Spadacrene Anglica Or, the English spavv-fountaine. Being a briefe treatise of the acide, or tart fountaine in the forest of Knaresborow, in the west-riding of Yorkshire. As also a relation of other medicinall waters in the said forest. By Edmund Deane, Dr. in Physicke, Oxon. dwelling in the city of Yorke. Deane, Edmund, 1582?-1640. 1626 Approx. 66 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 19 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2007-10 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A20002 STC 6441 ESTC S113477 99848711 99848711 13823 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A20002) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 13823) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 986:04) Spadacrene Anglica Or, the English spavv-fountaine. Being a briefe treatise of the acide, or tart fountaine in the forest of Knaresborow, in the west-riding of Yorkshire. As also a relation of other medicinall waters in the said forest. By Edmund Deane, Dr. in Physicke, Oxon. dwelling in the city of Yorke. Deane, Edmund, 1582?-1640. [4], 32 p. [By M. Flesher] for Iohn Grismand: and are to be sold by Richard Foster, neere the minster gate in Yorke, London : 1626. Printer's name from STC. Reproduction of the original in the British Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. 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Being A BRIEFE TREATISE of the acide , or tart Fountaine in the Forest of Knaresborow , in the West-Riding of Yorkshire . As also a Relation of other medicinall Waters in the said Forest . BY Edmund Deane , Dr. in Physicke , Oxon. dwelling in the City of YORKE . LONDON , Printed for Iohn Grismand : and are to be sold by Richard Foster , neere the Minster gate in Yorke . 1626. TO THE PHYSITIANS OF YORKE . THough it was my fortune first of all to set a new edge on this businesse ; yet my iourneyes to this Fountaine haue not been made without your good companies and association , nor the seuerall tryals had there , and at home , performed without your worthy helpes and assistance : nor this little Treatise begun without your instigations and incitements . Therefore I find none so fit and meet to patronize it , as your selues ; being able out of your owne knowledge and obseruation to defend it against all malicious detractions . To extoll it aboue the Germaine Spaw , may be thought in me either indiscretion , or too much partiality ; but why I may not parallele them ( being in natures and qualities so agreeable ) nor I , nor you ( I suppose ) know any inducing , much lesse perswading argument . Wherefore being thus confident , I thought it no part of our duties , either to God , our King , or Country , to conceale so great a benefit , as may thereby arise and accrue not onely vnto this whole Kingdome and his Maiesties louing subiects , but also in time ( after further notice taken of it ) to other foraigne nations and countries , who may perhaps with more benefit , lesse hazard and danger of their liues , spoiling and robbing , better partake of this our English Spaw Fountaine , then of those in Germanie . It were to be wished , that those two famous Physitians , Dr. Hunton and Dr. Bright had beene yet liuing , to haue giuen testimony of the great good hopes and expectation they conceiued of it . The former of which did oftentimes request me to publish it to the world : and the other was resolued ( in case hee had longer liued ) to haue done it himselfe . So carefull were they both to promote their countries good , and ●udious to procure the health of their Countrimen . I am as briefe and plaine , as possibly I may , to the end the Reader may not be wearied , nor the patient deluded ; and if for these causes I may seeme to bee censured , yet I am well assured , that to your selues breuity and perspicuity cannot , but bee acceptable . So wishing you all happinesse , I shall euer rest and remaine From my house in Yorke , this 20th of April . 1626. Your assured friend , Edm : Deane . THE ENGLISH SPAW . CHAP. 1. Of the situation of the Towne of Knaresborow . GNaresbrugh ( commonly called Knaresborow ) is a very ancient Market towne in the West-Riding of Yorkeshire , distant 14 miles from the City of Yorke ; where the Pole is eleuated 54 degrees , and 20 odde minutes . On the South-west part thereof is that faire , and goodly Fort , so much renowned , both for the pleasant situation , and remarkable strength , knowne by the name of Knaresborow Castle , seated on a most ragged and rough Rock ; whence ( as learned Mr. Camden saith ) it is so named . Both the Castle and Towne are fenced on the South and West parts with the Riuer Nid : which is beautified here with two faire Bridges of stone , which lead from the Towne into the Forest adioyning , as also vnto a large empaled Park of his Maiesties , called Bilton parke , well stored with fallow Deere : part whereof is bordered with the said riuer . The Towne it selfe standeth on a hill , hauing almost on euery side an ascent to it ; and about it are diuers fruitfull valleyes well replenished with grasse , corne , and wood . The waters there are wholesome and cleare ; the ayre dry and pure . In briefe , there is nothing wanting , that may fitly serue for a good and commodious habitation , and the content and entertainment of strangers . Many things are very obseruable in this place , which because they rather do appertaine to the volumes of Geographers , & Antiquaries , then to the purpose intended in this little treatise , are here omitted . CHAP. 2. Of the seuerall earths , stones , and mineralls , found neere and about this place . ALthough there are in sundry places of this Kingdome as many , or moe seuerall kinds , and sorts of earths , quarreyes of stone , minerals , and mines of mettalls , then in any other Realme whatsoeuer ; notwithstanding no one place hath beene obserued to haue them either in such plentie , or variety in so small a distance , as this . For here is found not onely white and yellow marle , plaister , oker , rudd , or rubricke , free-stone , an hard greet-stone , a soft reddish stone , iron-stone , brim-stone , vitreall , nitre , allum , lead , copper , ( and without doubt diuerse mixtures of these ) but also many other mineralls might ( perhaps ) be found out by the diligent search , and skilfull industrie of those , who would take paines to labour a little herein . All which do manifestly demonstrate , that nature hath stored this little territorie with a greater diuersitie of hidden benefits , then great and spacious Countries otherwise abounding in outward natiue commodities , and that the fountaines , or springs of water hereabouts cannot otherwise then participate of their seuerall natures , and properties . CHAP. 3. Of the fountaines , of pure and simple waters neere , and about the Towne . AS generally most parts of the West Riding of Yorkeshire ( especially the hilly and more mountaineous places thereof ) are stored with fountaines and springs of cleare , limpide , and pure simple waters ; so likewise the territorie here abouts is not without plenty of them . Two whereof haue gotten and purchased that reputation , as to be saincted : The one called by the name of Saint Magnus , or Mugnus-Well : th' other , that of Saint Roberts . These , formerly for a yeere , or two , haue beene in great request in these parts amongst the common sort , much sought vnto by many , and great concourse of people haue daily gathered and flocked to them both neare , and a farre off , as is most commonly seene , when any new thing is first found out . Fama enim crescit eundo , euen vnto incredible wonders and miracles , or rather fictions , and lyes . All which