The natural history of the chalybeat and purging waters of England with their particular essays and uses : among which are treated at large, the apoplexy & hypochondriacism : to which are added some observations on the bath waters in Somersetshire ... / by Benjamin Allen ...
         Allen, Benjamin, 1663-1738.
      
       
         
           1699
        
      
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         59240
         
           
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             The natural history of the chalybeat and purging waters of England with their particular essays and uses : among which are treated at large, the apoplexy & hypochondriacism : to which are added some observations on the bath waters in Somersetshire ... / by Benjamin Allen ...
             Allen, Benjamin, 1663-1738.
          
           [45], 185, [8] p.
           
             Printed and sold by S. Smith and B. Walford ...,
             London :
             1699.
          
           
             Errata: p. [45].
             Reproduction of original in British Library.
             Includes indexes.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Mineral waters -- England.
        
      
    
     
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           THE
           Natural
           History
           OF
           THE
           Chalybeat
           and
           Purging
           Waters
           OF
           ENGLAND
           .
           With
           their
           particular
           ESSAYS
           and
           USES
           .
        
         
           Among
           which
           are
           treated
           at
           large
           THE
           Apoplexy
           &
           Hypochondriacism
           .
        
         
           To
           which
           are
           added
           ,
           Some
           Observations
           on
           the
           Bath
           Waters
           in
           Somersetshire
           .
        
         
           Dedicated
           to
           the
           Right
           Honourable
           the
           Earl
           of
           Manchester
           .
        
         
           By
           
             Benjamin
             Allen
          
           ,
           Med.
           Bac.
           
        
         
           LONDON
           Printed
           ▪
           And
           Sold
           by
           
             S.
             Smith
          
           and
           
             B.
             Walford
          
           ,
           at
           the
           
             Prince's
             Arms
          
           in
           St.
           
           Paul's
           Church-yard
           ,
           1699.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           TO
           THE
           Right
           Honourable
           CHARLES
           Earl
           of
           Manchester
           ,
           Baron
           of
           Kimbolton
           ,
           Lord
           Mandevill
           ,
           AND
           One
           of
           His
           Majesty's
           Most
           Honourable
           Privy
           Council
           .
        
         
           
             My
             Lord
             ,
          
        
         
           THAT
           this
           Treatise
           waited
           for
           a
           share
           in
           the
           Ceremony
           of
           receiving
           your
           Lordship
           
           from
           Venice
           ,
           Arguments
           are
           not
           wanting
           ;
           for
           besides
           the
           Interest
           that
           I
           bear
           by
           living
           within
           your
           Influence
           ,
           There
           is
           a
           common
           Obligation
           to
           appear
           in
           the
           general
           Train
           of
           those
           that
           gratefully
           attend
           your
           Return
           from
           your
           Embassy
           ,
           from
           a
           just
           Sense
           of
           the
           Blessings
           these
           Kingdoms
           receive
           from
           your
           Employment
           ,
           and
           your
           Country
           by
           your
           Return
           and
           Presence
           .
           But
           that
           I
           inscribe
           it
           to
           your
           Lordship's
           Name
           ,
           I
           am
           more
           necessarily
           ▪
           induced
           ,
           in
           that
           it
           is
           not
           easie
           to
           find
           so
           fit
           a
           Patron
           and
           so
           great
           a
           Judge
           :
           Your
           Greatness
           that
           impowers
           you
           to
           countenance
           a
           Book
           ,
           hath
           a
           Brightness
           more
           than
           common
           to
           your
           own
           Quality
           ,
           and
           hath
           all
           the
           Worth
           and
           
           Beauty
           ,
           that
           Integrity
           ,
           Virtue
           and
           Goodness
           can
           give
           it
           .
           As
           a
           Judge
           how
           you
           are
           Qualify'd
           ,
           I
           shall
           not
           attempt
           ;
           but
           only
           observe
           your
           Lordships
           excellent
           Temper
           to
           be
           so
           great
           a
           Help
           ,
           as
           that
           just
           Notions
           of
           things
           are
           not
           to
           be
           had
           without
           .
           As
           a
           Character
           is
           better
           waved
           ,
           Justice
           being
           seldom
           done
           in
           Dedications
           ;
           so
           I
           am
           happy
           that
           it
           is
           not
           the
           least
           part
           of
           your
           Character
           ,
           that
           your
           Excellencies
           have
           a
           Foundation
           above
           that
           of
           common
           Applause
           .
           However
           you
           need
           it
           not
           ,
           I
           had
           the
           Honour
           to
           observe
           your
           Lordships
           first
           Years
           ,
           possess'd
           of
           the
           Esteem
           of
           one
           who
           had
           a
           Fame
           for
           Learning
           ,
           among
           those
           that
           are
           acknowledged
           to
           be
           the
           greatest
           
           Masters
           of
           it
           in
           Europe
           ;
           and
           now
           your
           Riper
           ones
           in
           the
           nearest
           Imployment
           of
           the
           greatest
           of
           Princes
           .
        
         
           The
           Subject
           ,
           My
           Lord
           ,
           gives
           you
           a
           Right
           to
           it
           ;
           who
           accounts
           the
           noblest
           Subject
           is
           to
           know
           a
           Man's
           self
           ,
           and
           who
           makes
           the
           Practise
           of
           doing
           Good
           your
           Pleasure
           :
           And
           the
           Touches
           I
           have
           given
           at
           Humane
           Nature
           ,
           your
           Lordship
           's
           several
           Travels
           abroad
           have
           given
           you
           a
           particular
           Palate
           for
           .
           I
           have
           offer'd
           somewhat
           at
           the
           two
           grand
           Problems
           ,
           the
           Mechanism
           of
           Life
           ,
           and
           Use
           of
           Respiration
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           Distinct
           Notion
           of
           Humane
           Nature
           .
           But
           I
           own
           the
           Thoughts
           are
           shatter'd
           ,
           and
           not
           exact
           ,
           What
           your
           Good
           
           Opinion
           Supports
           ,
           I
           shall
           set
           above
           the
           Rate
           of
           common
           Estimation
           ;
           so
           what
           your
           Judgment
           condemns
           ,
           shall
           lose
           all
           Value
           and
           Concern
           with
           me
           :
           However
           it
           gives
           me
           an
           Opportunity
           to
           signifie
           ,
           that
           I
           am
           ,
        
         
           
             My
             Lord
             ,
          
           
             Your
             Honours
             Most
             Humble
             and
             Devoted
             Servant
             
               Benjamin
               Allen.
            
             
          
        
      
       
         
         
         
           THE
           PREFACE
           .
        
         
           THE
           Knowledge
           of
           the
           Specifick
           Seat
           ,
           and
           Nature
           of
           the
           Disease
           ,
           and
           Energy
           of
           the
           Remedy
           ,
           as
           it
           gave
           the
           Rise
           and
           Increase
           to
           Medicine
           ,
           so
           is
           what
           the
           Art
           of
           Physick
           consists
           in
           ,
           and
           its
           Excellency
           depends
           on
           .
           This
           is
           evident
           in
           〈◊〉
           ,
           and
           appears
           in
           every
           Disease
           and
           every
           Remedy
           ;
           The
           Jaundies
           are
           known
           to
           Physicians
           to
           admit
           of
           a
           various
           Cure
           ,
           as
           Trouble
           ,
           Obstruction
           of
           the
           Catamenia
           ,
           Feavers
           ;
           or
           an
           Indisposition
           of
           the
           Intestines
           may
           produce
           them
           .
           The
           Exactness
           requisite
           to
           this
           ,
           is
           further
           seen
           in
           the
           ill
           Success
           that
           attends
           the
           empirical
           Vse
           of
           the
           Cortex
           in
           Pthises
           and
           Feavers
           ,
           without
           distinction
           of
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           Symptom
           ,
           and
           Propriety
           of
           the
           Medicine
           .
           Howfar
           the
           best
           Methodists
           fall
           short
           ,
           that
           sit
           down
           short
           of
           this
           Inquiry
           ,
           is
           experienced
           in
           Feavers
           ,
           wherein
           ,
           the
           taking
           Indications
           indiscriminately
           ,
           without
           respect
           to
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           Cause
           ,
           could
           never
           be
           made
           consistent
           with
           success
           ,
           by
           the
           most
           judicious
           and
           happy
           Practicer
           which
           that
           Method
           hath
           yet
           produced
           .
        
         
           The
           present
           Subject
           is
           one
           of
           the
           noblest
           in
           Physick
           ,
           not
           only
           for
           its
           Generosity
           and
           Vniversality
           ,
           but
           for
           their
           extraordinary
           Virtue
           in
           some
           ,
           and
           those
           very
           many
           and
           various
           Diseases
           ,
           wherein
           they
           are
           the
           most
           constant
           and
           sole
           Remedy
           :
           And
           that
           these
           Waters
           are
           liable
           to
           the
           same
           Inconvenience
           ,
           
           I
           have
           been
           induced
           to
           believe
           ,
           by
           their
           frequently
           ineffectual
           and
           improper
           Vse
           ,
           and
           the
           Neglect
           of
           so
           certain
           a
           Remedy
           ,
           which
           I
           have
           observ'd
           in
           some
           Diseases
           ,
           wherein
           the
           Patients
           must
           be
           supposed
           to
           have
           drop'd
           for
           want
           of
           them
           :
           Instances
           of
           which
           I
           shall
           have
           occasion
           to
           glance
           at
           presently
           .
           I
           shall
           therefore
           make
           no
           Apology
           for
           my
           advancing
           somewhat
           towards
           so
           great
           a
           Desideratum
           .
           As
           to
           what
           hath
           been
           done
           on
           this
           Subject
           ,
           by
           the
           Inquiries
           which
           some
           of
           our
           greatest
           Naturalists
           who
           have
           engaged
           themselves
           〈◊〉
           it
           have
           made
           ,
           I
           need
           only
           say
           ,
           that
           neither
           their
           Principles
           have
           been
           discover'd
           ,
           nor
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           Salt
           or
           Spirit
           of
           each
           Water
           have
           been
           distinctly
           examin'd
           ,
           whereby
           as
           they
           have
           been
           wide
           from
           either
           ,
           so
           they
           advanced
           only
           loose
           Conjectures
           at
           some
           unknown
           Principle
           ;
           the
           most
           particular
           Inquiry
           by
           the
           very
           accomplish'd
           Physician
           and
           industrious
           Naturalist
           Dr.
           
             Martin
             Lister
          
           ,
           to
           whom
           the
           World
           is
           obliged
           for
           what
           he
           hath
           publish'd
           ,
           and
           my self
           what
           he
           was
           pleas'd
           civilly
           to
           communicate
           to
           me
           ,
           of
           the
           Condition
           of
           the
           Scarburgh
           Spring
           ,
           takes
           notice
           of
           the
           Condition
           of
           the
           Wells
           so
           far
           ,
           as
           to
           observe
           the
           Efflorescence
           of
           their
           Earth
           ,
           and
           their
           ferreous
           Stone
           ,
           which
           he
           observes
           to
           be
           an
           attendant
           on
           all
           our
           Mineral
           Springs
           and
           Baths
           ,
           as
           I
           remember
           without
           distinction
           ,
           and
           tho'
           rightly
           judging
           the
           Salt
           a
           Native
           of
           the
           Soyl
           where
           it
           is
           found
           ,
           yet
           on
           the
           same
           Account
           neither
           arriv'd
           at
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           Principles
           of
           this
           Salt
           ,
           nor
           its
           differences
           ,
           nor
           traced
           its
           reason
           and
           Derivation
           .
           The
           Chalybeat
           Waters
           which
           were
           reducible
           to
           a
           few
           general
           
           Heads
           ,
           I
           have
           given
           only
           Samples
           of
           ,
           to
           both
           I
           have
           preserved
           their
           experienced
           Virtues
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           Purging
           ones
           ,
           suggested
           some
           from
           their
           Nature
           ;
           and
           in
           this
           Account
           I
           find
           one
           Benefit
           that
           results
           ,
           that
           besides
           helping
           to
           the
           distinct
           Nature
           of
           each
           Water
           ,
           I
           have
           discover'd
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           made
           useful
           ,
           some
           Waters
           of
           the
           same
           Virtues
           with
           the
           justly
           celebrated
           ones
           ,
           whose
           distance
           made
           them
           still
           wanting
           to
           other
           parts
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           as
           those
           of
           Scarborow
           and
           Knaresborow
           are
           .
           My
           account
           of
           the
           reason
           of
           the
           Operation
           of
           the
           Waters
           ,
           is
           so
           wild
           and
           imperfect
           ,
           as
           to
           be
           nauseous
           to
           my self
           ,
           and
           afford
           me
           no
           other
           satisfaction
           ,
           than
           that
           I
           have
           hinted
           what
           ought
           to
           be
           done
           ;
           yet
           because
           an
           insight
           into
           this
           ,
           promotes
           the
           understanding
           of
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           Diseases
           ,
           and
           in
           what
           their
           Cure
           must
           consist
           ,
           and
           so
           the
           true
           place
           of
           the
           Vse
           of
           the
           Waters
           ;
           the
           Hints
           I
           give
           being
           somewhat
           informing
           ,
           instead
           of
           troubling
           the
           Reader
           with
           the
           Reasons
           of
           so
           great
           Negligence
           ,
           I
           shall
           choose
           to
           induce
           him
           to
           forgive
           it
           ,
           by
           giving
           them
           a
           little
           light
           here
           ,
           that
           may
           a
           little
           clear
           my
           sense
           in
           this
           matter
           .
           Both
           the
           Chalybeat
           and
           Purging
           Waters
           have
           some
           Virtues
           in
           common
           to
           restore
           the
           Appetite
           ,
           remove
           nauseousness
           of
           the
           Stomach
           ,
           Pains
           of
           that
           and
           the
           Head
           ,
           to
           cool
           ,
           to
           allay
           Flatulencies
           ,
           and
           the
           Cramps
           and
           disorderly
           Motions
           in
           the
           Body
           ,
           and
           flatness
           of
           the
           Spirits
           that
           attends
           them
           :
           And
           this
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           Principles
           well
           accounts
           ,
           which
           are
           thus
           far
           the
           same
           ;
           for
           as
           Water
           ,
           the
           common
           Vehicle
           in
           both
           ,
           demands
           Consideration
           ,
           as
           being
           most
           unfermentative
           ,
           and
           so
           a
           great
           assistant
           in
           suppressing
           Flatulencies
           
           
           
           
           
           from
           ill
           Concoction
           ,
           and
           other
           Failings
           of
           the
           parts
           occasion'd
           by
           fermented
           Liquors
           ;
           so
           the
           main
           Principle
           of
           the
           Purging
           Waters
           ,
           I
           have
           detected
           to
           be
           a
           Chalybeat
           Juyce
           .
           These
           Waters
           ,
           where
           they
           can
           reach
           and
           pass
           ,
           and
           suit
           by
           their
           grossness
           ,
           seem
           to
           answer
           the
           Specifick
           Nature
           of
           the
           Chalybeat
           in
           some
           measure
           .
           On
           this
           account
           these
           sometimes
           succeed
           in
           the
           Cure
           of
           a
           Diabetes
           ,
           as
           my
           honoured
           Friend
           ,
           and
           learned
           and
           compleat
           Physician
           ,
           Dr.
           
             Clopton
             Havers
          
           inform'd
           me
           ,
           upon
           a
           Case
           I
           consulted
           him
           in
           ;
           and
           as
           the
           Learned
           Dr.
           Grew
           hath
           recommended
           them
           ;
           which
           is
           〈◊〉
           peculiar
           Province
           of
           the
           light
           Chalybeat
           ones
           ,
           as
           being
           a
           Disease
           of
           the
           Glands
           ,
           which
           else
           these
           are
           unserviceable
           in
           .
           The
           Purging
           Waters
           by
           their
           grossness
           ,
           have
           therefore
           their
           Effect
           chiefly
           on
           the
           Viscera
           and
           first
           ways
           ,
           which
           their
           Salt
           qualifies
           them
           to
           cleanse
           and
           exterminate
           .
           Thus
           they
           are
           found
           to
           cure
           Head-achs
           ,
           Vertigo's
           ,
           Cramps
           ,
           Colicks
           ,
           and
           the
           Jaundies
           ,
           when
           their
           Cause
           or
           Fomes
           is
           in
           the
           Stomach
           or
           Bowels
           ,
           or
           is
           Hypochondriacal
           .
           They
           are
           suited
           to
           the
           Diseases
           likewise
           that
           attend
           the
           grand
           Climacterick
           ,
           as
           I
           call
           that
           of
           49
           ,
           by
           joyning
           ,
           correcting
           and
           exterminating
           the
           Faeces
           of
           the
           Chyle
           ,
           which
           then
           is
           grosser
           and
           more
           Alkalisate
           and
           wants
           discharge
           :
           As
           to
           differences
           of
           the
           Salts
           of
           these
           Waters
           ,
           as
           well
           of
           the
           heavy
           Chalybeats
           ,
           experience
           made
           them
           of
           weight
           with
           me
           ;
           having
           ,
           beside
           what
           I
           mention
           in
           its
           place
           ,
           observed
           the
           Jaundies
           cur'd
           more
           generally
           by
           those
           whose
           Salt
           was
           affine
           to
           common
           Salt
           ,
           and
           that
           elder
           Persons
           receiv'd
           most
           Benefit
           from
           those
           that
           were
           Chalybeat
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           particular
           Constitution
           
           requir'd
           a
           distinct
           regard
           to
           the
           Salt
           :
           Of
           what
           power
           unheeded
           differences
           of
           Salts
           are
           in
           our
           Bodies
           ,
           besides
           experience
           ,
           I
           found
           it
           so
           reasonable
           ,
           in
           that
           Vi●rioline
           ,
           and
           common
           Salt
           ,
           and
           Niters
           ,
           precipitate
           each
           other
           ,
           that
           it
           farther
           proved
           it self
           by
           the
           successful
           use
           this
           directed
           me
           to
           make
           of
           it
           in
           Fluxes
           of
           Blood
           ,
           immoderate
           Flux
           of
           the
           Catamenia
           ,
           and
           some
           other
           Diseases
           of
           this
           Year
           ,
           which
           by
           many
           reasons
           I
           judged
           to
           be
           Nitrous
           ,
           wherein
           I
           found
           Chalybeat
           Preparations
           to
           be
           the
           only
           effectual
           Remedies
           ,
           which
           were
           so
           unlikely
           ,
           as
           commonly
           in
           the
           Chlor●sis
           promoting
           such
           a
           Flux
           ,
           that
           I
           found
           it
           pretty
           hard
           to
           perswade
           some
           to
           the
           use
           of
           it
           .
           And
           the
           proper
           use
           of
           the
           more
           Acid
           Chalybeat
           Waters
           in
           Fluxes
           of
           Blood
           make
           them
           a
           peculiar
           .
           The
           Virtues
           of
           those
           and
           the
           Atramentous
           ,
           appear
           in
           their
           place
           .
           The
           last
           of
           these
           are
           least
           efficacious
           and
           most
           numerous
           ,
           the
           Instances
           of
           that
           at
           
             Leez
             Place
          
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           much
           honoured
           Sir
           
             Edward
             Southcot
          
           Bar.
           his
           Seat
           ,
           are
           sufficient
           for
           Examples
           .
           The
           light
           Chalybeats
           are
           the
           most
           abstracted
           of
           this
           kind
           ,
           and
           so
           fit
           to
           the
           Recesses
           of
           Nature
           which
           the
           others
           cannot
           reach
           ,
           and
           to
           shew
           the
           power
           of
           the
           Mineral
           .
           The
           Virtues
           of
           these
           in
           various
           affects
           of
           Body
           and
           Mind
           ,
           and
           Hypochondriacism
           which
           produceth
           them
           are
           constant
           :
           The
           Diseases
           are
           so
           odd
           which
           these
           and
           only
           these
           do
           cure
           ,
           that
           they
           ought
           to
           be
           specified
           ,
           and
           shall
           be
           done
           under
           these
           Heads
           ;
           The
           first
           drawn
           from
           the
           part
           affected
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           Glands
           ,
           and
           this
           Rule
           is
           so
           extensive
           ,
           as
           to
           hold
           in
           all
           Diseases
           of
           the
           Kidneys
           ,
           and
           Glands
           of
           the
           Joynts
           .
           Their
           happy
           use
           in
           the
           first
           ,
           I
           
           receiv'd
           Information
           of
           from
           the
           before
           mentioned
           Dr.
           Havers
           ,
           which
           I
           found
           confirmed
           by
           this
           surprizing
           Effect
           upon
           their
           very
           first
           taking
           ,
           that
           ,
           instead
           of
           passing
           ,
           they
           stop'd
           their
           Vrin
           ,
           which
           was
           little
           to
           be
           expected
           from
           so
           powerful
           a
           Diuretick
           as
           they
           else
           are
           found
           to
           be
           :
           And
           the
           perfect
           Cures
           of
           the
           Gout
           by
           these
           Waters
           are
           frequent
           ,
           and
           have
           been
           well
           attested
           to
           me
           .
           A
           second
           Mark
           or
           Head
           ,
           The
           Diseases
           they
           are
           Specifick
           in
           ,
           is
           characterised
           by
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           Waters
           ,
           and
           Diseases
           they
           Cure
           ,
           as
           the
           Waters
           clear
           ,
           depurate
           and
           suppress
           exorbitant
           Fermentations
           ,
           and
           as
           Diseases
           are
           produced
           by
           the
           Luxury
           of
           the
           Feculency
           of
           the
           Chyle
           ,
           and
           effort
           of
           fermented
           Liquors
           ,
           among
           which
           are
           the
           Diabetes
           and
           the
           Gout
           ,
           which
           are
           often
           produced
           by
           the
           use
           of
           fermented
           Liquors
           ,
           which
           by
           how
           much
           the
           staler
           the
           Beer
           is
           ,
           the
           more
           sure
           the
           Mischief
           ,
           and
           are
           incurable
           ,
           without
           altering
           the
           Drink
           in
           great
           measure
           :
           To
           which
           I
           may
           add
           ,
           that
           the
           Gout
           is
           said
           never
           to
           have
           assaulted
           any
           Drinker
           of
           Water
           ;
           and
           many
           Indispositions
           are
           under
           this
           Head
           ,
           which
           are
           thus
           pointed
           at
           by
           the
           Cause
           .
           A
           third
           Consideration
           that
           points
           at
           the
           Cases
           these
           Waters
           are
           proper
           in
           ,
           is
           the
           Occasion
           and
           time
           of
           the
           Disease
           ,
           and
           brings
           us
           all
           the
           Diseases
           at
           the
           Climactericks
           .
           A
           fourth
           regards
           the
           Spring
           and
           part
           of
           its
           Origine
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           Brain
           and
           Mind
           ,
           and
           indicates
           all
           Diseases
           of
           any
           kind
           ,
           produced
           by
           Trouble
           and
           Grief
           .
           The
           Cure
           of
           the
           Fistula
           and
           Feavers
           may
           make
           other
           Heads
           ,
           and
           give
           a
           rise
           to
           greatly
           improveable
           Thoughts
           .
           Now
           in
           order
           to
           the
           just
           and
           ready
           use
           
           of
           these
           Waters
           ,
           that
           promptuary
           of
           Experience
           can
           only
           be
           certain
           that
           nicely
           digests
           Observations
           ,
           and
           specifies
           the
           Cases
           ;
           this
           only
           can
           readily
           point
           out
           the
           Remedy
           ,
           and
           hinder
           their
           improper
           Administration
           ,
           and
           discover
           Cases
           wherein
           they
           are
           effectual
           ,
           which
           may
           be
           so
           remote
           to
           our
           sense
           of
           them
           ,
           as
           never
           would
           encourage
           our
           attempting
           the
           Application
           of
           the
           only
           proper
           Remedy
           .
           And
           this
           I
           insist
           on
           the
           more
           ,
           because
           I
           have
           had
           reason
           to
           believe
           ,
           this
           escape
           to
           have
           been
           even
           from
           the
           generality
           of
           Physicians
           .
           This
           may
           be
           particularly
           instanced
           in
           a
           Dropsie
           ,
           wherein
           the
           Waters
           are
           very
           improper
           ,
           and
           often
           hasten
           the
           end
           of
           the
           Patient
           ;
           and
           yet
           in
           the
           same
           Disease
           ,
           when
           it
           proceeds
           from
           grief
           of
           Mind
           ,
           they
           are
           a
           reasonably
           certain
           ,
           and
           the
           only
           Remedy
           ;
           I
           say
           in
           this
           I
           have
           more
           than
           once
           known
           a
           Patient
           dye
           under
           the
           fruitless
           Application
           of
           a
           regular
           Course
           of
           Physick
           ;
           for
           a
           Dropsie
           ,
           when
           the
           successful
           use
           of
           the
           Waters
           in
           the
           same
           case
           oblig'd
           me
           to
           conclude
           the
           ill
           Success
           to
           be
           owing
           to
           the
           want
           of
           distinguishing
           the
           Disease
           ,
           and
           knowing
           the
           proper
           Remedy
           ,
           next
           under
           that
           Providence
           that
           disposed
           the
           Concealment
           :
           Besides
           Diseases
           from
           this
           Cause
           are
           irregular
           and
           various
           ,
           and
           not
           bear
           any
           other
           method
           of
           Discovery
           or
           Cure.
           Distempers
           of
           the
           Climactericks
           are
           as
           numerous
           ,
           and
           their
           Cure
           seems
           to
           depend
           as
           much
           on
           the
           same
           Discovery
           ;
           and
           I
           have
           often
           seen
           Consumptions
           at
           21
           and
           49
           cur'd
           by
           the
           dexterous
           Application
           of
           Chalybeats
           ,
           the
           Waters
           chiefly
           in
           the
           Cure
           of
           which
           by
           common
           Methods
           and
           Intentions
           their
           Physicians
           had
           labour'd
           unsuccessfully
           :
           And
           as
           this
           helps
           us
           to
           the
           
           Knowledge
           and
           Cure
           of
           many
           Diseases
           that
           else
           lye
           conceal'd
           from
           us
           ,
           so
           it
           assists
           our
           Judgment
           in
           making
           due
           and
           true
           Prognosticks
           :
           And
           I
           have
           been
           pleas'd
           with
           the
           evidence
           of
           Art
           ,
           when
           I
           could
           not
           readily
           cure
           a
           Disease
           ,
           viz.
           an
           Epilepsie
           that
           came
           on
           at
           27
           in
           the
           true
           Prediction
           of
           its
           declining
           and
           departure
           at
           30
           ;
           and
           of
           the
           Diseases
           that
           assaulted
           at
           14
           ,
           superceded
           at
           18.
           
        
         
           The
           Apoplexy
           which
           is
           cured
           by
           the
           more
           acid
           Chalybeats
           ,
           and
           reliev'd
           by
           the
           light
           ones
           ,
           transcends
           the
           common
           Notions
           of
           the
           other
           glandular
           Diseases
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           an
           Affection
           of
           the
           very
           Root
           of
           Life
           it self
           ,
           and
           requires
           a
           particular
           Consideration
           in
           order
           to
           inform
           us
           how
           and
           where
           this
           Remedy
           is
           proper
           ;
           for
           although
           it
           is
           evident
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           an
           Affection
           of
           the
           medullary
           part
           of
           the
           Brain
           ,
           whence
           Sense
           and
           Life
           is
           distributed
           ;
           yet
           with
           submission
           to
           better
           Judgment
           ,
           I
           conceive
           the
           Accounts
           of
           this
           Disease
           are
           at
           a
           loss
           about
           the
           Production
           of
           it
           ,
           when
           they
           come
           to
           the
           immediate
           Cause
           ,
           and
           the
           long
           Excursion
           this
           Enquiry
           demands
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           unavoidable
           ,
           so
           is
           so
           seasonable
           also
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           Increase
           and
           Frequency
           of
           this
           Disease
           here
           especially
           in
           the
           Country
           ,
           where
           this
           Year
           it
           has
           insulted
           more
           than
           ever
           ,
           that
           I
           question
           not
           but
           the
           Acceptableness
           of
           the
           Disquisition
           will
           excuse
           it
           .
           I
           shall
           distinctly
           view
           the
           Nature
           of
           an
           Apoplexy
           ,
           and
           Disposition
           it
           consists
           in
           ;
           The
           Causes
           of
           it
           ;
           The
           Differences
           ;
           and
           lastly
           ,
           The
           suitable
           Intentions
           and
           Indications
           .
           The
           general
           Phaenomenon
           upon
           Dissection
           of
           those
           that
           dye
           of
           this
           Distemper
           ,
           being
           an
           Effusion
           of
           Blood
           upon
           the
           Brain
           ,
           Authors
           
           do
           generally
           agree
           in
           placing
           the
           Production
           of
           this
           Disease
           ,
           in
           an
           Obstruction
           made
           at
           the
           Brain
           ,
           and
           must
           be
           allow'd
           to
           be
           produced
           in
           the
           Cortical
           part
           ,
           and
           conceive
           this
           to
           be
           made
           by
           some
           Congestion
           in
           the
           Blood-Vessels
           ,
           and
           which
           the
           Learned
           Dr.
           Cole
           supposes
           may
           be
           of
           viscous
           or
           serous
           Matter
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           either
           in
           quantity
           ,
           or
           freshly
           excited
           ,
           or
           else
           Polypous
           Concretions
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           obstructing
           Matter
           ,
           to
           admit
           which
           ,
           the
           Brain
           is
           pre-dispos'd
           by
           its
           Laxity
           or
           Openness
           ;
           in
           which
           likewise
           ,
           the
           bare
           Distention
           of
           the
           Arteries
           may
           suffice
           to
           produce
           it
           .
           I
           shall
           with
           all
           Deference
           to
           those
           great
           Authors
           ,
           and
           particularly
           the
           last
           ,
           humbly
           offer
           my
           Conception
           ,
           though
           more
           grosly
           ,
           yet
           as
           it
           appears
           to
           me
           ,
           and
           best
           explains
           the
           Benefit
           of
           the
           Mineral
           Waters
           in
           this
           Case
           ,
           thus
           ,
           That
           an
           Apoplexy
           is
           a
           Disease
           of
           the
           
             Cortex
             cerebri
          
           ,
           not
           founded
           in
           any
           Obstruction
           ,
           though
           often
           attended
           by
           them
           ,
           but
           consisting
           in
           the
           Ruin
           of
           its
           mechanical
           Crasis
           and
           Temper
           ,
           which
           is
           such
           as
           Steel
           restores
           ,
           and
           Niters
           destroy
           ,
           the
           Causes
           and
           Nature
           of
           which
           ,
           is
           common
           to
           other
           Glands
           ,
           and
           produceth
           a
           Paroxysm
           ,
           by
           a
           Hamorrhage
           or
           Admission
           of
           Flatulent
           Parts
           consequential
           to
           this
           ;
           which
           Distemper
           the
           
             Suicus
             nutritius
          
           may
           arrive
           at
           ,
           either
           by
           Age
           or
           Qualities
           contracted
           upon
           Congestion
           ,
           and
           grossness
           of
           the
           Chyle
           ,
           or
           receive
           by
           Particles
           communicated
           from
           the
           Air
           ,
           or
           all
           joyntly
           ;
           besides
           violent
           Causes
           ,
           and
           so
           may
           truly
           be
           said
           to
           be
           seated
           not
           in
           the
           Sanguinary
           Vessels
           ,
           but
           Glandular
           Ducts
           .
           But
           as
           they
           wrongfully
           charge
           the
           Blood-Vessels
           with
           the
           cause
           ,
           in
           that
           an
           Apoplexy
           may
           be
           produced
           without
           any
           
           of
           this
           ,
           as
           is
           clear
           from
           Dr.
           
           Willis's
           Instance
           ;
           so
           they
           seem
           incumbred
           in
           the
           explaining
           the
           Reason
           of
           the
           Abolition
           of
           Sense
           and
           Motion
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           place
           and
           nature
           of
           this
           Congestion
           ;
           the
           Mistakes
           in
           the
           Nature
           of
           this
           Distemper
           ,
           seem
           to
           me
           to
           be
           owing
           to
           the
           ill
           Notion
           of
           Animal
           Mechanism
           ,
           and
           use
           of
           the
           Brain
           ,
           wherein
           they
           suppose
           a
           Circulation
           or
           passage
           of
           Animal
           Spirits
           ,
           so
           necessary
           to
           Life
           ,
           as
           that
           the
           Interruption
           of
           them
           sufficeth
           to
           abolish
           it
           .
           The
           Difficulties
           of
           which
           way
           of
           Solution
           ,
           are
           taken
           notice
           of
           by
           all
           the
           Writers
           on
           this
           Subject
           ,
           rather
           than
           explain'd
           .
           My
           Sense
           in
           this
           Matter
           I
           shall
           give
           ,
           by
           considering
           ,
           first
           ,
           the
           Inconveniencies
           the
           Brain
           can
           suffer
           without
           this
           Deprivation
           .
           2ly
           ,
           The
           Vital
           Mechanism
           of
           the
           Brain
           :
           And
           3ly
           ,
           The
           necessary
           Cause
           or
           Reason
           of
           its
           Production
           ,
           as
           appears
           in
           the
           Brain
           .
           And
           to
           be
           brief
           ,
           first
           ,
           it
           appears
           from
           the
           Dissections
           in
           
             Wepfer
             ,
             Willis
          
           ,
           and
           others
           ,
           that
           all
           the
           passes
           of
           the
           Animal
           Spirits
           ,
           at
           once
           ,
           cannot
           be
           obstructed
           ;
           nor
           a
           Compression
           of
           the
           Brain
           and
           Cerebel
           ,
           nor
           an
           Inflammation
           of
           the
           Brain
           ,
           or
           its
           Meninges
           ,
           produce
           it
           ;
           there
           are
           as
           just
           Exceptions
           lye
           against
           plenty
           of
           Blood
           ;
           nor
           is
           it
           from
           Stones
           generated
           .
           Abounding
           Serum
           may
           be
           without
           it
           ,
           and
           Water
           beap'd
           within
           the
           Cranium
           and
           Ventricles
           .
           And
           
           Plater's
           Instance
           proves
           ,
           that
           a
           Carnous
           ,
           Schirrhous
           and
           Fungous
           Tumour
           on
           the
           
             Corpus
             Callosum
          
           ,
           produced
           Stupidity
           and
           Death
           without
           an
           Apoplexy
           .
        
         
           2ly
           ,
           I
           shall
           consider
           the
           grand
           Design
           of
           the
           Brain
           ,
           and
           its
           vital
           Mechanism
           ,
           of
           which
           ,
           though
           it
           be
           inextricable
           in
           its
           private
           and
           more
           recluse
           
           Motions
           ,
           yet
           thus
           much
           appear
           .
           Although
           Animal
           Mechanism
           is
           compound
           ,
           and
           Respiration
           is
           necessary
           to
           the
           Motion
           of
           the
           Blood
           ,
           to
           which
           the
           Lungs
           are
           accordingly
           framed
           ,
           and
           upon
           which
           Motion
           Life
           depends
           ;
           yet
           as
           the
           Pulse
           of
           the
           Heart
           is
           perform'd
           by
           the
           Nerves
           ,
           so
           the
           Air
           Atmospherical
           ,
           upon
           whose
           obstructing
           or
           fixing
           ,
           so
           as
           to
           hinder
           its
           Elasticity
           ,
           Life
           so
           suddenly
           ceaseth
           in
           some
           Animals
           ,
           seems
           to
           act
           only
           on
           the
           Nerves
           ,
           as
           in
           those
           that
           have
           membranous
           Lungs
           ,
           where
           no
           more
           Blood
           circulates
           in
           their
           Lungs
           ,
           than
           is
           necessary
           for
           the
           supply
           of
           the
           part
           ;
           whereby
           the
           Air
           seems
           to
           serve
           the
           Circulation
           in
           other
           Animals
           ,
           for
           greater
           force
           and
           greater
           Heat
           ;
           for
           those
           Animals
           first
           nam'd
           ,
           are
           colder
           ,
           and
           live
           long
           without
           Food
           ,
           and
           so
           both
           Air
           ;
           and
           the
           Niter
           of
           it
           ,
           is
           useful
           with
           equal
           Pace
           ,
           and
           in
           equal
           Degree
           ,
           to
           the
           Motion
           necessary
           at
           the
           Lungs
           ,
           to
           the
           fury
           of
           the
           Circulation
           of
           the
           Blood
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           Nourishment
           to
           be
           consum'd
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           observable
           ,
           that
           the
           
             Par
             vagum
          
           and
           intercostal
           Nerves
           ,
           which
           are
           the
           Instruments
           of
           involuntary
           Motion
           ,
           serve
           both
           Lungs
           and
           Ventricle
           .
           The
           use
           then
           of
           this
           Heat
           in
           the
           Blood
           ,
           seems
           to
           prepare
           a
           due
           Elasticity
           in
           the
           Chyle
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           to
           serve
           the
           Brain
           or
           parts
           of
           it
           ,
           be
           it
           the
           Spirituous
           part
           in
           what
           sense
           soever
           ,
           being
           accommodated
           to
           some
           Disposition
           of
           the
           Brain
           ;
           for
           in
           the
           external
           Air
           there
           is
           ,
           besides
           all
           this
           (
           but
           answerable
           to
           this
           )
           a
           due
           degree
           of
           Elasticity
           ,
           or
           quantity
           of
           elastick
           parts
           ,
           or
           compressure
           of
           them
           necessary
           to
           Life
           ,
           which
           is
           proportion'd
           to
           the
           coldness
           of
           the
           Animal
           perhaps
           ,
           but
           certainly
           adapted
           
           to
           the
           Spring
           of
           Life
           in
           the
           Brain
           ,
           as
           is
           seen
           in
           Fish
           which
           live
           by
           the
           Air
           ,
           yet
           dye
           in
           the
           open
           Air
           ;
           and
           is
           confirm'd
           in
           Whitings
           which
           swim
           deep
           in
           the
           Water
           ,
           a●d
           so
           with
           us
           are
           not
           liable
           to
           be
           taken
           by
           Nets
           ,
           and
           dye
           instantly
           upon
           being
           taken
           out
           of
           it
           .
           The
           Brains
           of
           Animals
           are
           accordingly
           adapted
           to
           this
           use
           ,
           those
           who
           use
           the
           greatest
           force
           of
           the
           Air
           ,
           as
           Birds
           ,
           have
           the
           Cortical
           part
           vastly
           larger
           in
           proportion
           than
           men
           ,
           no
           doubt
           to
           separate
           the
           Air
           ,
           and
           perhaps
           corroborate
           the
           Brain
           ,
           and
           their
           Lungs
           fix'd
           accordingly
           ;
           and
           Fish
           have
           least
           Brain
           and
           Cortex
           too
           .
           The
           Nature
           of
           Life
           ,
           and
           use
           of
           the
           Brain
           ,
           being
           thus
           stated
           to
           consist
           in
           the
           justice
           of
           a
           Spring
           ;
           it
           is
           easie
           to
           conceive
           ,
           that
           the
           enlarging
           of
           the
           Elasticity
           in
           the
           Brain
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           without
           ,
           is
           enough
           to
           destroy
           the
           Mechanism
           of
           Life
           .
           Now
           though
           we
           know
           not
           the
           work
           of
           this
           within
           the
           Brain
           ,
           yet
           it
           is
           difficult
           to
           believe
           ,
           and
           not
           agreeable
           to
           Experience
           ,
           to
           allow
           any
           other
           cause
           that
           deprives
           Life
           so
           suddenly
           as
           some
           elastick
           parts
           ,
           that
           can
           communicate
           too
           large
           a
           Degree
           or
           Scope
           to
           it
           ,
           which
           the
           Blood
           conveighing
           so
           much
           Air
           may
           easily
           do
           ,
           which
           the
           difficulty
           of
           Respiration
           thereon
           depending
           evidences
           .
           By
           this
           alone
           may
           we
           understand
           ,
           to
           account
           for
           the
           appearances
           of
           the
           disorders
           of
           the
           Brain
           upon
           Dissection
           ,
           which
           now
           come
           to
           be
           consider'd
           :
           As
           this
           will
           reach
           and
           account
           for
           those
           Apoplexies
           that
           shew
           no
           Stoppage
           ,
           nor
           Irruption
           at
           the
           Brain
           ,
           as
           those
           of
           old
           Age
           ,
           and
           gives
           a
           reason
           why
           they
           attend
           the
           Old
           and
           not
           the
           Young
           :
           So
           we
           shall
           find
           those
           Instances
           
           wherein
           the
           Brain
           is
           forced
           by
           the
           Blood
           ,
           confirm
           this
           account
           .
           It
           is
           observable
           from
           the
           Dissections
           of
           all
           ,
           that
           the
           confirm'd
           Apoplexy
           is
           produced
           by
           the
           Effusion
           of
           Blood
           at
           the
           Basis
           of
           the
           Brain
           out
           of
           the
           Carotid
           Artery
           ,
           especially
           the
           anteriour
           Branches
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           at
           which
           place
           all
           that
           have
           time
           complain
           :
           And
           though
           generally
           the
           Effusion
           of
           Blood
           is
           large
           on
           this
           occasion
           ,
           yet
           it
           is
           observable
           to
           my
           purpose
           ,
           that
           the
           breaking
           in
           of
           the
           Blood
           only
           on
           one
           side
           should
           take
           away
           Life
           ;
           and
           which
           is
           more
           ,
           that
           the
           quantity
           of
           two
           spoonfuls
           of
           Blood
           at
           the
           Base
           of
           the
           Brain
           should
           as
           well
           effect
           it
           ;
           in
           both
           which
           Instances
           or
           cases
           ,
           the
           Effusion
           supposing
           a
           Stoppage
           of
           the
           Spirits
           ,
           could
           not
           so
           soon
           have
           produced
           it
           .
           And
           as
           the
           last
           named
           Case
           of
           Fernelius
           came
           upon
           a
           stroke
           on
           the
           Eye
           ,
           so
           the
           like
           hath
           happen'd
           on
           a
           stroke
           on
           the
           Neck
           by
           a
           fall
           ,
           in
           that
           History
           of
           Wepfer
           .
        
         
           And
           although
           this
           Consideration
           of
           the
           Vital
           Spring
           in
           the
           Brain
           ,
           doth
           not
           exclude
           other
           ways
           by
           which
           it
           may
           suffer
           ,
           beside
           the
           giving
           it
           too
           much
           Scope
           ,
           which
           I
           here
           assign
           ,
           yet
           I
           see
           no
           reason
           to
           entertain
           any
           other
           ,
           since
           other
           Causes
           are
           either
           impossible
           ,
           or
           not
           constantly
           produce
           this
           Disease
           ;
           and
           since
           (
           excepting
           the
           Case
           of
           old
           Age
           ,
           which
           requires
           a
           distinct
           Explication
           )
           it
           is
           ever
           produced
           by
           a
           Rupture
           of
           the
           Vessels
           ,
           as
           an
           imperfect
           one
           by
           admission
           only
           of
           unfit
           and
           rapid
           but
           small
           parts
           .
           Again
           ,
           to
           proceed
           further
           in
           the
           Inquiry
           into
           the
           Nature
           of
           this
           Disease
           ,
           by
           informing
           our selves
           how
           this
           Rupture
           comes
           to
           pass
           ,
           
           we
           are
           to
           consider
           ,
           that
           it
           appears
           that
           the
           Condition
           the
           Blood-vessels
           receive
           ,
           by
           the
           Stoppage
           of
           the
           Canal
           by
           the
           grumous
           Blood
           ,
           or
           ●ccidental
           hardness
           or
           cl●sure
           of
           it
           barely
           consider'd
           by
           nature
           ,
           are
           render'd
           ineffectual
           to
           be
           the
           occasion
           of
           this
           Disorder
           ;
           the
           reason
           therefore
           of
           it
           ,
           is
           to
           be
           had
           without
           ,
           as
           the
           Vessels
           may
           be
           joyntly
           respected
           or
           affected
           where
           they
           are
           more
           minute
           .
           The
           Nature
           of
           this
           is
           to
           be
           sought
           from
           what
           the
           Compages
           and
           Affection
           of
           the
           part
           afford
           :
           Now
           how
           truly
           the
           Brain
           ,
           understood
           as
           a
           Gland
           ,
           accounts
           for
           this
           ,
           must
           be
           prov'd
           by
           the
           Disorders
           those
           Bodies
           suffer
           ,
           and
           the
           Analogy
           they
           bear
           to
           each
           other
           .
           That
           the
           Affections
           are
           common
           ,
           it
           evident
           from
           the
           Calculi
           ,
           Varicous
           Knots
           and
           Hydatides
           ,
           found
           in
           Apoplectick
           Brains
           at
           the
           Secretions
           ,
           as
           at
           〈◊〉
           
             Plexus
             Choroides
          
           .
           The
           justness
           and
           genuineness
           of
           this
           account
           ,
           appears
           farther
           in
           the
           part
           and
           cause
           of
           this
           Disease
           ,
           in
           that
           the
           Rupture
           it
           made
           principally
           at
           the
           anteriour
           Branches
           of
           the
           Carotid
           Arteries
           nearer
           the
           Origin
           of
           the
           Brain
           ,
           where
           accordingly
           those
           that
           are
           seiz'd
           complain
           ;
           and
           that
           the
           ruptur'd
           Vessels
           are
           those
           that
           have
           gone
           a
           Compass
           ,
           and
           descend
           from
           the
           Anfractus
           of
           the
           Brain
           .
           The
           reason
           of
           this
           last
           ,
           is
           to
           be
           understood
           by
           the
           Observations
           of
           Bellini
           and
           Malpighius
           ,
           who
           inform
           〈◊〉
           that
           the
           Winding
           of
           Glandular
           Vessels
           ,
           and
           so
           of
           the
           Anfractus
           of
           the
           Brain
           ,
           is
           to
           give
           the
           Blood
           time
           to
           stop
           and
           separate
           through
           the
           Glandular
           Pores
           .
           And
           〈◊〉
           ●his
           solves
           the
           Reason
           partly
           ,
           why
           the
           Rupture
           is
           not
           ,
           where
           the
           Blood
           comes
           ,
           with
           greater
           force
           ;
           
           so
           the
           Imbecility
           of
           the
           part
           hath
           hence
           a
           Reason
           ,
           and
           points
           at
           the
           occasion
           of
           it
           ,
           in
           that
           it
           is
           where
           the
           greater
           part
           in
           proportion
           of
           the
           Chyle
           ,
           or
           nutritious
           Iuyce
           ,
           must
           therefore
           be
           deposited
           ,
           which
           when
           weigh'd
           together
           ,
           with
           the
           Consideration
           that
           the
           Error
           of
           the
           Chyle
           induceth
           all
           Diseases
           ,
           and
           allows
           the
           Effects
           of
           the
           Air
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Fit
           so
           often
           seizes
           after
           full
           Meals
           ,
           and
           that
           this
           Disease
           keeps
           pace
           with
           the
           
             Affectio
             Hypochondriaca
          
           ,
           if
           not
           increas'd
           in
           time
           together
           with
           it
           ;
           and
           that
           it
           s
           so
           often
           being
           induced
           by
           trouble
           of
           Mind
           ,
           evidences
           the
           same
           analogous
           Cause
           and
           Reason
           ,
           are
           natural
           ,
           and
           to
           me
           convincing
           Arguments
           .
           How
           this
           Rupture
           of
           the
           Arteries
           comes
           upon
           an
           Obstruction
           or
           heaping
           of
           Chylous
           parts
           in
           the
           Glands
           ,
           comes
           next
           to
           be
           examin'd
           :
           It
           is
           observ'd
           by
           Wepfer
           ,
           in
           his
           second
           Dissection
           ,
           that
           the
           Brain
           there
           was
           much
           intenerated
           ,
           where
           the
           Effusion
           of
           Blood
           was
           made
           ;
           but
           whether
           the
           Laxity
           of
           the
           Brain
           ,
           or
           Openness
           of
           the
           Pores
           ,
           of
           the
           Tabuli
           ,
           or
           Siphons
           ,
           that
           receive
           the
           Chylous
           part
           of
           the
           Blood
           ,
           rendred
           the
           Brain
           liable
           to
           this
           Irruption
           ,
           is
           questionable
           and
           not
           to
           be
           answered
           ;
           so
           provided
           we
           know
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           Parts
           that
           occasion
           this
           ,
           is
           not
           material
           .
           I
           own
           the
           Vses
           of
           the
           Blood
           in
           joynt-service
           with
           the
           Nervous
           parts
           to
           be
           another
           Inquiry
           .
           The
           Delatoryness
           of
           the
           Glands
           ,
           when
           obstructed
           in
           producing
           a
           Rupture
           of
           the
           Blood-vessels
           ,
           be
           it
           in
           the
           Iaundies
           ,
           Asthma
           ,
           or
           Dropsie
           ,
           and
           the
           liableness
           of
           the
           Glands
           to
           alteration
           ,
           especially
           upon
           exclusion
           of
           new
           saline
           
           
           
           
           
           parts
           from
           the
           Blood
           ,
           to
           preserve
           as
           well
           as
           supply
           them
           ,
           induce
           me
           to
           believe
           much
           herein
           to
           be
           owing
           to
           some
           Quality
           they
           may
           conceive
           ,
           if
           not
           sufficient
           to
           corrode
           the
           Artery
           ,
           at
           least
           to
           destroy
           their
           own
           Crasis
           .
           Accordingly
           I
           shall
           now
           consider
           the
           Cause
           without
           us
           ,
           that
           induceth
           this
           Disposition
           to
           this
           Disease
           ,
           as
           sufficient
           to
           direct
           us
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           Air.
           Though
           I
           have
           some
           Reasons
           that
           draw
           me
           to
           an
           Opinion
           ,
           that
           the
           Particles
           which
           compose
           ,
           or
           are
           bore
           in
           our
           Atmosphere
           which
           variously
           affect
           our
           Bodies
           ,
           are
           so
           gross
           ,
           as
           to
           allow
           a
           Conception
           of
           their
           operating
           ,
           on
           the
           score
           that
           they
           are
           Effluvia
           ,
           either
           of
           the
           constant
           or
           new
           produced
           Bodies
           in
           the
           Earth
           ,
           but
           owe
           their
           Energy
           to
           some
           Quality
           depending
           on
           the
           various
           Figure
           or
           Disposition
           ,
           or
           other
           alteration
           they
           are
           liable
           to
           receive
           in
           the
           Atmosphere
           :
           Yet
           not
           to
           argue
           from
           so
           questionable
           Principles
           ,
           I
           shall
           rather
           indeavour
           to
           demonstrate
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           parts
           of
           it
           by
           their
           effect
           ,
           and
           as
           they
           appear
           the
           occasion
           of
           this
           Disease
           .
           And
           this
           Distemper
           making
           so
           extraordinary
           insults
           at
           particular
           times
           ,
           it
           is
           reasonable
           to
           examine
           the
           Disposition
           of
           the
           Air
           ,
           whereon
           depended
           the
           Increase
           of
           the
           Disease
           ,
           and
           wherein
           it
           consists
           .
           The
           grand
           increase
           of
           it
           upon
           the
           great
           Frost
           1683
           ,
           appearing
           sufficiently
           by
           the
           Bills
           of
           Mortality
           ,
           lead
           the
           Learned
           Dr.
           Cole
           to
           do
           so
           good
           Service
           to
           this
           Inquiry
           as
           to
           observe
           it
           ,
           and
           makes
           it
           a
           Phaenomenon
           ,
           the
           Solution
           of
           which
           is
           no
           small
           Direction
           .
           But
           as
           I
           think
           the
           Constipation
           or
           Obstruction
           made
           by
           
           admission
           of
           the
           Nitrous
           Particles
           not
           satisfactory
           ,
           without
           accounting
           for
           the
           new
           Capacity
           they
           have
           obtain'd
           beyond
           what
           they
           have
           in
           other
           Frosts
           ,
           and
           the
           Difficulties
           of
           admitting
           them
           ;
           so
           it
           seems
           evident
           to
           me
           ,
           that
           the
           rise
           of
           this
           Disease
           or
           first
           increase
           is
           of
           a
           longer
           date
           .
           And
           to
           offer
           my
           sense
           of
           this
           matter
           ,
           the
           Apoplexy
           seems
           to
           me
           to
           be
           one
           of
           the
           fix'd
           temporary
           Diseases
           ,
           which
           as
           they
           result
           not
           from
           the
           immediate
           Changes
           of
           Season
           and
           Weather
           ,
           so
           are
           rooted
           in
           some
           more
           subtile
           parts
           of
           the
           Air
           ,
           which
           Weather
           and
           Season
           may
           assist
           by
           giving
           them
           a
           liberty
           of
           exerting
           themselves
           ,
           and
           likewise
           a
           supply
           .
           And
           because
           I
           never
           yet
           observ'd
           any
           sudden
           leaps
           ordinarily
           ,
           though
           I
           nicely
           observ'd
           the
           Air
           as
           I
           could
           ,
           made
           in
           the
           Production
           of
           new
           Diseases
           ;
           I
           was
           ready
           to
           judge
           from
           the
           rise
           of
           this
           at
           the
           declension
           of
           the
           Rickets
           ,
           that
           the
           actors
           of
           both
           were
           parts
           of
           equal
           subtilty
           ,
           and
           not
           much
           differing
           in
           Nature
           .
           And
           I
           confess
           the
           Experiment
           of
           the
           Marbles
           seem
           to
           favour
           a
           Notion
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           differing
           degrees
           of
           Subtilty
           in
           our
           Atmosphere
           it self
           ,
           and
           so
           in
           the
           parts
           lodg'd
           in
           it
           .
           I
           shall
           not
           attempt
           determining
           ,
           though
           there
           is
           great
           reason
           to
           believe
           the
           matter
           to
           be
           Nitrous
           by
           its
           Effect
           ,
           and
           its
           Cure.
           The
           Reason
           of
           this
           Disease
           ,
           and
           Nature
           of
           the
           Condition
           of
           the
           Air
           producing
           it
           ,
           is
           probably
           more
           clearly
           to
           be
           seen
           in
           the
           Observation
           of
           the
           particular
           times
           of
           the
           grand
           Efforts
           of
           the
           Air
           in
           producing
           it
           ;
           in
           which
           we
           ought
           to
           
           observe
           the
           general
           Effects
           of
           the
           Air
           on
           all
           Bodies
           ,
           and
           carry
           on
           the
           Inquiry
           by
           the
           Effects
           and
           Power
           it
           exerts
           on
           Animal
           ones
           .
           And
           because
           this
           evidence
           or
           detection
           of
           the
           parts
           affecting
           is
           liable
           to
           exception
           ,
           that
           differing
           Diseases
           are
           produced
           often
           at
           once
           by
           differing
           parts
           or
           distinct
           qualities
           in
           the
           operating
           Body
           ,
           and
           especially
           in
           so
           mix'd
           a
           one
           :
           And
           again
           ,
           as
           the
           more
           subtile
           cause
           is
           unknown
           ,
           so
           if
           we
           discover
           the
           Particles
           of
           the
           Air
           ,
           or
           disposition
           of
           it
           ,
           that
           conveighs
           the
           pa●●ss
           ,
           we
           have
           small
           advantage
           .
           I
           must
           observe
           ,
           that
           I
           am
           of
           Opinion
           ,
           that
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           Air
           ,
           and
           the
           Disposition
           of
           it
           ,
           to
           which
           Diseases
           owe
           their
           rise
           ,
           are
           more
           discoverable
           ,
           than
           they
           at
           first
           thought
           give
           hopes
           of
           ,
           and
           that
           in
           so
           great
           a
           measure
           ,
           as
           to
           make
           the
           Knowledge
           serviceable
           in
           the
           known
           Diseases
           .
           And
           any
           Man
           ,
           I
           think
           ,
           will
           be
           reconcil'd
           to
           my
           Opinion
           ,
           that
           will
           take
           the
           trouble
           of
           tracing
           Diseases
           in
           conjunction
           with
           the
           Air
           and
           Seasons
           ;
           for
           the
           Difficulties
           are
           in
           great
           measure
           solv'd
           ,
           by
           barely
           distinguishing
           between
           the
           Diseases
           produced
           by
           single
           Seasons
           ,
           and
           observing
           the
           constant
           tenour
           of
           the
           Humour
           or
           diseasy
           matter
           ,
           and
           how
           it
           receives
           alterations
           from
           variety
           of
           Seasons
           ,
           and
           that
           as
           the
           place
           of
           the
           Disease
           is
           partly
           or
           chiefly
           owing
           to
           the
           first
           ,
           so
           the
           Nature
           to
           the
           last
           of
           these
           .
        
         
           That
           the
           present
           case
           depends
           on
           these
           evident
           Causes
           ,
           may
           reasonably
           be
           concluded
           ,
           not
           only
           from
           the
           increase
           of
           it
           joyntly
           with
           these
           ,
           but
           also
           
           that
           it
           traced
           in
           its
           containing
           and
           procatarctick
           Causes
           ,
           which
           require
           no
           more
           to
           explain
           ,
           than
           what
           the
           common
           effects
           of
           the
           Air
           in
           other
           Diseases
           exhibit
           ,
           and
           the
           nature
           of
           the
           Air
           thus
           consider'd
           accounts
           for
           .
           The
           first
           time
           to
           be
           consider'd
           ,
           and
           which
           assists
           us
           in
           the
           discovery
           of
           the
           Cause
           of
           this
           Distemper
           from
           the
           occasion
           of
           its
           Increase
           extraordinary
           ,
           is
           the
           great
           Frost
           .
           To
           avoid
           prolixness
           ,
           I
           shall
           only
           observe
           ,
           that
           as
           that
           can
           never
           determine
           the
           matter
           to
           the
           Brain
           ,
           nor
           account
           for
           the
           increase
           of
           this
           Disease
           at
           so
           great
           a
           distance
           ,
           and
           is
           contradicted
           by
           experience
           ;
           so
           the
           incidence
           of
           such
           a
           Season
           may
           give
           a
           lift
           to
           this
           Disease
           ,
           on
           other
           Considerations
           than
           the
           conveighing
           of
           the
           Frosty
           and
           grosser
           nitrous
           parts
           ,
           and
           that
           may
           be
           of
           more
           subtile
           or
           distinct
           Parts
           ,
           that
           may
           be
           contain'd
           or
           mix'd
           with
           them
           ,
           that
           may
           better
           account
           for
           this
           Phaenomenon
           ,
           which
           must
           be
           suppos'd
           to
           be
           vastly
           supply'd
           by
           so
           great
           a
           Frost
           ,
           which
           may
           be
           allow'd
           either
           to
           feed
           the
           more
           subtile
           ,
           or
           increase
           them
           by
           the
           Precipitation
           and
           Congestion
           of
           the
           Parts
           they
           bring
           ,
           and
           separate
           and
           leave
           .
           Indeed
           the
           grand
           Continuation
           of
           the
           Increase
           ,
           makes
           this
           Deduction
           necessary
           ,
           both
           of
           its
           Subtilty
           and
           Nature
           .
           The
           last
           of
           these
           must
           most
           disclose
           it self
           at
           the
           time
           of
           its
           abounding
           in
           the
           highest
           degree
           ,
           and
           this
           must
           be
           fix'd
           at
           this
           present
           Year
           1698
           ,
           the
           reason
           of
           which
           I
           shall
           now
           examine
           ;
           that
           I
           rightly
           fix
           the
           Inundation
           and
           Exorbitancy
           of
           the
           invading
           Matter
           on
           this
           ,
           or
           this
           and
           the
           last
           Year
           ,
           I
           need
           not
           indeavour
           to
           evince
           ,
           being
           so
           extraordinary
           ,
           
           as
           that
           the
           like
           number
           of
           Apoplecticks
           were
           never
           yet
           observ'd
           in
           this
           or
           past
           Ages
           ;
           and
           indeed
           by
           the
           generality
           of
           the
           Vertigo's
           that
           have
           invaded
           ,
           which
           must
           be
           referr'd
           to
           the
           same
           assault
           ,
           may
           be
           said
           truly
           to
           be
           Epidemical
           .
           That
           the
           matter
           concern'd
           in
           this
           is
           nothing
           obscure
           ,
           or
           besides
           what
           is
           evident
           and
           obvious
           appears
           ,
           in
           that
           first
           the
           other
           Distempers
           raging
           at
           the
           same
           time
           were
           uniform
           ,
           and
           differ'd
           only
           in
           place
           ,
           the
           matter
           of
           which
           is
           plainly
           enough
           Nitrous
           ,
           but
           particularly
           (
           because
           the
           Nature
           of
           that
           differs
           )
           its
           Qualities
           consist
           in
           Acidity
           ,
           such
           as
           will
           not
           preserve
           from
           but
           promote
           Putridness
           ,
           Subtilty
           to
           penetrate
           ,
           and
           Liquibility
           to
           flow
           with
           the
           Juyces
           ;
           which
           Qualities
           appear
           easily
           in
           the
           Effects
           in
           both
           the
           Chronical
           and
           Acute
           Diseases
           of
           those
           Years
           last
           past
           :
           It
           much
           illustrates
           this
           account
           ,
           to
           observe
           the
           steps
           made
           in
           the
           producing
           this
           general
           Disposition
           in
           the
           Air
           ,
           which
           I
           must
           here
           but
           touch
           at
           ,
           without
           explaining
           .
           It
           is
           very
           notable
           that
           a
           Glandular
           Acidity
           attended
           the
           Diseases
           in
           94
           ;
           Epilepsies
           in
           Children
           ,
           and
           Nervous
           Rhumatisms
           in
           the
           Grown
           ,
           advanced
           with
           the
           great
           Mealdews
           in
           95
           ,
           both
           seated
           in
           the
           Membranes
           and
           at
           the
           Head.
           In
           96
           remarkable
           for
           sudden
           Changes
           of
           Heat
           and
           Cold
           ,
           rag'd
           Epilepsies
           ,
           Vertigo's
           ,
           and
           lax
           Tumours
           and
           Vlcers
           of
           the
           Throat
           ,
           that
           came
           as
           Colds
           .
           Through
           the
           Subtilty
           and
           Increase
           of
           this
           matter
           ,
           which
           seem'd
           fitted
           to
           weaken
           the
           containing
           parts
           (
           the
           unseasonableness
           of
           the
           preceding
           Year
           reasonably
           assisting
           )
           it
           obtain'd
           admittance
           at
           the
           latter
           end
           of
           the
           
           Year
           (
           which
           was
           wet
           and
           windy
           )
           to
           the
           Interior
           Glands
           ,
           as
           I
           call
           those
           that
           serve
           Life
           it self
           .
           And
           now
           appears
           an
           odd
           Distemper
           ,
           that
           seiz'd
           with
           Faintness
           ,
           and
           Inquietude
           ,
           and
           Deliquiums
           ,
           and
           a
           yellowness
           of
           the
           Skin
           ,
           and
           dry
           Cough
           .
           Vpon
           Dissection
           of
           one
           of
           these
           Bodies
           ,
           I
           discover'd
           a
           recluse
           Abscess
           in
           the
           Lungs
           ,
           invested
           with
           a
           tough
           Coat
           ,
           and
           containing
           thick
           Pus
           ,
           without
           any
           opening
           external
           ,
           or
           into
           the
           Bronchiae
           ,
           but
           was
           fed
           by
           a
           small
           Duct
           from
           the
           largest
           Gland
           of
           the
           Lungs
           ,
           which
           Gland
           was
           grumous
           ,
           and
           look'd
           and
           felt
           like
           powder'd
           Chalk
           .
           The
           Pancreas
           was
           in
           the
           same
           state
           ,
           which
           occasion'd
           the
           yell●●●ess
           as
           I
           conceive
           ,
           and
           the
           Thymus
           emaciated
           .
           And
           by
           this
           insight
           I
           cured
           others
           of
           the
           same
           Disease
           by
           Emulsions
           of
           Alkalys
           ,
           first
           to
           remove
           the
           Acidity
           ,
           and
           then
           by
           a
           Sudorifick
           
             Decoctum
             amarum
          
           ,
           and
           closing
           the
           Course
           with
           Chalybeats
           .
           At
           the
           very
           same
           time
           Apoplexies
           insulted
           in
           a
           strange
           degree
           ,
           and
           Colds
           affecting
           the
           Head
           :
           These
           all
           held
           in
           97
           ,
           which
           ending
           in
           a
           long
           and
           gentle
           Frost
           ,
           upon
           this
           in
           98.
           
           This
           Disease
           became
           Epidemick
           ,
           in
           that
           it
           seiz'd
           so
           frequent
           ,
           and
           was
           the
           issue
           of
           other
           Diseases
           ,
           and
           from
           the
           general
           invasion
           of
           Vertiginous
           cases
           .
           Acute
           Diseases
           of
           this
           Year
           proved
           to
           me
           the
           Matter
           to
           be
           an
           Acid
           Nitre
           dispos'd
           to
           corrupt
           and
           exulcerate
           ,
           by
           which
           the
           Diseases
           seiz'd
           usually
           with
           a
           Catarrh
           ,
           and
           ended
           with
           some
           Abscess
           .
           Putrid
           Feavers
           began
           with
           the
           Spring
           and
           Catarrhal
           ,
           yet
           reigning
           from
           the
           declining
           Summer
           ;
           great
           fluor
           of
           the
           Blood
           appear'd
           
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           with
           Dysenteries
           ,
           Gripes
           ,
           and
           ill-natured
           putrid
           Pains
           in
           the
           sides
           :
           To
           all
           which
           the
           Cures
           happily
           succeeded
           that
           were
           directed
           by
           this
           reason
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           confirm'd
           to
           me
           ,
           that
           the
           matter
           in
           the
           Air
           was
           advanced
           to
           that
           Nature
           ,
           as
           to
           be
           more
           dispos'd
           to
           Putridness
           and
           Corrosiveness
           ,
           which
           I
           therefore
           assert
           to
           be
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           Air
           in
           the
           present
           case
           ;
           in
           many
           these
           Vertigo's
           and
           Pains
           in
           the
           Head
           blinded
           the
           sight
           almost
           ;
           my
           opinion
           that
           in
           this
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           Niter
           consisted
           ,
           and
           that
           it
           flow'd
           together
           with
           grosser
           parts
           of
           the
           Air
           ,
           was
           favour'd
           by
           the
           Observation
           of
           the
           Retinue
           of
           his
           Excellency
           the
           Earl
           of
           Manchester
           in
           their
           return
           from
           Venice
           this
           Spring
           ;
           who
           upon
           their
           passing
           the
           Sene
           ,
           suffer'd
           from
           the
           Wind
           which
           blew
           in
           their
           face
           ,
           an
           unusual
           effect
           of
           common
           Cold
           ,
           which
           was
           a
           Tumor
           of
           the
           whole
           Face
           ,
           and
           universal
           Scabbiness
           agreeable
           to
           the
           before
           observ'd
           Qualities
           of
           it
           .
           I
           shall
           only
           add
           one
           Particular
           more
           ,
           which
           is
           ,
           that
           I
           have
           observ'd
           that
           those
           places
           that
           have
           been
           most
           troubled
           with
           Apoplexies
           ,
           have
           been
           level
           and
           moist
           ,
           so
           as
           in
           one
           Village
           so
           situate
           ,
           these
           that
           dy'd
           went
           off
           mostly
           on
           a
           sudden
           .
        
