A vindication of a national-fishery wherein is asserted that the glory, wealth, strength, safety, and happiness of this kingdom, with the flourishing of trade, and growth of navigation, as also the employing of the poor of this realm, doth depend (under God) upon a national-fishery : and all the general, vulgar, (tho' erroneous) objections against encouraging the fishery of England, answer'd, and confuted : to which is added the sovreignty of British-seas.
         Gander, Joseph.
      
       
         
           1699
        
      
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             A vindication of a national-fishery wherein is asserted that the glory, wealth, strength, safety, and happiness of this kingdom, with the flourishing of trade, and growth of navigation, as also the employing of the poor of this realm, doth depend (under God) upon a national-fishery : and all the general, vulgar, (tho' erroneous) objections against encouraging the fishery of England, answer'd, and confuted : to which is added the sovreignty of British-seas.
             Gander, Joseph.
             Gander, Joseph. Sovereignty of the British-seas asserted.
          
           [14], 96 p.
           
             Printed for F. Coggan ...,
             London :
             MDCXCIX [1699]
          
           
             "Epistle dedicatory" signed: Joseph Gander.
             "Sovereignty of the British-seas asserted"-- p. 69-96.
             Reproduction of original in the Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Fisheries -- Economic aspects -- Great Britain -- Early works to 1800.
           Fisheries -- Economic aspects -- Netherlands -- Early works to 1800.
           Maritime law -- Great Britain -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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           A
           VINDICATION
           OF
           A
           National-Fishery
           :
           Wherein
           is
           Asserted
           ,
           That
           the
           GLORY
           ,
           WEALTH
           ,
           STRENGTH
           ,
           SAFETY
           ,
           and
           HAPPINESS
           of
           this
           KINGDOM
           ;
           with
           the
           Flourishing
           of
           TRADE
           ,
           and
           Growth
           of
           NAVIGATION
           :
           As
           also
           the
           Employing
           the
           POOR
           of
           this
           Realm
           ,
           doth
           depend
           (
           under
           GOD
           )
           upon
           
             A
             National-Fishery
          
           .
           And
           all
           the
           General
           ,
           Vulgar
           ,
           (
           tho'
           Erroneous
           )
           Objections
           against
           Encouraging
           the
           Fishery
           of
           England
           ,
           Answer'd
           ,
           and
           Confuted
           .
           To
           which
           is
           added
           ,
           The
           SOVEREIGNTY
           of
           the
           BRITISH-SEAS
           .
        
         
           
             
             England's
             a
             Perfect
             World
             ;
          
           
             'T
             has
             Indies
             two
             :
          
           
             Correct
             your
             Maps
             ;
             The
          
           
             Fishery
             ▪
             is
             Peru.
             
          
        
         
           LONDON
           :
           Printed
           for
           
             F.
             Coggan
          
           ,
           in
           the
           
             Inner
             Temple
             Lane.
          
           MDCXCIX
           .
        
      
       
         
         
         
           To
           the
           most
           Noble
           AND
           Mighty
           PRINCE
           ,
           THOMAS
           Duke
           of
           LEEDS
           ,
           MARQVESS
           of
           CARMARTHEN
           ,
           EARL
           of
           DANBY
           ,
           Viscount
           Latimore
           ,
           Baron
           Osbourne
           of
           Kiveton
           ,
           Lord
           President
           of
           His
           Majesty's
           Most
           Honourable
           Privy-Council
           ;
           Lord
           Lieutenant
           of
           York-shire
           ,
           Governour
           of
           Kingston
           upon
           Hull
           ,
           AND
           KNIGHT
           OF
           THE
           Most
           Noble
           Order
           OF
           THE
           GARTER
           .
        
         
           
             May
             it
             please
             Your
             Grace
             ,
          
        
         
           THE
           Great
           Applause
           you
           have
           so
           deservedly
           meritted
           ,
           hath
           
           encouraged
           me
           to
           Dedicate
           this
           small
           Epitomy
           to
           Your
           Honour
           ;
           and
           not
           knowing
           any
           Man
           ,
           that
           can
           with
           more
           lively
           Colours
           represent
           this
           Important
           Affair
           to
           the
           Wisdom
           of
           the
           Nation
           ,
           I
           lay
           it
           at
           Your
           Lordship's
           Feet
           ,
           as
           an
           UNDERTAKING
           ,
           (
           which
           if
           Your
           Grace
           be
           pleased
           to
           Espouse
           ,
           for
           the
           Good
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           )
           you
           will
           thereby
           add
           another
           Trophy
           to
           your
           former
           Atchievements
           ;
           
           and
           the
           Glory
           of
           the
           Action
           will
           be
           Recorded
           to
           all
           Posterity
           :
           For
           upon
           a
           National-Fishery
           ,
           under
           God
           ,
           doth
           depend
           the
           Safety
           ,
           Honour
           ,
           and
           Happiness
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           the
           Flourishing
           of
           Trade
           ,
           and
           the
           Supporting
           of
           Credit
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           Sequel
           of
           my
           Discourse
           ,
           I
           hope
           ,
           I
           have
           made
           appear
           .
        
         
           My
           Lord
           ,
           this
           Age
           gives
           us
           too
           many
           Examples
           ,
           of
           Discouraging
           
           Ingenuity
           ;
           many
           Excellent
           Qualities
           lying
           often
           hid
           under
           humble
           Looks
           ,
           and
           mean
           Habits
           ,
           which
           soon
           are
           discountenanc'd
           ,
           and
           suppress'd
           by
           Insulting
           Greatness
           and
           Popular
           Opulancy
           :
           But
           You
           have
           shewed
           by
           the
           constant
           Example
           of
           Your
           Actions
           ,
           that
           You
           have
           Agreed
           with
           Seneca
           ,
           in
           his
           Renowned
           Maxim
           ;
           that
           
             sola
             virtus
             vera
             Nobilitas
          
           ,
           When
           so
           many
           others
           ,
           are
           blinded
           
           with
           their
           absurd
           Vanity
           and
           airy
           Greatness
           .
           But
           you
           have
           rendred
           your self
           a
           true
           Patriot
           to
           your
           Country
           ;
           and
           therefore
           I
           most
           humbly
           implore
           this
           Book
           may
           be
           sheltred
           under
           the
           wings
           of
           Your
           Graces
           Protection
           :
           who
           am
           ,
           Right
           Honourable
           and
           Renowned
        
         
           
             Sir
             ,
          
           Your
           Graces
           most
           humble
           And
           most
           obedient
           Servant
           ,
           
             Joseph
             Gander
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
         
           TO
           THE
           BARONS
           OF
           THE
           Cinque-Ports
           ,
           And
           the
           Members
           of
           Parliament
           for
           the
           Coasting-Towns
           and
           Burroughs
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           .
        
         
           
             Honoured
             and
             Worthy
             Senators
             ,
          
        
         
           THE
           Cinque-Ports
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           having
           signalized
           their
           Loyalty
           and
           
           Valour
           by
           Sea
           ,
           in
           several
           Expeditions
           ,
           for
           the
           Glory
           of
           the
           King
           's
           ,
           Honour
           of
           their
           Country
           ,
           and
           Safety
           of
           the
           Realm
           ,
           our
           preceding
           Kings
           confirmed
           several
           Dignities
           on
           them
           ,
           and
           amongst
           the
           rest
           ,
           made
           their
           Members
           of
           Parliament
           Barons
           ,
           as
           an
           Encouragement
           to
           Navigation
           ,
           and
           their
           Prowess
           .
        
         
           And
           gave
           them
           the
           Honour
           of
           Supporting
           the
           Canopy
           over
           his
           Head
           at
           his
           Coronation
           ;
           as
           is
           supposed
           by
           way
           of
           Similitude
           :
           That
           whereas
           they
           had
           Defended
           ,
           Supported
           ,
           and
           Maintained
           his
           Honour
           by
           their
           Courage
           against
           his
           Enemies
           by
           Sea
           ,
           he
           gave
           them
           the
           Honour
           to
           support
           the
           Canopy
           over
           his
           Head
           ;
           as
           a
           Mark
           of
           Honour
           to
           them
           ,
           and
           his
           Acknowledgement
           
           of
           the
           Greatness
           of
           their
           Service
           .
        
         
           And
           many
           Coasting-Towns
           and
           Burroughs
           ,
           have
           from
           time
           to
           time
           ,
           been
           endowed
           with
           great
           Priviledges
           ,
           some
           of
           them
           remaining
           to
           this
           day
           ;
           as
           a
           mark
           of
           Honour
           ,
           by
           several
           Kings
           ,
           to
           Encourage
           Navigation
           ;
           from
           whence
           originally
           ,
           we
           have
           beyond
           all
           Dispute
           ,
           arrived
           to
           the
           Knowledge
           we
           are
           now
           attained
           to
           in
           Marine
           Affairs
           ▪
        
         
           But
           now
           most
           of
           those
           Towns
           and
           Burroughs
           (
           that
           formerly
           flourished
           by
           their
           Fishing
           )
           are
           reduced
           to
           miserable
           Poverty
           ,
           and
           Thousands
           of
           Families
           ruined
           for
           want
           of
           the
           Fishery
           .
        
         
           And
           the
           Gentlemen
           who
           have
           Estates
           in
           those
           Places
           ,
           or
           near
           
           the
           Coast
           ,
           are
           exceedingly
           impair'd
           .
        
         
           Of
           which
           Calamity
           ,
           King
           Henry
           the
           8th
           had
           undoubtedly
           a
           fore-sight
           of
           ,
           as
           appears
           by
           the
           Sratute
           of
           33
           of
           his
           Reign
           ,
           't
           is
           there
           thus
           inserted
           ;
           because
           the
           English
           Fishermen
           dwelling
           on
           the
           Sea
           Coasts
           ,
           did
           leave
           off
           their
           Trade
           of
           Fishing
           in
           our
           Seas
           ,
           and
           went
           the
           half
           Seas
           over
           ;
           and
           thereupon
           they
           did
           buy
           Fish
           of
           
             Pickards
             ,
             Flemmings
             ,
             Normands
          
           and
           Zealanders
           ,
           by
           reason
           whereof
           ,
           many
           Incommodities
           did
           grow
           to
           the
           Realm
           ,
           viz.
           The
           Decay
           of
           the
           Wealth
           and
           Prosperity
           ,
           as
           well
           of
           the
           Cinque-Ports
           ,
           and
           Members
           of
           the
           same
           ,
           as
           of
           other
           Coasting-Towns
           by
           the
           Sea-side
           ,
           which
           were
           builded
           ,
           and
           inhabited
           
           by
           great
           Multitudes
           of
           People
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           Using
           ,
           and
           Exercising
           the
           Feat
           ,
           and
           Craft
           of
           Fishing
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           The
           decay
           of
           a
           great
           Number
           of
           Boats
           and
           Ships
           .
        
         
           And
           thirdly
           ,
           the
           decay
           of
           many
           good
           Mariners
           ,
           both
           able
           in
           Body
           ,
           by
           their
           Diligence
           ,
           Labour
           ,
           and
           continual
           Exercise
           of
           Fishing
           ;
           and
           Expert
           by
           reason
           thereof
           ,
           in
           the
           Knowledge
           of
           our
           Sea-Coasts
           ,
           as
           well
           within
           the
           Realm
           ,
           as
           in
           other
           Parts
           beyond
           the
           Seas
           .
        
         
           It
           was
           therefore
           Enacted
           ,
           That
           no
           manner
           of
           Persons
           ,
           English
           Denizons
           ,
           or
           Strangers
           ,
           at
           that
           time
           ,
           or
           any
           time
           after
           ,
           should
           buy
           any
           Fish
           of
           any
           Foreigners
           in
           the
           said
           Ports
           of
           
             Flanders
             ,
             zealand
             ,
             Pickardy
          
           ,
           or
           
           France
           ,
           or
           upon
           the
           Sea
           between
           Shoar
           and
           Shoar
           .
        
         
           This
           shews
           what
           great
           Care
           our
           former
           Kings
           ,
           and
           Parliaments
           have
           taken
           to
           Preserve
           the
           Nursery
           for
           Sea-faring
           Men
           ,
           for
           the
           Defence
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           Preservation
           of
           our
           Coasting
           Towns
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           And
           ,
           have
           therefore
           thought
           fit
           in
           all
           Humility
           to
           Dedicate
           this
           Book
           to
           you
           ,
           as
           before-mentioned
           .
           If
           my
           sincere
           Intentions
           to
           serve
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           have
           its
           desired
           Success
           ,
           I
           have
           my
           wish
           ,
           who
           am
        
         
           
             Your
             most
             humble
             And
             most
             obedient
             Servant
             ,
             J.
             Gander
             .
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           A
           VINDICATION
           OF
           A
           National
           Fishery
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           BY
           the
           Benign
           Goodness
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           Wise
           Conduct
           of
           our
           King
           ,
           and
           the
           Admirable
           Wisdom
           ,
           and
           prudent
           Care
           of
           our
           Sage
           Senatours
           at
           Home
           :
        
         
           England
           ,
           after
           a
           tedious
           and
           Chargeable
           War
           ,
           hath
           obtained
           an
           Honourable
           Peace
           .
        
         
           And
           the
           Sword
           being
           now
           Sheathed
           ;
           His
           Majesty
           in
           his
           most
           Gracious
           Speech
           to
           both
           Houses
           of
           Parliament
           ,
           hath
           declared
           
           His
           Royal
           Inclination
           ,
           for
           the
           Preservation
           of
           the
           Saftety
           ,
           Honour
           ,
           and
           Happiness
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           So
           that
           it
           is
           not
           to
           be
           doubted
           but
           that
           the
           Genius
           of
           our
           Government
           ,
           will
           make
           it
           the
           Chiefest
           of
           their
           Care
           ,
           to
           Settle
           the
           Affairs
           of
           Trade
           ,
           upon
           the
           most
           firmest
           Foundation
           ,
           for
           the
           publick
           Good
           of
           our
           Nation
           .
           For
           the
           most
           destructive
           Consumption
           that
           can
           happen
           to
           a
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           the
           only
           Nurse
           of
           Idleness
           and
           Beggary
           ,
           is
           Want
           of
           Trade
           ;
           whereas
           on
           the
           contrary
           ,
           Increase
           of
           Trade
           ,
           encourageth
           Labour
           ,
           Art
           and
           Invention
           ,
           and
           enricheth
           the
           Common-Weal
           .
        
         
           And
           beyond
           all
           Dispute
           ,
           the
           Fishery
           of
           England
           ,
           is
           the
           Main
           Trade
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           rightly
           Managed
           ;
           The
           good
           Patriots
           of
           our
           Country
           are
           to
           weigh
           the
           Matter
           :
           And
           it
           is
           so
           comprehensive
           a
           Blessing
           ,
           that
           were
           those
           Advantages
           but
           Industriously
           improved
           ,
           
           that
           Providence
           hath
           bestowed
           on
           this
           Island
           ,
           we
           might
           consequently
           be
           the
           most
           Flourishing
           People
           in
           the
           whole
           World
           ,
           both
           by
           Sea
           and
           Land.
           
        
         
           And
           seeing
           by
           the
           Decay
           of
           the
           
             Fishing
             Trade
          
           ,
           we
           have
           lain
           open
           to
           France
           ,
           and
           Holland
           ,
           by
           neglecting
           our
           own
           Preservation
           ,
           and
           ill
           Management
           of
           the
           Fishery
           amongst
           our selves
           ,
           it
           may
           be
           supposed
           ,
           it
           is
           high
           time
           to
           look
           to
           it
           .
           But
           whether
           this
           Great
           Loss
           to
           the
           Kingdom
           hath
           been
           occasioned
           by
           our
           Wilful
           ,
           or
           inadvertised
           Neglect
           :
           I
           shall
           not
           determine
           ;
           and
           hope
           it
           will
           speedily
           be
           taken
           into
           the
           Consideration
           of
           the
           most
           Judicious
           Patriots
           of
           our
           Countrey
           .
           And
           then
           we
           shall
           draw
           back
           the
           Trade
           from
           Foreign
           Nations
           ,
           and
           Employ
           our
           own
           People
           .
        
         
           The
           Great
           and
           Weighty
           Question
           upon
           this
           Point
           of
           Trade
           to
           be
           considered
           ,
           is
           :
           Whether
           it
           is
           not
           the
           General
           Interest
           of
           
           England
           ,
           to
           Revive
           and
           Encourage
           a
           
             National
             Fishery
          
           ,
           it
           being
           the
           Main
           Pillar
           of
           the
           Trade
           of
           this
           Nation
           ;
           And
           humbly
           offer
           my
           weak
           Opinion
           of
           the
           Necessity
           of
           it
           ;
           For
           England
           being
           Situated
           in
           the
           very
           Jaws
           of
           Neptune
           ,
           by
           her
           commodious
           Harbours
           ,
           Rivers
           and
           Bays
           ,
           &c.
           must
           be
           Defended
           by
           Shipping
           ;
           and
           she
           is
           the
           best
           accommodated
           with
           Sea-Ports
           of
           any
           Place
           in
           Christendom
           ,
           and
           stands
           fairest
           to
           be
           Lords
           of
           the
           Sea
           of
           any
           People
           in
           the
           World.
           