commeth to passe as wee may well suppose , through our ouermuch English credulity , or ( as I may better say ) rather superstition . For to any such like Well , will swarme at first both yong and old ( especially the female sexe , as euer more apt to bee deluded ) halt , lame , blind , deafe , dumbe , yea , almost all , and that for all manner of maladies and diseases , both inward and outward . But for as much , as these are springs of pure , and simple waters meerely , without any mixture at all of minerals , to make them become medicinable , it is verily thought , that the many & seuerall cures , which haue bin attributed vnto them in those times , when they were so frequented , were rather fained , and imaginary , then true , and reall ; and that those , who then visited them , were desirous ( either to vphold , and maintaine the credit , and reputation of their Saints , or else , to auoyd the scorne and derision of their owne delusion ) to haue others likewise deceiued . Time hath quite worne all their strength , and consumed all their vertues ; so that nothing of worth now remaines with them , sauing onely their bare names and titles : Sic magna suâ mole ruunt . Wherefore to omit these , as scarce worthy the mentioning ; those are chiefly here to be described , which doe participate of minerall vertues , and faculties . CHAP. 4. Of fiue fountaines neare vnto the towne , which doe participate of minerall vertues . OVt of the diuers Fountaines springing hereabouts , fiue are worthy the obseruation of Physitians . The first whereof is very neare vnto the riuer banke , ouer against the Castle , called by the name of the Dropping-well , for that it droppeth , distilleth , and trickleth downe from the hanging rocke aboue . The water whereof hath a certaine quality or property to turne any thing , that lieth in it , into a stony substance in a very short space . Three of the others ( being all of them much of one , and the same nature ) are termed by the country people thereabouts the Stinking-wels , in regard they haue an ill , and fetide smell , consisting most of Sulphure-viue , or quicke brimstone . One of them , and that which hath the greatest current , or streame of water , is in Bilton park . The other two are in the sayd Forest ; one is neare vnto the towne ; the other is further off , almost two miles from it , beyond a place called Haregate-head , in a bottome on the right hand of it , as you goe , and almost in the side of a little brooke . The fift , and last ( for which I haue principally vndertaken to write this short Discourse ) is an acide , or tart fountaine in the said Forest , commonly named by the vulgar sort , Tuewhit well , and the English Spaw , by those of the better rank , in imitation of those two most famous acide fountaines at the Spaw in Germany , to wit Sauuenir , and Pouhon : whereof the first ( being the prime one ) is halfe a league from the Spa , or Spaw village ; the other is in the middle of the towne . CHAP. 5. A more particular recitall of the first foure Wells . I Purpose to speake somewhat more in this place of the firs● foure Springs mentioned in the former Chapter , in regard the consideration of them may perhaps giue some light to those , who shall hereafter search further into the secrets , which nature may seeme to afford in the Country hereabouts . The first is the Dropping-well , knowne almost to all , who haue trauelled vnto this place . The water whereof distilleth and trickleth downe from the hanging Rocke ouer it , not onely dropping wise , but also falling in many pretty little streames . This water issueth at first out of the earth , not farre from the said hanging rocke , and running a while in one entire current , continueth so , till it commeth almost to the brim of the cragg ; where being opposed by a damme ( as it were artificiall ) of certaine spongy stones , is afterwards diuided into many smaller branches , and falleth from on high in manner aforesaid . It is therefore very likely , that Mr Camden in person did not see this Fountaine , but rather that hee had it by relation from others ; or at least wise ( if he did see it ) that hee did not marke , and duly obserue the originall springing vp of the water , when in his Britannia he saith thus : The waters thereof spring not vp out of the veines of the earth , &c. Concerning the properties and qualities thereof , I haue nothing more to write at this time ( there being formerly little tryall had of it ) sauing that diuers inhabitants thereabouts say , and affirme , that it hath beene found to bee very effectuall in staying any flux of the body : which thing I easily beleeue . The other three are sulphureous fountaines , and cast forth a stinking smell a farre off , especially in the winter season , and when the weather is coldest . They are all noysome to smell to , and cold to touch , without any manifest , or actuall heat at all ; by reason ( as may most probably be thought ) their mynes , and veines of brimstone , are not kindled vnder the earth ; being ( perhaps ) hindred by the mixture of salt therewith . Those , who drinke of their waters , relate , they verily thinke there is gunpowder in them , and that now and then they vomit after drinking thereof . The waters , as they runne along the earth , doe leaue behind them on the grasse and leaues a gray slimy substance ; which being set on fire , hath the right sauour of common brimstone . They are much haunted with Pigeons , an argument of much salt in them ; of which in the euaporation of the water by fire , wee found a good quantity remaining in the bottome of the vessell . One thing further was worth obseruation ; that white mettall ( as siluer ) dipped into them , presently seemeth to resemble copper : which we first noted by putting a siluer porrenger into one of these ; vnto which Sir Francis Trapps did first bring vs. Which tincture these waters giue by reason of their sulphur . Touching their vertues , and effects , there may in generall the like properties be ascribed vnto them , as are attributed vnto other sulphureous Bathes actually cold , participating also of salt . The vulgar sort drinke these waters ( as they say ) to expell reefe , and fellon ; yea , many , who are much troubled with itches , scabs , morphewes , tetters , ring-wormes , and the like , are soone holpen , and cured by washing the parts ill affected therewith . Which thing they might much more conueniently , and more commodiously doe , if at that in Bilton parke were framed 2 capacious Bathes , the one cold , the other to be made hot , or warme , by art , for certaine knowne howers a day . CHAP. 6. A more particular description of the fift , or last fountaine , called the English Spaw . THis , being the principall subiect of this whole Treatise , is in the said forest , about halfe a league , or a mile and a halfe west from the towne ; from whence there is almost a continuall rising to it , but nothing so great , as the ascent is from the Spaw village to the Sauuenir . This here springeth out of a mountainous ground , and almost at the height of the ascent , at Haregate-head ; hauing a great descent on both sides the ridge thereof ; and the Country thereabouts somewhat resembleth that at the Spaw in Germany . The first discouerer of it to haue any medicinall quality ( so far forth as I can learn ) was one Mr. William Slingesby , a Gentleman of many good parts , of an ancient , and worthy Family neere thereby ; who hauing trauelled in his younger time , was throughly acquainted with the taste , vse , and faculties of the two Spaw fountaines . In his latter time , about 55 yeeres agoe , it was his good fortune to liue for a little while at a