         
           Having
           thus
           asserted
           the
           containing
           Cause
           of
           this
           Disease
           ,
           and
           shewn
           the
           Procatarctick
           to
           proceed
           from
           a
           Congestion
           of
           Chyle
           in
           this
           as
           in
           other
           Glands
           ,
           and
           to
           consist
           in
           the
           spoiling
           of
           its
           due
           Temper
           and
           Crasis
           ,
           by
           inducing
           a
           Corrosive
           and
           Nitrous
           Quality
           :
           The
           Disposition
           to
           this
           Distemper
           ,
           
           appears
           likewise
           to
           be
           contracted
           by
           Replentia
           and
           Otium
           ,
           and
           which
           ruins
           the
           Tone
           and
           Temper
           of
           the
           Glands
           the
           same
           way
           ,
           but
           soonest
           thick
           Fermented
           Liquors
           ,
           especially
           the
           stalest
           :
           The
           dexterous
           Effect
           of
           these
           in
           all
           Diseases
           of
           the
           whole
           Glandular
           kind
           ,
           is
           sufficiently
           known
           .
           How
           much
           by
           this
           Observation
           we
           may
           hope
           to
           have
           this
           Disease
           within
           our
           power
           ,
           though
           we
           cannot
           mend
           the
           Air
           ,
           may
           be
           understood
           by
           considering
           that
           the
           Air
           hath
           no
           power
           to
           change
           our
           Bodies
           ,
           but
           as
           it
           hath
           a
           Delinquent
           Chyle
           to
           work
           on
           ,
           as
           I
           note
           afterwards
           .
           But
           as
           this
           plainly
           exhibits
           the
           best
           method
           to
           prevent
           ,
           so
           also
           that
           the
           Chalybeat
           Waters
           are
           the
           best
           Cure.
           Their
           power
           in
           Diseases
           of
           the
           Glands
           ,
           to
           remove
           Obstruction
           ,
           and
           restore
           the
           due
           Crasis
           and
           Temper
           of
           them
           ,
           I
           have
           shewn
           ;
           and
           as
           the
           Steel
           is
           the
           only
           proper
           Body
           to
           do
           this
           ,
           which
           mechonically
           serves
           our
           Life
           ,
           at
           least
           in
           preserving
           this
           Tone
           and
           Crasis
           ,
           which
           Alkalys
           and
           Niters
           destroy
           :
           So
           it
           seems
           to
           affect
           the
           Glands
           only
           ,
           since
           in
           a
           Chlorosis
           it
           is
           not
           easie
           to
           conceive
           the
           so
           sudden
           raising
           the
           Blood
           by
           so
           small
           quantity
           of
           even
           a
           Tincture
           of
           Steel
           otherwise
           ,
           but
           to
           keep
           to
           experience
           as
           it
           appears
           that
           in
           these
           Distempers
           of
           the
           Glands
           ,
           the
           Chalybeat
           Waters
           are
           the
           only
           Remedy
           ;
           and
           as
           the
           light
           sort
           deobstruct
           best
           ,
           so
           the
           more
           Acid
           sort
           are
           peculiar
           in
           this
           Disease
           ,
           more
           powerfully
           resisting
           and
           correcting
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           Chyle
           ,
           and
           rendring
           it
           more
           fluxile
           and
           suppressing
           Haemorrhage
           ,
           and
           to
           strengthen
           and
           make
           firm
           the
           
           Brain
           ,
           which
           is
           observable
           in
           their
           Virtues
           recited
           .
           But
           to
           remove
           a
           Disposition
           to
           this
           Disease
           ,
           the
           Time
           ,
           or
           State
           ,
           or
           cause
           of
           it
           ,
           may
           either
           make
           the
           use
           of
           these
           Waters
           exceptionable
           ,
           or
           require
           a
           particular
           regard
           either
           before
           ,
           or
           in
           Conjunction
           with
           them
           ,
           I
           shall
           consider
           the
           differences
           thence
           arising
           ,
           and
           the
           distinct
           regard
           they
           claim
           ;
           that
           these
           may
           be
           distinguish'd
           with
           some
           certainty
           ,
           and
           may
           be
           of
           use
           to
           direct
           us
           ,
           there
           is
           the
           highest
           reason
           to
           believe
           ,
           that
           since
           in
           all
           the
           Cures
           recited
           by
           Authors
           ,
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           Disease
           is
           ever
           found
           answerable
           .
           Now
           considering
           that
           an
           Apoplexy
           consists
           in
           the
           Admission
           of
           parts
           to
           the
           Brain
           ,
           that
           either
           are
           Aerial
           ,
           as
           is
           what
           the
           Blood
           conveighs
           ,
           or
           Elastick
           and
           Flatulent
           ,
           as
           is
           the
           Matter
           in
           the
           Aged
           ;
           and
           that
           the
           admission
           of
           both
           is
           owing
           to
           the
           Crasis
           and
           Temper
           of
           the
           Brain
           ,
           as
           of
           the
           other
           Glands
           destroy'd
           or
           degenerated
           ;
           which
           is
           perform'd
           in
           the
           Chyle
           by
           the
           Air
           ,
           or
           degeneracy
           of
           the
           Juyce
           by
           other
           means
           ,
           as
           may
           abundantly
           be
           prov'd
           to
           be
           the
           Case
           of
           Hemorrhages
           in
           general
           ;
           we
           are
           hereby
           help'd
           to
           understand
           the
           reason
           of
           the
           variety
           of
           the
           Remedies
           that
           have
           been
           observed
           to
           set
           aside
           Apoplectick
           Fits.
           And
           although
           in
           a
           Case
           of
           such
           danger
           ,
           Applications
           are
           justly
           made
           of
           universal
           Intention
           ,
           yet
           they
           usually
           succeed
           as
           they
           attend
           the
           State
           and
           Nature
           of
           it
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           are
           commanded
           by
           the
           strength
           of
           the
           part
           ;
           and
           Intentions
           are
           thus
           best
           urg'd
           ,
           that
           respect
           the
           Matter
           as
           confirm'd
           when
           Old
           :
           2ly
           ,
           When
           capable
           of
           
           Revulsion
           by
           Bleeding
           ,
           when
           that
           confines
           it
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           Plethorick
           ,
           by
           Vomits
           in
           full
           Feeders
           :
           3ly
           ,
           By
           promoting
           the
           Secretion
           by
           Catharticks
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           Phlegmatick
           Blisters
           ,
           
             &c.
             4ly
          
           ,
           By
           thinning
           and
           lessening
           the
           Flatulency
           of
           the
           Matter
           ,
           and
           driving
           it
           forward
           either
           into
           the
           Secretory
           Vessels
           ,
           or
           at
           worst
           through
           the
           Brain
           ,
           on
           which
           strong
           Apoplectick
           Waters
           are
           observ'd
           to
           effect
           ,
           when
           the
           Fit
           is
           without
           a
           Procatarxis
           ,
           or
           changes
           into
           a
           Hemiplegia
           ,
           being
           small
           in
           quantity
           .
           Again
           ,
           Bleeding
           may
           be
           the
           only
           Remedy
           which
           ought
           to
           be
           urg'd
           ,
           from
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           Disease
           impelling
           ,
           joyning
           and
           indicating
           ,
           as
           a
           Disposition
           to
           Haemorrhages
           ,
           or
           stopping
           of
           one
           ;
           and
           thus
           I
           have
           more
           than
           once
           ,
           by
           Bleeding
           chiefly
           ,
           made
           an
           Apoplexy
           remove
           ,
           and
           change
           it self
           into
           a
           Gout
           in
           the
           Foot.
           
        
         
           Lastly
           ,
           Some
           Cures
           have
           been
           perform'd
           by
           Medicines
           that
           regard
           only
           the
           Nature
           of
           the
           Matter
           ,
           by
           resisting
           the
           Flatulency
           and
           Coldness
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           perhaps
           by
           strengthning
           the
           Brain
           withal
           .
           And
           that
           is
           to
           be
           further
           and
           more
           nicely
           considered
           ;
           for
           beside
           the
           general
           Intentions
           which
           the
           State
           of
           the
           Matter
           requires
           to
           be
           particularly
           insisted
           upon
           ,
           with
           reference
           to
           the
           Fit
           ,
           either
           to
           be
           remov'd
           or
           prevented
           ;
           There
           are
           also
           some
           Conditions
           of
           this
           Disease
           ,
           particularly
           to
           be
           respected
           in
           curing
           a
           Disposition
           to
           it
           ,
           which
           it
           receives
           from
           the
           Constitution
           of
           the
           Part
           ,
           Confirmedness
           of
           the
           Matter
           ,
           Quality
           of
           
           the
           Matter
           ,
           and
           lastly
           ,
           the
           Causes
           original
           or
           concurring
           of
           this
           Distemper
           :
           For
           although
           these
           Waters
           are
           experienced
           a
           compleat
           if
           not
           sole
           Remedy
           in
           the
           two
           common
           Cases
           of
           Apoplectick
           Persons
           ,
           a
           Haemorrhagious
           Disposition
           ,
           and
           a
           Sanguinary
           Plethora
           ,
           as
           likewise
           in
           a
           total
           Intemperature
           producing
           them
           ;
           yet
           a
           preparatory
           Course
           ,
           or
           Medicines
           conjunctly
           applied
           ,
           may
           be
           necessary
           :
           First
           ,
           In
           old
           Age
           ,
           by
           warming
           Cephalick
           Medicines
           ,
           or
           moisture
           of
           the
           Brain
           ,
           in
           which
           astringent
           Chalybeats
           ,
           as
           
             Crocus
             Martis
             astringens
          
           ,
           recommended
           by
           Dr.
           Cole
           ,
           or
           
             Ens
             Veneris
          
           ,
           which
           I
           more
           use
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           If
           inveterate
           ,
           or
           from
           confirm'd
           Hypochondriacism
           ,
           where
           the
           Brain
           may
           be
           calculous
           by
           a
           previous
           course
           of
           the
           Light
           Chalybeat
           Waters
           .
           Thirdly
           ,
           The
           Matter
           may
           be
           Cold
           and
           Flatulent
           ,
           as
           the
           Case
           recited
           by
           Sennertus
           ,
           in
           which
           rotulae
           of
           
             Ol.
             Carui
          
           and
           
             nuc
             .
             moschat
          
           .
           succeeded
           ,
           if
           we
           consult
           the
           genius
           of
           the
           Humour
           in
           the
           advanced
           degree
           of
           it
           of
           this
           present
           Time
           ,
           it
           may
           be
           proper
           to
           take
           off
           the
           Acidity
           by
           Alkalys
           ,
           in
           which
           Coral
           ought
           to
           have
           a
           share
           joyn'd
           with
           Carminatives
           and
           Discussers
           of
           Flatus
           ;
           and
           to
           back
           these
           with
           Astringents
           and
           Purgers
           interpos'd
           .
           Which
           I
           may
           confirm
           by
           an
           Observation
           I
           have
           made
           in
           some
           that
           I
           have
           cured
           ;
           that
           upon
           the
           first
           removal
           of
           the
           Fit
           ,
           the
           Humour
           remov'd
           into
           some
           other
           part
           as
           the
           Feet
           ,
           and
           appear'd
           in
           a
           puffy
           cold
           Humour
           .
           And
           in
           others
           I
           have
           found
           an
           Apoplexy
           to
           proceed
           from
           the
           bare
           translated
           
           Matter
           of
           the
           Rheumatick
           Pains
           ,
           and
           thus
           in
           most
           of
           those
           that
           are
           taken
           ;
           and
           as
           this
           accounts
           well
           why
           Cold
           should
           increase
           them
           ,
           so
           that
           the
           Cause
           is
           the
           same
           ,
           appears
           in
           that
           this
           Catarrhal
           Matter
           ,
           when
           it
           falls
           on
           the
           Lungs
           or
           Bowels
           ,
           hath
           usually
           produced
           Blood
           ,
           as
           I
           find
           daily
           .
           And
           this
           I
           observe
           the
           rather
           ,
           because
           it
           clears
           my
           proof
           of
           the
           Matter
           to
           be
           Natural
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           increase
           of
           this
           Disease
           is
           owing
           to
           an
           increase
           of
           the
           same
           Matter
           in
           the
           Air
           ,
           it
           s
           Subtilly
           Coldness
           ,
           Flatulency
           ,
           and
           Corrosiveness
           ,
           which
           the
           Coldness
           and
           Moisture
           of
           this
           and
           the
           preceding
           Years
           favour
           .
           The
           last
           regard
           is
           to
           the
           Causes
           concurring
           to
           the
           Production
           of
           it
           ,
           as
           the
           Chlorosis
           ,
           stopping
           of
           wonted
           Flux
           or
           Haemorrhages
           .
        
         
           The
           Course
           to
           be
           applied
           in
           all
           these
           appears
           in
           Authors
           ,
           and
           need
           here
           only
           to
           be
           intimated
           .
           Where
           none
           of
           these
           are
           coincident
           ,
           besides
           general
           Evacuation
           to
           be
           premitted
           ,
           only
           good
           Detersives
           may
           be
           recommended
           ;
           the
           most
           successful
           of
           which
           ,
           that
           I
           have
           observ'd
           ,
           I
           have
           nam'd
           afterwards
           .
        
         
           The
           
             Affectio
             Hypochondriaca
          
           ,
           which
           I
           have
           observ'd
           to
           be
           reliev'd
           by
           them
           all
           ,
           but
           when
           confirm'd
           to
           be
           cured
           by
           the
           light
           Chalybeats
           ,
           and
           secur'd
           by
           the
           more
           acid
           ,
           to
           which
           the
           Purging
           Waters
           elected
           according
           to
           the
           requisite
           Qualities
           ought
           to
           precede
           ,
           needs
           no
           Address
           to
           shew
           their
           place
           beside
           the
           reciting
           their
           Symptoms
           .
           What
           
           is
           necessary
           to
           contribute
           to
           the
           Cure
           or
           Continuance
           of
           it
           ,
           being
           a
           change
           of
           the
           Course
           of
           Living
           to
           a
           more
           natural
           one
           ,
           instead
           of
           particularizing
           I
           choose
           to
           illustrate
           ,
           by
           shewing
           the
           antecedent
           Causes
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           that
           it
           is
           a
           Disorder
           of
           the
           Recrements
           of
           the
           Chyle
           .
           As
           this
           is
           a
           Cardinal
           Distemper
           ,
           of
           them
           ,
           I
           have
           enlarg'd
           the
           thought
           not
           unusefully
           to
           the
           other
           turns
           these
           receive
           at
           the
           several
           grand
           Points
           of
           Man's
           Life
           ,
           and
           the
           Diseases
           thereon
           depending
           :
           And
           though
           I
           could
           not
           be
           particular
           in
           the
           Explication
           of
           this
           ,
           yet
           the
           mistakes
           about
           Humane
           Nature
           are
           such
           ,
           even
           of
           seemingly
           sound
           Persons
           ,
           but
           are
           very
           unhappy
           in
           the
           Hypochondriacal
           ;
           I
           have
           offer'd
           somewhat
           notwithstanding
           at
           the
           general
           Reason
           of
           the
           Distemperature
           of
           Body
           and
           Mind
           ,
           and
           the
           universal
           Efficacy
           of
           this
           congested
           Matter
           .
           I
           am
           of
           Opinion
           that
           by
           this
           thought
           ,
           more
           of
           a
           just
           Notion
           of
           our
           Nature
           may
           be
           retrieved
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Efficacy
           of
           Mineral
           Acids
           in
           contradistinction
           from
           others
           ,
           how
           they
           confirm
           our
           Nature
           ,
           and
           particularly
           why
           Steel
           ,
           and
           how
           and
           on
           what
           Account
           ,
           and
           what
           the
           Temper
           of
           the
           Glands
           ,
           and
           so
           of
           the
           Brain
           ,
           consists
           in
           .
           The
           Nature
           and
           Qualities
           of
           the
           Air
           ,
           prov'd
           by
           its
           Effects
           ,
           both
           ought
           and
           might
           be
           ,
           I
           fancy
           ,
           better
           clear'd
           ,
           and
           the
           Truth
           and
           Excellency
           of
           this
           Method
           be
           prov'd
           in
           the
           Acute
           Diseases
           likewise
           ,
           wherein
           .
           I
           have
           found
           it
           of
           happy
           Vse
           ;
           which
           I
           hint
           ,
           to
           encourage
           the
           Prosecution
           of
           it
           ,
           because
           I
           have
           observ'd
           Feavers
           themselves
           to
           have
           enough
           of
           their
           
           reasons
           appear
           to
           distinguish
           the
           Success
           of
           the
           Observer
           of
           them
           ;
           but
           as
           these
           either
           want
           place
           or
           room
           here
           ,
           so
           instead
           I
           am
           oblig'd
           to
           excuse
           the
           whole
           discoursive
           part
           of
           this
           Book
           ,
           and
           particularly
           the
           Impertinencies
           and
           Imperfections
           of
           it
           ,
           being
           only
           casual
           ,
           and
           written
           raptim
           ,
           and
           much
           of
           it
           never
           read
           over
           by
           me
           till
           printed
           ;
           and
           were
           design'd
           but
           as
           Hints
           ,
           and
           beside
           the
           design
           of
           the
           History
           ;
           so
           that
           the
           great
           Precipitation
           with
           the
           Impediments
           ,
           made
           much
           or
           all
           of
           it
           so
           far
           from
           being
           exact
           ,
           as
           to
           be
           thoughtless
           almost
           :
           In
           which
           part
           I
           reckon
           the
           Enumeration
           of
           the
           Sentiments
           of
           Authors
           of
           Apoplexies
           ,
           and
           the
           distinction
           of
           soms
           Symptoms
           :
           And
           in
           what
           I
           offer
           to
           the
           Learned
           Dr.
           Cole
           ,
           of
           the
           Seat
           of
           the
           Disease
           ,
           it
           is
           Oscitanter
           ,
           and
           is
           submitted
           to
           his
           Judgment
           ;
           my
           Intent
           being
           to
           explain
           and
           carry
           on
           the
           Inquiry
           ,
           not
           to
           oppose
           .
           In
           my
           examining
           the
           Waters
           I
           was
           exact
           to
           the
           best
           of
           my
           Skill
           ,
           and
           had
           it
           perform'd
           at
           the
           Springs
           ,
           trusting
           only
           to
           the
           procuring
           
             Barnet
             ,
             Stretham
          
           and
           Upminster
           ,
           the
           last
           of
           which
           was
           sent
           me
           by
           the
           unquestion'd
           hand
           of
           Mr.
           Jefferys
           of
           Brentwood
           .
           And
           least
           an
           Objection
           should
           lye
           against
           the
           cleanness
           of
           my
           account
           of
           the
           Pyrites
           found
           in
           the
           Purging
           Wells
           ,
           in
           that
           the
           common
           Copperas
           stone
           should
           be
           found
           mix'd
           with
           them
           at
           Harwich
           at
           the
           base
           of
           the
           Loamy
           Cliff
           ,
           I
           must
           observe
           that
           they
           are
           only
           found
           among
           the
           gravelly
           lays
           that
           fall
           from
           the
           top
           ,
           and
           that
           be
           it
           ,
           however
           it
           sufficeth
           to
           my
           purpose
           ,
           that
           these
           Stones
           are
           only
           a
           common
           Base
           of
           
           this
           sort
           of
           Earth
           ,
           as
           well
           where
           are
           no
           Purging
           Springs
           ,
           as
           where
           there
           are
           ,
           and
           so
           not
           of
           a
           forreign
           Original
           .
        
         
           Lastly
           ,
           Why
           I
           publish
           any
           thing
           so
           loose
           and
           unaccurate
           ,
           I
           can
           only
           say
           ,
           that
           the
           Discourses
           which
           were
           written
           off
           hand
           ,
           had
           not
           the
           leisure
           for
           Thought
           ,
           that
           the
           experimental
           part
           had
           (
           which
           was
           in
           good
           measure
           done
           before
           I
           left
           Cambridge
           ,
           and
           so
           before
           I
           enter'd
           on
           Practise
           )
           neither
           had
           I
           a
           prospect
           of
           an
           Opportunity
           to
           perfect
           .
           And
           all
           my
           Thoughts
           I
           offer
           no
           otherwise
           ,
           than
           with
           Submission
           to
           better
           Judgment
           to
           correct
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           Supplement
           to
           Page
           90.
           
        
         
           FOR
           particularly
           ,
           besides
           the
           Arguments
           drawn
           from
           the
           Excellency
           of
           our
           own
           Mineral
           Waters
           ,
           and
           their
           more
           distinct
           appositeness
           to
           several
           Cases
           ,
           which
           recommend
           the
           Use
           of
           our
           Waters
           in
           their
           lieu
           ,
           as
           being
           more
           abundantly
           useful
           to
           us
           ,
           so
           there
           are
           some
           Objections
           that
           lye
           against
           the
           use
           of
           the
           
             German
             Spa
          
           with
           us
           ,
           which
           it
           is
           not
           amiss
           to
           advise
           the
           Reader
           of
           .
           For
           not
           only
           the
           Waters
           suffer
           so
           much
           by
           their
           long
           passage
           ,
           as
           at
           best
           to
           retain
           but
           a
           diminish'd
           Proportion
           of
           their
           Virtue
           equal
           to
           their
           Tincture
           of
           Steel
           ;
           but
           also
           that
           Water
           ,
           which
           by
           reason
           of
           its
           long
           retaining
           the
           Tincture
           ,
           is
           sent
           abroad
           ,
           and
           is
           medicinally
           drank
           with
           us
           ,
           if
           it
           did
           retain
           its
           Chalybeat
           Power
           (
           which
           it
           seldom
           doth
           till
           it
           is
           used
           )
           is
           of
           the
           heavy
           and
           less
           effectual
           sort
           in
           the
           more
           nice
           Cases
           ,
           and
           its
           Salt
           approaching
           to
           an
           Alkaly
           ,
           and
           scarcely
           curdles
           with
           Soap
           or
           liquid
           Salt
           of
           Tartar
           ,
           not
           so
           much
           as
           our
           gravelly
           Pump-water
           ,
           nor
           disturbs
           a
           Solution
           of
           fine
           Silver
           in
           Spirit
           of
           Niter
           so
           much
           :
           And
           to
           this
           agrees
           the
           Observation
           of
           the
           French
           Academists
           .
           All
           which
           I
           offer
           to
           be
           consider'd
           and
           examin'd
           by
           Physicians
           ,
           who
           may
           get
           it
           more
           fresh
           than
           mine
           were
           ,
           and
           observe
           their
           Use.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           ERRATA
           .
        
         
           PAge
           36.
           
           Line
           23.
           
           
             Observ'd
             by
          
           ,
           add
           Dr.
           Lower
           .
           p.
           67.
           dele
           quin.
           p.
           69.
           for
           pents
           read
           pends
           .
           Where
           Mr.
           Simson
           is
           mentioned
           ,
           read
           Symonds
           .
           p.
           113.
           at
           the
           bottom
           before
           unacquainted
           dele
           not
           .
           p.
           113.
           l.
           12.
           after
           
             at
             one
          
           ,
           insert
           end
           .
           p.
           115.
           for
           fessil
           read
           Fissil
           .
           p.
           116.
           l.
           15.
           after
           hand
           ,
           add
           
             except
             Salts
             a
             little
             more
             mix'd
             ,
             as
             those
             of
          
           Kensington
           and
           Woodham-Ferrys
           .
           p.
           126.
           l.
           15.
           after
           Acidity
           ,
           for
           of
           read
           and.
           p.
           134.
           l.
           15.
           for
           Camellae
           read
           Lamellae
           .
        
         
           To
           the
           Class
           of
           North-hall
           Water
           ,
           where
           the
           Nature
           is
           determin'd
           to
           resemble
           Spirit
           of
           Salt
           ,
           add
           ,
           
             and
             to
             partake
             of
             Spirit
             of
             Vitriol
             ,
             and
             may
             be
             a
             peculiar
             in
             the
             Stone
             and
             Stoppage
             of
             Vrine
             .
          
        
         
           The
           Colchester
           Selenites
           was
           found
           in
           a
           Bed
           of
           blewish
           Clay
           ,
           as
           my
           Worthy
           Friend
           Mr.
           
             John
             Luffkin
          
           of
           that
           Town
           since
           informed
           me
           .
        
         
           And
           other
           escapes
           may
           be
           ,
           that
           the
           Reader
           may
           easily
           correct
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           THE
           Natural
           History
           OF
           THE
           Chalybeat
           and
           Purging
           Waters
           OF
           ENGLAND
           .
        
         
           
             The
             Introduction
             .
          
           
             THE
             Method
             which
             I
             thought
             reasonable
             to
             take
             ,
             to
             get
             an
             Account
             of
             these
             Waters
             ,
             and
             which
             affords
             the
             Minutes
             of
             this
             History
             ,
             was
             the
             examining
             the
             several
             Wells
             and
             particular
             Matter
             of
             them
             ,
             and
             tracing
             their
             Earths
             and
             Springs
             by
             the
             help
             of
             their
             proper
             Signs
             ,
             and
             then
             to
             add
             to
             these
             the
             Essays
             of
             the
             Waters
             :
             And
             the
             Universality
             and
             Accuracy
             of
             this
             Inquiry
             have
             distinguish'd
             it
             ,
             by
             the
             Success
             of
             a
             clear
             Discovery
             of
             their
             Principles
             .
             I
             am
             not
             ignorant
             that
             this
             History
             ,
             as
             
             it
             is
             an
             exact
             Examination
             of
             the
             Nature
             and
             Origin
             of
             Waters
             so
             much
             in
             use
             ,
             and
             as
             it
             may
             advance
             and
             he
             helpful
             to
             a
             General
             History
             of
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             needs
             nothing
             to
             recommend
             it
             ;
             yet
             Use
             being
             the
             Design
             of
             this
             Treatise
             ,
             and
             because
             to
             give
             the
             Reader
             a
             View
             of
             the
             Benefits
             proposed
             by
             it
             may
             facilitate
             the
             understanding
             of
             it
             ,
             I
             shall
             shew
             that
             the
             Usefulness
             of
             this
             Inquiry
             is
             fully
             proportioned
             to
             the
             Difficulty
             of
             attaining
             it
             .
             For
             besides
             the
             Satisfaction
             to
             the
             Drinkers
             of
             them
             ,
             which
             ariseth
             from
             the
             Knowledge
             of
             their
             Principles
             ,
             the
             Effects
             of
             the
             Chalybeat
             and
             Purging
             Waters
             of
             England
             are
             so
             great
             ,
             and
             the
             Cures
             perform'd
             by
             them
             in
             Obstinate
             and
             the
             less
             understood
             Distempers
             are
             so
             very
             extraordinary
             ,
             that
             (
             were
             their
             Natures
             better
             understood
             )
             we
             must
             expect
             no
             inconsiderable
             Advantage
             from
             the
             proper
             Use
             of
             so
             Noble
             a
             REmedy
             :
             Since
             this
             would
             direct
             us
             not
             only
             to
             the
             more
             certain
             Use
             of
             them
             ,
             but
             advance
             our
             Understanding
             to
             the
             Discovery
             of
             other
             Distempers
             ,
             in
             which
             they
             might
             succeed
             and
             help
             us
             to
             avoid
             all
             that
             ill
             Success
             that
             attends
             their
             improper
             Administration
             .
             How
             necessary
             such
             Exactness
             is
             to
             the
             understanding
             their
             Natures
             ,
             will
             appear
             sufficiently
             if
             we
             consider
             what
             vastly
             different
             Qualities
             are
             found
             to
             be
             in
             the
             Waters
             reputed
             of
             the
             same
             Species
             ,
             which
             yet
             may
             be
             owing
             only
             to
             the
             Variety
             of
             the
             Salts
             with
             which
             they
             may
             be
             impregnate
             ;
             of
             which
             Variety
             I
             shall
             give
             some
             particular
             Instances
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             of
             great
             Consequence
             ,
             
             and
             hath
             hitherto
             been
             unheeded
             .
             The
             Vertues
             of
             the
             Chalybeat
             Waters
             have
             been
             as
             yet
             so
             much
             attributed
             to
             the
             Metalline
             parts
             or
             Steel
             ,
             that
             (
             setting
             aside
             the
             Vehicle
             of
             Water
             ,
             the
             Benefit
             of
             which
             is
             taken
             notice
             of
             by
             some
             )
             in
             the
             Choice
             of
             these
             nothing
             usually
             is
             consulted
             but
             the
             Quantity
             of
             Steele
             evidenc'd
             in
             the
             depth
             of
             its
             Tinging
             with
             Galls
             ,
             and
             yet
             in
             this
             so
             uniform
             a
             Species
             ,
             it
             is
             easie
             to
             discern
             that
             Variety
             of
             Nature
             and
             Effects
             ,
             that
             will
             oblige
             him
             who
             observes
             it
             ,
             to
             allow
             so
             much
             to
             the
             Menstruum
             of
             it
             ,
             or
             the
             Salt
             that
             is
             added
             (
             either
             in
             its
             Quantity
             or
             Quality
             )
             as
             is
             sufficient
             to
             constitute
             Medicines
             of
             a
             quite
             different
             Nature
             .
             Hypochondriacal
             Cases
             (
             in
             which
             the
             Intention
             seems
             most
             General
             )
             the
             Light
             sort
             claim
             as
             their
             Province
             to
             relieve
             ;
             and
             I
             never
             knew
             the
             Heavy
             ones
             used
             in
             ,
             but
             with
             the
             ill
             success
             of
             aggravating
             the
             Distemper
             with
             an
             uneasie
             Heat
             ,
             and
             with
             very
             little
             of
             the
             good
             Effects
             that
             attend
             the
             light
             ones
             .
             The
             Propriety
             of
             these
             Waters
             in
             some
             other
             Distempers
             ,
             as
             Obstructions
             of
             several
             Parts
             ,
             upon
             the
             account
             of
             their
             lightness
             and
             thinness
             ,
             and
             particular
             sort
             of
             Spirit
             ,
             appears
             likewise
             in
             the
             Chapter
             of
             their
             Vertues
             .
             The
             heavy
             Waters
             that
             have
             more
             of
             the
             Mineral
             of
             Iron
             ,
             but
             clogg'd
             with
             Salt
             ,
             have
             different
             references
             according
             to
             the
             differing
             Nature
             of
             the
             Salt
             ,
             and
             quantity
             of
             Mineral
             they
             bear
             ,
             whereof
             the
             Nitrous
             (
             for
             such
             some
             prove
             to
             be
             )
             regard
             properly
             that
             heavy
             and
             black
             Crasis
             of
             the
             Blood
             of
             the
             Melancholick
             ;
             for
             I
             
             distinguish
             the
             Melancholy
             ,
             properly
             so
             call'd
             ,
             which
             hath
             its
             Root
             in
             the
             Constitution
             ,
             from
             the
             
               affectio
               Hypochondriaca
            
             :
             The
             other
             ,
             which
             have
             a
             Salt
             of
             the
             same
             Vitriolick
             Nature
             with
             the
             Spirit
             ,
             are
             a
             peculiar
             in
             those
             cases
             which
             I
             call
             Climacteric
             of
             elder
             Persons
             and
             some
             others
             ,
             which
             require
             the
             enriching
             of
             the
             Blood
             ,
             and
             the
             help
             of
             a
             Salt
             more
             effectual
             ,
             gross
             ,
             and
             lasting
             ,
             than
             is
             the
             light
             Spirit
             .
             And
             as
             some
             cases
             may
             require
             the
             same
             Vitriolick
             Salt
             to
             help
             the
             Appetite
             and
             restrain
             Flatulencies
             ,
             where
             the
             Blood
             as
             it
             needs
             not
             ,
             so
             bears
             not
             much
             of
             the
             body
             of
             the
             Steele
             ,
             [
             For
             such
             is
             the
             case
             in
             some
             Persons
             past
             Fifty
             ,
             of
             a
             florid
             Complexion
             ,
             and
             who
             breed
             Blood
             fast
             ]
             so
             a
             Water
             that
             is
             thus
             qualified
             ,
             of
             which
             I
             have
             given
             an
             instance
             ,
             may
             be
             reputed
             another
             Species
             ,
             and
             for
             its
             real
             use
             deserves
             well
             to
             be
             distinguish'd
             .
             The
             Salts
             which
             these
             weighty
             Waters
             extract
             from
             the
             Soil
             ,
             it
             is
             likely
             may
             vary
             very
             much
             ,
             yet
             having
             not
             found
             any
             of
             them
             to
             contain
             Salt-petre
             ,
             and
             the
             difference
             of
             their
             Virtues
             depending
             chiefly
             on
             their
             being
             more
             or
             less
             Alkalisat
             ,
             I
             ●ay
             not
             so
             muc●●●ight
             on
             those
             lesser
             Qualities
             ,
             as
             to
             distingu●●
             〈◊〉
             Waters
             by
             them
             ,
             though
             I
             take
             notice
             of
             the●
             〈◊〉
             the
             Essays
             of
             the
             Waters
             :
             But
             there
             are
             other
             Qualities
             that
             Waters
             may
             derive
             from
             the
             places
             where
             they
             run
             ,
             which
             are
             less
             sensible
             ,
             and
             may
             lye
             in
             some
             Motion
             or
             Texture
             (
             rather
             than
             in
             any
             Accession
             of
             Particles
             )
             that
             a
             particular
             Distemper
             or
             Constition
             ,
             besides
             what
             a
             tender
             one
             might
             ,
             may
             
             receive
             an
             Impression
             from
             ;
             these
             are
             Coldness
             and
             Hardness
             :
             And
             these
             are
             so
             considerable
             ,
             as
             to
             be
             allow'd
             by
             some
             Physicians
             rationally
             enough
             ,
             to
             have
             been
             the
             Cause
             of
             an
             Epilepsie
             ,
             that
             seiz'd
             a
             Gentlewoman
             ,
             whom
             I
             knew
             ,
             upon
             drinking
             for
             a
             Chlorosis
             a
             Water
             that
             issues
             from
             a
             Stone
             Quarry
             .
             Again
             ,
             as
             the
             Waters
             have
             d●●●erent
             Effects
             from
             their
             different
             Qualifications
             ,
             so
             they
             have
             some
             Effects
             in
             common
             from
             their
             common
             ,
             or
             general
             ,
             or
             more
             Essential
             ones
             .
             That
             which
             I
             shall
             take
             notice
             of
             here
             ,
             is
             the
             Prevention
             of
             the
             Generation
             of
             the
             Stone
             ;
             because
             their
             Pretention
             that
             makes
             them
             here
             Competitors
             ,
             is
             a
             Propriety
             of
             this
             Kind
             of
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
             which
             is
             explain'd
             in
             this
             History
             ,
             and
             confirms
             it
             ,
             and
             was
             never
             before
             discover'd
             or
             understood
             .
             The
             Purging
             Waters
             owing
             their
             Virtues
             wholly
             to
             their
             Salts
             ,
             are
             much
             more
             various
             in
             their
             Nature
             ,
             and
             the
             Ignorance
             of
             the
             different
             Nature
             of
             these
             Salts
             ,
             has
             made
             their
             different
             Effects
             unquestion'd
             ,
             and
             so
             hitherto
             to
             escape
             Observation
             ;
             and
             though
             the
             Subtilty
             and
             Fluxilness
             of
             some
             of
             these
             Salts
             ,
             and
             not
             of
             others
             ,
             may
             seem
             to
             most
             Men
             too
             slight
             to
             deserve
             Consideration
             ,
             and
             has
             neither
             been
             observ'd
             nor
             inquir'd
             into
             ;
             yet
             it
             is
             most
             certain
             ,
             that
             those
             very
             Qualities
             give
             the
             Waters
             a
             different
             Capacity
             .
             Epsom
             and
             Acton
             (
             which
             both
             bear
             only
             this
             kind
             of
             Salt
             ,
             that
             neither
             admits
             of
             Christallizing
             ,
             nor
             abides
             the
             Warmth
             of
             a
             Temperate
             Hand
             )
             on
             this
             Account
             ,
             as
             they
             are
             more
             Effectual
             in
             
             Grosser
             Bodies
             ,
             so
             in
             Leaner
             in
             the
             very
             same
             Cases
             prevail
             not
             ,
             nor
             agree
             :
             And
             on
             the
             same
             Score
             ,
             I
             have
             found
             them
             Effectual
             in
             some
             old
             Cholicks
             and
             Cramps
             ,
             where
             the
             Passages
             and
             Vessels
             that
             wanted
             cleansing
             were
             very
             small
             ,
             or
             the
             Matter
             glutinous
             or
             viscous
             .
             The
             same
             Qualifications
             which
             these
             Waters
             have
             for
             deterging
             ,
             and
             are
             conspicuous
             in
             the
             Galling
             of
             the
             Arcus
             and
             Urinary
             Passage
             ,
             that
             attends
             often
             the
             Operation
             of
             these
             Waters
             ,
             above
             what
             is
             usually
             observ'd
             in
             drinking
             the
             others
             ,
             may
             reasonably
             enough
             have
             an
             advantageous
             Use
             likewise
             in
             Ulcers
             of
             the
             Kidneys
             in
             a
             cautious
             and
             judicious
             Hand
             ;
             and
             they
             often
             have
             been
             by
             me
             observed
             to
             be
             successful
             in
             some
             Obstructions
             of
             them
             ;
             which
             together
             with
             the
             Inconvenience
             of
             an
             Ischuria
             ,
             that
             sometimes
             attends
             their
             improper
             or
             unseasonable
             Use
             ,
             makes
             this
             Consideration
             to
             merit
             our
             Attention
             ,
             and
             besides
             ,
             the
             Softness
             of
             the
             Salt
             I
             am
             speaking
             of
             ,
             may
             give
             rise
             to
             a
             Thought
             ,
             that
             some
             emollient
             or
             relaxing
             Quality
             may
             be
             communicated
             in
             some
             cases
             ,
             as
             in
             Melancholy
             for
             example
             ,
             above
             what
             other
             Waters
             can
             be
             expected
             to
             exert
             .
             But
             besides
             the
             Qualities
             now
             consider'd
             ,
             this
             History
             will
             inform
             us
             of
             Differences
             of
             the
             Salts
             of
             these
             Purging
             Waters
             in
             more
             essential
             Qualities
             ▪
             and
             that
             these
             are
             almost
             as
             many
             as
             the
             Waters
             ;
             whereof
             some
             few
             stand
             at
             such
             a
             distance
             ,
             as
             Alkalys
             and
             Sea-salt
             ;
             and
             their
             Virtues
             are
             so
             proportionably
             distant
             ,
             that
             till
             I
             consider'd
             ,
             that
             the
             Knowledge
             of
             the
             first
             ,
             assisted
             me
             in
             the
             
             Observation
             of
             the
             latter
             ,
             I
             was
             apt
             to
             wonder
             how
             so
             frequent
             Instances
             should
             slip
             the
             regard
             of
             even
             the
             most
             considerable
             Men
             ,
             it
             is
             familiar
             for
             Scorbutick
             Indispositions
             ,
             to
             be
             relievd
             by
             one
             Water
             and
             aggravated
             by
             another
             .
             I
             have
             known
             Instances
             of
             a
             Scorbutick
             Scabies
             ,
             and
             a
             Leprous
             Disease
             ,
             each
             increas'd
             by
             drinking
             the
             Water
             of
             Brentwood-weal
             ,
             which
             abated
             upon
             the
             use
             of
             
               Woodham
               Ferrys
            
             .
             And
             this
             is
             the
             clearer
             and
             fairer
             Example
             ,
             because
             both
             these
             Diseases
             have
             been
             effectually
             cured
             by
             Lambeth
             Water
             .
             And
             I
             may
             observe
             ,
             that
             this
             makes
             much
             for
             the
             Validity
             of
             this
             Account
             ,
             that
             the
             discoverable
             Qualities
             of
             the
             Salts
             of
             these
             Waters
             ,
             so
             justly
             correspond
             with
             their
             experimented
             Virtues
             ;
             for
             which
             reason
             in
             treating
             of
             those
             Waters
             now
             nam'd
             ,
             I
             have
             oppos'd
             or
             compar'd
             the
             Qualities
             of
             them
             to
             each
             other
             .
             Indeed
             ,
             though
             the
             clear
             and
             convincing
             Detection
             of
             their
             Differences
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             Salts
             they
             bear
             relation
             to
             ,
             be
             only
             subject
             to
             nice
             Essays
             ;
             yet
             they
             confess
             to
             the
             bare
             Taste
             wide
             differences
             ,
             some
             being
             Bitter
             ,
             more
             Saline
             some
             ,
             some
             Sweet
             ,
             some
             Insipid
             ,
             or
             near
             the
             Taste
             of
             common
             Water
             ,
             some
             have
             a
             Vitriolick
             Sweetness
             ,
             some
             are
             Austere
             ,
             &c.
             which
             hitherto
             has
             escap'd
             Observation
             :
             So
             that
             Mineral
             Waters
             seem
             one
             of
             the
             greatest
             as
             well
             as
             the
             most
             useful
             Branches
             of
             the
             
               Materia
               Medica
            
             .
             In
             sum
             ,
             It
             is
             by
             the
             understanding
             their
             Origine
             and
             Nature
             ,
             that
             we
             can
             ascertain
             Rules
             and
             distinguish
             Errors
             in
             taking
             them
             ,
             readily
             discover
             their
             proper
             Uses
             ,
             and
             by
             directing
             to
             other
             Cases
             and
             Distempers
             
             in
             which
             they
             may
             be
             applicable
             on
             the
             same
             Reason
             and
             Account
             ,
             may
             improve
             and
             advance
             their
             Virtues
             :
             And
             besides
             ,
             the
             least
             piece
             of
             Service
             this
             does
             in
             the
             recording
             their
             Uses
             ,
             and
             giving
             those
             Signs
             ,
             that
             may
             direct
             the
             Discovery
             of
             other
             Wells
             ,
             with
             the
             advantage
             of
             an
             Example
             to
             direct
             the
             proving
             them
             ,
             is
             not
             inconsiderable
             .
             The
             Benefit
             of
             all
             this
             ,
             that
             I
             may
             not
             seem
             to
             abound
             in
             my
             own
             Sense
             ,
             I
             shall
             give
             in
             the
             words
             of
             the
             Philosophical
             Transactions
             of
             the
             Royal
             Society
             .
             
               All
               which
               being
               consider'd
               ,
               
               we
               cannot
               but
               add
               ,
               That
               whoever
               discovers
               such
               Healing
               Waters
               ,
               and
               publickly
               prescribes
               the
               safe
               and
               right
               Use
               of
               them
               ,
               does
               really
               distribute
               larger
               and
               nobler
               Alms
               ,
               than
               if
               he
               built
               and
               endow'd
               a
               Savoy
               ;
               for
               this
               prolongs
               Life
               ,
               and
               restores
               Health
               (
               which
               is
               sometimes
               better
               than
               Life
               )
               both
               to
               Rich
               and
               Poor
               ,
               to
               Natives
               and
               Strangers
               ,
               to
               Neighbours
               and
               Travellers
               .
            
          
           
             According
             to
             this
             Design
             ,
             the
             History
             of
             these
             Waters
             will
             come
             under
             these
             three
             Heads
             ;
             The
             General
             History
             of
             them
             ;
             The
             Essays
             of
             the
             several
             Waters
             ,
             and
             then
             their
             Uses
             .
             I
             shall
             treat
             of
             these
             two
             Kinds
             of
             Waters
             distinctly
             ,
             and
             observe
             that
             order
             ,
             that
             Repetition
             may
             be
             avoided
             ,
             and
             the
             former
             parts
             of
             the
             Discourse
             may
             enlighten
             the
             latter
             .
          
           
             
             
               Of
               the
               Nature
               of
               Common
               Water
               .
            
             
               THere
               are
               many
               Questions
               ,
               which
               seem
               to
               lye
               in
               my
               way
               to
               be
               discuss'd
               ,
               as
               of
               the
               Origine
               of
               Springs
               ,
               Nature
               and
               Origine
               of
               Mineral
               Juyces
               and
               Vitriols
               ;
               Of
               the
               Causes
               of
               the
               Heat
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               &c.
               which
               the
               following
               History
               makes
               to
               disappear
               .
               I
               shall
               therefore
               avoid
               the
               Prolixity
               caused
               by
               such
               Disputes
               ,
               and
               only
               make
               some
               Remarks
               on
               the
               Affections
               and
               Nature
               of
               Simple
               or
               Common
               Water
               ,
               which
               may
               help
               us
               to
               the
               better
               conceiving
               of
               the
               Nature
               of
               Mineral
               ones
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               Waters
               receive
               their
               Salts
               of
               the
               Earths
               they
               wash
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Common
               Water
               holds
               no
               Metalline
               parts
               ,
               nor
               will
               receive
               any
               ;
               Mineral
               Acids
               being
               necessary
               for
               Vitriols
               :
               And
               though
               gravelly
               Waters
               ,
               just
               at
               their
               Eruption
               ,
               will
               take
               so
               much
               of
               an
               Iron
               as
               with
               Galls
               will
               make
               Ink
               ,
               yet
               that
               the
               Acidity
               belch'd
               up
               at
               those
               places
               is
               a
               distinct
               thing
               ,
               and
               not
               of
               the
               same
               Original
               ,
               is
               evident
               ,
               in
               that
               the
               Water
               looses
               that
               Quality
               a
               few
               Yards
               from
               the
               Spring
               ,
               and
               then
               ceases
               to
               take
               any
               discoverable
               Parts
               or
               Qualities
               from
               either
               Iron
               ,
               or
               Copper
               ,
               or
               Brass
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               All
               Waters
               flow
               on
               a
               Loam
               ,
               or
               fat
               heavy
               Earth
               ,
               such
               as
               Tiles
               are
               made
               of
               ,
               and
               there
               is
               a
               dead
               heavy
               sort
               of
               it
               ,
               known
               by
               its
               Blackness
               ,
               Weight
               and
               Stonyness
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               common
               Floor
               of
               Springs
               ,
               and
               is
               therefore
               call'd
               in
               Norfolk
               
               the
               Pan
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               beyond
               which
               no
               Pump-maker
               expects
               to
               find
               Water
               ,
               or
               attempts
               to
               dig
               for
               it
               :
               All
               the
               Earth
               above
               this
               approaches
               to
               a
               Nitre
               ,
               being
               so
               much
               the
               more
               Nitrous
               ,
               by
               how
               much
               more
               it
               is
               wrought
               on
               by
               the
               Sun
               and
               Air
               :
               Nitre
               being
               receiv'd
               as
               a
               Name
               for
               any
               Native
               Salt
               of
               the
               Superficial
               Earth
               ,
               by
               the
               Sun
               and
               Air
               produced
               or
               separated
               ,
               which
               is
               void
               of
               Metalline
               Parts
               and
               Nature
               ,
               and
               in
               differing
               Climates
               is
               advanc'd
               toward
               an
               Alkalisat
               or
               Urinous
               Salt
               ,
               in
               proportion
               to
               the
               Heat
               of
               the
               Country
               ,
               and
               Situation
               of
               the
               Soil
               .
               And
               I
               never
               found
               any
               Metalline
               Bodies
               or
               Juyces
               yet
               ,
               but
               what
               were
               embrac'd
               in
               Stone
               or
               Loam
               ,
               and
               not
               in
               Clays
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               Hence
               Waters
               that
               wash
               this
               upper
               Soil
               ,
               or
               Rivers
               and
               Springs
               that
               lye
               in
               Clays
               ,
               are
               Saline
               ;
               Gravelly
               Waters
               yield
               little
               besides
               some
               stony
               parts
               ,
               unless
               they
               have
               wash'd
               off
               some
               Salt
               from
               Neighbouring
               Soils
               ;
               which
               discovers
               its
               Original
               in
               the
               Essays
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Not
               to
               take
               notice
               of
               the
               Qualities
               of
               Humecting
               or
               Moistning
               ,
               &c.
               the
               most
               considerable
               Affection
               of
               Water
               is
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               void
               of
               Elasticity
               and
               igneous
               Particles
               ,
               and
               unapt
               to
               Fermentation
               .
            
             
               Yet
               these
               Observations
               of
               mine
               ,
               I
               offer
               not
               otherwise
               ,
               than
               to
               submit
               them
               for
               better
               Judgment
               and
               Experience
               to
               inquire
               into
               .
            
             
               The
               Waters
               under
               Examination
               are
               the
               Saline
               ,
               namely
               ,
               The
               Purging
               ones
               ,
               and
               the
               Acidulae
               or
               Chalybeat
               ones
               :
               Of
               these
               first
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             PART
             I.
             
          
           
             Of
             the
             Chalybeat
             Waters
             of
             England
             .
          
           
             THE
             Chalybeat
             Waters
             are
             preferable
             not
             only
             for
             Antiquity
             of
             Discovery
             ,
             but
             also
             for
             Virtue
             ,
             being
             an
             effectual
             Refuge
             for
             many
             deplorable
             Diseases
             that
             no
             other
             Remedy
             prevails
             in
             :
             They
             are
             quick
             Springs
             ,
             ever
             flowing
             in
             a
             Sand
             or
             Gravel
             .
             I
             shall
             first
             state
             their
             Characteristicks
             ,
             or
             Signs
             by
             which
             they
             are
             distinguish'd
             from
             other
             Waters
             ;
             and
             then
             explain
             those
             Circumstantial
             Signs
             ,
             and
             their
             Reasons
             ,
             in
             an
             account
             of
             their
             Nature
             .
          
           
             Their
             Characteristicks
             are
             ,
          
           
             1.
             
             To
             shew
             the
             Mineral
             they
             bear
             (
             which
             is
             Steele
             )
             in
             their
             Taste
             ,
             and
             with
             Galls
             ,
             to
             evidence
             it
             in
             the
             blew
             or
             purplish
             black
             Colour
             proper
             to
             Vitriols
             of
             Iron
             ,
             as
             also
             by
             dropping
             a
             Ferrugineous
             Ocre
             at
             the
             Spring
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             second
             is
             ,
             The
             Lightness
             of
             the
             Spirit
             that
             holds
             the
             Tincture
             ,
             which
             vanishes
             upon
             exposing
             to
             the
             Air
             ,
             and
             leaves
             the
             Water
             without
             the
             Mineral
             Tincture
             .
             The
             lightness
             of
             this
             Spirit
             so
             affects
             those
             Waters
             of
             this
             kind
             that
             are
             more
             void
             of
             Salt
             ,
             as
             to
             render
             them
             lighter
             than
             Rain-water
             distill'd
             .
          
           
           
             3.
             
             The
             Spring
             ever
             proceeds
             from
             a
             Rock
             usually
             consisting
             of
             gravelly
             Stones
             cemented
             together
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             If
             it
             joyn
             any
             other
             common
             Water
             immediately
             near
             the
             Fountain
             ,
             it
             thence
             incrusts
             the
             Stones
             and
             Sticks
             ,
             which
             it
             washe●
             ,
             with
             a
             Mortar-like
             crust
             The
             notice
             of
             this
             Incrustation
             has
             made
             many
             Learned
             Men
             ,
             and
             particularly
             
               Dom●
               Panarolus
            
             ,
             
             erroneously
             to
             entertain
             an
             ill
             Opinion
             of
             the
             Water
             ,
             because
             (
             as
             he
             observed
             in
             that
             four
             Miles
             from
             
               Rome
               ,
               extra
               Portam
               hostiensem
               vulgo
               S.
               Pauli
               )
            
             of
             the
             stony
             Matter
             the
             Water
             leaves
             where
             it
             passes
             ,
             and
             this
             through
             the
             Mistake
             that
             this
             Matter
             is
             in
             the
             Water
             at
             the
             Spring
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             To
             bear
             an
             Oyly
             or
             Bituminous
             Film
             on
             it
             like
             a
             Scum.
             
          
           
             6.
             
             To
             give
             a
             Green
             upon
             the
             Mixture
             of
             Syrup
             of
             Violets
             .
          
           
             These
             Waters
             differ
             on
             account
             of
             the
             Salt
             of
             the
             Water
             ,
             in
             the
             Quantity
             or
             Quality
             of
             it
             ,
             or
             proportion
             of
             the
             Steel
             they
             bear
             ;
             and
             so
             may
             not
             have
             the
             second
             Qualification
             which
             is
             proper
             to
             the
             simple
             ones
             .
             For
             the
             Nature
             and
             Reason
             of
             these
             Waters
             ,
             we
             must
             examine
             these
             particulars
             ,
             not
             only
             since
             most
             of
             them
             are
             the
             Indexes
             ,
             but
             also
             are
             effected
             by
             the
             Essential
             Properties
             of
             these
             Waters
             ;
             and
             shew
             the
             Metalline
             parts
             ,
             and
             the
             Nature
             of
             the
             Menstruum
             or
             Spirit
             .
             The
             Metal
             is
             evident
             from
             the
             blew
             black
             they
             take
             with
             Galls
             ,
             from
             the
             Taste
             ,
             
             and
             lastly
             the
             Okar
             which
             it
             casts
             out
             at
             the
             opening
             of
             the
             Spring
             ,
             which
             calcin'd
             with
             Salt
             ,
             and
             expos'd
             to
             the
             Air
             ,
             shews
             none
             of
             the
             Verdigreese
             Colour
             that
             Hungarian
             Vitriol
             gives
             upon
             the
             same
             Trial.
             The
             Menstruum
             ,
             or
             Spirit
             ,
             is
             a
             distinct
             thing
             from
             the
             Salt
             of
             them
             ,
             and
             of
             a
             differing
             Original
             ,
             being
             contrary
             in
             Nature
             ,
             not
             held
             by
             it
             ,
             and
             being
             found
             in
             those
             Waters
             that
             want
             the
             Salt
             ,
             for
             the
             Salt
             of
             those
             that
             have
             any
             ,
             is
             wash'd
             from
             the
             Earth
             by
             the
             Water
             ,
             and
             the
             Spirit
             is
             only
             a
             Steam
             that
             comes
             along
             with
             the
             Gravel
             .
             The
             Spirit
             ,
             or
             Menstruum
             ,
             that
             bears
             this
             Tincture
             ,
             is
             Volatile
             ,
             and
             continues
             not
             with
             the
             Water
             many
             hours
             ,
             (
             scarce
             well
             one
             in
             the
             light
             sort
             )
             though
             well
             cork'd
             up
             .
             What
             effect
             Hermetick
             Seal
             might
             have
             ,
             I
             never
             had
             encouragement
             to
             attempt
             ,
             as
             never
             believing
             that
             a
             fair
             Trial
             ,
             where
             the
             power
             of
             the
             Fire
             came
             so
             near
             and
             so
             naked
             ,
             and
             the
             Chalybeat
             Waters
             that
             abound
             with
             Salt
             are
             often
             Nitrous
             ,
             and
             so
             may
             mortifie
             the
             Spirituous
             Acid
             ,
             which
             may
             make
             it
             in
             vain
             look'd
             for
             in
             the
             Receiver
             :
             This
             I
             mention
             for
             caution
             sake
             ;
             for
             that
             this
             Spirit
             is
             Volatile
             ,
             yet
             that
             it
             can
             be
             detain'd
             by
             a
             cover
             of
             Oyl
             for
             ten
             days
             ,
             I
             lately
             try'd
             with
             a
             Light
             Chalybeat
             at
             Felstead
             .
             The
             Original
             of
             this
             Vapour
             is
             pointed
             out
             to
             be
             low
             ,
             and
             to
             proceed
             with
             all
             Gravel
             ;
             as
             is
             evident
             in
             free
             Springs
             ,
             that
             upon
             laying
             Iron
             at
             the
             Eruption
             of
             them
             ,
             will
             Tinge
             with
             Galls
             ,
             which
             power
             the
             Water
             loses
             at
             a
             Rods
             distance
             ;
             but
             in
             these
             it
             is
             less
             in
             Quantity
             .
          
           
           
             The
             Nature
             of
             this
             Spirit
             is
             Vitriolick
             :
             They
             disturb
             not
             a
             Solution
             of
             Sublimate
             in
             fair
             Water
             ,
             and
             with
             
               Lignum
               Nephriticum
            
             thicken
             a
             little
             with
             a
             Cloud
             ,
             but
             do
             not
             the
             least
             change
             yellowish
             as
             Pump-water
             and
             Nitrous
             ,
             but
             near
             that
             of
             a
             Solution
             of
             Vitriol
             ,
             or
             its
             Spirit
             upon
             the
             same
             ,
             though
             scarce
             so
             clear
             ,
             because
             all
             these
             Waters
             have
             a
             touch
             of
             the
             Salt
             of
             the
             Soyl
             ,
             as
             appears
             in
             the
             green
             with
             Syrup
             of
             Violets
             .
             They
             all
             likewise
             render
             a
             Solution
             of
             
               Sal
               Saturni
            
             in
             fair
             Water
             milky
             ,
             by
             which
             the
             Spirit
             is
             distinguish'd
             from
             Saltpetre
             or
             its
             Spirit
             .
             Note
             ,
             That
             though
             these
             Tryals
             are
             fairly
             made
             ,
             only
             in
             the
             lighter
             simpler
             Waters
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             make
             a
             Judgment
             of
             them
             ,
             yet
             they
             hold
             in
             the
             heavier
             Waters
             ,
             except
             that
             Tryal
             with
             
               Lignum
               Nephriticum
            
             ,
             in
             which
             they
             discover
             their
             Salt
             ,
             by
             the
             yellow
             colour
             they
             give
             .
             Now
             the
             Nature
             of
             Salt
             of
             Vitriol
             appears
             upon
             examination
             ,
             to
             differ
             very
             little
             from
             common
             Salt
             (
             if
             any
             thing
             )
             more
             than
             in
             the
             Qualities
             impress'd
             in
             it
             by
             the
             Metal
             ;
             and
             it
             is
             worth
             our
             notice
             ,
             that
             Vitriols
             and
             Nitres
             precipitate
             each
             other
             ,
             being
             the
             Product
             of
             two
             several
             Regions
             ;
             which
             will
             enlighten
             to
             the
             Understanding
             the
             next
             Particulars
             observ'd
             to
             attend
             these
             Waters
             .
          
           
             The
             Earth
             and
             Soyl
             of
             these
             Springs
             ,
             is
             ever
             a
             Sand
             or
             Gravel
             ,
             and
             the
             Water
             issues
             from
             ,
             or
             rather
             makes
             ,
             a
             Rock
             of
             cemented
             Stones
             ,
             which
             are
             never
             to
             be
             found
             ,
             but
             where
             the
             Water
             is
             Vitriolick
             .
             This
             sort
             of
             Rock
             is
             open
             
             to
             view
             at
             Tunbridge
             ,
             and
             has
             never
             yet
             fail'd
             ,
             where
             the
             Ground
             in
             which
             these
             Springs
             are
             found
             has
             been
             open'd
             ,
             as
             at
             
               Notly
               ,
               Felstead
            
             ,
             and
             other
             lesser
             Springs
             .
             I
             am
             apt
             to
             think
             that
             Iron
             may
             have
             a
             particular
             Qualification
             for
             the
             cementing
             of
             Earth
             and
             Stone
             ,
             but
             that
             I
             may
             follow
             my
             subject
             more
             closely
             ,
             I
             shall
             only
             consider
             it
             as
             the
             next
             Particular
             illustrates
             it
             .
          
           
             These
             Waters
             ,
             when
             they
             joyn
             another
             Water
             ,
             at
             least
             a
             gravelly
             one
             ,
             e'er
             they
             have
             ran
             so
             far
             as
             to
             lose
             their
             Spirit
             ,
             precipitate
             a
             Mortar-like
             substance
             ,
             wherewith
             they
             incrust
             the
             Stones
             and
             Sticks
             they
             pass
             over
             .
             That
             this
             stony
             Matter
             is
             precipitated
             out
             of
             other
             Waters
             which
             flow
             into
             it
             by
             the
             Virtue
             of
             this
             Water
             ,
             and
             proceeds
             not
             from
             the
             Chalybear
             Water
             it self
             ,
             beside
             the
             Argument
             that
             may
             be
             drawn
             from
             the
             Lightness
             in
             weight
             of
             the
             Chalybeat
             ,
             appears
             fully
             demonstrated
             at
             many
             Springs
             ,
             indeed
             ▪
             at
             all
             ,
             where
             the
             rill
             of
             common
             Water
             runs
             along
             the
             side
             of
             the
             Soyl
             whence
             the
             Chalybeat
             issues
             ,
             especially
             when
             it
             is
             in
             a
             Meadow
             (
             as
             it
             was
             at
             Felstead
             where
             I
             first
             observ'd
             it
             )
             no
             Incrustation
             or
             Precipitation
             of
             stony
             Matter
             being
             to
             be
             found
             either
             in
             the
             Meadow
             where
             the
             Chalybeat
             lyes
             ,
             or
             above
             before
             the
             other
             Water
             joyns
             it
             .
             The
             Water
             I
             now
             nam'd
             ,
             is
             one
             of
             the
             light
             sort
             ,
             being
             near
             ten
             Grains
             in
             seven
             Ounces
             lighter
             than
             common
             Water
             ,
             and
             the
             Water
             that
             joyns
             it
             a
             hard
             gravelly
             one
             ,
             which
             with
             Tincture
             of
             Logwood
             gave
             a
             Rasberry
             red
             as
             Acids
             ,
             which
             is
             not
             
             amiss
             to
             mention
             .
             The
             Reason
             which
             I
             intimated
             above
             ,
             to
             be
             from
             the
             differing
             Natures
             of
             Nitres
             and
             Vitriols
             ,
             may
             help
             make
             this
             intelligible
             .
             The
             Lightness
             in
             weight
             of
             the
             Chalybeat
             Waters
             ,
             that
             as
             they
             are
             void
             of
             Salt
             ,
             may
             properly
             enough
             be
             said
             to
             be
             more
             simple
             ,
             is
             owing
             to
             the
             same
             Cause
             ,
             and
             proves
             the
             same
             thing
             ,
             being
             not
             from
             difference
             of
             the
             Season
             ,
             as
             is
             usually
             judg'd
             ,
             which
             can
             never
             make
             it
             lighter
             than
             even
             that
             Rain-water
             distill'd
             ,
             that
             must
             render
             it
             so
             ;
             but
             from
             the
             Depuration
             it
             has
             receiv'd
             by
             the
             Precipitation
             of
             the
             Earthy
             parts
             :
             And
             the
             Property
             is
             the
             same
             by
             which
             these
             Waters
             even
             in
             Human
             or
             Animal
             Bodies
             Cure
             the
             Stone
             ,
             by
             removing
             the
             Disposition
             to
             it
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             early
             Precipitation
             of
             the
             Matter
             ;
             and
             this
             Virtue
             in
             the
             Waters
             is
             so
             constant
             ,
             as
             to
             have
             made
             them
             Famous
             in
             this
             particular
             .
             The
             last
             considerable
             Sign
             and
             Attendant
             of
             these
             Waters
             ,
             is
             the
             Bituminous
             Scum
             appearing
             on
             them
             ,
             how
             far
             the
             fatness
             of
             the
             Earth
             of
             these
             Waters
             is
             assisting
             in
             separating
             this
             Spirit
             ,
             or
             whether
             it
             is
             the
             Effect
             of
             it
             ,
             is
             not
             plain
             ,
             nor
             very
             material
             to
             learn
             :
             That
             it
             is
             of
             the
             Nature
             of
             common
             Salt
             ,
             to
             assist
             in
             the
             Separation
             of
             Oyly
             parts
             ,
             is
             evident
             in
             pickling
             Roses
             ,
             and
             distilling
             Oyls
             ,
             but
             whether
             it
             be
             from
             this
             ,
             or
             the
             Putridness
             of
             the
             Soyl
             and
             Earth
             ,
             I
             shall
             submit
             ,
             and
             leave
             .
          
           
             These
             Waters
             differ
             not
             only
             in
             Degrees
             of
             Hardness
             and
             Coldness
             ,
             which
             is
             best
             taken
             notice
             of
             in
             the
             Examination
             of
             each
             
             Water
             ,
             but
             may
             be
             distinguish'd
             into
             these
             two
             Heads
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             The
             Light
             ones
             ,
             which
             have
             more
             of
             the
             Spirituous
             Parts
             of
             the
             Vitrioline
             Spirit
             ,
             and
             more
             Simply
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             Heavy
             ones
             ,
             that
             contain
             a
             Salt
             approaching
             to
             a
             Nitre
             ,
             or
             is
             Nitrous
             .
          
           
             Of
             the
             Heavy
             ones
             first
             ,
             and
             then
             I
             ascend
             to
             the
             Lighter
             ,
             which
             thereby
             may
             be
             illustrated
             .
          
           
             
               The
               First
               Class
               .
            
             
               Chalybeat
               Waters
               that
               contain
               a
               Nitrous
               Salt
               ,
               and
               equal
               at
               least
               common
               Water
               in
               weight
               .
            
             
               THE
               Salt
               of
               these
               Waters
               I
               conclude
               to
               be
               owing
               to
               the
               Soyle
               ,
               because
               it
               is
               found
               to
               be
               of
               the
               same
               Nature
               ,
               and
               has
               some
               Differences
               ,
               but
               those
               being
               small
               ,
               I
               omit
               ,
               and
               forbear
               insisting
               upon
               them
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               general
               Design
               of
               the
               use
               of
               Chalybeats
               ,
               these
               Nitrous
               Waters
               are
               not
               so
               Effectual
               ,
               and
               the
               more
               Nitrous
               the
               worse
               ,
               by
               which
               I
               mean
               ,
               the
               more
               Alkalisat
               ;
               which
               is
               easily
               prov'd
               ,
               by
               the
               early
               Precipitation
               of
               the
               Black
               ,
               and
               the
               change
               towards
               a
               Green
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               Effect
               of
               Alkalys
               with
               Ink
               ,
               though
               at
               first
               they
               change
               the
               Blew
               Black
               into
               a
               Purple
               .
               The
               Characteristick
               Notes
               
               of
               these
               Waters
               ,
               beside
               the
               weight
               ,
               are
               ,
               to
               drop
               the
               Inky
               colour
               they
               receive
               with
               Gall
               ,
               to
               take
               a
               high
               colour
               with
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               ,
               and
               when
               the
               Water
               has
               stood
               to
               be
               effete
               ,
               it
               will
               not
               precipitate
               Silver
               out
               of
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               .
               I
               have
               not
               found
               any
               of
               this
               kind
               so
               fully
               Nitrous
               or
               Alkalisat
               ,
               as
               to
               trouble
               a
               Solution
               of
               Sublimate
               ,
               much
               less
               to
               precipitate
               it
               Yellow
               ,
               (
               both
               which
               indeed
               are
               inconsistent
               with
               Vitriols
               )
               nor
               any
               that
               bear
               a
               Salt
               of
               the
               Nature
               of
               Saltpetre
               .
            
          
           
             
               A
               Water
               in
               a
               Field
               adjoyning
               to
               the
               Right
               Honourable
               the
               Earl
               of
               Manchester's
               Place
               ,
               at
               Leez
               in
               Essex
               .
            
             
               THis
               Spring
               is
               in
               a
               Gravel
               ,
               and
               is
               so
               small
               as
               to
               be
               considerable
               ,
               only
               in
               that
               it
               is
               in
               a
               breeding
               Pond
               .
               This
               Water
               disturbs
               not
               a
               Solution
               of
               Sublimate
               in
               fair
               Water
               ,
               it
               render'd
               milky
               a
               Solution
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Saturni
              
               ,
               by
               which
               it
               distinguish'd
               it self
               from
               Saltpetre
               ,
               but
               yet
               not
               much
               more
               than
               Saltpetres
               second
               Salt
               does
               .
               With
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               it
               gave
               a
               pale
               Yellow
               and
               not
               fine
               ,
               exactly
               the
               colour
               of
               small
               Beer
               ,
               which
               at
               four
               days
               end
               precipitated
               so
               as
               to
               leave
               just
               the
               top
               of
               the
               Liquor
               clear
               .
               The
               Water
               kept
               till
               it
               had
               lost
               its
               Spirit
               ,
               and
               with
               that
               its
               power
               of
               striking
               black
               with
               Gall
               (
               which
               was
               24
               hours
               )
               essay'd
               with
               Gall
               ,
               was
               thick
               
               and
               dirty
               white
               ,
               which
               precipitated
               in
               the
               former
               Experiment
               ,
               shewing
               an
               Affinity
               with
               common
               Salt
               ,
               in
               this
               with
               Nitrous
               .
               It
               is
               much
               of
               the
               weight
               of
               common
               Water
               ,
               and
               takes
               a
               blew
               black
               with
               Galls
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               Water
               at
               Witham
               in
               Essex
               ,
               in
               Sir
               Edward
               Southcot's
               Ground
               .
            
             
               WITH
               Gall
               a
               deep
               Purple
               turning
               to
               Ink
               ,
               not
               very
               clear
               ;
               and
               with
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               a
               faint
               dull
               reddish
               .
               I
               judged
               this
               to
               have
               more
               of
               the
               nature
               of
               the
               Salt
               of
               common
               Water
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               Spirit
               of
               this
               Water
               to
               be
               a
               little
               finer
               than
               the
               other
               sort
               ,
               which
               give
               a
               direct
               Black
               with
               Gall
               ,
               because
               distill'd
               Acids
               give
               this
               Red.
               The
               Red
               that
               Alkalys
               give
               turns
               greenish
               upon
               standing
               ,
               these
               Waters
               are
               all
               inclin'd
               to
               the
               same
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               Chalybeat
               Water
               of
               Knarsborough
               in
               Yorkshire
               .
            
