Epictetus junior, or, Maximes of modern morality in two centuries / collected by J.D. of Kidwelly. Maximes. English La Rochefoucauld, François, duc de, 1613-1680. 1670 Approx. 89 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 78 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2005-12 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A49597 Wing L451 ESTC R10485 12092125 ocm 12092125 53906 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A49597) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 53906) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 74:6) Epictetus junior, or, Maximes of modern morality in two centuries / collected by J.D. of Kidwelly. Maximes. English La Rochefoucauld, François, duc de, 1613-1680. Davies, John, 1625-1693. [11], 137, [6] p. Printed for T. Bassett ..., London : 1670. Attributed to Franco̧is La Rochefoucauld. Cf. Wing (2nd ed.). Collected and translated by John Davies. Cf. Halkett & Laing (2nd ed.). Licensed Nov. 8, 1669. Roger L'Estrange--P. [1]. Reproduction of original in Yale University Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. 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Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Maxims. 2005-06 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2005-06 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2005-07 Andrew Kuster Sampled and proofread 2005-07 Andrew Kuster Text and markup reviewed and edited 2005-10 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion LICENSED , Nov. 8. 1669. Roger L'Estrange . EPICTETUS JUNIOR , OR MAXIMES OF MODERN MORALITY . IN Two Centuries . Collected By J. D. of Kidwelly . LONDON , Printed for T. Bassett , at the George in Fleet-street , near Cliffords-Inn , 1670. TO THE MUCH HONOURED FRANCIS WATSON Esq . SIR , THough all the parts of Philosophy have their several excellencies , and perfections , yet may we justly , in point of extent , assign the preheminence to Morality . For , if the Dictates of this last , by a natural currency , diffuse themselves into all humane Transactions , so as that whatever is done by Man derives its approbation or disallowance from a consonancy or opposition thereto , what can be less said of It , then that it hath a general influence over Mankind , that all Rational Nature is its adaequate subject , and that all Action , as well that of those of the highest , as those of the lowest rank , falls under the verge of it's Direction ? Hence came it , that among the ancient Philosophers , they who most earnestly apply'd themselves to the cultivation and advancement of Morality , were look'd upon as the greatest Exemplars of Life , and had , from their numerous Auditors , all the veneration and respects , which generous Contributors to the happy Government and civilization of their Countries could with justice expect : whilst those others , whose studies transcended the capacities of the Many , were forc'd to content themselves with the applause and acclamations of the Few . Nay , this Consideration may be press'd yet further , if we come to weigh the obligations , which the other parts of Philosophy have to This. For , whether we reflect on the Naturalists , searching into the miraculous abysses of Nature ; or on the Politician , contriving the Government of Nations , by a strict inspection into their different Humours and Manners ; or lastly on the Oeconomist , regulating his private and domestick Concerns , we must affirm , that their several attempts will not attain their proposed accomplishment , without the concurrence and illumination of Morality . These , Sir , were the Prerogatives of Morality while its Precepts were gently conducive to the happy conduct of mens lives . But into what impure hands it hath fallen of late years , and how it hath been disorder'd and debauch'd into pestilent and pernicious deductions , I am unwilling to press at this time ; wishing only , that the present Age may be so happy , as to weather out the mischievous Principles wherewith extravagant Casuisme hath so strangely pester'd it . As to the present Collection of Maximes , I am to acknowledge , that the greatest part of it was made by a person of eminent Quality in France . The several Editions of it there , and in the Low-Countries , sufficiently argue its kind reception among the Ingenious , in those parts . That it will be in some measure kindly entertain'd here , I have some encouragement to hope ; and this , partly from the Excellency and Novelty of the things themselves , and partly from their Dedication to a Person , who , by his engagement in Embassies to the remotest parts of Christendome , and his publick Concerns abroad upon other accounts , hath had the opportunities of Seeing the Manners , and surveying the Cities of many Nations . That your great and generous Designs may meet with the success you propose to your self , is the earnest wish of , SIR , Your most humble , and much obliged Servant , J. DAVIES . EPICTETUS JUNIOR , OR MAXIMES OF MODERN MORALITY . VIces enter into the composition of Virtues , as Poisons do into that of Physical Remedies ; the intermixture thereof is made by Prudence , which by that allay makes an advantageous use of them , against the Evils and inconveniences of humane life . II. The Virtue observable in the ordinary sort of men is only a Phantasm , fram'd by our Passions , on which we bestow a plausible name , that we may pursue our own inclinations , without any fear of punishment . III. All the Virtues men so much pretend to , are swallow'd up in Interest , as Rivers lose their names when they fall into the Sea. IV. Crimes put on a certain shew of innocence , nay sometimes become glorious , either upon the account of their number , or their quality : Thence it proceeds , that publick Robberies are look'd on , as the effects of conduct , design , and subtilty , and the taking of Provinces without any just pretence , is called Conquest . Thus is there an Heroick management of Criminal actions , as well as of Virtuous . V. We are many times kept within the limits of our duty by Shame , Sloth , and Timorousness , while in the mean time our Virtue hath all the credit of it . VI. If we excise from that which is called Courage the desire of preserving and the fear of losing , it would not have any great matter left it . VII . Clemency is an intermixture of Repute , Sloth , and Fear , of which we make up a Virtue ; and among Princes , it is only a political Intrigue , whereof they make their advantage to cajol the affection of the people . VIII . The Constancy of the wiser sort , is but a certain Artifice , wherewith they know how to repress the agitation of their Souls . IX . Gravity of deportment is a mysterious carriage of the Body , found out to eclipse the imperfections of the Mind . X. Severity and Reserv'dness in Women is a daubing embellishment , whereby they endeavour to heighten their Beauty ; in a word , it is a certain delicate and subtle Attraction , and a disguis'd Insinuation . XI . Those Reconciliations between enemies , which seem to be carry'd on with Sincerity , Complyance and Tenderness , are truly the effects of a Desire of bettering ones condition , weariness of War , and a fear of some unfortunate adventure . XII . We are to make the same estimate of Gratitude , as of just dealing among Merchants ; This maintains Commerce , and we satisfy our Obligations , not so much upon the score of Justice , as out of a conceit , that we shall thereby more easily prevail with others to give us credit . XIII . Men are not only apt to be guilty of an equal oblivion of benefits and injuries , but they also hate those who have obliged them . Pride and Interest are upon all accounts the Parents of Ingratitude . The acknowledgments of Kindnesses , and the requitals of Ill-turns seem to them a kind of slavery , whereto they think it a hard matter to submit . XIV . There is no Virtue so highly celebrated as Prudence , and men have that fondness for it , as that it deserves the greatest Elogies . It is the square of our Actions , and the level of our Conduct . Though Fortune-seems to be an Universal Mistress , yet Prudence is hers . She causes the dilatations and decays of Empires ; her absence occasions all inconveniences and disasters ; her concurrence , all felicity . And as an ancient Poet expresses himself , when we are guided by Prudence , we are surrounded by all the other Divinities , as if he said , that , in Prudence , we meet with all the assistances we desire of the Gods. And yet the most accomplish'd Prudence we can imagine , cannot give us any assurance of the most inconsiderable effect of the World , inasmuch as being exercis'd on a subject so inconstant and so common , as man is , she cannot with any certainty execute any of her designs . God only , who hath the guidance of all mens hearts , and the absolute disposal of their inclinations , brings the things dependent thereon to their due effect . Whence we are to make this conclusion , that all the commendations we give our Prudence , whether out of ignorance or vanity , are so many injuries done by us to his Providence . XV. The Qualities a man really hath , make him not so ridiculous as those which out of pure affectation he pretends to have . XVI . Our Promises are always made with a reflection on our Hopes , and perform'd according to our fears . XVII . A man is extreamly exasperated to be circumvented by his Enemies , and betrayed by his Friends ; and yet he is satisfied to be deceiv'd by himself . XVIII . It is as easie for a man to be self-deceiv'd , without being sensible of it , as it is hard to deceive others , without their perceiving it . XIX . It is one of the most pleasant humours in the world to see two men met together , one to receive advice , the other to give it . The one demeans himself with a respectful and compliant indifference , and says , that he comes to receive directions , and to submit his sentiments to the other's ; and yet for the most part he comes to have his own confirm'd , and to get the other's warranty of his advice upon the affair he proposes to him . On the contrary , he who is consulted seems to requite the sincerity of his Friend with an earnest and dis-interessed zeal to serve him , and in the mean time examines his own Concerns , for rules whereby to advise him ; so that his Counsel becomes more advantageous to himself , than to him who receives it . XX. 