grange house very neare to this fountaine , and afterwards in Bilton Parke all his life long . Who drinking of this water , found it in all things to agree with those at the Spaw . Whereupon ( greatly reioycing at so good and fortunate an accident ) he made some further tr all and assay : that done , he caused the founta ne to be well , and ar●●●cially walled about , and paued at the bottome ( as it is now at this day ) with two faire stone flags , with a sit hole in the side thereof , for the free passage of the water through a little guttered stone . It is open at the top , and walled somewhat higher , then the earth , as well to keepe out filth , as Cattle for comming and approaching to it . It is fouresquare , three foot wide , and the water within is about three quarters of a yard deepe . First we caused it to be laded dry , as well to scoure it , as also to see the rising vp of the water , which we found to spring vp onely at the bottome at the chinke , or cranny , betweene two stones , so left purposely for the springing vp of the water at the bottome : Which as Yliny obserueth in his 31 booke of his Naturall History , and the third Chapter , is a signe aboue all of the goodnesse of a fountaine . And about all ( saith he ) one thing would bee obserued , and seene vnto , that the source , which feedeth it , spring and boyle vp directly from the bottome , and not ●ssue forth at the sides : which also is a maine point that concerneth the perpetuity thereof , and whereby wee ●y collect , ●hat it will hold still and be neuer drawne drye . The streame of water , which passeth away by the hole in the side thereof , is much one , and about the proportion of the current of Sauuenir . The aboue named Gentleman did drinke the water of this Fountaine euery yeare after all his life time , for helping his infirmities , and maintaining of his he●lth , and would oftentimes say and auerre , that it was much better , and did excell the tart fountaines beyond the seas , as being more quicke and liuely , and fuller of minerall spirits ; effecting his operation more speedily , and sooner passing through the body . Moreouer , Doctor Timothy Bright of happy memory , a learned Physitian , ( while hee liued , my very kind friend , and familiar acquaintance ) first gaue the name of the English Spaw vnto this Fountaine about thirty yeares since , or more . For he also formerly had spent some time at the Spaw in Germany ; so that he was very able to compare those with this of ours . Nay , hee had furthermore so good an opinion , and so high a conceit of this , that hee did not onely direct , and aduise others to it , but himselfe also ( for most part ) would vse it in the Sommer season . Likewise Doctor Anthony Hunton lately of Newarke vpon Trent , a Physitian of no lesse worth and happy memory , ( to whom for his true loue to mee , and kind respect of mee , I was very much beholden ) would often expostulate with mee at our meetings , and wi h other Gentlemen of Yorkeshire , his patients , how it came to passe , that I , and the Physitians of Yorke , did not by publi●e writing make the fame and worth thereof better knowne to the world ? CHAP. 7. Of the difference of this Fountaine from those at the Spaw , to wit , Sauuenir , and Pouhon . THis springeth almost at the top of the ascent ( as formerly hath beene said ) from a dry , and somewhat sandy earth : The water where of running South-East , is very cleare , pure , full of life , and minerall exhalations . We find it chiefly to consist of a vitrioline nature and quality , with a participation also of those other minerals , which are said to be in the Sauuenir fountaine ; but in a more perfect , and exquisite mixture and temper ( as wee deeme ) and therefore to be supposed better and nobler , then it . The difference betweene them will be found to be onely Secundum maius & minus , that is , according to more , or lesse , which maketh no difference in kind , but in degrees . This partaketh in greater measure of the qualities , and lesser of the substances of the minerals , then that doth ; and for that cause it is of a more quicke and speedy operation ; as also for the same reason , his tenuity of body , and fulnesse of minerall spirits therein contained , it cannot be so farre transported from its owne source , and spring , without losse , and diminution of his strength , and goodnesse . For being caried no further , then to the towne it selfe ( though the glasse or vessell be closely stopt ) it becommeth somewhat weaker : if as farre as to Yorke , much more : but if 20 or 30 miles further , it will then bee found to be of small force , or validity , as we haue often obserued . Whereas contrariwise the water of the lower fountain at the Spaw , called Pouhon , is frequently and vsually caried and conueyed into other Countries farre off , and remote , as into France , England , Scotland , Ireland , diuers parts of Germany , and some parts of Italy ; yea , and that of Sauuenir , ( which is the better fountaine , and whose water cannot be caried so farre away , as the other may ) is oftentimes vsed now adayes at Paris , the chiefe City of France . But this of ours cannot be sent away any whit so farre off without losse and decay of his efficacy , and vertue : so ayrie , subtill , and piercing are its spirits , and minerall exhalations , that they soone passe , vanish , and flye away . Which thing wee haue esteemed to be a principall good signe of the worthy properties of this rare Fountaine . So that this water , being newly taken vp at the Well , and presently after drunke , cannot otherwise , but sooner passe by the Hypochondries , and through the body , and cause a speedier effect , then those in Germany can . Whereby any one may easily collect , and gather , that this getteth his soueraign faculties better in its passage by and through the variety of minerals , included in the earth ( which only afford vnto it an halitious body ) then those doe . If then wee bee desirous to haue this of ours become commodious either for preseruing of our healths , or for altering any distemper , or curing any infirmity ( for which it is proper and auaileable ) it ought chiefly to bee taken at the fountaine it selfe , before the minerall spirits bee dissipated . CHAP. 8. That Vitriol is here more predominant , then any other minerall . VVE haue sufficiently beene satisfied by experience and trialls , through what minerals this water doth passe : but to know in what proportion they are exactly mixed therewith , it is beyond humane inuention to find out ; nature hauing reserued this secret to her selfe alone . Neuerthelesse it may very well be coniectured , that as in the frame , and composition of the most noble creature , Man ( the lesser world ) there 〈…〉 of the foure elements rather adjustitiam ( as Philosophers say ) then ad pondus ; so nature in the mixture of these minerals , hath likewise taken more of some , and lesse of others , as shee thought to be most fit , and expedient for the good and behoofe of mans health , and the recouery ●nd restitution of it decayed ; being indeed such a worke , as no Art is able to imitate . That Vitriolum ( otherwise called Chalcanthum ) is here most predominant , there needs no other proofe , then from the assay of the water it selfe ; which both in the tart and inky smack thereof , ioyned with a piercing and a pricking quality , and in the sauour ( which is somewhat a little vitrioline , ) is altogether like vnto the ancient Spaw waters : which according to the consent of all those , who haue considered their naturall compositions , doe most of all , and chiefly participate of vitrioll . Notwithstanding , for a more manifest , and