        
         
           This
           Kingdom
           being
           an
           Island
           comparatively
           ,
           were
           it
           ,
           not
           for
           that
           Isthmus
           or
           Neck
           of
           Land
           to
           the
           North
           ,
           that
           joyns
           it
           to
           Scotland
           .
           It
           must
           be
           universally
           allow'd
           ,
           that
           her
           Floating
           Castles
           must
           defend
           her
           from
           all
           Foreign
           Invasions
           or
           Incursions
           .
        
         
           And
           since
           she
           is
           obliged
           to
           defend
           her self
           by
           Naval-Force
           .
           It
           should
           be
           considered
           how
           that
           must
           be
           maintain'd
           and
           preserved
           :
           
           For
           ,
           without
           those
           Bul-Warks
           ,
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           consequently
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Dominions
           must
           be
           in
           a
           few
           years
           ,
           in
           a
           very
           deplorable
           Condition
           .
        
         
           And
           nothing
           is
           more
           certain
           than
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           the
           Sea
           enricheth
           the
           Land
           ,
           which
           is
           confirmed
           by
           the
           great
           Advantages
           of
           getting
           Treasure
           ,
           by
           Navigation
           both
           at
           home
           and
           abroad
           ;
           as
           is
           manifested
           by
           the
           Grandeur
           that
           Merchants
           generally
           live
           in
           ,
           in
           
             England
             ,
             Holland
             ,
             France
          
           ,
           &c.
           
           History
           gives
           a
           very
           Satisfactory
           Account
           of
           this
           Truth
           ;
           How
           the
           Venetians
           have
           arrived
           to
           that
           Greatness
           they
           now
           live
           in
           by
           Navigation
           ,
           and
           by
           their
           Naval
           Force
           ,
           claim
           a
           Prerogative
           of
           the
           Adriatick
           Sea.
           
        
         
           And
           also
           ,
           to
           what
           Greatness
           hath
           the
           French
           King
           attained
           to
           by
           Navigation
           in
           a
           few
           years
           ,
           that
           he
           gives
           Laws
           in
           the
           Mediteranean
           Sea.
           
        
         
         
           And
           the
           Hollanders
           by
           their
           Navigation
           are
           grown
           ,
           as
           Opulent
           (
           almost
           )
           if
           not
           altogether
           ,
           as
           any
           People
           in
           the
           World.
           
        
         
           But
           in
           Queen
           Elizabeths
           Reign
           of
           Blessed
           Memory
           ,
           England
           gave
           so
           Fatal
           an
           Overthrow
           to
           the
           Spanish
           Armado
           in
           
             Anno
             1588
          
           ,
           that
           she
           was
           the
           Terror
           of
           the
           Whole
           Universe
           ,
           by
           being
           so
           Potent
           by
           Sea
           ;
           and
           after
           Her
           Majesties
           Success
           of
           that
           Famous
           Victory
           ,
           she
           was
           as
           much
           Aggrandized
           by
           Foreign
           Princes
           ,
           for
           Her
           Conquest
           ,
           as
           she
           would
           undoubtedly
           have
           been
           despised
           ,
           had
           she
           been
           overcome
           .
        
         
           But
           how
           England
           has
           declined
           since
           Her
           Reign
           ,
           for
           want
           of
           the
           Fishery
           for
           Nursery
           for
           Sea-Faring
           Men
           ,
           is
           obvious
           to
           the
           whole
           World.
           
        
         
           Woful
           Experience
           tells
           us
           ,
           how
           much
           our
           Neighbours
           have
           grown
           upon
           us
           ;
           by
           this
           Neglect
           of
           ours
           ,
           by
           the
           Wealth
           they
           have
           got
           within
           this
           forty
           or
           fifty
           years
           ;
           and
           
           also
           by
           their
           daily
           Increase
           of
           of
           Shipping
           .
        
         
           And
           for
           want
           of
           true
           Telescope
           to
           see
           clearly
           how
           this
           
             National
             Fishery
          
           may
           be
           preserv'd
           and
           maintain'd
           ,
           we
           are
           and
           have
           been
           many
           years
           ,
           in
           the
           dark
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           not
           only
           the
           Fish
           that
           we
           loose
           ,
           and
           the
           impoverishing
           the
           Coasting
           Towns
           ,
           and
           Burroughs
           ,
           the
           only
           Loss
           that
           this
           Nation
           sustains
           ;
           But
           for
           want
           of
           a
           prudent
           Method
           to
           Manage
           this
           Fishery
           .
           We
           have
           only
           the
           Colour
           for
           a
           Nursery
           for
           Seamen
           ,
           which
           will
           not
           breed
           a
           tenth
           part
           of
           the
           Men
           we
           have
           occasion
           for
           in
           time
           War
           ,
           as
           we
           are
           an
           Island
           .
        
         
           Further
           ,
           the
           Hollanders
           and
           French
           ,
           finds
           these
           Advantages
           (
           by
           Encouraging
           of
           the
           
           Fishery's
           ,
           that
           they
           do
           not
           only
           get
           Wealth
           ,
           but
           it
           inures
           their
           Men
           to
           the
           Hardship
           of
           the
           Sea
           ,
           and
           makes
           them
           Skilful
           in
           Handling
           their
           Tackling
           in
           Pilotage
           and
           Navigation
           .
           )
           
           So
           that
           they
           know
           our
           own
           Coasts
           ,
           Shoals
           and
           Harbours
           ,
           better
           than
           we
           do
           .
        
         
           But
           the
           Antient
           Britains
           permitted
           none
           to
           Fish
           on
           our
           Coasts
           ,
           
           or
           in
           our
           Seas
           ,
           nor
           any
           to
           Sail
           into
           the
           Island
           ,
           without
           their
           Leave
           ,
           and
           those
           only
           Merchants
           ;
           nor
           would
           not
           permit
           any
           Foreigner
           to
           View
           or
           Sound
           their
           Sea-Coasts
           ,
        
         
           Which
           was
           undoubedly
           a
           great
           Security
           to
           them
           ,
           and
           Encouragement
           to
           their
           Pilots
           ;
           but
           now
           ,
           't
           is
           observable
           ,
           that
           the
           Hollanders
           seldom
           make
           use
           of
           English
           Pilots
           ,
           to
           come
           into
           any
           of
           our
           Harbours
           ;
           and
           if
           they
           have
           Occasion
           to
           Man
           out
           a
           Fleet
           of
           Men
           of
           War
           ,
           't
           is
           but
           making
           a
           Draught
           out
           of
           the
           Fishery
           ,
           and
           they
           are
           put
           on
           Board
           their
           own
           Climate
           .
        
         
           Whereas
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           Detriment
           of
           this
           Nation
           ,
           and
           Loss
           of
           our
           Men
           ;
           when
           we
           have
           occasion
           to
           Man
           the
           Royal
           Navy
           ,
           
           we
           are
           forc'd
           to
           press
           Tag
           ,
           Rag
           ,
           and
           Bob-Tail
           ,
           a
           parcell
           of
           Lowsy
           Vagrants
           and
           Vagabonds
           ,
           that
           have
           not
           Prowess
           to
           make
           them
           Soldiers
           ,
           nor
           Genius
           to
           make
           them
           Mariners
           ;
           and
           while
           they
           are
           in
           Harbour
           ,
           Eat
           up
           the
           Nations
           Provision
           :
           And
           when
           they
           come
           to
           be
           Roll'd
           and
           Toss'd
           by
           the
           Waves
           at
           Sea
           ,
           they
           are
           as
           sick
           as
           so
           many
           Dogs
           ,
           and
           infect
           great
           Numbers
           of
           Sea-Faring-Men
           ,
           *
           by
           which
           great
           Inconveniecy
           ,
           renders
           them
           more
           fit
           for
           an
           Hospital
           ,
           than
           a
           Fighting
           Navy
           ;
           as
           is
           seen
           in
           time
           of
           War
           ,
           and
           our
           Sea
           Commanders
           the
           daily
           Witness
           of
           this
           Calamity
           .
        
         
           And
           it
           cannot
           be
           deny'd
           ,
           but
           that
           it
           was
           the
           Fishery
           of
           England
           ,
           that
           supplied
           Queen
           Elizabeths
           Navy
           with
           Seamen
           ,
           and
           made
           her
           so
           Potent
           ,
           to
           give
           so
           Fatal
           an
           Overthrow
           to
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           That
           ,
           that
           one
           Blow
           was
           so
           Great
           a
           Loss
           ,
           that
           they
           will
           never
           Retrieve
           it
           ,
           nor
           be
           able
           to
           
           oppose
           us
           either
           by
           Sea
           or
           Land.
           
        
         
           And
           Her
           Clemency
           to
           the
           Hollanders
           ,
           in
           giving
           them
           Permission
           to
           Fish
           on
           our
           Coasts
           ,
           was
           the
           very
           first
           Foundation
           that
           they
           laid
           ,
           to
           raise
           themselves
           to
           their
           present
           Grandeur
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           Wealth
           they
           have
           got
           ,
           and
           Shipping
           ,
           by
           their
           Breeding
           of
           Sea-Faring
           Men
           ,
           they
           are
           rendred
           very
           Formidable
           at
           Sea.
           
        
         
           
             It
             is
             worth
             the
             while
             ,
             saith
             the
             Reverend
             Mr.
          
           Cambden
           ,
           
             to
             observe
          
           what
           an
           extraordinary
           Gain
           the
           Hollanders
           ,
           and
           Zealanders
           ,
           do
           make
           by
           Fishing
           on
           the
           English
           Seas
           ,
           ‡
           having
           first
           obtained
           Leave
           from
           the
           Castle
           of
           Scarbourough
           ;
           For
           the
           English
           have
           ever
           granted
           them
           Leave
           to
           Fish
           ,
           reserving
           always
           the
           Honour
           and
           the
           Priviledge
           to
           themselves
           ;
           but
           through
           Negligence
           resigning
           the
           Profit
           unto
           Strangers
           ,
           't
           is
           almost
           incredible
           ,
           
             saith
             he
          
           ,
           what
           a
           vast
           Sum
           of
           Money
           the
           Hollanders
           do
           make
           by
           this
           Fishing
           upon
           our
           Coast
           .
        
         
         
           And
           in
           Edward
           the
           Fourth's
           Reign
           ,
           *
           He
           ordered
           Commanders
           with
           a
           Naval
           Power
           ,
           to
           protect
           and
           Guard
           the
           Fisher-men
           upon
           the
           Coasts
           of
           Norfolk
           ,
           and
           Suffolk
           ,
           and
           the
           Charges
           of
           the
           Guard
           were
           defrayed
           by
           the
           Fishermen
           ;
           The
           English
           Nation
           were
           ever
           in
           past
           Ages
           Renowned
           for
           Sea-Affairs
           ,
           in
           all
           Countries
           near
           the
           Seas
           ;
           and
           they
           had
           also
           a
           Numerous
           Navy
           ,
           that
           the
           People
           of
           all
           Countries
           Esteemed
           ,
           and
           call'd
           the
           King
           of
           
             England
             ,
             King
             and
             Sovereign
             of
             the
             Seas
             .
          
        
         
           And
           why
           England
           should
           not
           now
           insist
           upon
           the
           Sovereignty
           of
           the
           British
           Seas
           ,
           
           as
           in
           former
           times
           ,
           
           seems
           very
           Wonderful
           !
        
         
           But
           some
           People
           may
           say
           ,
           that
           in
           case
           this
           Fishery
           were
           Encouraged
           ,
           it
           may
           be
           a
           Means
           to
           prevent
           Eating
           so
           much
           Flesh
           ,
           as
           we
           do
           now
           in
           England
           :
           and
           so
           consequently
           ,
           be
           very
           prejudicial
           to
           our
           Landed-Men
           ,
           and
           
           bring
           the
           Rents
           of
           the
           Farms
           lower
           .
        
         
           But
           this
           with
           Submission
           ,
           is
           a
           very
           Erroneous
           Notion
           .
        
         
           
             For
             Example
          
           :
           The
           Fish
           that
           may
           or
           should
           be
           Caught
           in
           the
           British
           Seas
           ,
           is
           not
           intended
           to
           be
           eat
           in
           England
           ,
           and
           perhaps
           not
           one
           Huudredth
           part
           of
           it
           ,
           but
           to
           be
           sold
           at
           foreign
           Markets
           ;
           as
           in
           due
           time
           shall
           be
           observed
           .
        
         
           And
           to
           make
           it
           appear
           ,
           that
           if
           a
           
             National
             Fishery
          
           be
           encouraged
           ,
           it
           will
           cause
           a
           greater
           Consumption
           of
           Flesh
           than
           is
           now
           in
           England
           ,
           
           and
           consequently
           ,
           rather
           encrease
           than
           diminish
           the
           Rents
           of
           our
           Landed
           Gentlemen
           ,
           and
           in
           few
           Years
           might
           double
           the
           Rents
           ,
           as
           the
           Fishery
           flourished
           ,
           and
           our
           Trade
           encrease
           both
           at
           home
           ,
           and
           abroad
           .
        
         
           
             I
             Humbly
             Offer
             these
             Reasons
          
           ;
        
         
           First
           ,
           Our
           Coasting
           Towns
           ,
           Bouroughs
           and
           Villages
           Adjacent
           ,
           
           that
           formerly
           had
           their
           dependance
           on
           the
           Fishery
           ,
           are
           reduced
           to
           so
           great
           Poverty
           ,
           for
           want
           of
           being
           Employ'd
           ,
           that
           they
           are
           now
           constrain'd
           to
           feed
           upon
           Coarse-Bread
           ,
           Butter
           ,
           Cheese
           ,
           Milk
           ,
           Turnips
           ,
           Carrots
           ,
           or
           on
           such
           Roots
           and
           Herbs
           ,
           as
           they
           can
           get
           :
        
         
           Whereas
           if
           they
           were
           Employed
           in
           this
           Fishery
           ,
           they
           would
           then
           have
           Money
           to
           go
           to
           Market
           ,
           and
           buy
           Flesh
           ,
           as
           their
           Ancestors
           did
           before
           them
           ,
           for
           themselves
           ,
           and
           Families
           :
           And
           I
           suppose
           there
           is
           not
           any
           Man
           ,
           but
           what
           is
           sensible
           that
           the
           English
           naturally
           loving
           Flesh
           ,
           the
           meanest
           Man
           or
           Woman
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           would
           have
           Roast
           and
           boyl'd
           Meat
           for
           themselves
           and
           Families
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           their
           Landlords
           ,
           if
           their
           Purses
           would
           bear
           it
           .
        
         
           So
           that
           then
           there
           would
           be
           a
           greater
           Consumption
           of
           Flesh
           than
           there
           is
           now
           ,
           not
           only
           in
           our
           Coasting
           Towns
           ,
           &c.
           but
           in
           all
           
           probability
           ,
           through
           the
           whole
           Kingdom
           ,
           when
           once
           we
           flourish
           in
           this
           Fishery
           .
        
         
           This
           Great
           and
           Glorious
           Undertaking
           will
           not
           only
           enrich
           us
           ,
           but
           Employ
           thousands
           of
           People
           that
           are
           now
           so
           miserable
           Poor
           ,
           that
           they
           gradually
           Starve
           for
           want
           of
           having
           this
           Encouragement
           .
        
         
           And
           what
           is
           worthy
           your
           particular
           Notice
           ,
           
           it
           would
           prevent
           abundance
           of
           Sea-faring
           Men
           from
           going
           into
           Foreign
           Service
           in
           times
           of
           Peace
           ,
           for
           want
           of
           Employment
           at
           home
           ;
           many
           of
           them
           leaving
           their
           Wives
           and
           Children
           to
           be
           maintained
           by
           the
           Parish
           ,
           which
           undoubtedly
           is
           a
           great
           Grievance
           to
           the
           respective
           Parishes
           ,
           and
           a
           Burthen
           to
           the
           Inhabitants
           .
           And
           this
           Fishery
           would
           not
           only
           preserve
           thousands
           of
           Families
           from
           Starving
           ,
           but
           then
           they
           would
           wear
           better
           Cloaths
           ,
           and
           promote
           our
           Woollen
           Manufactury
           ;
           For
           't
           is
           only
           
           Poverty
           makes
           People
           wear
           Rags
           ;
           and
           being
           disheartned
           ,
           it
           oftentimes
           prevents
           their
           Devotion
           .
        
         
           And
           it
           will
           also
           prevent
           a
           great
           many
           Inconveniencies
           ,
           that
           now
           attend
           this
           Nation
           ,
           for
           want
           of
           being
           Employed
           .
        
         
           
             For
             Example
          
           :
           There
           would
           not
           be
           so
           many
           Vagrants
           and
           Vagabonds
           ,
           nor
           so
           many
           People
           that
           take
           illegal
           Courses
           ;
           as
           Thieving
           ,
           Robbing
           ,
           &c.
           to
           the
           Ruine
           of
           themselves
           and
           others
           .
           Nor
           so
           many
           Export
           our
           Corn
           ,
           nor
           carry
           our
           Wooll
           unwrought
           out
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           if
           they
           were
           employed
           another
           way
           .
        