             
               KNarsborough
               Water
               ,
               as
               Dr.
               French
               relates
               ,
               is
               of
               a
               Vitrioline
               Taste
               and
               Odour
               ;
               The
               Water
               riseth
               in
               a
               moorish
               boggy
               Ground
               (
               within
               
               less
               than
               half
               a
               Mile
               from
               which
               ,
               there
               is
               no
               considerable
               Ascent
               )
               and
               springeth
               directly
               up
               from
               the
               Sandy
               bottom
               .
               It
               is
               of
               the
               same
               weight
               with
               common
               Spring
               Water
               :
               The
               colour
               with
               Syrup
               of
               Violets
               is
               much
               the
               same
               as
               in
               the
               Chalybeat
               Waters
               at
               Islington
               and
               Hamstead
               ;
               not
               so
               intense
               as
               in
               Tunbridge
               or
               the
               
                 German
                 Spa
              
               ,
               as
               the
               Learned
               Dr.
               
                 Tancred
                 Robinson
              
               ,
               my
               Informer
               ,
               prov'd
               it
               at
               the
               Spring
               .
               And
               as
               this
               colour
               is
               not
               so
               deep
               as
               that
               made
               by
               Vitriols
               ,
               so
               the
               residuous
               dark
               colour'd
               Earth
               ,
               after
               Evaporation
               ,
               was
               insipid
               .
               The
               pitch
               of
               the
               Volatility
               of
               the
               Spirituous
               part
               of
               this
               Water
               is
               observable
               ,
               in
               that
               it
               tinctur'd
               with
               Powder
               of
               Galls
               at
               two
               days
               end
               ,
               and
               suffer'd
               not
               by
               Warming
               ,
               yet
               lost
               that
               Quality
               wholly
               in
               Distilling
               .
               Neither
               does
               this
               Water
               coagulate
               Milk
               :
               The
               Redness
               that
               this
               Water
               takes
               with
               Galls
               ,
               is
               effected
               by
               spirituous
               or
               distill'd
               Acids
               ,
               unmix'd
               with
               gross
               Salt
               ,
               of
               the
               Soyle
               of
               a
               Forreign
               Nature
               ,
               which
               would
               disturb
               the
               Colour
               ;
               and
               the
               larger
               Proportion
               of
               the
               Acid
               to
               the
               Steel
               ,
               or
               the
               very
               small
               quantity
               of
               the
               last
               may
               effect
               it
               .
               But
               the
               Quantity
               of
               the
               Acid
               Spirit
               must
               be
               judg'd
               here
               to
               be
               considerable
               .
               For
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               Acidity
               ,
               I
               have
               before
               distinguish'd
               it
               by
               the
               Effects
               ,
               and
               so
               need
               here
               only
               observe
               it
               to
               be
               Vitrioline
               ,
               or
               of
               the
               Nature
               of
               Spirit
               of
               Vitriol
               ;
               which
               is
               Essential
               to
               the
               Precipitations
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Marks-Hall
               Water
               in
               Essex
               .
            
             
               THIS
               Water
               joyning
               another
               in
               crusts
               ,
               as
               do
               the
               rest
               ,
               it
               is
               much
               the
               same
               with
               the
               preceding
               ,
               containing
               little
               Steel
               ,
               but
               a
               large
               share
               of
               an
               Acid
               not
               so
               Fugitive
               ,
               as
               where
               it
               is
               in
               less
               quantity
               or
               ill
               coupled
               with
               a
               Salt
               :
               It
               gave
               a
               bright
               Red
               a
               very
               little
               purplish
               ,
               not
               so
               deep
               as
               the
               preceding
               .
               The
               Colour
               it
               advanc'd
               with
               Gall
               ,
               it
               lost
               again
               two
               days
               after
               ,
               without
               Precipitation
               of
               any
               Ferrugineous
               parts
               ,
               in
               which
               it
               differs
               from
               other
               Chalybeats
               .
               It
               rendred
               a
               Solution
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Saturni
              
               troubled
               ,
               but
               not
               very
               milky
               ,
               much
               as
               the
               rest
               ;
               and
               it
               tinctur'd
               a
               high
               Yellow
               with
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               as
               do
               Nitres
               ,
               and
               a
               little
               clouded
               :
               It
               weigh'd
               likewise
               as
               the
               other
               ,
               just
               the
               weight
               of
               common
               Water
               .
            
          
           
             
               Ilmington
               Water
               in
               Warwickshire
               .
            
             
               THIS
               Water
               of
               Ilmington
               being
               of
               the
               same
               heavy
               kind
               ,
               and
               which
               (
               as
               I
               observe
               above
               )
               require
               less
               Accuracy
               ,
               I
               shall
               give
               the
               Examination
               of
               it
               ,
               out
               of
               Dr.
               
               Derham's
               Account
               of
               it
               :
               With
               Syrup
               of
               Violets
               it
               turned
               Green
               ;
               with
               Galls
               Purple
               ,
               like
               Martial
               Vitrioline
               Waters
               :
               It
               exceeded
               common
               Water
               in
               weight
               near
               half
               a
               Dram
               in
               a
               Pint
               ,
               being
               weigh'd
               in
               a
               
               dry
               Season
               .
               Indeed
               it
               is
               much
               the
               heaviest
               of
               this
               kind
               in
               England
               ,
               (
               for
               it
               purges
               not
               as
               he
               informs
               us
               p.
               53.
               but
               by
               Urine
               .
               )
               However
               ,
               That
               it
               cannot
               vie
               with
               the
               lighter
               Chalybeats
               in
               Virtue
               ,
               I
               shall
               explain
               in
               treating
               of
               their
               Virtues
               .
            
             
               The
               Water
               in
               an
               open
               Bottle
               drop'd
               its
               Ocre
               ,
               and
               with
               that
               its
               power
               of
               Tinging
               with
               Galls
               in
               twelve
               hours
               time
               (
               that
               is
               )
               a
               great
               part
               of
               it
               ,
               which
               it
               did
               not
               begin
               to
               do
               in
               a
               Bottle
               well
               stop'd
               under
               a
               Fortnight
               ,
               p.
               88.
               
            
             
               It
               yielded
               a
               Salt
               of
               an
               irregular
               shape
               ,
               upon
               the
               residue
               after
               distilling
               Acid
               Spirits
               ,
               wrought
               with
               great
               Effervescence
               ,
               and
               not
               Alkalysat
               ,
               p.
               82.
               
            
             
               The
               Salt
               was
               pale
               ,
               and
               would
               not
               flagrate
               ,
               p.
               60.
               nor
               coagulate
               Milk
               ,
               p.
               77.
               
               The
               Earth
               like
               Red
               Ocar
               ,
               and
               is
               contain'd
               in
               great
               quantity
               ,
               a
               Quart
               yielding
               near
               a
               Spoonsul
               .
            
             
               It
               appears
               hence
               ,
               that
               the
               Salt
               of
               this
               Water
               is
               of
               an
               Alkalisat
               Nature
               ,
               and
               that
               it
               differs
               from
               the
               Salt
               of
               Fat
               ,
               Mellow
               or
               Loamy
               Earths
               ,
               which
               Purge
               ,
               as
               we
               shall
               find
               in
               the
               latter
               part
               of
               this
               History
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Aylesham
               Water
               in
               the
               County
               of
               Norfolk
               .
            
             
               THIS
               Water
               is
               in
               a
               Gravel
               ,
               it
               has
               prevail'd
               in
               Fame
               and
               Resort
               over
               Oulton
               Water
               in
               the
               same
               County
               ,
               which
               is
               a
               lighter
               and
               far
               more
               effectual
               Water
               ,
               partly
               from
               the
               more
               convenient
               Situation
               of
               the
               place
               ,
               and
               partly
               from
               the
               wrong
               Estimate
               that
               is
               made
               of
               Chalybeat
               Waters
               ,
               by
               those
               that
               jndge
               of
               their
               Goodness
               by
               the
               depth
               of
               their
               Tinging
               with
               Galls
               .
               It
               is
               heavier
               a
               little
               than
               ordinary
               Gravel
               Water
               ;
               with
               Galls
               or
               Oken
               leaves
               takes
               a
               blew
               black
               ,
               and
               makes
               a
               direct
               Ink
               ;
               as
               do
               those
               Waters
               whose
               Salt
               has
               somewhat
               of
               the
               Nature
               of
               common
               Salt.
               
            
             
               That
               the
               Metalline
               parts
               of
               these
               Waters
               are
               purely
               Chalybeat
               ,
               I
               inform'd
               my self
               not
               in
               all
               but
               in
               some
               ,
               as
               that
               at
               Leez
               ,
               and
               some
               other
               smaller
               ones
               ,
               by
               exposing
               to
               the
               Air
               the
               subsident
               Okar
               ,
               lightly
               calcin'd
               with
               Sea-salt
               ,
               which
               would
               discover
               Copper
               if
               any
               were
               in
               it
               ;
               and
               besides
               by
               the
               colour
               they
               give
               upon
               Tryals
               with
               Gall
               ,
               the
               blew
               black
               colour
               being
               proper
               to
               Vitriol
               of
               Iron
               .
            
             
               The
               lesser
               Springs
               of
               this
               kind
               are
               very
               numerous
               ,
               in
               Gravelly
               Countries
               scarce
               a
               Village
               without
               one
               ;
               upon
               the
               preceding
               Instances
               of
               them
               ,
               I
               shall
               make
               Observation
               of
               their
               differences
               ,
               and
               the
               Classes
               they
               must
               be
               reduc'd
               into
               ,
               whereinto
               yet
               I
               did
               not
               adventure
               to
               digest
               
               them
               ,
               lest
               in
               the
               Sense
               of
               others
               the
               difference
               should
               appear
               only
               gradual
               .
            
             
               These
               weighty
               Waters
               are
               either
               ,
               1.
               the
               more
               pure
               and
               simple
               Acidulae
               ,
               which
               bear
               less
               of
               the
               Steel
               ;
               retain
               their
               Acidity
               longer
               ,
               and
               have
               not
               their
               colour
               with
               Gall
               dark
               or
               disturb●d
               ,
               as
               the
               other
               sort
               ,
               nor
               contain
               any
               Salt
               collectible
               ;
               of
               this
               sort
               seems
               Knaresborough
               ,
               and
               (
               which
               is
               yet
               the
               higher
               of
               this
               kind
               )
               
                 Marks
                 hall
              
               Water
               ,
               which
               gives
               a
               thin
               and
               bright
               Red
               with
               Gall
               ,
               scarce
               beyond
               a
               Rasberry
               ,
               and
               loseeh
               its
               quality
               of
               Tinging
               without
               Precipitation
               of
               Okar
               ,
               is
               of
               a
               pleasing
               acid
               Taste
               ,
               as
               it
               were
               winy
               ,
               and
               yet
               gives
               not
               the
               proof
               with
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               that
               Vitriols
               do
               ,
               or
               Spirit
               of
               Salt
               ,
               but
               thickish
               reddish
               and
               cloudy
               ,
               as
               the
               Seminitrous
               Salt
               shot
               in
               Cellars
               .
            
             
               Or
               2ly
               Atramentous
               ,
               which
               give
               a
               full
               Black
               with
               Gall
               ,
               and
               with
               respect
               to
               the
               colour
               they
               give
               ,
               they
               are
               either
               blewish
               or
               reddish
               ;
               the
               reddish
               ,
               as
               that
               at
               Wittham
               ,
               kept
               a
               Week
               ,
               will
               be
               thickish
               and
               turbid
               with
               Gall
               ,
               but
               disturb
               not
               a
               Solution
               of
               fine
               Silver
               in
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               ,
               which
               the
               Leez
               Water
               (
               which
               gives
               a
               blew
               black
               )
               being
               more
               related
               to
               common
               Salt
               ,
               did
               in
               a
               great
               measure
               precipitate
               .
            
             
               Another
               difference
               that
               is
               considerable
               in
               these
               Waters
               ,
               is
               the
               bulk
               or
               quantity
               of
               Salt
               they
               contain
               ,
               as
               the
               Illmington
               Water
               proves
               ,
               which
               is
               not
               only
               much
               heavier
               than
               other
               Waters
               ,
               but
               varies
               in
               its
               Effects
               ,
               and
               equally
               to
               the
               grossness
               of
               the
               Salt
               ,
               neither
               reaches
               the
               recesses
               
               of
               Nature
               so
               far
               ,
               nor
               passes
               so
               well
               .
            
             
               To
               obviate
               some
               Objections
               ,
               I
               shall
               observe
               ,
               that
               the
               Reason
               why
               these
               Waters
               ,
               which
               are
               equally
               with
               the
               other
               sort
               capacitated
               to
               precipitate
               the
               earthly
               parts
               out
               of
               gravelly
               Water
               ,
               are
               not
               likewise
               equally
               qualified
               with
               Lightness
               by
               the
               same
               Vitrioline
               Spirit
               ,
               is
               ,
               because
               the
               Salt
               of
               these
               Waters
               is
               so
               far
               Vitrioline
               ,
               as
               to
               be
               apt
               to
               joyn
               a
               Chalybeat
               Acid
               and
               consist
               with
               it
               ;
               but
               yet
               to
               be
               separated
               by
               Heat
               ;
               and
               is
               in
               some
               small
               measure
               of
               Nature
               ,
               the
               same
               with
               that
               which
               is
               an
               Ingredient
               in
               Vitriols
               ;
               for
               the
               Liquor
               of
               Vitriols
               ,
               if
               boyl'd
               with
               too
               great
               a
               Fire
               ,
               will
               precipitate
               their
               Ferrugineous
               parts
               ,
               which
               the
               Boylers
               cure
               by
               adding
               more
               Iron
               to
               it
               :
               And
               these
               Waters
               ,
               after
               they
               have
               drop'd
               the
               Okar
               ,
               and
               cease
               to
               tinge
               Galls
               ,
               with
               Iron
               will
               become
               Atramentous
               again
               ,
               the
               first
               Alteration
               being
               chiefly
               perform'd
               by
               the
               Mortification
               of
               the
               Esurine
               Salt
               by
               the
               Nitrous
               :
               For
               besides
               the
               Argument
               drawn
               from
               the
               not
               abiding
               of
               the
               Steel
               in
               these
               Waters
               ,
               the
               Nitrous
               Nature
               of
               the
               Salt
               is
               conspicuous
               in
               its
               high
               colour
               it
               takes
               with
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               which
               Vitriols
               give
               not
               ;
               nor
               do
               the
               light
               Chalybeat
               Waters
               ,
               that
               proceed
               from
               a
               Ground
               where
               the
               Soyl
               is
               Fat
               and
               Bituminous
               ,
               as
               I
               observ'd
               that
               at
               Felstead
               to
               be
               ,
               and
               which
               yields
               little
               or
               no
               Salt.
               
            
          
           
             
             
               Of
               the
               Waters
               that
               are
               Light
               and
               purely
               Chalybeat
               .
            
             
               I
               Have
               clear'd
               the
               Reason
               of
               the
               Lightness
               of
               these
               Waters
               ,
               and
               with
               that
               have
               asserted
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               Spirit
               to
               be
               Vitrioline
               ;
               since
               all
               those
               Waters
               are
               found
               to
               be
               so
               ,
               where
               these
               Incrustations
               are
               found
               .
               And
               as
               the
               weighty
               Waters
               take
               a
               full
               high
               yellow
               Tincture
               from
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               ,
               so
               this
               light
               sort
               take
               no
               slain
               with
               the
               same
               Wood
               ,
               but
               retain
               their
               colour
               ,
               only
               disturb'd
               with
               a
               light
               white
               Cloud
               flying
               in
               it
               .
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               makes
               no
               alteration
               in
               a
               Solution
               of
               Vitriol
               ,
               nor
               in
               Water
               sharpened
               with
               Oyl
               of
               Vitriol
               .
               These
               Waters
               do
               not
               well
               conserve
               their
               Virtue
               two
               hours
               ,
               which
               yet
               will
               scarce
               be
               lost
               in
               ten
               days
               ,
               if
               headed
               with
               Oyl
               .
               They
               all
               give
               a
               purplish
               Red
               with
               Galls
               ,
               which
               ,
               upon
               standing
               a
               while
               ,
               turns
               to
               a
               purplish
               Black.
               
            
          
           
             
               Tunbridge
               Water
               in
               Kent
               .
            
             
               THIS
               Water
               gives
               a
               deep
               Green
               ,
               with
               Syrup
               of
               Violets
               ,
               as
               Vitriols
               do
               ;
               and
               in
               the
               quantity
               of
               about
               seven
               Ounces
               and
               a
               quarter
               ,
               weigh'd
               ten
               Grains
               lighter
               than
               a
               River-water
               near
               me
               ,
               (
               which
               was
               lighter
               than
               Spring-water
               )
               
               and
               as
               much
               lighter
               than
               Rain-water
               ,
               and
               about
               four
               Grains
               lighter
               than
               the
               
                 German
                 Spaw
              
               ,
               to
               which
               it
               is
               preferable
               on
               that
               account
               .
               The
               Ground
               above
               and
               about
               this
               Spring
               ,
               is
               a
               cemented
               Rock
               ;
               and
               the
               Spring
               is
               large
               ,
               of
               long
               use
               ,
               and
               much
               celebrated
               and
               frequented
               .
            
          
           
             
               Wellenborow
               VVater
               in
               Northampton-shire
               .
            
             
               THIS
               Water
               weigh'd
               at
               the
               Spring
               eighteen
               Grains
               lighter
               than
               common
               Water
               ,
               in
               a
               quantity
               of
               about
               twelve
               Ounces
               ;
               with
               a
               few
               drops
               of
               Tincture
               of
               Logwood
               ,
               gave
               a
               Black
               ;
               with
               Syrup
               of
               Violets
               ,
               a
               deep
               Green
               ;
               with
               Syrup
               of
               Cloves
               ,
               blackish
               ;
               with
               Galls
               a
               Violet
               .
            
          
           
             
               Islington
               VVater
               .
            
             
               THIS
               Water
               ,
               as
               the
               rest
               ,
               makes
               no
               Alteration
               in
               a
               Solution
               of
               Sublimate
               ,
               and
               with
               
                 Sal
                 Saturni
              
               dissolv'd
               in
               fair
               Water
               became
               milky
               a
               little
               ,
               and
               a
               little
               curdled
               ,
               and
               not
               clear
               as
               with
               a
               Saltpetre
               ;
               with
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               it
               remain'd
               pale
               ,
               but
               clouded
               a
               little
               with
               a
               thickish
               dusky
               White
               ,
               near
               a
               Rain-water
               ,
               and
               weigh'd
               two
               Grains
               lighter
               than
               Tunbridge
               Water
               in
               the
               
               same
               quantity
               ,
               which
               I
               thought
               might
               be
               owing
               to
               the
               difference
               of
               the
               Season
               .
            
          
           
             
               Felstead
               VVater
               in
               Essex
               .
            
             
               THIS
               Water
               lies
               in
               a
               Moor
               ,
               the
               bottom
               whereof
               is
               a
               cemented
               Rock
               ,
               the
               Earth
               where
               the
               Spring
               rises
               ,
               is
               Fat
               and
               Bituminous
               ,
               or
               Unctuous
               and
               very
               Ferrugineous
               ,
               no
               Incrustation
               in
               the
               boggy
               Hole
               where
               the
               Water
               stands
               ,
               but
               the
               Water
               that
               passes
               through
               the
               Meadow
               begins
               to
               incrust
               as
               it
               touches
               this
               Ground
               :
               It
               is
               of
               the
               same
               weight
               exactly
               with
               Tunbridge
               ,
               it
               becomes
               milky
               with
               a
               Solution
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Saturni
              
               ,
               and
               with
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               suffer'd
               no
               stain
               ,
               but
               only
               a
               milky
               cloud
               swimming
               in
               it
               .
               This
               is
               but
               a
               small
               Spring
               ,
               scarce
               more
               than
               a
               Land-drain
               .
            
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Virtues
               of
               the
               Chalybeat
               VVaters
               .
            
             
               THE
               Virtues
               of
               Steel
               are
               so
               very
               great
               and
               large
               ,
               and
               in
               many
               cases
               so
               contrary
               ,
               as
               not
               to
               be
               explain'd
               by
               what
               are
               grosly
               call'd
               the
               first
               ,
               second
               or
               third
               Qualities
               ;
               but
               to
               help
               us
               to
               a
               Notion
               of
               them
               ,
               we
               must
               consider
               the
               Essence
               of
               this
               Mineral
               in
               its
               Affections
               ,
               that
               are
               apparent
               .
               
               And
               thus
               we
               may
               conceive
               of
               it
               ,
               as
               a
               hard
               body
               of
               the
               Mineral
               Kingdom
               ,
               and
               so
               qualifi'd
               with
               Firmness
               ,
               which
               is
               apt
               to
               enrich
               the
               Blood
               ,
               being
               easily
               convertible
               into
               Fat
               or
               Sulphur
               ,
               the
               nature
               of
               whose
               Sulphur
               ,
               is
               to
               preserve
               Fluid
               Bodies
               ,
               and
               the
               Temper
               of
               whose
               Acid
               Spirit
               ,
               is
               such
               as
               raises
               ,
               and
               yet
               restrains
               or
               rather
               adjusts
               the
               Fermentation
               of
               our
               Stomach
               ,
               Soluble
               ,
               Friendly
               to
               our
               Nature
               ,
               and
               some-how
               Correspondent
               to
               the
               Mechanism
               of
               the
               Air
               we
               live
               in
               by
               its
               Magnetism
               ;
               and
               then
               we
               may
               intelligibly
               add
               the
               more
               Simple
               ,
               and
               other
               evident
               Qualities
               ,
               as
               cooling
               ,
               potential
               Heat
               ,
               Drying
               ,
               Balsamick
               or
               Healing
               Quality
               ,
               &c.
               which
               I
               shall
               take
               notice
               of
               under
               these
               Heads
               ,
               in
               these
               Waters
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               They
               Invigorate
               the
               Blood
               and
               Juyces
               as
               a
               Chalybeat
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               They
               Astringe
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               They
               Incide
               and
               Attenuate
               by
               their
               Acidity
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               The
               Acidity
               is
               Connatural
               ,
               and
               agreeable
               to
               the
               Ferment
               of
               the
               Stomach
               ,
               and
               other
               Offices
               ,
               which
               these
               Waters
               promote
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               On
               the
               same
               account
               ,
               and
               partly
               in
               that
               it
               is
               Sulphurous
               ,
               it
               is
               a
               Fraenum
               ,
               or
               Curb
               ,
               to
               Fermentations
               and
               Flatulencies
               ,
               and
               performs
               more
               effectually
               what
               Oxycrate
               does
               in
               the
               Vapours
               in
               Women
               ,
               and
               Spirit
               of
               Sulphur
               or
               Vitriol
               in
               Men
               ,
               whence
               the
               Acid
               seems
               adjusted
               to
               the
               Temper
               of
               our
               Bodies
               ,
               which
               can
               preserve
               the
               just
               Fermentations
               ,
               as
               it
               destroys
               or
               reduces
               Exorbitant
               ones
               .
            
             
             
               6.
               
               They
               depurate
               the
               Juyces
               of
               forreign
               or
               grosser
               parts
               ,
               lodg'd
               with
               the
               Nourishment
               in
               the
               Body
               ,
               as
               is
               evident
               in
               the
               Stone
               ;
               which
               is
               but
               the
               same
               thing
               which
               they
               effect
               in
               gravelly
               Waters
               at
               their
               Springs
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               The
               Acid
               being
               Spirituous
               ,
               passes
               where
               other
               Medicines
               cannot
               ,
               and
               so
               are
               Diuretick
               and
               Exterminate
               ,
               and
               discharge
               the
               offensive
               Matter
               by
               Urine
               ;
               and
               the
               rest
               it
               Volatilizes
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               The
               Vehicle
               of
               this
               Mineral
               and
               Spirit
               ,
               is
               not
               apt
               to
               Elasticity
               or
               Fermentation
               .
            
             
               And
               on
               the
               account
               of
               these
               Qualifications
               ,
               the
               Chalybeat
               Waters
               warm
               ,
               strengthen
               ,
               heal
               ,
               open
               Obstructions
               ,
               absterge
               ,
               invigorate
               ,
               and
               thus
               are
               capacitated
               to
               stop
               Fluxes
               of
               all
               sorts
               ,
               and
               remove
               many
               Diseases
               ,
               among
               which
               the
               Stone
               and
               
                 Affectio
                 Hypochondriaca
              
               stand
               at
               the
               Head.
               
            
             
               But
               although
               all
               the
               sorts
               of
               Chalybeat
               Waters
               have
               some
               Qualifications
               in
               common
               ,
               as
               to
               invigorate
               the
               Blood
               ,
               and
               cleanse
               the
               Viscera
               ;
               yet
               as
               they
               differ
               in
               their
               Salt
               ,
               so
               likewise
               in
               their
               Virtues
               ;
               which
               I
               shall
               particularly
               treat
               of
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               Virtues
               of
               the
               Acidulae
               .
            
             
               Which
               Name
               I
               would
               make
               proper
               to
               those
               Waters
               that
               are
               lightly
               Chalybeat
               .
            
             
               THese
               have
               a
               fine
               Acidity
               ,
               not
               collectible
               into
               a
               Salt
               ,
               the
               residue
               upon
               Distilling
               ,
               being
               an
               Insipid
               Ferrugineous
               Earth
               ;
               and
               as
               I
               said
               before
               ,
               give
               only
               a
               Claret
               red
               with
               Gall.
               That
               which
               is
               proper
               to
               this
               sort
               of
               the
               Chalybeat
               Waters
               ,
               is
               ,
               That
               they
               are
               free
               of
               any
               gross
               Salt
               ,
               and
               have
               plenty
               of
               a
               Vitrioline
               Acid
               ,
               with
               little
               of
               the
               body
               of
               the
               Steel
               ,
               and
               that
               Acid
               more
               fix'd
               than
               in
               the
               light
               Chalybeats
               .
               In
               order
               to
               understand
               the
               Benefit
               of
               this
               ,
               I
               shall
               observe
               that
               there
               are
               Cases
               that
               require
               a
               Water
               so
               qualifi'd
               ,
               either
               on
               the
               Score
               of
               the
               Distemper
               ,
               or
               Constitution
               of
               the
               Patient
               ,
               such
               as
               we
               commonly
               call
               Complexion
               ;
               in
               which
               a
               quantity
               of
               Steel
               may
               do
               more
               harm
               ,
               than
               the
               Vitrioline
               Spirit
               can
               do
               good
               .
               And
               this
               must
               be
               allow'd
               me
               ,
               to
               be
               in
               all
               Cases
               and
               Persons
               ,
               where
               the
               Blood
               offends
               in
               quantity
               ,
               Floridness
               and
               Fluxilness
               ,
               by
               every
               one
               that
               observes
               the
               power
               Steel
               has
               to
               heat
               and
               invigorate
               the
               Blood
               in
               the
               Chlorosis
               .
               And
               when
               I
               consider
               the
               opposite
               Nature
               of
               Chalybeat
               Acids
               ,
               and
               Nitrous
               Salts
               ,
               as
               I
               observed
               before
               ,
               I
               fansie
               I
               have
               a
               clear
               Reason
               for
               all
               this
               .
               One
               Case
               that
               the
               Body
               of
               Steel
               agrees
               not
               in
               ,
               is
               that
               Indisposition
               of
               fresh-colour'd
               florid-complexion'd
               Persons
               ,
               
               about
               the
               last
               grand
               Climacterick
               ,
               as
               I
               call
               that
               of
               49
               ,
               who
               are
               liable
               to
               Fluxes
               of
               Blood
               ,
               or
               great
               Tumultuations
               of
               it
               .
               It
               is
               very
               easie
               to
               discover
               the
               Alkalisat
               state
               of
               the
               Blood
               in
               aged
               Persons
               ,
               by
               only
               tasting
               the
               Urine
               ,
               which
               in
               those
               grows
               almost
               Caustick
               .
               The
               Diseases
               that
               this
               sort
               of
               Water
               is
               a
               peculiar
               in
               ,
               are
               Apoplexies
               ,
               Phrensies
               and
               Fluxes
               of
               Blood
               ;
               and
               because
               the
               first
               of
               these
               is
               a
               Distemper
               that
               has
               strangely
               rag'd
               of
               late
               ,
               and
               extraordinarily
               this
               last
               Winter
               ,
               beyond
               what
               has
               been
               observ'd
               perhaps
               ever
               before
               ,
               to
               explain
               the
               reason
               of
               it
               ,
               so
               much
               as
               to
               give
               light
               to
               the
               Effect
               of
               these
               Waters
               ,
               may
               be
               no
               unacceptable
               a
               Digression
               .
            
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Apoplexy
               .
            
             
               THE
               Reason
               of
               an
               Apoplexy
               ,
               and
               the
               Cause
               of
               so
               sudden
               a
               Deprivation
               of
               Life
               ,
               that
               great
               Judge
               ,
               the
               Prince
               of
               Physicians
               ,
               Hippocrates
               ,
               resolves
               into
               a
               Stagnation
               or
               Station
               of
               the
               Blood
               ,
               whereby
               all
               Motion
               and
               Action
               of
               the
               Spirits
               is
               taken
               away
               ;
               understanding
               the
               Blood
               to
               be
               Spirituous
               ,
               and
               as
               not
               only
               supplying
               Matter
               to
               the
               Animal
               Spirits
               ,
               but
               continually
               Cherishing
               and
               Preserving
               them
               in
               their
               Natural
               Disposition
               .
               And
               he
               supposes
               this
               Station
               of
               the
               Blood
               in
               an
               Apoplexy
               ,
               to
               be
               in
               the
               Vessels
               of
               the
               Neck
               and
               Breast
               chiefly
               ,
               and
               that
               its
               Motion
               is
               stop'd
               
               either
               by
               sharp
               Humours
               ,
               or
               a
               Plethora
               ,
               or
               an
               Afflux
               of
               cold
               Humours
               ;
               the
               last
               of
               which
               he
               makes
               not
               so
               sudden
               .
            
             
               The
               Sense
               of
               the
               Greeks
               and
               the
               Arabians
               ,
               I
               shall
               give
               in
               the
               words
               of
               Avicenna
               ,
               transcrib'd
               out
               of
               
                 Joh.
                 Jacob.
                 Wepferus
              
               .
            
             
               Apoplexia
               reddit
               membra
               sensa
               &
               motu
               carentia
               ,
               propter
               angustiam
               afficientem
               ventriculos
               (
               seu
               medium
               &
               imum
               ;
               utrumque
               enim
               vocabulum
               Arabicum
               significat
               )
               cerebri
               ,
               &
               canales
               spiritus
               sensitivi
               &
               moventis
               .
               
                 Et
                 Paulo
                 inferius
              
               :
               Angusta
               haec
               fit
               vel
               propter
               compressionem
               seu
               incubationem
               ,
               vel
               repletionem
               ,
               compressio
               autem
               ,
               fit
               ,
               si
               corripiatur
               eo
               quod
               ipsum
               ,
               sc.
               cerebrum
               vel
               dolore
               afficit
               ,
               vel
               laedit
               ,
               seu
               molestia
               aliqua
               vexat
               ,
               vel
               contrahit
               ,
               seu
               constringit
               ,
               sive
               sit
               qualitas
               ei
               adjuncta
               affixave
               celeriter
               spissans
               medicamentorum
               ,
               sive
               frigus
               vehemens
               .
               Repletio
               autem
               est
               vel
               cum
               tumore
               ,
               vel
               sine
               tumore
               .
               Repletio
               cum
               tumore
               est
               ,
               si
               contineatur
               illic
               materia
               ,
               occludatque
               partini
               extensione
               ,
               partim
               repletione
               .
               Haecque
               est
               ex
               speciebus
               Apoplexiae
               gravissimae
               ac
               ejusdem
               notae
               ,
               sive
               illa
               ,
               sc.
               repletio
               à
               materia
               calida
               ,
               sive
               frigida
               eveniat
               .
               Quae
               est
               sine
               Tumore
               ,
               contingit
               vel
               à
               superfluitate
               in
               ipso
               cerebro
               ,
               aut
               cavitatibus
               ejus
               ,
               aut
               in
               propinquis
               canalibus
               spirituum
               ex
               cerebro
               ;
               estque
               haec
               superfluitas
               humor
               sanguineus
               subito
               in
               ventriculos
               effusus
               ,
               aut
               humor
               Phlegmaticus
               ,
               atque
               haec
               ,
               superfluitas
               nempe
               ,
               est
               frequentior
               &
               Potior
               :
               vel
               accidit
               in
               canalibus
               Spirituum
               ad
               cerebrum
               ,
               
               dum
               interdum
               Venae
               &
               Arteria
               ex
               vehementi
               repletione
               &
               abundantia
               sanguinis
               obstruuntur
               ,
               nec
               Spiritus
               ,
               sc.
               vitalis
               ,
               transitum
               habet
               ,
               noc
               cunctatur
               ,
               seu
               cessat
               indignari
               ,
               seu
               turgere
               &
               effervescere
               :
               acciditque
               hoc
               ,
               quod
               in
               ligatura
               arteriarum
               duarum
               Carotidum
               ,
               seu
               soporalium
               ,
               cum
               amissione
               sensus
               &
               motus
               ,
               contingit
               ,
               &
               quando
               〈◊〉
               simile
               obtingit
               a
               causa
               Primitiva
               ,
               seu
               interna
               ,
               effectum
               eundem
               producit
               .
            
             
               The
               Physicians
               for
               many
               Ages
               since
               then
               ,
               in
               an
               Apoplexy
               ,
               accus'd
               only
               the
               Straightness
               and
               Coarctation
               of
               the
               Ventricles
               of
               the
               Brain
               ,
               distorting
               the
               Sense
               of
               the
               Ancients
               ,
               and
               cherish'd
               their
               Opinion
               with
               the
               Fancy
               ,
               that
               the
               Use
               of
               the
               Ventricles
               ,
               was
               either
               to
               generate
               ,
               or
               collect
               and
               distribute
               the
               Animal
               Spirits
               .
               But
               after
               that
               the
               Varolian
               Method
               in
               cutting
               the
               Brain
               began
               to
               be
               practis'd
               ,
               the
               Ventricles
               were
               discharg'd
               from
               these
               Uses
               ,
               by
               
                 Platerus
                 ,
                 Bauhi●●
                 ▪
                 Spigelius
              
               ,
               and
               others
               ;
               but
               most
               happily
               by
               
                 D.
                 Caspar
                 Hoffmannus
              
               ,
               and
               had
               assign'd
               to
               them
               only
               the
               Office
               of
               Receptacles
               of
               the
               Excrements
               .
               Against
               him
               ,
               the
               former
               Uses
               of
               them
               ,
               the
               Famous
               Anatomist
               
                 Joh.
                 Riolanus
                 fil
              
               .
               endeavour'd
               to
               maintain
               :
               The
               ground
               that
               his
               Argument
               proceeds
               upon
               is
               ,
               That
               the
               Animal
               Spirit
               is
               made
               out
               of
               the
               Vital
               ,
               and
               that
               this
               is
               deduced
               by
               the
               Carotid
               Arteries
               to
               the
               Basis
               of
               the
               Brain
               ;
               and
               then
               that
               the
               Ventricles
               are
               aptly
               situate
               to
               this
               end
               ,
               to
               receive
               and
               conveigh
               the
               Spirits
               into
               the
               fourth
               Ventricle
               as
               a
               Cistern
               ,
               
               that
               thence
               they
               may
               be
               distributed
               into
               the
               Nerves
               .
               And
               so
               he
               carries
               it
               on
               ,
               
                 At
                 Nervorum
                 septem
                 Conjugationes
                 propagantur
                 ab
                 illis
                 eminentiis
                 quat
                 ●●r
                 ,
                 quarum
                 duae
                 majores
                 formant
                 clauduntque
                 latera
                 Ventriculorum
                 anteriorum
                 ;
                 aliae
                 duae
                 constituunt
                 latera
                 quarti
                 ventriculi
                 ,
                 cujus
                 tectum
                 partesque
                 anticas
                 &
                 posticas
                 efformat
                 duplex
                 Scolicoidis
                 Apophysis
                 .
              
               And
               for
               the
               conveyance
               of
               the
               Blood
               thither
               ,
               
                 A
                 reti
                 mirabili
                 numerosam
                 sobolem
                 ramorum
                 arteriosorum
                 ,
                 undequaque
                 per
                 durum
                 matrem
                 spargi
                 ,
                 qui
                 sanguinem
                 suum
                 depo●ant
                 in
                 sinum
                 tertium
                 :
                 ab
                 eo
                 sinu
                 depromi
                 innumeros
                 rivulos
                 ,
                 qui
                 sparsi
                 per
                 exteriores
                 anfractus
                 cerebri
                 ,
                 roris
                 instar
                 ,
                 destillent
                 sanguinem
                 arteriosum
                 superne
                 deorsum
                 :
                 praeterea
                 per
                 torcular
                 ,
                 venam
                 magnam
                 Galeni
                 ,
                 seu
                 sinum
                 quartum
                 sanguinem
                 &
                 Spiritus
                 ad
                 ventriculos
                 deduci
                 .
              
               But
               all
               this
               with
               a
               violent
               Strain
               to
               Reason
               and
               Anatomical
               Truth
               ,
               much
               Indistinctness
               and
               Inconsistency
               with
               himself
               ;
               What
               means
               the
               destilling
               of
               the
               Blood
               ,
               the
               Sponginess
               of
               the
               Eminencies
               that
               conveigh
               the
               Spirits
               to
               the
               Nerves
               ?
               The
               Spirits
               sometimes
               confin'd
               to
               the
               Ventricles
               ;
               sometimes
               diffus'd
               to
               the
               whole
               Brain
               .
               What
               else
               is
               his
               allowing
               the
               Ventricles
               to
               receive
               the
               Excrementitious
               Moisture
               ,
               which
               he
               had
               separated
               for
               a
               nobler
               use
               ;
               his
               deriving
               the
               Blood
               into
               the
               
                 Plexus
                 Choroideus
              
               ,
               from
               the
               
                 Sinus
                 quartus
              
               ,
               with
               the
               pernicious
               Consequence
               that
               would
               attend
               it
               if
               it
               were
               so
               .
               With
               other
               slips
               of
               like
               nature
               ,
               
                 Et
                 quie
                 praeterea
                 Spirituum
                 Animalium
                 opifex
                 esset
                 in
                 corpore
                 ,
                 ex
                 minutissi●is
                 
                 venulis
                 &
                 arteriolis
                 tenuissima
                 membrana
                 &
                 exiguis
                 glandulis
                 composito
                 ?
                 Vnde
                 suppeteret
                 mattria
                 ?
                 Qua
                 via
                 distribuetur
                 Spiritus
                 in
                 Nervos
                 null●
                 modo
                 ipsi
                 continuous
                 ,
                 quibus
                 sedibus
                 includetur
                 ,
                 ubi
                 necessarium
                 ,
                 huc
                 illucve
                 depromendus
                 ?
              
               But
               of
               the
               Office
               of
               the
               Ventricles
               ,
               and
               Seat
               of
               Animal
               Spirits
               ,
               we
               receive
               better
               Information
               from
               Ho●●mannus
               ,
               who
               against
               him
               argues
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               Ibi
               fit
               Spiritus
               ubi
               Actio
               .
               At
               vero
               in
               corpore
               fit
               .
               Corpus
               enim
               agit
               non
               accidens
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Spiritus
               si
               agere
               debet
               ,
               oportet
               sub
               imperit
               anim●
               maneat
               ,
               sc.
               in
               vasis
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Ventriculi
               cinguntur
               interius
               pia
               matre
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               Ab
               exitu
               Spirituum
               in
               palatum
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Ventriculos
               cum
               Nervis
               non
               esse
               continuos
               ,
               sed
               cum
               corpore
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               Ventriculos
               habere
               aliud
               officium
               &
               incongr●um
               .
            
             
               The
               Arguments
               are
               fairly
               laid
               down
               at
               large
               in
               Wepferus
               ;
               and
               are
               nevertheless
               valid
               ;
               though
               I
               see
               no
               reason
               altogether
               to
               be
               satisfied
               in
               the
               Uses
               here
               and
               generally
               assign'd
               the
               Ventricles
               ,
               since
               as
               it
               is
               observ'd
               by
               that
               Curious
               Anatomist
               Dr.
               Ridley
               ,
               no
               Water
               can
               be
               express'd
               from
               the
               
                 Glandula
                 Pituitaria
              
               ,
               nor
               has
               it
               any
               aperture
               discoverable
               into
               the
               Palate
               ,
               which
               confirms
               this
               ,
               that
               he
               never
               found
               Water
               in
               the
               Infundibulum
               ,
               either
               in
               the
               Sound
               or
               Unsound
               .
               For
               besides
               that
               ,
               there
               is
               a
               Parity
               in
               the
               Reasons
               of
               the
               Use
               of
               them
               by
               him
               assign'd
               ,
               or
               that
               well
               can
               be
               assign'd
               ,
               the
               Vesicae
               found
               in
               the
               Ventricles
               of
               vertiginous
               Cattle
               ,
               and
               the
               great
               quantity
               of
               
               Water
               ,
               
                 In
                 puero
                 integrè
                 mentis
                 munia
                 obeunte
                 ,
              
               mention'd
               by
               Tulpius
               ,
               and
               cited
               by
               the
               foresaid
               Author
               ,
               evacuate
               the
               Nobility
               of
               their
               Office.
               And
               Galen
               ,
               whose
               Notion
               in
               this
               Matter
               is
               not
               consistent
               ,
               yet
               relates
               ,
               
                 Adolescentem
                 Smyrnensem
                 ad
                 alterutrum
                 ventriculorum
                 usque
                 vulneratum
                 ,
                 semet
                 oculato
                 teste
                 ,
                 superstitem
                 permansissie
                 .
              
               And
               again
               observes
               ,
               
                 In
                 soporibus
                 &
                 Epilepsia
                 ventres
                 magis
                 ,
                 corpus
                 cerebri
                 minus
                 affici
                 solet
                 ;
                 in
                 Apoplexia
                 vero
                 corpus
                 magis
                 .
              
               And
               this
               easie
               to
               be
               clear'd
               in
               the
               Formation
               of
               Brains
               of
               Brutes
               .
               Wepferus
               ,
               by
               the
               help
               of
               Dissections
               ,
               detects
               the
               Seat
               of
               this
               Disease
               in
               the
               Brain
               it self
               ,
               considering
               the
               whole
               Compage
               in
               Contradistinction
               only
               to
               the
               ventricles
               ,
               and
               asserts
               a
               true
               Apoplexy
               to
               be
               generated
               ,
               
                 Ab
                 effuxu
                 Spirituum
                 totali
                 ad
                 instrumenta
                 sensus
                 &
                 motus
                 praepedito
                 ,
                 quod
                 fiet
                 ob
                 principii
                 omnium
                 Nervorum
                 vel
                 Obstructionem
                 vel
                 compressionem
                 subito
                 factam
                 ,
                 unde
                 denegatis
                 Spiritibus
                 Animalibus
                 ,
                 quamvis
                 abundent
                 ●●●les
                 ,
                 Apoplexia
                 sequitur
                 .
              
               And
               this
               Stoppage
               ,
               according
               to
               him
               ,
               may
               be
               either
               at
               the
               Pores
               of
               the
               Medulla
               that
               admit
               the
               Arteries
               ,
               or
               are
               open
               to
               them
               ;
               or
               those
               through
               which
               they
               are
               distributed
               into
               the
               Nerves
               .
               This
               Hypothesis
               labours
               under
               many
               Difficulties
               ,
               suggested
               both
               from
               Reason
               and
               Experience
               ;
               for
               as
               it
               is
               necessary
               that
               the
               Seat
               of
               the
               Animal
               Spirits
               should
               be
               exempt
               from
               any
               forreign
               Intrusion
               ,
               so
               Nature
               seems
               to
               have
               secur'd
               it
               ,
               like
               the
               Palace
               of
               Princes
               ,
               by
               previous
               passes
               .
               Neither
               does
               the
               Brain
               appear
               lyable
               to
               the
               Inconveniencies
               that
               
               other
               Secretory
               Glands
               are
               from
               their
               own
               Acidity
               ,
               or
               Admission
               of
               less
               prepar'd
               or
               grosser
               Juyces
               ,
               which
               procure
               their
               Obstructions
               .
               And
               accordingly
               we
               do
               not
               find
               ,
               that
               a
               Colluvies
               of
               Serum
               ,
               or
               a
               Scrumous
               Brain
               to
               have
               induc'd
               this
               Distemper
               :
               And
               even
               in
               that
               plainer
               case
               ,
               which
               is
               allow'd
               ,
               where
               an
               Apoplexy
               proceeds
               from
               a
               Plethora
               ,
               and
               a
               Weakness
               of
               the
               Brain
               ,
               I
               have
               always
               found
               some
               farther
               Explication
               necessary
               ;
               as
               to
               account
               why
               so
               sudden
               ,
               why
               not
               in
               all
               Ages
               and
               Seasons
               ,
               and
               the
               like
               .
               And
               on
               the
               other
               hand
               ,
               that
               the
               Brain
               cannot
               want
               a
               sufficient
               Afflux
               of
               Blood
               ,
               Nature
               ,
               as
               in
               other
               parts
               ,
               so
               here
               ,
               hath
               made
               provision
               ,
               as
               by
               Anatomy
               appears
               .
               Our
               great
               Dr.
               Willis
               hath
               in
               my
               Judgment
               clear'd
               this
               Point
               ,
               by
               two
               Instances
               ,
               one
               of
               an
               Obstructed
               Artery
               ,
               without
               an
               Impediment
               to
               the
               Course
               ,
               or
               at
               least
               a
               sufficient
               Afflux
               of
               the
               Blood
               ;
               The
               other
               of
               an
               Apoplexy
               ,
               without
               any
               appearance
               of
               Obstruction
               or
               disorder
               in
               the
               Brain
               :
               And
               more
               closely
               tr●cing
               the
               Seat
               of
               this
               Distemper
               to
               the
               Origin●
               of
               Sense
               and
               Motion
               ,
               hath
               fix'd
               it
               in
               the
               
                 Medit●llium
                 cerebri
              
               .
               And
               besides
               that
               ,
               there
               is
               the
               Spring
               of
               Life
               ,
               there
               is
               good
               reason
               to
               excuse
               the
               Cortical
               part
               ,
               since
               Instances
               are
               frequent
               ,
               in
               Authors
               unquestionable
               ,
               of
               Portions
               of
               it
               taken
               out
               at
               Wounds
               of
               the
               Head
               ,
               without
               any
               pernicious
               Consequence
               .
               And
               therefore
               whereas
               Dr.
               Cole
               is
               pleas'd
               to
               suppose
               ,
               that
               the
               Seat
               of
               the
               Distemper
               ,
               as
               where
               the
               Cause
               that
               influentially
               occasions
               the
               Defection
               of
               Natures
               
               due
               Actings
               first
               fixes
               it self
               ;
               I
               do
               not
               see
               it
               essential
               to
               this
               Distemper
               ,
               to
               be
               an
               Affection
               of
               this
               part
               ;
               but
               with
               deference
               to
               that
               very
               Learned
               and
               Excellent
               Physician
               ,
               must
               observe
               that
               the
               Enemy
               sometimes
               escapes
               this
               Secretion
               ,
               without
               leaving
               any
               marks
               of
               its
               footing
               ;
               and
               therefore
               am
               inclin'd
               with
               Dr.
               Willis
               to
               place
               it
               
                 In
                 aut
                 prope
                 cerebri
                 Meditullium
              
               ,
               upon
               the
               entrance
               of
               which
               it
               exerts
               its
               power
               .
               But
               if
               he
               pleases
               to
               consider
               the
               Cortical
               part
               as
               it
               is
               Secretory
               ,
               and
               as
               it
               is
               first
               affected
               in
               a
               gradual
               or
               habitual
               Apoplexy
               ,
               I
               think
               that
               must
               be
               allow'd
               .
               Dr.
               Willis
               then
               proceeds
               to
               induce
               a
               Profligation
               of
               the
               Spirits
               ,
               to
               solve
               the
               sudden
               and
               light
               assault
               of
               this
               Distemper
               .
               An
               Apoplexy
               he
               distinguisheth
               into
               Accidental
               and
               Habitual
               ,
               which
               he
               considers
               
                 sine
                 Procatarxi
              
               ,
               or
               with
               an
               Antecedent
               Cause
               .
               The
               
                 Causa
                 conjuncta
                 &
                 proxima
                 aut
                 est
                 magna
                 Solutio
                 continui
                 alicubi
                 intra
                 aut
                 prope
                 cerebri
                 meditullium
                 contingens
                 ,
                 propter
                 quam
                 ,
                 poris
                 obstructis
                 aut
                 compressis
                 ,
                 emanatio
                 omnis
                 supprimitur
                 ,
                 vel
                 est
                 ingens
                 as
                 subita
                 spirituum
                 in
                 Cerebro
                 degentium
                 profligatio
                 aut
                 extinctio
                 .
              
               [
               Another
               Species
               that
               may
               be
               temporary
               ,
               he
               supposes
               an
               Affection
               of
               the
               Cerebellum
               .
               ]
               The
               
                 Solutio
                 continui
              
               is
               either
               from
               Blood
               ,
               an
               Aposthem
               ,
               or
               3ly
               ,
               a
               
                 Serous
                 Colluvies
              
               .
               The
               reason
               of
               an
               Extemporaneous
               Apoplexy
               ,
               he
               assigns
               in
               the
               Conjunct
               Causae
               ,
               
                 In
                 Paroxysmo
                 materiam
                 congestam
                 in
                 ambitu
                 cerebri
                 prius
                 aggestam
                 &
                 dispersam
                 demum
                 in
                 Meditullium
                 ejus
                 d●scendre
                 ,
                 ibidemque
                 spiritus
                 omnes
                 
                 adoriri
                 &
                 in
                 ipso
                 emanationis
                 suae
                 fonte
                 supprimere
                 &
                 prosternere
                 ,
                 et
                 si
                 non
                 plane
                 constat
                 ,
                 utrum
                 illud
                 efficiat
                 aut
                 medullae
                 poros
                 tantum
                 infarciendo
                 ,
                 aut
                 Spiritus
                 istos
                 profligando
                 iisque
                 narcosin
                 infligendo
                 ,
                 verisimile
                 utroque
                 modo
                 .
                 His
                 Procatarctic
                 .
                 Sanguis
                 in
                 vitio
                 vel
                 cerebrum
                 in
                 crasi
                 imbecillum
                 &
                 secundum
                 poros
                 &
                 meatus
                 ejus
                 laxum
                 &
                 solutum
                 nimis
                 ,
                 materiam
                 morbificam
                 absque
                 repudio
                 admittit
                 .
              
               That
               happy
               Author
               ,
               the
               above-mentioned
               Dr.
               Cole
               ,
               in
               his
               Treatise
               occasion'd
               by
               the
               late
               Frequency
               of
               Apoplexies
               ,
               by
               his
               Inquiry
               into
               the
               
                 Materiae
                 Morbificae
                 indoles
              
               ,
               hath
               not
               a
               little
               illustrated
               the
               Cause
               of
               this
               Distemper
               .
               His
               Sense
               ,
               as
               I
               understand
               it
               ,
               is
               this
               ,
               From
               Observation
               made
               of
               the
               Weekly
               Bills
               of
               Mortality
               ,
               he
               dates
               the
               Aera
               of
               their
               Increase
               from
               1683.
               
               Upon
               which
               Substratum
               he
               naturally
               deduces
               the
               Cause
               of
               this
               Distemper
               from
               Cold
               ,
               and
               observes
               that
               to
               account
               for
               it
               very
               well
               .
               In
               order
               to
               the
               understanding
               the
               Nature
               of
               Cold
               ,
               he
               reduces
               the
               Notion
               of
               it
               to
               these
               Considerations
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               That
               Sensible
               Qualities
               ,
               though
               they
               are
               not
               among
               the
               general
               Affections
               of
               Matter
               ,
               as
               Motion
               ,
               Rest
               ,
               Bulk
               ,
               Figure
               ,
               &c.
               yet
               are
               consequent
               to
               it
               ,
               but
               determin'd
               by
               these
               ,
               and
               associated
               to
               somewhat
               that
               has
               Perception
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               As
               Cold
               makes
               an
               Impression
               on
               our
               Sensories
               ,
               so
               it
               requires
               Motion
               ;
               and
               it
               is
               not
               Motion
               simply
               ,
               but
               consider'd
               with
               some
               adjunct
               ,
               viz.
               Motion
               in
               such
               or
               such
               a
               Degree
               ,
               and
               with
               relation
               to
               Sensitive
               Beings
               that
               constitutes
               Heat
               .
            
             
             
               3.
               
               The
               Transmission
               of
               these
               Impressions
               to
               the
               Soul
               ,
               requires
               a
               Motion
               in
               our
               Organs
               ,
               but
               such
               a
               one
               as
               may
               keep
               up
               a
               due
               Crasis
               in
               both
               the
               Fluid
               and
               Consistent
               Substances
               ,
               that
               make
               up
               the
               Organ
               for
               the
               performing
               the
               Functions
               appointed
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               That
               these
               Congenial
               Motions
               seem
               not
               properly
               Objects
               of
               our
               Perception
               ,
               but
               rather
               Instruments
               of
               Transmission
               of
               those
               others
               from
               without
               ,
               which
               recede
               from
               these
               Degrees
               ,
               or
               are
               otherwise
               Circumstantiated
               :
               Though
               these
               deflecting
               from
               their
               due
               Proportion
               ,
               may
               ,
               by
               affecting
               the
               Soul
               differently
               from
               what
               they
               use
               to
               do
               ,
               excite
               her
               to
               take
               notice
               of
               them
               too
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               That
               these
               mean
               Motions
               are
               to
               us
               a
               Standard
               of
               all
               others
               .
            
             
               From
               all
               which
               ,
               our
               Author
               deduces
               Cold
               to
               be
               a
               Check
               of
               that
               degree
               ,
               which
               belongs
               to
               the
               Parts
               of
               ,
               and
               Fluid
               Substances
               in
               our
               Sensories
               of
               Touching
               ;
               and
               Heat
               to
               be
               an
               Acceleration
               ;
               and
               the
               Bulk
               and
               Figure
               of
               the
               Bodies
               that
               cause
               either
               to
               be
               considerable
               .
               The
               Retardation
               which
               makes
               the
               Nature
               of
               Cold
               ,
               may
               be
               occasion'd
               by
               increase
               of
               bulk
               and
               change
               of
               Figure
               ,
               by
               Adhesion
               .
               2
               By
               altering
               the
               due
               Contexture
               of
               the
               Vessels
               .
               3.
               
               If
               the
               affecting
               Bodies
               be
               of
               such
               a
               Figure
               and
               Texture
               as
               to
               be
               flexible
               .
               4.
               
               By
               Interposing
               they
               may
               fill
               the
               Spaces
               ,
               and
               may
               be
               the
               present
               Case
               .
               Now
               as
               Conical
               or
               Pyramidal
               Figures
               solve
               this
               Phaenomenon
               best
               ,
               so
               he
               gives
               the
               Nitrous
               parts
               
               of
               the
               Air
               those
               Figures
               ,
               from
               
                 des
                 Carte's
              
               Notion
               ,
               and
               
               Lewenhook's
               Microscopical
               Autopsy
               .
               To
               enquire
               how
               our
               Bodies
               and
               Brain
               are
               affected
               by
               these
               ,
               he
               observes
               the
               Air
               to
               affect
               as
               Liquors
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               The
               Blood
               ,
               into
               which
               it
               is
               admitted
               by
               the
               Stomach
               ,
               by
               the
               Lungs
               and
               Pores
               of
               the
               Skin
               ;
               and
               on
               which
               it
               operates
               partly
               by
               the
               Insinuation
               of
               its
               Elastical
               and
               other
               Irregular
               Particles
               ,
               partly
               by
               the
               Interposition
               as
               well
               as
               Lancination
               of
               the
               Nitrous
               Ra●ous
               Parts
               ,
               which
               promotes
               the
               Comminution
               of
               it
               ,
               whereby
               the
               Crasis
               of
               it
               may
               be
               alter'd
               ,
               if
               such
               Air
               be
               admitted
               as
               shall
               over-check
               this
               Agitation
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               The
               Nervous
               Juyce
               ,
               which
               he
               supposes
               lyable
               to
               Impressions
               ,
               in
               some
               degree
               analogous
               to
               what
               are
               made
               on
               the
               Blood
               from
               Substances
               mix'd
               with
               it
               .
               He
               supposeth
               some
               of
               the
               admitted
               Substances
               of
               the
               Air
               may
               be
               deposited
               into
               the
               Nerves
               at
               their
               Original
               ;
               or
               that
               it
               must
               communicate
               with
               the
               Blood
               ,
               in
               receiving
               some
               of
               the
               Viscous
               parts
               produced
               in
               it
               by
               the
               Air
               ;
               and
               that
               some
               more
               subtile
               Particles
               must
               be
               admitted
               through
               the
               Pores
               .
               To
               which
               the
               same
               worthy
               Author
               adds
               ,
               That
               he
               conceives
               them
               in
               some
               due
               Proportion
               necessary
               to
               the
               due
               Spiritualization
               of
               this
               Juyce
               .
               Again
               ,
               The
               solid
               parts
               are
               lyable
               to
               the
               same
               Inconvenience
               ,
               and
               to
               retain
               them
               longer
               .
            
             
               Lastly
               ,
               The
               Brain
               may
               be
               affected
               not
               only
               by
               the
               Mediation
               of
               the
               Blood
               ,
               but
               also
               by
               the
               Airs
               affecting
               the
               Mammillary
               Processes
               ,
               or
               the
               
               Ears
               ,
               or
               the
               Extremities
               of
               the
               Nerves
               in
               all
               parts
               of
               the
               Skin
               .
               And
               this
               pressure
               of
               the
               Air
               may
               be
               unequal
               ,
               some
               part
               of
               it
               being
               mov'd
               with
               greater
               Violence
               ,
               where
               is
               greater
               Dilatation
               ,
               or
               a
               part
               kept
               warmer
               :
               And
               this
               Injury
               of
               Air
               ,
               Tenderness
               and
               ill
               Digestion
               ,
               through
               want
               of
               Exercise
               ,
               makes
               the
               Body
               obnoxious
               too
               .
               And
               thus
               the
               Brain
               may
               suffer
               in
               that
               Continuity
               ,
               due
               Confirmation
               and
               Repletion
               of
               its
               parts
               ,
               wherein
               this
               Author
               supposes
               the
               tone
               of
               the
               parts
               to
               consist
               .
               So
               that
               in
               the
               Author
               's
               own
               words
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               Sense
               ,
               The
               part
               affected
               may
               either
               be
               the
               whole
               Brain
               ,
               or
               any
               considerable
               part
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               either
               the
               Cortical
               or
               Medullar
               ,
               but
               especially
               (
               or
               at
               least
               first
               )
               the
               Cortical
               ,
               from
               whence
               the
               disaffected
               Matter
               is
               transmitted
               to
               the
               parts
               of
               it
               which
               lye
               deeper
               ,
               where
               the
               Animal
               Spirits
               principally
               exert
               themselves
               ;
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               Distemper
               to
               consist
               in
               the
               sudden
               Abolition
               of
               the
               due
               Excrasie
               and
               Distribution
               of
               th●●
               thence
               ;
               the
               immediate
               Cause
               ,
               most
               usually
               (
               when
               unavoidably
               fatal
               )
               an
               Effusion
               of
               Blood
               out
               of
               its
               Vessels
               upon
               the
               Substance
               of
               the
               Brain
               .
               Though
               I
               conceive
               (
               says
               he
               )
               a
               bare
               〈◊〉
               of
               the
               Arteries
               there
               may
               occasion
               it
               ,
               as
               also
               may
               perhaps
               a
               Congestion
               of
               Viscous
               or
               Serous
               Matter
               ,
               when
               it
               comes
               to
               a
               considerable
               degree
               ,
               and
               becomes
               freshly
               excited
               ;
               or
               else
               Polypous
               Concretions
               ,
               or
               (
               if
               we
               can
               suppose
               it
               )
               any
               other
               obstructing
               Matter
               deposited
               in
               it
               ,
               may
               at
               last
               produce
               it
               ;
               and
               the
               Pre
               disposition
               of
               the
               Brain
               to
               it
               ,
               to
               consist
               
               usually
               in
               the
               more
               than
               ordinary
               Laxity
               or
               Openness
               of
               it
               .
               And
               whatsoever
               either
               first
               causes
               a
               Congestion
               of
               Blood
               ,
               or
               2ly
               ,
               otherwise
               so
               Indisposes
               it
               ,
               that
               it
               cannot
               readily
               and
               duly
               circulate
               through
               its
               usual
               Vessels
               in
               the
               Brain
               ;
               or
               3ly
               ,
               disaffects
               the
               Brain
               ,
               whether
               by
               weakning
               its
               Tone
               ,
               or
               altering
               the
               Figures
               of
               its
               passages
               ,
               or
               straitning
               them
               too
               much
               ,
               may
               occasion
               Apoplexies
               :
               And
               the
               greater
               Urgency
               or
               Violence
               of
               such
               antecedent
               Causes
               ,
               may
               introduce
               a
               greater
               Frequency
               of
               them
               than
               ordinary
               .
            
             
               Thus
               I
               have
               given
               the
               Notions
               of
               this
               Distemper
               distinctly
               ,
               for
               these
               Reasons
               ;
            
             
               1.
               
               It
               sets
               the
               Distemper
               ,
               as
               we
               do
               a
               Picture
               ,
               in
               all
               Lights
               ,
               to
               try
               which
               way
               we
               may
               see
               it
               best
               .
               And
               ,
            
             
               2.
               
               As
               it
               prepares
               to
               the
               understanding
               of
               Apoplexies
               ,
               so
               in
               my
               further
               Inquiry
               ,
               in
               many
               particulars
               ,
               Repetition
               will
               be
               sav'd
               ,
               and
               less
               intelligible
               Parentheses
               avoided
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               We
               may
               ,
               by
               this
               means
               ,
               observe
               the
               Specifick
               Symptoms
               of
               this
               Distemper
               ,
               and
               what
               hints
               they
               gave
               these
               Authors
               .
            
             
               Information
               being
               not
               to
               be
               gain'd
               by
               Controversie
               ,
               I
               shall
               not
               inspect
               the
               Particulars
               of
               these
               Accounts
               ,
               in
               which
               they
               are
               not
               Satisfactory
               ,
               as
               why
               ,
               after
               that
               Frost
               ,
               and
               not
               preceding
               ones
               ,
               why
               the
               Aera
               should
               be
               then
               fix'd
               ,
               and
               yet
               the
               Increase
               began
               long
               before
               .
               Why
               the
               Head
               should
               be
               affected
               ,
               and
               not
               other
               parts
               rather
               ;
               it
               being
               necessary
               to
               account
               for
               the
               
               Reason
               ,
               why
               Air
               afflicts
               one
               part
               particularly
               ,
               as
               we
               see
               the
               Fauces
               and
               Throat
               at
               the
               Alps
               ,
               the
               Lungs
               at
               Rome
               .
               So
               likewise
               of
               the
               Changes
               of
               the
               Distempers
               which
               are
               temporary
               ,
               and
               many
               other
               things
               ;
               but
               shall
               offer
               some
               Observations
               ,
               which
               I
               submit
               to
               the
               Judgment
               of
               the
               last
               cited
               Author
               and
               others
               ,
               which
               ,
               if
               approv'd
               ,
               give
               a
               more
               natural
               account
               ,
               and
               may
               carry
               on
               the
               Inquiries
               ;
               and
               they
               are
               such
               as
               answer
               two
               Questions
               or
               Inquiries
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               Of
               the
               Reason
               of
               the
               sudden
               and
               accidental
               Death
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               That
               may
               inform
               us
               of
               the
               Indoles
               of
               the
               Morbifick
               Matter
               ,
               and
               how
               much
               is
               observable
               in
               the
               Air
               that
               can
               answer
               for
               this
               .
            
             
               My
               Notion
               ,
               as
               to
               the
               first
               of
               these
               ,
               is
               deduced
               from
               these
               Considerations
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               That
               the
               Motion
               of
               the
               Blood
               is
               necessary
               to
               Life
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               That
               this
               is
               owing
               to
               Respiration
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               That
               Respiration
               is
               necessary
               to
               Life
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               Both
               Motion
               of
               the
               Blood
               ,
               and
               Necessity
               of
               Respiration
               ,
               consist
               in
               the
               Elasticity
               of
               the
               Air.
               
            
             
               5.
               
               I
               observe
               ,
               that
               besides
               the
               Atmospherical
               Air
               ,
               that
               is
               exhausted
               by
               a
               Pneumatick
               Engine
               ,
               there
               is
               a
               finer
               Elastick
               Air
               or
               Matter
               contain'd
               in
               this
               Atmospheric
               Air
               ,
               which
               in
               an
               exhausted
               Receiver
               hindred
               the
               parting
               of
               the
               Marbles
               ,
               which
               is
               Elastick
               too
               ,
               the
               pressure
               being
               
                 ad
                 modum
              
               ,
               or
               in
               Proportion
               to
               the
               force
               that
               is
               capable
               to
               separate
               the
               cohering
               Bodies
               ,
               
               and
               may
               be
               surmounted
               by
               a
               force
               superi●●●
               to
               it
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               There
               seems
               to
               be
               a
               Nitre
               in
               the
               Air
               ,
               necessary
               to
               maintain
               and
               share
               in
               produci●
               the
               Elasticity
               of
               the
               grosser
               Atmosphere
               ,
               which
               being
               consum'd
               ,
               an
               Animal
               dies
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               There
               are
               certain
               
                 Termini
                 &
                 fines
              
               of
               the
               Tenuity
               and
               Grossness
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               on
               this
               side
               of
               which
               ,
               or
               beyond
               ,
               the
               Air
               becomes
               〈◊〉
               for
               the
               Respitation
               of
               Animals
               .
               Thus
               Fish
               that
               die
               in
               an
               open
               Air
               ,
               yet
               are
               choak'd
               for
               want
               of
               it
               ,
               if
               a
               Pond
               Freeze
               ;
               and
               accordingly
               are
               provided
               with
               Pipes
               ,
               that
               strain
               the
               〈◊〉
               Matter
               ,
               and
               are
               stronger
               ,
               and
               not
               lyable
               to
               the
               Inconvenience
               from
               the
               force
               and
               weight
               of
               the
               Water
               .
               And
               lastly
               ,
               as
               the
               Matter
               drawn
               is
               finer
               ,
               so
               there
               is
               no
               need
               of
               the
               Contraction
               and
               Opening
               ,
               or
               Conquassation
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               to
               get
               the
               Matter
               out
               they
               want
               ,
               which
               is
               strain'd
               by
               the
               Water
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               I
               observe
               ,
               that
               Animals
               which
               have
               a
               Crasis
               of
               Blood
               ,
               to
               which
               less
               Nitre
               is
               requisite
               ,
               as
               they
               can
               be
               long
               without
               Food
               ,
               so
               can
               live
               a
               considerable
               time
               without
               Air
               ,
               as
               
                 Tortoises
                 ,
                 Adders
              
               ,
               &c.
               and
               therefore
               have
               membranous
               Lungs
               ,
               in
               which
               no
               more
               Blood
               circulates
               ,
               than
               is
               required
               for
               their
               Nourishment
               ,
               and
               so
               not
               the
               whole
               Blood
               ,
               as
               in
               those
               that
               have
               fleshy
               Lungs
               .
            
             
               9.
               