fuller try all hereof , put as much powder of galls , as will lye on two-pence , or three-pence , into a glasse full of this water newly taken vp at the fountaine , you shall see it by and by turned into the right and perfect colour of Claret wine , that is fully ripe , cleare , and well fined , which may easily deceiue the eye of the skilfullest Vintner . This demonstration hath beene often made , not without the admiration of those , who first did see it . For the same quantity of galles mingled with so much common water , or any other fountaine water thereabouts , will not alter it any thing at all ; vnlesse to these you also adde Vitrioll , and then the colour will appeare to be of a blewish violet , somewhat inkish , not reddish , as in the former , which hath an exquisite and accurate coniunction of other minerall exhalations , besides the vitrioline . But this probation will not hold , if so be you make triall with the said water being caried farre from the well ; by reason of the present dissipation of his spirits . CHAP. 9. Of the prop●rties , and effects of Vitrioll , according to the ancient and moderne Writers . THe qualities of Vitrioll , according to Dioscorides , Galen , Aetius , Paulus Aegineta , and Oribasius , are to heate and dry , to bind , to resist putrefaction , to giue strength and vigour to the interiour parts , to kill the flat wormes of the belly , to remedy venemous mushromes , to preserue flesh ouer moyst from corruption , consuming the moysture thereof by its heat , and constipating by his astriction the substance of it , and pressing forth the serous humidity . And according to Matthiolus in his Commentaries vpon Di●●orides , it is very profitable against the plague and pestilence , and the chymicall oyle thereof is very auaileable ( as himselfe affirmeth to haue sufficiently proued ) against the stone and stopping of vrine , and many other outward maladies and diseases , ( Andernacus and Gesner adde to these the Apoplexy ) all which , for auoyding of prolixity , I doe here puposely omit . Neither will I further trouble the Reader with the recitall of diuers and sundry excellent remedies , and medicines , found out and made of it in these latter times , by the Spagyricke Physitians , and others : In so much that Ioseph Quercetanus , one of those , is verily of opinion , that out of this one indiuiduall minerall , well and exquisitely prepared , there might be made all manner of remedies and medicines sufficient for the storing and furnishing of a whole Apothecaries shop . But it will ( perhaps ) be obiected by some one or other in this manner : If vitrioll , which as most doe hold , is hote and dry in the third degree , or beginning of the fourth , nay , of a causticke quality , and nature ( as Discorides is of opinion ) should here be predominant , then the water of this fountaine must needs bee of great heat and acrimony ; and so become not onely vnprofitable , but also very hurtfull for mans vse to be drunke , or inwardly taken . To which obiection ( not to take any aduantage of the answer , which many learned Physitians doe giue , viz. that vitrioll is not hot , but cold ) I say : First , that although all medicinall waters doe participate of those mineralls , by which they doe passe , yet they haue them but weakly ( viribus refractis ) especially when in their passages they touch , and meet with diuers other minerals of opposite tempers and natures . Secondly I answer , that in all such medicinall fountaines , as this , simple water doth farre surpasse and exceed in quantity , whatsoeuer is therewith intermixed ; by whose coldnesse it commeth to passe , that the contrary is scarce , or hardly perceiued . For example , take one proportion of any boyling liquor to 100. or more , of the same cold , and you will hardly find in it any heat at all . Suppose then vitrioll to be hot in the third degree , it doth not therefore follow , that the water , which hath his vertue chiefly from it , should heat in the same degree . This is plainly manifest not onely in this fountaine , but also in all others , which haue an acide taste , being indeed rather cold , then hot , for the reasons aboue mentioned . CHAP. 10. Of the effects , which this fountaine worketh , and produceth in those , who drinke of it . EXperience sheweth sufficiently , besides reason , that this water first , and in the beginning cooleth such , as vse it : But being continued , it heateth and dryeth ; and this for the most part it doth in all , yet not alwayes . For ( as we shall more fully declare afterwards ) it effecteth cures of opposite , and quite contrary natures , by the second and third qualities , wherewith it is endowed ; curing diseases both hot , cold , dry , and moist . Those waters ( saith - Renodaeus ) which are replenished with a vitrioline quality , as those at the Spaw , doe presently heale , and ( as it were ) miraculously cure diseases , which are without all hope of recouery ; hauing that notable power , and faculty from vitrioll ; by the vertue and efficacy whereof , they passe through the meanders , turnings , and windings of all parts of the whole body . Whatsoeuer is hurtfull , or endammageth it , that they sweepe and carie away : what is profitable and commodious , they touch not , nor hurt : that , which is flaccid , and loose , they bind and fasten : that , which is fastned , and strictly tyed , they loose : what is too grosse and thicke , they incide , dissolue , attenuate , and expell . More particularly , the water of this fountaine hath an incisiue and abstersiue faculty to cut , and loosen the viscous and clammy humours of the body , and to make meable the grosse : as also by its piercing and penetrating power , subtilty of parts , and by his deterging and desiccatiue qualities to open all the obstructions , or oppilations of the mesentery ( from whence the seeds of most diseases doe arise and spring ) liuer , splen , kidneis , and other interiour parts , and ( which is more to be noted and obserued ) to coole , and contemperate their vnnaturall heat , helping , and remouing also all the griefes and infirmities depending thereupon . Besides all this , it comforteth the stomacke by the astriction it hath from other minerals , especially iron , so that ( without doubt ) of a thousand , who shall vse it discreetly and with good aduice ( their bodies first being well and orderly prepared by some learned and skilfull Physitian , according to the states thereof , and as their infirmities shall require ) there will scarcely be any one found who shall not receiue great profit thereby . Moreouer , it clenseth , and purifieth the whole masse of blood contained in the veynes , by purging it from the seresity peccant , and from cholericke , phlegmaticke , and melancholike humours ; and that principally by vrine , which passeth through the body very cleare , and in great quantity , leauing behind it the minerall forces , and vertues . Their stooles , who drinke of it , are commonly of a blackish , or darke greene colour , partly because it emptieth the liuer and splen from adust humours , and melancholy , or the sediment of blood ; but more especially , because the mineralls intermixed doe produce and giue such a tincture . CHAP. 11. In what diseases the water of this Fountaine is most vsefull and beneficiall . OVer and besides the peculiar and specificall faculties , which this fountaine hath , it sheweth diuers and sundry other manifest effects and qualities in euacuating the noxious humours of the body , for most part by vrine , especially when there is any obstruction about the kidneyes , vreters and bladder : Or by vrine and stoole both , if the mesentery , liuer , or splen , chance to bee obstructed . But , if the affect or griefe be in the matrix or womb , then it clenseth that way according to the accustomed and vsuall manner of women . In melancholicke people it purgeth by prouoking the haemorrhoides , and in cholericke by siege , or stoole . If it causeth either vomit or sweat , it is very seldome and rare . See here a most admirable worke guided by the omnipotency and wisedome of the Almighty , that a naturall , cleare , and pure water , should produce so many and seuerall effects and operations , being all of them in a manner contrary one to another , which few medicines composed by art can easily performe without hurt and dammage to the party . Wherefore being drunke with those cautions and circumstances necessarily required thereunto , it is to be preferred before many other remedies , as not onely procuring these euacuations ; but also ( which is more to be noted ) staying them , when they grow to any excesse . For seeing that here are minerals contained both hot , cold , dry , aperitiue , astringent , &c. there is none so simple but must needs thinke and grant , that it cannot otherwise bee but good and wholesome in grieuances , and diseases , which in their owne natures are opposite . But I may instance in some few , for which it is good and profitable , and therein obserue some order and methode ; It dryeth the ouer moist braine , and helpeth the euils proceeding therefrom , as rhumes , catarrhs , palsies , cramps , &c. It is also good and auaileable against inueterate head-aches , migrims , turnings , and swimmings of the head and braine , dizzinesse , epilepsie , or falling sicknesse , and the like cold and moist diseases of the head . It cheereth and reuiueth the spirits , strengthneth the stomacke , causeth a good and quicke appetite , and furthereth digestion . It helpeth the blacke and yellow Iaundisse , and the euill , which is accompanied with strange feare and excessiue sadnesse without any euident occasion , or necessary cause , called Melancholia Hypochondriaca . Likewise the cachexy , or euill habit of the body , and the dropsie in the beginning thereof , before it be too farre gone . For besides that it openeth obstructions , it expelleth the redundant water contained in the belly , and contemperateth the vnnaturall heat of the liuer . It cooleth the kidneyes or reynes , and driueth forth sand , grauell , and stones out of them , and also hindreth the encrease or breeding of any new , by the concretion , and saudering of grauell , bred of a viscous and clammy humour , or substance . The same it performeth to the bladder , for which it is also very beneficiall , if it chance to haue any euill disposition either in the cauity thereof , or in the necke of it , and shutting muscle called Sphincter , whereby the whole part , or member is let and hindred in his office and function . Moreouer , if there chance to be any vlcer in the parts last specified , or any sore , or fistula in perinaeo through an impostume ill cured , this water is a good remedy for it , in regard of its clensing , cicatrizing and constringing power , and vertue ; and for that cause it is very proper and commodious for the acrimony and sharpnesse of vrine , and against the stopping and suppression of vrine , difficulty of making water , and the strangury . Although it is very auaileable against the stone in the kidneyes , and against the breeding , and increase of any new there ; yea , and against little ones , that are loose in the bladder ; yet notwithstanding it will afford little or small benefit to those , in whom it is growne to bee very great and big in the bladder : Because nothing will then serue to breake it , as Brassauolus saith , but a Smiths anuile and hammar . Neuerthelesse , if in this case incision be vsed , it will be very commodious both for mundifying and consolidating the wound , made for the extraction of it . It shall not bee needfull to speake much of the profit , which will ensue by the fit administration of it in the inveterat venereous Gonorrhaea , causing it to cease and stay totally , and correcting the distemper , and the euill vlcerous disposition of the seed vessels , & the vicine parts . There are very few infirmities properly incident to women , which this water may not seeme to respect much . The vse whereof , after the aduice and councell had of the learned Physitian , for the well and orderly preparing their bodies , is singular good against the greene sicknesse , and also very commodious and behoouefull to procure their monthly euacuations , as also to stay their ouer much flowing ; as well to correct , as to stay their white floods ; as well to dry the wombe being too moist , as to heat it being too cold , through which causes and distempers conception ( for the most part ) is let and hindered in cold Northerne Countries , as England , and the like . For by the helpe of it these distempers are changed and altered , the superfluous humidities and mucosities are taken away , the part is corroborated , and the retentiue vertue is strengthned . This hath beene so much , and so often obserued at the ancient Spaw , that it cannot otherwise , but bee also verified at this in after times , when it shall bee frequented ( as those haue beene ) with the company of Ladyes , and Gentlewomen : Diuers whereof , hauing beene formerly barren for the space of ten , twelue yeares , or moe , and drinking of those waters for curing and helping some other infirmities , then for want of fruitfulnesse , haue shortly conceiued after their returne home to their husbands , beyond their hopes and expectations . Besides all this , it is good for those women , who , though otherwise apt enough to conceiue , yet by reason of the too much lubricity of their wombes , are prone to miscarry and abort , if before conception they shall vse it with those cautions and directions requisite . Also it respecteth very much the hard scirrhous and cancarous tumours , and the grieuous soares , and dangerous vlcers of the matrix All these excellent helpes and many moe it performeth to women with more speedy successe , if it be also receiued by iniection . But here by the way , all such women , who are with child , are to be admonished , that they forbeare to vse it during that time . In children it killeth and expelleth the wormes of the guts and belly , and letteth and hindreth the breeding and new encrease of any moe . I will here forbeare to write any thing of the benefits which it affordeth against old and inueterate itches , morphewes , leprosies , &c. in regard the other three sulphurous fountaines , before mentioned , doe more properly respect such like grieuances . Neither will I now spend any more time in shewing what vertues it hath in the cure of the Indian , commonly called the French ; or rather Spanish disease : because experience hath found out a more certaine and sure remedy against it . CHAP. 12. Of the necessity of preparing the body before the vse of this water . IT is not in most things the bare and naked knowledge or contemplation of them , that makes them profitable to vs ; but rather their right vse , and opportune and fit administration . Medicines are not said to be Deorum manus , that is , the hands of the Gods , ( as Herophilus calleth them ) or Deorum dona ; that is , the gifts of the Gods ( as Hippocrates beleeued ) till they be fitly applyed and seasonably administred by the counsell and aduice of the learned and skilfull Physitian , according to the true rules , and method of Art. Temporibus medicina valet , data tempore prosunt , Et data non apto tempore vina nocent . That is , Medicines auaile in their due times , And profit