         
           This
           Fishery
           would
           also
           employ
           abundance
           at
           Land
           ,
           so
           well
           as
           by
           Sea
           ;
           as
           Clerks
           ,
           Accomptants
           ,
           Ware-house
           and
           Store-keepers
           ,
           and
           the
           like
           ,
           and
           great
           Numbers
           of
           Artists
           and
           Tradesmen
           :
           So
           that
           then
           there
           would
           be
           Provision
           for
           a
           great
           many
           Men
           ,
           that
           go
           Crawling
           about
           the
           
           Streets
           ,
           like
           so
           many
           Snails
           ,
           for
           want
           of
           Employ
           ,
           that
           have
           been
           well
           Educated
           .
        
         
           Besides
           ,
           't
           is
           an
           Universal
           Maxim
           ,
           
             That
             Idleness
             is
             the
             Root
             of
             all
             Evil
          
           ;
           and
           a
           great
           many
           People
           fear
           Starving
           more
           than
           Hanging
           ,
           as
           is
           seen
           almost
           every
           Session
           ,
           or
           Assizes
           ;
           For
           let
           the
           Judge
           enquire
           of
           the
           Criminals
           ,
           what
           induced
           them
           to
           take
           the
           lewd
           Courses
           they
           are
           Indicted
           ,
           or
           Arraigned
           for
           ,
           the
           General
           Reply
           ,
           is
           Want.
           
        
         
           Further
           ,
           it
           is
           supposed
           by
           all
           that
           have
           travelled
           ,
           in
           the
           Low-Countries
           ,
           that
           where
           one
           Male-factor
           is
           Executed
           in
           Holland
           or
           in
           France
           ,
           there
           is
           above
           One
           hundred
           in
           England
           ;
           and
           the
           only
           Reason
           that
           can
           be
           given
           ,
           why
           there
           are
           so
           few
           in
           Holland
           and
           France
           ,
           and
           so
           many
           executed
           in
           England
           ,
           is
           ,
           That
           they
           take
           care
           to
           employ
           their
           Subjects
           ;
           and
           those
           that
           are
           uncapable
           by
           Age
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           Infirmity
           for
           Labour
           ,
           
           are
           provided
           for
           ,
           by
           allowing
           them
           a
           Competent
           Maintenance
           to
           live
           on
           ;
           (
           but
           't
           is
           the
           Fishery
           of
           England
           ,
           that
           employs
           and
           enricheth
           them
           .
           )
           And
           the
           Hollanders
           themselves
           will
           boast
           ,
           that
           God
           blesseth
           them
           in
           their
           Tradring
           ,
           and
           defends
           them
           from
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           for
           being
           so
           good
           to
           the
           Poor
           .
           And
           it
           is
           a
           Confirmation
           of
           the
           Sacred
           Writ
           ,
           
             That
             he
             that
             Considereth
             the
             Indigent
             ,
             the
             Lord
             will
             remember
             him
             in
             the
             day
             of
             his
             Tribulation
             .
          
        
         
           And
           what
           a
           great
           Glory
           will
           it
           be
           to
           the
           King
           and
           Kingdom
           ,
           to
           preserve
           so
           many
           thousand
           Subjects
           ,
           that
           are
           now
           involv'd
           in
           such
           miserable
           Necessity
           ,
           that
           in
           all
           probability
           they
           must
           perish
           ,
           if
           this
           Method
           be
           not
           speedily
           taken
           .
        
         
           And
           since
           His
           Majesty
           has
           been
           Instrumental
           in
           Delivering
           these
           Kingdoms
           from
           Slavery
           ,
           and
           
             Popery
             ,
             &c.
          
           't
           is
           to
           be
           supposed
           that
           he
           will
           also
           make
           it
           his
           Chiefest
           
           Care
           ,
           to
           preserve
           his
           Subjects
           from
           Destruction
           (
           that
           have
           so
           Bravely
           Ventur'd
           their
           Lives
           ,
           both
           by
           Sea
           and
           Land
           ;
           and
           have
           paid
           their
           Money
           with
           so
           much
           Chearfulness
           to
           carry
           on
           the
           War.
           And
           have
           so
           long
           languished
           under
           their
           Afflictions
           .
           )
        
         
           And
           He
           *
           having
           Maugred
           all
           Opposition
           ,
           both
           at
           Home
           and
           Abroad
           ,
           it
           now
           remains
           ,
           that
           he
           attacks
           Himself
           ,
           that
           His
           Goodness
           and
           Greatness
           ,
           may
           vye
           with
           each
           other
           ,
           by
           enquiring
           ,
           b
           what
           is
           to
           be
           done
           to
           retrieve
           them
           from
           their
           withering
           Calamity
           .
        
         
           And
           't
           is
           believed
           by
           all
           well-wishers
           to
           the
           Welfare
           of
           these
           Kingdoms
           ,
           that
           His
           Majesty
           will
           Sign
           all
           those
           Acts
           ,
           that
           shall
           be
           for
           His
           Glory
           ,
           the
           Senatours
           Honour
           ,
           and
           the
           preserving
           so
           well
           as
           enriching
           of
           his
           Subjects
           .
           When
           he
           shall
           be
           Advised
           to
           it
           by
           his
           Parliament
           ,
           in
           whom
           he
           has
           so
           great
           Confidence
           ,
           as
           he
           hath
           often
           declared
           for
           the
           Good
           
           of
           his
           People
           ,
           in
           His
           most
           Gracious
           Speech
           to
           both
           Houses
           of
           Parliament
           ,
           which
           are
           too
           tedious
           here
           to
           insert
           .
        
         
           And
           having
           made
           the
           proud
           Lillies
           of
           France
           stoop
           to
           him
           ,
           and
           Recovered
           the
           Principality
           of
           Orange
           ,
           
           he
           will
           now
           Assume
           his
           Trident.
           And
           to
           Emulate
           his
           Royal
           Predecessor
           ,
           William
           the
           I.
           Conquerour
           of
           England
           ,
           who
           ,
           after
           being
           possessed
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           took
           a
           View
           of
           it
           in
           a
           Royal
           Progress
           ,
           and
           then
           did
           see
           there
           was
           an
           incumbent
           Necessity
           to
           defend
           this
           Realm
           by
           Shipping
           (
           altho'
           he
           set
           fire
           of
           his
           own
           Fleet
           at
           his
           Landing
           ,
           to
           let
           his
           Men
           know
           his
           Intentions
           :
           
             Aut
             Caesar
             aut
             Nullus
             .
          
           )
           Whereupon
           he
           demolished
           several
           Villages
           in
           Hampshire
           ,
           and
           there
           planted
           a
           large
           Forrest
           of
           Oaks
           ,
           c
           which
           to
           this
           day
           is
           call'd
           
             New
             Forrest
          
           ,
           it
           being
           above
           two
           and
           twenty
           Miles
           in
           length
           ,
           and
           eleven
           Miles
           over
           .
        
         
         
           This
           shews
           what
           Care
           our
           Ancestors
           from
           time
           to
           time
           ,
           have
           taken
           to
           secure
           this
           Island
           by
           Navigation
           ,
           and
           for
           providing
           Ships
           of
           Force
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           for
           Commerce
           ;
           the
           one
           to
           Enrich
           ,
           the
           other
           to
           defend
           ,
           as
           well
           our
           Trading
           by
           Sea
           )
           as
           the
           Island
           from
           Invasion
           .
           
        
         
           For
           there
           is
           no
           Dominion
           that
           can
           expect
           to
           flourish
           in
           Trade
           ,
           or
           be
           enriched
           by
           Commerce
           ,
           if
           they
           do
           not
           secure
           themselves
           by
           Force
           ,
           either
           by
           Sea
           or
           Land
           ,
           as
           Opportunity
           offers
           ,
           or
           the
           Necessity
           requires
           .
        
         
           'T
           is
           undoubtedly
           the
           Interest
           of
           the
           Nation
           to
           stand
           as
           well
           upon
           their
           Guard
           in
           times
           of
           Peace
           ,
           as
           in
           War
           ;
           that
           they
           may
           give
           no
           Opportunity
           to
           an
           Enemy
           to
           Surprise
           us
           ,
           by
           Sea
           ,
           or
           Land.
           
        
         
           And
           since
           there
           is
           so
           great
           a
           Necessity
           for
           the
           Defence
           of
           the
           Nation
           ,
           to
           support
           our
           Navgation
           by
           this
           Fishery
           ,
           certainly
           our
           
           Senatours
           will
           take
           Care
           that
           the
           Grandeur
           of
           these
           Glorious
           Kingdoms
           shall
           not
           be
           ecclipsed
           by
           the
           growing
           Greatness
           of
           our
           Neighbours
           ,
           who
           have
           ,
           and
           still
           do
           encroach
           upon
           the
           Sovereignty
           of
           the
           British
           Seas
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           only
           Diadem
           of
           the
           Imperial
           Crown
           of
           these
           Dominions
           ;
           and
           the
           Port
           Cullizes
           and
           Guard
           of
           the
           Realm
           .
        
         
           But
           the
           Fishery
           ,
           if
           encouraged
           ,
           will
           be
           for
           the
           Good
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           in
           General
           ,
           from
           the
           King
           to
           the
           Peasant
           (
           or
           meanest
           Subject
           )
           and
           in
           some
           measure
           take
           off
           the
           Burthen
           of
           the
           Taxes
           this
           Nation
           hath
           so
           long
           struggl'd
           under
           ;
           and
           not
           only
           make
           the
           Exchequer
           the
           Greatest
           Bank
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           but
           oblige
           the
           Treasure
           of
           the
           East
           and
           West-Indies
           ,
           comparatively
           ,
           to
           meet
           in
           our
           Streets
           ;
           And
           also
           preserve
           a
           perpetual
           Union
           amongst
           the
           Subjects
           of
           England
           ,
           let
           them
           be
           never
           so
           Retrogade
           in
           their
           Opinion
           ,
           as
           to
           their
           Profession
           of
           Religion
           .
        
         
         
           And
           this
           happy
           Union
           will
           prevent
           all
           Intestine
           Commotions
           ;
           and
           bid
           Defiance
           to
           all
           Foreign
           Invasions
           ,
           or
           Incursions
           .
        
         
           And
           it
           cannot
           be
           denied
           ,
           but
           that
           England
           had
           formerly
           the
           richest
           Fishery
           in
           the
           World
           ;
           when
           we
           maintain'd
           the
           Sovereignty
           of
           the
           British
           Seas
           ;
           and
           by
           Computation
           ,
           had
           above
           800
           Fishing
           Ships
           ;
           and
           had
           it
           been
           Encourag'd
           ,
           by
           a
           reasonable
           .
           Increase
           ,
           we
           must
           have
           had
           now
           ,
           between
           2
           and
           3000
           Fishing
           Ships
           ;
           And
           nothing
           can
           be
           more
           true
           ,
           than
           that
           the
           Fishery
           of
           England
           ,
           is
           the
           Main
           Pillar
           of
           the
           Trade
           and
           Defence
           of
           this
           Nation
           .
           And
           it
           will
           not
           only
           raise
           the
           Naval
           Force
           of
           England
           ,
           but
           by
           its
           Growth
           and
           Flourishing
           ,
           be
           a
           Curb
           ,
           to
           keep
           under
           the
           growing
           Power
           of
           the
           French
           and
           Hollanders
           ,
           and
           bring
           in
           Great
           Treasure
           to
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           as
           aforesaid
           .
        
         
         
           And
           further
           ,
           if
           this
           Nursery
           for
           Seamen
           were
           Encouraged
           ,
           the
           Merchants
           would
           never
           want
           Men
           to
           carry
           their
           Ships
           to
           Sea
           ,
           nor
           be
           in
           danger
           of
           having
           their
           Men
           press'd
           in
           time
           of
           War
           (
           which
           is
           a
           great
           Detriment
           to
           our
           Trade
           ,
           and
           Loss
           to
           the
           King
           and
           Kingdom
           )
           for
           then
           we
           should
           have
           Sea-faring
           Men
           ,
           and
           Mariners
           enough
           ,
           to
           serve
           the
           Kingdom
           .
        
         
           And
           in
           regard
           that
           some
           people
           may
           say
           that
           there
           will
           not
           be
           constant
           Employ
           for
           our
           Seamen
           in
           the
           Fishery
           in
           times
           of
           Peace
           ;
           and
           so
           prevent
           their
           going
           into
           Foreign
           Service
           for
           want
           of
           Employ
           at
           Home
           :
           I
           have
           particulariz'd
           the
           respective
           Seasons
           for
           Fishing
           ,
           throughout
           the
           Year
           ,
           in
           the
           British
           Seas
           .
        
         
           
           
             Of
             the
             Miraculous
             Treasure
             of
             the
             British
             Seas
             .
          
           
             THE
             Coast
             of
             Great-Britain
             doth
             produce
             a
             continual
             Harvest
             of
             Profit
             and
             Benefit
             to
             all
             that
             do
             Fish
             there
             ;
             and
             such
             Shoals
             and
             Multitude
             of
             Fishes
             are
             offer'd
             to
             the
             Takers
             ,
             that
             it
             makes
             an
             Admiration
             to
             those
             that
             are
             employ'd
             among
             them
             .
          
           
             The
             Summer
             ▪
             Fishing
             for
             Herrings
             ,
             beginneth
             about
             Midsummer
             ,
             lasteth
             some
             part
             of
             August
             .
          
           
             The
             Winter
             Fishing
             for
             Herring
             ,
             from
             September
             ,
             to
             the
             middle
             of
             November
             ;
             both
             which
             extend
             from
             Bonghoness
             in
             Scotland
             ,
             to
             the
             River
             Thames
             Mouth
             ,
             being
             a
             Run
             of
             above
             a
             hundred
             Leagues
             .
          
           
             The
             Fishing
             for
             Cod
             ,
             at
             
               Allum
               by
               ,
               Whirlington
            
             ,
             and
             White-Haven
             ,
             near
             the
             Coast
             of
             Lancashire
             ,
             from
             Easter
             till
             Whitsuntide
             .
          
           
           
             The
             Fishing
             for
             Hake
             ,
             at
             
               Aberdenie
               ,
               Abveswitch
            
             ,
             and
             other
             places
             between
             Wales
             and
             Ireland
             ,
             from
             Whitsuntide
             ,
             to
             St.
             James-Tide
             .
          
           
             The
             Fishing
             for
             Cod
             and
             Ling
             ,
             about
             Padstow
             ,
             within
             the
             Land
             ;
             and
             of
             Severn
             ,
             from
             Christmas
             to
             Midlent
             .
          
           
             The
             Fishing
             for
             Cod
             on
             the
             West
             part
             of
             Ireland
             ,
             frequented
             by
             those
             of
             Biscay
             ,
             and
             Portugal
             ,
             from
             the
             beginning
             of
             April
             until
             the
             end
             of
             June
             .
          
           
             The
             Fishing
             for
             Cod
             and
             Ling
             on
             the
             North
             and
             North-East
             of
             Ireland
             ,
             from
             Michaelmas
             to
             Christmas
             .
          
           
             The
             Fishing
             for
             Pilchers
             on
             the
             West-coast
             of
             England
             ,
             from
             St.
             
               James
               tide
            
             until
             Michaelmas
             .
          
           
             The
             Fishing
             for
             Cod
             and
             Ling
             ,
             upon
             the
             
               North
               East
            
             of
             England
             ,
             from
             Easter
             to
             Midsummer
             .
          
           
             The
             Fishing
             of
             great
             Staple-Ling
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             Sorts
             of
             Fish
             lying
             about
             the
             Island
             of
             
             Scotland
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             several
             parts
             of
             the
             British
             Seas
             all
             the
             Year
             long
             .
          
           
             In
             September
             ,
             not
             many
             years
             since
             ,
             upon
             the
             Coast
             of
             Devonshire
             near
             Minegal
             ,
             five
             hundred
             Tun
             of
             Fish
             were
             taken
             in
             one
             day
             .
             And
             about
             the
             same
             time
             ,
             three
             thousand
             pounds
             worth
             of
             Fish
             ,
             in
             one
             day
             were
             taken
             at
             St.
             Ives
             in
             Cornwal
             ,
             by
             small
             Boats.
             
          
           
             Our
             five
             Men
             Boats
             and
             Cobles
             ,
             
             adventuring
             in
             a
             Calm
             ,
             to
             Launch
             out
             amongst
             the
             Hollands
             Busses
             ,
             not
             far
             from
             
             Robinhood's
             Bay
             ,
             returned
             to
             Whitby
             ,
             full
             freighted
             with
             Herrings
             ,
             and
             reported
             that
             they
             had
             seen
             some
             of
             those
             Busses
             take
             ten
             ,
             twenty
             ,
             and
             twenty
             four
             Lasts
             at
             a
             Draught
             of
             Herring
             ,
             and
             returned
             into
             their
             own
             Country
             with
             forty
             ,
             fifty
             ,
             and
             a
             hundred
             Lastes
             of
             Herring
             in
             one
             Buss
             .
          