'T is an ill expression , to say , Such or such a thing proceeds from Weakness of Mind ; for it is , in effect , a Weakness of the Temperament , which is only an inability of acting , and a default in the principle of life . XXI . Nothing is impossible ; there are certain ways conducing to the accomplishment of all things , and if we had Will enough , we should never be destitute of the means . XXII . Compassion is a resentment of our own Evils , and a reflection on them in a subject at some distance from us . It is a crafty foresight of those misfortunes into which we may fall our selves , which inclines us to the relief of others ; out of an imagination , that they are engag'd to retaliation upon the like occasions . So that the services we render those who are fallen into any misfortune , are , properly speaking , but kindnesses done to our selves by way of anticipation . XXIII . He is not to be accounted a rational person , who thinks he hath reason for what he does , but he who hath a delightful and discerning assurance , of his acting according to the dictates thereof . XXIV . As for the acknowledgment of our failings and imperfections , it proceeds from a desire of repairing the prejudice which they do us in the apprehensions of others , by the impression we give them of the justice of our own . XXV . Humility is a counterfeit submission , whereby we endeavour to bring all others into a complyance with our humours . It is a slight sally of Pride , whereby it humbles it self before men , out of a design to advance it self above them . This is its greatest disguise and its first Stratagem : and as it is out of all question , that there never was any such thing , as the Proteus mentioned in the ancient Fables , so is it certain , that Pride is such a real one in Nature . For it assumes what forms it pleases ; but though it be a strange and pleasant spectacle , to see it in all its figures , and in all its insinuations , yet is it to be acknowledged , that it is never so rare , nor so extraordinary , as when we see it with its eyes fixt on the ground , a countenance full of modesty and composure ; words overflowing with mildness and respect , and a certain contempt of it self : as if it would say , I am unworthy the Honours that are done me , incapable of the Employments forc'd upon me ; and that it receiv'd the Charges whereto it is advanc'd only as an effect of mens excessive goodness towards it , and a blind supererogation of Fortune's liberality . XXVI . Moderation in Prosperity is either a dreadful apprehension of losing what a man is possess'd of , or a fear of that shame which attends extravagance and excess . It may also be said , that a moderate person is one whose humours are in a certain indisturbance , as being becalm'd by the satisfaction of his mind . XXVII . We may further give this Character of Moderation , that it is a fear of disparagement and contempt , which attends those who are besotted with their own felicity . It is a vain Ostentation of a resolute mind . In fine , to give it yet a more pertinent definition , we may affirm , that the moderation of men in their highest advancements is an Ambition of seeming greater , than those things whereby they are advanc'd . XXVIII . How can a man forbear laughing at this Virtue , and the opinion generally conceived of it ? How fondly is it imagined , that Ambition is oppos'd , and in a manner reduced to a certain mediocrity by Moderation , when they never meet together , the latter being truly but a certain Sloth , demission of Spirit , and a defect of Courage ? So that it may justly be said , that Moderation is a certain depression of the Soul , as Ambition is the elevation of it . XXIX . Chastity in Women is a certain fondness of their Reputation , and a love of their quiet . XXX . Since the Neapolitane Evil came to reign in the World , the fear of infection hath contributed more to the honesty of both Sexes , then any consideration of Virtue : and yet there will ever be such , as shall prosecute their enjoyments , with a defiance of diseases . XXXI . There is no such thing as Liberality , and it may be said to be a Vanity of giving , whereof we are more fond , then of that which we give . XXXII . Temperance and Sobriety are the effects of our Love of Health , or argue disability of eating or drinking much . XXXIII . Fidelity is a rare invention of Self-Love , whereby a man advancing himself to be a Depository of precious things , enhances himself to a more extraordinary value . Of all the several commerces of Self-Love , this is that wherein it makes least advancement , and greatest advantages . It is the subtlest part of its Politicks ; for it engages men by their Liberties and their Lives ( which they are forc'd to expose upon certain occasions ) to raise the faithful person to a pitch of esteem above all the World. XXXIV . The ordinary Education of Princes , is a second Self-Love inspir'd into them . XXXV . Our Repentance proceeds not from the remorse conceiv'd at our Actions , but from the prejudice we are apt to receive thereby . XXXVI . It is a hard matter to distinguish between Goodness consider'd in its full extent generally exercis'd towards all persons , and an accomplish'd subtlety . XXXVII . Whoever shall superficially consider all the effects of Goodness , which causes us to neglect our own concerns , and obliges us to make a perpetual sacrifice of our selves for the benefit of others , will be tempted to imagine , that , while it acts , Self-Love admits a certain oblivion and abnegation of it self . Nay he will be apt to think , that it suffers it self to be devested and impoverish'd , without so much as perceiving any such thing ; insomuch that Self-Love seems to be a certain decoy to Goodness . And yet , it is to be presum'd that Goodness is the most proper of all the means , which Self-Love makes use of , to compass its ends . It is a close and secret path , whereby it returns to it self with a richer booty . It is a certain discare of its own concerns , which it puts out at an excessive usury . In fine it is a well-lodg'd Spring , wherewith it reunites , disposes , and winds up all men to promote its own advantages . XXXVIII . No man deserves the commendation due upon the account of Goodness , if he have not the resolution and courage to be wicked . All other degrees of Goodness argue only a privation and Lethargy of Vices . XXXIX . The Love of Justice in upright Judges , who are moderate persons , is only a love of their own exaltation . In the greatest part of men , it is only a fear of suffering injustice , and a lively apprehension of our being depriv'd of that which belongs to us . Hence proceed that consideration and respect which we have for the concerns of our Neighbour , and that scrupulous suspence of doing him any prejudice . Were it not for this fear , which confines a man to a contentedness with those goods bestow'd on him by his Birth or Fortune , he would , incited by a violent desire of self-preservation , endeavour to be continually preying upon others . XL. In Justice we may reflect on four considerables , Justice it self which sees no more then what it ought to see ; Integrity , which weighs the true right and merit of things ; Perspicacity , which perceives things imperceptible of themselves ; and Judgment , which gives sentence what the things are . And yet if we perfectly examine it , we shall find , that all its Qualities may be summ'd up in one accomplishment , called Grandeur of Mind , which in all emergencies , by reason of its extraordinary illumination , sees all the advantages before mentioned . XLI . Judgment is only a Grandeur of the Mind ; heightned with all acquirable illumination : The same thing may be said of its extent , of its depth , of its discerning faculty , of its justice , of its integrity , and of its perspicacity . The extent of the mind is the measure of that illumination ; the depth is that which discovers the grounds of things ; by the discretive faculty the same things are compar'd together and distinguish'd . XLII . Perseverance is neither blame-worthy nor praise-worthy ; inasmuch as it is a continuation of those gusts and sentiments , which it is not in a man's power to assume or devest himself of . XLIII . Truth , from which men are denominated ingenuous and sincere , is an imperceptible ambition they have , to render their testimony considerable , and ingage others to give a religious respect and credit to their words . XLIV . Truth is the ground-work and justification of Reason , Perfection , and Beauty : for it is certain , that a thing , what ever nature it be of , is beautiful and perfect , if it be all it ought to be , and if it have all it ought to have . XLV . True Eloquence consists in saying whatever is requisite , and in not saying any more then what is requisite . XLVI . There is as great a discovery of Eloquence in the accent of the voice , 〈…〉 he choice of words . XLVII . The Passions are the only Orators which always perswade : They are as it were an Art in Nature , whose Rules are infallible . By this latter the simplest person in the World may have greater success in perswasion , then another with all the artifices and flowers of Eloquence . XLVIII . There is not any thing so contagious as Example , and whatever actions are done remarkable either for their Goodness or Mischief , they are Patterns to others to do the like . The imitation of virtuous actions proceeds from Emulation ; and the imitation of lewd actions proceeds from an excess of natural malignancy , which , being as it were kept in restraint by Goodness , is set at liberty by Example . XLIX . Imitation always proves unfortunate , and whatever is counterfeited breeds a disgust , and that in those very things which would delight , if they were naturally represented . L. It is observable in persons brought to publick execution , that they express a certain constancy , in their punishment , and betray an indifference and contempt of death : yet all is but a personated affectation , and done out of design to perswade that they think not of it . So that it may be said , that those seeming indifferences and contempts do that to their mind , which the Cap pull'd down over their faces does to their Eyes . LI. Few know what Death is . It is endúr'd , not out of resolution , but stupidity and custom , and the greatest part of men dy , without any other reflection on their departure hence , then that others go the same way . LII . We fear all things with a certain acknowledgment of our Mortality , and we desire all , as if we were Immortal . LIII . Subtlety is a counterfeit perspicacity , and Perspicacity is a solid Subtlety . LIV. The World not having the apprehension or knowledge of true merit , must accordingly be incapable of requiting it . Thence it comes , that it advances to its grandeurs and dignities , only such persons as have some excellency of endowments in appearance , and it generally crowns whatever glisters , though all be not gold that does so . LV. As there are some meats , which , though good , bring a certain qualm and coldness over the heart , so is there a kind of faint Merit , and some persons , who , with their excellent and esteemable qualities give a disgust to those they converse withal . LVI . Whatever dazles breeds admiration , and the art of setting off mean qualities with advantage surprizes mens esteem , and many times gains greater reputation then true Merit . LVII . Soveraign Princes use their subjects as they do their Coins ; they give them what value they please , and others are forc'd to receive them according to their currency ; and not according to their true worth . LVIII . It is not only sufficient that a man be Master of great Qualities , but it is also requisite he have the Oeconomy thereof . LIX . There are certain persons whose recommendation and merit consists in the saying or doing of ridiculous things with some advantage , and who would spoil all they undertook , if they took any other course . LX. Nay there are some persons whom their imperfections become well , and others , who are disparag'd by their good Qualities . LXI . There are a sort of simple persons , who are sufficiently sensible of their simplicity , and yet betray a certain subtilty in the management of it . LXII . God hath dispos'd different Talents in man , as he hath planted kinds of Trees in Nature ; insomuch that , as every tree , so every Talent hath its properties and effects which are peculiar thereto . Whence it comes , that the best Pear-tree in the world cannot bear Apples , though of the most ordinary sort , and so consequently the most excellent Talent cannot produce the same effects with those which are most common . Thence we may also make this further deduction , that it is as ridiculous for a man to pretend to those fruits whereof he hath not the seeds in himself , as to expect that a Garden should bring forth Tulips , when nothing but Onions had been sown in it . LXIII . Whoever is desirous to be setled in the World uses his utmost endeavours to have it believ'd , that he is so setled already . In all Professions and Arts , every one assumes a certain mean , and exteriour deportment , which he substitutes into the place of the Thing , whereof he would pretend to the reality and merit . So that all the world is but an artificious representation of several garbs , and it is in vain we take pains to find therein the Things themselves . LXIV . There are a sort of people may be compar'd to those trivial Songs , which all are in an humour to sing for a certain time , how flat and distasteful soever they may be . LXV . That degree of honour which a man hath already acquir'd is the security , to him , of what he may afterwards acquire . LXVI . As in Nature there is an eternal generation , and that the corruption of one thing is always the production of another : in like manner is there in the heart of man a perpetual generation , or repullulation of Passions , so that the expiration of one is always the re-establishment of another . LXVII . I am in some suspence , whether that Maxime , That every thing produces its like , be true in natural things : but certain I am , that it is false in Morality , and that among the Passions , some many times beget such as are contrary to them . Thus Avarice does sometimes produce Liberality ; a man may be constant or resolute , out of weakness , and boldness may proceed from Timidity . LXVIII . That Man was not created as he now is , may be convictively argu'd hence , that the more rational he becomes , the more he is asham'd in himself at the extravagance , the meanness , and the corruption of his sentiments and inclinations . LXIX . Men are always mistaken in the judgment they make of our Actions , when these latter transcend our designs . LXX . It is requisite there should be a certain proportion between the Actions and the Designs whereby they are produced : the Actions are never so fully effectual as they ought to be . LXXI . Passion does many times make the subtlest man a fool , and , on the contrary for the most part makes the simplest persons seem to be subtle . LXXII . Every man is not more different from other men , than he is many times from himself . LXXIII . All people are apt to censure and find fault with that in others , which is no less censureable in themselves . LXXIV . A person of excellent parts would many times be at a loss , were it not for the company of fools . LXXV . Mens reflections and sentiments have each of them a certain accent of voice , and an action and air peculiar thereto . LXXVI . These qualifications make either good or bad Comedians ; and hence it comes also that certain persons are pleasant or unpleasant in conversation . LXXVII . The confidence a man hath of being pleasant in his demeanour is a means whereby he infallibly comes to be such . LXXVIII . There is not any thing should abate so much of the satisfaction we conceive of our selves , as our observance , that we now disapprove of the conditions and sentiments we formerly had been of . LXXIX . We never in a manner have courage enough to follow the full bent of our Reason . LXXX . The love and inclinations we find in our selves for new Acquaintances , proceeds not so much from a weariness or satiety of the old ones , nor yet from the satisfaction of variety , as from the disgust we conceive at our not being sufficiently admir'd by those who know us too well , and the hope we are in of gaining a greater admiration among those who are not much acquainted . with us . LXXXI . Great souls are not those who are less subject to Passions , and have greater attendance of Virtues , than the ordinary ones , but those only who have greater Illuminations . LXXXII . There are some who make it their boast that they are not wearied , or out of humour ; but how impertinently they do it , appears hence , that no man without being ridiculous , can be so fondly conceited of himself , as that some time or other he should not be ill company . LXXXIII . The welfare of the soul is not more certain than that of the Body , how far soever we may seem to be out of the jurisdiction of those Passions , which we have not yet had occasion to struggle withal . Yet is it to be imagined , that a man is no less exposed thereto , than he is to fall sick , when he is in perfect health . LXXXIV . There is a certain injustice and self-concern in the Passions , whence it comes that they are always offensive and injurious , even when they seem to speak most reason and equity . Only Charity hath the priviledge of saying in a manner what it pleases , and never injuring any one . LXXXV . Greatness of wit is a perpetual decoy of the Heart . LXXXVI . Though a man be ever so industrious in the smothering of his Passion , under the veil of piety and honour , yet some claw thereof will still be visible . LXXXVII . Philosophy may easily triumph over Evils past , as also over those not yet ready to assault a man ; but the present triumph over it . LXXXVIII . The duration of our Passions hath no more dependance on us , than that of our lives . LXXXIX . Though all the Passions should conceal themselves , yet are they not afraid of the light ; only Envy is a timorous and bashful Passion , which a man is asham'd to countenance or acknowledge . XC . The most sacred and most sincere friendship is but a kind of Commerce , whereby we imagine there is still some advantage to be made . XCI . The sickleness and inconstancy of our Friendships proceed hence , that it is an easie matter to discover the qualities of the mind , and difficult to be acquainted with those of the soul . XCII . We are impertinently induc'd to affect some persons more powerful than our selves . But we are to impute the production of our friendship to interest , inasmuch as our promises to them are not regulated according to what we would bestow on them , but according to what we expect to receive from them . XCIII . Love is , in the soul of him who loves , what the soul it self is in the body , which it animates and informs . XCIV . It is impossible there should be a love that is pure and free from all intermixture with our other Passions . XCV . It is a hard matter to define Love : all we can say of it , is , that , in the Soul , it is a Passion admits no corrivalship in point of Empire ; in the Spirits , it is a Sympathy , and in Bodies , it is a close and delicate desire of enjoying what we love after a mysterious way . XCVI . 