is got by drinking wines In timely sort ; but in all reason They doe offend , drunke out of season . Therefore to know th' originall mineralls , faculties , and vertues of this worthy acide fountaine , will bee to no end , or to small purpose for them , who vnderstand not the right and true vse , nor the fit and orderly administration of it . For not only Physicke or medicines , but also meats , and drinks taken disorderly , out of due time and without measure , bringeth oftentimes detriment to the partie ; who otherwise might receiue comfort and strength therby : So likewise this water , if it be not drunke at a conuenient time and season , in due fashion and proportion , yea , and that after preparatiues and requisite purging and euacuation of the body , may easily 〈◊〉 hurt those , whose infirmities otherwise it doth principally respect . For medicines ought not to be taken rashly , and vnaduisedly , as most doe hand ouer head without any consideration of time , place , and other circumstances ; as that ignorant man did , who getting the recipt of that medicine , wherewith formerly he had been cured , made triall of it againe long after for the same infirmity without any helpe or good at all ; whereat greatly maruailing , receiued this answer frō his Physitian : I confesse ( said hee ) it was the selfe same medicine , but because I did not giue it , therefore it did you no good . To the end therefore , that no occasion may hereafter be either giuen , or taken by the misgouernement , or ouerrashnesse of any in vsing it to calumniate and traduce the worth , and goodnesse of this fountaine , I will briefly here sh●w , what course is chiefly to be followed and obserued by those who shall stand in need of it . First then , because very few men are throughly and sufficiently informed concerning the natures , and causes of their grieuances , it will be necessary that euery one shold apply himselfe to some one , or other , who either out of his iudgement , or experience , or both , may truely be able to giue him counsell and good aduice concerning the conueniency of this fountaine . And if he shall be auised to vse it , then let the party ( in the feare of God ) addresse himselfe for his way to it , against the fit season of it , without making any long and tedious daies iourneys , which cause lassitude , and wearinesse . Then , being come to the place , he ought after a dayes rest , or two , to haue his body wel prepared , & gently clensed with easie lenitiues , or purgatiues , both fit , and appropriate , as well to the habite and constitution thereof , as also for the disease it selfe , and as occasion shall require , according to the rule of method , which teacheth that vniversall or generall remedies ought euer to precede and goe before particula●● . Now what these are in speciall , to fit euery ones case in particular , is impossible either for me here , or any else to define precisely . Ars non versatur circa indiuidua . We may see it true in mechanicall trades . No one shoomaker can fit all by one Last : nor any one taylor can suite all by one , and the selfe same measure . Yet in regard it may perhaps bee expected that something should be said herein , I say , that in the beginning ( if occasion serue ) some easie Clyster may very fitly bee giuen , as well for emptying the lower intestines from their vsuall excrements , as for carying away and clensing the mucose slimes contained therein . After that , it will be conuenient to prepare the body by some Iulep or Apozeme , or to giue some lenitiue medicine to free the first region of the body from excrements . For otherwise the water might peraduenture conuey some part of them , or other peccāt matter , which it findeth in his passage either into the bladder , or to some other weake , and infirme member of the body , to the increase of that euill disposition , which is to be remoued , or else to the breeding of some other new infirmity . Some perhaps will here obiect and say , that the time of the yeere , in which this fountaine will be found to bee most vsefull , will be the hottest season thereof ; or ( if you list so to call it ) the dog-daies , when it will be no fit time to purge at all . To this I answer and say : First , the purging medicines here required are not strong , and generous , but gentle , mild and weake , such as are styled Benedicta medicamenta : which may with great safetie and profit bee giuen either then or at any other time of the yeere without any danger , or respect of any such like like circumstance at all . Secondly I answer ; Although this obseruation of the dog-dayes might perhaps be of some moment in hotter countries , as Greece , where Hippocrates liued , who first made mention of those daies : Yet in colder climates , as England , and such like Countries , they are of little or small force at all , and almost not to be regarded any whit , either in vsing mild & temperate purgatiues , or almost in any other ; or in blood-letting : though very many , or most doe erroniously say and thinke the contrary . So that ( if there be cause ) they may as well and safely then purge , as at any other time : Or , if occasion shall vrge , as in plethoricall bodies , and many other cases , a veine may safely ( or rather most commodiously ) be then opened , and so much blood taken away , as the skilfull Physitian shall thinke in his discretion and wisdome to be needfull and requisite . Let no man here think , that this is any strange position , or a new paradoxe ( for the learned know the contrary ) or that I am studious of innouation , but rather desirous to roote out an old and inueterate errour , which in all probabilitie hath cost moe English mens liues , then would furnish a royall army , in neglecting those two greater helpes or remedies , to wit , Purging , and Blood-letting in hot seasons of the yeare ; which in all likelihood might haue saued many of their liues , while expecting more temperate weather , they haue beene summoned in the meane time , or interim , by the messenger of pale death to appeare in an other world . Wherefore let all those who are yet liuing , bee admonished hereafter by their examples , not obstinately and wilfully to eschue and shunne these two remedies in hot seasons , and in the time of the Dog-dayes , ( much lesse all other manner of physicall helpes ) not once knowing so much as why , or wherefore , and without any reason at all , following blind and superstitious tradition , and error , haply first broched by some vnworthy and ignorant Physitian , not rightly vnderstanding Hippocrates his saying in all likelyhood , or at least wise misapplying it . Which hath so preuailed in these times , that it hath not onely worne out the vse of purging , but also of all other physicke for that season , because most people by the name of physicke vnderstanding purging onely , and nothing else . As though the art and science of Physicke was nothing else , but to giue a potion or purge . Then we rightly and truly might say , Filia deuorauit matrem . But for as much as most people are altogether ignorant of the true ground or reason , from whence this so dangerous an error concerning the Dog-dayes did first spring and arise , giue me leaue a little to goe on with this my digression , for their better instruction , and satisfaction ; and I will briefly , and in few lines shew the case , and the mistake somewhat more plainly . Hippocrates in his fourth booke of Aphorismes , the fift , hath these words : Sub canicula , & ante caniculam difficiles sunt purgationes . That is , vnder the canicular , or dog-star , and before the dog-star , purgations are painfull and difficill . This is all that is