           
           
             Our
             Fleet
             of
             Colliers
             ,
             
             not
             many
             years
             since
             ,
             returning
             from
             Newcastle
             ,
             laden
             with
             Coals
             ,
             about
             the
             Wells
             ,
             near
             
               Flamborough
               Head
            
             ,
             and
             Scarborough
             ,
             met
             with
             such
             Multitudes
             of
             Cod
             ,
             Ling
             ,
             and
             Herring
             ,
             that
             one
             among
             the
             rest
             ,
             with
             certain
             Ship
             Hooks
             ,
             and
             other
             like
             Instruments
             ,
             drew
             up
             as
             much
             Cod
             ,
             and
             Ling
             ,
             in
             a
             little
             time
             ,
             as
             sold
             for
             well
             nigh
             as
             much
             as
             her
             whole
             Lading
             of
             Coals
             .
          
           
             And
             many
             hundred
             of
             Ships
             might
             have
             been
             laden
             in
             two
             Days
             ,
             and
             two
             Nights
             .
          
           
             Now
             what
             great
             Inconveniency
             and
             Detriment
             is
             this
             to
             the
             English
             Nation
             ;
             
             That
             we
             do
             not
             Encourage
             a
             
               National
               Fishery
            
             ,
             that
             we
             may
             retrieve
             those
             Great
             Advantages
             ,
             that
             we
             have
             so
             long
             taken
             no
             Notice
             of
             ,
             in
             regard
             we
             can
             Employ
             our
             Seamen
             throughout
             the
             whole
             Annual
             ?
          
           
           
             And
             out
             of
             which
             wonderful
             Affluence
             and
             Abundance
             of
             Fish
             ,
             swarming
             in
             our
             Seas
             ;
             that
             we
             may
             the
             better
             perceive
             the
             Infinite
             Gain
             ,
             which
             Foreign
             Nations
             make
             :
          
           
             I
             will
             especially
             insist
             upon
             the
             Fishing
             of
             the
             Hollanders
             on
             our
             Coasts
             ;
             and
             thereby
             shew
             ,
             how
             by
             this
             Means
             principally
             they
             have
             risen
             ,
             to
             the
             Greatness
             of
             their
             present
             Grandeur
             :
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 In
                 Shipping
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 In
                 Mariners
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 In
                 Trade
                 ,
                 at
                 home
                 and
                 abroad
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 In
                 Towns
                 and
                 Fortifications
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 In
                 Power
                 at
                 home
                 and
                 abroad
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 In
                 Publick
                 Revenue
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 In
                 Private
                 Wealth
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 In
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Provisions
                 ,
                 and
                 Stores
                 of
                 Things
                 Necessary
                 for
                 the
                 Preservation
                 of
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 and
                 Munitions
                 of
                 War.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
             Encrease
             Shipping
             .
          
           
             Besides
             seven
             hundred
             Strand
             Boats
             ,
             
             four
             hundred
             Evars
             ,
             and
             
             four
             hundred
             Sullits
             ,
             Drivers
             ,
             and
             Tod-Boats
             ,
             wherewith
             the
             Hollanders
             Fish
             upon
             our
             Coasts
             ,
             every
             one
             of
             these
             employing
             another
             Ship
             ,
             to
             fetch
             Salt
             ,
             and
             carry
             the
             Fish
             into
             other
             Countries
             ,
             being
             in
             all
             three
             thousand
             Sail
             ▪
             maintaining
             and
             setting
             on
             Work
             ,
             at
             least
             twelve
             thousand
             persons
             ;
             Fishers
             ,
             Tradesmen
             ,
             Women
             and
             Children
             .
             They
             have
             above
             (
             as
             it
             is
             supposed
             )
             one
             hundred
             Doyer-Boats
             ,
             of
             one
             hundred
             and
             fifty
             Tuns
             apiece
             ,
             or
             thereabouts
             ,
             seven
             hundred
             Pinks
             and
             Well-Boats
             ,
             from
             sixty
             to
             one
             hundred
             Tuns
             Burthen
             ,
             which
             altogether
             Fish
             upon
             the
             Coast
             of
             England
             ,
             and
             Scotland
             ,
             for
             Cod
             and
             Ling
             only
             .
          
           
             And
             each
             of
             these
             Employ
             another
             Vessel
             ,
             
             for
             providing
             Salt
             ,
             and
             Transporting
             of
             their
             Fish
             ,
             making
             in
             all
             ,
             one
             thousand
             six
             hundred
             Ships
             ;
             which
             Maintain
             and
             Employ
             persons
             of
             all
             Sorts
             ,
             four
             thousand
             at
             least
             ▪
             For
             the
             
             Herring
             Season
             ,
             they
             have
             one
             thousand
             six
             hundred
             Busses
             at
             the
             least
             ,
             all
             of
             them
             Fishing
             only
             on
             our
             Coast
             ,
             from
             Bonghoness
             in
             Scotland
             ,
             to
             the
             mouth
             of
             the
             Thames
             .
          
           
             And
             every
             One
             maketh
             work
             for
             three
             other
             Ships
             ,
             to
             attend
             her
             ;
             the
             one
             to
             bring
             Salt
             from
             Foreign
             parts
             ;
             another
             to
             carry
             the
             said
             Salt
             and
             Cask
             to
             the
             Busses
             ,
             and
             to
             bring
             back
             their
             Herring
             ,
             and
             the
             Third
             to
             Transport
             the
             Herring
             into
             Foreign
             Markets
             ;
             So
             that
             the
             Total
             Number
             of
             Ships
             and
             Busses
             ,
             plying
             the
             Herring-Fare
             ,
             is
             six
             Thousand
             four
             hundred
             Ships
             ;
             where
             every
             Buss
             ,
             one
             with
             another
             ,
             Employs
             forty
             Men
             ,
             Mariners
             and
             Fishers
             within
             her
             own
             Hold
             ;
             and
             rest
             ,
             ten
             Men
             apiece
             ,
             which
             amounteth
             to
             One
             hundred
             twelve
             thousand
             Fishers
             and
             Mariners
             .
             All
             which
             maintain
             double
             ,
             if
             not
             treble
             so
             many
             Tradesmen
             ,
             Women
             ,
             and
             Children
             by
             Land.
             
          
           
           
             Besides
             ,
             they
             have
             generally
             four
             hundred
             Vessels
             at
             least
             ,
             that
             take
             Herring
             at
             Yarmouth
             ,
             and
             there
             sell
             them
             for
             Ready-Money
             ;
             so
             that
             the
             Hollanders
             (
             besides
             three
             hundred
             Ships
             ,
             beforementioned
             ,
             Fising
             upon
             their
             own
             Coasts
             or
             Shoars
             :
             have
             at
             least
             four
             thousand
             eight
             hundred
             Ships
             ,
             onely
             maintain'd
             by
             the
             Seas
             of
             Great-Britain
             .
             And
             to
             this
             Number
             ,
             they
             undoubtedly
             add
             every
             day
             ;
             although
             their
             Countrey
             neither
             affords
             Victuals
             ,
             nor
             Materials
             ,
             nor
             Merchandize
             to
             set
             them
             forth
             .
          
           
             Yet
             by
             the
             Great
             Advantages
             that
             they
             have
             got
             by
             Fishing
             on
             our
             Coast
             ,
             they
             abound
             in
             every
             Thing
             that
             is
             fit
             for
             the
             Use
             of
             Mankind
             .
          
        
         
           
             Encrease
             of
             Mariners
             .
          
           
             The
             Number
             of
             Ships
             ,
             Fishing
             on
             our
             Coasts
             ,
             as
             being
             aforesaid
             ,
             four
             thousand
             eight
             hundred
             ,
             if
             we
             allow
             but
             twenty
             
             persons
             to
             every
             Ship
             ,
             one
             with
             another
             ,
             the
             Total
             of
             Mariners
             and
             Fishers
             amounteth
             to
             One
             hundred
             sixty
             eight
             Thousand
             ,
             out
             of
             which
             number
             they
             daily
             furnish
             their
             Ships
             ,
             to
             the
             East
             and
             West-Indies
             ,
             to
             the
             Meditereanean
             ,
             and
             for
             their
             Grand
             Fleet
             of
             Men
             of
             War
             ;
             for
             by
             this
             means
             they
             are
             not
             only
             enabled
             to
             brook
             the
             Seas
             and
             know
             the
             Use
             of
             their
             Tackles
             and
             Compass
             ,
             but
             are
             likewise
             instructed
             in
             the
             knowledge
             of
             Navigation
             and
             Pilotage
             ,
             insomuch
             ,
             that
             from
             hence
             their
             greatest
             Navigators
             have
             had
             their
             Educations
             and
             Knowledge
             of
             the
             Seas
             .
          
        
         
           
             Encrease
             of
             TRADE
             .
             
          
           
             By
             reason
             of
             those
             Multitude
             of
             Ships
             and
             Mariners
             ,
             they
             have
             extended
             their
             Trade
             to
             all
             Parts
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             Exporting
             for
             the
             most
             part
             ,
             in
             all
             their
             Voyages
             ,
             our
             Herrings
             ,
             and
             other
             Fish
             ,
             
             which
             they
             Catch
             upon
             our
             Coasts
             ,
             or
             in
             the
             British
             Seas
             ,
             for
             the
             Maintenance
             of
             the
             same
             .
             
          
           
             In
             Exchange
             whereof
             they
             return
             these
             several
             Commodities
             from
             other
             Countries
             :
             From
             the
             Southern
             Parts
             ,
             as
             
               France
               ,
               Spain
            
             ,
             and
             Portugal
             ;
             for
             our
             Herrings
             ,
             and
             other
             Fish
             ,
             they
             return
             Oyls
             ,
             Wines
             ,
             Pruens
             ,
             Honey
             ,
             Woolls
             ,
             Leather
             ,
             with
             Store
             of
             Coin
             in
             Specie
             .
          
           
             From
             the
             Streights
             ;
             Velvets
             ,
             Sattins
             ,
             and
             all
             Sorts
             of
             Silks
             ,
             Aloms
             ,
             Currants
             ,
             Oyls
             ,
             and
             all
             Grocery-Ware
             ,
             with
             much
             Money
             .
          
           
             From
             the
             East-Countries
             for
             our
             Herrings
             ,
             and
             other
             French
             ,
             and
             Italian
             Commodities
             ,
             before
             returned
             ,
             they
             bring
             Home
             Corn
             ,
             Wax
             ,
             Flax
             ,
             Hemp
             ,
             Pitch
             ,
             Tarr
             ,
             Soap-Ashes
             ,
             Iron
             ,
             Copper
             ,
             Steel
             ,
             Clap-board
             ,
             Wain-scot
             ,
             Timber
             ,
             Deal-board
             ,
             Dollars
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             From
             Germany
             ,
             for
             Herrings
             and
             other
             Salt
             Fish
             ,
             Iron
             ,
             Mill-stones
             ,
             
             Rhenish-Wines
             ,
             Plate-Buttons
             for
             Armour
             ,
             with
             other
             Munition
             ,
             too
             tedious
             to
             insert
             ;
             Silks
             ,
             Velvets
             and
             Rushes
             Fustians
             ,
             Baratees
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             Frankford
             Commodities
             ;
             with
             Store
             of
             Rix
             Dollars
             .
          
           
             From
             Brabant
             and
             Flanders
             :
             they
             return
             for
             the
             most
             part
             Ready-Money
             ,
             with
             some
             Tapestries
             ,
             and
             some
             other
             Commodities
             ;
             and
             some
             of
             our
             Herrings
             are
             carried
             so
             far
             as
             Brassil
             .
          
           
             And
             that
             which
             is
             more
             strange
             ,
             and
             to
             our
             great
             dishonour
             ,
             they
             have
             generally
             four
             hundred
             Ships
             ,
             which
             Fish
             in
             sight
             of
             Yarmouth
             ,
             and
             vend
             the
             Herrings
             in
             England
             ,
             and
             make
             us
             pay
             Ready-Money
             for
             our
             own
             Fish
             .
          
           
             Sir
             
               Josiah
               Child
            
             in
             his
             Discourse
             of
             Trade
             ,
             in
             the
             end
             of
             his
             Preface
             ,
             is
             pleased
             to
             say
             ,
             That
             he
             hath
             exposed
             his
             Conceptions
             to
             the
             Publick
             Censure
             ,
             with
             an
             Assurance
             ,
             that
             they
             will
             be
             received
             and
             Honoured
             with
             a
             
             Publick
             Sanction
             ,
             and
             past
             into
             Laws
             ;
             and
             thus
             begins
             his
             Book
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Prodigious
               Increase
               of
               the
               Netherlands
               in
               their
               Domestick
               and
               Forreign
               Trade
               ,
               Riches
               ,
               and
               Multitude
               of
               Shipping
               ,
               is
               the
               envy
               of
               the
               Present
               ,
               and
               may
               be
               the
               Wonder
               of
               future
               Generations
               .
            
          
           
             
               Here
               he
               sets
               out
               the
               Riches
               of
            
             Holland
             ,
             
               and
               backs
               it
               on
               with
               an
               Addition
               ,
               in
               several
               subsequent
               Expressions
               in
               his
               Book
               :
            
             They
             are
             Sampsons
             ,
             and
             Goliah's
             ,
             in
             Trade
             :
             Sons
             of
             Anach
             ;
             Men
             of
             Renown
             ,
             Masters
             of
             the
             field
             ;
             like
             a
             Prevailing
             Army
             that
             Scorns
             to
             build
             Castles
             and
             Fortresses
             ,
             to
             secure
             themselves
             as
             we
             do
             by
             Act
             of
             our
             Navigation
             ;
             
               And
               to
               Advance
               their
               Glory
               herein
               ,
               he
               tells
               us
               ,
               that
               we
               are
               but
            
             Dwarfs
             ,
             and
             Pigmies
             ,
             
               in
               Stocks
               and
               Experience
            
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             But
             he
             takes
             no
             Notice
             that
             they
             have
             attained
             to
             their
             Greatness
             by
             Fishing
             on
             our
             Coasts
             ;
             and
             that
             we
             were
             the
             
             Sampson's
             
             and
             
             Goliah's
             in
             Queen
             Elizabeths
             Reign
             ,
             and
             they
             the
             Pigmies
             ,
             as
             shall
             be
             made
             appear
             more
             at
             large
             .
          
           
             And
             the
             Honoured
             Author
             goes
             further
             on
             in
             his
             Preface
             ,
             and
             tells
             us
             ,
             that
             were
             they
             freed
             from
             the
             French
             Fears
             ,
             they
             would
             be
             Worse
             than
             Task-Masters
             over
             us
             in
             Trade
             ,
             considering
             their
             Treasure
             .
          
           
             That
             the
             Trade
             of
             the
             English
             Nation
             is
             in
             a
             very
             bad
             Circumstances
             ,
             is
             plainly
             seen
             by
             all
             thinking
             Men
             ;
             And
             since
             it
             is
             Practical
             among
             Kings
             and
             Princes
             ,
             and
             Sates
             ,
             to
             Joyn
             one
             with
             another
             (
             or
             enter
             into
             a
             Confederacy
             )
             to
             oppose
             a
             King
             ,
             or
             Prince
             ,
             that
             is
             Growing
             too
             great
             ,
             that
             if
             they
             do
             not
             endeavour
             to
             Suppress
             him
             ,
             it
             may
             be
             a
             Means
             to
             lie
             open
             to
             them
             whenever
             he
             intends
             to
             make
             an
             Invasion
             or
             Incursion
             into
             their
             Dominions
             ,
             or
             Invade
             their
             Territories
             .
          
           
             And
             whether
             it
             is
             not
             now
             
             high
             time
             ,
             considering
             those
             vast
             Improvements
             of
             the
             Hollanders
             and
             French
             ,
             to
             depress
             the
             Growing
             Greatness
             of
             our
             Neighbours
             ,
             must
             be
             left
             to
             the
             Great
             Wisdom
             of
             our
             Senatours
             ;
             And
             also
             ,
             whether
             a
             longer
             Continuance
             of
             their
             Fishing
             on
             our
             Coasts
             will
             not
             be
             a
             further
             Encouragement
             to
             their
             Encroachments
             ,
             and
             our
             own
             Title
             ,
             as
             to
             the
             antient
             Sovereignty
             of
             the
             British
             Seas
             ?
          
           
             By
             this
             their
             large
             Extent
             of
             Trade
             ,
             they
             are
             become
             Citizens
             of
             the
             whole
             World
             ,
             whereby
             they
             have
             so
             enlarged
             their
             Towns
             ,
             that
             most
             of
             them
             within
             this
             Hundred
             Years
             ,
             are
             full
             as
             big
             again
             as
             they
             were
             before
             ;
             as
             
               Amsterdam
               ,
               Rotterdam
               ,
               Dort
               ,
               Middleburgh
               ,
            
             &c.
             having
             been
             twice
             enlarged
             ,
             their
             Streets
             and
             Buildings
             are
             orderly
             set
             forth
             ,
             that
             for
             Beauty
             and
             Strength
             ,
             they
             may
             Compare
             with
             any
             other
             Cities
             in
             the
             World
             ;
             upon
             which
             they
             bestow
             infinite
             Sums
             
             of
             Money
             ;
             All
             this
             Originally
             flowing
             from
             the
             Bounty
             of
             the
             British
             Seas
             ,
             from
             whence
             by
             their
             Labour
             and
             Industry
             ,
             they
             derive
             the
             beginning
             of
             all
             that
             Wealth
             and
             Greatness
             ;
             and
             particularly
             for
             the
             Havens
             of
             the
             aforesaid
             Towns
             ,
             whereof
             some
             of
             them
             Cost
             Forty
             ,
             Fifty
             ,
             or
             an
             Hundred
             thousand
             pounds
             :
             their
             Fortifications
             ,
             both
             for
             Number
             and
             Strength
             ,
             (
             upon
             which
             they
             have
             bestowed
             innumerable
             Sums
             of
             Money
             )
             as
             well
             upon
             their
             Frontiers
             ,
             as
             Ports
             ,
             and
             may
             Vye
             with
             any
             People
             in
             the
             World.
             