'T is a great mistake , to think that Love and Ambition triumph over all the other Passions : on the contrary , Sloth , notwithstanding all its languishment , hath many times a soveraignty over them ; this insensibly usurps an Empire over all the designs , and over all the actions of life ; this destroys and compleats all the Passions , and all the Virtues employ'd in the conduct of it . XCVII . There is not any disguise can long smother Love where it is , nor long personate it , where it is not . XCVIII . Whereas there is no admission of Free-will in loving or not-loving , it follows that a Lover cannot with any justice complain of the cruelty of his Mistress , nor the Mistress of the fickleness of her Lover . XCIX . If we make an estimate of Love , according to the generality of its effects , it hath a greater resemblance to hatred than to friendship . C. It is possible there may be found some Women who were never guilty of any gallantries ; but it were a rare thing to meet with any one , that had never been guilty thereof but once . CI. There are two kinds of constancy in love , one proceeding hence , that a man perpetually finds new motives of loving , in the person whom he loves , as in an inexhaustible source ; and the other proceeds hence , that a man thinks himself concern'd in point of honour to keep his word . CII . All Constancy in Love is a perpetual Inconstancy , inasmuch as we find our hearts continually wavering in a vicissitude of inclinations , towards the perfections of the person whom we are in love with , giving one while the preheminence to one , another , to another : so that this Constancy is but an Inconstancy limited and confined within the same subject . CIII . There are two sorts of Inconstancies ; the former proceeds from that fickleness of mind , which ever and anon admits of a change of opinion ; or rather from that meanness of spirit , which complies with all the several opinions of others . The latter , which is the more excusable of the two , proceeds from the different apprehensions we have of the things which we love . CIV . Great and heroick actions which dazle their eyes who consider them , are represented by Politicians , as if they were the effects of great Interests ; whereas they are ordinarily the effects of humour and passions . Thus the war between Augustus and Marc Antony , which some imputed to the Ambition they had of aspiring to the Empire of the World , was an effect of their mutual jealousie . CV . The affairs and actions of great men are in this particular comparable to Statues , that they are to be survey'd according to a certain observance of Perspective . Some are to be view'd neer at hand , that we may the better discern all the circumstances thereof ; and there are others , whose beauties and symmetry are best discoverable at a distance . CVI. Jealousie is in some respects rational and just , since its design is only to secure to our selves a good which we conceive ought to belong to us ; whereas Envy is a distraction and extravagance , which makes us wish the ruine of a good properly belonging to others . CVII . Self-love is a fond conceit in any one , that his affection to all other things ought to promote the pursuit of his own concerns . It s subtlety and insinuation transcend those of any thing else . It makes men Idolaters of themselves , and would make them Tyrants over others , if Fortune gave them the means to be so . It is never at rest out of it self , and makes no stay in other subjects , but as Bees do upon flowers , to get out of them what promotes its own interest . There is not any thing so impetuous and violent as its desires ; not any thing so insearchable as its designs ; not any thing so craftily carry'd on as its contrivances . Its compliances are not to be represented ; its transformations exceed those of Poetical Metamorphoses ; and its sublimations of things transcend those of Chymistry it self . A man cannot sound the depth of its projects , nor find any passage into the darkness of its recesses : there it defies the sharpness of the most piercing Opticks . It there makes a thousand turnings and windings ; nay it is there many times invisible even to it self . There it conceives , there it nurses , there it raises up ( not knowing it ) a multiplicity of Affections and Aversions : Of these it many times frames some so monstrous , that when it hath brought them to light , it disclaims all knowledge of them , or cannot be prevailed with to own them . From this darkness , wherein they are involv'd , spring those ridiculous perswasions which it hath of it self . Thence proceed its errors , its ignorances , its stupidities , and its simplicities , as to what relates to it self . Thence it comes , that it imagines its sentiments to be dead , when they are but laid asleep , that it thinks it hath no further desire to run , when it does repose it self , and conceits it hath lost all the gusts , which it hath satiated . But this great obscurity , which deprives it of its own view , hinders not its perfect survey of whatever is without it , upon which consideration it may be compar'd to our eyes , which discover all about them , and are blind only as to themselves . To be short , in its greatest concerns , and most important affairs , wherein the violence of its wishes summons all its attention , it sees , it resents , it understands , it imagines , it suspects , it penetrates , it guesses at all things ; so that it raises in others a temptation of believing that each of its passions hath a certain enchantment peculiar thereto . There is not any thing so close and so strong as its engagement , which it vainly endeavors to dissolve , upon the first sight of the extraordinary misfortunes which threaten it . And yet it often does in a short time , and without any violence , what it could not have done with all those efforts , whereof it is capable , in the course of several years . Whence it might with much probability , be concluded , that its desires are inflamed by it self , rather than by the attractions and excellency of its objects ; that its own gust is the motive whereby they are heightned , and the paint whereby they are embellish'd ; that it pursues it self , and follows only what it has propos'd to it self . It is a confus'd intermixture of contraries , as participating of imperiousness and submission , sincerity and dissimulation , clemency and cruelty , timorousness and audacity , and it betrays a diversity of inclinations , according to that of the Temperaments , whereby it is turn'd and directed to the pursuance of repute , wealth , or pleasures . And in these it admits of a change and vicissitude , according to the difference of our Ages , our Fortunes , and our Experiences : but it is indifferent to it , whether it have many of those inclinations , or that it hath but one , because it hath the knack of dilating it self into several of them , or contracting it self to one , when it thinks requisite , and as it thinks fit . It is inconstant , and besides the changes which happen to it from other causes , there are an infinite number of such flowing from it self , and arising upon its own account : This Inconstancy also proceeds from different motives , as pure fickleness , love , novelty , weariness , and disgust . It is humorous to extremity , insomuch that it is sometimes employed with the greatest earnestness imaginable , and incredible pains-taking , about the attainment of things , which are so far from being advantageous , that they are prejudicial to it , and it is engag'd upon the pursuit of them , out of no other reflection than that it would needs have them . It is fantastick , and thence it comes also , that it is extreamly intentive in the most frivolous employments . It finds a height of pleasure in the meanest occupations , and abates nothing of its ardency in the most contemptible . It posts it self in the several stages of life , and spreads it self into all conditions and qualifications . It finds a being every where , it lives on any thing , and can make a shift to subsist without any thing , making