there said of them , or brought against them for that season , or time of the yeare . A great stumbling-blocke , against which many haue dashed their feet , and knockt their shinnes , and a fearfull scar-crow , whereat too many haue nicely boggled . Here you doe not find or see purging medicines to bee then prohibited , or forbidden to be giuen at all ( much lesse all other physicke ) but onely said to be difficill in their working : partly because ( as all expositors agree ) nature is then somewhat enfeebled by the great heat of the weather ; partly because the humours being then , as it were , accended , are more chaffed by the heat of the purging medicines ; partly , and lastly , because two contrary motions seeme then to be at one and the same time , which may offend nature ; as the great heat of the weather leading the humours of the body outwardly to the circumference thereof , and the medicine drawing them inwardly to the center . All which circumstances in our cold region are little , or nothing at all ( as formerly hath beene mentioned ) to be regarded . For as Iacobus Hollerius , a French Physitian , much honoured for his great learning and iudgement , hath very well obserued in his Comment vpon this Aphorisme ; Hippocrates speaketh here onely of those purging medicines , which are strong , and vehement , or hot and fiery ; and that this precept is to take place in most hot Regions , but not in these cold Countries , as France , England , and the like . Ouer and beside all this , those churlish hot purging medicines , which were then in frequent vse in Hippocrates his time , and some hundred of yeares after , are now for most part obsolete , and quite growne out of vse , seldome brought in practice by Physitians in these dayes ; because we haue within these last six hundred yeares great choice and variety of more mild , benigne , and gentle purgatiues found out by the Arabian Physitians , which were altogether vnknowne vnto the ancients , to wit , Hippocrates , Dioscorides , Galen , &c. which haue little heat , and acrimony , many wherof are temperate , and diuers cooling , which may most safely be giuen either in the hottest times and seasons of the yeare , or in the hottest diseases . Let vs adde to these the like familiar and gentle purging medicines more lately , yea , almost daily newly found out since the better discoueries of the East and West Indies . So that henceforth let no man feare to take either easie purgatiues , or other inward Physicke , in the time of the canicular , or dog-dayes . The same Hollerius goeth on in the exposition and interpretation of the said Aphorisme , and confidently saith : Ouer & besides that we haue benigne medicines , which we may then vse , as Cassia , &c. Wee know and finde by experience no time here with vs more wholsome and more temperat ( especially when the Etesian , or Easterly winds do blow ) then the Canicular dayes : so that , wee finde by obseruation , that those diseases which are bred in the moneths of Iune and Iuly , doe end in August , and in the Canicular dayes . Wherefore , if a disease happen in those dayes , we feare not to open a veyne diuers times , and often , as also to prescribe more strong purging medicines . Wherefore away henceforth with the scrupulous conceit , and too nice feare of the Dogge-dayes , and let their supposed danger be had no more in remembrance among vs. And if any will yet remaine obstinate , and still refuse to haue their beames pulled out of their eyes , let them still be blinde in the middest of the cleare Sun-shine , and groape on after darknes : and let all learned Physitians rather pitty their follies , then enuy their wits . CHAP. 13. At what time of the yeare , and at what houre of the day it is most fit and meet to drinke this water . TO speake in generall tearmes , it is a fit time to drinke it , when the ayre is pure , cleare , hot and dry : for then the water is more tart , and more easily digested , then at other times . On the contrary , it is best to forbeare , when the ayre is cold , moist , darke , dull and misty : for then it is more feeble , and harder to be concocted . But more specially , the most proper season to vndertake this our English Spaw dyet , will be from the middest or latter end of Iune to the middle of September , or longer , according as the season of the yeare shall fall out to be hot and dry , or otherwise . Not that in the Spring time , and in Winter it is not also good , but for that the ayre being more pure in Sommer , the water also must needs be of greater force and power . Notwithstanding it may sometime so happen in Sommer , that by reason of some extraordinary falling of raine , there may be a cessation from it for a day or two . Or if it chance to haue rained ouer night , it will then be fit and necessary to refraine from drinking of it , vntill the raine bee passed away againe : or else ( which I like better ) the fountaine laded dry , and filled againe , which may well be done in an hower , or two at most . Touching the time of the day , when it is best to drinke this water , questionlesse the most conuenient hower will be in the morning , when the party is empty , and fasting , about seauen aclocke : Nature hauing first discharged her selfe of daily excrements both by stoole and vrine , and the concoctions perfected . This time is likewise fittest for exercise , which is a great good help , and furtherance for the better distribution of the water , whereby it doth produce its effects more speedily . CHAP. 14. Of the manner of drinking this water , and the quantitie thereof . THose who desire the benefit of this Fountaine , ought to goe to it some what early in the morning , & , if they be able and strong of body , they may doe very well to walke to it on foot , or at least wise some part of the way . Such , as haue weake and feeble leggs may ride on horsebacke , or be caryed in coaches , or borne in chaires . As for those , whose infirmities cause them to keepe their beds , or chambers , they may drinke the water in their lodgings , it being speedily brought to them in a vessell or glasse well stopt . It is not my meaning or purpose to describe here particularly , what quantitie of it is fit and meet for euery one to drinke : for this is part of the taske and office , which belongeth to the Physitian , who shall be of counsell with the Patient in preparing and well ordering of him : who is to consider all the seuerall circumstances , as well of the maladie or disease it selfe , as of his habite and constitution , &c. Neuerthelesse I may aduise , that at the first it be moderately taken , increasing the quantitie daily by degrees , vntill they shall come at last to the full height of the proportion appointed , and thought to be meet and necessary . There they are then to stay , and so to continue at that quantitie , so long as it shall be needfull . For example , the first morning may happely be 16 or 18 ounces , and so on by degrees to 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. or moe , in people , who are of good and strong constitutions . Towards the ending , the abatement ought likewise to be made by degrees , as the increment was formerly made by little and little . Here by the way every one must be admonished to take notice , that it is not alwayes best to drinke most , lest they chance to oppresse and ouercharge Nature , that would rather be content with lesse . It will therefore be more safe , to take it rather somewhat sparingly , though for a longer time , then liberally and for a short time . But , indeed , the truest and iustest proportion of it , is euer to be made and esteemed , by the good and laudable concoction of it , and by the due and orderly voiding of it againe . It will not be here amisse to adde this one obseruation further : That it is better to drinke this water once a day , then twice , and that in the mornings , after that the Sunne hath dryed vp & consumed the vapors retained through the coldnesse of the night , &c. as is formerly declared . After drinking it , it will be needfull to abstaine from meat & other drinke for the space of three or foure dayes . But if any one , who hath a good stomacke , shall be desirous to take it twice a day ; or if any shall bee necessarily compelled so to doe for some vrgent cause , by the approbation of his Physitian , let him dine somewhat sparingly , and drinke it not againe , vntill fiue houres after dinner be past , or not vntill the concoction of meat and drinke in the stomacke be perfected : Obseruing likewise , that hee content himselfe in the afternoones with almost halfe the quantity he vseth to take in the mornings . CHAP. 15. Of the manner of dyès to be obserued by those , who shall vse this water . THe regiment of life in meats and drinks , ought chiefly to consist in the right and moderate vse of those , which are of light and easie digestion , and of good and wholesome nourishment , breeding laudable iuice . Therefore all those are to be auoyded , which beget crude and ill humours . There ought furthermore speciall notice to be taken , that great diuersity of meats and dishes at one meale is very hurtfull , as also much condiments , sauces , spice , fat , &c. in their dressing and cookery . I commend hens , capons , pullets , chickens , partridge , phesants , turkies , and generally all such small birds , as liue in woods , hedges , and mountaines . Likewise I doe approue of veale , mutton , kid , lambe , rabbets young hare or leuerits , &c. All which ( for the most part ) are rather to be roasted then boyled . Neuerthelesse those , who are affected with any dry distemper , or those , who otherwise are so accustomed to feed , may haue their meats sodden ; but the plainer dressing , the better . I discommend all salt meats , beefe , bacon , porke , larde , and larded meats , hare , venison , tripes , and the entrailes of beasts , puddings made with blood , pig , goose , swan , teale , mallard , and such like ; and in generall all water-Fowle , as being of hard digestion and ill nutriment . Amongst the seuerall kinds of fishes , trouts , pearches , loaches , and for most part , all scaly fish of brookes , and fresh riuers may well bee permitted . Moreouer smelts , soales , dabs , whitings , sturbuts , gurnets , and all such other , as are well knowne not to be ill , or vnwholesome to feed on . All which may be altered with mint , hyssope , anise , &c. Also cre-fishes , crab-fish , lobsters , and the like , may bee permitted . Cunger , salmon , eeles , lampries , herrings , salt-ling , all salt-fish , sturgion , anchouies , oysters , cockles , muscles , and the like shell-fish are to be disallowed . White-meats , as milke , cruds , creame , old cheese , custards , white-pots , pudding-pyes , and other like milke-meats , ( except sweet butter , and new creame cheese ) are to be forbidden . Soft and reer egges we doe not prohibit . Raisons with almonds , bisket-bread , marchpane-stuffe , suckets , and the like , are not here forbidden to be eaten . Let their bread be made of wheat , very well wrought , fermented or leauened ; and let their drinke be beere well boyled and brewed ; and let it bee stale , or old enough , but in no wise tart , sharp , or sower : And aboue all let them forbeare to mixe the water of the fountaine with their drinke at meales ; for that may cause many inconueniences to follow , and ensue . Let me aduise them to eschew apples , peares , plumbs , codlings , gooseberries , and all such like sommer fruits , either raw , in tarts , or otherwise : Also pease , and all other pulse ; all cold sallets , and raw hearbs ; onions , leekes , chiues , cabbage or coleworts , pompons , cucumbers , and the like . In stead of cheese at the end of meales , it will not bee amisse to eate citron , or lemon pils condited , or else fenell , anise , coriander comfits , or biskets and carawayes , as well for to discusse and expell wind , as to shut and close the stomacke , for the better furthering the digestion of meats , and drinkes . And for that purpose , it would bee much better , if the Physitian , who is of counsell , should appoint and ordaine some fit and proper Tragea in grosse powder mixed with sugar , or else made into little cakes or morsels . Likewise marmalade of quinces , either simple or compound , ( such as the Physitians do often prescribe to their patients ) may be vsed very commodiously . After dinner they ought to vse no violent exercise , neither ought they to sit still , sadly , heauy , and musing , nor to slumber , and sleepe ; but rather to stirre a little , and to raise vp the spirits for an houre or two , by some fit recreation . After supper they may take a walke into the fields , or Castle yard . CHAP. 16. Of the Symptomes or accidents , which may now and then chance to happen to some one or other in the vse of this water . ALthough those who are of good and strong constitutions , obseruing the aforenamed direction , doe seldome or neuer receiue any hurme , or detriment by drinking this water : notwithstanding it may sometime so fall forth , that some of the weaker sort may perhaps obserue some little , or small inconuenience thereby , as retention of it in the body : inflation of the bellie : costiuenesse , and the like . Wherefore to gratifie those , a word two of euery one shall suffice . First then , for to cause a more ready and speedy passage of it by vrine , it will not be amisse to counsel the partie after his returne to his lodging to goe to his naked bed for an houre or two , that thereby warmnesse , and naturall heat may be brought into each part of the body , the passages more opened , and nature by that meanes made more fit and apt for the expulsion of it . During which time it will be very requisite to apply hot cloathes to the stomack : but not so as to prouoke sweat . Or else , to cause it to voyd and evacuate either by vrine , stoole , or sweat , exercise will be a good helpe and furtherance ; if the party be fit for it . But if neither of these will preuaile , then a sharpe glyster ought to be administred . The inflation or swelling of the belly hapneth principally to those , who haue feeble and weake stomacks ; who may do very wel to eate anise , fenell , or coriander comfits at the fountaine betweene euery draught , and to walke a little after ; or else some carminatiue Lozenges , made with grossepowders , spices and seeds for breaking of wind : or what other thing the learned Physitian shall deeme to be most fit and proper in his wisdome , and iudgment . But if the inflation chance to be very great , then a carminatine glyster must be ordained . Such as shall be very costiue may doe well to eat moistning meats , and to vse mollifying hearbes , raisons stoned , corants , damascene prunes , butter , or the yolkes of egges , and the like in their broths , or pottage . If these will not be sufficient , then let a day be spared from drinking the water , and let the party take some lenitiue medicine , as laxatiue corants , or some such like thing ; whereof the Physitian hath euer great choice and variety , wherewith he can fit directly euery one his case ; to whom present recourse euer ought to be had , when any of these , or the like accidents doe happen , as likewise in all other cases of waight and moment . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A20002-e360 Obiect . Answ . 1. 2.