               This
               Elasticity
               is
               requisite
               to
               Life
               ,
               as
               it
               keeps
               in
               a
               Springy
               Motion
               ,
               and
               so
               Life
               ceases
               ,
               either
               upon
               a
               Stoppage
               of
               the
               Air
               Externally
               ,
               
               as
               in
               a
               Glass
               ,
               or
               Internally
               ,
               as
               we
               see
               is
               the
               Effect
               of
               Damps
               ,
               which
               by
               some
               ,
               and
               those
               great
               Men
               ,
               have
               ,
               by
               mistake
               ,
               been
               conceiv'd
               to
               contain
               Poysonous
               Matter
               ,
               and
               to
               perform
               it
               on
               that
               account
               ,
               but
               the
               contrary
               is
               evident
               ,
               since
               in
               Pump-wells
               the
               Water
               is
               wholsome
               ,
               and
               a
               new
               built
               House
               ,
               from
               the
               Lime
               and
               Mortar
               ,
               shall
               have
               the
               same
               .
            
             
               10.
               
               On
               the
               same
               Reason
               ,
               Animals
               dye
               in
               the
               exhausted
               Receiver
               ,
               upon
               the
               unbending
               the
               Spring
               ,
               by
               Exhaustion
               .
               And
               it
               is
               worthy
               remark
               ,
               that
               Animals
               taken
               out
               before
               expiring
               ,
               are
               not
               recover'd
               by
               admission
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               which
               affects
               not
               soon
               enough
               the
               lesser
               or
               remoter
               Springyness
               .
               
                 Acad.
                 del
                 cimento
              
               .
            
             
               11.
               
               That
               the
               Parts
               and
               Juyces
               of
               Animals
               are
               Elastick
               ,
               appears
               to
               me
               asserted
               in
               the
               Experiments
               of
               the
               Honourable
               Mr.
               Boyle
               .
            
             
               12.
               
               That
               Air
               is
               admitted
               to
               the
               Blood
               ,
               I
               need
               no
               other
               Argument
               ,
               but
               that
               the
               Blood
               continues
               to
               follow
               upon
               Bleeding
               .
            
             
               13.
               
               That
               the
               Air
               is
               not
               admitted
               to
               the
               Brain
               and
               Nerves
               ,
               or
               to
               any
               of
               the
               Specifick
               Juyce
               of
               the
               Animal
               ,
               I
               argue
               again
               from
               the
               like
               reason
               .
            
             
               From
               all
               which
               I
               deduce
               ,
               that
               an
               Apoplexy
               is
               produced
               by
               the
               admission
               of
               Air
               ,
               or
               Elastick
               Parts
               ,
               to
               the
               Medulla
               or
               
                 Corpus
                 Callosum
              
               of
               the
               Brain
               And
               that
               this
               Air
               and
               Lethiserous
               parts
               are
               admitted
               by
               the
               Mouth
               ,
               and
               so
               by
               the
               way
               of
               the
               Stomach
               ,
               appears
               plainly
               ,
               in
               that
               the
               Fits
               usually
               seize
               immediately
               upon
               plentiful
               Feeding
               .
               
               For
               the
               Glutinous
               parts
               of
               the
               Chyle
               are
               a
               fit
               Vehicle
               ,
               as
               being
               ,
               if
               ill
               concocted
               ,
               Flatulent
               and
               Elastick
               ,
               as
               I
               shall
               farther
               demonstrate
               ,
               when
               I
               come
               to
               the
               
                 Affectio
                 Hypochondriaca
              
               .
            
             
               And
               I
               must
               take
               notice
               of
               the
               Consistency
               of
               this
               Notion
               ,
               which
               is
               confirm'd
               by
               that
               Affection
               so
               often
               passing
               into
               this
               Distemper
               .
            
             
               That
               this
               sudden
               Death
               comes
               not
               from
               the
               other
               Causes
               I
               named
               ,
               is
               evident
               from
               many
               Reasons
               ,
               which
               I
               have
               not
               room
               here
               for
               :
               The
               most
               difficult
               Phoenomenon
               to
               be
               solv'd
               ,
               that
               appears
               to
               me
               ,
               is
               the
               Apoplexy
               seizing
               Faemellae
               upon
               the
               difficulty
               of
               Eruption
               of
               the
               Catamenia
               ,
               at
               the
               second
               Septenary
               .
               To
               which
               we
               can
               only
               say
               ,
               that
               the
               Plethora
               is
               apparent
               ,
               and
               the
               Weakness
               of
               the
               Brain
               ,
               though
               we
               see
               not
               how
               the
               Brain
               ,
               and
               
                 Genus
                 Nervosum
              
               ,
               is
               concern'd
               in
               this
               ,
               nor
               know
               its
               Motion
               ;
               for
               I
               allow
               the
               antecedent
               Causes
               of
               a
               Turgid
               Blood
               ,
               and
               a
               weak
               Brain
               ,
               to
               have
               place
               in
               this
               Distemper
               .
               This
               my
               Hypothesis
               ,
               I
               think
               ,
               naturally
               consequent
               to
               the
               just
               Notions
               of
               the
               Air
               and
               Brain
               ,
               and
               well
               accounts
               for
               the
               Spuma
               at
               the
               Nostrils
               and
               Mouth
               ,
               and
               for
               the
               Difficulty
               of
               Breathing
               ,
               or
               Cessation
               of
               Respiration
               attended
               with
               an
               entire
               Pulse
               ,
               which
               thus
               may
               be
               carried
               on
               ,
               and
               the
               main
               Design
               of
               Respiration
               cease
               .
               This
               gives
               the
               reason
               of
               the
               Distention
               of
               the
               Lungs
               in
               the
               Apoplectick
               that
               is
               mention'd
               by
               Wepferus
               ,
               if
               the
               Elasticity
               of
               the
               Internal
               parts
               of
               the
               Lungs
               ,
               can
               but
               be
               supposed
               to
               do
               the
               same
               that
               the
               removing
               of
               the
               Incumbent
               
               Atmosphere
               in
               an
               exhausted
               Receiver
               did
               on
               some
               Animals
               ,
               in
               which
               the
               Academy
               
                 del
                 Cimento
              
               observ'd
               the
               Lungs
               to
               swell
               ,
               and
               to
               Forth
               at
               the
               Mouth
               :
               And
               thus
               we
               may
               solve
               the
               Difficulty
               observ'd
               by
               the
               Ancients
               ,
               why
               this
               Distemper
               affects
               only
               the
               Chest
               or
               Breast
               .
               The
               only
               thing
               that
               we
               want
               to
               be
               satisfied
               of
               is
               ,
               secondly
               ,
               what
               that
               is
               in
               the
               Air
               that
               induces
               this
               Distemper
               now
               to
               be
               so
               rise
               ,
               whence
               we
               may
               come
               at
               the
               
                 Indoles
                 materiae
                 morbisicae
              
               .
               And
               that
               I
               may
               not
               enter
               into
               that
               vast
               Field
               ,
               of
               the
               Cause
               of
               Seasons
               ,
               and
               the
               like
               Effects
               ,
               which
               are
               taken
               into
               the
               Hand
               of
               God's
               particular
               Providence
               to
               manage
               ,
               I
               shall
               confine
               my self
               to
               be
               guided
               by
               these
               few
               Remarks
               :
            
             
               1.
               
               That
               no
               Affections
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               or
               Qualities
               in
               it
               ,
               depend
               on
               any
               Mixture
               of
               Mineral
               Vapours
               ,
               because
               they
               precipitate
               immediately
               ;
               neither
               do
               we
               find
               the
               places
               where
               are
               large
               Eruptions
               of
               them
               ,
               any
               whit
               Sicklier
               ,
               or
               affected
               ,
               otherwise
               than
               other
               places
               :
               And
               then
               ,
               all
               Distempers
               are
               otherwise
               Solvable
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               That
               the
               Qualities
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               that
               affect
               our
               Bodies
               ,
               consist
               not
               in
               ,
               nor
               always
               with
               ;
               those
               that
               may
               be
               supposed
               to
               belong
               to
               the
               grosser
               Air
               of
               our
               Atmosphere
               .
               I
               have
               known
               Animals
               frequent
               some
               Years
               in
               a
               hard
               Frost
               ,
               which
               would
               be
               suppos'd
               to
               be
               pernicious
               to
               them
               ;
               and
               not
               only
               my self
               ,
               but
               that
               most
               extraordinary
               Naturalist
               ,
               and
               universally
               great
               Man
               ,
               and
               my
               honoured
               Friend
               ,
               Mr.
               Ray
               ,
               hath
               
               observed
               ,
               that
               some
               Years
               the
               hardest
               Frost
               hath
               not
               hindred
               the
               Papilio's
               from
               coming
               out
               of
               their
               Chrysitis
               ,
               which
               in
               some
               mild
               Springs
               ,
               shall
               not
               be
               found
               abroad
               so
               soon
               .
               This
               is
               the
               more
               fit
               Instance
               to
               prove
               what
               I
               say
               ,
               must
               be
               acknowledged
               by
               any
               that
               have
               observed
               the
               necessity
               of
               Heat
               ,
               and
               how
               much
               it
               contributes
               to
               the
               Production
               of
               this
               Change.
               
            
             
               3.
               
               That
               there
               are
               some
               Qualities
               in
               the
               Air
               always
               ,
               which
               are
               owing
               to
               the
               parts
               more
               intimately
               mix'd
               with
               it
               ,
               than
               is
               the
               Nitre
               ,
               that
               affects
               us
               with
               Cold
               ,
               and
               which
               passeth
               where
               the
               grosser
               is
               not
               admitted
               .
               This
               is
               observable
               in
               the
               Effects
               it
               has
               on
               Liquors
               ,
               which
               the
               Managers
               of
               them
               are
               forced
               to
               have
               recourse
               to
               ,
               for
               the
               reason
               of
               the
               Disposition
               to
               ferment
               ,
               or
               fret
               ,
               or
               Incapacity
               of
               either
               ,
               Acidity
               and
               the
               like
               .
               All
               which
               some
               Years
               ,
               Liquors
               ,
               especially
               Cyder
               ,
               is
               propense
               to
               ,
               be
               the
               Weather
               what
               it
               will.
               
            
             
               4.
               
               That
               Heat
               and
               Cold
               ,
               Wetness
               or
               Dryness
               of
               Seasons
               ,
               assist
               in
               inflicting
               a
               Disease
               ,
               as
               they
               may
               help
               admit
               these
               Particles
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               That
               I
               have
               observ'd
               these
               Qualities
               of
               the
               Air
               to
               be
               Temporary
               ,
               and
               the
               Diseases
               effected
               by
               the
               Air
               to
               be
               so
               too
               ,
               and
               that
               in
               their
               Continuation
               and
               Variation
               they
               usually
               observe
               the
               Direction
               of
               both
               Causes
               ,
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               Humour
               in
               succeeding
               Distempers
               being
               usually
               traceable
               ,
               as
               the
               Variation
               of
               it
               is
               likewise
               accountable
               .
            
             
             
               Now
               although
               I
               can
               by
               no
               means
               maintain
               ,
               that
               the
               Hypothesis
               of
               that
               Learned
               and
               Ingenious
               Man
               ,
               agrees
               with
               the
               Rise
               and
               Continuance
               of
               this
               Distemper
               ,
               or
               is
               sufficient
               to
               explicate
               it
               ,
               nor
               can
               answer
               for
               the
               Non-appearance
               of
               the
               Distemper
               before
               upon
               the
               same
               occasion
               .
               Yet
               that
               it
               was
               a
               fair
               offer
               at
               the
               Truth
               ,
               and
               affords
               a
               good
               hint
               ,
               is
               remarkably
               to
               be
               taken
               notice
               of
               ,
               in
               that
               this
               Winter
               ,
               in
               which
               more
               have
               died
               Apoplectick
               ,
               and
               that
               in
               the
               Country
               ,
               than
               ever
               was
               taken
               notice
               in
               Man's
               Memory
               ,
               or
               deliver'd
               to
               have
               been
               in
               any
               Age
               ;
               I
               say
               that
               this
               Winter
               should
               be
               ,
               though
               not
               the
               hardest
               ,
               yet
               remarkably
               long
               ,
               does
               seem
               to
               make
               the
               Nitrous
               Air
               a
               sharer
               in
               the
               Cause
               .
               But
               as
               I
               except
               against
               the
               Explication
               of
               this
               Distemper
               ,
               by
               bare
               Obstruction
               or
               Stagnation
               from
               Cold
               ,
               as
               not
               sufficient
               ,
               so
               I
               come
               now
               to
               inquire
               ,
               what
               farther
               knowledge
               of
               this
               the
               Air
               will
               afford
               us
               ,
               assisted
               by
               the
               preceding
               Considerations
               ,
               and
               to
               see
               how
               they
               answer
               here
               ,
               and
               how
               far
               the
               Footsteps
               and
               Changes
               are
               discoverable
               .
               And
               as
               Truth
               is
               not
               surely
               to
               be
               laid
               hold
               on
               ,
               but
               when
               pursued
               by
               a
               natural
               Method
               ,
               so
               I
               wave
               all
               Hypothesis
               ,
               and
               only
               propose
               this
               Maxim
               or
               Rule
               to
               direct
               me
               ,
               which
               I
               take
               to
               be
               too
               necessary
               a
               Deduction
               ,
               to
               be
               deem'd
               a
               begging
               of
               the
               Principle
               .
               The
               Air
               that
               is
               productive
               of
               a
               Distemper
               ,
               must
               produce
               some
               other
               Effects
               in
               differing
               or
               less
               prepar'd
               Constitutions
               ,
               and
               not
               hit
               only
               where
               it
               can
               fully
               execute
               ;
               and
               the
               Disposition
               ,
               
               Particles
               ,
               or
               Qualities
               of
               the
               Air
               may
               reasonably
               be
               inquir'd
               of
               these
               Effects
               ,
               as
               Prints
               of
               its
               footing
               .
            
             
               The
               Diseases
               then
               that
               have
               been
               inflicted
               by
               the
               Air
               this
               Winter
               ,
               have
               been
               Feavers
               [
               which
               I
               shall
               say
               nothing
               more
               of
               ,
               than
               that
               the
               Heat
               was
               gentle
               ,
               that
               they
               were
               Putrid
               ,
               and
               had
               putrid
               Pains
               in
               the
               Sides
               and
               Limbs
               ,
               and
               that
               they
               affected
               the
               Head
               ]
               or
               ulcerating
               Colds
               ,
               so
               I
               name
               them
               ,
               being
               of
               two
               sorts
               ,
               the
               first
               violent
               Fluxes
               of
               the
               Alvus
               ,
               and
               Catamenia
               ,
               the
               other
               Ophthalmys
               ,
               which
               wore
               off
               in
               three
               weeks
               time
               by
               Suppuration
               .
               And
               lastly
               ,
               The
               Small
               Pox
               ,
               which
               appears
               here
               a
               mixture
               of
               the
               preceding
               Distempers
               ,
               or
               Qualities
               in
               the
               Air
               ;
               for
               the
               Air
               here
               gives
               these
               remarkable
               Dispositions
               ,
               1.
               to
               Corrode
               ,
               2.
               to
               attenuating
               ,
               whereby
               the
               parts
               seem
               to
               pierce
               to
               the
               Eyes
               and
               Bowels
               .
               3.
               
               To
               Flatulency
               ,
               all
               which
               include
               a
               tendency
               to
               flow
               .
               Which
               Qualities
               ,
               as
               with
               many
               reasons
               I
               concluded
               to
               be
               Nitrous
               ,
               so
               Vitriols
               mortified
               or
               resisted
               ;
               and
               even
               those
               Fluxes
               of
               the
               Catamenia
               ,
               which
               in
               another
               reason
               Steel
               is
               observ'd
               to
               raise
               and
               increase
               ,
               submitted
               only
               to
               the
               force
               of
               the
               same
               Mineral
               ;
               which
               I
               was
               directed
               to
               by
               some
               further
               Observation
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               which
               is
               too
               long
               for
               this
               Discourse
               :
               Though
               the
               increase
               of
               some
               Fluxes
               of
               this
               kind
               ,
               upon
               the
               taking
               
                 Sal
                 Prunellae
              
               ,
               which
               usually
               gives
               a
               present
               check
               ,
               is
               enough
               to
               advance
               such
               a
               Hint
               .
               The
               last
               Year
               ,
               viz.
               1697.
               entred
               attended
               with
               a
               particular
               sort
               of
               Colds
               ,
               
               that
               induc'd
               an
               irregular
               Feaverishness
               ;
               with
               milinary
               Pimples
               spreading
               upon
               some
               particular
               places
               of
               the
               Body
               ,
               so
               close
               and
               so
               small
               ,
               as
               to
               resemble
               a
               stain
               of
               Claret
               or
               other
               Scarlet
               Liquor
               ;
               which
               superceded
               by
               Tumour
               of
               other
               parts
               ,
               and
               Sickness
               ,
               in
               some
               prov'd
               Mortal
               .
               At
               the
               same
               time
               another
               Distemper
               was
               found
               invading
               ,
               though
               Sparsim
               only
               ,
               which
               began
               about
               the
               Michaelmas
               preceding
               ,
               and
               continued
               to
               the
               middle
               of
               the
               last
               Year
               ,
               which
               first
               invaded
               the
               Patient
               with
               want
               of
               Rest
               only
               ,
               and
               unaptness
               of
               the
               Brain
               for
               it
               ,
               wherein
               the
               Patient
               that
               was
               entirely
               well
               up
               ,
               and
               had
               no
               complaint
               ,
               but
               upon
               lying
               down
               and
               disposure
               to
               slumber
               ,
               was
               sensible
               of
               such
               Distraction
               and
               Uneasiness
               of
               the
               Head
               ,
               as
               oblig'd
               him
               to
               fly
               up
               immediately
               .
               This
               Distemper
               continuing
               ,
               brought
               a
               Cough
               without
               raising
               ,
               and
               a
               sort
               of
               an
               Icteritia
               ,
               with
               Shortness
               of
               Breath
               ,
               and
               frequent
               and
               sudden
               Apprehensions
               of
               a
               Deliquium
               .
               The
               Year
               1696
               enter'd
               with
               the
               same
               sort
               of
               Colds
               ,
               and
               with
               the
               Spring
               brought
               Epileptick
               Distempers
               ,
               which
               wore
               off
               with
               Scabbiness
               ;
               and
               many
               People
               ,
               Young
               and
               Old
               ,
               were
               surpriz'd
               with
               Vertigo's
               ;
               and
               others
               with
               Tumours
               in
               the
               Throats
               ,
               and
               corroding
               Ulcers
               ,
               curable
               by
               Astringents
               only
               that
               were
               Vitrioline
               .
               In
               1695
               Deliriums
               were
               frequent
               .
               In
               1694
               Feavers
               that
               seem'd
               to
               have
               their
               Seat
               in
               the
               Glands
               ,
               and
               were
               attended
               with
               great
               Acidity
               of
               the
               Saliva
               or
               Liquor
               of
               the
               Tonsillae
               .
               And
               from
               three
               Years
               before
               reign'd
               Nervous
               Rheumatisms
               ,
               
               a
               Distemper
               very
               unusual
               ,
               from
               the
               acuteness
               of
               the
               Pain
               ;
               the
               mortal
               Consequence
               of
               them
               ,
               and
               the
               puffiness
               of
               the
               Tumours
               ,
               very
               remarkable
               :
               This
               Disease
               hath
               continued
               hitherto
               ,
               but
               abating
               .
            
             
               I
               engage
               not
               my self
               to
               solve
               or
               account
               for
               all
               these
               Changes
               of
               Diseases
               ,
               or
               the
               reason
               of
               them
               ;
               it
               is
               sufficient
               that
               none
               of
               these
               Cases
               were
               attended
               with
               any
               apparent
               Feaver
               ,
               the
               Matter
               was
               in
               all
               seated
               in
               the
               Membranes
               ,
               the
               part
               affected
               in
               all
               was
               puffy
               ,
               the
               Distempers
               frequently
               chang'd
               one
               into
               another
               ,
               affected
               the
               Head
               and
               Nerves
               ,
               cur'd
               by
               the
               same
               means
               ,
               which
               were
               Vitriolick
               ,
               and
               were
               admitted
               by
               a
               wet
               Constitution
               of
               the
               Air.
               So
               without
               making
               inquiry
               into
               the
               Origine
               and
               Commencement
               of
               this
               Disposition
               ,
               and
               Reason
               of
               it
               ,
               it
               is
               sufficient
               that
               I
               illustrate
               the
               Seat
               and
               Nature
               of
               this
               Distemper
               ,
               and
               I
               think
               I
               must
               be
               allow'd
               that
               these
               Diseases
               proceeded
               from
               the
               same
               common
               Cause
               and
               Humour
               ,
               and
               were
               transferrible
               into
               each
               other
               ,
               and
               have
               liberty
               to
               conclude
               first
               ,
               That
               this
               Peccant
               Humour
               was
               seated
               in
               the
               Membranes
               .
               2.
               
               That
               it
               was
               flatulent
               ,
               and
               had
               a
               flatulent
               Acidity
               .
               3.
               
               That
               the
               Matter
               was
               Nitrous
               .
               Neither
               think
               I
               my self
               oblig●d
               ,
               to
               account
               for
               the
               Determination
               of
               the
               Seat
               of
               this
               Humour
               ,
               or
               the
               reason
               of
               taking
               Cold
               ,
               but
               shall
               from
               the
               evident
               Causes
               ,
               Matter
               and
               Seat
               of
               it
               ,
               inferr
               ,
            
             
             
               That
               an
               Apoplexy
               is
               a
               sudden
               Deprivation
               of
               Life
               ,
               by
               admission
               of
               Airy
               Elastick
               Parts
               into
               the
               
                 Caudex
                 Cerebri
              
               ,
               together
               with
               Thick
               and
               Turgid
               Chyle
               ,
               and
               is
               owing
               to
               a
               Corrosive
               Nitrosity
               and
               Fluor
               of
               the
               Blood
               ,
               and
               Weakness
               of
               the
               Vessels
               ,
               or
               containing
               Parts
               of
               the
               Caudex
               effected
               by
               Cold
               ,
               the
               way
               being
               firs
               forced
               in
               the
               anterior
               part
               of
               the
               Cortex
               .
            
             
               I
               think
               this
               a
               sufficient
               Notion
               of
               it
               as
               a
               Disease
               ,
               but
               contradict
               not
               the
               difference
               that
               must
               be
               made
               of
               Apoplexies
               inflicted
               by
               Force
               ,
               as
               Drinking
               ,
               &c.
               or
               gradual
               ones
               .
            
             
               Having
               thus
               fix'd
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               Distemper
               ,
               the
               Intentions
               of
               Cure
               are
               drawn
               from
               the
               Morbid
               Dispositions
               ,
               which
               are
               ,
            
             
               1.
               
               Nitrosity
               of
               the
               Blood
               ,
               which
               indeed
               is
               the
               Reason
               it
               is
               so
               very
               Florid
               in
               Apoplexies
               ;
               and
               to
               this
               is
               owing
               its
               Fluidity
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               The
               Weakness
               of
               the
               Vessels
               from
               Cold
               received
               by
               them
               ,
               and
               by
               this
               I
               understand
               a
               Clog
               of
               a
               disabled
               Serum
               ,
               considering
               the
               Nature
               of
               Cold
               in
               gross
               ,
               as
               separating
               the
               Juyces
               ,
               and
               so
               mortifying
               them
               ,
               as
               to
               put
               them
               past
               Reduction
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               The
               Exorbitancy
               of
               Chyle
               ,
               that
               maintains
               and
               conveighs
               Elastick
               Flatulent
               Parts
               .
            
             
               All
               which
               indicate
               the
               Astriction
               ,
               and
               other
               Qualities
               I
               observ'd
               before
               to
               be
               in
               Vitrioline
               
               Waters
               ,
               and
               the
               Requisites
               that
               capacitate
               them
               for
               all
               this
               ,
               are
               in
               full
               Virtue
               only
               found
               in
               this
               ●pecies
               ;
               where
               the
               Astriction
               is
               strongest
               ,
               and
               the
               quantity
               of
               Steel
               not
               so
               considerable
               ,
               as
               to
               increase
               the
               Heat
               or
               Turgency
               of
               the
               Blood
               ,
               in
               both
               which
               this
               kind
               exceed
               the
               other
               two
               ;
               though
               I
               cannot
               but
               judge
               ,
               that
               a
               Premission
               of
               the
               thin
               light
               sort
               ,
               may
               in
               some
               cases
               assist
               in
               more
               effectual
               preparatory
               Cleansing
               the
               Brain
               ,
               and
               be
               very
               properly
               directed
               to
               precede
               .
               Indeed
               the
               
                 Hypochondriaca
                 Affectio
              
               does
               so
               often
               dispose
               to
               this
               Distemper
               ,
               that
               as
               it
               will
               confirm
               much
               this
               Account
               ,
               so
               will
               much
               recommend
               this
               Method
               .
               It
               does
               not
               belong
               to
               this
               History
               ,
               to
               deliver
               an
               entire
               Process
               or
               Method
               of
               Cure
               ,
               nor
               am
               I
               so
               opinionated
               of
               my
               own
               Ability
               ,
               as
               to
               prescribe
               it
               to
               others
               of
               my
               Faculty
               ;
               yet
               because
               this
               Discourse
               may
               come
               into
               other
               Mens
               hands
               ,
               that
               may
               judge
               this
               Digression
               Fruitless
               ,
               without
               some
               Improvement
               of
               it
               ,
               I
               shall
               ,
               for
               the
               sake
               of
               the
               Fury
               and
               Suddenness
               of
               this
               Distemper
               ,
               give
               some
               Observations
               of
               mine
               ,
               that
               may
               help
               to
               occurr
               or
               prevent
               it
               ,
               or
               assist
               ,
               at
               least
               ,
               in
               shortning
               the
               Process
               ,
               and
               fit
               it
               for
               an
               Extemporany
               Occasion
               .
               And
               though
               as
               Cases
               may
               much
               differ
               ,
               so
               a
               
                 Plethora
                 Sanguinis
                 ,
                 Colluvies
                 Serosa
              
               ,
               or
               Viscous
               Phlegm
               ,
               Obstruction
               of
               the
               Catamenia
               ,
               and
               the
               like
               ,
               is
               to
               be
               consulted
               when
               they
               are
               in
               the
               Cause
               ;
               yet
               the
               checking
               the
               Fury
               of
               the
               Blood
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               clearing
               the
               passages
               to
               the
               Brain
               ,
               is
               best
               performsd
               by
               Chalybeats
               ,
               
               and
               to
               more
               good
               Effect
               ,
               than
               by
               Bleeding
               ,
               &c.
               and
               differ
               not
               so
               much
               in
               the
               Cure
               ,
               as
               they
               seem
               to
               do
               in
               the
               Cause
               ;
               and
               my
               Observations
               I
               shall
               deliver
               briefly
               thus
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               That
               for
               Prevention
               (
               besides
               the
               removing
               any
               known
               Cause
               or
               Occasion
               )
               the
               best
               Deobstruents
               are
               such
               as
               joyn
               and
               mix
               with
               the
               Matter
               they
               are
               to
               exterminate
               ;
               of
               this
               sort
               is
               
                 Sapo
                 venet
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Vrines
                 humane
              
               ,
               or
               perhaps
               of
               other
               Animals
               ;
               and
               these
               to
               be
               promoted
               to
               the
               use
               of
               Chalybeat
               Astringents
               ,
               where
               these
               Waters
               claim
               their
               place
               .
               Only
               I
               must
               mind
               the
               Reader
               ,
               that
               if
               such
               a
               Relaxation
               of
               the
               Vessels
               of
               the
               Brain
               attend
               it
               ,
               as
               appears
               by
               preceding
               vertiginous
               Warnings
               ,
               I
               must
               after
               the
               use
               of
               the
               Waters
               ,
               dismiss
               the
               Patient
               to
               Mr.
               
               Boyle's
               Ens
               ,
               which
               in
               the
               preceding
               Distempers
               of
               the
               Membranes
               of
               the
               Brain
               ,
               I
               have
               experienc'd
               to
               be
               most
               Effectual
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               As
               the
               other
               Method
               is
               to
               prevent
               and
               restore
               ,
               so
               for
               the
               present
               Relief
               in
               the
               Assault
               ,
               Emeticks
               and
               Catharticks
               usually
               distinguish
               themselves
               :
               The
               other
               general
               and
               particular
               Evacuations
               fall
               not
               under
               my
               Cognizance
               ,
               writing
               a
               System
               being
               not
               my
               design
               ,
               yet
               Sternutatories
               must
               not
               escape
               my
               Reflection
               ,
               which
               I
               have
               ever
               observed
               to
               hasten
               the
               approaching
               Death
               ,
               to
               which
               the
               Nature
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               the
               Violence
               of
               the
               Motion
               made
               by
               Sneezing
               ,
               dispose
               them
               ;
               and
               are
               fit
               only
               to
               put
               the
               Patient
               past
               Remedy
               with
               speed
               .
               And
               as
               this
               Monition
               is
               necessary
               here
               ,
               so
               a
               due
               Caution
               about
               
               Diet
               ,
               which
               forbids
               eating
               Pork
               ,
               or
               Eggs
               ,
               〈◊〉
               Meat
               of
               thick
               ,
               high
               and
               flatulent
               Nourishment
               ,
               is
               necessary
               to
               be
               observ'd
               with
               respect
               to
               Prevention
               .
               Other
               Particulars
               that
               regard
               the
               Constitution
               of
               the
               Patient
               ,
               or
               Predisposition
               to
               this
               Distemper
               that
               the
               Physician
               is
               to
               judge
               of
               ,
               lye
               not
               here
               before
               me
               .
               Thus
               much
               as
               to
               the
               Apoplexy
               .
            
             
               There
               are
               many
               other
               Distempers
               ,
               wherein
               a
               Water
               of
               this
               kind
               is
               peculiarly
               proper
               to
               master
               and
               remove
               flatulent
               and
               viscous
               Matter
               ,
               and
               to
               curb
               the
               Turgescence
               of
               a
               florid
               Blood
               ,
               as
               in
               the
               Cephalick
               Disorders
               of
               Elder
               Women
               ,
               &c.
               and
               that
               I
               may
               not
               proceed
               upon
               Suggestions
               of
               Reason
               only
               ,
               I
               shall
               recite
               the
               Virtues
               of
               Knaresborow
               Water
               from
               the
               Observation
               of
               Dr.
               French
               ,
               in
               his
               words
               .
            
             
               
                 This
                 Water
                 Cools
                 and
                 Moistens
                 actually
                 ,
                 Heats
                 and
                 Dries
                 potentially
                 ,
                 and
                 according
                 to
                 other
                 Qualities
                 ,
                 second
                 and
                 third
                 ,
                 it
                 cuts
                 ,
                 dissolves
                 ,
                 attenuates
                 ,
                 abstergeth
                 ,
                 viscous
                 tartarous
                 Humours
                 in
                 the
                 Stomach
                 ,
                 Mesentery
                 ,
                 Hypochondries
                 ,
                 Reins
                 ,
                 Bladder
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Penetrates
                 ,
                 Corroborates
                 ,
                 Astringeth
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 It
                 allays
                 all
                 acid
                 ,
                 gnawing
                 and
                 hot
                 Humours
                 ,
                 and
                 Cures
                 all
                 such
                 Symptoms
                 as
                 proceed
                 from
                 thence
                 ,
                 as
                 Agues
                 ,
                 Consumptions
                 ,
                 Quinsies
                 ,
                 Tumours
                 ,
                 Imposthumes
                 ,
                 Ulcers
                 ,
                 Wounds
                 ;
                 it
                 stops
                 Bleeding
                 ,
                 the
                 Over-flowing
                 of
                 Choller
                 ,
                 the
                 Dissentery
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 Fluxes
                 .
              
            
             
             
               
                 It
                 Corroborates
                 the
                 Brain
                 ,
                 Nerves
                 ,
                 &c.
                 and
                 prevents
                 or
                 cures
                 the
                 Apoplexy
                 ,
                 Epilepsie
                 ,
                 Palsie
                 ,
                 Vertigo
                 ,
                 Inveterate
                 Headach
                 ,
                 and
                 Madness
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 such
                 Symptoms
                 as
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 Weakness
                 ,
                 Coldness
                 ,
                 Heat
                 ,
                 Dryness
                 or
                 Moisture
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 It
                 Corroborates
                 the
                 Stomach
                 ,
                 and
                 causeth
                 good
                 Digestion
                 ,
                 consumes
                 Crudities
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 Causes
                 of
                 Obstructions
                 ,
                 and
                 breed
                 ill
                 Blood
                 and
                 infirm
                 Flesh
                 ,
                 or
                 an
                 ill
                 habit
                 of
                 Body
                 ;
                 it
                 maketh
                 the
                 Fat
                 Lean
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Lean
                 Fleshy
                 ;
                 cureth
                 and
                 preventeth
                 the
                 Cholick
                 and
                 Worms
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 It
                 strengthneth
                 and
                 openeth
                 the
                 Lungs
                 ,
                 Liver
                 ,
                 Spleen
                 ,
                 Mesentery
                 ,
                 and
                 cureth
                 difficulty
                 of
                 Breathing
                 ,
                 the
                 Asthma
                 ,
                 the
                 Dropsie
                 ,
                 Melancholly
                 and
                 fearful
                 Passions
                 ,
                 Hypochondriacal
                 Wind
                 and
                 Vapours
                 (
                 offending
                 the
                 Head
                 and
                 Heart
                 )
                 which
                 most
                 Women
                 and
                 many
                 Men
                 are
                 afflicted
                 withall
                 .
                 It
                 doth
                 also
                 upon
                 this
                 account
                 chear
                 the
                 Heart
                 ,
                 cure
                 and
                 prevent
                 the
                 Palpitations
                 and
                 Passions
                 thereof
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 all
                 Faintings
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 It
                 purifieth
                 the
                 Blood
                 ,
                 cures
                 the
                 Scurvy
                 ,
                 even
                 in
                 those
                 whose
                 Teeth
                 are
                 ready
                 to
                 drop
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Heads
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Extremity
                 thereof
                 ;
                 also
                 the
                 Foul
                 Venereal
                 Disease
                 ,
                 Leprosie
                 ,
                 Jaundies
                 Yellow
                 and
                 Black
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 more
                 perfect
                 effecting
                 of
                 these
                 Cures
                 ,
                 it
                 doth
                 in
                 many
                 open
                 the
                 Haemorrhoids
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 It
                 provoketh
                 Urine
                 ,
                 and
                 cureth
                 the
                 Suppression
                 ,
                 and
                 allays
                 the
                 Sharpness
                 thereof
                 ;
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 it
                 diminisheth
                 the
                 Stone
                 in
                 the
                 Bladder
                 ,
                 by
                 dissolving
                 the
                 soft
                 Superficial
                 parts
                 thereof
                 ,
                 and
                 evacuating
                 that
                 mucous
                 slimy
                 Water
                 in
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 involved
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 also
                 it
                 prepares
                 it
                 for
                 Cutting
                 ,
                 for
                 sometimes
                 this
                 Stone
                 cannot
                 be
                 felt
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 that
                 slimy
                 Mucous
                 ,
                 which
                 Mucous
                 it self
                 doth
                 also
                 sometimes
                 ,
                 by
                 its
                 Torments
                 ,
                 counterfeit
                 the
                 Stone
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 is
                 collected
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 quantity
                 ,
                 being
                 of
                 an
                 acid
                 tartarous
                 Nature
                 .
                 It
                 forceth
                 out
                 from
                 the
                 Kidneys
                 and
                 Bladder
                 abundance
                 of
                 Sand
                 and
                 small
                 Stones
                 to
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 as
                 big
                 and
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 long
                 Pepper
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 it
                 cures
                 all
                 Ulcers
                 and
                 Wounds
                 in
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 so
                 especially
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 sooner
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Reins
                 and
                 Bladder
                 ;
                 suppressing
                 also
                 the
                 Pissing
                 of
                 Blood
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Gonorrhaea
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 It
                 cures
                 the
                 Gout
                 ,
                 Aches
                 ,
                 Cramp
                 ,
                 Convulsion
                 in
                 what
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 soever
                 ,
                 and
                 giveth
                 ease
                 therein
                 suddenly
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 It
                 openeth
                 all
                 Obstructions
                 ,
                 and
                 suppresseth
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Over-flowings
                 in
                 Women
                 ,
                 strengthneth
                 ,
                 cureth
                 the
                 Mother
                 ,
                 maketh
                 the
                 Barren
                 Fruitful
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 Preventative
                 against
                 Miscarryings
                 ,
                 and
                 rectifies
                 most
                 Infirmities
                 of
                 the
                 Vterus
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Note
                 ,
                 That
                 this
                 Water
                 doth
                 not
                 help
                 all
                 parts
                 ,
                 cure
                 all
                 these
                 Infirmities
                 ,
                 after
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 ,
                 some
                 being
                 reliev'd
                 by
                 consent
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 removing
                 Obstructions
                 of
                 other
                 parts
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 also
                 used
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Insession
                 in
                 Griefs
                 of
                 the
                 Womb
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Injection
                 
                 into
                 that
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 into
                 the
                 Bowels
                 and
                 Bladder
                 ,
                 where
                 all
                 the
                 Qualities
                 act
                 immediately
                 upon
                 those
                 parts
                 ;
                 allay
                 the
                 sharp
                 and
                 hot
                 Distempers
                 ,
                 mitigate
                 the
                 Pains
                 thereof
                 ,
                 Healing
                 and
                 Corroborating
                 the
                 same
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 It
                 may
                 moreover
                 be
                 used
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Fomentation
                 and
                 Losson
                 in
                 external
                 Wounds
                 ,
                 Ulcers
                 ,
                 Itch
                 or
                 Scabs
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 drop'd
                 into
                 Sore
                 Eyes
                 wonderfully
                 cooleth
                 ,
                 dryeth
                 and
                 cleareth
                 the
                 same
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 In
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 If
                 any
                 Intentions
                 in
                 a
                 Medicinal
                 way
                 ,
                 be
                 to
                 be
                 perform'd
                 by
                 allaying
                 Distempers
                 ,
                 opening
                 Obstructions
                 ,
                 evacuating
                 superfluous
                 Morbifick
                 Humours
                 ,
                 and
                 Corroborating
                 all
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 those
                 are
                 effected
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 good
                 measure
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 fully
                 and
                 perfectly
                 ,
                 by
                 this
                 Water
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 And
                 I
                 my self
                 have
                 seen
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 aforenam'd
                 Diseases
                 cured
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 thereof
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 other
                 Cures
                 effected
                 thereby
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 been
                 assur'd
                 by
                 them
                 themselves
                 who
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 Benefit
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 others
                 who
                 have
                 been
                 Eye-witnesses
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 .
                 Thus
                 far
                 Dr.
                 French.
                 
              
            
             
               To
               the
               right
               understanding
               and
               due
               use
               of
               all
               which
               ,
               I
               shall
               observe
               ,
               That
               the
               Cure
               of
               the
               Foul
               Disease
               can
               be
               suppos'd
               to
               be
               put
               partial
               ;
               unless
               that
               Distemper
               be
               taken
               in
               a
               less
               strict
               Sense
               ;
               and
               passing
               the
               Notion
               of
               Diminishing
               the
               Stone
               ,
               which
               I
               had
               rather
               express
               by
               the
               preventing
               the
               increase
               of
               its
               growth
               ,
               I
               shall
               for
               the
               fixing
               Experience
               right
               ,
               make
               
               this
               Remark
               ,
               which
               may
               be
               usefully
               apply'd
               to
               all
               the
               Waters
               ,
               
               which
               is
               ,
               That
               in
               some
               Distempers
               (
               as
               Dropsie
               ,
               Convulsions
               ,
               Jaundies
               and
               Gout
               )
               constant
               Success
               and
               entire
               Cure
               is
               not
               to
               be
               expected
               ,
               without
               regard
               to
               the
               State
               of
               the
               Disease
               ,
               the
               Age
               and
               Firmness
               of
               it
               ,
               the
               Cause
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               the
               Distempers
               complicated
               with
               it
               .
               Thus
               a
               Dropsie
               may
               not
               submit
               to
               this
               Remedy
               ,
               not
               only
               from
               the
               Firmness
               of
               the
               Obstruction
               ,
               but
               also
               from
               the
               Constitution
               and
               Laxity
               of
               the
               Patient
               ,
               from
               the
               nature
               of
               the
               Disease
               ,
               (
               which
               I
               have
               observ'd
               sometimes
               to
               be
               from
               a
               Weakness
               of
               the
               Membranes
               ,
               by
               Flatulent
               Matter
               contain'd
               in
               them
               )
               or
               from
               the
               Disease
               inducing
               it
               .
               Convulsions
               here
               have
               remedy
               only
               adequated
               to
               the
               Cause
               ,
               be
               it
               a
               flatulent
               putrid
               Matter
               (
               which
               usually
               gives
               the
               Distemper
               the
               Denomination
               of
               Worms
               ,
               from
               the
               effect
               of
               it
               ,
               )
               or
               be
               it
               from
               Melancholy
               Hypoch
               .
               and
               Vapours
               Hysterical
               :
               But
               if
               seated
               in
               the
               Brain
               ,
               or
               supervening
               an
               Ague
               ,
               or
               in
               a
               cold
               Constitution
               ,
               I
               think
               here
               can
               scarce
               have
               a
               proper
               Remedy
               .
               So
               the
               Jaundies
               I
               acknowledge
               have
               been
               often
               cur'd
               by
               these
               Waters
               ,
               and
               some
               of
               the
               Purging
               ones
               ,
               when
               it
               ow'd
               its
               Rise
               to
               an
               Obstruction
               of
               the
               Catamenia
               ,
               a
               Clog
               of
               Phlegm
               ,
               or
               uncocted
               Chyle
               ,
               or
               Melancholy
               ,
               but
               I
               must
               not
               allow
               these
               ,
               or
               any
               Waters
               ,
               to
               cure
               this
               Disease
               
                 de
                 Essentia
              
               .
               I
               think
               this
               Caution
               necessary
               to
               the
               understanding
               the
               proper
               Use
               of
               these
               and
               all
               Waters
               ,
               which
               by
               the
               help
               of
               
               this
               may
               be
               distinctly
               known
               ,
               and
               is
               of
               the
               greater
               Importance
               ,
               since
               upon
               many
               accounts
               Empirical
               Use
               of
               these
               ,
               and
               all
               other
               Remedies
               ,
               is
               found
               to
               be
               of
               Fatal
               Consequence
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               Virtues
               of
               the
               Atramentous
               Waters
               .
            
             
               THese
               Waters
               ,
               though
               they
               have
               the
               same
               Virtues
               with
               other
               Chalybeat
               Waters
               in
               some
               degree
               ,
               and
               create
               an
               Appetite
               ,
               and
               wash
               the
               Viscera
               ,
               yet
               penetrate
               not
               so
               far
               ,
               open
               not
               Obstructions
               so
               well
               ,
               but
               are
               apt
               to
               raise
               a
               Heat
               in
               the
               Blood
               ,
               disagreeing
               to
               the
               design'd
               Effect
               ,
               have
               not
               that
               Acidity
               ,
               nor
               calm
               Astringence
               .
               These
               inrich
               the
               Blood
               ,
               and
               where
               that
               is
               necessary
               ,
               and
               Obstructions
               remote
               do
               not
               contraindicate
               ,
               may
               happily
               be
               us'd
               ;
               and
               in
               the
               Stone
               are
               Competitors
               with
               others
               .
               Agricola
               concludes
               these
               Effects
               ,
               as
               in
               common
               with
               other
               Vitrioline
               Waters
               .
               To
               cure
               Corroding
               Ulcers
               ,
               Ulcers
               of
               the
               Bladder
               and
               Kidneys
               ,
               in
               the
               Mouth
               ,
               Weakness
               of
               the
               Nerves
               ,
               a
               weak
               Stomach
               they
               help
               :
               And
               they
               may
               be
               used
               Internally
               and
               Externally
               .
               But
               in
               Gout
               ,
               Stone
               ,
               or
               in
               Obstruction
               of
               the
               Glands
               ,
               and
               smaller
               Vessels
               ,
               are
               not
               to
               be
               used
               without
               Danger
               or
               Inconvenience
               ,
               so
               not
               in
               Hypochondriacal
               Cases
               .
               These
               are
               valuable
               
               in
               proportion
               ,
               as
               they
               are
               rich
               of
               Steel
               ,
               keep
               it
               long
               ,
               and
               have
               little
               bulk
               of
               Salt.
               
            
          
           
             
               The
               Virtues
               of
               the
               Light
               Chalybeat
               Waters
               .
            
             
               THE
               Extraordinary
               Virtue
               of
               this
               sort
               consists
               in
               ,
               that
               as
               the
               Chalybeat
               Principles
               are
               in
               these
               most
               clean
               ,
               so
               the
               Spirit
               most
               thin
               ,
               and
               the
               Water
               both
               light
               and
               thin
               .
               And
               so
               we
               have
               their
               Virtues
               not
               only
               most
               full
               here
               ,
               but
               somewhat
               differing
               :
               They
               invigorate
               the
               Blood
               without
               Heating
               ,
               penetrate
               farther
               without
               Inconvenience
               ,
               Volatilize
               ,
               Attenuate
               more
               ,
               and
               their
               Acidity
               goes
               off
               without
               leaving
               impression
               behind
               it
               preternatural
               .
               Thus
               as
               the
               heavy
               Waters
               that
               contain
               less
               of
               the
               Steel
               ,
               and
               whose
               Acidity
               is
               of
               a
               more
               fix'd
               Nature
               ,
               have
               a
               peculiarity
               of
               Astringing
               without
               Heating
               ;
               so
               this
               sort
               are
               extraordinarily
               qualify'd
               for
               opening
               Obstructions
               ,
               but
               seem
               not
               to
               have
               the
               same
               power
               of
               Astringing
               in
               an
               equal
               degree
               :
               And
               on
               this
               account
               they
               do
               not
               mortifie
               a
               Scorbutick
               ,
               Leprous
               Humour
               or
               Itch
               so
               well
               ,
               nor
               are
               so
               powerful
               to
               stop
               Fluxes
               of
               Blood.
               I
               think
               fit
               to
               observe
               these
               different
               Effects
               ,
               which
               being
               remark'd
               ,
               I
               refer
               the
               Reader
               for
               the
               reputed
               Virtues
               of
               these
               Chalybeats
               ,
               to
               the
               Virtues
               of
               the
               Knaresborow
               Water
               .
               I
               shall
               therefore
               pass
               on
               to
               examine
               
               what
               Obstructions
               they
               remove
               ,
               which
               I
               shall
               do
               ,
               by
               exhibiting
               only
               Histories
               of
               my
               own
               Observation
               ;
               and
               from
               thence
               further
               to
               enlighten
               the
               use
               of
               them
               .
            
             
               Among
               the
               Cures
               of
               this
               kind
               ,
               none
               is
               more
               familiar
               than
               that
               of
               the
               Stone
               ,
               by
               removing
               the
               Disposition
               to
               the
               Generation
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               restoring
               a
               good
               habit
               ,
               as
               well
               to
               the
               whole
               Body
               ,
               as
               to
               the
               parts
               immediately
               concern'd
               .
               And
               although
               this
               Cure
               is
               perform'd
               by
               a
               timely
               Precipitation
               of
               the
               earthy
               parts
               out
               of
               the
               Latex
               and
               Juyces
               of
               the
               parts
               ,
               and
               restoring
               their
               natures
               ;
               and
               so
               is
               owing
               to
               the
               Qualities
               that
               these
               Chalybeat
               Waters
               seem
               to
               enjoy
               in
               common
               ;
               yet
               the
               fineness
               and
               penetration
               of
               this
               sort
               of
               them
               ,
               must
               be
               allow'd
               an
               extraordinary
               Qualification
               .
            
             
               But
               the
               Obstructions
               that
               I
               principally
               intend
               here
               ,
               are
               such
               as
               yield
               to
               no
               other
               Remedy
               ,
               so
               constantly
               at
               least
               ;
               and
               whose
               fatal
               Consequence
               gives
               these
               Waters
               an
               inestimable
               value
               .
               Of
               this
               sort
               ,
               I
               reckon
               first
               an
               Obstruction
               of
               the
               Glands
               of
               the
               Mesentery
               ;
               wherein
               ,
               beside
               the
               sign
               of
               Chylous
               Excrements
               ,
               and
               rejection
               of
               Food
               an
               hour
               or
               two
               after
               eating
               ,
               the
               Patient
               complains
               not
               of
               want
               of
               Appetite
               ,
               discernable
               Feaver
               ,
               or
               pain
               ,
               or
               other
               disorder
               ,
               till
               Feaver
               ,
               Cough
               ,
               and
               want
               of
               Rest
               (
               which
               last
               often
               precedes
               )
               proceed
               with
               the
               Emaciation
               upon
               the
               continuance
               of
               this
               Disease
               .
               Of
               this
               I
               have
               found
               Tunbridge
               Water
               an
               effectual
               Remedy
               ,
               and
               
               most
               canstant
               ,
               never
               failing
               those
               that
               I
               have
               known
               to
               have
               try'd
               it
               ,
               who
               have
               been
               not
               a
               few
               .
               And
               the
               small
               Spring
               at
               Felstead
               ,
               I
               find
               avail
               with
               equal
               success
               .
            
             
               An
               Obstruction
               of
               the
               Thymus
               ,
               which
               discovers
               it self
               by
               pain
               at
               the
               Breast
               ,
               chiefly
               upon
               the
               Foods
               arrival
               at
               the
               place
               of
               its
               seat
               ;
               which
               upon
               the
               increase
               of
               the
               Tumour
               of
               this
               Gland
               ,
               resists
               the
               passing
               of
               the
               Food
               into
               the
               Stomach
               ,
               and
               makes
               the
               Patient
               reject
               it
               ,
               at
               least
               as
               soon
               as
               the
               Oesophagus
               is
               a
               little
               fill'd
               ,
               is
               a
               Disease
               of
               equal
               consequence
               with
               the
               other
               ,
               and
               which
               I
               have
               known
               these
               Waters
               speedily
               cure
               .
            
             
               Another
               Disease
               from
               Glandular
               Obstructions
               cured
               by
               these
               Waters
               ,
               is
               the
               Dropsie
               ,
               a
               Cure
               of
               which
               is
               taken
               notice
               of
               by
               Mr.
               Boyle
               ;
               but
               the
               Design
               of
               these
               Observations
               ,
               being
               to
               form
               an
               Experience
               ,
               that
               may
               be
               distinct
               ,
               clear
               ,
               and
               not
               fallacious
               ,
               I
               must
               add
               ,
               That
               the
               Effects
               of
               the
               Waters
               in
               this
               Distemper
               ,
               fall
               not
               under
               so
               single
               a
               consideration
               as
               in
               the
               other
               ,
               but
               that
               there
               are
               so
               many
               requisites
               in
               the
               Cases
               where
               these
               are
               proper
               ,
               as
               make
               a
               good
               Judgment
               necessary
               in
               the
               use
               of
               them
               ,
               and
               ●orbid
               the
               drinking
               of
               them
               without
               good
               Advice
               .
               For
               although
               I
               have
               reason
               to
               believe
               them
               to
               be
               constantly
               effectual
               ,
               timely
               taken
               ,
               by
               those
               whose
               Constitution
               was
               broken
               by
               trouble
               ,
               and
               perhaps
               to
               be
               the
               only
               Remedy
               ;
               and
               likewise
               in
               a
               Phlegmatick
               Constitution
               ;
               yet
               not
               only
               the
               seasonable
               and
               
               timely
               taking
               of
               them
               is
               to
               be
               consulted
               ,
               but
               a
               Crasis
               of
               Blood
               ,
               that
               needs
               not
               invigorating
               ,
               does
               sometimes
               receive
               damage
               by
               them
               .
               And
               this
               I
               speak
               not
               by
               rote
               ,
               but
               have
               known
               some
               
                 Quin
                 Faeminae
                 quinquagenariae
              
               ,
               florid
               and
               lively
               ,
               that
               the
               drinking
               of
               these
               Waters
               have
               affected
               with
               a
               beginning
               Dropsie
               ,
               the
               nature
               of
               these
               Waters
               (
               being
               to
               invigorate
               the
               Blood
               ,
               and
               produce
               the
               Catamenia
               )
               was
               so
               differing
               in
               effect
               .
               And
               in
               a
               Dropsie
               that
               proceeds
               upon
               an
               Asthma
               ,
               in
               a
               person
               of
               a
               florid
               sanguine
               Complexion
               ,
               either
               a
               Chalybeat
               Water
               of
               greater
               astringency
               ,
               as
               the
               Knaresborow
               ,
               and
               that
               has
               least
               Steel
               ;
               or
               else
               a
               Chalybeat
               that
               Purges
               ,
               as
               Scarborow
               Water
               ,
               is
               much
               more
               proper
               .
            
             
               I
               proceed
               to
               remark
               next
               ,
               the
               like
               extraordinary
               effect
               of
               these
               light
               Waters
               in
               Distempers
               of
               the
               Stomach
               ,
               the
               pain
               by
               which
               they
               discover
               themselves
               is
               most
               exquisite
               .
               A
               painful
               Tumour
               of
               many
               Months
               at
               the
               pit
               of
               the
               Stomach
               ,
               and
               reputed
               Scirrhous
               ,
               I
               knew
               reliev'd
               and
               quite
               remov'd
               by
               Tunbridge
               Waters
               .
               I
               might
               instance
               in
               other
               Flatulent
               Distentions
               of
               the
               Stomach
               ,
               and
               question
               not
               but
               they
               might
               be
               used
               with
               success
               in
               Ulcers
               of
               the
               Stomach
               ,
               though
               in
               them
               I
               have
               not
               known
               these
               Waters
               made
               tryal
               of
               .
               But
               the
               most
               common
               Distemper
               ,
               or
               rather
               Symptom
               of
               the
               Stomach
               diseased
               ,
               is
               known
               only
               by
               the
               name
               of
               Pain
               .
               It
               is
               necessary
               to
               distinguish
               the
               kinds
               of
               this
               more
               nicely
               than
               is
               usual
               ,
               
               and
               I
               shall
               not
               inquire
               here
               into
               the
               particular
               seats
               of
               it
               ,
               but
               mind
               the
               Reader
               in
               general
               ,
               that
               by
               the
               name
               of
               this
               Distemper
               ,
               I
               understand
               an
               affection
               of
               the
               Stomach
               or
               Ventricle
               ,
               from
               Matter
               lodg'd
               in
               or
               near
               it
               ,
               excepting
               those
               Affections
               of
               it
               ,
               
                 per
                 consensum
              
               ,
               from
               the
               Head
               ,
               or
               in
               acute
               Diseases
               ;
               and
               so
               it
               includes
               the
               primary
               Distempers
               of
               that
               Region
               ,
               that
               produce
               pain
               in
               the
               Ventricle
               .
               I
               fansie
               a
               Syllabus
               of
               all
               the
               Affections
               and
               Symptoms
               of
               this
               kind
               ,
               would
               be
               useful
               ,
               and
               might
               be
               instituted
               after
               this
               manner
               .
            
             
               Though
               the
               pit
               of
               the
               Stomach
               has
               the
               greatest
               sense
               of
               the
               Pain
               ,
               yet
               this
               Pain
               may
               be
               all
               over
               the
               Stomach
               .
            
             
               So
               an
               obtuse
               Pain
               with
               Faintness
               and
               Sickness
               ,
               and
               an
               Hemicrania
               ,
               signifies
               a
               watry
               vapid
               state
               of
               the
               Blood
               ,
               as
               in
               a
               Chlorosis
               .
            
             
               The
               same
               with
               Sickness
               attends
               a
               full
               Dropsie
               .
            
             
               A
               rending
               Pain
               with
               weakness
               ,
               follows
               great
               Evacuations
               in
               weakly
               Bodies
               ,
               as
               Suckling
               .
            
             
               Shooting
               to
               the
               Back
               ,
               denote
               the
               matter
               to
               be
               windy
               ,
               be
               it
               in
               the
               Cavity
               or
               elsewhere
               ,
               and
               Cholicks
               vary
               .
               To
               say
               nothing
               here
               of
               Ulcers
               .
            
             
               Moving
               a
               Rheumatism
               there
               fix'd
               ,
               and
               increases
               immediately
               upon
               eating
               .
            
             
               Pain
               moving
               and
               fixing
               in
               Spots
               ,
               with
               most
               exquisite
               Pain
               ,
               Coldness
               ,
               and
               Convulsive
               Nippings
               ,
               and
               working
               off
               with
               a
               Loosness
               ,
               and
               coming
               some
               six
               or
               seven
               hours
               after
               ,
               eating
               
               a
               nervous
               Rheumatism
               ,
               or
               rather
               Membranous
               .
            
             
               This
               last
               again
               increases
               or
               assaults
               upon
               Cold
               taking
               ,
               and
               is
               sometimes
               seated
               in
               the
               Coats
               of
               the
               Stomach
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               in
               the
               Membranes
               adjoyning
               ,
               or
               both
               ;
               so
               in
               some
               I
               have
               observ'd
               it
               to
               strike
               from
               the
               Stomach
               in
               a
               Vein
               ,
               as
               they
               call
               it
               ,
               upward
               ,
               side-ways
               ,
               or
               the
               like
               ;
               and
               not
               to
               bear
               a
               Position
               of
               the
               Body
               that
               pents
               it
               ,
               for
               the
               part
               afflicted
               always
               seems
               pent
               .
            
             
               An
               obtuse
               Pain
               contracting
               the
               Stomach
               ,
               such
               as
               is
               usually
               express'd
               by
               knitting
               ,
               attends
               Hysterick
               Fits.
               
            
             
               An
               obtuse
               Pain
               without
               this
               ,
               an
               Obstruction
               of
               the
               Catamenia
               ;
               or
               a
               
                 Plethora
                 sanguinis
              
               in
               hot
               Weather
               chiefly
               .
            
             
               The
               Ventricle
               may
               be
               affected
               near
               its
               upper
               Orifice
               at
               the
               Pit
               of
               the
               Stomach
               only
               ,
               with
               a
               nipping
               Pain
               ,
               or
               a
               knitting
               Pain
               ,
               attending
               the
               Hypochondriacal
               ;
               and
               an
               obtuse
               Pain
               ,
               with
               a
               Sense
               of
               weight
               in
               Trouble
               and
               Melancholly
               .
            
             
               The
               sense
               of
               Pentness
               accompanies
               Wind
               ,
               the
               sense
               of
               Fullness
               ,
               Water
               or
               Humour
               .
               So
               I
               might
               proceed
               to
               Soreness
               ,
               Coldness
               and
               Acuteness
               ,
               Faintness
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               There
               are
               other
               Pains
               near
               the
               Stomach
               ,
               as
               in
               the
               Jaundies
               ,
               about
               the
               bottom
               toward
               the
               right
               side
               ,
               so
               in
               a
               distemper'd
               Spleen
               or
               Liver
               ,
               or
               Pancreas
               ,
               may
               be
               known
               by
               their
               Situation
               .
            
             
             
               Thus
               Judgment
               is
               to
               be
               made
               of
               the
               proper
               use
               of
               these
               Waters
               ,
               from
               the
               Cause
               or
               Nature
               of
               the
               Disease
               ;
               and
               of
               what
               means
               may
               reasonably
               be
               used
               together
               with
               them
               .
               For
               an
               Obstruction
               of
               the
               Catamenia
               may
               make
               that
               Remedy
               necessary
               that
               a
               Plethora
               forbids
               .
               A
               Chlorosis
               in
               a
               Phlegmatick
               Constitution
               is
               better
               cured
               with
               other
               Chaiybeats
               ,
               and
               a
               Pain
               from
               Weakness
               requires
               another
               Intention
               .
               So
               that
               the
               use
               of
               these
               Waters
               is
               to
               be
               confin'd
               chiefly
               to
               Pains
               Convulsive
               in
               the
               Melancholy
               and
               Hypochondriacal
               ,
               and
               to
               other
               Collections
               of
               Wind
               or
               Phlegm
               from
               any
               Obstructions
               .
               And
               although
               these
               chiefly
               arise
               from
               the
               
                 Affectio
                 Hypochondriaca
              
               ;
               and
               so
               are
               curable
               in
               the
               general
               Intention
               ,
               yet
               greater
               Accuracy
               is
               necessary
               both
               to
               the
               Discovery
               of
               the
               Distemper
               ,
               and
               assigning
               a
               Remedy
               ,
               and
               without
               which
               ,
               sure
               Observation
               can
               never
               be
               made
               .
            
             
               Another
               Disorder
               of
               the
               Stomach
               ,
               is
               want
               or
               loss
               of
               Appetite
               ,
               which
               though
               it
               is
               restor'd
               by
               other
               Waters
               and
               means
               ,
               yet
               not
               only
               is
               more
               fully
               recover'd
               by
               these
               ,
               but
               its
               cause
               more
               perfectly
               remov'd
               .
            
             
               But
               there
               are
               other
               Distempers
               cur'd
               by
               these
               Waters
               ,
               which
               are
               less
               understood
               ,
               and
               over
               which
               these
               reign
               alone
               .
               I
               shall
               instance
               in
               two
               .
               The
               one
               is
               a
               Fistula
               ,
               which
               though
               of
               many
               Years
               standing
               ,
               I
               have
               known
               effectually
               cur'd
               in
               six
               Weeks
               ,
               by
               the
               sole
               drinking
               of
               Tunbridge
               Water
               .
               The
               other
               which
               
               appear'd
               to
               me
               as
               extraordinary
               ,
               was
               a
               Periodical
               Feaver
               and
               Cough
               ,
               which
               I
               knew
               a
               Gentlewoman
               cur'd
               of
               by
               the
               same
               Waters
               ,
               who
               for
               many
               Years
               had
               never
               escaped
               an
               Assault
               about
               October
               ,
               before
               she
               was
               freed
               by
               this
               Remedy
               .
               Obstructions
               of
               the
               Pancreas
               I
               should
               have
               named
               before
               .
            
             
               The
               Virtue
               these
               have
               of
               Chearing
               the
               Spirits
               ,
               and
               relieving
               a
               Heart
               oppress'd
               with
               Trouble
               ,
               or
               tumultuated
               with
               any
               Passions
               ,
               is
               as
               extraordinary
               as
               any
               of
               the
               former
               ;
               as
               being
               indeed
               the
               Cause
               and
               Producer
               of
               the
               Glandular
               Obstructions
               ,
               which
               together
               with
               Cephalick
               Distempers
               ,
               as
               Giddiness
               ,
               Pain
               ,
               &c.
               come
               under
               the
               
                 Affectio
                 Hypochondriaca
              
               ,
               which
               therefore
               I
               shall
               consider
               now
               distinctly
               in
               all
               its
               Symptoms
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               Affectio
               Hypochondriaca
               ,
            
             
               HAS
               very
               numerous
               Symptoms
               ,
               and
               counterfeits
               all
               Distempers
               ,
               and
               upon
               continuance
               brings
               almost
               as
               many
               .
               I
               shall
               consider
               the
               Symptoms
               ,
               and
               then
               the
               reason
               of
               them
               ,
               or
               seat
               of
               it
               .
               The
               Signs
               enumerated
               by
               Authors
               are
               ,
               a
               Flatulent
               Stomach
               ,
               ill
               Appetite
               and
               Concoction
               ,
               Vomiting
               glewy
               petuitose
               Matter
               ,
               the
               Stomach
               Flatulent
               ,
               not
               well
               after
               Food
               ;
               upon
               which
               came
               a
               rejection
               
               of
               Food
               by
               Vomiting
               ;
               Lipothymia
               ,
               Giddiness
               ,
               turbulent
               Flatus's
               and
               Cramps
               ,
               Convulsions
               ,
               Tremors
               ,
               Ructus's
               :
               
                 Aquositates
                 &
                 Flatus
                 inter
                 binas
                 tunicas
                 seu
                 membranos
                 mesenterii
                 ;
                 Ventriculi
                 dolores
                 vehementes
                 adsunt
                 ,
                 qui
                 nonnullis
                 ad
                 dorsum
                 usque
                 procedant
                 ,
                 &
                 ab
                 aegris
                 incautisque
                 pro
                 Nephriticis
                 hab●antur
                 ;
                 concoctis
                 cibis
                 quiescunt
                 ,
                 mox
                 aliis
                 ingestis
                 cibis
                 eodem
                 modo
                 revertuntur
                 ,
                 qui
                 interdum
                 jejunos
                 ,
                 interdum
                 etiam
                 à
                 caenâ
                 molestant
                 ;
                 &
                 non
                 cessant
                 priusquam
                 aegri
                 evomunt
                 cibos
                 crudos
                 &
                 Phlegmata
                 subamara
                 &
                 caleda
                 aut
                 acida
                 ;
                 Alvus
                 adstricta
                 ;
                 Aestus
                 in
                 Hypochondriis
                 ;
                 Vrinatenuis
                 ;
                 Anxietas
                 Ventriculi
                 ;
                 Pulsus
                 varii
                 ;
                 Cordis
                 palpitatio
                 ;
                 Animi
                 deliquium
                 ;
                 Pulsatio
                 in
                 sinistro
                 Hypochondrio
                 ab
                 intemperie
                 calidâ
                 ;
                 Palatum
                 lingua
                 &
                 os
                 exsiccantur
                 ;
                 &
                 sitis
                 levis
                 excitatur
                 ;
                 respiratio
                 difficilis
                 ;
                 dolor
                 quidam
                 &
                 constrictio
                 in
                 pectore
                 persentitur
                 .
                 Transit
                 quandoque
                 in
                 Melancholiam
                 &
                 Epilepsiam
                 ,
                 aut
                 Apoplexiam
                 abit
                 ;
                 quandoque
                 caeci
                 evadunt
                 ;
                 Symptomata
                 Paralysi
                 &
                 Convulsioni
                 similia
                 ;
                 Lassitudo
                 ;
                 Cerebrum
                 exsiccant
                 vapores
                 &
                 vigiliae
                 adsunt
                 ;
                 Insomnia
              
               or
               vain
               frightful
               and
               Distracting
               Dreams
               suddenly
               and
               often
               disturbing
               the
               Sleep
               .
               Night-mare
               ,
               or
               sense
               of
               oppressing
               weight
               ;
               Tension
               of
               the
               Hypochondries
               ,
               but
               that
               is
               a
               sign
               ,
               nor
               constant
               ,
               nor
               peculiar
               to
               their
               Distemper
               ;
               Obstruction
               of
               the
               Oesophagu●
               or
               Swallow
               ;
               
                 Periculum
                 suffocationis
                 conqueru●●tir
                 ;
                 dolor
                 in
                 anteriore
                 parte
                 Pectoris
                 ;
                 stupor
                 &
                 dolor
                 Formicans
                 nunc
                 in
                 dextro
                 nunc
                 in
                 sinistro
                 ;
                 Caligo
                 ;
                 Dolor
                 in
                 Brachio
                 vel
                 digito
                 hoc
                 vel
                 illo
                 ;
                 sudor
                 Frigidus
                 ,
                 
                 &
                 de
                 graviori
                 morbo
                 sibi
                 metuunt
                 .
              
               And
               at
               last
               the
               part
               where
               the
               Humour
               lodges
               has
               its
               Symptoms
               ,
               as
               Stomach
               ,
               Spleen
               ,
               Liver
               ,
               &c.
               which
               are
               then
               affected
               most
               six
               or
               seven
               hours
               after
               eating
               .
               Whence
               these
               Flatus's
               proceed
               ,
               the
               Sense
               of
               Sennertus
               is
               ,
               
                 Magis
                 consentaneum
                 est
                 istos
                 Flatus
                 contineri
                 in
                 illâ
                 cavitate
                 in
                 sinistro
                 Hypochondrio
                 sub
                 Diaphragmate
                 ex
                 Ventriculi
                 ,
                 Omenti
                 ,
                 Coli
                 &
                 viscerum
                 connexu
                 ortâ
                 ,
                 &
                 exitum
                 non
                 habente
                 ,
                 sed
                 ita
                 conclusâ
                 ut
                 aquam
                 &
                 Flatus
                 continere
                 possit
                 .
              
               And
               for
               the
               beating
               in
               the
               left
               Hypochondry
               ,
               says
               he
               ,
               
                 Ad
                 quam
                 rem
                 faciunt
                 Glandulae
                 in
                 Mesenterio
                 plurimae
                 &
                 praecipue
                 magna
                 illa
                 ,
                 quae
                 in
                 centro
                 ejus
                 primae
                 vasorum
                 distributioni
                 addita
                 est
                 .
              