its advantage of things , and of their privation . Nay , sometimes , out of pure compassion , it sides with those who profess an hostility against it . It finds a way to creep into their designs , and , what cannot be consider'd without admiration , it raises in them an aversion for it self , conspiring its own destruction and promoting its own ruine . In fine , it matters not where it hath a being , so it have one , and in order to that , it is content to be its own enemy . Nor is it to be wondred at , that it should so confidently enter into an association with the severest pity , when it contributes to its own destruction , in regard that at the very same time that it is ruined in one part , it is re-established in another : when it is imagined , that it quits its enjoyment , it does only change it into satisfaction : and when a man gives it over for conquer'd , and thinks himself rid of it , he meets with it again rallying in the triumphs of its defeat . This may serve for a Description of self-love , whereof all humane life is but a great and long agitation . The Sea is the most sensible representation we can propose to our selves of it ; inasmuch as self-love finds , in the violence of its continual waves , a faithful expression of the successive and reciprocal disturbance of its own reflections and perpetual motions . CVIII . But we have this further remark to give of self-love ; that , as if it were not enough for it , to have the virtue of transforming it self , it has also that of transforming the objects on which it works ; which it does after a strange and surprizing manner . For it not only disguises them so well , that it is it self deceiv'd therein , but also as if its actions were miracles , it makes , in effect , an unexpected change in the state and nature of the things . When any person opposes us , and employs all the hatred and persecution he can against us , it is our own self-love that judges of his actions . This is that which takes a full prospect of his imperfections , which renders them enormous , and places his good endowments in so disadvantageous a light , as causes in us a greater disgust of them than of his miscarriages . Yet is it observable withal , that assoon as the same person is admitted into any favour in our apprehensions , or any concern of our own hath wrought a reconciliation between him and us , our particular satisfaction immediately restores his merit to that lustre , which our aversion had before depriv'd him of . All his advantages are then susceptible of all the Biass we can give them , and we look on them accordingly . All his ill qualities vanish , and we are so partial on the other side , as to summon all our abilities and understanding , to justifie the prejudice which those had against us . CIX . Though all the Passions make a certain discovery of this Truth , yet does Love make a greater demonstration of it than any of the rest . For we find an amorous person exasperated with rage , at the apparent forgetfulness of a Mistress , and breaking forth into extravagant exclamations against Heaven and Hell , upon a discovery of her infidelity : And yet assoon as the same Beauty comes into his sight , and that her presence hath calm'd the fury of his transportations , his ravishment pleads for her innocence . He hath no longer any thing to object against her , but turns all his accusations upon himself , and reverses his former sentence of condemnation , and , by that miraculous virtue of self-love , he so translates all criminousness from the actions of his Mistress , as to change his jealousie into adoration . CX . Familiarity is a deviation from the observance of most of those rules establish'd for the conduct of Civil Life . Or we may say , it is a certain lightness of demeanour , which Libertinism hath introduc'd into Society , to lead us into that kind of correspondency , which is accounted most convenient . CXI . It may be further affirmed , that this familiarity is an effect of self-love , which , desirous to make all things compliant with our weakness , obliges us to cast off that decent subjection impos'd upon us by sound Morality ; and out of an over-earnestness of finding out the ways to make good manners convenient for us , occasions their degeneration into vices . CXII . The weaker Sex being naturally more inclin'd to effeminacy and mildness than the other , is accordingly more apt to be guilty of this relaxation , and makes a greater loss thereby . As for instance , the authority and prerogatives of the Sex are not kept up ; the respect due thereto suffers a diminution ; and it may be said , that decency loses thereby the greatest part of its rights . There are but few inclin'd to cruelty , out of a pure motive of cruelty ; but it may be affirmed , that the cruelty and inhumanity of most men proceeds from a certain suggestion of Self-Love . CXIII . There are many things , besides the love of Fame , which contribute to the acquisition of that Valour that is so highly celebrated among men . For it is sometimes the effect of a dread of ignominy ; sometimes of the design a man has laid for the raising of his Fortunes ; sometimes , it proceeds from a desire of promoting the divertisements and conveniences of our life , and sometimes from an affectation of depressing others , and getting them under our jurisdiction . CXIV . It may be further affirmed , that Valour in Men , and Chastity in Women , two qualifications which make so much noise in the World , are the products of Vanity and Shame , and principally of their particular Temperaments . CXV . Mens insatiate inclinations to Women proceed from a certain envy of their Chastity , since they endeavour all the ways imaginable to corrupt them , as if they were not yet fully reveng'd for the first temptation of the Sex. CXVI . Perfect Valour and compleat Cowardise , are extremities whereto men seldom arrive ; The distance between them is of a vast extent , and comprehends all the other species of Courage ; and there is no less difference between these , than there is between mens faces and humours . Yet is there a certain agreement and conformity among them in many things : there are some men who cheerfully expose themselves at the beginning of an action , but easily flag , and are disheartned in the prosecution of it . There are some again , who think they have sufficiently acquitted themselves , when they have behav'd themselves to that pitch of honour which satisfies the World , and seldom offer at any thing transcending it . We also observe some , who are not at all times equally masters of their fear : others are discourag'd by general frights ; others think it more safe to run into a charge than to continue in their posts . In fine , there are some , whom an habitual acquaintance with lesser dangers heightens into a higher degree of courage , and prepares for an exposal of themselves to greater hazards . Moreover , there is yet a general correspondence observable among the courages of the different species before mentioned , which is , that the darkness of night augmenting fear , and casting an obscurity over good and bad actions , gives them the liberty to make a greater husbandry of their valour . There is yet a more general thrift of courage , which , speaking absolutely , hath an influence over all sorts of men , and is this , that there are not any but would demean themselves to the utmost of their power in an action , if they had but an assurance of their coming off . So that it is certainly deducible hence , that the fear of death makes a certain abatement of their Valour , and subtracts somewhat from its effects . CXVII . Pure Valour , if there were any such thing , would consist in the doing of that without witnesses , which it were able to do , if all the world were to be spectators thereof . CXVIII . Intrepidity , or a defiance of Fear , is an extraordinary force of the Soul , whereby it represses the troubles , disturbances and disorders , which the apprehension of great dangers is wont to raise in it . By this force , or courage , persons of a truly Heroick Spirit keep themselves in a continual serenity , and have a free exercise of all their functions , in the most dreadful and most surprizing accidents of humane life . This intrepidity is that which must keep up the heart in great Conspiracies , whereas bare Valour supplies it only with that constancy and resolution , which are requisite in the hazards of War. CXIX . Men are loth to lose their lives , yet desirous to acquire fame ; thence it comes , that persons of much gallantry and courage discover greater subtlety and evasions in their endeavours to shun death , than they who are best versed in the Law do , to preserve their Estates . CXX . Valour in the common soldiery is a hazardous Trade they have taken up , to get a miserable subsistence . CXXI . Most men make a sufficient exposal of themselves to the hazards of War , out of a motive of securing their reputation ; but few will at all times expose themselves , as far as is necessary , to compass the design , for which they do expose themselves . CXXII . Persons of great and ambitious spirits are more miserable than those of a meaner condition ; for there is less requisite for the satisfaction of the latter , than of the former . CXXIII . Generosity is a desire of being eminently remarkable for some extraordinary actions : it is a subtle and industrious packing together of unconcernedness , constancy , friendship , and magnanimity , to