          
        
         
           
             Encrease
             of
             Power
             abroad
             .
          
           
             Such
             being
             the
             Number
             of
             the
             Ships
             and
             Mariners
             ,
             
             and
             so
             great
             their
             Trade
             ,
             Occasioned
             Principally
             by
             their
             Fishing
             ,
             they
             have
             not
             only
             Strengthned
             ,
             and
             Fortified
             themselves
             at
             Home
             ,
             and
             to
             Repel
             all
             Foreign
             Invasions
             ;
             But
             have
             likewise
             Stretched
             their
             
             Power
             to
             the
             East
             and
             
               West
               Indies
            
             ,
             and
             in
             many
             Places
             thereof
             ,
             they
             are
             Lords
             of
             the
             Sea-Coasts
             ;
             and
             have
             likewise
             Fortified
             upon
             the
             Main
             :
             And
             more
             than
             this
             ,
             all
             the
             Neighbouring
             Princes
             ,
             in
             their
             differences
             by
             reason
             of
             this
             their
             Greatness
             at
             Sea
             ,
             are
             glad
             to
             have
             them
             of
             their
             Party
             ,
             as
             was
             exemplified
             ,
             when
             the
             Wars
             were
             between
             the
             Danes
             and
             the
             Swedes
             ,
             the
             Hollanders
             were
             for
             the
             King
             of
             Denmark
             ,
             and
             Lent
             him
             Vantrump
             to
             be
             his
             Admiral
             ,
             who
             had
             the
             Success
             of
             Sinking
             the
             Swedish
             Admiral
             ,
             and
             overthrew
             the
             Swedish
             Fleet.
             
          
           
             This
             is
             a
             Confirmation
             how
             much
             they
             are
             in
             Esteem
             for
             their
             Strength
             at
             Sea
             ,
             and
             that
             one
             would
             think
             ought
             to
             be
             a
             President
             for
             England
             ,
             to
             Preserve
             our
             Naval-Force
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Encrease
             of
             Publick
             Revenue
             .
          
           
             Moreover
             ;
             
             how
             mightily
             the
             Publick
             Revenue
             ,
             and
             Custom
             of
             that
             State
             is
             increased
             by
             their
             Fishing
             on
             our
             Coasts
             ,
             may
             appear
             in
             this
             ;
             that
             above
             forty
             years
             since
             ,
             over
             and
             above
             the
             Customs
             of
             other
             Merchandize
             ,
             Excises
             ,
             Licenses
             ,
             Waftage
             and
             Lastage
             ,
             there
             was
             paid
             to
             the
             States
             for
             Custom
             of
             Herring
             ,
             and
             other
             Salt
             Fish
             ,
             above
             five
             hundred
             thousand
             pounds
             in
             one
             year
             ,
             besides
             the
             tenth
             Fish
             ,
             and
             Cask
             paid
             ,
             and
             for
             Waftage
             ,
             which
             cometh
             to
             at
             least
             as
             much
             more
             ,
             among
             the
             Hollanders
             only
             :
             Whereto
             the
             tenth
             of
             other
             Nations
             being
             added
             ,
             it
             amounteth
             to
             a
             far
             greater
             Sum.
             
          
           
             We
             are
             likewise
             to
             understand
             that
             great
             part
             of
             their
             Fish
             that
             they
             take
             out
             of
             our
             Seas
             upon
             our
             Coasts
             ,
             is
             sold
             in
             other
             Countries
             for
             Ready
             Money
             ,
             and
             they
             generally
             
             Import
             from
             Foreign
             Countries
             ,
             of
             the
             finest
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             ;
             coming
             home
             ,
             Recoin
             it
             of
             a
             baser
             Allay
             under
             their
             own
             Stamp
             ,
             by
             which
             means
             they
             exceedingly
             Augment
             their
             Publick
             Treasure
             .
          
        
         
           
             Observation
             .
          
           
             So
             that
             if
             England
             would
             encourage
             this
             
               National
               Fishery
            
             ,
             we
             should
             Heap
             the
             same
             Advantages
             ;
             (
             the
             Allay
             of
             the
             Coin
             only
             excepted
             ,
             )
             which
             we
             cannot
             permit
             in
             England
             .
          
        
         
           
             Encrease
             of
             Private
             Wealth
             .
          
           
             As
             touching
             their
             Private
             Wealth
             ;
             if
             we
             Consider
             the
             abounding
             Stores
             of
             Herrings
             ,
             and
             other
             Fish
             by
             them
             taken
             on
             our
             Coasts
             ,
             and
             the
             usual
             Prices
             that
             they
             are
             sold
             for
             ;
             as
             also
             the
             Multitude
             of
             Tradesmen
             and
             Handicrafts
             Men
             ,
             that
             by
             reason
             
             of
             this
             their
             Fishing
             ,
             are
             daily
             set
             on
             work
             ,
             we
             must
             needs
             conclude
             ,
             that
             the
             Gain
             and
             Profit
             thereof
             ,
             made
             by
             Private
             Men
             ,
             must
             of
             Necessity
             be
             exceeding
             Great
             ;
             As
             by
             Observing
             the
             particulars
             following
             ,
             will
             appear
             ;
          
           
             By
             Dunkirk
             Spoyling
             and
             Burning
             the
             Busses
             of
             Holland
             ,
             and
             setting
             Great
             Ransom
             upon
             their
             Fishermen
             ,
             Enforced
             them
             to
             compound
             for
             great
             Sums
             of
             Money
             ;
             that
             they
             might
             Fish
             quietly
             for
             one
             year
             ;
             whereupon
             the
             next
             year
             after
             the
             Fishermen
             agreed
             amongst
             themselves
             to
             pay
             to
             the
             States
             of
             Holland
             a
             Dollar
             ,
             for
             every
             Last
             of
             Herring
             ,
             towards
             the
             Maintenance
             of
             Certain
             Ships
             of
             War
             ,
             to
             secure
             them
             in
             their
             Fishing
             on
             our
             Coasts
             ,
             they
             having
             obtained
             Liberty
             from
             England
             for
             the
             same
             ;
             By
             Reason
             whereof
             there
             was
             a
             Record
             kept
             of
             the
             several
             Lasts
             of
             Herrings
             that
             year
             ,
             and
             it
             appeared
             thereby
             ,
             that
             in
             
             one
             Half
             year
             they
             had
             taken
             thirty
             thousand
             Lasts
             of
             Herrings
             ,
             which
             at
             twenty
             pound
             per
             Last
             ,
             amounteth
             to
             three
             Millions
             Six
             hundred
             thousand
             pounds
             ,
             at
             sixteen
             ,
             twenty
             ,
             and
             thirty
             ,
             pounds
             a
             Last
             ,
             as
             they
             are
             Ordinarily
             sold
             (
             according
             as
             they
             Pick
             them
             )
             and
             then
             transported
             into
             other
             Countries
             ,
             it
             cometh
             at
             least
             to
             five
             Millions
             ,
             whereunto
             ,
             if
             we
             add
             the
             Herrings
             taken
             by
             other
             Nations
             ;
             As
             
               France
               ,
               Lubeck
               ,
               Hamborough
               ,
               Bremen
               ,
               Biscay
               ,
               Portugal
               ,
               Spain
               ,
               &c.
            
             which
             for
             the
             most
             part
             Fish
             in
             our
             Seas
             ;
             together
             with
             Cod
             ,
             Ling
             ,
             Hake
             ,
             and
             other
             Fish
             ,
             and
             taken
             by
             the
             Hollanders
             upon
             the
             British
             Coasts
             ,
             all
             the
             year
             long
             ,
             the
             Total
             will
             Modestly
             and
             Evidently
             arise
             to
             above
             ten
             Millions
             .
             
               per
               Annum
            
             .
          
           
             But
             Admit
             it
             did
             amount
             to
             but
             five
             Millions
             ;
             what
             a
             vast
             Loss
             is
             it
             for
             our
             Nation
             to
             sustain
             ?
          
           
           
             The
             great
             Trade
             of
             Fishing
             ,
             Employing
             so
             many
             Ships
             at
             Sea
             ,
             must
             likewise
             maintain
             an
             innumerable
             number
             of
             Tradesmen
             and
             Artists
             by
             Land
             ;
             As
             Spinners
             ,
             Hemp-Winders
             to
             Cables
             ,
             Cordage
             ,
             Yarn
             ,
             Twine
             for
             Nets
             and
             Lines
             ;
             Weavers
             ,
             to
             make
             Sail-Cloths
             ,
             Cesive
             ,
             Packers
             ,
             Tollers
             ,
             Dressers
             ,
             and
             Cowchers
             ,
             to
             sort
             and
             make
             the
             Herrings
             lawful
             Merchandize
             ;
             Tanners
             ,
             to
             Tan
             their
             Sails
             and
             Nets
             ;
             Coopers
             ,
             to
             make
             Cask
             ,
             Block
             ,
             and
             Boultmakers
             for
             Ships
             ,
             Keelmen
             ,
             and
             Labourers
             for
             carrying
             and
             removing
             their
             Fish
             :
             Sawyers
             for
             Planks
             ,
             Carpenters
             ,
             Shipwrights
             ,
             Smiths
             ,
             Carmen
             ,
             Boatmen
             ,
             Brewers
             ,
             Bakers
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             Number
             of
             others
             ,
             whereof
             many
             are
             maimed
             Persons
             ,
             and
             unfit
             to
             be
             otherwise
             Employed
             ,
             Children
             and
             Families
             ;
             
             And
             further
             ,
             every
             Man
             and
             Maid-Servant
             having
             any
             poor
             Stock
             ,
             may
             venture
             the
             same
             in
             their
             Fishing-Voyages
             ,
             
             which
             affords
             them
             Ordinarily
             ,
             Great
             Increase
             ,
             and
             is
             duly
             paid
             according
             to
             the
             Proportion
             of
             their
             Gain
             .
          
        
         
           
             Encrease
             of
             Provision
             .
             
          
           
             And
             further
             it
             is
             well
             known
             ,
             that
             Holland
             it self
             ,
             only
             doth
             afford
             a
             few
             Hops
             ,
             Madders
             ,
             Butter
             and
             Cheese
             ,
             and
             yet
             aboundeth
             in
             a
             very
             bountiful
             Manner
             ,
             (
             by
             Reason
             of
             this
             Art
             of
             Fishing
             )
             in
             all
             kind
             of
             Provision
             ,
             so
             well
             for
             Life
             as
             Commerce
             ;
             As
             in
             Beef
             ,
             Mutton
             ,
             Veal
             ,
             Corn
             ,
             &c.
             
             In
             Cloths
             and
             Leather
             ,
             and
             Wines
             ,
             Silks
             ,
             Spices
             ;
             and
             for
             to
             Defend
             themselves
             by
             Sea
             ,
             they
             have
             Pitch
             ,
             Tarr
             ,
             Cordage
             ,
             and
             Timber
             ,
             Iron
             ,
             Steel
             ,
             Cannon
             ,
             and
             all
             Manner
             of
             Small
             Arms
             ,
             for
             the
             Service
             of
             their
             Land
             Forces
             .
          
           
           
             Of
             all
             which
             they
             have
             not
             only
             Enough
             to
             Supply
             themselves
             ,
             but
             from
             their
             Magazines
             ,
             are
             able
             to
             furnish
             their
             Neighbouring
             Countries
             .
          
           
             And
             if
             this
             Fishery
             is
             not
             encouraged
             ,
             it
             must
             certainly
             redound
             to
             the
             Ignominy
             of
             the
             English
             Nation
             ,
             to
             permit
             Strangers
             to
             Fish
             on
             our
             Seas
             ,
             and
             Impoverish
             our Selves
             to
             make
             them
             Rich
             ;
             Insomuch
             that
             for
             want
             of
             Encouraging
             this
             Fishery
             ,
             above
             two
             Hundred
             Towns
             ,
             Burroughs
             and
             Villages
             are
             Ruin'd
             (
             that
             formerly
             were
             enriched
             by
             Fishing
             )
             and
             the
             Inhabitants
             reduced
             to
             Miserable
             Want.
             
          
           
             Whereas
             on
             the
             Contrary
             ,
             by
             our
             Sedulous
             endeavouring
             to
             make
             use
             of
             this
             Great
             Blessing
             ,
             we
             might
             in
             a
             few
             years
             ,
             Repair
             the
             decayed
             Towns
             ,
             and
             the
             Losses
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             ;
             and
             not
             only
             prevent
             the
             Destruction
             of
             Thousands
             
             of
             Families
             ,
             and
             grow
             so
             Potent
             by
             Sea
             ,
             that
             none
             durst
             oppose
             us
             .
          
           
             And
             beyond
             all
             Dispute
             ,
             had
             our
             Ancestors
             (
             in
             the
             Reign
             of
             Queen
             Elizabeth
             )
             been
             told
             that
             either
             the
             French
             or
             Hollanders
             ,
             should
             ever
             have
             been
             so
             Powerful
             by
             Sea
             ,
             as
             to
             appear
             with
             that
             Naval
             Force
             as
             they
             have
             done
             on
             our
             Seas
             ,
             they
             would
             have
             thought
             they
             had
             been
             the
             greatest
             Lyars
             and
             Impostors
             in
             the
             World
             ,
             which
             is
             now
             too
             manifestly
             known
             ,
             not
             only
             to
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             but
             to
             the
             whole
             Universe
             .
          
           
             And
             how
             can
             it
             be
             supposed
             ,
             that
             we
             shall
             be
             able
             to
             Defend
             our selves
             against
             any
             Invasion
             or
             Incursion
             ,
             that
             a
             Foreign
             Enemy
             may
             make
             ,
             unless
             we
             Preserve
             the
             Foundation
             of
             those
             Floating
             Castles
             that
             must
             secure
             the
             Island
             ?
          
        
         
           
           
             Which
             without
             Controversie
             is
             a
             National-Fishery
             .
          
           
             When
             't
             is
             daily
             visible
             that
             the
             French
             and
             Hollanders
             had
             never
             attained
             to
             that
             Force
             by
             Sea
             ,
             they
             are
             now
             arrived
             to
             ,
             if
             it
             had
             not
             been
             Encouraged
             by
             this
             Neglect
             of
             ours
             ;
             which
             in
             all
             Probability
             may
             prove
             the
             giving
             the
             Sword
             out
             of
             our
             own
             Power
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             last
             Degree
             prove
             Fatal
             to
             the
             English
             Nation
             ,
             if
             not
             speedily
             prevented
             .
          
           
             And
             since
             God
             and
             Nature
             hath
             Offered
             so
             great
             a
             Treasure
             ,
             and
             lays
             it
             at
             our
             own
             Doors
             ;
             should
             we
             not
             be
             exceedingly
             to
             Blame
             ,
             if
             we
             do
             not
             accept
             of
             such
             a
             Wonderful
             Blessing
             ,
             which
             no
             People
             in
             the
             World
             but
             our selves
             can
             boast
             of
             ,
             to
             enjoy
             in
             so
             Bountiful
             a
             manner
             as
             this
             is
             Bestowed
             on
             us
             ?
          
           
           
             The
             Right
             Method
             to
             be
             taken
             to
             Retrieve
             and
             Secure
             our
             Priviledges
             ,
             ought
             to
             be
             the
             Great
             and
             Speedy
             Care
             of
             the
             best
             Patriot
             of
             our
             Country
             ;
             I
             might
             give
             here
             many
             Reasons
             for
             defending
             the
             Right
             of
             the
             Fishery
             to
             our
             own
             Subjects
             ,
             as
             upon
             the
             Reason
             of
             Justice
             ,
             Prudence
             and
             Interest
             ,
             and
             the
             Right
             of
             our
             Sovereignty
             of
             the
             British
             Seas
             ,
             admits
             of
             no
             Dispute
             .
          
           
             Some
             Men
             may
             say
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             not
             a
             proper
             time
             to
             insist
             upon
             ,
             or
             Dispute
             the
             Sovereignty
             of
             the
             British
             Seas
             .
          
        
         
           
             For
             these
             Reasons
             .
          
           
             First
             ,
             
             the
             King
             is
             a
             Hollander
             Born.
             
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             that
             He
             hath
             an
             Estate
             and
             Revenues
             in
             Holland
             .
          
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             if
             the
             States
             of
             Holland
             had
             not
             Assisted
             his
             Majesty
             with
             their
             Navy
             and
             Army
             ,
             
             in
             his
             Expedition
             against
             King
             James
             ,
             he
             would
             not
             have
             Succeeded
             in
             his
             Design
             .
          