               But
               the
               more
               difficult
               part
               of
               this
               Distemper
               to
               understand
               ,
               is
               ,
               that
               it
               not
               only
               affects
               and
               distempers
               the
               Brain
               ,
               but
               likewise
               the
               Mind
               it self
               is
               a
               sufferer
               in
               it
               ;
               which
               it
               chiefly
               or
               first
               afflicts
               with
               Fear
               and
               Despair
               ;
               and
               freeing
               the
               Passions
               from
               the
               government
               of
               Reason
               ,
               makes
               way
               to
               all
               the
               extravagant
               Actings
               ,
               that
               an
               abused
               Imagination
               can
               give
               colour
               to
               ;
               and
               every
               Object
               receives
               its
               weight
               from
               the
               Standard
               of
               the
               ruling
               Passion
               .
               The
               extravagant
               Dotages
               of
               this
               kind
               are
               numerous
               in
               History
               ,
               and
               either
               are
               ruled
               by
               the
               Impressions
               of
               the
               last
               Stage
               ,
               or
               Age
               of
               Life
               ,
               or
               drown
               us
               in
               the
               present
               ;
               or
               which
               is
               most
               common
               ,
               distract
               between
               the
               Sense
               of
               both
               ;
               and
               make
               us
               lose
               the
               use
               of
               our
               Judgment
               ,
               if
               not
               of
               our
               Reason
               .
               Now
               this
               Distemper
               is
               effectually
               cured
               in
               all
               its
               
               Symptoms
               ,
               by
               these
               Light
               Chalybeat
               Waters
               ,
               and
               to
               inquire
               into
               the
               Nature
               of
               this
               Distemper
               ,
               and
               on
               what
               account
               they
               do
               it
               ,
               may
               not
               only
               be
               agreeable
               to
               enlighten
               the
               Disease
               ,
               but
               teach
               us
               the
               full
               Scope
               of
               the
               Virtue
               of
               the
               Remedy
               .
               If
               we
               seek
               into
               the
               Cause
               and
               Seat
               of
               this
               Distemper
               ,
               we
               may
               observe
               it
               to
               be
               induced
               by
               despiriting
               ,
               and
               may
               have
               its
               Original
               either
               in
               the
               Mind
               ,
               or
               the
               Body
               ;
               and
               as
               it
               naturally
               is
               produced
               in
               our
               Bodies
               ,
               I
               observe
               ,
            
             
               1.
               
               That
               it
               is
               a
               Flatus
               ,
               as
               gross
               ,
               crude
               ,
               unconcocted
               ,
               and
               vapid
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               That
               the
               Fit
               usually
               comes
               six
               hours
               after
               eating
               ,
               or
               as
               soon
               as
               the
               Chyle
               is
               digested
               ,
               and
               the
               Spirit
               of
               it
               spent
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               It
               is
               occasion'd
               by
               Diet
               ,
               yielding
               a
               thick
               and
               plentiful
               Nourishment
               ,
               and
               Flatulent
               ,
               and
               by
               thick
               fermented
               Liquors
               as
               Ale.
               
            
             
               4.
               
               A
               working
               active
               Life
               that
               preserves
               the
               Concoction
               ,
               and
               duly
               forceth
               on
               the
               Nourishment
               ,
               and
               cleanseth
               the
               Body
               ,
               joyn'd
               with
               a
               spare
               and
               more
               simple
               Diet
               ,
               is
               little
               affected
               with
               this
               Distemper
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Sower
               Belchings
               ,
               not
               Signs
               of
               Acid
               in
               the
               Body
               ,
               as
               is
               commonly
               judg'd
               erroniously
               ,
               but
               only
               the
               effect
               of
               rich
               Liquors
               despirited
               ,
               and
               effete
               or
               changed
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               The
               time
               of
               its
               Accession
               is
               remarkable
               ,
               which
               is
               at
               the
               Turn
               of
               Life
               to
               its
               declive
               ,
               or
               at
               27
               Years
               ,
               though
               may
               be
               put
               off
               longer
               in
               some
               ,
               but
               begins
               then
               ,
               when
               the
               Body
               begins
               
               to
               be
               despirited
               ,
               when
               whereas
               before
               we
               see
               every
               thing
               through
               the
               eyes
               of
               hope
               ,
               we
               now
               are
               apt
               to
               view
               with
               despair
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               It
               joyns
               hand
               with
               the
               Scurvy
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               Is
               cured
               by
               Acids
               ,
               as
               Spirit
               of
               Vitriol
               or
               Sulphur
               in
               some
               measure
               ,
               and
               kept
               off
               by
               drinking
               common
               Water
               ,
               which
               is
               void
               of
               Fermentation
               ,
               or
               elastick
               Turgescence
               .
            
             
               All
               which
               marks
               inform
               us
               ,
               That
               this
               Distemper
               is
               seated
               in
               the
               Chyle
               ,
               which
               when
               effete
               and
               tumultuating
               ,
               produceth
               these
               effects
               ;
               and
               as
               it
               may
               be
               discharg'd
               and
               slung
               ,
               may
               induce
               more
               terrible
               ones
               in
               earnest
               ,
               which
               as
               it
               is
               moving
               ,
               it
               only
               represents
               by
               lighter
               touches
               :
               And
               as
               the
               grand
               Cardo
               of
               our
               Life
               at
               the
               Climocteric
               before
               named
               ,
               gives
               opportunity
               for
               this
               Insult
               ;
               so
               the
               strength
               of
               these
               Turgid
               parts
               of
               our
               Nourishment
               ,
               is
               discernable
               in
               other
               States
               of
               Life
               ,
               though
               the
               Violence
               is
               most
               apparent
               at
               the
               meeting
               of
               differing
               habits
               .
               For
               that
               all
               these
               Irregularities
               are
               owing
               to
               our
               Nourishment
               ,
               and
               that
               we
               admit
               our
               Dispositions
               to
               Passion
               and
               Vice
               by
               our
               Throat
               ,
               and
               only
               then
               when
               we
               take
               more
               than
               is
               necessary
               or
               requir'd
               by
               Nature
               ,
               we
               are
               taught
               not
               only
               in
               Men
               where
               we
               see
               the
               effects
               of
               Ease
               and
               Luxury
               ,
               only
               when
               it
               is
               in
               an
               high
               degree
               ;
               but
               the
               power
               of
               differing
               Nourishment
               and
               manner
               of
               living
               ,
               is
               most
               conspicuous
               in
               other
               Animals
               ,
               especially
               the
               more
               tender
               .
               These
               Animals
               that
               live
               hard
               (
               that
               is
               )
               use
               great
               labour
               to
               get
               their
               
               Food
               ;
               and
               that
               mild
               and
               unfermented
               ,
               are
               free
               from
               three
               Dispositions
               that
               Domestick
               Animals
               ,
               as
               those
               that
               dwell
               near
               Towns
               ,
               or
               have
               opportunity
               of
               living
               easie
               ,
               are
               lyable
               to
               .
               The
               first
               is
               ,
               change
               of
               colour
               in
               Coat
               or
               Feathers
               .
               2.
               
               Inconstancy
               to
               their
               Mate
               ,
               and
               Intemperance
               in
               Passions
               .
               The
               last
               is
               ,
               Distemperature
               of
               Body
               ,
               and
               lyableness
               to
               Diseases
               .
               No
               wild
               Animal
               was
               ever
               observ'd
               by
               Naturalists
               ,
               to
               have
               been
               seiz'd
               by
               those
               Diseases
               which
               afflict
               them
               when
               kept
               ●tame
               .
               Hens
               I
               have
               seen
               Epileptic
               ,
               Magpyes
               are
               often
               afflicted
               by
               the
               same
               Distemper
               when
               housed
               ,
               but
               who
               ever
               found
               them
               fallen
               in
               the
               Fields
               ?
               The
               same
               may
               be
               observ'd
               of
               other
               Animals
               ,
               as
               Bull-finches
               ,
               and
               many
               Quadrupids
               ,
               which
               can
               scarce
               bear
               housing
               ,
               without
               peril
               of
               some
               Disease
               or
               other
               .
               Which
               seems
               to
               imply
               ,
               that
               a
               distemper'd
               Air
               can
               make
               no
               impression
               ,
               but
               upon
               a
               vitiated
               Nourishment
               .
               And
               this
               gives
               me
               a
               rise
               to
               add
               ,
               That
               as
               the
               Efforts
               of
               our
               Passions
               ,
               that
               are
               owing
               to
               our
               Intemperance
               ,
               are
               more
               silent
               in
               other
               seasons
               of
               our
               Life
               ,
               so
               it
               is
               observable
               ,
               they
               have
               not
               been
               distinguish'd
               by
               any
               Inquirers
               into
               Humane
               Nature
               ,
               through
               want
               of
               well
               understanding
               Humane
               Nature
               distinctly
               ,
               or
               in
               its
               simplicity
               .
               And
               here
               I
               find
               a
               late
               excellent
               Author
               much
               wanting
               to
               himself
               ,
               in
               not
               examining
               the
               Fountains
               of
               Idea's
               ,
               which
               would
               have
               helped
               him
               to
               have
               uncompounded
               them
               ,
               who
               ,
               might
               by
               this
               means
               have
               discern'd
               
               Practical
               Idea's
               ;
               a
               Principle
               of
               Justice
               being
               as
               difficultly
               erased
               ,
               as
               that
               of
               Self-preservation
               .
               For
               (
               to
               wave
               questioning
               the
               Hypothesis
               of
               Idea's
               )
               since
               Judgment
               is
               made
               of
               Objects
               ,
               as
               they
               lye
               in
               the
               Imagination
               ,
               it
               must
               needs
               be
               ,
               that
               ,
               as
               on
               the
               one
               hand
               the
               undue
               Examination
               of
               things
               may
               make
               a
               Notion
               imperfect
               ,
               so
               the
               strain
               of
               Imagination
               by
               our
               Passions
               ,
               must
               render
               our
               Judgment
               unjust
               .
               And
               this
               we
               see
               in
               our
               grosser
               Passions
               ,
               as
               Fear
               ,
               Anger
               ,
               Love
               or
               Aversion
               ,
               but
               cannot
               discern
               it
               so
               well
               in
               the
               lesser
               Emotions
               of
               our
               Temper
               ,
               which
               seem
               more
               quiet
               ,
               wherein
               yet
               it
               is
               equally
               discoverable
               ,
               that
               the
               Inequality
               of
               our
               Temper
               sways
               our
               Judgment
               ,
               and
               is
               often
               before-hand
               in
               the
               Cause
               ,
               where
               it
               appears
               only
               in
               the
               sequel
               ,
               and
               seems
               to
               proceed
               from
               the
               Determination
               .
               Indeed
               we
               may
               usually
               see
               in
               any
               error
               the
               stamp
               of
               that
               Temper
               that
               form'd
               the
               Argument
               ,
               or
               of
               a
               rapid
               and
               unheedy
               Apprehension
               ,
               that
               inform'd
               the
               Understanding
               ;
               so
               necessary
               to
               right
               thinking
               and
               due
               Notions
               of
               things
               is
               a
               due
               Temper
               ,
               by
               how
               much
               our
               Passions
               have
               a
               share
               in
               adjusting
               ,
               if
               not
               forming
               ,
               our
               Idea's
               .
               I
               might
               here
               observe
               the
               Mistake
               of
               those
               that
               refer
               the
               illness
               of
               their
               Nature
               ,
               to
               the
               necessity
               of
               their
               make
               ,
               and
               how
               natural
               the
               Account
               is
               ,
               of
               Man's
               first
               Defection
               :
               But
               to
               keep
               close
               to
               my
               Subject
               ,
               I
               shall
               only
               mind
               ,
               that
               the
               Debility
               of
               our
               Mind
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               the
               Infirmities
               of
               our
               Bodies
               ,
               is
               owing
               to
               
               the
               Irregularity
               of
               our
               Living
               ,
               and
               Vice
               of
               our
               Nourishment
               .
               An
               Instance
               of
               this
               ,
               is
               the
               Distemper
               in
               hand
               ,
               not
               only
               in
               the
               distracting
               Fears
               ,
               and
               tumultuating
               Passions
               ,
               that
               attend
               it
               ;
               and
               the
               innumerable
               delirous
               Fancies
               that
               are
               consequent
               to
               it
               ,
               but
               in
               the
               Diseases
               of
               the
               Body
               ,
               as
               Obstructions
               of
               the
               parts
               before
               mention'd
               ,
               with
               Cephalick
               Diseases
               ,
               as
               Convulsions
               ,
               Epilepises
               ,
               Apoplexies
               ,
               &c.
               the
               last
               nam'd
               of
               which
               ,
               is
               so
               often
               owing
               to
               the
               Pre-disposition
               of
               this
               Distemper
               ,
               as
               much
               confirms
               the
               account
               I
               have
               before
               given
               of
               it
               .
               Now
               although
               the
               reason
               of
               the
               Hypochondriac
               Affection
               ,
               as
               it
               gives
               a
               reason
               of
               the
               effect
               of
               these
               Waters
               ,
               may
               make
               this
               account
               satisfactory
               enough
               ;
               yet
               it
               is
               farther
               serviceable
               ,
               in
               discovering
               the
               Cure
               more
               clearly
               and
               perfectly
               ,
               and
               by
               giving
               a
               right
               Notion
               of
               it
               ,
               may
               assist
               in
               setting
               the
               Understanding
               to
               rights
               ,
               and
               help
               those
               that
               are
               afflicted
               ,
               to
               make
               a
               true
               Judgment
               of
               their
               Disturbances
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               incourage
               them
               to
               a
               Cure.
               With
               respect
               to
               a
               Cure
               ,
               we
               may
               observe
               the
               Benefit
               of
               Exercise
               ,
               and
               a
               moderate
               Diet
               ,
               without
               fermented
               Liquors
               ;
               and
               that
               Action
               and
               Attention
               are
               required
               ,
               to
               Health
               of
               Body
               and
               Mind
               .
               That
               Action
               is
               necessary
               to
               due
               Thinking
               ,
               all
               studious
               Men
               may
               and
               do
               observe
               ,
               and
               the
               reason
               is
               ,
               That
               the
               Tumults
               of
               the
               Chyle
               ,
               or
               Stoppages
               of
               the
               Vessels
               by
               it
               ,
               are
               remov'd
               by
               the
               hurry
               of
               the
               Blood
               ;
               which
               ,
               together
               with
               steadiness
               of
               
               Mind
               ,
               which
               I
               call
               Attention
               ,
               gives
               our
               Engine
               its
               free
               Exercise
               and
               Working
               .
               And
               as
               the
               same
               thing
               ,
               that
               Exercise
               doth
               with
               moderate
               Living
               ,
               is
               effected
               artificially
               by
               these
               Waters
               ,
               so
               the
               pleasure
               of
               an
               even
               Life
               ,
               void
               of
               these
               Hurries
               and
               Inconveniencies
               ,
               recommend
               a
               preventional
               Method
               of
               this
               way
               of
               Living
               ,
               for
               its
               Rectitude
               and
               Generosity
               ,
               before
               the
               Flights
               and
               Extreams
               of
               the
               other
               ,
               that
               must
               seek
               for
               Remedies
               to
               Art.
               And
               it
               is
               to
               be
               noted
               ,
               That
               as
               this
               Distemper
               ,
               in
               all
               its
               Symptoms
               and
               Consequences
               ,
               is
               effectually
               cured
               by
               these
               Waters
               ;
               and
               as
               it
               is
               moderated
               by
               the
               foremention'd
               means
               ,
               so
               all
               that
               are
               affected
               with
               it
               ,
               find
               their
               Error
               in
               drinking
               Wine
               and
               strong
               fermented
               Liquors
               ,
               as
               an
               artificial
               Support
               ,
               by
               the
               great
               sinking
               of
               their
               Spirits
               ,
               if
               not
               other
               Symptoms
               ;
               likewise
               about
               six
               hours
               after
               ,
               and
               by
               the
               increase
               of
               the
               Distemper
               by
               that
               means
               .
               To
               which
               I
               may
               add
               ,
               what
               may
               be
               no
               small
               Information
               ,
               and
               hath
               not
               been
               taken
               notice
               of
               by
               Physicians
               usually
               ,
               That
               the
               Distempers
               that
               seize
               the
               Body
               at
               the
               Climactericks
               ,
               if
               they
               be
               moderated
               ,
               so
               as
               to
               be
               kept
               from
               making
               any
               mortal
               breach
               ,
               will
               usually
               in
               two
               or
               three
               Years
               time
               ,
               depart
               of
               themselves
               upon
               moderate
               living
               .
               I
               could
               give
               many
               Instances
               of
               Epilepsies
               themselves
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               Giddinesses
               ,
               Convulsions
               ,
               a
               beginning
               Phthisis
               ,
               &c.
               that
               abated
               without
               any
               means
               two
               or
               three
               Years
               after
               .
               But
               as
               this
               Remedy
               ,
               viz.
               these
               Waters
               ,
               
               relieve
               variety
               of
               Diseases
               ,
               that
               are
               induced
               by
               the
               power
               of
               distemper'd
               Chyle
               or
               Nourishment
               ,
               and
               Weakness
               of
               Constitution
               at
               the
               Cardines
               of
               our
               Life
               or
               Climactericks
               ;
               so
               the
               Observation
               of
               this
               may
               turn
               to
               account
               ,
               if
               we
               consider
               ,
               That
               many
               Distempers
               that
               are
               not
               usually
               distinguish'd
               ,
               are
               of
               this
               Original
               :
               For
               the
               enlarging
               therefore
               of
               this
               Benefit
               ,
               we
               may
               observe
               ,
               That
               the
               
                 Affectio
                 Hypochondriaca
              
               ,
               is
               ,
               in
               this
               respect
               ,
               but
               a
               Species
               of
               Distempers
               ,
               which
               we
               may
               call
               Climacteric
               or
               Cardinal
               .
               For
               the
               better
               understanding
               of
               my
               Sense
               in
               this
               matter
               ,
               I
               must
               take
               notice
               ,
               That
               though
               I
               cannot
               admit
               the
               receiv'd
               Notion
               of
               them
               fully
               ,
               either
               as
               to
               their
               Fatality
               ,
               or
               superstitious
               Original
               from
               Numbers
               ,
               yet
               that
               at
               the
               Septenaries
               ,
               or
               near
               the
               Body
               ,
               receives
               its
               Changes
               ,
               is
               not
               to
               be
               denied
               ;
               and
               that
               then
               many
               Diseases
               have
               their
               Original
               ,
               which
               may
               execute
               not
               fully
               till
               some
               Years
               after
               .
               But
               although
               every
               Septenary
               may
               be
               in
               some
               sort
               considerable
               ,
               yet
               I
               judge
               from
               Experience
               ,
               that
               some
               may
               be
               reputed
               Cardinal
               ,
               and
               that
               not
               from
               the
               Efficacy
               of
               Number
               ,
               which
               runs
               the
               grand
               Climacteric
               upon
               63.
               
               Those
               that
               I
               find
               reason
               to
               name
               Cardinal
               ,
               are
               those
               on
               which
               our
               Life
               receives
               a
               considerable
               Change
               of
               State
               ;
               and
               though
               the
               fourteenth
               Year
               ,
               on
               this
               account
               ,
               cannot
               be
               excluded
               ,
               yet
               Observation
               of
               Distempers
               ,
               or
               Mortality
               ,
               makes
               me
               ,
               with
               respect
               to
               Diseases
               ,
               to
               make
               or
               name
               three
               
               grand
               Climactericks
               ,
               and
               to
               fix
               them
               on
               those
               Years
               ,
               when
               the
               Body
               receives
               its
               grand
               Alterations
               in
               its
               Cuspis
               and
               declension
               ,
               and
               these
               are
               21
               ,
               27
               and
               49.
               
               The
               Diseases
               of
               the
               first
               are
               Hemorrhages
               and
               Consumptions
               ,
               which
               are
               frequent
               at
               that
               Age
               to
               enter
               the
               Constitution
               ,
               and
               not
               to
               yield
               to
               Remedies
               till
               two
               or
               three
               Years
               after
               ,
               though
               the
               Prevention
               of
               Exulceration
               render
               it
               curable
               .
               The
               Distempers
               of
               the
               second
               are
               Cephalick
               ,
               Nervous
               and
               Flatulent
               .
               Those
               of
               the
               third
               again
               are
               Phthises
               ,
               Gouts
               ,
               Stone
               ,
               Hemorhagies
               ,
               Rheumatisms
               ,
               and
               other
               Inflammations
               ,
               that
               proceed
               from
               an
               over
               Alkalisat
               Crasis
               of
               the
               Blood
               ,
               as
               hot
               ,
               burning
               or
               smarting
               running
               Pains
               ,
               and
               the
               like
               .
               In
               all
               which
               cases
               these
               Waters
               may
               be
               expected
               to
               be
               highly
               serviceable
               ,
               by
               the
               same
               Qualifications
               that
               capacitate
               them
               to
               relieve
               the
               Hypochondriacal
               ,
               viz.
               by
               Astringing
               ,
               Deobstructing
               ,
               Invigorating
               ,
               and
               taking
               off
               either
               the
               Orgasm
               or
               Degeneracy
               of
               the
               Chyle
               .
               And
               I
               speak
               not
               this
               without
               some
               Instances
               that
               favour
               it
               :
               But
               from
               Hypochondriacal
               Distempers
               ,
               I
               pass
               on
               next
               to
               Ulceration
               of
               the
               Kidneys
               ,
               which
               I
               have
               known
               cured
               in
               more
               than
               one
               by
               Tunbridge
               Waters
               ,
               which
               I
               must
               make
               this
               Remark
               on
               ,
               That
               they
               were
               Women
               of
               the
               last
               cardinal
               or
               grand
               Climacterick
               .
               But
               yet
               must
               not
               this
               confine
               the
               use
               of
               these
               Waters
               to
               that
               case
               only
               ,
               or
               forbid
               their
               proper
               use
               in
               like
               Ulcers
               in
               other
               Ages
               .
            
             
             
               Thus
               according
               to
               my
               design
               ,
               I
               have
               recited
               what
               I
               have
               experienced
               of
               their
               Virtues
               ,
               but
               I
               must
               not
               pass
               the
               Cure
               of
               Periodical
               annual
               Colds
               and
               Feavers
               (
               which
               I
               mention
               above
               )
               without
               this
               useful
               Observation
               ,
               that
               as
               it
               is
               the
               Peccancy
               of
               the
               Chyle
               ,
               or
               Faeces
               of
               it
               ,
               that
               makes
               the
               Body
               obnoxious
               to
               the
               Effects
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               so
               it
               may
               be
               reasonable
               to
               expect
               the
               use
               of
               the
               same
               Remedy
               to
               be
               successful
               in
               some
               other
               Distempers
               that
               come
               under
               this
               Consideration
               .
            
          
           
             
               Of
               some
               general
               Directions
               to
               be
               observ'd
               in
               the
               Vse
               of
               the
               Chalybeat
               Waters
               .
            
             
               THE
               Directions
               that
               emerge
               from
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               Waters
               ,
               and
               of
               the
               Distempers
               they
               are
               used
               in
               ,
               vary
               in
               some
               measure
               with
               the
               Constitution
               of
               the
               Drinker
               ,
               the
               State
               and
               Nature
               of
               the
               Distemper
               ,
               and
               Season
               they
               are
               drank
               in
               .
               And
               although
               the
               Choice
               of
               the
               Species
               of
               Water
               is
               directed
               by
               the
               Distemper
               ,
               yet
               nice
               or
               infirm
               and
               cold
               Constitutions
               ,
               make
               exactness
               necessary
               in
               choosing
               those
               that
               have
               least
               Coldness
               ;
               on
               which
               account
               some
               have
               found
               ,
               in
               the
               light
               sort
               ,
               Wellenborow
               and
               Islington
               less
               safe
               to
               be
               drank
               ,
               or
               to
               require
               more
               caution
               ,
               from
               their
               ill
               Effects
               on
               those
               that
               have
               drank
               them
               when
               
               out
               of
               Temper
               .
               The
               Season
               that
               one
               would
               wish
               to
               drink
               these
               Waters
               in
               ,
               is
               a
               dry
               Time
               ,
               and
               Summer
               ,
               the
               Waters
               being
               then
               strongest
               ,
               and
               the
               Season
               favouring
               their
               exerting
               their
               Astringency
               ,
               and
               inspiriting
               Qualities
               ;
               yet
               as
               Distempers
               do
               not
               wait
               always
               for
               the
               conveniency
               of
               the
               Remedy
               ,
               so
               the
               Waters
               have
               been
               found
               effectual
               at
               all
               Seasons
               likewise
               .
               And
               the
               incommode
               of
               the
               Season
               may
               be
               help'd
               ,
               by
               a
               Glass
               of
               somewhat
               more
               Generous
               ,
               after
               the
               Waters
               are
               run
               off
               ,
               as
               Gentian
               Wine
               ,
               or
               the
               like
               ;
               or
               Chalybeat
               Wine
               in
               the
               Afternoon
               ,
               which
               I
               have
               ●ound
               to
               be
               very
               Helpful
               ,
               where
               the
               Moisture
               of
               the
               Season
               ,
               or
               Weakness
               of
               the
               Constitution
               made
               it
               necessary
               ;
               but
               not
               to
               be
               continued
               longer
               than
               it
               was
               so
               .
               The
               difference
               of
               the
               Water
               makes
               some
               difference
               in
               the
               rule
               of
               Drinking
               ,
               the
               Heavy
               ones
               not
               allowing
               so
               long
               a
               Continuation
               of
               Drinking
               ,
               and
               often
               admitting
               ,
               if
               not
               requiring
               ,
               Purging
               ,
               during
               the
               Course
               ,
               which
               six
               Weeks
               may
               well
               determine
               ;
               whereas
               the
               light
               sort
               may
               safely
               ,
               and
               ought
               to
               be
               continued
               longer
               ,
               to
               prevent
               return
               of
               the
               Disease
               ,
               and
               establish
               the
               Constitution
               :
               Else
               the
               Chalybeat
               Waters
               require
               the
               same
               common
               Rule
               ,
               which
               is
               to
               be
               observ'd
               before
               ,
               in
               the
               time
               of
               ,
               and
               after
               the
               drinking
               .
               Before
               the
               drinking
               ,
               that
               the
               foulness
               of
               the
               first
               ways
               may
               not
               be
               carried
               farther
               ,
               and
               at
               least
               clog
               the
               Remedy
               ,
               and
               that
               Nature
               may
               be
               more
               light
               and
               easie
               ,
               that
               must
               be
               removed
               ,
               
               before
               the
               drinking
               of
               the
               Waters
               is
               entred
               upon
               .
               And
               although
               it
               cannot
               be
               supposed
               ,
               that
               the
               proper
               Purges
               for
               particular
               cases
               ,
               can
               here
               be
               consulted
               ,
               yet
               that
               Emeticks
               ,
               in
               Cephalick
               Diseases
               ,
               are
               best
               and
               fittest
               to
               answer
               all
               the
               ends
               necessary
               ,
               is
               an
               Intimation
               I
               cannot
               allow
               my self
               to
               pass
               .
               Catharticks
               ought
               to
               be
               doubled
               at
               about
               two
               days
               distance
               ,
               the
               first
               to
               regard
               the
               cleansing
               the
               first
               ways
               ,
               may
               be
               by
               a
               Bole
               of
               Lenitive
               Electuary
               ,
               and
               as
               much
               
                 Resina
                 Jallopii
              
               as
               may
               quicken
               it
               to
               desire
               ,
               or
               Pills
               ,
               or
               Draughts
               of
               Infusion
               of
               Sena
               and
               Rhubarb
               ;
               in
               both
               which
               forms
               ,
               I
               admire
               the
               additions
               of
               Salts
               either
               of
               Wormwood
               or
               Tartar
               ,
               that
               may
               make
               them
               more
               detersive
               ,
               and
               occur
               any
               unnatural
               or
               exorbitant
               Acid.
               The
               latter
               Purgation
               ought
               to
               regard
               the
               Disease
               ,
               as
               Lenitive
               Electuary
               with
               
                 P.
                 Diasenae
              
               ,
               and
               Dialtheae
               ,
               or
               Manna
               for
               Gravel
               .
               In
               Colicks
               ,
               and
               where
               the
               Wind
               afflicts
               the
               Bowels
               ,
               
                 Hiera
                 Picra
              
               .
               In
               Cephalick
               Distempers
               ,
               or
               where
               there
               is
               a
               Disposition
               to
               be
               Aguish
               ,
               gentle
               Emeticks
               .
               Where
               Wind
               afflicts
               the
               more
               remote
               Passages
               ,
               or
               in
               the
               Blood
               ,
               afflicting
               the
               Muscular
               parts
               ,
               Infusions
               of
               Purging
               Ingredients
               ,
               as
               Sena
               and
               Rhubarb
               ,
               with
               a
               handful
               of
               Chamomel
               Flowers
               ,
               or
               the
               Weakness
               of
               the
               Stomach
               may
               require
               the
               
                 Decotum
                 amarum
              
               made
               Purging
               ,
               or
               Pills
               of
               Rudii
               and
               Ruffii
               mix'd
               ,
               and
               two
               or
               three
               drops
               of
               Oyl
               of
               Cinnamon
               .
               The
               Dropsical
               
                 Succus
                 Ebuli
              
               in
               the
               quantity
               of
               Cochl
               .
               2
               
               vel
               3
               is
               most
               proper
               for
               ,
               in
               my
               Judgment
               :
               In
               the
               Melancholick
               Constitutions
               ,
               an
               Infusion
               of
               Sena
               and
               Salt
               of
               Tartar
               ,
               among
               others
               ,
               is
               one
               of
               the
               first
               rate
               :
               The
               Scurvy
               ,
               bitter
               Decoctions
               .
               The
               three
               last
               Diseases
               ,
               these
               Waters
               ,
               as
               other
               Chalybeats
               ,
               serve
               ,
               by
               strengthning
               ,
               invigorating
               ,
               and
               carrying
               off
               the
               offending
               Matter
               ;
               and
               therefore
               those
               need
               a
               due
               preparatory
               Course
               ,
               as
               is
               sufficient
               to
               bring
               the
               Blood
               and
               Vessels
               into
               such
               a
               state
               as
               may
               be
               fit
               for
               these
               Waters
               .
               But
               yet
               beginning
               Dropsies
               ,
               and
               other
               Obstructions
               from
               Trouble
               of
               Mind
               ,
               admit
               these
               Waters
               as
               the
               only
               Remedy
               ,
               and
               require
               no
               course
               but
               this
               general
               Preparation
               .
               Excepting
               Dropsies
               ,
               and
               Distempers
               that
               are
               attended
               with
               old
               Obstructions
               ,
               and
               Apoplectick
               Dispositions
               in
               Phlegmatick
               Brains
               ,
               I
               say
               ,
               setting
               aside
               these
               ,
               the
               Purging
               Waters
               are
               the
               best
               Preparative
               ,
               washing
               more
               universally
               ,
               and
               leaving
               the
               Body
               in
               the
               Temper
               that
               is
               most
               fit
               ;
               and
               sometimes
               prevents
               the
               necessity
               of
               these
               Chalybeat
               Waters
               ;
               the
               Proprieties
               of
               which
               ,
               will
               appear
               in
               a
               Table
               at
               the
               end
               of
               their
               History
               .
               But
               because
               Pains
               of
               the
               Stomach
               often
               happen
               to
               be
               so
               violent
               ,
               as
               not
               to
               allow
               the
               use
               of
               these
               Waters
               ▪
               before
               they
               are
               abated
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               require
               a
               particular
               Evacuation
               ,
               it
               seems
               incumbent
               on
               me
               ,
               to
               give
               some
               information
               ,
               how
               that
               Symptom
               may
               be
               reliev'd
               :
               They
               are
               usually
               one
               of
               these
               three
               sorts
               ,
               First
               ,
               a
               Convulsive
               Nipping
               Pain
               at
               the
               pit
               of
               the
               
               Stomach
               ,
               that
               holds
               for
               some
               Weeks
               ,
               and
               soon
               upon
               eating
               is
               exacerbated
               :
               This
               usually
               readily
               gives
               way
               ,
               either
               to
               an
               Infusion
               of
               
                 Baccae
                 Juniperi
              
               in
               Whitewine
               ,
               or
               Ol.
               Terebinth
               taken
               inwardly
               ,
               the
               last
               16
               drops
               at
               a
               time
               in
               Beer
               .
               Another
               is
               a
               Pain
               all
               over
               the
               Stomach
               ,
               though
               sometimes
               gathering
               more
               to
               one
               part
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               is
               more
               violent
               and
               racking
               ,
               and
               goes
               off
               with
               a
               Looseness
               ,
               being
               from
               a
               Congestion
               of
               Watry
               Matter
               ;
               This
               yields
               to
               the
               common
               Domestick
               Glysters
               often
               repeated
               ,
               and
               is
               check'd
               by
               
                 Ens
                 Veneris
              
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               by
               Chalybeat
               Wine
               .
               The
               Pain
               that
               attends
               a
               Chlorosis
               by
               
                 Ol.
                 Caryophyllorum
              
               taken
               in
               Sugar
               ;
               if
               from
               a
               depauperate
               Blood
               ,
               by
               
                 Vinum
                 Chalybeatum
              
               .
            
             
               Phlebotomy
               here
               comes
               under
               consideration
               ,
               which
               ,
               although
               some
               Asthma's
               ,
               and
               other
               cases
               ,
               may
               render
               it
               necessary
               ,
               yet
               ,
               where
               not
               necessary
               ,
               is
               to
               be
               avoided
               ,
               as
               an
               ill
               Prepara●ivee
               for
               drinking
               of
               Water
               ;
               and
               must
               be
               referr'd
               ,
               together
               with
               other
               Preparations
               in
               partic●●●
               Distempers
               ,
               to
               the
               Judgment
               of
               the
               Physician
               that
               knows
               the
               Distemper
               ,
               and
               consults
               the
               Constitution
               .
            
             
               Of
               drinking
               I
               purpose
               not
               to
               prescribe
               either
               time
               or
               quantity
               ,
               which
               vary
               with
               the
               Disease
               and
               Constitution
               of
               the
               Drinker
               ;
               but
               only
               shall
               note
               ,
               that
               as
               rising
               gradually
               ▪
               to
               a
               full
               quantity
               ,
               is
               required
               not
               only
               by
               the
               body
               ,
               that
               it
               may
               the
               better
               bear
               it
               ,
               but
               by
               the
               distemper'd
               part
               too
               :
               So
               the
               Vessels
               ,
               that
               they
               
               may
               be
               cleansed
               and
               strengthned
               in
               their
               own
               Tone
               and
               Tension
               ,
               require
               a
               gradual
               decrease
               .
               But
               though
               the
               continuation
               of
               this
               Remedy
               must
               be
               prescrib'd
               by
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               Disease
               ,
               yet
               that
               a
               Caution
               is
               necessary
               ,
               that
               the
               drinking
               them
               be
               not
               left
               off
               too
               soon
               ,
               appears
               in
               that
               in
               my
               own
               Observation
               ,
               many
               having
               suffer'd
               a
               Relapse
               ,
               for
               want
               of
               continuing
               the
               Remedy
               some
               time
               after
               the
               Cure.
               And
               this
               is
               so
               general
               ,
               that
               I
               may
               peremptorily
               assert
               ,
               that
               less
               than
               three
               Months
               is
               not
               generally
               sufficient
               to
               the
               drinking
               of
               them
               ,
               though
               they
               take
               effect
               in
               half
               the
               time
               .
               It
               is
               not
               convenient
               to
               drink
               these
               Waters
               too
               early
               ,
               nor
               without
               some
               preceding
               walking
               to
               empty
               the
               Body
               ;
               neither
               is
               it
               safe
               to
               lye
               down
               upon
               them
               ,
               especially
               in
               Cephalick
               Distempers
               ;
               nor
               to
               allow
               any
               business
               to
               take
               place
               in
               the
               Thoughts
               ;
               on
               which
               score
               the
               distance
               of
               the
               Wells
               ,
               and
               the
               Resort
               ,
               recommends
               the
               drinking
               these
               Waters
               at
               their
               Springs
               .
               But
               the
               most
               material
               Rule
               ,
               which
               the
               very
               design
               of
               them
               require
               ,
               is
               ,
               That
               during
               the
               Course
               ,
               the
               Drinker
               use
               Exercise
               ,
               avoid
               all
               Flatulent
               Diet
               ,
               and
               that
               of
               Gross
               and
               much
               Nourishment
               ,
               and
               drink
               as
               little
               fermented
               Liquor
               as
               he
               may
               .
               And
               here
               especially
               drinking
               much
               Wine
               is
               to
               be
               condemned
               on
               a
               double
               account
               ,
               for
               beside
               that
               the
               inconvenient
               Temper
               that
               the
               Wine
               gives
               ,
               renders
               them
               unfit
               for
               drinking
               the
               Waters
               the
               Morning
               following
               ,
               it
               opposes
               the
               Remedy
               ,
               
               and
               renders
               it
               ineffectual
               ,
               by
               supporting
               the
               Morbid
               State
               ;
               and
               for
               this
               Reason
               ,
               as
               generous
               Liquors
               are
               not
               to
               be
               omitted
               at
               the
               beginning
               of
               the
               drinking
               ,
               so
               they
               ought
               wholly
               to
               be
               set
               aside
               when
               the
               Course
               is
               well
               enter'd
               ;
               without
               which
               ,
               Hypochondriacism
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               most
               general
               Case
               ,
               will
               not
               admit
               of
               any
               entire
               Conquest
               .
               Neither
               is
               the
               Course
               of
               Living
               to
               be
               ended
               with
               the
               Course
               of
               drinking
               the
               Waters
               ,
               but
               that
               the
               use
               of
               them
               may
               be
               effectual
               ;
               a
               spare
               Diet
               ,
               and
               the
               same
               abstemious
               living
               ,
               with
               Exercise
               ,
               ought
               to
               be
               continued
               for
               two
               Months
               ,
               in
               which
               time
               the
               Body
               may
               be
               suppos'd
               to
               be
               a
               little
               confirm'd
               .
               And
               for
               the
               same
               Reason
               ,
               though
               some
               Distempers
               ,
               as
               Stone
               ,
               Jaundies
               ,
               and
               Melancholy
               ,
               particularly
               ,
               may
               require
               some
               other
               Intentions
               to
               be
               satisfied
               ,
               and
               so
               make
               a
               Course
               of
               Physick
               necessary
               at
               the
               same
               time
               ,
               yet
               the
               use
               〈◊〉
               the
               Waters
               is
               so
               much
               the
               less
               beneficial
               ,
               by
               how
               much
               it
               is
               disturb'd
               by
               Purging
               ,
               or
               any
               other
               Medicines
               ,
               and
               therefore
               Reason
               and
               Experience
               place
               this
               means
               last
               .
               But
               in
               Apoplexies
               ,
               and
               some
               watry
               Distempers
               ,
               as
               Dropsie
               and
               Chlorosis
               ,
               an
               Astringent
               more
               potent
               is
               very
               necessary
               to
               close
               and
               strengthen
               the
               Parts
               .
               The
               most
               proper
               and
               powerful
               of
               this
               kind
               .
               I
               intimated
               above
               ,
               to
               be
               the
               
                 Ens
                 Veneris
              
               of
               Mr.
               Boyle
               ,
               which
               ,
               if
               it
               succeed
               ,
               the
               Waters
               ,
               as
               the
               other
               Detersives
               and
               Purgers
               ,
               are
               to
               precede
               ,
               make
               an
               entire
               Course
               in
               the
               surprizing
               Distemper
               that
               I
               there
               apply
               it
               to
               ;
               
               and
               in
               the
               room
               of
               it
               ,
               I
               have
               sometimes
               used
               Chalybs
               Preparat
               .
               with
               equal
               Success
               ,
               if
               the
               Apoplectick
               Symptoms
               were
               mild
               .
            
             
               These
               Waters
               ,
               as
               they
               suffer
               by
               warming
               ,
               so
               are
               apt
               to
               bring
               some
               Disorders
               ,
               especially
               in
               an
               ill
               Season
               or
               Constitution
               ,
               as
               Cold
               ,
               Nauseousness
               ,
               difficulty
               of
               Urine
               and
               Giddiness
               ,
               which
               are
               usually
               provided
               against
               by
               drinking
               a
               Glass
               of
               Wine
               after
               every
               three
               or
               four
               Glasses
               of
               Water
               ,
               for
               the
               first
               few
               Mornings
               .
               But
               because
               the
               two
               last
               Symptoms
               do
               sometimes
               prove
               more
               considerably
               obstinate
               ,
               I
               shall
               take
               notice
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               good
               for
               those
               that
               are
               obnoxious
               to
               Cephalick
               Diseases
               ,
               to
               provide
               against
               the
               Giddiness
               procur'd
               by
               these
               Waters
               ,
               by
               chewing
               of
               Nutmeg
               ,
               and
               indeed
               Bisket
               ,
               or
               a
               Crust
               of
               Bread
               chew'd
               do
               the
               same
               ,
               the
               motion
               of
               the
               Jaws
               seeming
               as
               necessary
               as
               the
               warming
               the
               Stomach
               .
               And
               for
               the
               Stoppage
               of
               Urine
               ,
               shall
               acquaint
               the
               Drinker
               ,
               that
               where
               it
               is
               not
               occasion'd
               by
               the
               Stone
               ,
               though
               Glysters
               and
               Purgers
               may
               be
               requir'd
               sometimes
               ,
               yet
               it
               may
               soon
               be
               remov'd
               without
               usually
               ,
               only
               
                 Ol.
                 Terebinth
                 .
                 guttis
                 iij.
                 in
                 umbilicum
                 instillatis
                 :
              
               And
               the
               same
               I
               have
               known
               done
               by
               a
               plentiful
               Glass
               of
               Rhenish
               .
               But
               in
               all
               these
               Rules
               ,
               I
               must
               make
               this
               reserve
               for
               the
               Heavy
               Chalybeat
               Waters
               ,
               That
               Purging
               is
               absolutely
               necessary
               during
               the
               taking
               of
               those
               ,
               which
               are
               not
               so
               clean
               ,
               nor
               pass
               so
               well
               ,
               and
               may
               bind
               the
               Body
               too
               much
               .
            
             
             
               I
               have
               nothing
               more
               to
               add
               ,
               but
               for
               a
               Conservative
               of
               Health
               ,
               to
               recommend
               the
               drinking
               of
               Tunbridge
               Waters
               with
               Wine
               in
               Winter
               ,
               to
               the
               Hypochondriacal
               ,
               which
               are
               easier
               to
               be
               had
               than
               the
               German
               Spaw
               ,
               and
               are
               as
               much
               better
               than
               those
               ,
               by
               how
               much
               they
               are
               lighter
               ,
               and
               which
               ,
               in
               Flasks
               headed
               with
               Oyl
               ,
               will
               keep
               well
               .
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Natural
           History
           OF
           THE
           Purging
           Waters
           OF
           ENGLAND
           ,
           With
           their
           Uses
           .
        
         
           
             PART
             II.
             
          
           
             THE
             Purging
             Waters
             of
             England
             ,
             for
             their
             Pleasantness
             ,
             easiness
             of
             Working
             ;
             and
             extraordinary
             Effects
             in
             many
             Distempers
             have
             been
             justly
             celebrated
             ;
             but
             as
             their
             Original
             hath
             not
             been
             yet
             prov'd
             ,
             
             
             
             
             
             but
             remains
             a
             Question
             among
             Learned
             Men
             ;
             so
             the
             Varieties
             of
             their
             Natures
             ,
             not
             having
             been
             examin'd
             ,
             have
             rendred
             the
             differences
             of
             them
             unuseful
             .
             The
             due
             Examination
             of
             both
             ,
             I
             shall
             therefore
             propose
             ,
             with
             their
             Uses
             ,
             which
             we
             shall
             find
             great
             ,
             and
             very
             distinct
             .
             The
             Method
             I
             shall
             use
             ,
             shall
             be
             to
             set
             apart
             their
             Principles
             ,
             and
             then
             inquire
             into
             them
             ,
             and
             then
             make
             Essays
             of
             the
             Waters
             .
             In
             order
             to
             this
             ,
             I
             shall
             distinguish
             their
             Characteristicks
             and
             proper
             Signs
             ,
             and
             trace
             their
             Original
             .
             And
             that
             we
             may
             proceed
             surely
             ,
             I
             have
             examin'd
             the
             Waters
             at
             the
             Wells
             ,
             and
             the
             Earths
             of
             the
             several
             Wells
             ,
             my self
             ,
             except
             those
             that
             I
             had
             as
             sure
             a
             Conveniency
             of
             inquiring
             into
             ,
             by
             some
             accurate
             and
             unquestion'd
             Friends
             .
             The
             Purging
             Quality
             of
             these
             Waters
             then
             ,
             resides
             in
             the
             Salt
             ,
             which
             is
             peculiar
             to
             Wells
             that
             have
             these
             Qualifications
             .
          
           
             These
             Purging
             Waters
             are
             all
             found
             above
             the
             dead
             Loam
             ,
             in
             a
             Loamy
             Clay
             ,
             that
             is
             the
             same
             continued
             to
             the
             Foundation
             ,
             or
             dead
             Loam
             .
             This
             I
             have
             found
             common
             to
             the
             Selenitical
             Waters
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             others
             ;
             and
             in
             this
             Loamy
             Clay
             ,
             the
             Water
             hath
             only
             a
             level
             Spring
             :
             And
             though
             the
             Waters
             ,
             by
             the
             Surface
             ,
             may
             seem
             to
             be
             in
             a
             Gravel
             ,
             as
             those
             of
             Richmond
             ,
             yet
             the
             Earth
             ,
             as
             I
             was
             there
             inform'd
             by
             those
             that
             sunk
             the
             Well
             ,
             proves
             to
             be
             a
             continu'd
             Clay
             ,
             and
             without
             mixture
             of
             Gravel
             down
             to
             the
             dead
             Loam
             .
             The
             Scarborow
             
             Waters
             ,
             by
             an
             Exception
             against
             this
             ,
             being
             a
             running
             Spring
             ,
             and
             in
             a
             Gravel
             ,
             but
             the
             Earth
             of
             all
             others
             ,
             that
             have
             had
             a
             gravelly
             Surface
             ,
             proving
             upon
             Inquiry
             a
             Loamy
             Clay
             ,
             as
             that
             of
             Richmond
             ,
             and
             that
             near
             Colchester
             ,
             it
             is
             reasonable
             to
             allow
             me
             it
             here
             ,
             where
             the
             Spring
             is
             not
             lyable
             to
             enquiry
             ;
             and
             since
             in
             my
             examination
             of
             that
             Spring
             ,
             I
             shall
             prove
             it
             a
             complicated
             one
             ,
             of
             a
             Saline
             Water
             ,
             as
             the
             rest
             ,
             joyn'd
             with
             a
             Chalybeat
             Water
             ,
             which
             sort
             are
             ever
             running
             Springs
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             A
             Nitre
             ever
             appears
             on
             the
             Earth
             ,
             about
             the
             Springs
             where
             it
             is
             expos'd
             to
             the
             Air
             ,
             so
             at
             
               Scarborow
               ,
               Woodham-Ferrys
               ,
               Acton
            
             ,
             &c.
             at
             Epsam
             it
             shews
             it self
             like
             a
             white
             Incrustation
             ;
             yet
             these
             Nitres
             all
             differ
             from
             the
             Salts
             contain'd
             in
             the
             Waters
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             The
             Matter
             impowering
             these
             Waters
             ,
             is
             a
             Salt
             ,
             of
             which
             they
             contain
             a
             great
             quantity
             ,
             some
             in
             a
             dry
             Season
             ,
             affording
             near
             a
             Dram
             in
             a
             Pint
             :
             The
             Quantities
             may
             be
             collected
             from
             the
             weights
             of
             the
             Waters
             ;
             and
             this
             Salt
             not
             Volatile
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             They
             have
             universally
             one
             common
             Index
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             a
             Stone
             ,
             form'd
             out
             of
             ,
             and
             bearing
             the
             face
             of
             Loam
             within
             when
             broken
             .
             At
             Epsam
             it
             is
             more
             mellow
             ,
             from
             the
             quantity
             of
             Chalk
             that
             that
             Soyle
             affords
             ;
             else
             it
             is
             naturally
             hard
             ,
             as
             I
             observ'd
             it
             in
             all
             the
             other
             Wells
             ,
             almost
             to
             striking
             of
             Fire
             with
             Steel
             .
             At
             Alford
             (
             my
             Friend
             inform'd
             me
             )
             the
             Stone
             would
             strike
             Fire
             ,
             but
             not
             strong
             
             enough
             to
             kindle
             Tinder
             :
             This
             Stone
             is
             is
             a
             sort
             of
             Pyrites
             ,
             as
             the
             great
             Naturalist
             ,
             and
             Learned
             Physician
             ,
             Dr.
             
               Martin
               Lister
            
             ,
             rightly
             names
             it
             ;
             but
             that
             being
             a
             name
             of
             a
             Genus
             of
             Marcasites
             ,
             and
             so
             too
             large
             an
             Appellative
             ,
             I
             shall
             particulary
             describe
             this
             ,
             which
             is
             peculiar
             to
             this
             sort
             of
             Mineral
             Waters
             .
             This
             Stone
             then
             (
             which
             is
             found
             in
             these
             Wells
             ,
             at
             the
             bottom
             near
             the
             dead
             Loam
             where
             the
             Water
             ooseth
             )
             in
             outward
             crust
             resembles
             a
             Pibble
             ,
             and
             as
             unform'd
             ,
             and
             as
             differing
             in
             bulk
             ,
             most
             amounting
             to
             the
             size
             of
             a
             Man's
             Head
             ;
             and
             more
             of
             them
             are
             found
             bigger
             than
             less
             .
             It
             is
             heavy
             and
             very
             hard
             ;
             when
             broke
             ,
             it
             appears
             coated
             ,
             with
             flakes
             of
             Gypsum
             ,
             some
             white
             ,
             some
             yellowish
             ,
             some
             Alabastrine
             ,
             not
             exceeding
             in
             thickness
             the
             eighth
             of
             an
             Inch
             ;
             and
             from
             its
             breaking
             ,
             and
             thready
             Composition
             ,
             is
             distinguish'd
             by
             Naturalists
             by
             the
             name
             of
             Trichitis
             .
             This
             Coat
             invests
             some
             wholly
             ,
             some
             are
             cased
             here
             and
             there
             only
             ,
             some
             this
             passing
             into
             ,
             divides
             into
             parcels
             :
             The
             Matter
             or
             Body
             of
             these
             parcels
             too
             ,
             differ
             in
             hardness
             ,
             and
             some
             in
             colour
             ,
             containing
             Iron
             ,
             either
             of
             the
             natural
             colour
             as
             in
             most
             ,
             or
             rushy
             ,
             as
             in
             Richmond
             ;
             but
             most
             of
             these
             Stones
             are
             pure
             Loam
             hardned
             .
             Richmond
             Stone
             had
             this
             peculiar
             to
             it
             ,
             that
             the
             Stone
             was
             invested
             with
             Gypsum
             ,
             b●t
             not
             divided
             by
             it
             as
             the
             rest
             ,
             and
             was
             of
             a
             lighter
             colour
             ,
             near
             that
             of
             ashes
             not
             high
             burnt
             .
          
           
           
             The
             Stone
             of
             Dulwich
             again
             resembled
             the
             rest
             ,
             but
             had
             many
             shining
             Particles
             appearing
             ,
             as
             in
             Marcasites
             :
             Their
             differences
             and
             different
             Reasons
             follow
             by
             and
             by
             in
             their
             Essays
             ,
             and
             will
             be
             found
             agreeable
             to
             the
             account
             of
             the
             Waters
             ;
             where
             they
             will
             be
             found
             to
             have
             no
             Essential
             difference
             ,
             from
             any
             Metalline
             parts
             or
             other
             ,
             besides
             what
             the
             differing
             nature
             of
             their
             Salts
             import
             ,
             which
             from
             their
             differing
             depth
             ,
             and
             remoteness
             from
             Nitre
             ,
             makes
             the
             Stone
             proportionably
             Marcasitical
             ,
             or
             vary
             with
             the
             Soile
             :
             The
             shining
             of
             some
             of
             these
             Stones
             ,
             I
             referr'd
             to
             the
             Marcasitical
             Nature
             of
             the
             Juyce
             ,
             and
             found
             the
             same
             Particles
             natural
             to
             the
             dead
             Loam
             ,
             whence
             this
             Juyce
             seems
             to
             be
             deriv'd
             ,
             which
             seem'd
             to
             imply
             ,
             that
             the
             difference
             of
             this
             Juyce
             ,
             consisted
             not
             in
             any
             accession
             of
             Mineral
             parts
             ,
             but
             difference
             of
             Digestion
             ,
             and
             the
             Qualities
             the
             different
             Region
             may
             give
             it
             .
             I
             observ'd
             ,
             among
             my
             other
             Essays
             of
             these
             Stones
             ,
             that
             when
             by
             Fusion
             with
             fine
             Glass
             ,
             I
             endeavour'd
             to
             discover
             any
             Mineral
             Tincture
             ,
             though
             I
             discover'd
             not
             any
             ,
             yet
             the
             Dullwich
             Stone
             in
             the
             same
             Fire
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             same
             time
             ,
             pierc'd
             the
             Vessel
             it
             was
             melted
             in
             ,
             which
             was
             of
             Tobacco-pipe
             Clay
             ,
             and
             made
             it
             break
             smooth
             and
             shining
             like
             China
             Earth
             ,
             which
             the
             other
             Stones
             did
             not
             effect
             .
          
           
             The
             Gellying
             of
             these
             Stones
             in
             〈◊〉
             ,
             to
             me
             imported
             the
             same
             ,
             it
             being
             the
             ●●ture
             
             of
             differing
             Marcasites
             ,
             to
             form
             a
             Butter
             with
             the
             same
             Salts
             ;
             from
             which
             yet
             these
             differ'd
             ,
             in
             that
             these
             afforded
             it
             not
             by
             Sublimation
             ,
             which
             I
             try'd
             .
             And
             from
             the
             Nature
             of
             this
             Juyce
             ,
             the
             Dullwich
             Water
             seems
             to
             derive
             the
             unkindliness
             of
             its
             Effects
             ,
             which
             bears
             not
             drinking
             with
             the
             same
             freedom
             as
             others
             ,
             being
             more
             cold
             and
             heavy
             on
             the
             Stomach
             .
             The
             further
             inquiry
             into
             the
             Nature
             of
             these
             Stones
             and
             Juyce
             informing
             them
             ,
             and
             how
             they
             have
             reference
             to
             these
             Waters
             ,
             comes
             in
             its
             place
             .
             The
             harmlesness
             of
             this
             Juyce
             ,
             appears
             in
             the
             Epsam
             Stone
             ,
             which
             is
             more
             lax
             and
             open
             ,
             being
             not
             harder
             than
             a
             Chalk
             ,
             which
             shew'd
             its
             Original
             ,
             but
             not
             the
             Essence
             of
             its
             Purging
             ,
             to
             require
             the
             unalter'd
             Juyce
             :
             That
             the
             Epsam
             Stone
             is
             the
             same
             with
             the
             other
             appear'd
             ,
             in
             that
             some
             parts
             of
             it
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             some
             parts
             of
             the
             Gypseous
             Earth
             ,
             would
             gelly
             in
             
               Aqua
               fortis
            
             as
             well
             as
             the
             other
             ;
             especially
             those
             parts
             where
             the
             Selenites
             shot
             .
             Else
             the
             Infusion
             of
             this
             Stone
             gave
             a
             Green
             ,
             with
             Syrup
             of
             Violets
             ,
             which
             the
             others
             gave
             not
             .
          
           
             Having
             thus
             found
             the
             constant
             Mineral
             Qualifications
             of
             these
             Wells
             ,
             and
             Indicia
             of
             the
             Waters
             ,
             it
             will
             be
             satisfactory
             now
             ,
             to
             observe
             more
             closely
             the
             Waters
             ,
             and
             in
             what
             or
             how
             they
             agree
             .
             And
             these
             power
             to
             be
             the
             same
             in
             Original
             and
             Nature
             further
             ,
          
           
           
             1.
             
             That
             the
             Taste
             is
             common
             to
             the
             Waters
             ,
             as
             well
             the
             Selenitical
             ,
             or
             wherein
             the
             Selenites
             are
             form'd
             ,
             as
             the
             other
             sort
             which
             are
             found
             in
             a
             constant
             loamy
             Clay
             and
             even
             ,
             and
             this
             in
             all
             its
             differences
             .
             For
             the
             smooth
             Taste
             of
             Richmond
             Waters
             ,
             is
             match'd
             by
             the
             Colchester
             ;
             the
             Bitterness
             of
             Epsam
             ,
             in
             Dullwich
             ,
             and
             a
             little
             in
             Brentwood-weal
             .
             Besides
             there
             is
             somewhat
             of
             a
             common
             Taste
             to
             all
             ;
             so
             that
             may
             assist
             us
             in
             discovering
             their
             Principles
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             Salt
             ,
             though
             it
             differs
             ,
             some
             being
             figur'd
             ,
             and
             some
             not
             ,
             (
             of
             the
             latter
             sort
             being
             Epsam
             and
             Acton
             )
             some
             melting
             difficultly
             ,
             some
             easily
             ,
             with
             the
             heat
             of
             a
             temperate
             Hand
             ,
             as
             the
             Salt
             of
             the
             same
             Waters
             do
             ;
             yet
             it
             agrees
             in
             its
             Nature
             ,
             between
             a
             Nitre
             and
             a
             Vitriol
             ,
             joyning
             with
             Vitriols
             ,
             and
             not
             precipitating
             them
             ,
             freedom
             from
             any
             Corrosive
             Qualities
             and
             Temper
             ,
             in
             which
             is
             a
             Union
             of
             Acidity
             and
             Nitre
             ,
             and
             working
             a
             little
             both
             with
             Acids
             and
             Alkalys
             ,
             and
             having
             these
             Qualities
             ,
             the
             same
             with
             the
             Salts
             ,
             they
             are
             affine
             to
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             In
             their
             Virtues
             ,
             not
             only
             in
             the
             Faculty
             of
             Purging
             ,
             but
             in
             helping
             the
             Appetite
             ,
             allaying
             Hypochondriack
             Flatus
             ,
             and
             the
             like
             Effects
             which
             are
             Vitrioline
             .
          
           
             Now
             the
             Purging
             Wells
             are
             of
             two
             sorts
             ,
             The
             first
             affording
             a
             Stone
             ,
             call'd
             by
             Naturalists
             the
             Selenites
             ,
             which
             is
             shot
             in
             the
             Clay
             where
             the
             Water
             issues
             ;
             and
             these
             Wells
             always
             
             afford
             veins
             of
             putrid
             Iron
             ,
             together
             with
             the
             Selenites
             ,
             and
             some
             quantities
             of
             pleasant
             Acid
             Juyce
             ,
             like
             Spirit
             of
             Sulphur
             or
             Vitriol
             ,
             in
             a
             condens'd
             coagulated
             form
             ,
             or
             mix'd
             with
             the
             Earth
             ,
             and
             lying
             in
             yellow
             or
             Ferrugineous
             Veins
             .
             Thus
             both
             at
             Epsam
             and
             Woodham-Ferrys
             I
             found
             it
             ,
             by
             examining
             the
             Wells
             when
             new
             dug
             .
             The
             other
             sort
             have
             no
             differing
             face
             consisting
             of
             an
             uniform
             Loam
             to
             the
             bottom
             .
          
           
             I
             shall
             first
             give
             a
             short
             view
             of
             the
             proofs
             ,
             by
             which
             we
             may
             be
             sure
             we
             are
             rightly
             fix'd
             upon
             the
             true
             Ingredients
             or
             Principles
             ,
             and
             then
             examine
             their
             Nature
             ,
             and
             Reason
             of
             their
             Production
             .
          
           
             That
             the
             Matter
             which
             these
             Wells
             exhibit
             to
             our
             view
             ,
             are
             the
             very
             Principles
             of
             the
             Purging
             Salt
             of
             these
             Waters
             ,
             and
             parcels
             of
             the
             Matter
             ,
             is
             proved
             by
             these
             following
             Particulars
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             The
             Nature
             of
             the
             Purging
             Salts
             varies
             as
             these
             vary
             ,
             as
             may
             be
             observed
             by
             the
             comparing
             the
             Essays
             of
             the
             Waters
             ,
             with
             the
             Tryals
             of
             the
             Stones
             ,
             and
             by
             softness
             of
             the
             Salt
             of
             the
             Selenitical
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             same
             Ingredients
             and
             Matter
             found
             in
             all
             ,
             and
             account
             for
             what
             they
             differ
             in
             ,
             and
             from
             the
             preceding
             Uniformity
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             It
             is
             not
             of
             a
             deeper
             Original
             ,
             because
             where-ever
             these
             Ingredients
             are
             found
             ,
             there
             is
             likewise
             the
             Purging
             Water
             ;
             but
             beyond
             these
             marks
             ,
             is
             never
             any
             thing
             found
             but
             a
             
             dead
             Loam
             ,
             unpassable
             to
             Water
             ,
             and
             unopen
             to
             yield
             Salt
             :
             And
             this
             is
             clear
             in
             the
             Selenitical
             Water
             at
             Epsam
             ,
             where
             neither
             Water
             nor
             Selenites
             are
             found
             lower
             ,
             though
             attempted
             some
             feet
             lower
             to
             enlarge
             the
             Spring
             ,
             which
             proved
             only
             common
             dead
             Loam
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Not
             of
             a
             wider
             Derivation
             ,
             none
             of
             the
             same
             Waters
             lying
             in
             the
             neighbouring
             Earth
             ,
             whence
             these
             Springs
             may
             be
             suspected
             to
             descend
             ;
             nor
             any
             of
             the
             Indexes
             of
             them
             ,
             nor
             any
             Metals
             or
             Mineral
             bodies
             .
             Nor
             indeed
             are
             these
             Earths
             found
             lying
             over
             any
             Mines
             ,
             constant
             at
             least
             ,
             as
             these
             Signs
             are
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             Another
             most
             evident
             sign
             ,
             that
             the
             Principles
             are
             here
             rightly
             fix'd
             ,
             is
             ,
             That
             the
             Species
             of
             these
             Waters
             which
             afford
             the
             Selenites
             ,
             we
             have
             a
             clear
             and
             good
             account
             of
             from
             all
             Naturalists
             ,
             to
             proceed
             only
             from
             a
             mixture
             of
             Loam
             and
             Chalk-stone
             ,
             and
             perhaps
             a
             little
             Iron
             ;
             and
             never
             to
             be
             found
             over
             any
             Mine
             ,
             but
             over
             Quarries
             of
             Chalk
             or
             Stone
             .
             Which
             is
             a
             sufficient
             Argument
             ,
             and
             the
             more
             considerable
             ,
             in
             that
             they
             never
             took
             notice
             of
             the
             Purging
             Qualities
             of
             the
             Waters
             .
          
           
             6.
             
             The
             Signs
             and
             Qualifications
             of
             these
             Wells
             before
             recited
             ,
             are
             proper
             to
             them
             only
             .
          
           
             7.
             
             Another
             Argument
             is
             to
             be
             drawn
             ,
             from
             the
             Disposition
             of
             this
             Earth
             to
             produce
             a
             Salt
             ,
             as
             is
             seen
             in
             its
             Efflorescence
             .
          
           
             8.
             
             From
             the
             softness
             of
             the
             Salt
             of
             the
             Selenitical
             Waters
             ,
             which
             will
             be
             understood
             and
             compar'd
             in
             the
             following
             account
             .
          
           
           
             9.
             
             Their
             Innocence
             ,
             regular
             Variation
             ,
             and
             that
             these
             Principles
             account
             for
             all
             their
             Phaenomena
             ,
             prove
             the
             Salt
             of
             these
             Waters
             to
             be
             the
             genuine
             and
             natural
             Product
             of
             these
             Principles
             .
          
           
             To
             all
             which
             add
             ,
             That
             the
             Purging
             and
             Medicinal
             Qualities
             resides
             in
             the
             Salt
             ;
             and
             that
             the
             open
             nature
             of
             Clays
             ,
             would
             discover
             any
             Mineral
             or
             Metal
             concern'd
             ,
             and
             not
             conceal
             more
             than
             we
             may
             observe
             .
          
           
             That
             we
             may
             understand
             whence
             ,
             or
             to
             what
             is
             this
             Salt
             owing
             ,
             the
             Original
             of
             the
             Salt
             ,
             and
             nature
             both
             of
             the
             Earth
             and
             Juyces
             concern'd
             in
             the
             Production
             of
             it
             ,
             I
             proceed
             now
             to
             examine
             the
             Principles
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Principles
               or
               Ingredients
               that
               impregnate
               the
               Purging
               Waters
               ,
               examin'd
               .
            
             
               HAving
               thus
               traced
               the
               Production
               of
               this
               Salt
               ,
               and
               determin'd
               it
               to
               the
               Earth
               ,
               through
               which
               the
               Wells
               are
               sunk
               ,
               and
               Mineral
               Stone
               or
               Juyce
               contain'd
               in
               these
               Stones
               ;
               we
               come
               now
               to
               examine
               these
               ,
               their
               Nature
               ,
               and
               what
               parts
               of
               these
               enter
               the
               Composition
               ,
               or
               how
               they
               are
               concern'd
               in
               the
               Production
               of
               this
               Salt.
               And
               upon
               due
               Essays
               of
               these
               Earths
               and
               Stones
               ,
               we
               shall
               find
               in
               general
               an
               Earth
               rich
               of
               Salt
               ,
               Chalybeat
               or
               Ferreous
               
               parts
               ,
               a
               Mineral
               Juyce
               out
               of
               which
               this
               Salt
               seems
               form'd
               ;
               and
               we
               may
               observe
               the
               Salt
               of
               the
               upper
               Soile
               somewhat
               concern'd
               in
               ,
               and
               that
               on
               the
               Varieties
               of
               the
               two
               last
               ,
               the
               Varieties
               of
               the
               Waters
               do
               depend
               .
               And
               these
               I
               shall
               enquire
               into
               ,
               as
               to
               their
               Original
               and
               Nature
               .
            
             
               The
               Earth
               in
               which
               these
               Wells
               are
               ,
               and
               which
               yields
               this
               Salt
               ,
               is
               a
               Loamy
               Clay
               ,
               more
               mellow
               ,
               and
               more
               of
               a
               Clay
               toward
               the
               Surface
               ,
               but
               more
               loamy
               toward
               the
               bottom
               .
               The
               inner
               Earth
               is
               such
               as
               our
               Tiles
               are
               made
               of
               ;
               at
               Richmond
               at
               Epsam
               ,
               they
               dig
               both
               Brick
               and
               Tyle
               ,
               Earth
               too
               ,
               as
               I
               remember
               ,
               out
               of
               the
               Hill
               yielding
               these
               Springs
               .
               So
               I
               need
               not
               describe
               the
               Earth
               ,
               it
               being
               known
               that
               the
               ponderous
               close
               and
               fat
               is
               used
               for
               Tiles
               ,
               and
               the
               looser
               for
               Bricks
               .
               The
               colour
               of
               these
               Earths
               vary
               a
               little
               ,
               and
               though
               usually
               Brown
               ,
               yet
               in
               some
               that
               colour
               is
               brightned
               near
               a
               Gray
               .
               The
               Earth
               of
               these
               Springs
               is
               sound
               of
               these
               two
               kinds
               constantly
               ,
               either
               a
               meer
               Clay
               of
               the
               same
               face
               to
               the
               bottom
               ,
               as
               are
               the
               Wells
               where
               the
               Salt
               is
               Christalliz'd
               ,
               or
               firm
               and
               figur'd
               ,
               or
               the
               same
               Clay
               mix'd
               with
               Veins
               of
               Iron
               ,
               and
               pleasantly
               Acid
               Juyce
               ,
               like
               Spirit
               of
               Vitriol
               ,
               and
               interspersed
               with
               Selenites
               ,
               which
               are
               form'd
               in
               it
               .
               The
               Wells
               where
               they
               dig
               ,
               only
               a
               pure
               loamy
               Clay
               ,
               ever
               toward
               the
               bottom
               (
               which
               is
               seldom
               more
               than
               twelve
               Feet
               ,
               and
               I
               think
               never
               more
               than
               twenty
               in
               depth
               )
               receives
               the
               
               Water
               from
               the
               sides
               issuing
               from
               between
               the
               Stones
               before
               describ'd
               ;
               and
               nothing
               besides
               is
               observable
               in
               these
               Wells
               .
            