make a speedy advance to a high reputation . CXXIV . How great soever the advantages and accomplishments of Nature may be , yet is it not She , but Fortune , that makes Heroes . CXXV . Felicity consists not in the things themselves , but in mens imaginations of them ; whence it comes , that he is happy who hath what he loves , and not what others think amiable . CXXVI . It may be affirm'd that either there are not any happy or unhappy accidents , or that all accidents are both happy and unhappy , inasmuch as the prudent know how to make their advantages of the bad , and the imprudent many times turn the most advantagious emergencies to their own prejudice . CXXVII . Merit comes from the treasury of Nature , but is set on work by Fortune . CXXVIII . Goods and Evils are much greater in our imaginations of them , than they are in effect ; and men are never so happy or unhappy , as they think themselves . CXXIX . What difference soever there may be between the Fortunes , yet is there a certain proportion of Goods and Evils which makes them equal . CXXX . Those who have any conceitedness of their own merit are always repining at their being unfortunate , whereby they would perswade others , as well as themselves , that there is something heroick in them , since it is to be presum'd , that the malice of Fortune is never so much bent upon the persecution of any persons as those of extraordinary endowments . Thence it comes that men comfort themselves in their being unfortunate , out of a certain pleasure they take in seeming such . CXXXI . Men are never so unhappy as they imagine themselves , nor so happy as they hope . CXXXII . Most people observe , in men , only the esteem they are in , and the merit of their Fortune . CXXXIII . It is incident only to great Persons to be guilty of great miscarriages . CXXXIV . Though Ministers of State flatter themselves with a conceit of the greatness of their actions , and attribute them to their conduct and prudence , yet are they many times but the effects of hazard , or some inconsiderable design . CXXXV . The aversion which many express towards Favourites , is only a love of Fortune and favour . The same aversion proceeds also from a certain exasperation conceiv'd at ones being out of favour , which is a little comforted and alleviated , by the contempt of Favourites . In fine , it is a secret desire of their ruine , which makes us deprive them of their own homages , it being not in our power to devest them of those qualities and accomplishments , which draw those of all others towards them . CXXXVI . Great men are at last brought down and crush'd by the continuance of their misfortunes . It is not to be inferr'd hence , that they were undaunted when they supported them , but it may be said they suffer'd a kind of torture , to gain the opinion of seeming such ; and that they bore their misfortunes , by the force of their Ambition , and not by the greatness of their Courage . Hence it is further manifest , that , abating the greatness of their Vanity , Heroes are of the same making with other men . CXXXVII . It is a fond imagination to think that men are lov'd and honour'd for their Virtues ; on the contrary , it is for them , that they are hated and envy'd . CXXXVIII . Yet may it be said , that whenever we honour any upon the account of their Virtues , it proceeds either from our being truly inclin'd to Virtue , or a desire of being accounted such . CXXXIX . They who would define Victory by its birth , would be tempted , in imitation of the Poets , to call her the Daughter of Heaven , since we find not her origine upon Earth . In effect , she is the product of an infinite number of Actions , which instead of taking her for their aim , relate only on the particular concerns of those who do them ; since all those persons , whereof an Army consists , endeavouring the acquest of their own reputation and advancement , jointly procure a good so great and so general as Victory . CXL . There is little distinction made in the species of Anger , though there be a slight , and in a manner an innocent kind of it , proceeding from the earnestness of the Complexion ; and another very mischievous , which is , properly speaking , Pride , and Self-love combining into a fury . CXLI . We are sensible of , or reflect on the transports and extraordinary agitations of our Humours and Temperament , and impute them to the violent sallies of Anger ; but there are very few perceive , that these humours have an ordinary and regular course , which gently moves and turns our wills to the performance of different actions . They roll together ( if I may so express it ) and exercise their jurisdiction with a certain vicissitude , so as that they have a considerable part in all our actions , whereof we imagine our selves to be the only Authors ; and the capriciousness of the Humours is yet more fantastick than that of Fortune . CXLII . We are liberal of our remonstrances and reprehensions towards those , whom we think guilty of miscarriages ; but we therein betray more pride , than charity . Our reproving them does not so much proceed from any desire in us of their reformation , as from an insinuation that we our selves are not chargeable with the like faults . Were we our selves without pride , we should be the farther from charging others with it . CXLIII . We are so strangely besotted with a favourable conceit of our selves , that many times what passes for Virtues in our apprehensions , is , in effect , but an accumulation of Vices , which have some resemblance thereto , so disguis'd by our Pride and Self-love . CXLIV . Pride is always on the winning hand ; nay it loses nothing , even when it seems to discard Vanity it self . CXLV . The blind precipitancy of men in their actions , is , of all the effects of their Pride , the most dangerous . This is that which affords it nourishment and augmentation ; and it is a manifest argument of our want of light , that we are ignorant of all our miseries , and all our imperfections . CXLVI . We do not hug our selves in any thing so much , as the confidence which great Persons and such as are considerable for their employments , parts , or merit , seem to repose in us . From this we derive an exquisite pleasure , as being that which raises our Pride to the highest pitch , because we look on it as an acknowledgment and effect of our fidelity . And yet , if we consider'd well the imperfection and bastardise of its birth , it should rather raise a confusion in us : for it proceeds from Vanity , a letchery of making discoveries , and a disability of keeping secrets . So that it may be said , that confidence is a relaxation of the Soul caus'd by the number and weight of the things , which before gave it some pressure . CXLVII . The ancient Philosophers , and especially Seneca , have not taken away Crimes by their Precepts , but have only laid them down to carry on the superstructures of Pride . CXLVIII . The Comedy of humane life consists of many several parts , yet Pride alone makes a shift to act most of them ; but , at last , weary of its artifices and different transformations , it appears in its natural looks , and makes an open discovery of it self in scorn ; so that , to speak properly , Scorn is the lightning , or declaration of Pride . CXLIX . Vanity is the great Author of all complemental and superfluous talk ; when that gives over suggesting , people have no great matter of discourse . CL. It were too hard a task to enumerate all the species of Vanity , inasmuch as it extends to the infinity of things . Thence it comes that so few persons are knowing , and that our knowledges are superfluous and imperfect . Instead of Definitions of things , we content our selves with the Descriptions of them . In effect , we neither have , nor can come to the knowledge of them , but at random , and by certain common marks . Which is as much as if one said , that the body of man is streight , and consists of different parts , without assigning the matter , situation , functions , correspondencies , and differences of its parts . CLI . As concerning the good qualities remarkable in others , we heighten them rather according to the esteem of our sentiments , than proportionably to their merit ; and we in effect commend our selves , when we seem to give them their due praises . And that Modesty which stands so much upon the refusal of them , is indeed but a desire of having such as are more delicate . CLII. In all commendations , where-ever they are bestow'd , there is some dormant design and interest of the giver . Praise is a subtle secret and delicate flattery , from which both the person who gives it , and he who receives it , derive a different satisfaction : the one takes it as an acknowledgment and reward of his merit ; the other gives it , to make a discovery of his equity in discerning worth . CLIII . We many times make choice of poysonous Praises , which by an unexpected cast discover those imperfections in our friends which we durst not divulge otherwise . CLIV. We hold mens Praises and Dispraises in several Scales , and make them weigh heavier or lighter , as we please our selves . CLV . There are few arriv'd to that degree of wisdom , as to prefer the discommendation , which is advantageous to them , before the praise which betrays them . CLVI . There are some who commend when they make account to reproach ; and others whose praises are detractions . CLVII . Raillery is a frolick humour of the mind , which gives a life and