           
             Fourthly
             ,
             That
             the
             States
             of
             Holland
             may
             insist
             ,
             that
             if
             they
             had
             not
             Assisted
             England
             in
             the
             Distress
             they
             were
             involved
             in
             King
             
             James's
             Reign
             ,
             they
             had
             not
             been
             Delivered
             from
             Tyranny
             and
             Popery
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
             In
             Answer
             to
             these
             Objections
             ,
             I
             Humbly
             Offer
             these
             Considerations
             .
          
           
             As
             to
             the
             First
             ,
             It
             is
             true
             ,
             the
             King
             was
             Born
             in
             Holland
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             Mothers
             side
             English
             ,
             but
             now
             His
             Majesty
             is
             Espoused
             to
             England
             by
             his
             Coronation
             Oath
             ,
             and
             therefore
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             Sacred
             Writ
             ,
             will
             (
             no
             doubt
             )
             cleave
             unto
             his
             Wife
             .
          
           
             And
             let
             some
             Mens
             mistakes
             be
             what
             they
             will
             ▪
             He
             must
             undoubtedly
             have
             a
             Greater
             Esteem
             for
             the
             English
             and
             for
             England
             ,
             that
             hath
             Crowned
             him
             with
             
             the
             Imperial
             Diadem
             of
             these
             Kingdoms
             and
             Dominions
             ,
             than
             for
             the
             Hollanders
             ,
             if
             once
             they
             should
             oppose
             the
             Sovereignty
             of
             the
             British
             Seas
             ,
             which
             is
             now
             his
             Right
             ,
             as
             hath
             been
             acknowledged
             by
             
               Hugo
               Grotius
            
             ,
             upon
             the
             Innaugaration
             of
             King
             James
             the
             First
             of
             England
             ,
             He
             rendreth
             this
             Magnificent
             Character
             of
             him
             .
          
           
             
               Tria
               Sceptra
               Profundi
               in
               Magne
               Cojere
               Ducem
            
             ;
             
             which
             is
             ,
             that
             the
             Rights
             of
             
               English
               ,
               Scottish
               ,
               and
               Irish
            
             Seas
             ,
             are
             united
             under
             one
             Scepter
             ,
             neither
             is
             he
             Satisfied
             with
             this
             bare
             Profession
             ,
             but
             he
             goes
             on
             ,
             
               Sume
               animos
               à
               Rege
               tuo
               ,
               Quis
               det
               Jura
               Mari
            
             ;
             which
             is
             ,
             Take
             Courage
             from
             the
             King
             ,
             who
             giveth
             Laws
             to
             the
             Sea
             :
             And
             in
             the
             same
             Book
             ,
             in
             contemplation
             of
             so
             great
             a
             Power
             ,
             he
             Concludeeth
             .
             
               Finis
               Hic
               est
               qui
               Fine
               caret
               ,
            
             &c.
             that
             is
             ,
             This
             is
             an
             End
             beyond
             an
             End
             ,
             a
             Bound
             that
             
             knoweth
             no
             Bound
             ;
             a
             Bound
             which
             even
             the
             Wind
             and
             the
             Waves
             must
             submit
             unto
             ;
             This
             is
             the
             Acknowledgment
             of
             
               Hugo
               Grotius
            
             himself
             ,
             that
             before
             he
             had
             disowned
             the
             Sovereignty
             of
             the
             British
             Seas
             in
             his
             
               Mare
               Liberum
            
             .
          
        
         
           
             As
             to
             the
             Second
             Objection
             .
          
           
             The
             King
             is
             not
             unsensible
             ,
             that
             his
             Revenues
             in
             England
             doth
             far
             exceed
             those
             of
             Holland
             ,
             and
             the
             only
             way
             to
             Secure
             his
             Interest
             there
             ,
             must
             be
             by
             dint
             of
             Sword
             ,
             for
             without
             that
             ,
             he
             had
             never
             Regained
             the
             Principality
             of
             Orange
             ;
             And
             it
             cannot
             be
             supposed
             that
             his
             Majesty
             should
             value
             these
             Kingdoms
             and
             Dominons
             at
             so
             slender
             a
             Rate
             ,
             as
             to
             lie
             open
             to
             a
             Foreign
             Enemy
             for
             want
             of
             Encouraging
             a
             National-Fishery
             ,
             which
             will
             be
             for
             his
             Glory
             ,
             the
             Honour
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             the
             
             Publick
             Good
             in
             General
             ;
             when
             he
             is
             convinced
             it
             is
             to
             be
             done
             ,
             and
             thereby
             Secures
             the
             Interest
             and
             safety
             of
             his
             Dominions
             ,
             both
             at
             Home
             and
             Abroad
             .
          
        
         
           
             As
             to
             the
             Third
             Objection
             .
          
           
             'T
             is
             allowed
             ,
             the
             States
             of
             Holland
             did
             Assist
             His
             Majesty
             with
             their
             Navy
             and
             Army
             ;
             and
             in
             Answer
             to
             this
             ,
             the
             King
             knows
             it
             may
             be
             proved
             from
             undeniable
             Record
             ;
             That
             if
             Queen
             Elizabeth
             (
             of
             Blessed
             Memory
             )
             had
             not
             Assisted
             the
             States
             both
             by
             Sea
             and
             Land
             ,
             when
             they
             First
             Revolted
             from
             the
             King
             of
             Spain
             ,
             they
             would
             never
             been
             freed
             from
             the
             Spanish
             Yoke
             ,
             nor
             a
             free
             State
             ;
             And
             further
             ,
             for
             Her
             Majestie
             's
             Assistance
             ,
             Offer'd
             Her
             the
             Sovereignty
             of
             the
             Netherlands
             ,
             in
             Consiederation
             of
             Her
             Royal
             Bounty
             ,
             and
             Goodness
             to
             them
             ,
             after
             she
             had
             sent
             Threescore
             thousand
             pounds
             ,
             upon
             
             on
             the
             Account
             of
             Sir
             
               Thomas
               Gresham
            
             ,
             in
             Anno
             ,
             one
             Thousand
             five
             Hundred
             Seventy
             and
             two
             ;
             so
             that
             it
             is
             supposed
             that
             not
             only
             the
             King
             but
             all
             Christendom
             knows
             ,
             that
             the
             Hollanders
             owe
             their
             Ab-Origine
             ,
             and
             the
             Greatness
             they
             are
             now
             attained
             to
             ,
             from
             England
             :
             So
             this
             is
             but
             one
             Service
             done
             for
             another
             .
          
        
         
           
             As
             to
             the
             Fourth
             Objection
             .
          
           
             Beyond
             all
             Dispute
             the
             King
             and
             Kingdom
             hath
             taken
             Care
             to
             Pay
             the
             Hollanders
             ,
             all
             the
             Charges
             they
             were
             at
             for
             the
             Navy
             and
             Army
             .
          
           
             But
             it
             cannot
             be
             supposed
             that
             they
             would
             quit
             their
             Pretensions
             to
             the
             Sovereignty
             of
             the
             British
             Seas
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             Main
             Pillar
             of
             the
             Nation
             .
          
           
             As
             in
             the
             Preamble
             ,
             of
             an
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             made
             in
             the
             14.
             year
             of
             the
             Reign
             of
             King
             Charles
             the
             Second
             ,
             it
             is
             thus
             inserted
             .
          
           
           
             That
             the
             Wealth
             ,
             Honour
             and
             Safety
             of
             this
             Realm
             ;
             as
             well
             for
             the
             Maintainance
             of
             Trade
             ,
             and
             Encouragement
             of
             Navigation
             ,
             as
             in
             many
             other
             Respects
             ,
             doth
             in
             a
             High
             Degree
             depend
             on
             the
             Fishery
             .
          
           
             And
             should
             God
             Almighty
             ,
             out
             of
             his
             Infinite
             Mercy
             and
             Goodness
             ,
             Inspire
             the
             King
             and
             Senatours
             ,
             to
             Revive
             and
             Promote
             this
             National-Fishery
             ;
             It
             would
             be
             such
             a
             Comfort
             in
             Danger
             to
             this
             Nation
             ,
             as
             the
             Honey
             Sampson
             found
             in
             the
             Lyons
             Jaws
             :
             And
             not
             onely
             the
             Coasting
             Towns
             ,
             Burroughs
             and
             adjacent
             villages
             ,
             be
             Enriched
             thereby
             ;
             but
             the
             King
             and
             Kingdom
             in
             General
             ,
             would
             find
             the
             Sweetness
             of
             it
             .
          
           
             For
             did
             we
             but
             Secure
             the
             Sovereignty
             of
             the
             British
             Seas
             ,
             it
             would
             not
             only
             make
             the
             whole
             World
             stand
             in
             awe
             of
             us
             ,
             but
             Court
             us
             to
             buy
             our
             Fish
             .
          
           
           
             For
             without
             ,
             it
             is
             Impossible
             the
             East
             and
             Northern
             Countries
             should
             subsist
             ,
             and
             in
             many
             other
             Places
             ,
             Herrings
             are
             every
             days
             Meat
             ,
             Winter
             and
             Summer
             ,
             as
             well
             to
             draw
             on
             drink
             ,
             as
             to
             satisfie
             Hunger
             and
             in
             many
             Places
             ,
             the
             Greatest
             part
             of
             the
             year
             ,
             they
             are
             Scarce
             to
             be
             had
             ;
             for
             soon
             after
             Michaelmas
             ,
             the
             Sound
             is
             Frozen
             ,
             so
             that
             no
             Herrings
             can
             be
             Transported
             thither
             ;
             And
             
               France
               ,
               Spain
               ,
               Italy
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Rest
             of
             the
             Catholick
             Countries
             ,
             could
             not
             keep
             Lent
             (
             without
             our
             Fish
             )
             which
             next
             to
             their
             own
             Salvation
             ,
             they
             Tender
             most
             Dear
             ,
             in
             Obedience
             to
             the
             Command
             of
             the
             Church
             of
             Rome
             .
          
           
             'T
             is
             Observable
             ,
             that
             the
             Hollanders
             make
             it
             their
             Business
             to
             infect
             the
             People
             of
             England
             ,
             that
             we
             cannot
             make
             the
             Advantage
             of
             the
             Fishery
             as
             they
             do
             ;
             and
             therefore
             it
             will
             be
             convenient
             to
             remove
             all
             the
             Vulgar
             Objections
             :
             Some
             will
             have
             it
             that
             
             we
             want
             Men
             ,
             and
             others
             ,
             that
             our
             Men
             will
             never
             take
             to
             it
             .
          
           
             As
             to
             the
             First
             ,
             I
             Answer
             ,
             That
             we
             have
             Men
             Enough
             ,
             but
             they
             are
             Idle
             and
             live
             upon
             the
             Publick
             ,
             without
             making
             any
             Return
             of
             their
             Labour
             ,
             but
             let
             these
             People
             be
             Employ'd
             in
             the
             Fishery
             ,
             and
             they
             Protected
             by
             an
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             we
             shall
             soon
             have
             enough
             ,
             and
             to
             spare
             ;
             and
             it
             is
             a
             Great
             Happiness
             to
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             that
             we
             can
             Employ
             our
             Sea-faring
             Men
             in
             times
             of
             Peace
             ,
             and
             't
             is
             so
             great
             a
             Blessing
             ,
             that
             no
             Nation
             in
             the
             World
             has
             the
             like
             Opportunity
             of
             Employing
             and
             enriching
             themselves
             .
          
           
             The
             Second
             (
             Exception
             or
             )
             Objection
             is
             ;
             That
             the
             Genius
             of
             this
             Nation
             will
             never
             endure
             the
             Hardships
             of
             this
             Employment
             .
          
           
             To
             which
             I
             Answer
             ,
             That
             the
             English
             do
             run
             greater
             Hazards
             ,
             and
             suffer
             greater
             Hardships
             in
             
             their
             long
             ,
             tedious
             ,
             and
             unhealthy
             Voyages
             ;
             as
             to
             the
             East
             and
             the
             West-Indies
             ,
             and
             the
             Turkey
             Voyages
             ,
             where
             many
             Men
             are
             lost
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             Heat
             of
             the
             Climate
             ,
             want
             of
             Provisions
             and
             Water
             ,
             which
             in
             the
             Fishery
             ,
             there
             is
             none
             of
             these
             Inconveniences
             to
             attend
             them
             ,
             they
             being
             so
             often
             in
             and
             out
             of
             Port
             ;
             and
             as
             to
             Labour
             ,
             the
             working
             of
             a
             Mine
             is
             far
             beyond
             that
             of
             Fishing
             ,
             where
             the
             Men
             sometimes
             Work
             up
             to
             the
             Middle
             in
             Water
             .
             —
             But
             to
             come
             nearer
             to
             the
             Point
             ,
             the
             English
             is
             so
             far
             from
             having
             an
             Aversion
             against
             Fishing
             ,
             that
             they
             apply
             themselves
             to
             it
             ;
             for
             Example
             ,
             after
             Harvest
             is
             in
             ,
             and
             the
             Herring-Season
             comes
             on
             ,
             the
             Country
             Fellows
             and
             Boys
             do
             go
             to
             the
             Coasting
             Towns
             ,
             to
             be
             Hired
             into
             the
             Fishery
             ;
             and
             do
             Generally
             take
             such
             a
             liking
             to
             it
             ,
             that
             after
             2
             or
             3
             Voyages
             they
             very
             rarely
             return
             
             to
             their
             Rural
             Employment
             ,
             but
             take
             to
             the
             Sea
             altogether
             .
          
           
             And
             further
             ,
             I
             cannot
             imagine
             what
             Hardships
             the
             Hollanders
             can
             undergo
             in
             the
             Fishing
             ,
             more
             than
             the
             English
             are
             willing
             to
             do
             ;
             this
             is
             another
             Objection
             .
          
           
             But
             this
             ,
             beyond
             all
             dispute
             ,
             is
             a
             very
             Erroneous
             Notion
             ;
             for
             the
             Herring
             Fishing
             in
             the
             English
             Seas
             begins
             in
             June
             ,
             and
             goes
             out
             in
             November
             ;
             and
             that
             for
             the
             first
             four
             Months
             ,
             it
             is
             the
             best
             time
             for
             Profit
             ,
             Pleasure
             ,
             and
             Fair-Weather
             ;
             for
             we
             seldom
             look
             out
             after
             the
             Herring
             Fishing
             till
             September
             ,
             and
             so
             continue
             to
             the
             end
             of
             November
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             most
             Tempestuous
             Season
             in
             the
             Whole
             Annual
             ;
             and
             then
             in
             January
             ,
             we
             fit
             out
             for
             the
             North
             Seas
             ,
             and
             spend
             the
             remaining
             part
             of
             Winter
             in
             all
             Extremities
             of
             Cold
             and
             Hardship
             ;
             This
             is
             enough
             to
             Satisfie
             ,
             that
             we
             are
             able
             to
             undergo
             as
             much
             Hardships
             as
             the
             Hollanders
             .
          
           
           
             But
             however
             ,
             I
             'le
             strain
             this
             point
             a
             little
             further
             ;
             Suppose
             that
             the
             Winter
             Fishing
             would
             be
             too
             Hard
             for
             us
             ,
             what
             Excuse
             can
             we
             have
             for
             not
             makeing
             our
             Improvements
             on
             the
             Summer
             Fishing
             ,
             which
             is
             more
             advantageous
             abundantly
             ;
          
           
             Another
             Objection
             is
             ,
             That
             the
             Hollanders
             can
             fare
             Harder
             than
             the
             English
             ,
             in
             their
             course
             feeding
             ,
             and
             Great
             Stress
             is
             laid
             upon
             this
             ;
             and
             that
             an
             English
             Man
             will
             never
             be
             able
             to
             live
             on
             so
             sparing
             a
             Diet
             as
             they
             do
             .
          
           
             Now
             if
             it
             were
             so
             ,
             and
             that
             an
             English
             Diet
             could
             not
             be
             had
             ,
             and
             that
             a
             Dutch
             Diet
             would
             not
             serve
             us
             ;
             but
             that
             is
             not
             our
             Condition
             :
             for
             he
             that
             cannot
             brook
             with
             the
             one
             may
             have
             the
             other
             ;
             And
             I
             am
             induced
             to
             believe
             that
             Pork
             ,
             Pease
             ,
             and
             Beef
             ,
             are
             much
             better
             and
             more
             Strengthening
             ,
             than
             Roots
             and
             Cabbage
             ,
             for
             the
             Hollanders
             
             Victualling
             is
             the
             same
             with
             ours
             ,
             for
             Beer
             ,
             Biscuite
             ,
             Butter
             ,
             Cheese
             ;
             all
             which
             we
             can
             provide
             our selves
             with
             ,
             much
             Cheaper
             than
             they
             :
             And
             to
             make
             Good
             the
             Defect
             of
             their
             Ordinary
             Provisions
             ,
             they
             drink
             a
             great
             deal
             more
             Brandy
             than
             the
             English
             do
             ;
             so
             then
             to
             take
             one
             thing
             with
             another
             ,
             we
             Victual
             with
             Good
             Provisions
             ,
             as
             Cheap
             or
             Cheaper
             than
             they
             do
             .
          