             
               Now
               not
               only
               the
               face
               and
               figure
               of
               the
               Salt
               ,
               but
               its
               Nature
               likewise
               ,
               acknowledge
               this
               Earth
               as
               its
               natural
               Patent
               ,
               and
               all
               is
               confirm'd
               in
               the
               manner
               of
               its
               Production
               .
               The
               form
               of
               the
               Salt
               of
               the
               Wells
               ,
               usually
               resembles
               the
               Salt
               shot
               about
               them
               upon
               the
               Surface
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               which
               at
               some
               is
               in
               Stiriae
               ,
               at
               some
               appears
               only
               like
               a
               soft
               mould
               .
               The
               Nature
               of
               it
               is
               middle
               between
               a
               Nitre
               and
               a
               Vitriol
               ,
               which
               agrees
               well
               with
               the
               Earth
               it
               is
               form'd
               of
               ,
               Nitrous
               Earths
               requiring
               slackning
               in
               the
               open
               Air.
               And
               the
               manner
               of
               the
               Production
               of
               this
               Salt
               ,
               is
               fully
               as
               agreeable
               to
               this
               account
               ,
               for
               it
               is
               not
               only
               at
               these
               Wells
               ,
               that
               this
               sort
               of
               Earth
               shoots
               this
               Nitrous
               Efflorescence
               ,
               but
               at
               all
               other
               places
               it
               is
               observable
               ,
               as
               frequently
               in
               Ditches
               ,
               and
               where-ever
               it
               is
               cast
               up
               by
               the
               Tile
               makers
               ;
               and
               which
               is
               worth
               a
               Remark
               ,
               as
               discovering
               the
               Reason
               or
               Manner
               of
               its
               Production
               ,
               it
               is
               to
               be
               noted
               ▪
               That
               this
               Efflorescence
               ,
               appears
               only
               where
               the
               Air
               is
               moist
               or
               damp
               ,
               and
               confin'd
               .
               This
               I
               observe
               ,
               not
               only
               to
               account
               for
               the
               Production
               of
               this
               Salt
               in
               Subterraneous
               Channels
               ,
               but
               also
               for
               the
               difference
               of
               the
               Salt
               of
               the
               Water
               ,
               from
               that
               shooting
               on
               the
               Surface
               ,
               that
               the
               Salt
               of
               the
               Water
               is
               more
               Fusil
               ,
               and
               retains
               more
               of
               the
               Acid
               part
               of
               the
               Salt
               ,
               which
               
               is
               collected
               in
               proportion
               to
               the
               Closeness
               ,
               and
               the
               Moistness
               or
               Coldness
               of
               the
               place
               .
               And
               as
               a
               further
               Illustration
               and
               proof
               of
               what
               I
               assert
               ,
               I
               shall
               give
               the
               Reader
               one
               or
               two
               Essays
               of
               Loam
               taken
               from
               common
               Pits
               for
               the
               making
               of
               Tiles
               ,
               which
               prove
               that
               this
               Earth
               contains
               a
               Salt
               that
               may
               be
               extracted
               ,
               and
               hint
               the
               manner
               of
               its
               Extraction
               .
               For
               although
               no
               Loam
               yields
               any
               Salt
               to
               an
               Infusion
               of
               boyling
               Water
               ,
               yet
               I
               found
               that
               Water
               sharpened
               with
               Oyl
               of
               Vitriol
               ,
               or
               common
               Salt
               ,
               or
               Spirit
               of
               Salt
               ,
               would
               extract
               a
               Salt
               ;
               and
               which
               is
               yet
               more
               ,
               that
               Lime
               water
               would
               slacken
               it
               ,
               and
               make
               it
               yield
               one
               .
               I
               shall
               give
               the
               Examen
               of
               Loam
               ,
               opened
               by
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               ,
               and
               Spirit
               of
               Vitriol
               .
            
             
               Loam
               Water
               made
               by
               Infusion
               of
               common
               Water
               ,
            
             
               sharpned
               with
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               ,
               gave
               with
            
             
               Tincture
               of
               Logwood
               ,
               a
               pale
               dusky
               Tawny
               .
            
             
               Gall
               ,
               a
               faint
               blewish
               Black
               ,
               not
               thick
            
             
               Syrup
               of
               Cloves
               ,
               a
               dusky
               Red
               and
               palish
               .
            
             
               
                 Sal
                 Absynthii
              
               ,
               a
               white
               curdle
               ,
               which
               easily
               dissolv'd
            
             
               in
               washing
               ,
               and
               left
               little
               Earth
               .
            
             
               Syrup
               of
               Violets
               ,
               a
               bright
               Red.
               
            
             
               It
               differ'd
               little
               in
               taste
               ,
               from
               what
               the
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               gave
               .
            
          
           
             
               Loam
               Water
               two
               Pounds
               ,
               with
               Spirit
               of
               Vitriol
               two
               Drams
               ,
               infused
               a
               Week
               ,
               had
               the
               ma●kish
               taste
               of
               the
               Purging
               Waters
               .
            
             
             
               With
               Tincture
               of
               Logwood
               ,
               a
               sooty
               dusky
               colour
               ,
               a
               little
               reddish
               .
            
             
               Syrup
               of
               Cloves
               ,
               a
               red
               not
               bright
               .
            
             
               
                 Sal
                 Absynthii
              
               ,
               a
               white
               Curdle
               ,
               not
               easily
               soluble
               .
            
             
               Syr.
               of
               Violets
               ,
               a
               purplish
               Red.
            
             
               Sublimate
               Water
               ,
               no
               alteration
               .
            
          
           
             
               Loam
               Water
               made
               with
               common
               Salt.
               
            
             
               With
               Tincture
               of
               Logwood
               ,
               a
               bright
               Red.
               
            
             
               The
               Salts
               of
               these
               Infusions
               were
               collected
               by
               evaporating
               .
            
             
               I
               shall
               note
               ,
               that
               these
               Infusions
               will
               detect
               some
               Ferrugineous
               parts
               in
               Loam
               ,
               and
               which
               seem
               separated
               in
               the
               Selenitical
               Earth
               ,
               rather
               than
               added
               .
               The
               Salt
               that
               these
               Loamy
               Clays
               yield
               ,
               as
               it
               is
               of
               a
               common
               Origine
               with
               that
               of
               common
               Earth
               ,
               or
               upper
               Soile
               ,
               so
               it
               seems
               to
               vary
               much
               on
               that
               account
               with
               the
               neighbouring
               Earth
               ;
               but
               that
               this
               should
               be
               so
               very
               rich
               in
               generating
               ,
               it
               must
               be
               from
               the
               more
               Saline
               Nature
               of
               this
               Earth
               ,
               or
               from
               plenty
               of
               some
               Menstruum
               to
               extract
               it
               ;
               the
               first
               may
               be
               from
               the
               continuation
               of
               this
               Earth
               with
               the
               grand
               Matrix
               ,
               which
               in
               others
               in
               intercepted
               by
               Lays
               of
               Gravel
               ,
               or
               the
               like
               :
               The
               latter
               may
               be
               from
               Juyce
               ,
               which
               is
               in
               a
               sort
               Vitrioline
               :
               And
               the
               closeness
               of
               this
               Clay
               ,
               does
               much
               contribute
               to
               this
               Collection
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               the
               coldness
               of
               it
               .
               But
               the
               Nature
               
               of
               this
               Juyce
               comes
               next
               to
               be
               examin'd
               ,
               under
               the
               Essay
               of
               the
               Stones
               ,
               which
               are
               Parcels
               of
               this
               Loamy
               Earth
               .
            
             
               The
               Stones
               then
               ,
               which
               are
               the
               proper
               Index
               of
               these
               Wells
               ,
               and
               which
               ,
               from
               their
               Nature
               ,
               are
               apt
               to
               receive
               Mineral
               or
               Metalline
               parts
               ,
               must
               be
               supposed
               to
               contain
               part
               of
               the
               Ingredients
               at
               least
               of
               this
               Salt.
               The
               Stones
               I
               prov'd
               severally
               from
               the
               several
               Wells
               ,
               whence
               I
               took
               them
               my self
               ,
               the
               Hydrostatical
               weight
               of
               which
               ,
               with
               some
               other
               Essays
               ,
               I
               shall
               more
               conveniently
               place
               at
               the
               end
               of
               this
               Account
               .
               I
               proved
               them
               by
               Ustion
               or
               Roasting
               ,
               by
               Calcination
               ,
               by
               Sublimation
               ,
               by
               Precipitations
               :
               By
               Ustion
               ,
               to
               separate
               the
               Salt
               :
               By
               the
               second
               ,
               to
               open
               the
               Body
               ,
               and
               discover
               Mineral
               or
               Marcasite
               :
               The
               third
               ,
               〈◊〉
               discover
               any
               sulphurous
               Body
               or
               Steam
               .
               Lastly
               ,
               By
               Precipitations
               ,
               both
               out
               of
               a
               Lixivium
               ,
               and
               of
               the
               wash'd
               Stone
               out
               of
               
                 Aqua
                 fortis
              
               :
               By
               all
               which
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               by
               Fusion
               with
               fine
               Glass
               ,
               the
               Stones
               prov'd
               void
               of
               any
               Metalline
               or
               Mineral
               Mixture
               .
               But
               instead
               of
               these
               ,
               their
               particular
               Nature
               appear'd
               ,
               to
               consist
               in
               the
               Juyce
               or
               Salt
               of
               them
               ,
               saving
               only
               a
               little
               Iron
               which
               Woodham-Ferrys
               afforded
               ,
               and
               which
               will
               be
               found
               to
               agree
               well
               with
               the
               Constitution
               of
               those
               Waters
               which
               are
               Chalybeat
               .
               This
               particular
               sort
               of
               Juyce
               ,
               or
               Salt
               ,
               appear'd
               in
               their
               forming
               a
               Jelly
               with
               
                 Aqua
                 fortis
              
               ,
               which
               would
               not
               become
               liquid
               under
               some
               days
               standing
               ;
               and
               
               the
               parts
               I
               prov'd
               to
               be
               in
               some
               of
               the
               Earth
               at
               Epsam
               ,
               that
               lay
               among
               the
               Selenites
               ,
               though
               the
               Stones
               by
               the
               mixture
               of
               Chalk
               did
               not
               .
               This
               Quality
               not
               attending
               Loam
               ,
               suggested
               somewhat
               different
               from
               that
               to
               be
               concern'd
               in
               it
               ;
               and
               knowing
               that
               Antimony
               ,
               Auripigmentum
               ,
               and
               perhaps
               some
               other
               Marcasites
               ,
               with
               the
               mixture
               of
               some
               Salts
               whence
               
                 Aqua
                 fortis
              
               is
               made
               ,
               would
               yield
               a
               Butter
               by
               Distillation
               ;
               I
               essay'd
               this
               Jelly
               by
               Sublimation
               in
               like
               Vessels
               ,
               but
               fail'd
               of
               my
               Expectation
               ,
               and
               then
               consider'd
               that
               this
               Jelly
               ,
               not
               only
               differ'd
               in
               being
               produc'd
               without
               Heat
               or
               Sublimation
               ,
               but
               had
               not
               the
               least
               Caustick
               Qualities
               of
               the
               other
               Marcasitick
               Butters
               ,
               but
               rather
               mortify'd
               the
               Acid
               Spirit
               .
               But
               all
               these
               Suggestions
               and
               Doubts
               〈◊〉
               clear'd
               to
               me
               ,
               by
               examining
               the
               Origin●●
               of
               this
               Stone
               ,
               when
               I
               understood
               it
               to
               be
               form'd
               of
               a
               Loamy
               Clay
               ;
               in
               conjunction
               of
               a
               Vitriolick
               Juyce
               .
               For
               this
               I
               was
               first
               taught
               at
               Harwich
               ,
               where
               I
               found
               the
               same
               Stones
               exactly
               ,
               nothing
               differing
               ,
               either
               in
               face
               when
               broke
               ,
               or
               whole
               and
               invested
               with
               the
               same
               Gypsum
               or
               Trichitis
               ,
               and
               with
               the
               same
               mixture
               of
               Iron
               .
               These
               Stones
               there
               lye
               plentifully
               on
               the
               shore
               ,
               and
               stuck
               in
               the
               Bank
               at
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Cliff
               ,
               and
               only
               at
               the
               Foot
               of
               that
               Spot
               of
               the
               Cliff
               that
               is
               a
               continued
               Loam
               .
               This
               Production
               I
               refer'd
               to
               a
               Vitrioline
               Juyce
               in
               Conjunction
               with
               the
               Loam
               ,
               because
               the
               common
               Coporas
               Stones
               are
               plentifully
               found
               on
               that
               
               shore
               ,
               and
               I
               observ'd
               Children
               employ'd
               there
               to
               collect
               them
               ;
               but
               whereas
               they
               lye
               thick
               where
               the
               Cliff
               is
               gravelly
               ,
               where
               the
               Cliff
               was
               Loamy
               ,
               and
               the
               shore
               floor'd
               with
               these
               Stones
               ,
               I
               found
               no
               Coporas
               Stones
               ,
               nor
               did
               the
               Children
               seek
               there
               for
               them
               ,
               though
               they
               pick'd
               close
               by
               it
               ,
               where
               the
               Bank
               begins
               gravelly
               .
               So
               that
               these
               Stones
               seem
               produc'd
               in
               the
               Loam
               ,
               as
               the
               other
               in
               the
               Gravel
               by
               the
               same
               Juyce
               .
               And
               since
               I
               have
               understood
               of
               several
               of
               our
               Diggers
               for
               Tile-Earth
               ,
               that
               the
               Coporas
               Stone
               is
               only
               found
               in
               those
               Clays
               that
               have
               a
               Gravel
               mix'd
               with
               them
               .
               So
               that
               at
               Harwich
               this
               Bed
               of
               Stones
               was
               the
               Foundation
               of
               the
               Loamy
               Cliff
               ,
               where
               the
               Cliff
               has
               been
               wash'd
               away
               or
               cut
               :
               For
               the
               Harbour
               or
               Channel
               there
               ,
               is
               Artificial
               ,
               and
               of
               no
               old
               Date
               ,
               the
               Current
               having
               been
               formerly
               on
               the
               other
               side
               of
               
                 Languard
                 Fort
              
               ,
               which
               then
               stood
               in
               Essex
               .
               The
               not
               understanding
               this
               ,
               made
               the
               Gentleman
               in
               Cambden
               to
               mention
               them
               as
               Petrifactions
               made
               by
               the
               Sea.
               And
               from
               this
               undoubtedly
               proceeds
               that
               Bed
               of
               Shells
               that
               covers
               the
               Cliff
               at
               perhaps
               fifty
               feet
               hight
               ,
               which
               must
               be
               carried
               thither
               at
               the
               making
               of
               the
               Harbour
               ,
               or
               clearing
               of
               it
               ,
               how
               else
               could
               the
               petrify'd
               Clay
               bed
               ,
               which
               contains
               the
               Shells
               ,
               lye
               a
               top
               ,
               and
               no
               Petrifaction
               lower
               ,
               till
               you
               come
               again
               to
               the
               bottom
               ?
               I
               think
               that
               they
               must
               originally
               have
               been
               the
               same
               lay
               ,
               and
               that
               it
               is
               inconsistent
               to
               suppose
               otherwise
               .
            
             
             
               Having
               thus
               arriv'd
               at
               the
               Origin
               of
               the
               Stones
               ,
               I
               shall
               make
               one
               farther
               Observation
               ,
               which
               is
               ,
               That
               these
               Stones
               yield
               the
               same
               Salt
               in
               a
               Lixivium
               ,
               which
               the
               Waters
               contain
               :
               From
               all
               which
               I
               conclude
               ,
               them
               Parcels
               of
               the
               Materials
               ,
               whence
               these
               Purging
               Waters
               have
               their
               Salt
               ,
               and
               wherein
               the
               particular
               Nature
               and
               Genius
               of
               the
               concrete
               Juyce
               is
               to
               be
               had
               .
            
             
               All
               this
               is
               confirm'd
               by
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               Salt
               of
               these
               Waters
               ,
               which
               being
               a
               mean
               Salt
               ,
               between
               Vitriol
               and
               Nitre
               ,
               requires
               such
               an
               Earth
               ,
               and
               such
               a
               Place
               for
               its
               Production
               ,
               for
               lower
               it
               had
               prov'd
               Vitrioline
               ,
               and
               superficial
               Nitrous
               ,
               which
               ,
               with
               the
               difference
               of
               the
               Salt
               keeping
               pace
               with
               the
               varying
               of
               the
               Stone
               ,
               and
               with
               the
               corresponding
               Nature
               of
               the
               Salt
               ,
               produced
               in
               moist
               Cavities
               ,
               as
               in
               Cellars
               ,
               to
               that
               sort
               of
               it
               which
               is
               soft
               ,
               as
               presently
               appears
               ,
               confirms
               fully
               this
               Account
               ,
               as
               agreeable
               both
               to
               Reason
               and
               Experience
               .
            
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Purging
               Waters
               wherein
               the
               Selenites
               is
               found
               .
            
             
               THis
               sort
               of
               Waters
               have
               the
               same
               Taste
               with
               the
               other
               ,
               and
               the
               like
               Variety
               in
               the
               Tasts
               of
               the
               several
               Waters
               ,
               and
               Purge
               alike
               .
               What
               they
               agree
               in
               is
               deliver'd
               above
               ,
               
               I
               shall
               therefore
               now
               consider
               their
               differences
               ,
               and
               the
               difference
               of
               the
               Principles
               ,
               and
               compare
               the
               Reason
               of
               these
               ,
               with
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               others
               .
               These
               Wells
               ,
               upon
               inquiry
               ,
               afford
               no
               fresh
               Principles
               ,
               or
               Mineral
               Ingredients
               ,
               but
               what
               the
               addition
               of
               a
               Calcarious
               Salt
               produces
               ,
               which
               rather
               affects
               these
               Waters
               as
               a
               Menstruum
               .
               I
               proceed
               to
               observe
               the
               difference
               and
               account
               for
               it
               .
            
             
               These
               are
               ever
               in
               a
               Loam
               ,
               but
               this
               Loam
               partakes
               of
               a
               Lime-stone
               ,
               this
               is
               evedent
               from
               all
               accounts
               of
               the
               Selenites
               ;
               and
               at
               Epsam
               the
               blew
               Loam
               lyes
               in
               streaks
               in
               the
               Hill
               ,
               and
               a
               Quarry
               of
               Chalk
               limits
               the
               Town
               at
               both
               ends
               .
               To
               this
               is
               owing
               the
               laxness
               of
               the
               Loam
               here
               above
               the
               rest
               ,
               and
               some
               differences
               it
               shews
               upon
               tryals
               ,
               as
               its
               clearness
               of
               Iron
               ,
               which
               Salt
               of
               Chalk
               and
               Lime
               precipitat
               ▪
               and
               where
               the
               Chalk
               is
               not
               found
               ,
               as
               at
               Woodham-Ferrys
               ,
               the
               Water
               there
               is
               Chalybeat
               .
            
             
               The
               Pyrites
               ,
               or
               hard
               Stone
               ,
               is
               to
               be
               found
               here
               ,
               but
               why
               it
               is
               perfect
               at
               Woodham-Ferrys
               ,
               and
               more
               lax
               at
               Epsam
               ,
               is
               owing
               to
               the
               same
               reason
               .
               For
               those
               two
               Wells
               were
               ,
               what
               I
               could
               examine
               ,
               being
               new
               dug
               ,
               when
               I
               visited
               them
               ,
               to
               view
               and
               examine
               the
               Earth
               cast
               out
               .
            
             
               The
               Differences
               of
               the
               Earth
               of
               these
               Waters
               ,
               from
               the
               other
               kind
               ,
               were
               common
               to
               both
               these
               Wells
               .
               At
               Epsam
               ,
               the
               Earth
               cast
               out
               of
               the
               Well
               (
               I
               mean
               
               Simps●n's
               )
               near
               the
               
               Parcels
               of
               Selenites
               ,
               had
               some
               tenderer
               or
               more
               brittle
               Earth
               of
               several
               colours
               ,
               but
               all
               near
               a
               Lemmon
               colour
               ,
               or
               of
               Iron
               rust
               .
               All
               these
               upon
               examination
               ,
               both
               with
               burning
               ,
               and
               without
               ,
               by
               bare
               washing
               ,
               afforded
               Iron
               which
               obey'd
               the
               Loadstone
               ,
               and
               a
               Salt
               ,
               or
               rather
               Juyce
               ,
               that
               was
               pleasingly
               Acid
               ,
               and
               not
               Caustick
               ,
               but
               the
               Taste
               differ'd
               a
               little
               ,
               as
               the
               Colour
               differ'd
               :
               The
               Lemmon-colour'd
               was
               exactly
               of
               the
               taste
               of
               Spirit
               of
               Vitriol
               ,
               without
               any
               odd
               taste
               ;
               only
               note
               ,
               that
               this
               I
               first
               burnt
               ;
               and
               the
               same
               Acidity
               I
               discover'd
               in
               some
               white
               Flakes
               of
               the
               Stone
               ,
               without
               any
               Metalline
               taste
               .
               I
               shall
               not
               be
               particular
               in
               the
               Sublimation
               of
               these
               Mineral
               Earths
               ;
               inasmuch
               as
               all
               the
               ways
               I
               attempted
               to
               try
               them
               ,
               discover'd
               nothing
               but
               pure
               Earth
               besides
               .
            
             
               At
               Woodham-Ferrys
               ,
               I
               observ'd
               the
               same
               colour'd
               Earths
               exactly
               ,
               and
               discover'd
               only
               Iron
               ,
               and
               the
               Juyce
               or
               Salt
               mix'd
               with
               it
               ;
               and
               as
               at
               Epsam
               ,
               so
               here
               ,
               the
               Earth
               clear'd
               of
               these
               ,
               was
               loose
               and
               open
               ,
               and
               was
               but
               common
               Earth
               ,
               as
               appear'd
               by
               weighing
               it
               Hydrostatically
               .
               The
               Particulars
               ,
               see
               in
               the
               Account
               of
               the
               Wells
               .
            
             
               Hence
               I
               was
               apt
               to
               think
               ,
               from
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               Juyce
               approaching
               to
               that
               of
               Spirit
               of
               Vitriol
               ,
               and
               upon
               the
               slackness
               of
               the
               Earth
               of
               these
               Wells
               ,
               that
               the
               Disposition
               towards
               an
               Alkaly
               of
               the
               admix'd
               Earth
               ,
               had
               detected
               and
               separated
               these
               Juyces
               ,
               which
               seem
               lock'd
               
               up
               in
               the
               Loam
               of
               the
               other
               :
               But
               the
               Pureness
               of
               the
               Vitrioline
               Juyce
               in
               these
               ,
               make
               me
               suspend
               that
               opinion
               ;
               and
               ,
               as
               I
               intimated
               before
               ,
               hence
               Epsam
               Water
               remains
               clear
               with
               a
               mixture
               of
               Galls
               ,
               whereas
               the
               other
               gives
               a
               dark
               Purple
               .
               I
               shall
               ,
               for
               clearness
               sake
               ,
               inquire
               now
               into
               the
               Origine
               of
               the
               Selenites
               ,
               and
               determine
               the
               Species
               of
               them
               these
               Waters
               belong
               to
               ,
               which
               are
               a
               Species
               of
               the
               Purging
               Kind
               .
               For
               the
               Salt
               of
               these
               Waters
               differ
               from
               that
               of
               the
               other
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               the
               Ingredients
               ,
               in
               that
               the
               Salt
               here
               is
               unfigur'd
               ,
               soft
               ,
               and
               melts
               in
               the
               warmth
               of
               a
               hand
               :
               In
               their
               Operation
               they
               are
               accordingly
               more
               penetrating
               ,
               and
               gall
               the
               parts
               of
               their
               Excretion
               ,
               or
               near
               it
               ;
               which
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               owing
               to
               the
               softness
               of
               the
               Salt
               ,
               and
               Calcarious
               Nature
               of
               it
               ,
               appears
               ,
               in
               that
               Woodham-Ferrys
               does
               it
               not
               so
               as
               Epsam
               and
               Acton
               .
               The
               different
               Virtues
               shall
               be
               taken
               notice
               of
               in
               their
               place
               ,
               as
               the
               differences
               of
               the
               Salt
               shall
               be
               in
               the
               Examen
               of
               the
               Waters
               .
            
             
               Now
               I
               observe
               ,
               all
               Waters
               that
               afford
               the
               Selenites
               (
               at
               least
               of
               this
               Kind
               and
               Figure
               )
               to
               be
               Purging
               ;
               and
               because
               the
               Wells
               that
               afford
               them
               ,
               are
               capable
               to
               be
               proved
               beyond
               dispute
               ,
               as
               at
               Kettering
               ,
               and
               in
               Oxfordshire
               ,
               it
               will
               much
               conduce
               to
               the
               clear
               proof
               of
               the
               Ingredients
               and
               Principles
               of
               these
               Waters
               ,
               to
               give
               a
               good
               account
               of
               these
               which
               are
               a
               member
               of
               them
               .
            
             
             
               At
               the
               places
               now
               named
               ,
               the
               Selenites
               are
               found
               in
               a
               blew
               Loam
               over
               a
               Stone
               Quarry
               ,
               as
               I
               am
               inform'd
               by
               those
               that
               have
               brought
               me
               the
               Account
               from
               Kettering
               ;
               and
               of
               Oxfordshire
               by
               Dr.
               Plot
               :
               The
               Circumstances
               of
               which
               (
               considering
               the
               Salt
               is
               not
               volatile
               )
               do
               evince
               ,
               That
               the
               Ingredients
               of
               these
               Waters
               do
               not
               lye
               lower
               ,
               since
               these
               Stones
               are
               so
               usually
               found
               to
               have
               the
               same
               Foundation
               ,
               and
               constantly
               the
               same
               Matrix
               ;
               for
               these
               Selenites
               never
               being
               found
               the
               Index
               of
               any
               Metal
               or
               Mineral
               ,
               nor
               hard
               enough
               to
               be
               a
               Spar
               ;
               but
               being
               observ'd
               to
               agree
               universally
               in
               constant
               Materials
               ,
               which
               are
               the
               same
               with
               the
               other
               sort
               of
               my
               Waters
               that
               is
               a
               Loam
               :
               And
               the
               Mixture
               of
               a
               Lime-stone
               accounting
               for
               the
               Production
               of
               the
               Selenites
               ,
               I
               conclude
               my
               account
               genuine
               ,
               and
               clear
               of
               them
               all
               .
            
             
               The
               Selenites
               of
               these
               Wells
               is
               form'd
               near
               the
               bottom
               in
               the
               Loam
               ,
               at
               the
               Water
               ,
               as
               they
               ever
               are
               ,
               and
               the
               Spring
               small
               ;
               some
               are
               found
               of
               all
               sizes
               ,
               from
               the
               largest
               to
               so
               small
               ,
               as
               scarce
               allow
               their
               Figure
               to
               be
               observ'd
               ;
               and
               the
               Loam
               I
               found
               figur'd
               like
               the
               Stones
               ,
               and
               lying
               in
               clusters
               in
               like
               manner
               .
               The
               Figures
               of
               them
               I
               found
               much
               differing
               ,
               Those
               at
               Acton
               Rhomboid
               :
               At
               Epsam
               many
               Rhomboid
               ,
               many
               imperfect
               ones
               ,
               or
               like
               Frustula
               of
               them
               ,
               but
               most
               of
               them
               Columns
               of
               six
               sides
               only
               ,
               each
               side
               was
               a
               Parallelogram
               inequilateral
               with
               a
               Pointing
               (
               which
               is
               comprehended
               under
               as
               many
               Triangles
               )
               and
               
               their
               Commissure
               or
               Origine
               unequal
               ;
               some
               of
               them
               were
               more
               Conical
               ;
               but
               mostly
               their
               Position
               was
               ,
               as
               that
               of
               those
               found
               by
               Dr.
               Plot
               at
               Cornwell
               and
               Hanwell
               ,
               many
               being
               fix'd
               like
               Radii
               to
               one
               center
               .
            
             
               Thus
               I
               found
               them
               at
               
               Simpson's
               Well
               at
               Epsam
               ,
               with
               this
               Note
               ,
               That
               where-ever
               they
               stood
               thus
               ,
               the
               Earth
               adjoyning
               to
               it
               had
               much
               Iron
               in
               it
               ,
               Fusil
               ,
               and
               pleasantly
               Acid
               mostly
               .
            
             
               At
               Woodham-Ferrys
               some
               ●ew
               were
               Rhomboid
               ,
               but
               most
               of
               them
               at
               one
               of
               the
               Lozenge
               Figure
               ,
               and
               resembling
               the
               Rhomboid
               ,
               at
               the
               other
               round
               and
               flat
               ,
               and
               sharp
               ;
               the
               two
               larger
               opposite
               Surface
               declining
               ,
               till
               they
               meet
               at
               an
               edge
               ,
               which
               was
               Semicircular
               .
            
             
               The
               Selenites
               found
               at
               Colchester
               were
               thin
               and
               flat
               ,
               and
               bent
               a
               little
               ,
               consisted
               of
               Schiz●
               or
               Flakes
               ,
               and
               are
               of
               no
               distinguishable
               shape
               .
               I
               observe
               ,
               that
               where
               I
               could
               get
               a
               view
               of
               any
               quantity
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               cast
               out
               of
               any
               of
               these
               Wells
               ,
               there
               were
               some
               of
               them
               always
               Rhomboid
               ,
               as
               the
               more
               genuine
               Figure
               ;
               but
               others
               to
               differ
               ,
               with
               the
               Salt
               ,
               as
               I
               judged
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               to
               be
               ruled
               by
               the
               quantity
               of
               Iron
               ,
               and
               receive
               the
               Figure
               that
               Metal
               usually
               christallizes
               into
               .
            
             
               What
               the
               Selenites
               owes
               its
               origine
               to
               ,
               I
               refer
               my self
               to
               the
               Sense
               and
               Observations
               of
               Naturalists
               ,
               who
               were
               not
               unacquainted
               with
               this
               Qualification
               of
               the
               Water
               in
               which
               they
               are
               generated
               .
               That
               most
               accurate
               Learned
               
               and
               curious
               Naturalist
               Dr.
               Plot
               ,
               in
               his
               Natural
               History
               of
               Oxfordshire
               ,
               Cap.
               5.
               
               Par.
               9.
               
               Speaking
               of
               the
               Selenites
               .
               
                 
                   Georgius
                   Agricola
                
                 differs
                 from
                 them
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 it
                 a
                 product
                 of
                 Lime-stone
                 and
                 Water
                 .
                 Gignitur
                 (
                 says
                 he
                 )
                 
                   Ex
                   saxo
                   calcis
                   cum
                   paucâ
                   aquâ
                   permisto
                   .
                
                 And
                 thus
                 I
                 find
                 it
                 to
                 grow
                 here
                 with
                 us
                 at
                 Heddington
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 blew
                 Clay
                 that
                 lyes
                 over
                 the
                 Quarry
                 ,
                 whose
                 outermost
                 Crust
                 is
                 a
                 hard
                 Lime-stone
                 .
              
               For
               clearness
               sake
               ,
               this
               Stone
               may
               be
               distinguish'd
               into
               these
               four
               sorts
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               Those
               Selenites
               that
               are
               really
               Fissil
               ,
               into
               tough
               flexil
               Plates
               ,
               which
               is
               more
               properly
               the
               
                 Glacies
                 Mari●
              
               ,
               or
               
                 Lapis
                 Specularis
                 .
                 Muscovy
              
               Glass
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Those
               that
               consist
               of
               brittle
               Plates
               ,
               or
               Flakes
               ,
               which
               are
               not
               easily
               separable
               ,
               at
               least
               entire
               ;
               an
               unform'd
               sort
               of
               these
               are
               found
               in
               flat
               Plates
               not
               very
               thick
               near
               Colchester
               at
               the
               North
               end
               ,
               at
               a
               Publick-house
               half
               a
               Mile
               from
               the
               Town
               ,
               and
               in
               some
               Wells
               in
               the
               Town
               .
               The
               formed
               ones
               usually
               consist
               of
               six
               sides
               ,
               the
               breadth
               being
               more
               than
               the
               thickness
               ,
               make
               the
               two
               level
               Surfaces
               broader
               than
               the
               rest
               .
               In
               this
               they
               generally
               agree
               ,
               but
               the
               Rhomboid
               have
               their
               ends
               form'd
               in
               like
               manner
               to
               make
               that
               Figure
               ,
               so
               as
               to
               have
               ends
               and
               sides
               alike
               ;
               whereas
               those
               that
               are
               longer
               and
               narrower
               ,
               vary
               in
               the
               Figures
               that
               the
               Depressions
               at
               the
               ends
               make
               .
               Some
               are
               imperfect
               Rhomboid
               in
               one
               half
               ,
               and
               of
               an
               irregular
               Figure
               ,
               the
               other
               half
               as
               at
               
               Epsam
               ,
               &c.
               or
               thinning
               to
               an
               edge
               ,
               as
               at
               Woodham-Ferrys
               .
               All
               these
               agree
               in
               an
               uniform
               glassy
               Surface
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Rhomboid
               and
               in
               the
               Flakes
               ,
               of
               which
               it
               is
               compos'd
               ,
               resembling
               the
               other
               ;
               but
               the
               Superficies
               is
               divisible
               into
               strings
               ,
               the
               marks
               or
               lines
               of
               which
               ,
               appear
               in
               the
               Surface
               .
               Perhaps
               these
               may
               be
               formed
               only
               where
               they
               are
               produced
               at
               a
               Stone-Quarry
               ;
               for
               of
               this
               kind
               is
               that
               at
               Heddington
               in
               Oxfordshire
               ,
               and
               that
               of
               Kettering
               in
               Northamptonshire
               ,
               and
               so
               may
               be
               distinguish'd
               in
               its
               name
               as
               a
               Species
               of
               Talc
               ,
               
                 Selenites
                 Talceus
              
               .
            
             
               A
               4th
               sort
               have
               a
               Cubico-Rhomboideal
               form
               ;
               these
               are
               constantly
               Hexaedra
               ,
               of
               equal
               obliqueangular
               sides
               ,
               or
               oblique-angled
               Parallelepipeds
               ;
               are
               Fessil
               into
               thick
               Plates
               ,
               or
               indeed
               consist
               of
               Cubick
               pieces
               of
               the
               same
               Figure
               ;
               such
               as
               at
               Slindon
               in
               Staffordshire
               ,
               mention'd
               by
               the
               same
               great
               Author
               ,
               
                 Natur.
                 Hist.
                 of
                 Staff.
              
               Cap.
               5.
               
               Part
               2.
               dug
               in
               Marle
               pits
               .
               These
               are
               less
               transparent
               ,
               and
               as
               a
               Species
               of
               Gypsum
               ;
               may
               be
               called
               
                 Selenites
                 Gypseus
              
               .
            
             
               To
               the
               second
               sort
               (
               which
               I
               take
               only
               to
               be
               the
               proper
               Selenites
               )
               belong
               those
               of
               these
               Purging
               Wells
               .
               This
               distinction
               I
               think
               necessary
               to
               be
               observed
               ;
               for
               though
               I
               am
               inclinable
               to
               believe
               ,
               that
               the
               Waters
               wherein
               the
               others
               are
               found
               may
               Purge
               ,
               yet
               the
               Selenites
               ,
               as
               they
               are
               related
               to
               another
               sort
               of
               Stone
               ,
               and
               have
               some
               variety
               in
               the
               Matrix
               ,
               may
               vary
               (
               reasonably
               enough
               )
               in
               their
               Qualities
               ,
               
               as
               the
               Talceus
               being
               produced
               at
               a
               Stone-Quarry
               ,
               the
               Waters
               can
               scarce
               be
               supposed
               to
               want
               the
               Coldness
               or
               Hardness
               such
               Quarries
               are
               wont
               to
               communicate
               .
               And
               so
               of
               the
               rest
               .
            
             
               The
               Origine
               of
               the
               Salt
               of
               these
               Waters
               ,
               appears
               most
               evidently
               in
               the
               Salt
               of
               this
               Species
               ,
               or
               sort
               of
               them
               ,
               which
               I
               shall
               therefore
               inquire
               into
               ,
               by
               examining
               the
               Reason
               of
               their
               Production
               ,
               and
               compare
               with
               the
               Salt
               that
               is
               nearest
               in
               resemblance
               .
               The
               Salt
               contain'd
               in
               the
               Waters
               which
               I
               call
               Selenitical
               ,
               hath
               these
               Qualities
               or
               Properties
               peculiar
               to
               them
               ,
               To
               be
               soft
               ,
               and
               melt
               in
               the
               warmth
               of
               a
               Hand
               ;
               to
               be
               unfigur'd
               ,
               and
               ●ret
               the
               parts
               of
               Excretion
               ;
               besides
               the
               middle
               Nature
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               its
               being
               void
               of
               Corrosiveness
               ,
               which
               are
               common
               to
               the
               other
               sort
               .
               In
               its
               Softness
               and
               Fluxilness
               ,
               Nature
               and
               Manner
               of
               Production
               ,
               it
               exactly
               resembles
               the
               Salt
               ,
               that
               damp
               Cellars
               produce
               ,
               and
               is
               fix'd
               in
               the
               middle
               to
               Cobwebs
               ,
               being
               the
               steam
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               and
               more
               liquid
               part
               of
               what
               is
               extracted
               from
               it
               ,
               and
               flows
               in
               the
               moist
               Air
               there
               condens'd
               :
               And
               no
               known
               Salt
               in
               Nature
               hath
               the
               Quality
               of
               running
               in
               so
               easie
               a
               Heat
               ,
               beside
               the
               Selenitical
               ,
               but
               that
               .
               And
               as
               this
               confirms
               its
               Original
               ,
               so
               the
               Reason
               it
               further
               complies
               with
               this
               Account
               :
               For
               this
               soft
               Salt
               in
               these
               Wells
               ,
               is
               the
               flowing
               part
               of
               the
               Matter
               produced
               in
               them
               ,
               the
               more
               solid
               Particles
               ,
               and
               figurable
               ,
               being
               detain'd
               at
               
               the
               Loam
               ,
               and
               employ'd
               in
               forming
               the
               
                 Selenites
                 ▪
              
            
             
               Now
               that
               the
               Lime-stone
               which
               is
               concern'd
               in
               this
               Production
               ,
               naturally
               effects
               this
               separation
               by
               shooting
               the
               more
               dense
               parts
               ,
               is
               evident
               in
               the
               use
               of
               it
               to
               precipitate
               Metalline
               parts
               ,
               but
               more
               plainly
               in
               boiling
               Sugars
               .
               The
               slackning
               quality
               of
               this
               chalky
               or
               limy
               Salt
               ,
               I
               hinted
               before
               to
               agree
               with
               the
               Earth
               of
               these
               Wells
               ;
               and
               it
               is
               to
               be
               noted
               ,
               That
               the
               Salt
               of
               the
               Selenitical
               ,
               is
               accordingly
               more
               uniform
               ,
               not
               so
               thickning
               with
               Gall
               ,
               nor
               varying
               so
               much
               towards
               Nitres
               and
               Vitriols
               as
               the
               others
               do
               ,
               but
               nearer
               the
               Spirit
               .
               So
               I
               conclude
               the
               Salt
               of
               these
               Purging
               Waters
               ,
               of
               a
               middle
               Nature
               between
               Nitres
               and
               Vitriols
               ,
               and
               form'd
               out
               of
               the
               Loam
               ,
               by
               the
               help
               of
               a
               Vitrioline
               Juyce
               or
               liquid
               Salt
               ,
               and
               collected
               in
               moist
               Cavities
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               Tryal
               of
               the
               Stones
               .
            
             
               THE
               Stone
               which
               I
               have
               before
               describ'd
               ,
               and
               is
               common
               to
               all
               the
               Wells
               ,
               hath
               ,
               when
               broke
               ,
               the
               Loam
               hardned
               ,
               and
               is
               invested
               with
               a
               Gypsum
               ,
               or
               Trichitis
               .
            
             
               Richmond
               stone
               is
               of
               a
               light
               colour
               and
               pale
               ,
               near
               an
               Ash-colour
               ,
               not
               divided
               by
               the
               Gypsum
               ,
               but
               coated
               with
               it
               ,
               some
               Ferrugineous
               stains
               were
               in
               one
               piece
               :
               In
               the
               Air
               weigh'd
               
               two
               Ounces
               and
               50
               Grains
               ;
               on
               the
               Water
               ,
               one
               Ounce
               ,
               two
               Drams
               and
               26
               Grains
               .
            
             
               Epsam
               a
               more
               lax
               stone
               ,
               like
               a
               hardned
               clod
               ,
               incrusted
               with
               a
               grey
               chalky
               coat
               ,
               which
               Acids
               wrought
               on
               with
               Ebullition
               ,
               but
               did
               not
               slack
               in
               the
               Water
               ,
               weigh'd
               in
               the
               Air
               two
               Ounces
               and
               47
               Grains
               ;
               in
               the
               Water
               one
               Ounce
               ,
               one
               Dram
               and
               26
               Grains
               .
            
             
               Dulwich
               a
               darker
               stone
               and
               very
               hard
               as
               Flint
               ,
               and
               inclin'd
               to
               a
               greenish
               in
               the
               body
               of
               it
               ,
               in
               several
               places
               ,
               and
               the
               Cellulae
               ,
               smaller
               than
               Woodham-Ferrys
               or
               Harwich
               ,
               or
               any
               yet
               observ'd
               by
               me
               ;
               where
               not
               greenish
               ,
               it
               had
               many
               sparkles
               of
               shining
               small
               Particles
               ,
               and
               when
               beaten
               fine
               ,
               was
               whiter
               than
               any
               .
               In
               the
               Air
               two
               Ounces
               and
               47
               Grains
               ;
               in
               the
               Water
               one
               Ounce
               ,
               two
               Drams
               and
               39
               Grains
               and
               a
               half
               .
            
             
               Woodham-Ferrys
               Cells
               as
               the
               former
               but
               larger
               ,
               the
               body
               oft
               greenish
               where
               expos'd
               to
               the
               Air
               ,
               else
               Loam-like
               ,
               but
               the
               Gypsum
               seem'd
               to
               have
               penetrated
               the
               body
               of
               the
               stone
               .
               In
               the
               Air
               two
               Ounces
               and
               46
               Grains
               and
               a
               half
               ;
               in
               the
               Water
               one
               Ounce
               ,
               two
               Drams
               and
               17
               Grains
               .
            
             
               Common
               Loam
               in
               the
               Air
               weigh'd
               two
               Ounces
               and
               49
               Grains
               ;
               in
               the
               Water
               one
               Ounce
               and
               67
               Grains
               .
            
             
               Chalk
               in
               the
               Air
               two
               Ounces
               and
               47
               Grains
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Water
               one
               Ounce
               ,
               one
               Dram
               and
               one
               Scruple
               ,
               besides
               four
               or
               five
               Grains
               lost
               by
               its
               s●ackning
               .
            
             
             
               The
               Salts
               extracted
               from
               the
               Stones
               ,
               they
               all
               smelt
               Lixiviat
               in
               boyling
               .
            
             
               Richmond
               stones
               Lixivium
               with
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               ,
               took
               the
               colour
               of
               Rhenish
               or
               White-wine
               ,
               or
               near
               a
               Buff-colour
               .
            
             
               With
               Tincture
               of
               Logwood
               ,
               a
               Red
               tawnyish
               .
            
             
               Gall
               ,
               a
               faint
               Tincture
               of
               Red
               but
               clear
               .
            
             
               Turnsole
               Liquor
               ,
               sharpned
               with
               Spirit
               of
               Vitriol
               ,
               it
               brightned
               the
               Red
               a
               little
               .
            
             
               Oyl
               of
               Tartar
               
                 per
                 deliquium
              
               ,
               no
               alteration
               ,
               but
               did
               not
               readily
               mix
               .
            
             
               The
               Lye
               of
               the
               Roasted
               Richmond
               Stone
               ,
               With
               Tincture
               of
               Logwood
               ,
               brighten'd
               the
               Red
               higher
               than
               Pump-water
               .
            
             
               With
               Turnsole
               preserv'd
               the
               Red.
               
            
             
               With
               Gall
               a
               high
               Lemmon
               colour
               and
               clear
               .
            
             
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               clear
               and
               not
               colour'd
               ,
               as
               Spirit
               of
               Vitriol
               does
               .
            
             
               Oyl
               of
               Tartar
               
                 p.
                 d.
              
               thick
               large
               curdle
               .
            
             
               The
               Lye
               exceeded
               not
               Pump
               or
               common
               Water
               in
               weight
               .
            
             
               
                 Aqua
                 fortis
              
               wrought
               violently
               on
               this
               Stone
               ,
               but
               extracted
               no
               Tincture
               ,
               but
               jelly'd
               ,
               but
               not
               so
               firmly
               as
               the
               other
               ;
               no
               Precipitation
               could
               be
               obtain'd
               from
               the
               Jelly
               .
            
             
               No
               Efflorescence
               when
               mix'd
               with
               common
               Salt
               ,
               and
               expos'd
               to
               the
               Air
               some
               time
               ,
               as
               mineral
               bodies
               do
               .
            
             
               Dulwich
               raw
               stones
               Lixivium
               remain'd
               thickish
               ,
               white
               ,
               and
               of
               taste
               brackish
               ;
            
             
             
               With
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               a
               deep
               Malaga
               Sack
               colour
               ,
               and
               not
               very
               clear
               ,
               as
               Alkalys
               .
            
             
               Redded
               the
               tawny
               of
               Tincture
               of
               Logwood
               deep
               ,
               as
               Alkalys
               ,
               though
               not
               so
               purplish
               ,
               but
               near
               that
               of
               Acids
               .
            
             
               Gall
               yellow
               like
               small
               Beer
               ,
               and
               very
               thick
               ,
               did
               not
               precipitate
               ,
               though
               it
               stood
               a
               night
               ,
               the
               cloud
               gather'd
               upward
               ,
               and
               at
               bottom
               more
               clear
               ,
               like
               common
               Salt.
               Tunsole
               it
               dull'd
               as
               Alkalys
               toward
               a
               Blew
               .
            
             
               Liquid
               Salt
               of
               Tartar
               it
               curdled
               large
               and
               precipitated
               ,
               as
               
                 Sal
                 Marine
              
               :
               Upon
               the
               whole
               it
               resembled
               common
               Salt
               ,
               especially
               with
               a
               little
               of
               the
               Nature
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Gem
              
               ,
               or
               withall
               somewhat
               Allkalisat
               .
            
             
               The
               Lye
               of
               Dullwich
               Stone
               Roasted
               .
            
             
               With
               Tincture
               of
               Logwood
               a
               dull
               Ale-colour
               ,
               as
               Cellar-Salt
               and
               ●laubers
               Salt.
               
            
             
               Gall
               ,
               a
               pale
               Red
               ,
               not
               more
               cloudy
               than
               the
               Lye.
               
            
             
               Liquid
               Salt
               of
               Tartar
               a
               thick
               curdle
               .
            
             
               Syrup
               of
               Clove
               Gilliflowers
               took
               away
               the
               Red
               ,
               and
               rendred
               it
               durty
               and
               dark
               ,
               as
               Alkalys
               effect
               .
            
             
               With
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               a
               pale
               yellow
               and
               clear
               ,
               which
               grew
               thicker
               upon
               standing
               six
               or
               eight
               hours
               ,
               like
               Spirit
               of
               Salt.
               
            
             
               Solution
               of
               Sublimate
               ,
               no
               alteration
               as
               Vitriols
               .
            
             
               About
               six
               Drams
               with
               an
               Ounce
               and
               half
               of
               
                 Aqua
                 fortis
              
               ,
               made
               considerable
               Effervescence
               ,
               
               and
               thickned
               in
               two
               or
               three
               hours
               to
               a
               Jelly
               ,
               of
               a
               grey
               dirty
               colour
               ,
               the
               powder
               of
               the
               Stone
               not
               settling
               to
               the
               bottom
               .
               
                 Aqua
                 fortis
              
               on
               Chalk
               wrought
               thickned
               a
               little
               ,
               but
               not
               Jelly'd
               ;
               on
               common
               Loam
               did
               not
               work
               .
               Brick
               Earth
               only
               a
               small
               Effervescence
               ;
               
                 Cimolia
                 purpurascens
              
               alter'd
               not
               .
               I
               essay'd
               Tinore
               ,
               Cellar-Salt
               ,
               and
               
                 Lapis
                 Calaminaris
              
               ,
               which
               last
               communicated
               only
               a
               dry
               ●aste
               more
               Corrosive
               .
            
             
               Half
               the
               Jelly
               dissolved
               in
               a
               great
               quantity
               of
               fair
               Water
               ,
               precipitated
               not
               any
               heavy
               Powder
               ,
               the
               dirt
               flying
               about
               in
               it
               light
               .
               The
               other
               half
               distill'd
               ,
               sent
               over
               a
               Liquor
               near
               the
               scent
               of
               Spirit
               of
               Salt
               ,
               but
               no
               Butter
               .
            
             
               The
               Earth
               expos'd
               to
               the
               Air
               ,
               had
               no
               Efflorescence
               .
            
             
               Dullwich
               stone
               melted
               with
               Glass
               ,
               did
               not
               tinge
               the
               Glass
               ,
               but
               penetrated
               the
               Vessel
               it
               was
               melted
               in
               ,
               which
               was
               of
               Tobacco-pipe
               Clay
               ,
               which
               broke
               smooth
               like
               China
               ;
               an
               effect
               which
               the
               other
               stones
               ,
               melted
               at
               the
               same
               time
               ,
               had
               not
               .
            
             
               Woodh●m-Ferrys
               stones
               Lixivium
               tasted
               sweetish
               ;
               Redded
               Tincture
               of
               Logwood
               near
               a
               Claret
               ,
               but
               deeper
               and
               darker
               :
               With
               Gall
               whitish
               and
               turbid
               as
               Nit●es
               (
               Note
               ▪
               that
               this
               was
               made
               of
               the
               burnt
               stone
               )
               but
               with
               some
               Gall
               flying
               in
               it
               and
               curdled
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               effect
               of
               Sal●petre
               .
            
             
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               it
               took
               a
               clear
               Tincture
               from
               ,
               and
               of
               a
               Canary
               colour
               .
            
             
             
               The
               stone
               wash'd
               ,
               Jelly'd
               in
               
                 Aqua
                 fortis
              
               ,
               from
               which
               nothing
               could
               be
               separated
               by
               Sublimation
               or
               Precipitation
               ;
               no
               Efflorescence
               upon
               the
               exposing
               it
               to
               the
               Air
               ,
               nor
               was
               any
               Metalline
               Tincture
               discover'd
               by
               Fusion
               with
               Glass
               .
            
             
               Epsam
               stones
               Lixivium
               with
               Oyl
               of
               Tartar
               
                 per
                 deliquium
              
               grew
               white
               and
               thick
               ,
               with
               Gall
               a
               fine
               and
               clear
               Yellow
               .
            
             
               With
               Tincture
               of
               Logwood
               a
               dull
               pale
               Tawny
               .
            
             
               It
               slack'd
               not
               in
               Water
               ,
               it
               jelly'd
               not
               in
               
                 Aqua
                 fortis
              
               ,
               the
               Powder
               remaining
               heavy
               and
               close
               at
               the
               bottom
               .
            
             
               I
               boyl'd
               some
               of
               the
               Stain
               in
               Lye
               ,
               and
               in
               Water
               sharpen'd
               with
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               ,
               I
               infus'd
               some
               ,
               but
               from
               neither
               could
               make
               any
               discovery
               by
               Colour
               or
               Precipitation
               .
               So
               now
               I
               come
               to
               the
               Essays
               of
               the
               Waters
               ,
               and
               Nature
               of
               the
               Salts
               therein
               contain'd
               .
            
          
           
             
               Selenitical
               Waters
               .
            
             
               Ebbisham
               commonly
               Epsam
               Water
               in
               SURRY
               .
            
             
               EPsam
               Water
               was
               the
               first
               of
               the
               Purging
               kind
               discover'd
               in
               England
               ,
               viz.
               1630
               ,
               or
               soon
               after
               .
               The
               Hill
               is
               a
               Clay
               of
               a
               brown
               
               colour
               and
               reddish
               ;
               and
               where
               the
               Wells
               are
               more
               grey
               .
            
             
               The
               Well
               is
               about
               twelve
               foot
               deep
               ;
               the
               Earth
               where
               the
               Spring
               is
               ,
               afforded
               the
               Selenites
               plentifully
               ,
               at
               a
               private
               Well
               they
               were
               Columns
               ,
               the
               sides
               and
               superficies
               of
               which
               were
               inequilateral
               Parallelograms
               posited
               with
               their
               edges
               downward
               ,
               and
               their
               ends
               meeting
               in
               the
               centre
               :
               In
               a
               Well
               a
               few
               feet
               distant
               ,
               and
               at
               the
               publick
               Well
               ,
               they
               were
               Rhomboid
               .
               At
               both
               ends
               of
               the
               Town
               is
               Ch●lk
               dug
               ,
               and
               the
               Hill
               here
               and
               there
               hath
               veins
               of
               blew
               Loam
               .
               Of
               the
               private
               Well
               which
               was
               newly
               sunk
               ,
               I
               inform'd
               my self
               by
               examining
               the
               Earth
               cast
               out
               of
               it
               ,
               which
               I
               receiv'd
               of
               the
               Owner
               Mr.
               Symonds
               ,
               together
               with
               this
               Account
               .
            
             
               The
               upper
               Earth
               ,
               for
               two
               Spit
               deep
               ,
               was
               the
               same
               ;
               then
               they
               came
               to
               a
               harder
               and
               Loamy
               ,
               which
               lasted
               about
               seven
               feet
               ;
               then
               to
               a
               looser
               ,
               which
               sparkled
               with
               small
               Selenites
               ,
               as
               at
               the
               publick
               Well
               ;
               this
               held
               for
               two
               feet
               ,
               where
               they
               came
               at
               the
               Stones
               and
               Water
               together
               :
               The
               Water
               in
               Summer-time
               flow'd
               in
               at
               the
               rate
               of
               an
               Ale-barrel
               in
               24
               hours
               .
               Below
               the
               Selenites
               they
               came
               at
               a
               dead
               heavy
               Earth
               and
               black
               ,
               partaking
               of
               Iron
               ,
               under
               which
               was
               the
               common
               dead
               Loam
               ,
               or
               Cortex
               of
               the
               Mineral
               Region
               :
               And
               though
               they
               dug
               three
               or
               four
               feet
               deeper
               ,
               yet
               neither
               was
               Water
               or
               the
               former
               signs
               found
               .
               As
               the
               Selenites
               had
               somewhat
               of
               
               the
               shape
               of
               Vitriol
               of
               Iron
               ,
               so
               where
               they
               lay
               ,
               were
               veins
               of
               Iron
               and
               colour'd
               Earth
               ;
               the
               Iron
               was
               pure
               ,
               and
               obey'd
               the
               Load-stone
               ;
               the
               Earth
               ,
               which
               was
               either
               of
               a
               Brimstone
               colour
               ,
               or
               that
               of
               Iron
               rust
               ;
               I
               prov'd
               by
               washing
               to
               be
               the
               same
               ,
               only
               joyn'd
               by
               an
               Acid
               Juyce
               like
               Spirit
               of
               Vitriol
               ,
               which
               in
               the
               yellow
               had
               no
               taste
               of
               the
               Iron
               ,
               but
               a
               distinct
               pleasant
               Acid
               ;
               which
               with
               the
               Jellying
               of
               some
               parts
               of
               the
               Earth
               in
               
                 Aqua
                 fortis
              
               ,
               especially
               of
               the
               whiter
               part
               of
               it
               where
               the
               Selenites
               lay
               ,
               is
               what
               I
               observed
               there
               .
               I
               shall
               not
               therefore
               repeat
               my
               Tryals
               of
               the
               Earths
               ,
               which
               were
               fruitless
               .
            
             
               The
               Water
               is
               moderately
               clear
               ,
               of
               Taste
               bitter
               ,
               together
               with
               a
               muakish
               Saltishness
               ,
               not
               manifestly
               Lixiviat
               ,
               but
               a
               little
               of
               the
               taste
               of
               the
               second
               Salt
               of
               Salt
               Marine
               ,
               and
               of
               that
               Cellar
               Salt
               that
               is
               gather'd
               by
               things
               hanging
               in
               the
               middle
               of
               Cellars
               ,
               and
               not
               what
               fixes
               to
               the
               Walls
               .
            
             
               Epsam
               Water
               precipitated
               not
               Vitriol
               dissolv'd
               in
               it
               ,
               but
               promoted
               its
               atramentous
               Quality
               ,
               as
               doth
               the
               Salt
               ,
               not
               precipitating
               the
               Colour
               ,
               as
               Salt
               of
               Lime
               or
               Chalk
               ,
               nor
               turning
               it
               red
               ,
               as
               some
               others
               ,
               particularly
               Salt
               of
               Cellars
               .
               Notwithstanding
               this
               ,
               it
               agreed
               with
               that
               sort
               of
               Alkaly
               particularly
               which
               is
               calcarious
               ,
               in
               that
               it
               restor'd
               the
               blew
               of
               Tincture
               of
               Turnsole
               sharpen'd
               ;
               it
               took
               a
               Purple
               with
               a
               Tincture
               of
               Logwood
               in
               common
               Water
               lively
               and
               full
               ,
               not
               dull
               red
               a
               little
               
               purplish
               and
               dusky
               as
               Salt
               of
               Tartar
               made
               with
               Saltpetre
               ,
               and
               Alkalys
               produce
               ;
               nor
               tawny
               as
               Salt
               of
               Cellars
               .
               Further
               ,
               as
               Salt
               of
               Chalk
               ,
               it
               troubled
               a
               Solution
               of
               Sublimat
               in
               fair
               Water
               ,
               and
               sent
               down
               a
               white
               precipitate
               ,
               which
               Alum
               doth
               not
               .
               With
               Syrup
               of
               Violets
               a
               Grass-green
               ,
               as
               the
               same
               Salt.
               Yet
               it
               peculiarly
               differ'd
               from
               the
               Salt
               of
               Chalk
               ,
               and
               all
               grosser
               Salts
               ,
               in
               taking
               a
               high
               Yellow
               ,
               and
               clear
               Tincture
               from
               Gall
               ,
               which
               is
               peculiar
               to
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               ,
               it
               being
               not
               of
               the
               Nature
               of
               Saltpetre
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               only
               Salt
               that
               takes
               a
               pale
               but
               clear
               Tincture
               .
               With
               Syrup
               of
               Cloves
               it
               became
               dark
               ●ooty
               and
               greenish
               ,
               as
               do
               Alkalys
               and
               Fuligo
               of
               Vitriol
               ,
               that
               adheres
               to
               places
               where
               the
               Fume
               of
               boyl'd
               Coporas
               comes
               .
            
             
               ☞
               The
               peculiar
               Nature
               of
               the
               Salt
               of
               this
               Water
               is
               ,
               to
               be
               Calcarious
               ,
               yet
               agreeing
               with
               Vitriols
               ,
               and
               particularly
               to
               resemble
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               ,
               rather
               than
               Nitre
               it self
               ;
               yet
               to
               resemble
               the
               Salt
               of
               Chalk
               ,
               in
               precipitating
               a
               Solution
               of
               Sublimate
               ,
               which
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               will
               not
               .
            
             
               The
               Acidity
               that
               came
               over
               in
               Distilling
               ,
               was
               little
               and
               pleasant
               .
            
             
               The
               Salt
               Grey
               near
               a
               White
               ,
               and
               unfigur'd
               ,
               or
               uncapable
               of
               Christallization
               ,
               but
               soft
               like
               Barbadoes
               or
               Lisbon
               Sugar
               .
               It
               did
               not
               cast
               up
               a
               Scum
               till
               it
               was
               near
               boyled
               up
               ,
               and
               the
               Salt
               precipitated
               in
               boyling
               .
               This
               Salt
               was
               wrought
               on
               by
               Acids
               ,
               yet
               it
               coagulated
               Salt
               of
               Tartar
               
               rendred
               Liquid
               ,
               called
               
                 Ol.
                 Tartari
                 per
                 diliq
              
               .
               it
               did
               not
               inflame
               with
               Sulphur
               ,
               but
               blister'd
               on
               a
               hot
               Iron
               ,
               and
               was
               not
               Caustick
               either
               burnt
               or
               unburnt
               .
               The
               Earth
               of
               this
               Salt
               was
               white
               ,
               and
               dissolv'd
               in
               part
               in
               distill'd
               Vinegar
               ,
               and
               was
               about
               an
               eighth
               of
               the
               Salt.
               The
               Salt
               of
               the
               Water
               which
               is
               said
               to
               amount
               in
               some
               dry
               Seasons
               to
               the
               proportion
               of
               seven
               Drams
               in
               a
               Gallon
               ,
               scarce
               then
               exceeded
               the
               half
               of
               that
               quantity
               after
               a
               wet
               one
               ,
               when
               I
               had
               it
               ,
               indeed
               not
               so
               much
               .
               The
               Salt
               purged
               pleasantly
               in
               the
               quantity
               of
               half
               an
               Ounce
               as
               I
               try'd
               it
               ,
               but
               it
               seems
               to
               require
               a
               very
               gentle
               Evaporation
               to
               the
               due
               Preparation
               of
               it
               ,
               that
               Acidity
               of
               Alkalisatness
               may
               be
               preserved
               entire
               .
               This
               Salt
               dissolv'd
               in
               some
               of
               its
               own
               Water
               ,
               deepned
               the
               yellow
               colour
               of
               Galls
               to
               a
               Pink
               ,
               and
               at
               last
               to
               a
               Red
               or
               very
               near
               ,
               as
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               does
               upon
               long
               Infusion
               ,
               but
               thickish
               as
               embody'd
               Salts
               .
               I
               saw
               some
               Salt
               boyl'd
               up
               in
               Copper
               ,
               without
               any
               Verdigrease
               Tincture
               ,
               so
               mild
               is
               the
               Acid.
               
            
          
           
             
               Acton
               Water
               in
               Middlesex
               .
            
             
               THE
               Earth
               of
               this
               Well
               afforded
               Rhomboid
               Tale
               ,
               as
               a
               Gentleman
               that
               liv'd
               at
               the
               place
               ,
               and
               inform'd
               me
               ,
               express'd
               it
               :
               Much
               Nitrous
               Efflorescence
               appears
               in
               the
               Clay
               about
               the
               Well
               .
            
             
             
               The
               Spring
               opens
               Northerly
               ;
               is
               reputed
               one
               of
               the
               strongest
               Purgers
               about
               London
               :
               It
               is
               noted
               to
               occasion
               a
               great
               Soreness
               of
               the
               Intestine
               and
               Fundament
               ,
               which
               is
               reasonably
               refer'd
               to
               the
               quantity
               of
               Salt
               they
               wash
               from
               the
               Body
               ,
               but
               the
               Penetration
               of
               the
               Salt
               of
               the
               Water
               ,
               may
               make
               it
               more
               pungent
               and
               keen
               .
               The
               Water
               was
               whitish
               ,
               not
               so
               clear
               as
               Epsam
               ,
               not
               saltish
               ,
               but
               rather
               to
               me
               seem'd
               sweet
               ,
               with
               a
               little
               of
               the
               Bitterness
               of
               Epsam
               :
               It
               curdled
               with
               Soap
               ,
               as
               do
               all
               .
            
             
               The
               Salt
               of
               this
               Water
               is
               soft
               ,
               and
               not
               christalliz'd
               ,
               wherein
               it
               agrees
               with
               Epsam
               Salt
               ,
               though
               I
               thought
               scarce
               so
               soft
               .
               The
               distinct
               Nature
               of
               this
               Water
               ,
               or
               Salt
               of
               this
               Water
               ,
               consists
               in
               ,
               that
               this
               Salt
               is
               more
               Calcarious
               ,
               or
               of
               the
               Nature
               of
               Salt
               of
               Lime
               ,
               for
               the
               Water
               ,
               boyl'd
               high
               ,
               disturb'd
               a
               Solution
               of
               Sublimate
               in
               fair
               Water
               ,
               whence
               it
               precipitated
               a
               yellowish
               Sediment
               ,
               a
               little
               more
               yellow
               than
               the
               Water
               ,
               which
               it
               left
               white
               .
               And
               this
               Salt
               is
               likewise
               more
               Nitrous
               ,
               or
               hath
               more
               of
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               Salt
               of
               the
               upper
               Soyle
               ,
               as
               appears
               ,
               in
               that
               it
               takes
               a
               pale
               Yellow
               from
               Gall
               ,
               but
               dusky
               and
               disturb'd
               ,
               as
               common
               Salt
               doth
               effect
               ;
               not
               so
               dirty
               ,
               nor
               so
               apt
               to
               precipitate
               ,
               as
               
                 Sal
                 Calcarium
              
               .
               With
               Syrup
               of
               Violets
               it
               took
               a
               Green
               ,
               with
               Tincture
               of
               Logwood
               made
               with
               Brandy
               a
               deep
               Red
               and
               purplish
               ,
               as
               Nitrous
               Salts
               do
               with
               cold
               Tincture
               of
               Logwood
               ,
               which
               hot
               would
               give
               a
               full
               Purple
               .
               The
               Salt
               
               did
               not
               precipitate
               fine
               Silver
               out
               of
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               ,
               which
               common
               Salt
               would
               .
               A
               Pint
               and
               half
               of
               the
               Water
               yielded
               forty
               eight
               Grains
               of
               Salt
               ,
               in
               which
               was
               six
               Grains
               and
               a
               half
               of
               reddish
               Earth
               ,
               on
               which
               Acid
               Spirits
               wrought
               .
               The
               Earth
               precipitated
               in
               Boyling
               .
            
          
           
             
               Colchester
               Water
               from
               the
               North
               end
               in
               ESSEX
               .
            
             
               THE
               Water
               boyl'd
               Meat
               without
               discolouring
               the
               Flesh
               ,
               which
               it
               rather
               whiten'd
               .
               The
               Water
               was
               much
               the
               same
               with
               Acton
               ,
               giving
               with
               Tincture
               of
               Logwood
               a
               purplish
               Red
               a
               little
               Tawny
               ;
               and
               with
               Gall
               a
               clear
               Yellow
               and
               pale
               ,
               but
               in
               half
               an
               hour
               grew
               turbid
               ,
               with
               a
               whitish
               Cloud
               :
               But
               with
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               it
               became
               a
               little
               darkish
               but
               clear
               ,
               a
               little
               toward
               what
               Spirit
               of
               Vitriol
               does
               .
            
             
               
                 Woodham
                 Ferrys
              
               in
               Essex
               ,
               being
               a
               Chalybeat
               ,
               is
               reserv'd
               to
               that
               Class
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               Water
               at
               〈◊〉
               .
            
             
               THis
               Water
               clai●s
               the
               princip●l
               Place
               ,
               being
               made
               Illustrious
               〈…〉
               ,
               in
               which
               His
               Majesty
               hath
               〈…〉
               his
               Mansion
               Palace
               .
               The
               〈…〉
               at
               this
               Well
               ,
               hath
               much
               the
               〈…〉
               cluster'd
               Columns
               form'd
               at
               〈…〉
               this
               difference
               ,
               that
               this
               at
               Kensington
               is
               depress'd
               and
               flat
               on
               one
               side
               ,
               as
               they
               are
               prominent
               on
               the
               other
               ;
               and
               at
               the
               base
               or
               flat
               side
               are
               more
               truly
               separable
               than
               the
               S●●●nites
               of
               these
               Waters
               usually
               are
               ,
               and
               so
               nearer
               resemble
               the
               ●uscovy
               Glass
               .
               The
               Pyrites
               which
               I
               received
               from
               this
               Well
               was
               very
               hard
               ,
               of
               a
               greenish
               Gray
               or
               Hazel
               colour
               ;
               and
               〈◊〉
               it
               differ'd
               from
               all
               in
               wanting
               the
               crust
               of
               Gypsum
               or
               Trichitis
               ,
               so
               upon
               infusion
               of
               Aqua●ortis
               it
               did
               not
               coagulate
               into
               a
               Jelly
               ,
               but
               yet
               after
               the
               working
               of
               the
               
                 Aqua
                 fortis
              
               ,
               which
               was
               very
               violent
               ,
               the
               Powder
               settled
               not
               ,
               but
               remain'd
               of
               a
               yellow
               or
               Iron
               rust
               colour
               ,
               Fl●ing
               or
               turbid
               ,
               though
               it
               stood
               some
               days
               :
               The
               Mineral
               Matter
               therefore
               being
               re●●iv'd
               ,
               or
               taken
               up
               by
               the
               〈…〉
               with
               fair
               Water
               ,
               and
               〈…〉
               ,
               and
               not
               much
               〈…〉
               ●●rrosive
               Acidity
               .
            