smartness to conversation , and is the cement of Society , if it be obliging , or disturbs it , if it be not such . CLVIII . He who is inclin'd to raillery is more likely to be the subject of it , than he who endures it . CLIX. To give it a fuller character , we may say it is always a certain skirmish of Wit and Drollery , whereto the several parties are egg'd on by Vanity . Whence it comes , that as well they who are awanting in those , to carry it on , as they whom a reproach'd imperfection causes to blush , are equally offended at it , as at an injurious defeat , which they know not how to pardon . CLX . In fine , this Raillery is a Poyson , which taken without mixture extinguishes Friendship , and excites Aversion , but , being corrected by the ingredience of jocundity , and the flattery of praise , does either acquire or continue it . It is a Medicine to be used with much caution and prudence , amongst Friends and the weaker sort . CLXI . Interest is the Master-spring , which sets all sorts of persons in motion ; it makes them act all parts , even to that of a dis-interess'd person . CLXII . Men may pretend as much as they please to Candour , sincerity , and Honesty , in their actions , but God only knows how far they are carried on with those qualifications . CLXIII . Sincerity is a natural and voluntary overture of the heart : It is a rarity , and found in very few persons : and that which is commonly practis'd is only a subtle dissimulation , or stratagem , whereby some endeavour to inveigle others into confidence . CLXIV . Had not mens hearts been so skreen'd , as that there should be no mutual observance of one another's thoughts , there had been more Tragedy than Comedy in Humane Life . CLXV . In this the prudent man is distinguishable from the imprudent , that he regulates his interests , and directs them to the prosecution of his designs each in their order . Our earnestness does many times raise a disturbance in them , by hurrying us after a hundred things at once . Thence it proceeds , that out of an excessive desire of the less important , we do not what is requisite for the attainment of the most considerable . CLXVI . Interest may be compar'd to an eclips'd Luminary . For as the latter is such only in respect of those to whom the Eclipse is visible and not to others , who have their abode in climates far remote from it ; So of interest , it may be said , that if some are blinded by it , to others it is all the light , whereby they carry on their designs . CLXVII . It is the common assertion , that Vice deserves reproach , and Virtue praise ; but it is certain , that both derive their several degrees and measures thereof from interest . CLXVIII . Nature which makes ostentation of being always sensible , is upon the least occasion smother'd by interest . CLXIX . The Philosophers do not discommend Riches , but only with a reflection upon our ill husbandry of them , as being in their own nature innocent and indifferent , since it depends on us to acquire them , and to make an irreproachable use thereof , whereas they contribute support and augmentation of Vices , as fuel does to the keeping in and increasing of fire . It is in our power to consecrate them to the cultivation of all the Virtues , and to make these , by their means , the more delightful and remarkable . CLXX . The contempt of wealth , in the Philosophers , was a secret desire of vindicating their merit , against the injustice of Fortune , by an affected slighting of those goods , whereof she depriv'd them . It was an humorous secret , which they had found out , to indemnifie themselves from the disparagement accessory to Poverty . In fine , it was a winding path , or by-way to get into that esteem , which they could not obtain by Riches . CLXXI. Of all the kinds of subtlety , that proceeding from insinuation is the poorest , since it ever argues a lowness of spirit , and an indigency of intrinsical merit . CLXXII . There is not any thing so dangerous as the use of those insinuations and artifices which so many ingenious persons are commonly guilty of . The most vers'd in humane transactions endeavour all they can in ordinary occurrences to shun them , to the end they may make their advantage thereof upon some great occasion , and in the pursuit of some considerable interest . CLXXIII . Whereas these crafty insinuations are commonly the refuges of a mean spirit , it accordingly , for the most part , comes to pass , that he who makes use thereof to disguise himself in one part , discovers himself in another . CLXXIV . It is the quintessence of all craft , for a man to make a show of falling into those snares which are laid for him , and yet to keep out of them . Men are never so easily deceived as when their thoughts are most bent upon the over-reaching of others . CLXXV . It is a fond conceitedness , which makes every one think himself a greater Master : in point of craft than another : If men endeavour'd to understand what are the offices of true prudence , all the designs of subtlety and treachery would be defeated by circumspection . CLXXVI . Follies and imprudencies are our perpetual attendants through the several scenes of our life ; and if any one seem to be discreet , it is only in this , that his extravagances are proportion'd to his Age and Fortune . CLXXVII . The wisest men are only such in things indifferent , but seldom have that denomination justly attributed to them in their most serious affairs ; and whoever thinks he lives without some ingredient of extravagance , is not so wise as he imagines himself . CLXXVIII . Weakness occasions the committing of more treacherous actions , than the real design of being treacherous . CLXXIX . Sycophancy , evasions , and dissimulations are instill'd into us from our very Cradles , and afterwards grow so habitual to us , that we can hardly be ever wean'd from them . CLXXX . What pretences soever we disguise our afflictions withal , yet are they but the effects of Interest and Vanity . CLXXXI . There is a great mixture of Hypocrisie in Afflictions . For under pretence of bewailing a person , for whom we have a more than ordinary kindness , we lament the diminution of our own good , satisfaction , or concern in the person whom we have lost . And thus is it , that the deceas'd have the honour of those tears , which are shed only for them , from whose eyes they fall . I affirm'd it to be a kind of Hypocrisie , because a man does thereby deceive only himself . CLXXXII . There is yet another kind of this Hypocrisie , which is not so innocent , but imposes upon all the world , and that is , the affliction of certain persons , who aspire to the glory of a noble and immortal grief . For Time , who is the insatiate devourer of all things , having consum'd that which they so much bemoan , yet do they still persist in an obstinacy of weeping , sighing , and complaining . They assume a mournful part , and act it so well , as if they made it their business to perswade the world , that they will spin out the continuance of their lamentations to an equal length with that of their lives . This dumpish and importunate vanity is commonly observable in Women of ambitious inclinations ; proceeding hence , that their Sex obstructing their pursuit of fame all other ways , they cast themselves into this , and make it their endeavour to become eminent by the ostentation of a disconsolate grief . Of this kind would have been that of the famous Ephesian Matron , if the seasonable relief and kindness of the Souldier had not given it an unexpected check . CLXXXIII . Besides the account we have already given of grief , and the inherent Hypocrisie that attends it , we have this further to adde , That there are other kinds of Tears , springing from certain small sources , and consequently soon perceivable . Thus some weep , only to gain the reputation of being good-natur'd , and tender-hearted . Others are liberal of their lamentations , to the end others might express the same compassion towards them . And in fine , there are those who shed tears , meerly out of a consideration that it were a shame not to bear others company in doing so . CLXXXIV . There are a sort of people who have the repute of honesty and fair dealing , yet are not really possess'd of those qualities , in regard they disguise the corruption of their hearts , not only from others , but even from themselves . But they are the truly honest who have the perfect knowledge of that corruption , and make no difficulty to acknowledge it to others . CLXXXV . The truly honest person is he who is not offended at any thing . CLXXXVI . There may be several causes assigned why we meet with so few persons , whom we allow to be rational and divertive in conversation . Of which this is one , that there is hardly any body , whose thoughts are not rather taken up with what he hath a mind to say himself , than in precisely answering what had been said to him ; and that persons of greatest abilities and complaisance think it enough to make a show of attention in their countenances , even when there may be observ'd , in their looks and apprehensions , a certain distraction , and a precipitancy of returning to what they would say , instead of considering , that it is an unlikely method of pleasing or perswading others , to be so intentive to please themselves ; and that to hearken attentively , and to answer pertinently , is one of the greatest perfections a man can be Master of . CLXXXVII . We will not say with Monsieur de la