           
             But
             besides
             the
             very
             suggestion
             of
             leaving
             a
             Good
             Diet
             ,
             to
             go
             to
             a
             bad
             ,
             is
             a
             very
             Great
             Error
             ;
             for
             the
             Countrey
             Men
             that
             enter
             themselves
             on
             board
             the
             Fishery
             ,
             fare
             far
             better
             at
             Sea
             than
             they
             did
             at
             Land
             ;
             for
             besides
             their
             General
             Victualling
             ,
             which
             they
             carry
             with
             them
             to
             Sea
             ,
             they
             feed
             upon
             the
             Fish
             they
             Catch
             ,
             which
             for
             Variety
             ,
             being
             Fresh
             taken
             ,
             is
             a
             Treat
             ,
             to
             what
             a
             Person
             of
             Quality
             has
             at
             his
             Table
             a
             Shoar
             ;
             and
             of
             pitiful
             weak
             Men
             at
             
             Land
             ,
             in
             a
             Voyage
             or
             two
             ,
             become
             Stout
             ,
             Hearty
             ,
             and
             Healthful
             Men.
             
          
           
             There
             are
             two
             more
             Wolves
             in
             the
             way
             ;
             First
             ,
             that
             our
             Herrings
             are
             in
             no
             esteem
             abroad
             ,
             because
             we
             have
             not
             the
             right
             way
             to
             cure
             them
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             we
             shall
             never
             make
             nothing
             on
             't
             ,
             for
             the
             Hollanders
             will
             under-sell
             us
             ,
             for
             Freighting
             Cheaper
             ,
             and
             consequently
             beat
             us
             out
             of
             the
             Trade
             .
          
           
             In
             answer
             to
             which
             ;
             First
             ,
             there
             are
             two
             ways
             of
             curing
             the
             Herrings
             ,
             the
             one
             at
             Sea
             ,
             where
             they
             are
             Gipp'd
             ,
             immediately
             upon
             their
             taking
             ,
             and
             Barrell'd
             ;
             the
             other
             at
             Land
             ,
             where
             they
             are
             Gipp'd
             ,
             and
             Pack'd
             some
             days
             after
             they
             are
             taken
             ;
             These
             we
             call
             Shoar-made-Herrings
             ,
             and
             we
             know
             very
             well
             ,
             that
             one
             Barrel
             of
             the
             other
             for
             Goodness
             ,
             is
             worth
             one
             Hundred
             of
             these
             ;
             and
             that
             they
             will
             never
             take
             their
             Pickle
             kindly
             ,
             unless
             their
             
             Throats
             be
             Cut
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             they
             are
             Caught
             ;
             so
             that
             it
             is
             a
             great
             Error
             to
             take
             a
             Shoar-made-Herring
             ,
             for
             a
             Tryal
             of
             Skill
             in
             curing
             ;
             But
             for
             those
             that
             are
             made
             at
             Sea
             ,
             they
             are
             made
             as
             Good
             ,
             and
             as
             much
             in
             Esteem
             abroad
             as
             any
             of
             the
             Hollanders
             Herrings
             ,
             and
             they
             have
             been
             frequently
             Sold
             in
             the
             
             East-Country
             for
             four
             pounds
             a
             Barrel
             ;
             and
             I
             could
             wish
             we
             were
             no
             more
             to
             blame
             ,
             for
             not
             taking
             them
             than
             curing
             them
             ;
             But
             admit
             we
             did
             not
             know
             how
             to
             Cure
             them
             ;
             I
             hope
             't
             is
             not
             impossible
             for
             the
             English
             to
             learn.
             
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             the
             other
             Notion
             is
             ,
             That
             the
             Hollanders
             will
             beat
             us
             off
             of
             our
             Trade
             ;
             this
             is
             as
             Erroneous
             as
             the
             rest
             ,
             and
             of
             no
             force
             at
             all
             against
             the
             Fishery
             ,
             or
             it
             is
             much
             more
             Force
             against
             the
             Merchant
             ,
             and
             the
             Newcastle
             Trade
             ;
             for
             this
             lies
             under
             our
             Noses
             ,
             and
             more
             in
             our
             conveniency
             than
             any
             Body
             's
             else
             .
          
           
           
             And
             to
             Neglect
             our
             Fishing
             upon
             this
             Consideration
             ,
             is
             to
             Quit
             all
             Navigation
             ,
             and
             leave
             our selves
             to
             the
             Mercy
             of
             the
             Hollanders
             ,
             or
             to
             be
             made
             a
             Prey
             to
             any
             that
             will
             attack
             us
             .
          
           
             And
             then
             to
             fear
             we
             shall
             want
             Vent
             ,
             is
             to
             imagine
             that
             the
             People
             will
             leave
             off
             Eating
             ,
             and
             a
             Great
             part
             of
             the
             Tradeing
             World
             is
             yet
             unserv'd
             with
             Fish
             ,
             and
             it
             never
             could
             be
             made
             appear
             that
             our
             Herrings
             lay
             upon
             our
             Hands
             for
             want
             of
             a
             Market
             .
          
           
             And
             since
             all
             these
             Objections
             are
             sufficiently
             answer'd
             ,
             there
             is
             nothing
             wanting
             ,
             but
             assuming
             our
             Antient
             Right
             ,
             and
             taking
             Possession
             of
             the
             Fishery
             .
          
           
             And
             notwithstanding
             it
             is
             so
             apparently
             made
             appear
             ,
             that
             this
             
               National
               Fishery
            
             will
             redound
             so
             much
             to
             the
             Glory
             of
             the
             King
             ,
             Honour
             of
             our
             Senatours
             Assembled
             in
             Parliament
             ,
             and
             Welfare
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             in
             General
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             We
             will
             suppose
             for
             Argument
             sake
             't
             is
             all
             but
             Wast-Paper
             .
          
           
             But
             here
             is
             the
             Question
             to
             be
             put
             to
             the
             King
             and
             Kingdom
             in
             General
             ,
             if
             the
             growing
             Greatness
             of
             the
             French
             and
             Hollanders
             ,
             has
             so
             much
             Increased
             within
             this
             thirty
             or
             forty
             years
             last
             past
             ,
             and
             still
             continue
             in
             the
             increasing
             of
             Sea-faring
             Men
             ,
             Mariners
             ,
             and
             their
             Naval
             Force
             ;
             what
             will
             become
             of
             England
             in
             Ten
             or
             twenty
             years
             ;
             when
             in
             all
             probability
             ,
             they
             may
             be
             so
             Potent
             (
             unless
             a
             speedy
             Check
             is
             put
             to
             their
             Carrier
             )
             that
             we
             shall
             not
             be
             able
             to
             oppose
             them
             ?
          
           
             And
             't
             is
             an
             Universal
             Maxim
             ,
             that
             the
             Forces
             of
             Potentates
             at
             Sea
             :
             
               Sont
               des
               Marques
               de
               Grandeur
               d'Estat
               ,
            
             saith
             a
             French
             Author
             ;
             Whosoever
             Commands
             the
             Sea
             ,
             Commands
             the
             Trade
             of
             the
             World
             :
             He
             that
             Commands
             the
             Trade
             ,
             Commands
             the
             Wealth
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             and
             consequently
             the
             World
             it self
             .
          
           
           
             Again
             ;
             as
             he
             that
             is
             Master
             of
             a
             Field
             ,
             is
             said
             to
             be
             Master
             of
             every
             Town
             ,
             when
             it
             shall
             please
             him
             ;
             so
             he
             that
             is
             Master
             of
             the
             Sea
             ,
             may
             in
             some
             sort
             ,
             be
             said
             ,
             to
             be
             Master
             of
             every
             Countrey
             ,
             at
             least
             of
             such
             as
             are
             bordering
             on
             the
             Sea
             ;
             For
             he
             is
             ▪
             at
             liberty
             to
             begin
             ,
             and
             end
             War
             where
             ,
             when
             ,
             and
             upon
             what
             Terms
             he
             pleaseth
             ,
             and
             extend
             his
             Conquests
             even
             to
             the
             Antipodes
             .
          
           
             And
             England
             being
             encompassed
             with
             the
             Sea
             ,
             as
             aforesaid
             ,
             and
             abounding
             in
             Commodious
             and
             Excellent
             Havens
             Bayes
             and
             Ports
             ,
             it
             excels
             for
             Safety
             and
             Security
             (
             which
             is
             no
             small
             Praise
             )
             all
             the
             Neighbouring
             Countries
             in
             Europe
             ,
             if
             not
             all
             in
             the
             World
             ,
             and
             needs
             not
             fear
             any
             Neighbouring
             Nation
             ,
             but
             only
             that
             which
             grows
             Potent
             in
             Shipping
             ;
             for
             they
             onely
             can
             deprive
             us
             of
             our
             Main
             Security
             ;
             And
             if
             an
             Island
             can
             make
             us
             as
             the
             Continent
             .
          
           
           
             And
             if
             this
             Nation
             is
             once
             over
             power'd
             at
             Sea
             ,
             we
             must
             expect
             to
             be
             the
             most
             miserable
             People
             in
             the
             Vniverse
             ,
             having
             for
             so
             many
             Generations
             last
             past
             ,
             Lorded
             it
             over
             the
             whole
             World
             by
             Sea
             ;
             that
             the
             very
             Name
             of
             the
             English
             struck
             a
             Terror
             into
             all
             those
             that
             durst
             oppose
             them
             .
          
           
             When
             William
             the
             First
             ,
             subdued
             the
             Realm
             ,
             Conquerour
             of
             England
             that
             was
             an
             easy
             Fall
             ;
             it
             proving
             only
             prejudicial
             to
             some
             particular
             Families
             ;
             And
             he
             Residing
             in
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             took
             all
             the
             care
             imaginable
             to
             preserve
             this
             Nation
             ,
             as
             already
             has
             been
             said
             ,
             by
             his
             Planting
             of
             a
             New-Forrest
             with
             Oaks
             ,
             to
             his
             perpetual
             Glory
             .
          
           
             But
             if
             once
             the
             Naval
             Power
             of
             England
             be
             overcome
             by
             the
             French
             or
             Hollanders
             ;
             (
             According
             to
             all
             Human
             Probability
             )
             it
             must
             prove
             a
             Fatal
             overthrow
             ,
             so
             far
             as
             they
             can
             reach
             with
             Fire
             and
             Sword
             ,
             being
             Spurr'd
             on
             by
             Ambition
             ,
             and
             Avarice
             ,
             Revenge
             
             and
             Interest
             ;
             and
             then
             we
             should
             find
             the
             English
             saying
             to
             be
             too
             True
             ;
             That
             the
             French
             and
             Hollanders
             are
             like
             Fire
             and
             Water
             ;
             Good
             Servants
             but
             bad
             Masters
             .
          
           
             And
             it
             is
             most
             certain
             ,
             that
             there
             is
             no
             other
             way
             to
             Maintain
             the
             Glory
             and
             Grandeur
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             but
             by
             Raising
             a
             National-Fishery
             ;
             which
             rightly
             understood
             ,
             is
             the
             
               Primum
               Mobile
            
             of
             the
             Nation
             ;
             't
             is
             the
             only
             Palladium
             of
             this
             Realm
             ,
             without
             which
             ,
             't
             is
             impossible
             to
             preserve
             ,
             or
             revive
             the
             former
             Glory
             of
             our
             Ancestors
             ,
             and
             Secure
             the
             Sovereignty
             of
             the
             British
             Seas
             ,
             and
             enrich
             the
             Kingdom
             by
             Navigation
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           SOVEREIGNTY
           OF
           THE
           British-Seas
           ,
           ASSERTED
           .
        
         
           ENgland
           hath
           claimed
           a
           Prerogative
           of
           the
           British
           Seas
           time
           out
           of
           Mind
           ;
           and
           amongst
           our
           former
           and
           Ancient
           Kings
           ,
           King
           Edgar
           was
           very
           Potent
           ,
           
           who
           possessing
           an
           Absolute
           Dominion
           of
           the
           Seas
           ,
           Sailed
           Round
           about
           it
           every
           Year
           ,
           and
           secured
           it
           with
           a
           constant
           Guard
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           Recorded
           ;
           and
           what
           Dominion
           King
           Edgar
           had
           ,
           as
           absolute
           Lord
           of
           the
           Sea
           ,
           appears
           in
           these
           Words
           ;
           
           I
           Edgar
           King
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           of
           all
           the
           Islands
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Ocean
           lying
           round
           about
           Britain
           ,
           and
           of
           all
           the
           Nations
           that
           are
           included
           within
           the
           Circuit
           thereof
           ,
           Supream
           Lord
           and
           Governour
           ;
           do
           render
           Thanks
           to
           Almighty
           God
           my
           King
           ,
           who
           hath
           enlarged
           my
           Empire
           ,
           and
           Exalted
           it
           above
           the
           Royal
           Estate
           of
           my
           Progenitors
           ,
           who
           altho
           they
           arrived
           to
           the
           Monarchy
           of
           all
           England
           ;
           ever
           since
           Athelstan
           ,
           yet
           the
           Divine
           Goodness
           hath
           favoured
           me
           to
           subdue
           all
           the
           Kings
           of
           the
           Islands
           ,
           in
           the
           Ocean
           ,
           with
           their
           most
           Stout
           and
           Mighty
           Kings
           ,
           even
           as
           far
           as
           Norway
           ,
           and
           the
           Greatest
           Part
           of
           Ireland
           ;
           together
           with
           their
           most
           Famous
           City
           of
           Dublin
           .
           So
           far
           Edgar
           .
        
         
           And
           after
           him
           ,
           King
           Conutus
           left
           a
           Testimony
           of
           his
           Sovereignty
           over
           the
           Sea
           ;
           In
           this
           Expression
           ;
           
             Thou
             O
             Sea
             art
             mine
          
           ,
           &c.
           
           And
           from
           the
           Testimony
           of
           the
           
           Saxons
           ,
           and
           the
           Danes
           ,
           we
           shall
           descend
           to
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Normans
           ,
           whereby
           many
           Notable
           and
           Clear
           Proofs
           we
           shall
           find
           ,
           as
           may
           be
           gathered
           out
           of
           that
           Breviary
           of
           England
           ,
           called
           
             Dooms-Day
             :
             Rot.
             Par.
             48
             Hen.
             3.
             22.
             
             Edw.
             1.
             2.
             
             Rich.
             2.
             
          
           The
           Tribute
           called
           Danegelt
           ,
           was
           paid
           in
           the
           time
           of
           the
           
             English
             Saxons
          
           ,
           which
           amounted
           to
           four
           Shillings
           upon
           every
           Hide
           of
           Land
           ,
           
           for
           the
           Defending
           the
           Dominion
           by
           Sea.
           
             Roger
             Hoverden
          
           asserteth
           it
           was
           paid
           until
           the
           Reign
           of
           King
           Stephen
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           Parliament
           Records
           of
           King
           Richard
           the
           Second
           ,
           it
           is
           Observable
           that
           a
           Custom
           was
           Imposed
           upon
           every
           thing
           that
           passed
           thro'
           the
           Northern
           Admiralty
           ;
           that
           is
           ,
           from
           the
           ,
           Thames
           along
           the
           
           Eastern-Shoar
           of
           England
           ,
           towards
           the
           North-East
           ,
           for
           the
           Maintaining
           a
           Guard
           for
           the
           Seas
           .
        
         
         
           And
           this
           was
           not
           imposed
           only
           upon
           the
           English
           ,
           but
           also
           upon
           all
           the
           Ships
           of
           Foreigners
           ,
           paying
           at
           the
           Rate
           of
           Six
           pence
           a
           Tun
           that
           passed
           by
           ;
           such
           Ships
           only
           excepted
           that
           brought
           Merchandize
           out
           of
           Flanders
           to
           
             London
             .
             Rot.
             Par.
             2
             Rich.
             2.
             part
             2.
             
             Act
             38.
             
             Seld.
             Mare
             Clausum
             ,
             page
             334.
             
             Rot.
             Fran.
             5.
             
             Hen.
             4.
             
             Rot.
             Fran.
             38.
             
             Hen.
             6.
             
             Rot.
             Par.
             23
             Edw.
          
           And
           it
           appeareth
           by
           Publick
           Records
           ,
           containing
           divers
           main
           points
           ,
           touching
           which
           ,
           the
           Judges
           of
           the
           Land
           were
           to
           be
           consulted
           for
           the
           Good
           of
           the
           Common
           Wealth
           ;
           That
           the
           Kings
           Sea
           Dominion
           ▪
           which
           they
           called
           ,
           the
           Antient
           Superiority
           of
           the
           Sea
           ,
           
           was
           a
           Matter
           beyond
           all
           Contradiction
           amongst
           all
           Lawyers
           of
           that
           Age
           ,
           and
           asserted
           by
           the
           Determinations
           and
           Customs
           of
           the
           Law
           of
           the
           Land
           ;
           and
           by
           Express
           Words
           of
           the
           Writs
           and
           Forms
           of
           the
           Actions
           themselves
           .
        