             
               This
               Liq●or
               which
               remain'd
               〈…〉
               the
               Settlement
               of
               the
               Powder
               or
               Dust
               ,
               upon
               further
               Diluting
               sent
               down
               no
               Mineral
               parts
               ,
               
               but
               upon
               mixing
               a
               little
               powder'd
               Gall
               ,
               turn'd
               immediately
               of
               a
               blew
               Black
               ,
               as
               is
               the
               Property
               of
               Iron
               to
               produce
               .
               Distill'd
               Vinegar
               on
               this
               Stone
               made
               no
               Effervescence
               ,
               yet
               extracted
               the
               Chalybeat
               parts
               ,
               as
               appear'd
               in
               the
               Taste
               .
               The
               weight
               of
               this
               Stone
               was
               one
               Ounce
               and
               one
               Grain
               in
               the
               Air
               ,
               and
               just
               six
               Drams
               in
               the
               Water
               ,
               which
               was
               the
               weight
               of
               the
               piece
               which
               I
               had
               .
            
             
               The
               Water
               was
               clearer
               than
               these
               usually
               are
               ,
               and
               less
               bitter
               than
               Epsam
               ,
               but
               of
               a
               more
               manifestly
               Saline
               Taste
               .
               In
               the
               Quantity
               of
               nine
               Ounces
               and
               five
               Drams
               ,
               and
               48
               Grains
               ,
               it
               outweigh'd
               common
               Water
               37
               Grains
               .
               It
               s
               Alkalisate
               Nature
               appear'd
               ,
               in
               giving
               a
               Red
               in●lin'd
               to
               a
               Purple
               with
               Tincture
               of
               Logw●●●
               in
               that
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               did
               not
               disturb
               it
               ,
               in
               that
               it
               troubled
               and
               rendred
               Milky
               a
               Solution
               of
               Sublimate
               in
               fair
               Water
               ,
               and
               sent
               down
               a
               white
               Precipitate
               as
               Salt
               of
               Chalk
               doth
               ,
               and
               in
               giving
               the
               same
               Green
               with
               Syrup
               of
               Violets
               .
               It
               became
               dark
               and
               sooty
               with
               Syrup
               of
               Cloves
               as
               Alkalys
               ,
               yet
               not
               so
               much
               Alkalisate
               as
               to
               turn
               greenish
               ,
               nor
               indeed
               to
               lose
               all
               the
               Red.
               It
               had
               an
               Acidity
               ,
               in
               that
               it
               curdled
               Spirit
               of
               Harts-horn
               ,
               and
               the
               same
               it
               produced
               with
               the
               Lixivium
               of
               Salt
               of
               Plants
               .
               With
               Gall
               it
               became
               thick
               and
               white
               ,
               as
               the
               Salts
               of
               Earths
               that
               are
               not
               perfectly
               Nitrous
               ,
               but
               of
               a
               mix'd
               Nature
               ,
               or
               where
               the
               Acid
               and
               Salt
               disturb
               each
               other
               or
               oppose
               ,
               Earths
               ,
               as
               they
               approach
               to
               Nitres
               ,
               or
               
               are
               more
               Alkalisate
               ,
               darken
               this
               white
               .
               With
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               it
               took
               a
               deep
               Yellow
               ,
               or
               Orange
               ,
               and
               clear
               as
               Alkalys
               produce
               .
               With
               Iron
               and
               Gall
               it
               took
               a
               reddish
               Black
               and
               rusty
               ,
               as
               Alkalys
               ,
               and
               not
               apt
               to
               hold
               it
               without
               Precipitation
               .
            
             
               I
               found
               in
               two
               Quarts
               about
               40
               Grains
               of
               Earth
               ,
               light
               ,
               leafy
               and
               gray
               ,
               which
               Distill'd
               Vinegar
               wrought
               on
               .
               The
               Salt
               was
               soft
               and
               unfigur'd
               mostly
               ,
               but
               had
               some
               Stiriae
               form'd
               in
               it
               ,
               flat
               and
               not
               pointed
               ,
               at
               least
               most
               of
               them
               .
            
             
               This
               Salt
               melted
               not
               easily
               as
               Epsam
               Salt
               ,
               but
               bore
               a
               good
               Heat
               ,
               and
               had
               a
               much
               greater
               quantity
               of
               Earth
               in
               it
               ,
               the
               hardness
               of
               which
               was
               felt
               on
               the
               Tongue
               in
               tasting
               the
               Salt.
               Much
               Earth
               precipitated
               in
               boyling
               as
               others
               ,
               but
               it
               bore
               not
               readily
               a
               Scum
               ,
               till
               near
               boyl'd
               up
               ,
               at
               least
               as
               in
               making
               other
               Salt
               ,
               till
               the
               falling
               of
               the
               Salt.
               
            
             
               I
               judged
               this
               Salt
               of
               the
               Nature
               of
               an
               Alkaly
               ,
               and
               of
               kin
               to
               Epsam
               ,
               but
               yet
               to
               differ
               ,
               being
               not
               so
               resembling
               the
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               ,
               in
               the
               Tryal
               with
               Gall
               ;
               and
               accordingly
               that
               Water
               increas'd
               Ink-making
               without
               turning
               it
               Red
               ;
               so
               that
               this
               seems
               more
               related
               to
               the
               gross
               or
               embody'd
               Salt
               ,
               which
               accordingly
               makes
               it
               disturb
               a
               Solution
               of
               Gall.
               
            
             
               This
               Water
               differs
               from
               the
               rest
               ,
               in
               that
               it
               troubles
               but
               very
               little
               a
               Solution
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Saturni
              
               in
               common
               Water
               ,
               in
               which
               it
               resembles
               more
               Saltpetres
               ,
               which
               doth
               not
               disturb
               
               it
               at
               all
               .
               The
               Salt
               of
               the
               Water
               did
               trouble
               a
               Solution
               of
               fine
               Silver
               in
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               ,
               which
               in
               a
               long
               time
               precipitated
               ,
               the
               Precipitation
               was
               neither
               so
               quick
               ,
               nor
               so
               full
               ,
               nor
               in
               so
               large
               Curdles
               as
               common
               Sea-salt
               or
               Rock-salt
               doth
               it
               .
            
          
           
             
               Puring
               Waters
               in
               an
               even
               Loamy
               Clay
               ,
               more
               Simple
               and
               not
               variegated
               .
            
             
               Richmond
               Water
               in
               SURRY
               .
            
             
               THis
               Water
               is
               a
               level
               Spring
               ;
               the
               Wells
               are
               on
               the
               side
               of
               the
               Hill
               a
               few
               Rod
               from
               the
               River
               Thames
               ,
               in
               a
               brown
               leamy
               Clay
               ,
               which
               are
               about
               nine
               feet
               deep
               to
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Water
               ,
               as
               the
               Digger
               inform'd
               me
               there
               .
               There
               is
               a
               Tile-Kill
               adjoyning
               to
               the
               Ground
               where
               the
               Wells
               are
               .
               This
               Water
               was
               first
               discover'd
               about
               1686
               ,
               the
               account
               that
               the
               Possessor
               of
               one
               of
               the
               Wells
               ,
               Mr.
               Brown
               ,
               gave
               me
               ,
               was
               ,
               that
               the
               Earth
               was
               an
               even
               Loamy
               Clay
               ,
               that
               the
               Water
               issued
               into
               the
               Well
               from
               the
               side
               ,
               among
               the
               Stones
               ,
               whereof
               I
               brought
               away
               as
               many
               pieces
               as
               I
               could
               dispose
               of
               .
               No
               Selenites
               found
               here
               .
               The
               Loam
               and
               Clay
               about
               the
               Well●
               had
               a
               Nitrous
               Efflorescence
               ;
               the
               Earth
               above
               ,
               and
               about
               Richmond
               ,
               a
               Gravel
               .
            
             
             
               This
               Water
               purgeth
               well
               ,
               but
               I
               think
               scarce
               so
               much
               as
               Epsam
               and
               Acton
               ,
               but
               more
               smoothly
               .
               The
               Water
               is
               smooth
               on
               the
               Tongue
               ,
               scarce
               any
               appearance
               of
               bitterness
               ,
               salutes
               the
               Palat
               with
               the
               taste
               of
               common
               Water
               ,
               but
               leaves
               a
               farewel
               a
               little
               nauseous
               and
               sharp
               .
            
             
               The
               Water
               curdled
               Milk
               ,
               but
               not
               so
               hard
               or
               strong
               as
               others
               ;
               with
               Syrup
               of
               Violets
               a
               mild
               Green
               ,
               not
               so
               deep
               as
               Vitriols
               make
               ;
               it
               resembled
               common
               Salt
               or
               a
               Vitrioline
               ,
               in
               that
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               drop'd
               into
               it
               ,
               made
               no
               Alteration
               ,
               though
               the
               Water
               was
               boyl'd
               half
               away
               :
               Spirit
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Armoniack
              
               rendred
               it
               thick
               ,
               white
               and
               curdled
               ,
               and
               sent
               down
               a
               large
               Precipitate
               .
               Spirit
               of
               Harts-horn
               made
               a
               small
               Curdle
               and
               Precipitate
               .
               Spirit
               of
               Salt
               no
               Alteration
               .
               With
               Galls
               it
               grew
               immediately
               turbid
               ,
               white
               and
               thick
               ,
               not
               Milk-white
               ,
               like
               what
               Salt
               of
               Hungarian
               Vitriol
               produceth
               ,
               not
               dark
               as
               Alkalys
               ,
               not
               coloured
               as
               common
               Salt
               ,
               not
               clear
               as
               Saltpetre
               ,
               nor
               reddish
               as
               Chalk
               ,
               nor
               dark
               ,
               and
               ready
               to
               precipitate
               the
               Colour
               as
               Spirit
               of
               Vitriol
               .
               The
               Water
               standing
               a
               while
               on
               pieces
               of
               Iron
               ,
               with
               Gall
               ,
               chang'd
               dark
               with
               a
               reddish
               cast
               ,
               as
               Alkalys
               render
               Ink
               In
               both
               these
               it
               resembled
               Salt
               of
               Cellars●
               yet
               differ'd
               in
               giving
               a
               wan
               dusky
               Red
               with
               〈◊〉
               of
               Clove
               Gilly
               flowers
               as
               common
               Salt
               ,
               and
               ●●●ding
               Tincture
               of
               Logwood
               ●s
               Acids
               .
            
             
               ☞
               The
               Salt
               of
               this
               ,
               Water
               hence
               appears
               to
               be
               Acid
               ,
               of
               a
               Vitrioline
               Nature
               ,
               yet
               to
               be
               a
               little
               Alkalisate
               or
               Nitrous
               ,
               ●ot
               so
               deeply
               
               as
               Alkalys
               ,
               but
               resembling
               the
               Salt
               embodying
               Vitriols
               ,
               or
               the
               uniting
               of
               Vitrioline
               Salt
               with
               the
               Salt
               of
               common
               Earth
               ,
               and
               which
               our
               common
               Water
               contains
               .
            
             
               Richmond
               Water
               distill'd
               in
               a
               Glass
               retort
               ,
               yielded
               a
               Water
               which
               was
               Acid
               enough
               to
               redden
               a
               little
               the
               colour
               of
               Syrup
               of
               Violets
               ,
               and
               to
               give
               a
               faint
               Red
               with
               Tincture
               of
               Logwood
               ,
               but
               took
               no
               Quality
               from
               Iron
               ;
               and
               it
               was
               very
               light
               in
               weight
               ,
               equal
               to
               Tunbridge
               and
               the
               light
               Chalybeats
               .
            
             
               The
               Salt
               was
               gray
               and
               figur'd
               like
               the
               Bacilli
               of
               Nitre
               ,
               flat
               and
               long
               ,
               and
               many
               of
               the
               S●iriae
               were
               pointed
               like
               Needles
               ,
               some
               Prisms
               ,
               some
               Camellae
               ;
               it
               melted
               not
               easily
               ,
               yet
               I
               thought
               sooner
               than
               Vitriols
               .
               It
               chang'd
               not
               the
               colour
               of
               Salt
               of
               Tartar
               ,
               but
               curdled
               its
               Deliquium
               ;
               inflamed
               not
               with
               Sulphur
               .
               The
               Earth
               was
               smaller
               than
               in
               most
               Waters
               ,
               was
               gray
               ,
               and
               Acid
               Spirits
               as
               of
               Salt
               ;
               
                 Aqua
                 fortis
              
               and
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               would
               not
               touch
               it
               :
               It
               alter'd
               not
               in
               the
               Fire
               ,
               but
               made
               a
               small
               Decrepitation
               or
               Spitting
               ,
               I
               judged
               a
               little
               more
               than
               Allum
               .
               The
               Salt
               of
               this
               Water
               did
               not
               disturb
               nor
               change
               the
               colour
               of
               Sublimate
               Water
               ,
               which
               Alkalys
               and
               Salt
               of
               Cellars
               does
               .
               It
               was
               a
               little
               sweetish
               ,
               and
               not
               cold
               as
               Saltpetre
               is
               .
            
             
               The
               Stone
               found
               in
               this
               Well
               resembled
               Loam
               :
               The
               Loam
               cast
               up
               for
               Tiles
               in
               the
               Ground
               joyning
               to
               this
               Well
               ,
               had
               a
               Nitrous
               Efflorescence
               .
            
             
             
               The
               Stone
               had
               a
               Tincture
               of
               Iron
               .
               The
               Tile-earth
               in
               the
               Ground
               adjoyning
               ,
               I
               infus'd
               in
               warm
               Water
               sharpned
               with
               Oyl
               of
               Vitriol
               .
               This
               Water
               gave
               a
               Green
               with
               Syrup
               of
               Violets
               ,
               and
               with
               Tincture
               of
               Logwood
               a
               sooty
               dusky
               colour
               a
               little
               reddish
               .
            
          
           
             
               Dullwich
               Water
            
             
               HAS
               its
               name
               from
               the
               Town
               near
               it
               ,
               but
               the
               Wells
               are
               in
               Lewisham
               Parish
               in
               Kent
               :
               The
               Wells
               are
               in
               the
               foot
               of
               a
               Hill
               ,
               about
               twelve
               in
               number
               :
               The
               Hill
               and
               Ground
               adjoyning
               ,
               is
               a
               stiff
               Clay
               with
               some
               Wood
               upon
               it
               :
               These
               are
               next
               in
               Antiquity
               to
               Epsam
               ,
               being
               discover'd
               about
               the
               Year
               1640
               ;
               The
               Hole
               dug
               is
               about
               nine
               feet
               deep
               as
               I
               judg'd
               ,
               and
               the
               Water
               about
               half
               a
               Yard
               deep
               ,
               being
               usually
               emptied
               every
               day
               :
               The
               bottom
               is
               a
               Loam
               as
               is
               the
               Hill
               ;
               and
               where
               the
               Water
               issues
               in
               ,
               is
               found
               the
               
                 Lapis
                 Lutoso-Vitriolicus
              
               ,
               which
               glitters
               with
               Vitriolick
               sparkles
               ,
               and
               is
               divided
               into
               Parcels
               by
               the
               Trichitis
               .
               This
               Water
               purgeth
               very
               quick
               ,
               and
               are
               not
               to
               be
               drank
               by
               a
               Body
               out
               of
               Temper
               ,
               or
               Heat
               by
               walking
               without
               inconvenience
               .
               I
               was
               there
               Iuly
               1696
               after
               some
               wet
               days
               .
               This
               Water
               is
               bitter
               like
               Epsam
               ;
               it
               curdled
               with
               Soap
               or
               Milk
               much
               more
               than
               Richmond
               ,
               and
               equal
               to
               Epsam
               .
               Taken
               the
               same
               day
               
               with
               Richmond
               in
               the
               quantity
               of
               nine
               Ounces
               and
               near
               a
               quarter
               ,
               was
               28
               Grains
               heavier
               than
               common
               Water
               ,
               and
               12
               Grains
               than
               Richmond
               .
            
             
               With
               Gall
               it
               turn'd
               ●st
               yellow
               and
               clear
               ,
               then
               thick
               and
               muddy
               ,
               white
               and
               a
               little
               yellowish
               ,
               in
               which
               it
               resembled
               common
               Salt
               ;
               and
               with
               that
               it
               agreed
               in
               making
               no
               alteration
               in
               a
               Sol●tion
               of
               Sublimate
               ,
               and
               in
               making
               an
               〈◊〉
               with
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               ,
               and
               in
               not
               disturbing
               Spirit
               of
               Salt.
               It
               agreed
               with
               Acids
               ,
               in
               not
               relieving
               the
               Red
               of
               Tincture
               of
               Turnsole
               sharpned
               ,
               in
               curdling
               Spirit
               of
               〈◊〉
               very
               much
               ,
               but
               Spirit
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Armoni●●●
              
               〈◊〉
               little
               ,
               or
               rather
               in
               a
               more
               fine
               Cu●●le
               :
               In
               which
               Trial
               this
               resembles
               common
               Salt
               more
               than
               Richmond
               ,
               which
               curdles
               th●
               last
               most
               ,
               and
               in
               giving
               a
               Red
               with
               Tinct●re
               of
               Logwood
               .
               The
               particular
               Nature
               is
               somewhat
               pointed
               at
               ,
               in
               that
               this
               Water
               after
               an
               Infusion
               some
               hours
               on
               points
               of
               Nails
               ,
               with
               Gall
               became
               dusky
               and
               thick
               of
               a
               foot
               colour
               ,
               which
               precipitated
               and
               left
               the
               Liquor
               yellow
               ;
               in
               this
               it
               differ'd
               from
               〈◊〉
               Salts
               .
            
             
               The
               Stone
               prov'd
               it self
               to
               have
               much
               of
               the
               Nature
               of
               Rock-salt
               ,
               such
               as
               is
               brought
               from
               the
               West
               of
               England
               near
               Chester
               .
            
             
               The
               Salt
               shot
               into
               Stiriae
               ,
               which
               being
               heat
               ,
               blister'd
               and
               lost
               much
               by
               a
               hot
               Fire
               ,
               so
               as
               to
               have
               only
               12
               Grains
               remaining
               of
               40
               ,
               but
               this
               was
               done
               in
               Earth
               ;
               the
               more
               fix'd
               parts
               
               remain'd
               angular
               and
               flat
               like
               Sea-salt
               .
               The
               stone
               melted
               ,
               pierced
               the
               Clay
               readily
               ,
               and
               made
               it
               break
               like
               China
               .
            
             
               The
               Calx
               of
               the
               Salt
               remain'd
               Gray
               .
            
             
               Though
               I
               must
               not
               adventure
               to
               determine
               the
               particular
               Nature
               of
               the
               Salt
               of
               this
               Water
               ,
               which
               made
               the
               stone
               sparkle
               ,
               yet
               I
               may
               say
               it
               is
               Marcasitical
               ,
               and
               that
               it
               contains
               no
               fresh
               or
               new
               Metal
               or
               Mineral
               ,
               but
               that
               it
               varies
               in
               the
               Salt
               (
               as
               the
               Gravels
               and
               Loams
               meeting
               and
               joyning
               ,
               produce
               the
               common
               Vitriol
               stone
               )
               which
               here
               seems
               of
               kin
               to
               that
               of
               common
               Gravels
               ,
               and
               that
               it
               has
               some
               cold
               Nature
               proportionable
               to
               such
               an
               Original
               ,
               but
               fluxile
               withall
               ,
               being
               apt
               to
               set
               the
               Blood
               flowing
               .
            
             
               The
               Salt
               I
               conclude
               by
               the
               Essays
               ,
               to
               resemble
               common
               Salt
               ,
               and
               to
               be
               of
               kin
               to
               Mineral
               Salt
               ,
               as
               is
               our
               Rock
               salt
               ,
               but
               yet
               to
               differ
               in
               its
               being
               more
               Penetrative
               and
               Fluxile
               ,
               and
               not
               of
               the
               Nature
               of
               common
               Salt
               ,
               which
               precipitates
               not
               Vitriols
               .
            
          
           
             
               North-Hall
               Water
               in
               Hartfordshire
               ,
            
             
               WEigh'd
               heavier
               than
               Epsam
               ,
               and
               pleasant
               ,
               not
               so
               nauseous
               to
               taste
               .
               It
               preserved
               the
               blew
               of
               Syrup
               of
               Violets
               ,
               which
               Nitres
               and
               Alkalys
               chang'd
               to
               a
               green
               .
               It
               disturbed
               not
               a
               Solution
               of
               Sublimate
               in
               common
               
               Water
               :
               It
               was
               not
               acid
               enough
               ,
               nor
               Alkalisat
               enough
               ,
               to
               give
               either
               a
               red
               or
               dirty
               brown
               with
               Tincture
               of
               Logwood
               ,
               but
               gave
               it
               a
               yellow
               which
               grew
               paler
               upon
               standing
               ,
               as
               I
               judged
               somewhat
               like
               Glaubers
               Salt
               ,
               which
               is
               made
               of
               common
               Salt
               and
               Spirit
               of
               Vitriol
               ,
               and
               which
               likewise
               purgeth
               :
               It
               took
               very
               little
               yellowness
               from
               Galls
               ,
               and
               what
               it
               took
               it
               would
               not
               hold
               ,
               but
               suffer'd
               to
               precipitate
               presently
               :
               The
               first
               being
               the
               effect
               of
               Spirit
               of
               Salt
               ▪
               the
               last
               of
               Spirit
               of
               Vitriol
               .
               It
               curdled
               soapy
               Water
               in
               large
               Curdles
               ,
               and
               
                 Ol.
                 Tartari
                 per
                 deliquium
              
               the
               same
               ;
               and
               upon
               shaking
               ,
               this
               Water
               rais'd
               a
               great
               Froth
               ,
               which
               it
               kept
               a
               great
               while
               .
               I
               judged
               therefore
               this
               Water
               to
               contain
               a
               Salt
               resembling
               common
               Salt
               ,
               and
               that
               part
               of
               it
               which
               is
               condens'd
               and
               christalliz'd
               through
               Cold
               in
               a
               Humid
               as
               in
               Cellars
               ,
               the
               Coagulation
               with
               Liquid
               Salt
               of
               Tartar
               being
               not
               so
               universal
               ,
               as
               with
               the
               other
               part
               of
               common
               Salt.
               
            
          
           
             
               Lambeth
               nearer
               Well
               in
               Surry
               .
            
             
               THIS
               Water
               ,
               beside
               the
               Virtues
               which
               it
               hath
               in
               common
               with
               other
               Purging
               Waters
               ,
               has
               the
               Property
               of
               caring
               Leprosies
               ,
               and
               cleansing
               and
               clearing
               Scorbutick
               Scurss
               and
               Spots
               ;
               which
               how
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               Salt
               accounts
               for
               ,
               is
               worth
               Observation
               .
               This
               
               Water
               try'd
               at
               the
               Well
               after
               a
               dry
               Season
               was
               clear
               ,
               but
               not
               so
               Limpid
               as
               common
               Spring
               Water
               ,
               having
               somewhat
               of
               the
               colour
               of
               Rain-water
               ;
               it
               was
               of
               the
               taste
               of
               Saltpetre
               ,
               or
               nearer
               Saltpetres
               second
               Salt
               ,
               but
               left
               a
               Vitriolick
               brackish
               or
               nauseous
               taste
               on
               the
               Palat.
               Half
               a
               Pint
               and
               half
               an
               Ounce
               of
               this
               Water
               ,
               exceeded
               common
               Water
               in
               weight
               24
               Grains
               ;
               it
               made
               no
               alteration
               in
               a
               Solution
               of
               Sublimate
               in
               fair
               Water
               ,
               which
               Nitres
               and
               Alkalys
               disturb
               ;
               it
               agreed
               with
               common
               Salt
               ,
               in
               changing
               the
               Red
               of
               Syrup
               of
               Clove
               Gilliflowers
               into
               a
               cloudy
               pale
               colour
               ,
               in
               which
               the
               Red
               upon
               24
               hours
               standing
               was
               wholly
               lost
               ,
               but
               was
               restored
               by
               a
               drop
               of
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               ;
               it
               had
               the
               Effects
               of
               the
               same
               Salt
               in
               curdling
               strongly
               with
               
                 Ol.
                 Tartar
                 ▪
                 per
                 deliquium
              
               ,
               in
               giving
               a
               pale
               yellow
               not
               very
               fine
               with
               Gall
               ;
               and
               with
               Tincture
               of
               Logwood
               a
               brown
               ,
               exactly
               resembling
               Ale
               that
               is
               not
               fine
               ,
               a
               little
               browner
               (
               if
               any
               thing
               )
               than
               what
               common
               Salt
               produceth
               .
               But
               in
               this
               it
               agreed
               with
               Saltpetres
               second
               Salt
               ,
               and
               it
               disturb'd
               a
               Solution
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Saturni
              
               in
               fair
               Water
               ,
               just
               to
               that
               degree
               that
               Saltpetres
               second
               Salt
               does
               ;
               and
               with
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephr●ticum
              
               gave
               a
               Whitewine
               yellow
               and
               clear
               quickly
               as
               Saltpetre
               does
               ;
               common
               gravelly
               Spring-water
               gives
               near
               the
               colour
               but
               upon
               longer
               standing
               .
               It
               agreed
               besides
               only
               with
               Glaubers
               Salt
               in
               the
               Essay
               with
               Gall
               and
               Logwood
               .
               The
               Water
               standing
               on
               Iron
               24
               
               hours
               ,
               gave
               with
               Gall
               a
               reddish
               Purple
               ,
               which
               turn'd
               Inky
               ,
               and
               although
               the
               grosser
               parts
               precipitated
               ,
               as
               where
               there
               is
               a
               mixture
               of
               Nitre
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Vitrioline
               Waters
               impregnate
               with
               the
               Salt
               of
               the
               upper
               Soil
               ,
               yet
               the
               colour
               remain'd
               in
               the
               clear
               Liquor
               much
               deep●●
               than
               a
               Violet
               ,
               though
               it
               stood
               open
               some
               days
               .
               This
               one
               drop
               of
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               turn'd
               ●●een
               as
               it
               doth
               Ink
               made
               with
               English
               〈◊〉
               .
               A
               drop
               or
               two
               of
               this
               in
               common
               〈◊〉
               a
               Gravel
               resumed
               the
               Red.
               This
               Water
               precipitated
               fine
               Silver
               out
               of
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               ,
               but
               not
               so
               quick
               and
               strongly
               ,
               I
               thought
               ,
               as
               Rock-salt
               and
               Sea-salt
               .
               This
               Water
               accordingly
               changed
               not
               the
               colour
               of
               Syrup
               of
               Violets
               ,
               neither
               doth
               common
               Salt.
               
            
             
               Thus
               the
               Salt
               of
               this
               Water
               agreeth
               with
               common
               Salt
               ,
               but
               comes
               not
               up
               to
               its
               power
               of
               Precipitating
               or
               Coagulating
               ,
               which
               Properties
               would
               rather
               set
               and
               fix
               the
               Humour
               ,
               and
               so
               promote
               the
               Distemper
               ,
               as
               appears
               in
               the
               Effects
               of
               Bay-salt
               to
               produce
               the
               Scurvy
               ,
               which
               Property
               is
               observ'd
               to
               lye
               in
               the
               hardness
               of
               the
               second
               or
               less
               coagulable
               part
               ,
               and
               not
               to
               be
               found
               in
               the
               Salt
               when
               purified
               .
            
             
               It
               agrees
               in
               some
               Tryals
               with
               Saltpetres
               second
               Salt
               ,
               which
               is
               not
               wholly
               differing
               from
               common
               Salt.
               But
               because
               Salts
               differ
               ,
               I
               examined
               the
               Water
               more
               nicely
               .
               It
               disturb'd
               a
               Solution
               of
               Hungarian
               Vitriol
               which
               common
               Salt
               did
               not
               ,
               Rock
               Salt
               very
               little
               ,
               but
               
               the
               second
               Salt
               of
               Saltpetre
               readily
               effected
               likewise
               ,
               but
               scarce
               in
               so
               high
               a
               Degree
               ,
               for
               this
               sent
               down
               a
               yellowish
               Precipitate
               forthwith
               ;
               yet
               it
               did
               not
               trouble
               a
               Solution
               of
               Mercury
               Sublimate
               as
               
                 Sal
                 Gem.
              
               nor
               precipitate
               it
               as
               do
               the
               Nitres
               and
               Lime-salt
               of
               a
               yellow
               ,
               or
               as
               Salt
               of
               Chalk
               and
               Marle
               white
               .
            
             
               The
               Salt
               was
               gray
               near
               white
               ,
               mostly
               near
               Cubes
               ,
               or
               in
               thick
               plates
               as
               common
               Salt
               ,
               some
               scurfie
               light
               parts
               with
               it
               ,
               which
               was
               the
               Scum
               which
               precipitated
               in
               Boyling
               ,
               no
               Stiriae
               or
               pointed
               parts
               could
               I
               observe
               .
               The
               Water
               did
               early
               raise
               or
               bear
               a
               Scum.
               The
               Salt
               readily
               ran
               
                 per
                 deliquium
              
               ,
               and
               le●t
               a
               leafie
               Earth
               and
               grey
               about
               24
               Grains
               out
               of
               a
               Quart
               of
               Water
               :
               This
               leafy
               Earth
               was
               very
               light
               ,
               and
               made
               a
               very
               small
               Effervescence
               with
               distill'd
               Vinegar
               ,
               nor
               would
               it
               wholly
               take
               away
               its
               Acidity
               .
            
             
               This
               Salt
               precipitated
               fine
               Silver
               out
               of
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               in
               hard
               large
               Curdles
               ;
               Saltpetres
               second
               Salt
               only
               whitens
               and
               disturbs
               the
               Solution
               which
               at
               last
               precipitates
               it
               .
               
                 Ol.
                 Partari
                 per
                 deliquium
              
               works
               on
               it
               ,
               but
               does
               not
               precipitate
               the
               Silver
               :
               But
               this
               Salt
               ,
               I
               thought
               ,
               did
               scarce
               so
               fully
               precipitate
               the
               Silver
               as
               Rock
               Salt.
               
            
             
               ☞
               I
               therefore
               refer
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               Salt
               of
               this
               Water
               to
               that
               of
               common
               Salt
               ,
               whose
               power
               it
               hath
               even
               to
               the
               depurating
               a
               Solution
               of
               Vitriol
               ,
               but
               without
               either
               so
               gross
               
               and
               strong
               an
               Earth
               ,
               or
               so
               severe
               and
               coagulative
               an
               Acidity
               .
            
             
               The
               Diseases
               that
               have
               been
               cur'd
               by
               these
               Waters
               ,
               as
               I
               found
               them
               registred
               in
               a
               Table
               at
               the
               Well
               ,
               were
               as
               I
               remember
               ,
               
                 Leprosie
                 ,
                 Scurvy
                 ,
                 Vertigo's
                 ,
                 Jaundies
                 ,
                 Worms
                 ,
                 Stone
              
               and
               Colick
               .
            
             
               To
               understand
               on
               what
               account
               this
               Water
               exerts
               its
               power
               ,
               beside
               Worms
               ,
               which
               every
               one
               knows
               to
               be
               destroy'd
               ,
               and
               the
               flatulent
               putrid
               matter
               suppress'd
               by
               Sea-salt
               ,
               I
               think
               the
               Leprosie
               may
               well
               illustrate
               .
               To
               have
               a
               Notion
               of
               the
               Nature
               of
               this
               Disease
               ,
               It
               is
               not
               necessary
               here
               to
               inquire
               into
               the
               particular
               Juyce
               it
               is
               seated
               ,
               in
               ,
               and
               Vessels
               serving
               it
               ;
               it
               is
               sufficient
               that
               the
               Nature
               and
               Genius
               of
               the
               Humour
               or
               Salt
               is
               toward
               an
               Alkali
               ,
               exulcerating
               and
               dry
               ,
               seated
               or
               produced
               by
               too
               thick
               and
               luxuriant
               Chyle
               ,
               in
               too
               nitrous
               or
               scorching
               a
               Climate
               :
               That
               the
               Cure
               of
               this
               Disease
               consists
               not
               only
               in
               som●
               Qualities
               that
               mortifie
               it
               ,
               but
               in
               some
               pungent
               parts
               that
               can
               retain
               their
               Nature
               ,
               and
               are
               apt
               to
               separate
               the
               grosser
               parts
               ,
               we
               are
               taught
               by
               the
               success
               of
               Vipers
               in
               this
               Disease
               ,
               which
               have
               a
               Faculty
               of
               separating
               Tartar
               from
               Canary
               in
               which
               they
               are
               infus'd
               ,
               which
               else
               yields
               none
               .
               On
               which
               ,
               by
               the
               way
               ,
               I
               must
               observe
               the
               Error
               in
               choosing
               that
               Wine
               for
               the
               Infusion
               ,
               on
               which
               the
               Virtue
               of
               the
               Vipers
               is
               in
               so
               much
               measure
               lost
               ,
               
               proportionably
               to
               the
               demand
               of
               the
               thickness
               of
               the
               Liquor
               .
               If
               this
               be
               conceded
               ,
               I
               think
               it
               must
               be
               allow'd
               ,
               that
               as
               the
               Nature
               of
               this
               Salt
               is
               disposed
               to
               mortifie
               Alkalys
               ,
               and
               to
               penetrate
               without
               Corruption
               ,
               so
               its
               being
               void
               of
               that
               severe
               Coagulum
               may
               qualifie
               it
               to
               separate
               and
               discharge
               .
               And
               that
               I
               beg
               not
               much
               in
               this
               Notion
               ,
               will
               appear
               in
               the
               opposite
               Salt
               of
               Brentwood-Weale
               ,
               which
               I
               have
               experienced
               to
               encourage
               and
               increase
               this
               Disease
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               Water
               of
               the
               farther
               Well
               at
               Lambeth
               .
            
             
               THIS
               Water
               in
               Taste
               came
               nearer
               common
               Pump
               Water
               ,
               agreed
               with
               the
               other
               Water
               in
               every
               Tryal
               ,
               as
               well
               by
               weight
               as
               otherwise
               ;
               only
               Syrup
               of
               Cloves
               did
               not
               wholly
               lose
               its
               Red
               ,
               neither
               did
               a
               drop
               of
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               restore
               it
               ,
               as
               it
               did
               in
               the
               other
               :
               Whence
               it
               appears
               to
               be
               of
               a
               less
               Vitrioline
               Nature
               ,
               or
               not
               so
               affine
               to
               Sea-salt
               ;
               and
               so
               may
               be
               more
               fit
               for
               general
               drinking
               ,
               though
               not
               so
               satisfactory
               to
               the
               particular
               Intention
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               Purging
               Water
               of
               Alford
               in
               Somersetshire
               .
            
             
               THIS
               Water
               is
               of
               kin
               to
               the
               other
               :
               The
               Acidity
               not
               Volatile
               or
               alterable
               .
               Gall
               and
               
                 Lignum
                 Neph●●ticum
              
               gave
               it
               a
               very
               pale
               yellow
               ,
               but
               the
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               somewhat
               deeper
               than
               the
               Gall
               or
               Saltpetre
               does
               .
               With
               Tincture
               of
               Logwood
               an
               Amber
               colour
               like
               Glaubers
               Salt
               and
               Salt
               of
               Cellars
               ,
               and
               not
               far
               from
               that
               of
               Saltpetre
               .
               With
               Gall
               and
               Iron
               it
               gave
               a
               right
               Purple
               colour
               ,
               as
               Mineral
               Acids
               ,
               and
               which
               Saltpetre
               does
               :
               It
               differ'd
               from
               Saltpetre
               ,
               and
               seem'd
               between
               that
               and
               common
               Salt.
               
            
          
           
             
               The
               Water
               of
               Brentwood-Weal
               in
               Essex
               .
            
             
               AS
               Lambeth
               Water
               and
               Woodham●Ferrys
               ,
               I
               have
               experienced
               specifically
               proper
               and
               effectual
               in
               Leprous
               Diseases
               ,
               so
               this
               is
               considerable
               in
               its
               opposite
               Nature
               ,
               which
               I
               have
               likewise
               experienced
               .
            
             
               This
               Water
               is
               of
               Taste
               Lixiviate
               ,
               with
               a
               little
               Bitterness
               ,
               and
               not
               free
               of
               the
               maukish
               taste
               of
               the
               rest
               ,
               but
               not
               so
               nauseous
               as
               Epsam
               .
               With
               Syrup
               of
               Violets
               it
               gave
               a
               full
               green
               as
               Alkalys
               ,
               with
               which
               it
               agreed
               in
               giving
               a
               
               dusky
               Gold
               colour
               near
               that
               or
               Malaga
               Sack
               with
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               ,
               in
               tur●ing
               thick
               and
               dark
               with
               Iron
               and
               Gall
               ,
               not
               black
               or
               blewish
               as
               Vitriols
               ,
               common
               Salt
               and
               Salt-petre
               ;
               and
               which
               precipitated
               as
               the
               bla●ks
               made
               with
               Alkalies
               .
               And
               lastly
               ,
               in
               not
               precipitating
               fine
               Silver
               out
               of
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               ,
               more
               than
               fair
               Water
               will.
               
            
             
               It
               distinguish'd
               it self
               from
               Vitriol
               and
               Alum
               ,
               in
               growing
               thick
               and
               whitish
               with
               Gall
               ,
               as
               Nitres
               of
               a
               mix'd
               nature
               do
               ,
               or
               Vitriols
               and
               common
               Water
               ;
               the
               same
               standing
               became
               a
               pale
               yellow
               ,
               which
               precipitated
               as
               it
               would
               in
               a
               Solution
               of
               Saltpetres
               second
               Salt
               ,
               or
               near
               the
               effect
               of
               common
               Salt
               :
               It
               gave
               a
               Red
               with
               Tincture
               of
               Logwood
               (
               as
               Cellar-salt
               but
               more
               red
               )
               which
               Vitriol
               blackens
               and
               Alum
               purples
               .
               With
               Syrup
               of
               Cloves
               it
               gave
               a
               dull
               pale
               with
               a
               blewish
               cast
               ,
               as
               Alkalies
               do
               ,
               but
               more
               like
               to
               Saltpetres
               second
               Salt.
               
            
             
               With
               a
               Solution
               of
               Sublimate
               no
               alteration
               ;
               nor
               any
               change
               or
               Precipitation
               or
               disturbance
               in
               a
               Solution
               of
               Hungarian
               Vitriol
               ,
               in
               both
               which
               it
               agreed
               with
               a
               Vitriolick
               Salt
               ,
               as
               almost
               if
               not
               altogether
               all
               these
               do
               .
            
             
               With
               a
               Deliquium
               of
               Salt
               of
               Tartar
               it
               coagulated
               extreamly
               hard
               like
               stone
               ,
               as
               the
               second
               Salt
               of
               Salt-Marine
               .
            
             
               A
               Solution
               of
               
                 Salt
                 Saturni
              
               this
               Salt
               rendred
               white
               and
               thick
               like
               Milk
               ,
               in
               which
               it
               differ'd
               from
               Saltpetre
               ,
               which
               doth
               not
               disturb
               it
               ,
               and
               from
               Saltpetres
               second
               Salt
               ,
               which
               
               disturbs
               it
               but
               a
               little
               .
               This
               Water
               in
               boyling
               threw
               up
               much
               of
               the
               Salt
               in
               the
               Scum
               ,
               as
               
                 Sal
                 Gem.
              
               doth
               ,
               and
               had
               some
               gross
               earthy
               white
               Flakes
               precipitated
               .
            
             
               The
               Salt
               was
               white
               ,
               and
               shot
               in
               very
               small
               Stiriae
               or
               flat
               Bacilli
               ,
               most
               of
               them
               pointed
               ,
               some
               not
               ;
               these
               did
               not
               readily
               melt
               .
               The
               Earth
               too
               was
               white
               and
               in
               great
               quantity
               ,
               being
               near
               a
               fourth
               part
               .
               Some
               part
               of
               the
               Salt
               was
               stain'd
               yellow
               ,
               having
               some
               of
               the
               Soyl
               in
               it
               .
               Some
               part
               of
               the
               Salt
               which
               was
               the
               last
               ,
               was
               not
               shot
               so
               discernably
               ,
               but
               was
               in
               hard
               lumps
               ,
               and
               seem'd
               to
               consist
               of
               a
               second
               Salt
               ,
               that
               is
               of
               a
               somewhat
               differing
               Nature
               .
               This
               did
               differ
               from
               the
               other
               in
               making
               a
               greater
               Precipitation
               of
               fine
               Silver
               out
               of
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               ,
               and
               a
               greater
               Coagulation
               of
               the
               Liquor
               of
               Salt
               of
               Tartar.
               
            
             
               The
               Salt
               wherewith
               this
               Water
               is
               impregnate
               ,
               appears
               to
               be
               a
               full
               Alkali
               (
               and
               the
               deep
               red
               with
               Tincture
               of
               Logwood
               made
               with
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
               does
               not
               contradict
               it
               ,
               Alkalies
               giving
               not
               much
               deeper
               with
               that
               Tincture
               )
               joyn'd
               with
               a
               hard
               coagulating
               Acid
               not
               of
               the
               Nature
               of
               common
               Salt
               ,
               but
               rather
               of
               Saltpetres
               second
               Salt.
               
            
             
               And
               according
               to
               this
               Nature
               of
               it
               ,
               this
               Water
               will
               not
               keep
               sweet
               four
               days
               ,
               whereas
               the
               others
               will
               near
               three
               times
               that
               time
               .
            
             
               That
               this
               should
               be
               injurious
               in
               Leprous
               cases
               ,
               is
               very
               〈◊〉
               telligible
               ,
               from
               its
               Alkalifateness
               to
               raise
               the
               Blood
               and
               ulcerate
               ,
               and
               its
               
               coagulative
               Acidity
               .
               And
               it
               is
               observable
               ,
               that
               the
               Lambeth
               Water
               is
               exactly
               of
               the
               contrary
               Nature
               ,
               containing
               a
               Salt
               affine
               to
               Sea-salt
               ,
               but
               without
               the
               Severity
               of
               the
               Acid
               or
               coagulative
               Quality
               .
               This
               Water
               of
               Brentwood
               I
               have
               experienced
               beneficial
               in
               Hypochondriacal
               cases
               ,
               particularly
               at
               the
               beginning
               .
               But
               the
               difference
               of
               the
               Constitution
               of
               the
               Patient
               is
               necessa●●
               ,
               to
               be
               consulted
               ,
               in
               order
               to
               the
               due
               Prescription
               of
               these
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               other
               Waters
               ,
               since
               either
               the
               different
               Nature
               of
               the
               Salt
               of
               the
               Blood
               ,
               or
               a
               peculiar
               Mechanism
               of
               the
               Body
               ,
               may
               make
               it
               lyable
               to
               receive
               great
               Alterations
               according
               to
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               Salt.
               
            
             
               This
               is
               clear
               in
               the
               present
               instance
               ,
               for
               whereas
               the
               Melancholy
               and
               dull
               Crasis
               of
               this
               Patients
               Blood
               ,
               made
               this
               a
               suitable
               Remedy
               ,
               yet
               I
               observed
               in
               another
               Gentlewoman
               of
               the
               same
               Years
               ,
               but
               of
               a
               Florid
               Sanguine
               Complexion
               ,
               this
               Water
               to
               be
               of
               so
               differing
               an
               Effect
               ,
               as
               to
               cause
               Violent
               Flushings
               of
               the
               Body
               and
               Face
               ,
               and
               an
               Obstruction
               of
               the
               Catamenia
               ,
               all
               which
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               Salt
               accounts
               for
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Upminster
               Water
               in
               Essex
               ,
            
             
               WAS
               very
               clear
               ,
               of
               taste
               bitter
               ,
               with
               a
               sweetish
               nauseous
               taste
               .
               In
               the
               quantity
               of
               nine
               Ounces
               six
               Drams
               and
               six
               Grains
               ,
               out-weigh'd
               common
               Water
               55
               Grains
               :
               The
               Water
               curdled
               
                 Oleum
                 Tartari
                 per
                 deliquium
              
               ,
               but
               not
               very
               large
               nor
               very
               quickly
               ;
               curdled
               Spirit
               of
               Harts-horn
               strongly
               ;
               its
               Alkalisate
               nature
               appear'd
               in
               thickning
               a
               Depurated
               Solution
               of
               English
               Vitriol
               ,
               and
               much
               sooner
               a
               Solution
               of
               Hungarian
               ,
               and
               making
               a
               large
               Precipitation
               :
               In
               taking
               a
               high
               yellow
               Tincture
               with
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               near
               an
               Orange
               ;
               with
               Gall
               a
               Turbid
               dark
               and
               greenish
               ,
               which
               precipitated
               ,
               leaving
               the
               Liquor
               yellow
               ;
               in
               making
               an
               Effervescence
               with
               Oyl
               of
               Vitriol
               ;
               in
               giving
               a
               Claret-red
               with
               a
               Tincture
               of
               Logwood
               in
               fair
               water
               mix'd
               without
               heat
               ;
               in
               taking
               a
               dark
               sooty
               thick
               colour
               with
               Syrup
               of
               Cloves
               .
               In
               the
               Verdigreese
               green
               with
               Syrup
               of
               Violets
               ,
               and
               in
               troubling
               a
               Solution
               of
               Silver
               in
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               ,
               not
               so
               effectually
               as
               common
               Salt
               :
               It
               differ'd
               from
               Saltpetre
               in
               rendring
               a
               Solution
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Saturni
              
               milky
               :
               It
               differs
               from
               Alkalies
               ,
               in
               that
               it
               makes
               no
               alteration
               in
               a
               Solution
               of
               Sublimate
               made
               in
               fair
               water
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Barnet
               Water
               in
               Hartfordshire
               ,
            
             
               WAS
               very
               clear
               ,
               had
               much
               the
               taste
               of
               common
               Pump
               water
               ,
               but
               with
               an
               addition
               of
               bitterness
               ,
               though
               less
               than
               in
               the
               other
               ;
               in
               the
               quantity
               of
               ten
               Ounces
               ,
               this
               Water
               ,
               taken
               in
               Summer-time
               ,
               as
               were
               the
               others
               ,
               surmounted
               common
               water
               in
               weight
               near
               a
               Dram
               ,
               or
               within
               a
               Grain
               of
               a
               Dram.
               The
               Salt
               of
               this
               Water
               exactly
               answer'd
               a
               Salt
               Alkalisate
               ,
               particularly
               that
               of
               Chalk
               in
               all
               Tryals
               ;
               with
               Gall
               it
               became
               thick
               ,
               disturb'd
               ,
               and
               whitish
               ,
               not
               free
               of
               the
               yellow
               Tincture
               ;
               with
               Syrup
               of
               Violets
               a
               deep
               Verdigreese
               green
               ;
               with
               Syrup
               of
               Cloves
               a
               sooty
               dusky
               colour
               ;
               with
               Tincture
               of
               Logwood
               cold
               an
               Orange
               tawny
               ;
               with
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               yellow
               and
               clear
               :
               It
               rendred
               a
               Solution
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Saturni
              
               in
               common
               water
               milky
               :
               It
               rendred
               a
               Solution
               of
               Mercury
               Sublimate
               milky
               :
               It
               disturb'd
               and
               made
               thick
               a
               clear
               Solution
               of
               Hungarian
               Vitriol
               ;
               and
               did
               not
               precipitate
               fine
               Silver
               out
               of
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               :
               The
               same
               in
               all
               these
               doth
               Salt
               of
               Chalk
               only
               .
               Moreover
               this
               curdled
               the
               Deliquium
               of
               Salt
               of
               Tartar
               ,
               and
               also
               Spirit
               of
               Harts-horn
               ,
               but
               both
               fine
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Stretham
               VVater
               in
               Surry
               ,
            
             
               OF
               Odour
               sweetish
               ;
               of
               Taste
               it
               was
               nauseous
               and
               Saline
               ,
               not
               so
               bitter
               as
               Barnet
               ,
               taken
               at
               the
               same
               time
               ;
               and
               was
               lighter
               by
               ten
               Grains
               in
               seven
               Ounces
               and
               a
               half
               :
               It
               answered
               the
               same
               Ess●ys
               with
               Barnet
               water
               ,
               only
               with
               Syrup
               of
               Cloves
               a
               little
               more
               blew
               ,
               like
               common
               Salt
               ,
               or
               Saltpetres
               second
               Salt
               ;
               when
               near
               boyl'd
               up
               ,
               the
               Salt
               on
               the
               sides
               in
               the
               cold
               ,
               shot
               in
               long
               and
               flat
               Bacilli
               ,
               not
               ready
               to
               melt
               in
               heat
               ,
               and
               had
               the
               cold
               taste
               of
               Saltpetre
               ,
               but
               with
               a
               sweetness
               .
               The
               bottom
               had
               three
               sorts
               ,
               some
               being
               flat
               ,
               broad
               ,
               and
               grained
               like
               common
               Salt
               ,
               and
               some
               soft
               ,
               like
               Epsam
               ,
               which
               had
               flakes
               in
               it
               ;
               four
               Scruples
               of
               Salt
               had
               about
               eighteen
               Grains
               of
               Earth
               ;
               the
               Earth
               and
               flakes
               were
               white
               and
               clearish
               ,
               they
               burnt
               white
               ,
               and
               Distill'd
               Vinegar
               wrought
               on
               it
               ,
               but
               did
               not
               take
               up
               any
               considerable
               quantity
               of
               it
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               Purging
               Chalybeat
               VVater
               of
               Scarbourgh
               in
               Yorkshire
               .
            
             
               SCarbourgh
               Water
               is
               Chalybeat
               and
               Purges
               ,
               it
               has
               Qualifications
               of
               a
               Purging
               Water
               ,
               the
               Salt
               of
               it
               is
               figur'd
               ,
               approaching
               to
               a
               Nitre
               ,
               and
               which
               is
               really
               Nitrous
               ,
               and
               the
               Earth
               over
               the
               Spring
               shews
               the
               Nitrous
               Efflorescence
               ,
               that
               at
               other
               Purging
               Waters
               is
               an
               Index
               of
               the
               Earth
               whence
               the
               Salt
               is
               derived
               .
            
             
               As
               Chalybeats
               ,
               it
               is
               a
               running
               Spring
               ,
               and
               proceeds
               from
               a
               Gravel
               ,
               and
               expos'd
               to
               the
               Air
               ,
               some
               days
               loses
               its
               power
               of
               making
               a
               black
               with
               Gall
               ,
               the
               Salt
               remaining
               being
               purely
               Nitrous
               .
               It
               has
               the
               Virtue
               of
               both
               Waters
               ,
               and
               is
               sufficiently
               celebrated
               by
               the
               Frequenters
               of
               it
               .
               And
               I
               hence
               conclude
               it
               to
               be
               either
               two
               Waters
               joyn'd
               ,
               or
               a
               Chalybeat
               Water
               washing
               a
               Nitrous
               Vault
               .
               The
               Spring
               is
               upon
               the
               Sea-shore
               ,
               and
               flows
               from
               or
               near
               an
               Alum
               Mine
               :
               It
               is
               observable
               ,
               that
               other
               Springs
               that
               flow
               over
               Alum
               Mines
               here
               in
               England
               ,
               yet
               differ
               not
               the
               least
               from
               common
               Water
               ;
               the
               black
               slaty
               stone
               not
               yielding
               the
               least
               Aluminous
               Taste
               before
               Ustion
               .
               I
               shall
               clear
               it
               from
               partaking
               of
               Alum
               or
               Sea-salt
               by
               Tryals
               ,
               which
               will
               confirm
               my
               Account
               of
               the
               other
               Waters
               ,
               since
               it
               is
               clear
               of
               participating
               any
               thing
               with
               the
               Mine
               
               over
               which
               it
               runs
               ,
               and
               the
               Mine
               would
               probably
               discover
               any
               other
               Minerals
               joyn'd
               ,
               if
               such
               there
               were
               ;
               and
               the
               same
               Nitrous
               Earth
               here
               sound
               ,
               that
               is
               common
               to
               the
               others
               ,
               makes
               this
               more
               plain
               .
               The
               proportion
               the
               nature
               of
               this
               Salt
               bears
               to
               the
               Nitre
               of
               common
               Water
               ,
               and
               true
               Nitres
               ,
               is
               discoverable
               by
               the
               quantity
               of
               time
               the
               Water
               retains
               its
               Ink-making
               quality
               ,
               Alkalies
               ,
               and
               so
               the
               true
               Nitre
               of
               the
               Ancients
               precipitate
               their
               dirty
               black
               presently
               .
            
             
               The
               〈◊〉
               was
               examin'd
               at
               the
               Spring
               ,
               at
               my
               direction
               ,
               by
               the
               accurate
               hand
               of
               my
               worthy
               Friend
               and
               Ingenious
               Gentleman
               Mr.
               
                 Edward
                 Carter
              
               of
               Scarbourgh
               ,
               in
               whose
               own
               words
               I
               shall
               deliver
               their
               Tryals
               of
               them
               ,
               only
               adding
               to
               each
               a
               Corollary
               of
               the
               use
               I
               make
               of
               them
               .
            
             
               Quest.
               1.
               
               What
               Colour
               Nutgall
               gives
               it
               ,
               and
               whether
               Turbid
               or
               Clear
               ?
            
             
               Answ.
               A
               Grain
               of
               Gall
               strew'd
               upon
               the
               Surface
               of
               eight
               or
               ten
               Ounces
               of
               the
               Water
               ,
               doth
               without
               any
               farther
               mixing
               ,
               immediately
               strike
               a
               deep
               reddish
               purple
               colour
               ,
               which
               presently
               becometh
               turbid
               ;
               if
               you
               let
               the
               same
               stand
               all
               night
               ,
               the
               Water
               will
               in
               a
               manner
               recover
               its
               pristine
               clearness
               ,
               and
               a
               Powder
               of
               the
               colour
               of
               colcothar
               will
               precipitate
               to
               the
               bottom
               in
               a
               large
               quantity
               .
               Or
               if
               a
               few
               drops
               of
               Spirit
               or
               Oyl
               of
               Vitriol
               be
               instill'd
               into
               the
               foresaid
               Tincture
               ,
               it
               will
               presently
               
               be
               clear
               as
               at
               first
               ,
               without
               the
               Precipitation
               of
               any
               Powder
               .
            
             
               The
               reddish
               Purple
               is
               effected
               by
               Alkalisate
               parts
               united
               to
               the
               Acid
               ,
               distill'd
               Acids
               to
               the
               like
               ;
               but
               that
               the
               Salt
               of
               this
               Water
               is
               Nitrous
               ,
               is
               observable
               in
               its
               turbidness
               ,
               but
               chiefly
               in
               the
               Precipitation
               of
               the
               colour
               upon
               standing
               ,
               which
               Precipitation
               Spirit
               of
               Vitriol
               prevents
               ,
               though
               it
               destroys
               the
               colour
               .
            
             
               Quest.
               2.
               
               Has
               the
               Water
               any
               Scum
               or
               bituminous
               Film
               .
            
             
               Answ.
               When
               it
               stagnateth
               in
               any
               place
               ,
               or
               stands
               a
               few
               hours
               in
               an
               open
               Glass
               ,
               there
               is
               an
               Azure
               colour'd
               bituminous
               Film
               or
               Scum
               upon
               it
               ,
               and
               if
               the
               same
               be
               expos'd
               to
               the
               Air
               for
               about
               a
               Week
               ,
               there
               is
               one
               riseth
               up
               much
               like
               that
               which
               swims
               upon
               Lime-water
               .
            
             
               The
               first
               is
               common
               to
               Chalybeat
               waters
               ,
               which
               appears
               upon
               the
               separation
               of
               the
               Nitrous
               and
               Vitrioline
               parts
               by
               the
               Air
               ,
               but
               the
               latter
               a
               peculiar
               of
               the
               Salt
               ,
               which
               being
               not
               calcarious
               ,
               I
               judge
               to
               be
               of
               such
               a
               Quality
               as
               complies
               with
               the
               Corruption
               of
               the
               Water
               ,
               so
               far
               as
               to
               suffer
               its
               grosser
               parts
               to
               be
               thrown
               up
               ,
               which
               Lime-water
               does
               by
               the
               motion
               of
               its
               own
               active
               Salt
               ;
               so
               far
               it
               differs
               from
               those
               of
               the
               Nature
               of
               common
               Salt
               which
               preserve
               Liquors
               .
               Weal
               water
               has
               the
               same
               Disposition
               .
            
             
             
               Quest.
               3.
               
               What
               Colour
               the
               Water
               kept
               three
               days
               in
               an
               open
               Glass
               will
               take
               with
               Nutgall
               turbid
               or
               clear
               ?
            
             
               Answ.
               Galls
               give
               it
               a
               colour
               then
               much
               as
               before
               ,
               yet
               something
               more
               remiss
               ,
               but
               if
               it
               stand
               longer
               ,
               as
               about
               a
               week
               ,
               they
               cause
               no
               such
               alteration
               ,
               changing
               it
               only
               into
               a
               milky
               colour
               ,
               like
               Barly
               water
               ,
               as
               Salt
               of
               common
               Earth
               does
               ,
               which
               is
               not
               Alkalisate
               .
            
             
               Quest.
               4.
               
               What
               Colour
               with
               Syrup
               of
               Violets
               ?
            
             
               Answ.
               A
               light
               Green
               ,
               which
               may
               be
               turn'd
               into
               a
               reddish
               Purple
               ,
               by
               adding
               some
               Spirit
               or
               Oyl
               of
               Vitriol
               .
            
             
               To
               these
               Remarks
               I
               have
               added
               some
               (
               which
               perhaps
               may
               not
               be
               unacceptable
               )
               touching
               the
               quantity
               of
               Salt
               and
               stone
               Powder
               contained
               in
               those
               Waters
               ,
               its
               Taste
               ,
               Odour
               and
               Figure
               when
               Christallized
               .
            
             
               According
               to
               my
               nearest
               Computation
               ,
               it
               hath
               about
               an
               Ounce
               in
               four
               Gallons
               ,
               and
               almost
               as
               much
               of
               the
               stone
               Powder
               ,
               which
               is
               of
               the
               colour
               of
               Sand
               made
               use
               of
               in
               Hour-glasses
               .
               I
               never
               could
               discover
               any
               of
               the
               blew
               Clay
               ,
               which
               some
               pretend
               to
               have
               found
               .
            
             
               The
               Salt
               hath
               a
               very
               remarkable
               Bitterness
               ,
               and
               when
               newly
               made
               ,
               a
               strong
               sulphurous
               Smell
               .
            
             
             
               The
               Christals
               are
               very
               clear
               and
               transparent
               ,
               comprehended
               under
               eight
               plains
               ,
               two
               of
               which
               are
               Sexangular
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               six
               are
               Rectangular
               Parallelograms
               ,
               which
               are
               disposed
               after
               this
               manner
               ,
               The
               sides
               are
               constituted
               of
               the
               two
               Sexangular
               Planes
               ,
               alternately
               interpos'd
               to
               two
               of
               the
               largest
               Parallelograms
               ,
               each
               side
               standing
               at
               right
               Angles
               with
               the
               other
               :
               The
               ends
               are
               terminated
               by
               the
               four
               lesser
               Parallelograms
               inclining
               to
               each
               other
               ,
               from
               the
               Extremities
               or
               lesser
               sides
               of
               the
               lateral
               Parallelograms
               ,
               as
               the
               two
               Lines
               mark'd
               with
               the
               points
               and
               dash
               .
               Thus
               I
               have
               described
               the
               Form
               of
               it
               as
               intelligibly
               as
               I
               can
               in
               words
               ,
               but
               because
               a
               Figure
               will
               help
               to
               explain
               what
               hath
               been
               said
               ,
               and
               be
               a
               means
               to
               represent
               the
               Idea
               better
               to
               the
               Understanding
               ,
               I
               shall
               endeavour
               to
               give
               you
               the
               best
               Delineation
               I
               can
               .
            
             
               Half
               of
               the
               Planes
               or
               Surfaces
               may
               be
               represented
               thus
               ,
               but
               the
               other
               which
               are
               opposite
               ,
               must
               be
               supplied
               by
               the
               Imagination
               .
            
             
               a
               exactly
               represents
               one
               of
               the
               Sexangular
               Planes
               ,
               which
               hath
               another
               like
               it
               directly
               opposite
               .
               
                 c
                 ,
                 b
                 ,
                 d
              
               ,
               do
               shew
               the
               Proportions
               of
               the
               greater
               and
               lesser
               Parallelograms
               ,
               but
               they
               cannot
               be
               represented
               Rectangular
               in
               the
               Scheme
               ,
               as
               indeed
               they
               are
               as
               was
               mentioned
               above
               ,
               the
               sides
               a
               and
               b
               do
               stand
               at
               right
               Angles
               ,
               and
               so
               do
               the
               sides
               opposite
               to
               them
               .
               Thus
               ●
               b.
               
            
             
             
             
             
             
             
               Thus
               far
               is
               the
               Account
               received
               in
               the
               Gentleman's
               Letter
               dated
               
                 Scarbourgh
                 ,
                 June
              
               22.
               1697.
               
            
             
               Some
               Christals
               of
               the
               Salt
               of
               this
               Water
               ,
               with
               the
               Earth
               or
               stony
               Powder
               of
               it
               ,
               I
               received
               since
               from
               the
               same
               hand
               .
               The
               Salt
               was
               clear
               and
               uniform
               or
               single
               ,
               and
               not
               an
               aggregate
               ,
               consisting
               of
               Bacilli
               or
               Columns
               ,
               nor
               plected
               as
               the
               Alum
               there
               produced
               appears
               ,
               the
               Figure
               was
               the
               same
               now
               describ'd
               ,
               only
               one
               of
               the
               ends
               was
               not
               so
               exact
               ,
               being
               a
               little
               broken
               ;
               and
               the
               Christal
               in
               bulk
               hardly
               amounted
               to
               half
               the
               measure
               of
               the
               Figure
               .
            
             
               This
               Salt
               precipitated
               not
               fine
               Silver
               out
               of
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               ,
               as
               Sea-salt
               ,
               and
               our
               Rock-salt
               does
               do
               ,
               yet
               disturb'd
               not
               a
               Solution
               of
               Sublimate
               ,
               which
               Alkalies
               and
               Nitres
               do
               ,
               and
               which
               Alum
               thickens
               and
               whitens
               :
               A
               few
               drops
               of
               this
               Salt
               dissolv'd
               in
               fair
               Water
               ,
               rendred
               a
               Solution
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Saturni
              
               white
               as
               milk
               ,
               which
               Saltpetre
               does
               not
               disturb
               :
               It
               curdled
               
                 Ol.
                 Tartari
                 per
                 deliquium
              
               ,
               but
               not
               so
               strongly
               as
               Epsam
               Salt.
               The
               Salt
               inflam'd
               not
               upon
               a
               hot
               Iron
               ,
               though
               with
               Brimstone
               added
               ,
               nor
               was
               very
               fluxile
               .
            
             
               ☞
               In
               Sum
               :
               The
               Salt
               partakes
               not
               of
               either
               Alum
               or
               Sea-salt
               ,
               but
               is
               Nitrous
               ,
               not
               of
               the
               Nature
               of
               Saltpetre
               or
               its
               second
               Salt
               ,
               nor
               so
               Alkalisate
               ,
               as
               to
               discover
               it self
               in
               Sublimate
               Water
               ,
               or
               to
               give
               a
               deep
               Green
               with
               Syrup
               of
               Violets
               ,
               but
               which
               allows
               a
               mixture
               with
               
               Vitriols
               ,
               and
               is
               not
               so
               Alkalisate
               or
               full
               of
               Nitre
               as
               to
               precipitate
               ;
               but
               near
               that
               imperfect
               one
               of
               our
               common
               Earth
               ,
               and
               which
               is
               not
               so
               fix'd
               ,
               as
               to
               keep
               in
               one
               state
               or
               Solution
               of
               it
               in
               Water
               ;
               but
               hinders
               not
               ,
               if
               not
               promotes
               ,
               the
               Fermentation
               or
               intestine
               Motion
               of
               the
               Liquor
               ,
               which
               it
               clears
               by
               throwing
               up
               a
               Scum.
               For
               as
               far
               as
               appears
               to
               me
               ,
               Salts
               that
               have
               a
               Solidity
               ,
               and
               yet
               a
               disposition
               to
               Fermentation
               ,
               that
               in
               burning
               throw
               up
               a
               Scum
               rather
               than
               precipitate
               ,
               as
               the
               Salt
               of
               
                 Weal
                 ▪
              
               Water
               ,
               and
               that
               that
               stagnates
               on
               rich
               common
               Earth
               ,
               does
               among
               the
               Nitrous
               sort
               .
               It
               would
               be
               advantageous
               to
               the
               discovery
               or
               distinguishing
               of
               the
               Nature
               and
               Virtue
               of
               this
               Salt
               ,
               to
               put
               some
               up
               in
               a
               Bottle
               with
               Sack
               (
               which
               is
               a
               Wine
               that
               makes
               no
               Tartar
               )
               to
               observe
               whether
               a
               Precipitation
               would
               result
               ,
               only
               to
               Fine
               it
               ,
               or
               a
               Fermentation
               or
               disturbance
               would
               be
               renewed
               .
            
             
               The
               Propriety
               of
               this
               Water
               consists
               in
               the
               middle
               nature
               of
               the
               Salt
               ,
               which
               keeps
               thick
               with
               Galls
               ,
               as
               the
               Salts
               that
               Vitriols
               embody
               with
               effect
               ,
               which
               are
               not
               purely
               of
               the
               nature
               of
               common
               Salt
               ;
               yet
               is
               so
               familiar
               to
               Vitriol
               ,
               as
               not
               to
               disimbrace
               soon
               ;
               beside
               the
               Chalybeat
               parts
               ,
               and
               its
               less
               volatile
               Acidity
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               Chalybeat
               Purging
               Water
               of
               Woodham-Ferrys
               in
               Essex
               .
            
             
               THE
               Earth
               cast
               out
               of
               this
               Well
               contain'd
               many
               discolour'd
               Parcels
               of
               mellower
               Earth
               ,
               the
               colours
               of
               which
               were
               two
               ,
               that
               of
               Brimstone
               and
               a
               Ferrugineous
               ;
               and
               which
               yielded
               Iron
               upon
               Essay
               when
               only
               well
               wash'd
               .
               And
               as
               at
               Epsam
               these
               Veins
               attend
               the
               Selenites
               ,
               so
               the
               same
               stone
               is
               plentifully
               found
               here
               ;
               most
               of
               them
               were
               in
               one
               half
               resembling
               the
               Rhomboid
               ,
               the
               other
               had
               a
               differing
               Figure
               ,
               by
               the
               declining
               of
               the
               two
               opposite
               grand
               Planes
               ,
               till
               they
               determin'd
               at
               an
               edge
               ,
               which
               was
               Semicircular
               ,
               as
               in
               the
               Figure
               .
               In
               parcels
               of
               this
               Loam
               inclos'd
               ,
               I
               found
               great
               plenty
               of
               Vermicular
               bodies
               which
               were
               mere
               Iron
               ;
               of
               which
               Metal
               one
               
                 Tubulus
                 Marinus
              
               and
               several
               pieces
               I
               brought
               away
               with
               me
               and
               reserve
               .
               The
               stone
               or
               imperfect
               Marcasite
               ,
               which
               I
               call
               
                 Lapis
                 Lutosovitriolicus
              
               here
               ,
               had
               many
               shining
               Particles
               in
               it
               ,
               and
               consisted
               of
               Parcels
               divided
               by
               a
               thin
               Wall
               of
               Gypsum
               or
               Trichitis
               ,
               and
               precipitated
               some
               Iron
               when
               dissolved
               in
               
                 Aqua
                 fortis
              
               ,
               and
               diluted
               with
               fair
               Water
               .
            