Chambre , in his Art how to know men , that all the formations of the parts in a Woman are Prognosticks of Vice , since it holds not true in other Countries , though haply it may in his ; but this we shall not stick to affirm of the Sex in general , that the pretty humour they have in talking , their desire of gaudiness in apparel , that of being waited on into Parks , Walks , Spring-Gardens , or any other place where they may make ostentation of their artifices , in heightning the advantages of Art or Nature , ( all which accomplishments , with divers others , the French comprehend in the word Coquetterie ) are so necessary to the composition of a Woman , that without some of them she must disclaim her name . Yet have not all of that Sex the exercise of it , because this Coquetterie , in some of them , is check'd and restrain'd by their Temperament , their Reason , and want of conveniences and opportunities . CLXXXVIII . Gallantry is a volubility of the mind , whereby it penetrates into things the most insinuating and colloguing , that is , such as are most likely to please . CLXXXIX . Politeness is an artificial improvement and cultivation of the mind , whereby superfluous excrescencies are kept under in order to the production of what will be decent , delightful and beautiful . CXC . There are certain ingenious things which the mind seeks not after , but finds brought to their full perfection in it self ; so that it should seem they lay hid there , as Gold and Diamonds do in the bosom of the earth . CXC . When Kingdoms are come to their height in point of politeness and civilization , it argues the approach of their declination , inasmuch as then , all their particular Inhabitants are bent upon the pursuit of their private concerns , and diverted from promoting the publick good . CXCI. If it be enquired why some men are so liberal of their civilities towards others ; it may be answer'd , that it is done , partly out of an expectation of having the like return'd to them , and partly out of a desire of gaining the repute of understanding the mysteries of Civility . CXCII . The Magisterial part of a person who hath the repute of being well vers'd in humane affairs , is , that he perfectly know the value of every thing . CXCIII . It happens sometimes that Vices are hated , but the indigency of Virtue never escapes contempt . CXCIV . When a man cannot find tranquillity within himself , 't is to no purpose for him to seek it elsewhere . CXCV. That which many times obstructs our right judging of those sentences , which prove , that there may be only a show and pretence of Virtues , is this , that we are over-easily inclin'd to believe them real in our selves . CXCVI. If men are advanc'd to great Charges , they accordingly meet with the greater difficulties in the administration of them . Among those , that of a Supream Governour is the greatest ; and of this qualification again , that Prince hath the hardest task of Government incumbent upon him , whose subjects are distracted into a greater multiplicity of perswasions . CXCVII . If that great Prince , who first had the denomination of Wise given him , and infinitely transcended in that Attribute all those who assum'd it some Ages after him , concluded his Ethical Recantations with a Vanity of Vanities , all is Vanity , what is there left for us to say , who are fallen into the dregs of Time , but the same thing in other words , That in all humane prescriptions there is an apparent dose of Vanity ; that there is an eye of it runs through the whole Web of mortal Transactions , not to be worn out of them , till the final dissolution of all things ? CXCVIII. Of all the kinds of Vanity , that may be ranked among the highest , or rather may claim a certain supremacy , which some persons are commonly subject to , who , to gain the repute of ingenuity with others , speak such things as cannot fall from them , without a secret compunction upon the delivery thereof . Of this predicament are they , who employ their drollery upon the subject of Obscenity , and Atheism . As to the former , the greatest end they can propose to themselves , is , to have it imagin'd , that their forces , as to the Venereal Militia , have been , or are , in some measure , answerable to the Muster they make of them in their discourse , or at least , that their well-wishes and inclinations to the service are as great as ever . Of the latter , this may be said , that their satyrizing in divine concerns discovers their unsetled apprehensions of a future Being , and begets , in those whom they seem to divert , a secret horrour for their positions , and a disrespect for their persons . CXCIX . How strangely hath Providence ordered the conduct of humane affairs , that they , who are insatiably desirous of wealth , honours , or pleasures , should , for the most part , obtain their desires , though prosecuted by indirect courses ! What greater encouragement can they have , whose generous ambition aspires to things of a more permanent concern , that their industry shall be rewarded ? If they whose apprehensions of happiness are confin'd to the narrow limits of this world , are many times gratifi'd with the success they propose to themselves , what accumulation of recompence may not they expect , who , adjourning their felicity to the other , are no less fervent in the pursuance of it ? CC. It was an excellent Dichotomy of things found out by my Predecessor of famous memory , the ancient Philosopher Epictetus , that they are either dependent on us or not . What a man is possess'd of within the sphere of that dependency on himself , he may truly call his own , and look on as contributory to his happiness and satisfaction ; what are out of it , must , if he survey them not with an indifferent eye , prove the continual exercise of his hopes and fears , and so many disturbances of his tranquility . FINIS . A Catalogue of some Books Printed for , and are to be sold by , Tho. Basset at the George in Fleet-street . 1669. Folios . COsmography in 4 Books , containing the Chorography and History of the World , by Pet. Heylyn . price 20s . The Voyages and Travels of the Duke of Holstein's Embassadors into Muscovy , Tartary , and Persia , begun in the Year 1633. and finisht in 1639. containing a compleat History of those Countries ; whereto are added the Travels of Mandelslo from Persia into the East-Indies , begun in 1638 , and finisht in 1640. the whole illustrated with divers accurate Maps , and Figures : written originally by Adam Olearius , Secretary to the Embassy . Englished by J. Davies , price 18 s. An Historical Account of the Romish State , Court , Interest , Policies , &c. and the mighty influences of the Jesuites in that Church and many other Christian States , not hitherto extant . Written originally by Mons . de Sainct Amour Doctor of Sorbonne , Englished by G. Havers , price 14 s. The History of Barbados , S. Christophers , Mevis , S. Vincents , Antego , Martinico , Montserrat , and the rest of the Caribby Islands , in all twenty eight , in two Books : containing the Natural and Moral History of those Islands . Illustrated with divers Pieces of Sculpture representing the most considerable rarities therein described . Englished by J. Davies , price 10 s. The History of the late Wars in Denmark comprising all the transactions both Civil and Military , during the differences betwixt the two Northern Crowns , by R. Manley , price 6 s. Ecclesia Restaurata , or the History of the Reformation of the Church of England , containing the Beginning , Progress , and Successes of it ; the Counsels by which it was conducted , the rules of Piety and Prudence upon which it was founded , the several steps by which it was promoted or retarded , in the change of times ; from the first preparation to it by K. Henry the 8. until the legal setling and establishment of it under Queen Elizabeth , together with the intermixture of such Civil Actions and Affairs of State as either were co-incident with it , or related to it : the second Edition , to which is added a Table of the principal matters contained in the whole Book , by P. Heylyn , price 10 s. Herius Redivivus , or the History of the Presbyterians , containing the beginnings , progress , and successes of that active Sect. Their oppositions to Monarchical and Episcopal Government . Their Innovations in the Church , and their Imbroilments of the Kingdoms and Estates of Christendom in the pursuit of their designs , by P. Heylyn , price 10 s. The compleat Body of the Art Military , in three Books ; being perfect directions for the right ordering and framing of an Army , both of Horse and Foot , together with all the manner of fortifications , and the Art of Gunnery , by R. Elton Lieutenant Colonel , price . 8 s. Twelves . A Help to English History : containing a succession of all the Kings of England , the English Saxons , and the Britains : the Kings and Princes of Wales , the Kings and Lords of Man , the Isle of Wight : as also of all the Dukes , Marquesses , Earls , and Bishops thereof : with the Description of the Places from whence they had their Titles : together with the names and ranks of the Viscounts , Barons and Baronets of England , by P. Heylyn . D. D. and since his death continued to this present Year 1669. price 2 s. 6 d. Now in the Press . A perswasive to Conformity , written by way of a Letter to the Dissenting Brethren , by a Country Minister . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A49597-e830 P. 19.