             
               The
               Water
               was
               clear
               ,
               of
               Taste
               Chalybeat
               ,
               but
               had
               more
               of
               the
               nauseous
               sweetish
               taste
               of
               the
               Purging
               Waters
               not
               void
               of
               Bitterness
               ;
               with
               Gall
               a
               thick
               Purple
               ,
               as
               Saline
               Chalybeats
               .
               
               In
               the
               quantity
               of
               nine
               Ounces
               five
               Drams
               and
               24
               Grains
               ,
               exceeded
               common
               Water
               in
               weight
               thirteen
               Grains
               .
               It
               chang'd
               not
               the
               colour
               of
               Syrup
               of
               Violets
               ,
               it
               took
               not
               away
               the
               colour
               of
               Syrup
               of
               Cloves
               ,
               which
               Alkalies
               do
               ,
               by
               inducing
               a
               sooty
               or
               green
               ,
               and
               common
               Salt
               ,
               by
               rendring
               it
               pale
               and
               cloudy
               .
               It
               agreed
               with
               Vitriols
               and
               common
               Salt
               in
               making
               no
               alteration
               in
               a
               Solution
               of
               English
               and
               German
               Vitriol
               ,
               nor
               in
               a
               Solution
               of
               Mercury
               Sublimate
               ;
               yet
               curdled
               not
               much
               or
               large
               with
               Spirit
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Armoniack
              
               ,
               and
               less
               with
               Spirit
               of
               Harts-horn
               ;
               and
               with
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               suffer'd
               no
               alteration
               ;
               with
               Logwood
               infus'd
               a
               Purple
               ,
               but
               more
               toward
               a
               Red
               or
               Murry
               .
               Note
               ,
               I
               used
               in
               this
               Experiment
               ,
               the
               Water
               when
               boyl'd
               high
               toward
               a
               Salt.
               
            
             
               The
               Salt
               differ'd
               from
               Saltpetre
               ,
               in
               rendring
               a
               Solution
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Saturni
              
               milky
               ;
               it
               precipitated
               a
               Solution
               of
               fine
               Silver
               in
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               immediately
               as
               common
               Salt
               ,
               yet
               made
               with
               Liquid
               Salt
               of
               Tartar
               but
               a
               fine
               curdle
               ;
               with
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               a
               pale
               yellow
               ,
               and
               thick
               as
               common
               Salt
               ;
               with
               Iron
               and
               Gall
               infus'd
               ,
               a
               right
               blew
               Ink
               ,
               and
               which
               did
               not
               precipitate
               .
            
             
               The
               Kensington
               Water
               gave
               a
               more
               red
               black
               ,
               and
               which
               soon
               fell
               ;
               and
               with
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               a
               clear
               high
               yellow
               near
               an
               Orange
               .
            
             
             
               This
               Water
               of
               Woodham-Ferrys
               did
               not
               precipitate
               any
               Ferrugineous
               parts
               or
               Okar
               ,
               upon
               its
               losing
               its
               power
               of
               Tinging
               with
               Galls
               .
            
             
               Then
               the
               Water
               with
               Gall
               took
               a
               yellow
               tolerably
               clear
               ,
               but
               not
               purely
               clear
               of
               disturbance
               ,
               near
               the
               effect
               of
               common
               Salt.
               
            
             
               The
               Salt
               of
               this
               Water
               comes
               near
               common
               Salt
               (
               Bay
               Salt
               with
               Gall
               giving
               a
               reddish
               cloudiness
               )
               as
               the
               other
               a
               Vitrioline
               or
               mix'd
               one
               .
               The
               simplicity
               of
               the
               Salt
               appears
               in
               the
               colour
               and
               clearness
               with
               Gall.
               
            
             
               It
               precipitated
               a
               ruddy
               Earth
               in
               boyling
               ,
               which
               distill'd
               Vinegar
               wrought
               on
               with
               great
               Effervescence
               .
               The
               Salt
               seem'd
               of
               two
               sorts
               ,
               the
               first
               being
               hard
               ,
               not
               readily
               flowing
               in
               heat
               ,
               and
               grain'd
               ,
               and
               crackling
               a
               little
               in
               the
               Fire
               and
               leaping
               .
               Some
               flat
               shoots
               like
               Saltpetres
               Bacillis
               .
               The
               Earth
               contain'd
               in
               two
               Quarts
               ,
               was
               about
               forty
               Grains
               .
            
             
               The
               Water
               retain'd
               its
               power
               of
               Tinging
               with
               Galls
               many
               days
               in
               Glass-bottles
               only
               cork'd
               .
               It
               did
               not
               readily
               raise
               and
               bear
               a
               Scum
               in
               boyling
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               Virtues
               and
               Vse
               of
               the
               Purging
               Waters
               .
            
             
               THE
               Original
               and
               Genius
               of
               the
               Salt
               of
               these
               Waters
               being
               thus
               arrived
               at
               ,
               their
               successful
               Effects
               in
               Distempers
               ,
               and
               how
               these
               are
               agreeable
               to
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               Salt
               ,
               comes
               now
               under
               consideration
               ,
               that
               hence
               we
               may
               be
               directed
               to
               the
               right
               and
               proper
               use
               of
               them
               .
               Diseases
               or
               more
               truly
               Symptoms
               are
               so
               various
               in
               their
               Causes
               ,
               that
               ,
               without
               the
               Knowledge
               of
               these
               ,
               Observation
               and
               Experience
               it self
               will
               be
               uncertain
               and
               unserviceable
               .
               Now
               the
               Diseases
               which
               are
               observed
               to
               be
               help'd
               by
               Purging
               Waters
               ,
               as
               ill
               Concoction
               ,
               Pain
               at
               the
               Stomach
               ,
               Heart-burning
               ,
               lost
               Appetite
               ,
               Vomitings
               ,
               Cholical
               Pain
               of
               the
               Stomach
               ,
               Cholick
               ,
               
                 Iliaca
                 Passio
              
               ,
               Worms
               ,
               Nephritick
               Pain
               ,
               Gout
               ,
               Rhumatism
               ,
               Heat
               of
               Urine
               ,
               or
               Suppression
               of
               it
               ,
               Scurvy
               and
               its
               Symptoms
               ,
               as
               Itching
               ,
               Pustles
               ,
               and
               the
               like
               .
               Jaundies
               ,
               Vertigo
               ,
               Headachs
               ,
               Hysteri●k
               and
               Hypochondriacal
               Passions
               ,
               are
               all
               cured
               by
               the
               Waters
               ,
               only
               as
               they
               fall
               under
               this
               Notion
               and
               consideration
               ,
               That
               they
               proceed
               from
               a
               vitiated
               or
               delinquent
               Chyle
               ,
               and
               want
               of
               due
               Ferment
               of
               the
               parts
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               Matter
               is
               seated
               in
               the
               first
               ways
               ,
               or
               larger
               Secretory
               
               Vessels
               .
               It
               is
               so
               very
               material
               to
               observe
               this
               ,
               as
               not
               only
               to
               improve
               the
               use
               of
               them
               in
               other
               Cases
               ,
               but
               may
               likewise
               help
               us
               to
               avoid
               the
               Misfortune
               of
               the
               Empirical
               use
               of
               them
               in
               cases
               where
               they
               are
               ineffectual
               .
               Errors
               of
               which
               kind
               I
               have
               observed
               in
               the
               use
               of
               the
               Waters
               ,
               and
               indeed
               of
               all
               other
               Medicines
               ,
               as
               the
               Jesuits
               Bark
               and
               the
               like
               .
               That
               the
               Matter
               ought
               to
               be
               fit
               for
               exterminating
               ,
               I
               might
               prove
               in
               almost
               all
               the
               Distempers
               these
               are
               proper
               in
               ,
               The
               Jaundies
               are
               often
               cured
               by
               the
               Waters
               ,
               when
               they
               have
               proceeded
               from
               Melancholy
               ,
               or
               have
               been
               otherwise
               produced
               by
               the
               foulness
               of
               the
               Viscera
               ,
               or
               are
               a
               Symptom
               of
               obstructed
               Menses
               ,
               or
               a
               Plethora
               ,
               but
               when
               Essential
               ,
               can
               be
               as
               little
               expected
               to
               have
               a
               Cure
               from
               these
               Waters
               ,
               as
               when
               it
               is
               Symptomatical
               of
               a
               Feaver
               ,
               or
               a
               Venenate
               Disease
               .
               Vertigo
               again
               may
               proceed
               from
               Melancholy
               ,
               a
               flatulent
               foul
               Stomach
               ,
               or
               tough
               Flegm
               in
               the
               Blood
               ,
               as
               in
               the
               Rhumatism
               ,
               or
               from
               the
               nature
               of
               the
               Salt
               of
               the
               Blood
               ,
               as
               in
               Scurvies
               ,
               and
               in
               that
               Crasis
               which
               attends
               Women
               chiefly
               at
               the
               grand
               Climacterick
               of
               50
               ,
               or
               from
               a
               Plethora
               ,
               and
               so
               may
               be
               subject
               to
               the
               reach
               of
               these
               Waters
               ;
               else
               in
               Cephalick
               Distempers
               ,
               such
               as
               Apoplexies
               ,
               Dispositions
               to
               Lethargies
               ,
               Palsies
               ,
               and
               even
               in
               Dropsies
               ,
               Purging
               Waters
               in
               a
               general
               consideration
               ,
               can
               never
               be
               supposed
               to
               be
               applicable
               .
               
               From
               the
               same
               Chylous
               Recrements
               ,
               Convulsions
               often
               take
               origine
               ,
               and
               may
               have
               place
               among
               Cures
               of
               this
               kind
               ,
               and
               Pains
               in
               the
               Head
               ,
               but
               ought
               to
               be
               mark'd
               with
               the
               same
               Proviso
               .
               Accordingly
               Cautions
               against
               the
               use
               of
               them
               in
               a
               Chlorosis
               ,
               Feavers
               ,
               
                 Cholera
                 morbus
              
               ,
               and
               Suppression
               of
               Urine
               from
               Stone
               or
               confirm'd
               Obstruction
               ,
               our
               Reason
               readily
               suggests
               ;
               which
               too
               forbids
               the
               use
               of
               them
               in
               Women
               with
               Child
               .
            
             
               The
               Qualifications
               that
               give
               these
               Waters
               an
               extraordinary
               capacity
               for
               these
               Cures
               ,
               are
               their
               Acidity
               agreeable
               to
               that
               of
               the
               Stomach
               ,
               and
               which
               indeed
               is
               Vitrioline
               ,
               their
               abstersive
               Salt
               ,
               of
               a
               middle
               nature
               between
               Vitriol
               and
               Nitre
               ,
               quantity
               of
               Liquor
               ,
               and
               not
               only
               their
               Purgin
               ,
               but
               as
               it
               is
               easie
               without
               Sickness
               or
               Griping
               ,
               or
               other
               flatulent
               Disturbances
               raised
               usually
               by
               other
               Purgers
               ,
               and
               which
               hinder
               those
               calm
               Effects
               that
               are
               necessary
               to
               the
               relief
               of
               some
               Distempers
               ;
               to
               which
               some
               would
               add
               Coldness
               ,
               and
               agreeable
               bitterness
               ,
               but
               this
               holds
               not
               in
               all
               .
               From
               all
               which
               we
               may
               reasonably
               expect
               success
               ,
               when
               a
               preternatural
               Salt
               is
               to
               be
               wash'd
               away
               ,
               the
               Ferment
               of
               the
               Stomach
               to
               be
               restored
               ,
               Viscera
               to
               be
               cleansed
               ,
               or
               cooling
               is
               necessary
               .
               Indeed
               the
               Purging
               Waters
               ,
               or
               their
               Salts
               ,
               are
               much
               the
               finest
               Purgers
               in
               Nature
               ,
               and
               in
               many
               of
               the
               preceding
               
               Cases
               often
               perform
               Cures
               alone
               .
               They
               are
               the
               best
               Preparatives
               to
               the
               Chalybeat
               Waters
               ,
               and
               the
               only
               Purge
               proper
               to
               intervene
               in
               the
               use
               of
               them
               ,
               where
               Purging
               is
               expedient
               ,
               because
               these
               do
               it
               without
               disorder
               ,
               and
               are
               of
               like
               nature
               .
               Of
               what
               general
               use
               these
               Qualities
               make
               this
               Purge
               ,
               I
               need
               not
               discourse
               ,
               especially
               for
               prevention
               ,
               since
               so
               near
               all
               Diseases
               are
               owing
               to
               the
               Vice
               of
               the
               Stomach
               ,
               or
               Recrements
               of
               the
               Chyle
               .
               But
               besides
               this
               general
               nature
               of
               the
               Salt
               of
               these
               Waters
               ,
               it
               is
               found
               of
               some
               Specifick
               Qualities
               in
               many
               of
               them
               ,
               which
               frequently
               differ
               from
               each
               other
               ,
               and
               to
               have
               distinct
               Virtues
               accordingly
               .
               That
               besides
               the
               Purging
               Quality
               ,
               and
               what
               that
               can
               contribute
               ,
               there
               is
               so
               much
               in
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               Salt
               ,
               as
               may
               give
               the
               Waters
               the
               force
               of
               a
               Medicine
               ,
               may
               be
               very
               easily
               believ'd
               by
               any
               who
               will
               consider
               of
               what
               Energy
               the
               Qualities
               are
               ,
               that
               these
               Salts
               differ
               in
               .
               The
               second
               part
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Marine
              
               is
               known
               by
               Sea-men
               to
               produce
               the
               Scurvy
               ,
               and
               a
               Salt
               nearly
               affine
               to
               Nitre
               the
               Itch.
               It
               is
               known
               that
               Nitre
               and
               Vitrioline
               or
               common
               Salt
               precipitate
               each
               other
               ,
               and
               must
               be
               allow'd
               to
               do
               as
               much
               in
               the
               Body
               ,
               and
               may
               be
               observed
               in
               the
               reason
               of
               the
               different
               Cures
               wrought
               by
               these
               Waters
               .
               Alkalisate
               Salts
               and
               Nitrous
               ,
               produce
               a
               fluor
               of
               the
               Blood
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               present
               State
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               
               which
               I
               intimated
               to
               be
               Nitrous
               or
               Alkalisate
               ,
               I
               have
               found
               Fluxes
               frequent
               I
               mean
               Sanguinary
               ,
               and
               have
               as
               certainly
               found
               Chalybeats
               and
               Vitrioline
               Salts
               effectual
               ,
               and
               observed
               
                 Sal
                 Prunellae
              
               to
               increase
               them
               ,
               when
               used
               by
               the
               less
               thinking
               Administrer
               .
            
             
               You
               may
               observe
               in
               Lambeth
               Water
               a
               common
               Salt
               ,
               without
               the
               severe
               Coagulum
               which
               accounts
               for
               the
               Virtues
               .
               In
               Weal
               a
               particularly
               opposite
               Nitrous
               one
               .
               In
               Kensington
               near
               a
               Saltpetre
               .
               In
               Dullwich
               a
               Salt
               related
               to
               common
               Salt
               ,
               but
               very
               penetrative
               and
               fluxile
               ,
               fit
               to
               command
               a
               Stubborn
               Antagonist
               ,
               but
               mischievous
               to
               a
               tender
               and
               over-heat
               Body
               ,
               and
               accordingly
               I
               have
               observed
               it
               .
               I
               might
               go
               through
               all
               the
               Waters
               .
               The
               good
               Effects
               of
               the
               Chalybeat
               Purgers
               in
               Asthma's
               ,
               a
               Dropsie
               make
               them
               a
               Peculiar
               over
               and
               above
               what
               their
               Salt
               would
               .
            
             
               And
               in
               Salts
               of
               the
               same
               nature
               as
               Nitres
               ,
               some
               we
               shall
               here
               find
               of
               a
               more
               open
               nature
               ,
               approaching
               a
               calcarious
               one
               ,
               and
               so
               more
               apt
               to
               correct
               Acidities
               in
               the
               first
               ways
               ,
               some
               more
               lock'd
               ,
               and
               so
               fit
               to
               reach
               them
               when
               digested
               and
               remote
               .
               In
               Weal
               Water
               I
               find
               an
               Alkaly
               joyn'd
               with
               a
               severe
               coagulating
               Acid
               ,
               the
               first
               raising
               the
               Floridness
               of
               the
               Blood
               ,
               the
               last
               apt
               to
               fix
               the
               Humour
               and
               obstruct
               ;
               and
               may
               have
               a
               good
               use
               to
               those
               Complexions
               that
               need
               both
               these
               Qualities
               ,
               as
               those
               do
               that
               are
               pale
               and
               inclinable
               
               to
               be
               loose
               body'd
               .
               And
               although
               in
               passing
               of
               right
               Judgment
               ,
               the
               Consideration
               of
               the
               Constitution
               and
               Complexion
               of
               the
               Patient
               is
               necessary
               ,
               and
               as
               Tunbridge
               Water
               doth
               in
               some
               provoke
               the
               Menses
               ,
               in
               some
               stop
               them
               ,
               so
               this
               Water
               might
               produce
               the
               Obstruction
               before
               named
               in
               a
               Person
               of
               a
               Sanguine
               Complexion
               on
               that
               account
               ,
               which
               is
               a
               natural
               Effect
               of
               a
               Plethora
               ;
               yet
               it
               must
               be
               allowed
               to
               be
               but
               answerable
               to
               the
               Quality
               of
               the
               Salt.
               Epsam
               Salt
               hath
               a
               Qualification
               of
               softness
               to
               penetrate
               farther
               than
               others
               without
               Obstruction
               ,
               of
               the
               nature
               of
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               ,
               and
               so
               can
               both
               incide
               and
               mellow
               what
               it
               meets
               with
               .
               The
               searching
               Quality
               of
               this
               Salt
               ,
               I
               have
               known
               universally
               complain'd
               of
               ,
               as
               raking
               and
               so
               heating
               by
               lean
               Persons
               ,
               both
               Men
               and
               Women
               ,
               but
               upon
               the
               same
               reason
               it
               is
               the
               most
               extraordinary
               Purge
               for
               grosser
               Bodies
               .
               To
               know
               rightly
               the
               Intentions
               these
               Salts
               satisfie
               ,
               requires
               a
               good
               Understanding
               of
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               Disease
               ,
               which
               here
               cannot
               be
               insisted
               upon
               ,
               only
               I
               shall
               give
               you
               one
               Instance
               in
               the
               Use
               of
               Epsam
               Water
               in
               Melancholy
               ,
               whether
               natural
               Melancholy
               be
               not
               produced
               by
               the
               Formation
               of
               the
               Vessels
               and
               Complication
               ,
               rather
               than
               by
               the
               nature
               of
               the
               Juyces
               ,
               I
               dispute
               not
               ,
               nor
               how
               the
               Brain
               is
               concerned
               :
               The
               Disease
               effectively
               demonstrates
               it self
               to
               consist
               in
               the
               due
               Separation
               or
               discharge
               
               of
               the
               Excrements
               of
               the
               Body
               hindered
               ,
               and
               through
               want
               of
               that
               Salt
               that
               should
               be
               separated
               with
               them
               to
               promote
               their
               Expulsion
               ,
               whence
               their
               Spittle
               is
               fresh
               and
               stinking
               ,
               their
               Body
               bound
               ,
               and
               which
               is
               perhaps
               the
               Original
               of
               all
               this
               ,
               the
               Blood
               allows
               not
               of
               a
               due
               Separation
               of
               Choler
               ,
               and
               other
               parts
               that
               Nature
               alots
               to
               be
               amended
               .
               In
               all
               these
               Intentions
               Epsam
               Water
               or
               Salt
               recommends
               it self
               by
               its
               calcarious
               Salt
               ,
               to
               advance
               the
               Heat
               and
               florid
               State
               of
               the
               Blood
               ,
               and
               mix
               with
               it
               ;
               by
               its
               Acidity
               to
               penetrate
               and
               incide
               ,
               yet
               not
               of
               power
               to
               precipitate
               and
               harden
               ;
               but
               above
               all
               by
               its
               Softness
               and
               Liquibility
               in
               Heat
               or
               Moisture
               ,
               it
               is
               disposed
               not
               only
               to
               cleanse
               ,
               but
               to
               render
               the
               Blood
               fluid
               and
               mellow
               ,
               and
               leave
               the
               Vessels
               lax
               .
               And
               that
               I
               am
               right
               here
               ,
               and
               not
               wide
               from
               Experience
               ,
               it
               may
               be
               proper
               to
               inform
               the
               Reader
               ,
               that
               I
               have
               known
               this
               Disease
               cured
               by
               this
               Water
               only
               ,
               in
               those
               Persons
               who
               have
               taken
               the
               other
               Waters
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               other
               Medicines
               ,
               ineffectually
               .
            
             
               And
               as
               Nitrous
               or
               Alkalisate
               Salts
               raise
               the
               Fermentation
               of
               the
               Blood
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               same
               Effect
               which
               they
               have
               on
               Liquors
               ,
               so
               Acids
               correct
               and
               suppress
               it
               :
               The
               Effect
               of
               one
               is
               ever
               discernable
               by
               flushing
               Heats
               ,
               and
               the
               happy
               Effects
               they
               have
               in
               Malignant
               Feavers
               ,
               and
               the
               power
               of
               the
               last
               in
               correcting
               the
               Heat
               of
               the
               Blood
               ,
               and
               putting
               the
               Salt
               
               in
               condition
               for
               a
               Discharge
               ,
               is
               evident
               in
               the
               use
               of
               Acids
               ,
               in
               those
               Feavers
               that
               are
               attended
               with
               Exanthemata
               .
               And
               this
               I
               mention
               ,
               because
               in
               the
               Choice
               of
               a
               Purging
               Water
               for
               Prevention
               of
               Sickness
               as
               they
               are
               often
               drank
               ,
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               Feaver
               on
               foot
               ought
               to
               be
               consider'd
               .
               I
               wave
               that
               ,
               and
               proceed
               to
               the
               Classes
               of
               the
               Waters
               ,
               and
               their
               several
               Virtues
               .
            
             
               The
               Waters
               agree
               in
               general
               to
               create
               or
               restore
               an
               Appetite
               ,
               suppress
               Wind
               ,
               and
               relieve
               Hypo●hondriacism
               .
               But
               the
               Virtues
               that
               result
               from
               their
               Specifick
               Nature
               ,
               both
               from
               my
               Judgment
               and
               Experience
               in
               many
               of
               them
               ,
               stand
               thus
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               A
               Water
               containing
               a
               Salt
               ,
               somewhat
               of
               the
               Nature
               of
               Salt
               of
               Chalk
               ,
               but
               more
               resembling
               the
               Spirit
               than
               body
               of
               Nitre
               ,
               and
               not
               corrosive
               .
               Of
               this
               kind
               is
               Epsam
               ,
               whose
               Salt
               is
               unfigur'd
               or
               ungrain'd
               ,
               and
               melts
               in
               the
               warmth
               of
               a
               hand
               .
               The
               Cases
               a
               Salt
               of
               this
               Nature
               is
               adequate
               to
               ,
               are
               Melancholy
               ,
               Cholicks
               and
               Cholical
               Pains
               in
               the
               Stomach
               ,
               Obstructions
               of
               the
               Glands
               ,
               and
               accordingly
               Heart-burning
               ,
               Pains
               in
               the
               Sides
               ,
               and
               any
               parts
               of
               the
               Body
               ,
               if
               not
               too
               confirm'd
               ,
               Scurvy
               ,
               Vertigo
               ;
               it
               cleanses
               gross
               Bodies
               ,
               and
               safely
               lessens
               Fatness
               ;
               relieves
               Redness
               of
               the
               Face
               ;
               relaxes
               a
               costive
               Disposition
               ;
               
               and
               cleanses
               the
               Kidneys
               ,
               and
               perhaps
               in
               Ulcers
               of
               the
               Kidneys
               ,
               or
               other
               parts
               ,
               may
               fitly
               precede
               Chalybeats
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               A
               Water
               more
               calcarious
               ,
               and
               whose
               Salt
               is
               more
               of
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               Nitre
               of
               the
               Earth
               than
               of
               the
               Spirit
               ;
               such
               are
               
                 Acton
                 ,
                 Barnet
              
               and
               Stretham
               Waters
               ,
               these
               I
               judge
               proper
               in
               the
               Stone
               ,
               Gout
               ,
               Diseases
               of
               the
               Lungs
               without
               Inflammation
               ,
               and
               for
               Heart-burning
               ;
               and
               where-ever
               the
               Intention
               of
               Sweetning
               the
               Blood
               is
               required
               ,
               or
               raising
               the
               warmth
               and
               heat
               of
               it
               ,
               this
               may
               be
               a
               suitable
               Purge
               ;
               and
               are
               good
               in
               Melancholy
               ,
               wherein
               Acton
               claims
               the
               next
               place
               to
               Epsam
               :
               They
               restore
               a
               good
               Colour
               to
               the
               Face
               ,
               and
               remove
               or
               cure
               the
               falling
               away
               of
               the
               Flesh
               ,
               and
               promote
               Fatning
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               A
               Water
               whose
               Salt
               is
               Alkalisate
               ,
               and
               resembles
               Salt
               of
               Tartar
               ,
               and
               the
               Sulphurous
               Salts
               of
               Vegetables
               ,
               though
               not
               perfectly
               ;
               and
               as
               is
               Vpminster
               ,
               may
               be
               supposed
               to
               have
               the
               power
               of
               sweetning
               Acidities
               in
               remoter
               parts
               of
               the
               Body
               ,
               strengthens
               the
               Stomach
               ,
               checks
               Vomiting
               ,
               and
               where
               Alkalies
               suit
               ,
               is
               a
               good
               Diuretick
               ,
               and
               is
               a
               proper
               Purge
               where
               the
               Body
               has
               a
               Disposition
               to
               Agues
               or
               Dropsies
               ,
               only
               here
               the
               Salt
               is
               preferable
               to
               the
               Water
               ,
               as
               it
               may
               be
               taken
               in
               a
               more
               proper
               Vehicle
               .
            
             
             
             
             
             
             
               4.
               
               A
               Salt
               Alkalisate
               ,
               with
               a
               very
               hard
               coagulating
               Acidity
               ,
               namely
               ,
               Brentwood-weal
               ,
               hath
               the
               advantage
               of
               an
               Alkaly
               to
               sweeten
               the
               Blood
               ,
               but
               with
               Astriction
               ,
               it
               increases
               flushing
               Heats
               ,
               Scurfyness
               ,
               and
               Leprous
               Humours
               ,
               but
               is
               beneficial
               in
               any
               Fluxes
               through
               Coldness
               and
               Weakness
               ,
               and
               to
               the
               Hypochondriacal
               ,
               whose
               natural
               Temper
               is
               such
               ;
               checks
               the
               Catamenia
               ,
               and
               may
               be
               good
               to
               prevent
               Abortion
               ,
               back'd
               with
               Chalybeats
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               A
               Salt
               Alkalisate
               approaching
               a
               Saltpetre
               ,
               is
               that
               of
               the
               Water
               of
               Kensington
               ,
               the
               Virtues
               of
               an
               Alkaly
               appear
               before
               ;
               as
               relating
               to
               Saltpetre
               ,
               it
               may
               be
               more
               Diuretick
               ,
               it
               tempers
               Choler
               ,
               allays
               Thirst
               ,
               suppresseth
               inflammatory
               and
               putrid
               Heat
               ,
               and
               easeth
               Pain
               .
               The
               Earth
               contained
               in
               this
               Water
               ,
               is
               so
               much
               in
               quantity
               ,
               and
               the
               leafy
               hard
               parts
               so
               many
               ,
               that
               I
               should
               think
               the
               Salt
               of
               this
               Water
               to
               be
               preferable
               to
               the
               Water
               it self
               .
               Or
               else
               the
               Water
               ought
               to
               be
               boyl'd
               till
               half
               be
               evaporated
               ,
               and
               then
               depurated
               by
               suffering
               the
               grosser
               parts
               to
               subside
               .
            
             
               All
               the
               Waters
               following
               partake
               of
               the
               Nature
               of
               a
               Vitrioline
               or
               common
               Salt
               ,
               or
               Sea-salt
               ,
               and
               so
               resist
               Putrifaction
               ,
               make
               a
               strong
               Concoction
               ,
               are
               proper
               in
               Worms
               ,
               may
               cure
               a
               Jaundies
               when
               it
               comes
               upon
               a
               Colick
               ,
               mortifie
               Scabs
               ,
               and
               remove
               Scurfyness
               ,
               
               and
               kill
               several
               Humours
               ,
               as
               Tetters
               and
               the
               like
               Eruptions
               ;
               their
               particular
               Natures
               are
               as
               follow
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               Waters
               which
               bear
               a
               Salt
               related
               to
               common
               Salt
               ,
               but
               clear
               of
               the
               Muriatick
               part
               ,
               are
               Alford
               in
               Somersetshire
               ,
               and
               Colchester
               .
               To
               restore
               an
               Appetite
               ,
               for
               Worms
               and
               mortifying
               Eruptions
               ,
               and
               
                 Hypochondriack
                 Flatus
              
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               A
               Salt
               more
               fully
               of
               the
               Nature
               of
               common
               or
               Sea
               salt
               ,
               in
               its
               power
               of
               mortifying
               preternatural
               Salts
               in
               the
               Body
               ,
               without
               the
               severity
               of
               coagulating
               ,
               is
               found
               in
               Lambeth
               Waters
               ,
               whereof
               the
               nearest
               Well
               is
               the
               most
               perfect
               .
               The
               Virtues
               see
               in
               the
               Examination
               of
               that
               Water
               .
               Only
               observe
               that
               these
               are
               used
               outwardly
               as
               well
               as
               inwardly
               .
            
             
               8.
               
               A
               Salt
               of
               the
               Nature
               of
               that
               part
               of
               common
               Salt
               which
               Christallizes
               in
               the
               cold
               ,
               is
               found
               in
               North-Hall
               Water
               ,
               and
               may
               be
               beneficial
               in
               the
               Scurvy
               ,
               beyond
               any
               others
               ,
               as
               likewise
               in
               Rhumatisms
               ,
               and
               in
               what
               cases
               soever
               that
               are
               attended
               with
               Putrefaction
               .
            
             
               9.
               
               A
               Salt
               of
               the
               Nature
               of
               common
               or
               Sea-salt
               ,
               yet
               not
               having
               an
               Acidity
               agreeing
               with
               Iron
               ,
               but
               Fluxile
               ,
               Penetrative
               and
               
               Marcasitical
               ,
               is
               that
               of
               Dullwich
               ;
               it
               mortifieth
               Scabby
               Humours
               ,
               and
               such
               as
               are
               the
               Effects
               of
               Luxury
               ,
               but
               promotes
               the
               Flux
               of
               the
               Menses
               and
               Haemo●rhoids
               .
               These
               require
               regular
               Drinking
               ,
               work
               very
               m●ch
               ,
               and
               that
               churlishly
               on
               those
               that
               either
               Drinking
               or
               Walking
               hath
               put
               out
               of
               Temper
               .
            
             
               10.
               
               Salt
               of
               the
               Nature
               of
               Salt
               of
               English
               Vitriol
               ,
               that
               is
               of
               Iron
               ,
               and
               seem
               a
               result
               of
               the
               uniting
               of
               Vitriol
               and
               Nitre
               ,
               or
               Salt
               of
               common
               Earth
               ,
               whose
               Characteristick
               is
               to
               give
               a
               white
               clouded
               Liquor
               with
               Gall
               ,
               and
               not
               so
               high
               a
               colour
               with
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               as
               Alkalies
               give
               :
               This
               is
               the
               Salt
               of
               Richmond
               Water
               ,
               and
               the
               two
               Chalybeats
               ,
               and
               recommends
               the
               Use
               of
               these
               Waters
               ,
               in
               the
               Cure
               of
               Scurfs
               ,
               is
               most
               safe
               in
               Dropsies
               ,
               in
               Ulcers
               in
               any
               part
               ;
               in
               Hypochondriacal
               Cases
               exceed
               the
               rest
               :
               And
               the
               benefit
               of
               a
               Purging
               Water
               that
               is
               Chalybeat
               is
               extraordinary
               great
               ,
               it
               not
               only
               answering
               the
               design
               of
               both
               Waters
               ,
               but
               under
               the
               consideration
               of
               a
               Purging
               Water
               ,
               is
               made
               thereby
               specifically
               proper
               in
               Asthma's
               and
               beginning
               Dropsies
               ,
               and
               without
               which
               Qualification
               ,
               it
               could
               be
               administred
               neither
               so
               safely
               ,
               nor
               with
               so
               good
               Effect
               .
            
             
             
               According
               to
               my
               Method
               before
               ,
               I
               shall
               deliver
               the
               Virtues
               of
               the
               Chalybeat
               Purging
               Waters
               ,
               from
               Observation
               of
               the
               Learned
               Dr.
               Witty
               at
               the
               Spring
               at
               Scarbourgh
               ,
               the
               happy
               Successes
               of
               which
               make
               him
               lift
               it
               above
               all
               the
               Waters
               in
               Europe
               ;
               he
               recommends
               in
               it
               these
               Qualities
               ,
               
                 Crassos
                 lentosque
                 humores
                 attenuat
                 incidit
                 ,
                 &
                 dissolvit
                 in
                 Ventriculo
                 ,
                 Mesenterio
                 ,
                 Intestinis
                 ,
                 Renibus
                 &
                 Vesicâ
                 ;
                 diluendi
                 item
                 &
                 detergendi
                 virtutem
                 nacta
                 ,
                 eos
                 per
                 Vesicam
                 &
                 intestina
                 promptissimè
                 expellit
                 ,
                 prout
                 ab
                 eorum
                 positione
                 videantur
                 magis
                 inclinari
                 .
              
               And
               presently
               names
               the
               
                 Venae
                 lacteae
              
               ,
               the
               Portae
               and
               Liver
               ;
               and
               he
               makes
               a
               Remark
               at
               the
               Diuretick
               Quality
               ,
               that
               notwithstanding
               two
               thirds
               presently
               run
               off
               by
               Urine
               ,
               it
               purges
               so
               much
               ,
               and
               at
               both
               in
               their
               lessening
               the
               bulk
               and
               weight
               of
               the
               Body
               .
               He
               enters
               his
               Observations
               with
               a
               Cure
               of
               a
               Scurvy
               ,
               attended
               among
               other
               Symptoms
               with
               Pains
               in
               the
               Joynts
               ,
               and
               difficulty
               of
               Breathing
               ;
               and
               of
               a
               Gout
               in
               the
               same
               Gentleman
               ,
               so
               considerable
               abated
               by
               it
               ,
               that
               in
               a
               Letter
               he
               there
               acknowledges
               ,
               he
               never
               after
               that
               suffered
               any
               Symptom
               of
               moment
               .
            
             
               The
               Diseases
               further
               recorded
               by
               Dr.
               Witty
               to
               have
               been
               cured
               by
               the
               same
               Water
               ,
               and
               of
               which
               he
               produceth
               instances
               ,
               are
               ,
               diverse
               Distempers
               of
               the
               Head
               ,
               chiefly
               arising
               from
               
               the
               consent
               of
               the
               Stomach
               and
               Hypochondries
               ,
               Affections
               of
               the
               Nerves
               ,
               and
               Spasm
               ,
               vellicating
               the
               Coats
               and
               Nerves
               of
               the
               Stomach
               ;
               or
               caused
               by
               Worms
               or
               sharp
               and
               bilious
               Humours
               .
               Palsies
               that
               from
               their
               accompanying
               Scurvy
               are
               called
               Scorbutick
               .
            
             
               A
               Vertigo
               assaulting
               upon
               the
               least
               motion
               or
               heating
               of
               the
               Body
               .
            
             
               A
               Vertigo
               with
               a
               Cold
               Sweat
               ,
               intermitting
               Pulse
               ,
               and
               Stiffness
               of
               the
               Neck
               remaining
               after
               the
               Cure
               of
               a
               
                 Spasmus
                 Cynicus
              
               ,
               and
               which
               he
               judg'd
               to
               be
               Scorbutical
               .
            
             
               A
               Spontaneous
               Weariness
               and
               Weakness
               of
               the
               Nerves
               ,
               especially
               upon
               going
               forth
               in
               Cold
               Weather
               ,
               remaining
               after
               the
               Cure
               of
               a
               Scorbutick
               Palsie
               ,
               that
               at
               first
               had
               seiz'd
               the
               Patient
               upon
               a
               Journey
               ,
               and
               taken
               away
               Reason
               ,
               Sight
               ,
               Strength
               and
               Motion
               .
            
             
               An
               Epilepsie
               from
               a
               hot
               Vapour
               which
               the
               Patient
               felt
               to
               rise
               from
               the
               Hypochondries
               ,
               and
               suddenly
               to
               strike
               his
               Head
               and
               Joynts
               ,
               and
               which
               had
               frustrated
               many
               Remedies
               .
            
             
               In
               Stoppages
               of
               the
               Breast
               he
               observed
               it
               to
               promote
               Expectorating
               ,
               Spontaneous
               Weariness
               ,
               and
               Difficulty
               or
               Shortness
               of
               Breath
               .
            
             
               A
               Phthisical
               Asthma
               ,
               that
               suffered
               not
               the
               Patient
               to
               lye
               down
               ,
               or
               sleep
               ,
               or
               keep
               his
               Food
               ,
               and
               scarce
               allow'd
               him
               to
               drink
               ,
               
               mended
               in
               ten
               days
               time
               ,
               and
               at
               last
               cured
               ,
               so
               as
               to
               recover
               his
               Flesh
               ,
               and
               vanquish
               the
               Symptoms
               .
            
             
               An
               Obstinate
               Catarrh
               .
            
             
               Gout
               ,
               a
               Fit
               of
               which
               he
               freed
               himself
               from
               by
               drinking
               the
               Waters
               two
               days
               ,
               as
               soon
               as
               he
               felt
               it
               certainly
               coming
               ;
               in
               which
               too
               he
               practised
               Bathing
               in
               Salt
               Water
               ,
               and
               Sweating
               upon
               it
               .
            
             
               In
               morbis
               Ventriculi
               ,
               Anorexia
               ,
               Cardialgia
               ,
               Eructatione
               perpetua
               ,
               Nauseâ
               ,
               &
               Singultu
               .
            
             
               Hypochondria●ism
               ,
               with
               Pains
               of
               the
               Stomach
               after
               eating
               Flesh
               ,
               Distention
               and
               Hardness
               of
               the
               Stomach
               and
               Torsions
               of
               his
               right
               side
               in
               one
               Patient
               ;
               and
               with
               a
               joyn'd
               Pain
               of
               Back
               and
               Stomach
               ,
               with
               a
               Schirrous
               Tension
               of
               the
               Ventricle
               and
               Liver
               ,
               continual
               Disposition
               to
               Vomit
               ,
               and
               a
               Jaundies
               supervening
               every
               Fit
               ,
               in
               another
               Patient
               ,
               who
               could
               not
               lye
               on
               the
               right
               side
               ,
               nor
               bear
               the
               Region
               of
               the
               Liver
               to
               be
               touch'd
               .
            
             
               Oppilations
               of
               the
               Mesentery
               ,
               Liver
               and
               Spleen
               ,
               preventing
               a
               Dropsie
               .
            
             
               Another
               instance
               of
               its
               power
               in
               reducing
               the
               Belly
               after
               Child-birth
               ,
               which
               remained
               Tumid
               .
            
             
               Scurvy
               ,
               Hypochondriack
               Melancholy
               ,
               and
               Worms
               ;
               Fluxes
               Dysenterick
               and
               Lienterick
               .
               Hot
               Intemper
               of
               the
               Kidneys
               ,
               in
               wearing
               a
               new
               Stone
               ,
               and
               expelling
               it
               with
               the
               Tartareous
               Matter
               .
               Also
               in
               a
               fresh
               
                 Lues
                 
                 Venerea
              
               safely
               and
               quickly
               stopping
               a
               Gonorrhaea
               ,
               and
               carrying
               off
               the
               Relicks
               ,
               after
               the
               Cure
               of
               an
               old
               one
               .
            
             
               In
               Morbis
               uterinis
               &
               Suffocatione
               Matricis
               ,
               Chlorosi
               ,
               Fluore
               albo
               Mensium
               fluxu
               inordinato
               .
               Abortionem
               praevertit
               &
               conceptionem
               promovet
               .
               
                 And
                 strengthens
                 the
                 Natural
                 Parts
              
               .
            
             
               I
               affix
               this
               Register
               exactly
               ,
               because
               when
               so
               nicely
               done
               ,
               is
               the
               only
               true
               way
               of
               adjusting
               their
               Virtues
               ;
               and
               is
               so
               much
               the
               more
               useful
               ,
               as
               it
               is
               equally
               applicable
               to
               Scarbourgh
               and
               Woodham-Ferrys
               ,
               which
               are
               both
               the
               same
               .
            
             
               Rule
               of
               Drinking
               these
               Waters
               in
               general
               ,
               is
               the
               same
               which
               the
               Chalybeats
               require
               ,
               viz.
               Chearfulness
               and
               Exercise
               ,
               and
               a
               mild
               Diet
               ,
               they
               are
               not
               to
               be
               slept
               upon
               without
               danger
               ,
               nor
               doth
               the
               benefit
               of
               them
               consist
               with
               a
               Temper
               disordered
               by
               Drinking
               ,
               either
               in
               the
               use
               of
               them
               ,
               or
               immediately
               before
               .
            
             
               The
               Repetition
               of
               drinking
               Purging
               Waters
               three
               or
               four
               times
               ,
               sufficiently
               answers
               the
               general
               Design
               of
               washing
               the
               Body
               ,
               though
               the
               more
               stubborn
               disorders
               of
               some
               Bodies
               ,
               make
               a
               longer
               use
               of
               them
               necessary
               .
               But
               when
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               Distemper
               ,
               or
               its
               Obstinacy
               ,
               require
               the
               use
               of
               them
               specifically
               ,
               
               they
               ought
               to
               be
               continued
               as
               other
               Remedies
               for
               many
               Weeks
               ,
               though
               with
               Intermissions
               at
               Discretion
               .
            
             
               The
               Use
               of
               the
               Salts
               of
               the
               Purging
               Waters
               is
               very
               advantageous
               for
               Persons
               that
               are
               distanced
               from
               them
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Winter
               ,
               especially
               in
               cases
               wherein
               the
               Milk
               ,
               which
               is
               usually
               added
               to
               make
               them
               agreeable
               by
               turning
               them
               into
               Posset
               clarified
               ,
               is
               not
               allowable
               ,
               as
               in
               Itches
               and
               Salt
               Eruptions
               .
               The
               Use
               of
               which
               both
               in
               Glysters
               and
               Purges
               ,
               when
               dissolved
               in
               Water
               ,
               or
               convenient
               Apozems
               ,
               is
               most
               kindly
               ,
               and
               may
               be
               properly
               applied
               ,
               as
               the
               Learned
               Dr.
               Grew
               hath
               introduced
               it
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Some
               Observations
               on
               the
               Bath
               Water
               in
               Somersetshire
               .
            
             
               THE
               smallness
               of
               the
               Quantity
               of
               the
               Bath
               Water
               ,
               which
               I
               could
               procure
               at
               so
               great
               a
               distance
               ,
               did
               not
               allow
               me
               Scope
               to
               try
               the
               earthy
               and
               Saline
               parts
               collectible
               by
               Evaporation
               .
               The
               Water
               was
               clear
               ,
               and
               coldish
               to
               taste
               ,
               not
               wide
               of
               the
               taste
               of
               common
               Water
               .
               It
               did
               not
               gild
               Silver
               ,
               or
               make
               it
               yellow
               ,
               as
               it
               doth
               at
               the
               Spring
               .
               I
               could
               discover
               little
               Alkalisate
               in
               it
               :
               It
               thickned
               and
               became
               milky
               with
               Oyl
               of
               Tartar
               and
               curdled
               :
               It
               did
               not
               precipitate
               Sublimate
               dissolved
               in
               common
               Water
               considerably
               ,
               which
               upon
               standing
               some
               time
               became
               only
               a
               very
               little
               whitish
               .
               The
               Salt
               contained
               in
               this
               Water
               ,
               appeared
               fully
               to
               be
               Saltpetre
               ,
               in
               that
               it
               did
               not
               the
               least
               disturb
               a
               Solution
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Saturni
              
               in
               fair
               Water
               ;
               but
               shewed
               a
               little
               of
               the
               Nature
               of
               common
               Sa
               it
               more
               than
               Saltpetre
               hath
               ,
               in
               giving
               a
               pale
               yellow
               with
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               with
               a
               dark
               cloud
               which
               settled
               ;
               and
               in
               taking
               a
               dull
               Ale
               colour
               ,
               not
               fine
               with
               Tincture
               of
               Logwood
               ,
               the
               red
               it
               took
               languish'd
               more
               and
               more
               :
               And
               in
               precipitating
               a
               Solution
               of
               fine
               Silver
               out
               of
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               in
               a
               hardish
               Curd
               ,
               more
               than
               Saltpetre
               doth
               .
            
             
             
               Those
               that
               know
               the
               Nature
               of
               both
               Salt-petre
               and
               Sulphur
               ,
               which
               are
               the
               Principles
               that
               impregnate
               this
               Water
               ,
               must
               allow
               them
               to
               be
               produced
               by
               the
               heat
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               and
               not
               to
               be
               the
               cause
               of
               it
               .
               If
               we
               enquire
               into
               the
               Cause
               and
               Original
               of
               this
               Heat
               ,
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               Salt
               evidenceth
               it
               not
               to
               be
               produced
               by
               any
               calcarious
               Quarry
               ,
               nor
               the
               Effervescence
               of
               contrary
               Salts
               and
               Acids
               :
               Subterranean
               Fire
               is
               groundless
               ,
               and
               hath
               invincible
               Absurdities
               ;
               it
               may
               reasonably
               be
               supposed
               to
               be
               maintained
               by
               the
               Heat
               of
               the
               Earth
               ;
               for
               as
               a
               considerable
               Heat
               is
               required
               to
               the
               Concoction
               and
               Preparation
               of
               Metals
               ,
               and
               is
               sensibly
               proved
               in
               the
               Mine-chambers
               ;
               so
               that
               Crust
               of
               dead
               loamy
               Earth
               that
               assists
               to
               maintain
               it
               ,
               separates
               it
               from
               us
               ;
               and
               though
               we
               find
               no
               such
               extraordinary
               Heat
               ,
               yet
               the
               Heat
               of
               the
               Mines
               do
               not
               only
               prove
               a
               Heat
               ,
               but
               imply
               a
               much
               greater
               to
               be
               where
               the
               Metal
               is
               prepared
               ,
               than
               where
               it
               is
               separated
               .
               The
               Eruption
               of
               it
               at
               places
               ,
               I
               pretend
               not
               to
               account
               for
               ,
               but
               that
               it
               is
               different
               often
               in
               places
               not
               many
               Rods
               distant
               ,
               is
               beyond
               doubt
               .
            
             
               The
               Virtues
               of
               these
               Minerals
               well
               account
               for
               the
               Cures
               wrought
               by
               the
               Bath
               ,
               the
               most
               which
               I
               have
               observed
               or
               known
               ,
               having
               been
               in
               Tumours
               or
               Palsies
               from
               tough
               Phlegm
               ;
               not
               to
               take
               notice
               of
               their
               external
               
               Use
               in
               Scabby
               Diseases
               :
               And
               those
               that
               have
               been
               within
               my
               knowledge
               ,
               have
               been
               all
               performed
               by
               Pumping
               the
               diseasy
               part
               ,
               and
               not
               by
               Bathing
               .
               Now
               the
               Qualities
               that
               Authors
               take
               notice
               of
               in
               Sulphur
               to
               heat
               and
               dry
               ,
               incide
               ,
               open
               and
               provoke
               .
               Sweat
               ,
               and
               resist
               Putrefaction
               ,
               consider'd
               with
               the
               power
               of
               the
               other
               to
               ease
               Pain
               ,
               penetrate
               ,
               discuss
               ,
               and
               temper
               Inflammation
               ,
               sufficeth
               to
               the
               performing
               all
               this
               .
               But
               to
               bring
               it
               nearer
               to
               sense
               ,
               I
               shall
               take
               notice
               what
               any
               Person
               may
               prove
               ,
               that
               a
               Bath
               made
               of
               Salt-petre
               ,
               Sea-salt
               and
               Brimstone
               ,
               is
               the
               most
               happy
               Dissolvent
               of
               Oedematous
               Tumours
               even
               in
               the
               Legs
               ,
               that
               hitherto
               I
               have
               observed
               .
               It
               is
               much
               to
               be
               suspected
               ,
               that
               this
               Water
               must
               lose
               much
               of
               its
               power
               ,
               if
               not
               the
               best
               part
               ,
               by
               carriage
               ,
               together
               with
               its
               power
               of
               Tinging
               Silver
               yellow
               ,
               especially
               for
               inward
               use
               .
            
             
               I
               shall
               conclude
               all
               with
               this
               useful
               Remark
               ,
               That
               as
               the
               Waters
               are
               a
               powerful
               and
               extraordinary
               Remedy
               ,
               so
               to
               have
               success
               in
               the
               use
               of
               them
               ,
               it
               is
               necessary
               to
               form
               just
               and
               due
               Observations
               of
               them
               ,
               by
               distinguishing
               ,
            
             
               1.
               
               What
               Cures
               are
               wrought
               by
               the
               Waters
               on
               a
               general
               Account
               ,
               and
               what
               by
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               distinct
               Salt.
               
            
             
             
               2.
               
               What
               are
               proper
               and
               may
               effect
               in
               light
               Cases
               ,
               but
               seldom
               avail
               alone
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Some
               that
               avail
               ,
               but
               fail
               in
               confirm'd
               Cases
               ,
               as
               the
               Purging
               Chalybeats
               in
               Hypochondriacism
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               What
               Distempers
               they
               Cure
               ,
               with
               regard
               to
               a
               particular
               cause
               ,
               and
               not
               universally
               .
            
             
               And
               lastly
               ,
               What
               they
               may
               be
               trusted
               to
               for
               ,
               as
               in
               inveterate
               and
               confirm'd
               Obstructions
               .
               The
               light
               Chalybeat
               Waters
               may
               ,
               and
               perhaps
               in
               Asthma
               and
               Scurvy
               the
               Purging
               Chalybeats
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
             
             
             
          
           
             
             
               Some
               Observations
               on
               the
               Water
               of
               Queen
               Camel
               in
               Somersetshire
               .
            
             
               THE
               Trial
               of
               this
               Water
               I
               annex
               to
               the
               Bath
               Water
               ,
               because
               this
               is
               likewise
               a
               Sulphurous
               one
               and
               might
               illustrate
               that
               ;
               at
               least
               having
               it
               by
               me
               I
               thought
               worth
               preserving
               .
               It
               is
               a
               cold
               Spring
               of
               a
               faetid
               smell
               ,
               in
               which
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               in
               Taste
               ,
               it
               resembled
               that
               of
               a
               foul
               Gun
               ,
               as
               my
               honoured
               Friend
               the
               Reverend
               Mr.
               
                 Samuel
                 Adamson
              
               ,
               who
               made
               the
               Experiments
               for
               me
               at
               the
               Spring
               ,
               inform'd
               me
               .
               It
               tingeth
               the
               stones
               black
               on
               which
               it
               falls
               .
               The
               use
               of
               this
               Water
               is
               inwardly
               and
               outwardly
               in
               the
               Kings-Evil
               ,
               and
               other
               Ulcers
               and
               Scabbiness
               ,
               in
               which
               the
               success
               is
               frequent
               ,
               and
               purgeth
               little
               of
               any
               thing
               ,
               but
               hath
               produced
               Eruptions
               if
               drank
               without
               occasion
               ,
               by
               a
               Body
               whose
               Constitution
               they
               disagreed
               with
               .
               It
               hath
               the
               Reputation
               of
               proceeding
               from
               a
               Copper
               Mine
               ,
               for
               which
               my
               Friend
               could
               discover
               no
               ground
               ,
               as
               neither
               do
               the
               Trials
               ,
               unless
               some
               Pyrites
               there
               found
               may
               give
               the
               occasion
               .
            
             
               This
               Water
               prov'd
               upon
               Tryal
               to
               contain
               a
               Calcarious
               Salt
               ,
               yet
               not
               so
               open
               as
               to
               answer
               with
               Gall
               and
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               ,
               and
               a
               Sulphur
               differing
               from
               common
               Brimstone
               ,
               and
               more
               amicable
               to
               Alkalys
               ,
               and
               not
               to
               be
               precipitated
               by
               Acids
               ;
               and
               to
               contain
               no
               Metalline
               parts
               ,
               at
               least
               openly
               so
               .
            
             
             
               With
               Gall
               it
               took
               a
               very
               pale
               Yellow
               ,
               and
               upon
               standing
               a
               Week
               a
               little
               deeper
               colour
               ,
               and
               a
               little
               thicker
               .
            
             
               With
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               ,
               upon
               12
               hours
               standing
               ,
               a
               little
               deeper
               than
               with
               Gall
               ;
               in
               both
               which
               it
               resembled
               neither
               Vitriols
               ,
               which
               take
               less
               colour
               ,
               nor
               as
               Alkalys
               ,
               which
               give
               a
               deeper
               ,
               but
               nearer
               Saltpetre
               ,
               or
               rather
               common
               Pump-water
               .
            
             
               Like
               Alkalys
               it
               curdled
               not
               Milk.
               
            
             
               With
               a
               Solution
               of
               Sublimate
               ,
               15
               drops
               in
               4
               ounces
               ,
               a
               bright
               brass
               colour
               ,
               and
               upon
               addition
               of
               5
               drops
               more
               ,
               curdled
               and
               precipitated
               of
               a
               
                 Feuille
                 mort
              
               colour
               ,
               as
               Alkalys
               and
               Salt
               of
               Lime
               .
            
             
               Oyl
               of
               Tartar
               
                 p.
                 del
              
               .
               75
               drops
               in
               4
               ounces
               ,
               made
               it
               more
               limpid
               and
               inclinable
               to
               a
               bright
               Copper
               ,
               which
               Vinegar
               would
               not
               precipitate
               .
            
             
               The
               Water
               ,
               when
               it
               had
               stood
               a
               Week
               ,
               with
               a
               Solution
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Saturni
              
               ,
               turn'd
               White
               like
               Milk
               as
               Alkalys
               ,
               but
               when
               fresh
               ,
               with
               10
               drops
               of
               the
               Solution
               ,
               took
               a
               dark
               brown
               colour
               ,
               and
               look'd
               thick
               .
            
             
               The
               Sediment
               ,
               which
               is
               small
               and
               dark
               colour'd
               ,
               would
               not
               burn
               ,
               nor
               would
               it
               communicate
               a
               Colour
               to
               
                 Aqua
                 fortis
              
               ,
               nor
               to
               common
               Salt
               upon
               standing
               ,
               as
               Mettals
               and
               Copper
               especially
               will.
               
            
             
               For
               various
               Reasons
               I
               must
               excuse
               any
               inimical
               Mineral
               from
               a
               share
               in
               this
               ,
               especially
               Arsenick
               or
               Copper
               ,
               but
               judge
               it
               rather
               near
               
               to
               common
               Sulphur
               ,
               but
               less
               remote
               from
               an
               Alkaly
               :
               But
               to
               know
               this
               more
               nicely
               ,
               the
               Pyrites
               ought
               to
               be
               prov'd
               .
            
             
               As
               this
               may
               shew
               the
               reason
               of
               its
               good
               Effects
               in
               the
               King's-Evil
               ,
               and
               why
               it
               agrees
               not
               in
               a
               Scorbutick
               Disposition
               ,
               so
               it
               may
               help
               to
               drect
               its
               proper
               place
               in
               Acid
               Tumors
               ,
               as
               Milk
               Sores
               ,
               or
               where
               the
               Chyle
               is
               curdled
               ,
               which
               if
               observ'd
               ,
               might
               make
               the
               Waters
               more
               useful
               .
            
             
               This
               Water
               gilds
               Silver
               as
               doth
               the
               Bath
               Water
               ,
               and
               as
               doth
               common
               Sulphur
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               Figure
               of
               the
               Scarborow
               Water
               Salt
               referr'd
               to
               at
               Page
               155.
               
            
             
               
                 
                   The
                   Figure
                   sent
                   me
                   and
                   there
                   referr'd
                   to
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   The
                   Figure
                   of
                   the
                   Salt
                   sent
                   me
                   .
                
              
            
             
               FINIS
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               A
               Second
               Essay
               of
               the
               Bath
               Water
               .
            
             
               HAving
               some
               reason
               to
               be
               dissatisfied
               with
               the
               former
               Essay
               of
               it
               ,
               I
               procur'd
               some
               more
               new
               :
               I
               found
               the
               Taste
               a
               very
               little
               Nauseous
               and
               Saline
               .
               The
               Salt
               of
               it
               resembled
               Common
               Salt
               ,
               the
               Water
               not
               disturbing
               a
               Solution
               of
               German
               Vitriol
               :
               nor
               a
               Solution
               of
               Sublimat
               ,
               and
               taking
               but
               a
               pale
               dull
               red
               with
               Syrup
               of
               Cloves
               ,
               and
               very
               little
               Colour
               from
               
                 Lignum
                 Nephriticum
              
               ,
               and
               with
               Gall
               pale
               and
               curdled
               .
               With
               a
               Solution
               of
               Salt
               of
               Lead
               it
               curdled
               strongly
               ,
               but
               Whitened
               not
               the
               Liquor
               so
               much
               as
               Pump
               Water
               .
               Besides
               this
               strong
               Precipitation
               it
               had
               this
               peculiar
               ,
               not
               to
               praecipitate
               Silver
               ,
               so
               readily
               or
               so
               much
               as
               common
               Salt
               :
               And
               it
               made
               a
               White
               curdle
               with
               Spirit
               of
               Harts-horn
               ,
               but
               did
               not
               disturb
               Spirit
               of
               
                 Sal
                 Armoniac
              
               :
               This
               differing
               Effect
               ,
               of
               these
               two
               Spirits
               ,
               is
               only
               found
               in
               a
               Decoction
               of
               common
               Salt
               and
               common
               Sulphur
               ,
               and
               Sulphurous
               Bodies
               ;
               for
               I
               observed
               near
               the
               same
               ,
               to
               succeed
               with
               an
               Infusion
               of
               Orpiment
               and
               Spirit
               of
               Vitriol
               diluted
               .
               This
               odd
               Phaenomenon
               is
               in
               Dulwich
               Water
               ,
               which
               hereby
               is
               illustrated
               to
               be
               owing
               to
               the
               Sulphurousness
               of
               the
               Pyrites
               ,
               and
               perhaps
               depth
               of
               the
               Water
               .
            
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           A
           TABLE
           OF
           THE
           WATERS
           Here
           Examined
           .
        
         
           
             ACTON
             Water
             in
             Middlesex
             page
             126
          
           
             Alford
             in
             Somersetshire
             144
          
           
             Aylesham
             in
             Norfolk
             23
          
           
             Barnet
             in
             Hartfordshire
             149
          
           
             Bath
             Water
             in
             Somersetshire
             178
             &
             185
          
           
             Brentwood-Weal
             
               in
               Essex
            
             144
          
           
             Colchester
             in
             Essex
             128
          
           
             Dulwich
             Water
             in
             Lewisham
             in
             Kent
             135
          
           
             Epsam
             in
             Surry
             122
          
           
             Felstead
             in
             Essex
             28
          
           
             Ilumington
             in
             Warwichshire
             21
          
           
             Islington
             near
             London
             27
          
           
             
             Kensington
             near
             London
             129
          
           
             Knaresborough
             in
             Yorkshire
             19
          
           
             Lambeth
             farther
             Well
             in
             Surry
             143
          
           
             Lambeth
             nearer
             Well
             in
             Surry
             138
          
           
             Marks-Hall
             in
             Essex
             21
          
           
             North-Hall
             in
             Hartfordshire
             137
          
           
             Oulton
             in
             Norfolk
             23
          
           
             Queen-Camel
             in
             Somersetshire
             182
          
           
             Richmond
             in
             Surry
             132
          
           
             Scarborow
             in
             Yorkshire
             151
          
           
             Stretham
             in
             Surry
             150
          
           
             Tunbridge
             in
             Kent
             26
          
           
             Upminster
             near
             Brentwood
             in
             Essex
             148
          
           
             Wellenborow
             in
             Northamptonshire
             27
          
           
             Wittham
             in
             Essex
             19
          
           
             Woodham-Ferrys
             near
             Danbury
             in
             Essex
             158
          
        
      
       
         
         
           AN
           INDEX
           OF
           THE
           Virtues
           and
           Properties
           OF
           THE
           WATERS
           .
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             ACidity
             of
             the
             Stomach
             ,
             as
             Heartburning
             and
             all
             Acid
             Humors
             to
             sweeten
             and
             carry
             off
             .
             The
             Purging
             Waters
             that
             are
             Alkalisate
             or
             Calcarious
             .
          
           
             Apoplexies
             to
             prevent
             and
             Cure.
             Knarsborow
             and
             Marks-hall
             .
          
           
             Asthma
             .
             Scarborow
             and
             Woodh
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Against
             Barrenness
             .
             Scarborow
             and
             Knarsb
             .
             perhaps
             both
             successively
             used
             .
          
           
             Bleeding
             at
             any
             part
             .
             Knarsborow
             and
             Marks-●●
          
        
         
           
             C.
             
          
           
             Catarrh
             .
             Scarborow
             and
             Woodham-F
             .
          
           
             
             Cholicks
             .
             All
             the
             Purging
             Waters
             ,
             those
             of
             common
             Salt
             best
             ,
             but
             if
             Inflamatory
             Epsam
             .
          
           
             Cholour
             of
             the
             Face
             to
             mend
             .
             If
             from
             a
             Chlorosis
             the
             
               Purging
               Chalybeats
            
             ,
             else
             the
             Alkalisate
             ,
             and
             principally
             Epsam
             .
          
           
             Consumption
             .
             If
             Climacterick
             ,
             the
             
               Light
               Chalybeats
            
             ,
             but
             if
             introduced
             by
             a
             Haemoptoe
             ,
             the
             Acid.
             
          
           
             Cramps
             and
             Convulsions
             .
             Knaresborow
             .
          
        
         
           
             D.
             
          
           
             Dropsie
             .
             If
             Hypochondriacal
             ,
             The
             
               Light
               Chalybeats
            
             .
          
           
             Diabetes
             .
             All
             the
             Waters
             are
             received
             to
             Cure
             ,
             but
             the
             most
             certain
             the
             Light
             Chalybeat
             ,
             as
             
               Tunbridge
               ,
               &c.
            
             
          
        
         
           
             E.
             
          
           
             Epilepsie
             Hypochondriacal
             .
             Scarborow
             .
          
        
         
           
             F.
             
          
           
             Fatress
             and
             grossness
             to
             lessen
             .
             Epsam
             .
          
           
             
               Fistula
               .
               The
            
             Light
             Chalybeats
             .
          
           
             Fluxes
             Dysenteric
             .
             Scarborow
             :
          
           
             Fluxes
             of
             all
             sorts
             in
             Women
             .
             Knaresborow
             .
          
           
             Fluor
             A●bus
             .
             Scarborow
             .
          
           
             All
             Fluxes
             of
             Blood.
             Knaresborow
             .
          
        
         
           
             G.
             
          
           
             Giddiness
             .
             The
             Purging
             Waters
             ,
             if
             Old
             Chalybeat
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             the
             Light
             ones
             ,
             and
             to
             confirm
             the
             Cure
             by
             the
             Acid
             Chalybeats
             .
          
           
             Gout
             .
             All
             the
             Chalybiates
             but
             the
             Nitrous
             .
          
           
             Gonorrhea
             .
             Scarborow
             and
             Knaresborow
             .
          
        
         
           
             H.
             
          
           
             Heat
             of
             the
             Face
             or
             at
             the
             Stomach
             .
             Epsam
             .
          
           
             
             Hypochondriacism
             .
             Purging
             Waters
             and
             Chalybeat
             successively
             :
             The
             First
             according
             to
             the
             Constitution
             ,
             as
             in
             the
             Gross
             Epsam
             ;
             The
             Chalybeat
             ,
             i●
             the
             Diseases
             affect
             the
             Head
             or
             Glands
             ,
             the
             Light
             Sort
             ;
             and
             the
             Cure
             to
             be
             confirm'd
             by
             the
             Acid
             ,
             as
             is
             Knarsb
             .
             and
             Marks
             -
          
        
         
           
             I.
             
          
           
             Jaundies
             .
             If
             Originally
             from
             the
             vice
             of
             the
             Ventricle
             and
             Intestines
             ,
             the
             Purging
             Waters
             that
             partake
             of
             common
             Salt
             ;
             if
             upon
             Melancholy
             ,
             or
             Obstructions
             ,
             the
             Chalybeat
             .
          
        
         
           
             K.
             
          
           
             Kings-Evil
             .
             Queen-Camel
             .
          
        
         
           
             L.
             
          
           
             Leprosie
             .
             Knaresborow
             and
             Lambeth
             .
             See
             Scurfs
             .
          
        
         
           
             M.
             
          
           
             Melancholy
             .
             All
             the
             Alkalisate
             Waters
             ,
             but
             most
             effectual
             Epsam
             .
          
           
             Against
             Miscarrying
             .
             Scarborow
             and
             Knaresborow
             .
          
        
         
           
             O.
             
          
           
             
               Obstructions
               .
               The
            
             Light
             Chalybeat
             .
          
        
         
           
             P.
             
          
           
             Running
             Burning
             Pains
             .
             The
             Purging
             Waters
             ,
             especially
             the
             Chalybeat
             .
          
           
             For
             Pilegmatick
             Constitutions
             .
             Brentwood-W
             .
             Pissing
             of
             Blood.
             Knarsborow
             .
          
        
         
           
             S.
             
          
           
             Schirrous
             Tumours
             of
             the
             Stomach
             .
             The
             
               Light
               Chalybeats
            
             and
             Scarborow
             .
          
           
             Scabs
             .
             Knaresborow
             .
          
           
             
             Scurf
             and
             Scurvy
             .
             Scarb.
             and
             Woodh
             .
          
           
             Stone
             .
             Agreeable
             Purgers
             ,
             North-hall
             and
             Lambeth
             ,
             or
             the
             Purging
             Chalybeats
             ,
             cured
             by
             the
             light
             sorts
             .
          
           
             Swelling
             of
             the
             Belly
             continuing
             after
             Child-birth
             .
             Scarborow
             .
          
           
             To
             Sweeten
             the
             Blood
             and
             Juyces
             .
             The
             Alkalisate
             .
          
        
         
           
             T.
             
          
           
             Tumours
             of
             the
             Spleen
             ,
             Mesentery
             and
             Liver
             .
             Scarborow
             .
          
           
             Teeth
             to
             Fasten
             .
             Knaresb
             .
             and
             Marks-Hall
             .
          
        
         
           
             V.
             
          
           
             Vertigo
             .
             Scarb.
             
          
           
             Vlcers
             .
             The
             Chalybeats
             .
          
           
             Heat
             of
             Vrine
             .
             Knaresb
             .
          
        
         
           
             W.
             
          
           
             Worms
             .
             The
             Purging
             Waters
             bearing
             common
             Salt.
             
          
           
             White
             Fluor
             .
             See
             Fluor
             .
          
           
             Weakness
             of
             the
             Nerves
             ,
             Scarb.
             
          
           
             Spontaneous
             Weariness
             ;
             Scarb.
             
          
        
         
           The
           end
           of
           the
           Index
           .
        
         
      
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A23627-e1610
           
             Numb
             .
             51.
             
          
           
             Part
             2.
             
             Obj.
             16.
             
          
           
             ☞