         
         
           And
           this
           Truth
           was
           not
           only
           comfirmed
           by
           the
           Laws
           ,
           but
           by
           our
           Medals
           :
           There
           hath
           been
           a
           Piece
           of
           Gold
           very
           often
           Coyned
           by
           our
           Kings
           ,
           called
           a
           Rose
           Noble
           ,
           which
           was
           Stamped
           on
           the
           one
           Side
           of
           it
           ,
           a
           Ship
           Floating
           in
           the
           Sea
           ,
           and
           a
           King
           Armed
           with
           a
           Sword
           and
           a
           Shield
           ,
           Sitting
           in
           the
           Ship
           it self
           ,
           as
           in
           a
           Throne
           ;
           to
           set
           forth
           the
           Representation
           of
           the
           English
           King
           by
           Sea.
           
        
         
           The
           first
           Author
           hereof
           ,
           was
           Edward
           the
           Third
           ;
           when
           he
           Guarded
           his
           own
           Seas
           with
           a
           Potent
           Navy
           ,
           consisting
           of
           Eleven
           Hundred
           Ships
           ,
           at
           which
           time
           as
           at
           others
           ,
           he
           Marched
           Victoriously
           thro'
           France
           .
           
        
         
           But
           of
           all
           that
           has
           been
           said
           ,
           there
           can
           hardly
           be
           alledged
           a
           more
           convincing
           Argument
           to
           prove
           the
           Truth
           of
           all
           that
           hitherto
           hath
           been
           spoken
           ,
           than
           the
           acknowledgment
           of
           the
           Sea
           Dominion
           of
           the
           Kings
           of
           England
           ;
           When
           the
           Agreement
           was
           made
           by
           Edward
           the
           first
           of
           England
           ,
           
           and
           Phillip
           the
           Fair
           of
           
             France
             ;
             Reyner
             Grimhald
          
           was
           then
           Admiral
           of
           the
           French
           Navy
           ,
           
           Intercepted
           and
           spoyled
           on
           the
           English
           Seas
           ,
           The
           Goods
           of
           many
           Merchants
           that
           were
           Sailing
           to
           Flanders
           ,
           as
           well
           English
           as
           others
           ,
           and
           was
           not
           contented
           with
           the
           depredation
           of
           their
           Goods
           ,
           but
           he
           Imprisoned
           their
           Persons
           ,
           and
           delivered
           them
           up
           to
           the
           Officers
           of
           the
           King
           of
           France
           .
        
         
           And
           in
           a
           very
           Insolent
           manner
           ,
           Justified
           his
           Actions
           in
           Writing
           ,
           as
           done
           by
           Authority
           of
           the
           King
           his
           Master's
           Commission
           .
        
         
           This
           being
           alledged
           to
           be
           done
           to
           the
           great
           Damage
           and
           prejudice
           of
           the
           King
           of
           England
           ;
           the
           Prelates
           ,
           Peers
           ,
           and
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Nation
           ,
           Exhibited
           a
           Bill
           against
           
             Reyner
             Grimbald
          
           ,
           and
           managed
           by
           the
           Procurators
           on
           the
           behalf
           of
           the
           Prelates
           ,
           Peers
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Cities
           and
           Towns
           through
           out
           England
           ;
           and
           also
           of
           the
           whole
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           in
           
           General
           ;
           and
           by
           and
           with
           the
           Authority
           ,
           as
           is
           supposed
           ,
           of
           the
           Estates
           assembled
           in
           Parliament
           ;
           with
           those
           were
           joyned
           Procurators
           of
           most
           Nations
           Bordering
           upon
           the
           Sea
           ,
           throughout
           Europe
           ,
           viz.
           
        
         
           
             The
             Genoeses
             .
          
           
             The
             Catalonians
             .
          
           
             The
             Spainards
             .
          
           
             The
             Almayns
             .
          
           
             The
             Zealanders
             .
          
           
             The
             Hollanders
             .
          
           
             The
             Freezlanders
             .
          
           
             The
             Danes
             .
          
           
             The
             Norwegians
             .
          
           
             The
             Hamburghers
          
        
         
           And
           all
           these
           instituted
           a
           complaint
           against
           
             Reyner
             Grimbald
          
           ,
           who
           was
           Admiral
           of
           the
           French
           Navy
           ,
           in
           the
           time
           of
           the
           War
           ,
           between
           Philip
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           and
           Guy
           Earl
           of
           Flanders
           ;
           And
           all
           these
           Complainants
           in
           their
           Bill
           ,
           do
           joyntly
           affirm
           ,
           That
           the
           King
           of
           England
           and
           his
           Predecessors
           ,
           have
           time
           out
           of
           mind
           ,
           and
           without
           controversie
           ,
           enjoyed
           the
           Sovereignty
           and
           Dominion
           of
           the
           English
           Seas
           ,
           and
           the
           Isles
           belonging
           to
           the
           
           same
           ,
           by
           Right
           of
           the
           Realm
           of
           England
           ;
           that
           is
           to
           say
           ,
           by
           prescribing
           Laws
           ,
           Statutes
           ,
           and
           Prohibition
           of
           Arms
           and
           of
           Ships
           ,
           otherwise
           Furnished
           ,
           than
           with
           such
           Necessaries
           and
           Commodities
           as
           belong
           to
           Merchants
           ,
           &c.
           
           Also
           ,
           That
           they
           have
           had
           ,
           and
           have
           the
           Sovereign
           Guard
           hereof
           ,
           with
           all
           manner
           of
           Cognizance
           and
           Jurisdiction
           ,
           doing
           right
           and
           Justice
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           said
           Laws
           ,
           Ordinances
           ,
           and
           Prohibitions
           ;
           and
           in
           all
           other
           Matters
           which
           may
           concern
           the
           Exercise
           of
           Sovereign
           Dominion
           in
           the
           said
           Places
           .
        
         
           This
           is
           the
           Declarations
           of
           the
           Nations
           aforemention'd
           ,
           and
           they
           did
           declare
           he
           was
           Lord
           of
           the
           Sea
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           This
           is
           Cited
           out
           of
           the
           Parliament
           Records
           ;
           and
           they
           did
           declare
           an
           Acknowledgment
           of
           the
           Sea
           Dominion
           of
           our
           Kings
           ,
           made
           by
           those
           Foreign
           and
           Neighbour
           Nations
           ,
           who
           were
           
           most
           concern'd
           in
           the
           Business
           ,
           to
           the
           Glory
           of
           our
           Kings
           of
           England
           .
        
         
           Mr.
           Hitchcock
           ,
           
           in
           the
           Reign
           of
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ,
           presented
           a
           Book
           to
           the
           Parliament
           ,
           concerning
           the
           Commodity
           of
           Fishing
           ;
           That
           the
           Hollanders
           ,
           and
           Zealanders
           ,
           every
           year
           towards
           the
           latter
           end
           of
           Summer
           ,
           do
           send
           out
           four
           or
           five
           Hundred
           Vessels
           ,
           called
           Busses
           ,
           to
           Fish
           for
           Herrings
           in
           our
           Eastern
           Seas
           ;
           but
           before
           they
           Fish
           ,
           they
           ask
           leave
           of
           Starbourough
           ;
           these
           were
           the
           Words
           :
           Care
           was
           also
           taken
           in
           King
           James
           the
           first
           of
           Englands
           Reign
           ;
           That
           no
           Foreigner
           should
           Fish
           on
           the
           English
           or
           Irish
           Seas
           ,
           without
           leave
           first
           obtained
           ;
           and
           every
           year
           at
           the
           least
           ,
           this
           leave
           was
           renewed
           from
           Commissioners
           ,
           for
           that
           purpose
           ,
           appointed
           at
           London
           .
        
         
           And
           the
           Kings
           of
           France
           have
           desired
           leave
           of
           the
           Kings
           of
           England
           ,
           for
           a
           certain
           time
           to
           Fish
           
           on
           our
           Seas
           ,
           only
           for
           Fish
           for
           his
           Houshould
           ,
           and
           obliged
           themselves
           in
           Articles
           ,
           That
           none
           of
           the
           Fish
           ,
           that
           was
           taken
           in
           the
           British
           Seas
           should
           be
           exposed
           to
           sale
           in
           any
           Market
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           Seventh
           year
           of
           the
           Reign
           of
           King
           James
           the
           first
           ,
           the
           Sovereignty
           of
           the
           British
           Seas
           was
           Strenuously
           asserted
           by
           Proclamation
           ;
           and
           all
           Persons
           excluded
           from
           the
           use
           of
           the
           Seas
           upon
           our
           Coasts
           ,
           without
           particular
           Licence
           ;
           the
           Grounds
           whereof
           ,
           you
           have
           here
           set
           down
           in
           the
           Proclamation
           it self
           .
        
         
           
             
               
                 
                   A
                   PROCLAMATION
                   .
                   Touching
                   Fishing
                   .
                
                 
                   JAMES
                   by
                   the
                   Grace
                   of
                   God
                   ,
                   King
                   of
                   
                     Great-Britain
                     ,
                     France
                  
                   and
                   Ireland
                   ,
                   Defender
                   of
                   the
                   Faith
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   To
                   all
                   and
                   Singular
                   Persons
                   to
                   whom
                   it
                   may
                   appertain
                   ,
                   Greeting
                   .
                   Although
                   we
                   do
                   sufficiently
                   know
                   by
                   our
                   Experience
                   ,
                   
                   in
                   the
                   Office
                   of
                   Regal
                   Dignity
                   (
                   in
                   which
                   by
                   the
                   Favour
                   of
                   Almighty
                   God
                   we
                   have
                   been
                   Placed
                   and
                   Exercised
                   these
                   many
                   years
                   )
                   as
                   also
                   by
                   the
                   Observation
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   made
                   of
                   other
                   Christian
                   Princes
                   exemplary
                   Actions
                   how
                   far
                   the
                   Absoluteness
                   of
                   Sovereign
                   Power
                   extendeth
                   it self
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   in
                   Regard
                   thereof
                   ,
                   we
                   need
                   not
                   yield
                   Account
                   to
                   any
                   Person
                   (
                   under
                   God
                   ,
                   )
                   for
                   any
                   Action
                   of
                   ours
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   Lawfully
                   Grounded
                   upon
                   that
                   Just
                   Prerogative
                   ;
                   yet
                   such
                   hath
                   ever
                   been
                   and
                   shall
                   be
                   our
                   Care
                   and
                   Desire
                   ,
                   to
                   give
                   satisfaction
                   to
                   our
                   Neighbour
                   Princes
                   and
                   Freinds
                   in
                   any
                   Action
                   which
                   may
                   have
                   the
                   least
                   Relation
                   to
                   their
                   Subjects
                   and
                   Estates
                   ;
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   thought
                   Good
                   (
                   by
                   way
                   of
                   Premonition
                   )
                   to
                   declare
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   whomsoever
                   it
                   may
                   appertain
                   ,
                   as
                   followeth
                   .
                
                 
                   Whereas
                   we
                   have
                   been
                   contented
                   since
                   our
                   coming
                   to
                   the
                   
                   Crown
                   ,
                   to
                   tolerate
                   an
                   Indifferent
                   and
                   Promiscuous
                   kind
                   of
                   Liberty
                   to
                   all
                   our
                   Friends
                   whatsoever
                   ,
                   to
                   Fish
                   within
                   our
                   Streams
                   ,
                   and
                   upon
                   any
                   of
                   our
                   Coasts
                   of
                   
                     Great
                     Britain
                     ,
                     Ireland
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   adjacent
                   Islands
                   ,
                   so
                   far
                   forth
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Permission
                   or
                   use
                   thereof
                   might
                   not
                   redound
                   to
                   the
                   Impeachment
                   of
                   our
                   Prerogative
                   Royal
                   ,
                   nor
                   to
                   the
                   Hurt
                   and
                   Damage
                   of
                   our
                   loving
                   Subjects
                   ;
                   whose
                   Preservation
                   and
                   Flourishing
                   Estate
                   we
                   hold
                   our self
                   Principally
                   bound
                   to
                   Advance
                   before
                   all
                   worldly
                   Respects
                   :
                   so
                   finding
                   that
                   our
                   Continuance
                   therein
                   hath
                   not
                   only
                   given
                   occasion
                   of
                   over-great
                   Encroachments
                   upon
                   our
                   Regalities
                   ,
                   or
                   rather
                   questioning
                   our
                   Right
                   ;
                   but
                   hath
                   been
                   a
                   means
                   of
                   daily
                   wrongs
                   to
                   our
                   own
                   People
                   that
                   exercise
                   the
                   Trade
                   of
                   Fishing
                   ,
                   as
                   (
                   either
                   by
                   the
                   Multitude
                   of
                   Strangers
                   ,
                   which
                   do
                   pre-ocupy
                   those
                   Places
                   ,
                   or
                   by
                   the
                   Injuries
                   that
                   they
                   receive
                   
                   Commonly
                   at
                   their
                   Hands
                   .
                   )
                   Our
                   Subjects
                   are
                   constrain'd
                   to
                   abandon
                   their
                   Fishing
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   ,
                   are
                   become
                   so
                   discouraged
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   hold
                   it
                   better
                   for
                   them
                   to
                   betake
                   themselves
                   to
                   some
                   other
                   course
                   of
                   Living
                   ;
                   whereby
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   divers
                   of
                   our
                   Coast
                   Towns
                   are
                   much
                   decayed
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   Number
                   of
                   Mariners
                   daily
                   diminish
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   Matter
                   of
                   Great
                   consequence
                   to
                   our
                   Estates
                   ,
                   considering
                   how
                   much
                   the
                   Strength
                   thereof
                   consisteth
                   in
                   the
                   Power
                   of
                   Shipping
                   ,
                   and
                   use
                   of
                   Navigation
                   ;
                   We
                   have
                   thought
                   it
                   now
                   both
                   Just
                   and
                   Necessary
                   (
                   in
                   Respect
                   that
                   we
                   are
                   now
                   by
                   Gods
                   Favour
                   Linealy
                   and
                   Lawfully
                   Possess'd
                   as
                   well
                   of
                   the
                   Islands
                   of
                   
                     Great
                     Britain
                  
                   and
                   Ireland
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   Isles
                   adjacent
                   )
                   to
                   bethink
                   our selves
                   of
                   good
                   lawful
                   Means
                   to
                   prevent
                   those
                   Inconveniences
                   ,
                   and
                   many
                   others
                   depending
                   upon
                   the
                   same
                   .
                   In
                   consideration
                   whereof
                   ,
                   
                   as
                   we
                   are
                   desirous
                   that
                   the
                   World
                   may
                   take
                   notice
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   have
                   no
                   intention
                   to
                   deny
                   our
                   Neighbours
                   the
                   Allies
                   those
                   Fruits
                   and
                   Benefits
                   of
                   Peace
                   and
                   Friendship
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   justly
                   be
                   expected
                   at
                   our
                   hands
                   in
                   Honour
                   and
                   Reason
                   ,
                   or
                   are
                   afforded
                   by
                   other
                   Princes
                   in
                   the
                   point
                   of
                   Commerce
                   ,
                   and
                   Exchange
                   of
                   those
                   things
                   which
                   may
                   not
                   prove
                   prejudicial
                   to
                   them
                   :
                   So
                   ,
                   because
                   some
                   such
                   convenient
                   Order
                   may
                   be
                   taken
                   in
                   this
                   Matter
                   ,
                   as
                   may
                   sufficiently
                   provide
                   for
                   these
                   Important
                   Considerations
                   ,
                   which
                   do
                   depend
                   thereupon
                   ;
                   We
                   have
                   resolved
                   first
                   ,
                   to
                   give
                   Notice
                   to
                   all
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   that
                   our
                   Express
                   pleasure
                   is
                   ,
                   That
                   from
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   the
                   Month
                   of
                   August
                   next
                   coming
                   ,
                   no
                   Person
                   of
                   what
                   Nation
                   or
                   Quality
                   soever
                   ,
                   being
                   not
                   our
                   Natural
                   Born
                   Subjects
                   ▪
                   be
                   permitted
                   to
                   Fish
                   on
                   any
                   of
                   our
                   Coasts
                   and
                   Seas
                   ,
                   of
                   
                     Great
                     Britain
                     ,
                     Ireland
                     ▪
                  
                   and
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   Isles
                   adjacent
                   ,
                   
                   where
                   most
                   usually
                   heretofore
                   any
                   Fishing
                   hath
                   been
                   ,
                   until
                   they
                   have
                   orderly
                   demanded
                   and
                   obtained
                   Licenses
                   from
                   Us
                   ,
                   or
                   such
                   of
                   Our
                   Commissioners
                   as
                   We
                   have
                   Authorised
                   in
                   that
                   behalf
                   ,
                   viz.
                   At
                   London
                   ,
                   for
                   Our
                   Realms
                   of
                   England
                   and
                   Ireland
                   ;
                   and
                   at
                   
                     Edenburgh
                     ▪
                  
                   for
                   our
                   Realm
                   of
                   Scotland
                   ;
                   which
                   Licenses
                   Our
                   Intention
                   is
                   ,
                   shall
                   be
                   yearly
                   demanded
                   ,
                   for
                   so
                   many
                   Vessels
                   and
                   Ships
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Tunnage
                   thereof
                   ,
                   as
                   shall
                   intend
                   to
                   Fish
                   for
                   that
                   whole
                   Year
                   ,
                   or
                   any
                   part
                   thereof
                   ,
                   upon
                   any
                   of
                   our
                   Coasts
                   and
                   Seas
                   ,
                   as
                   aforesaid
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   pain
                   of
                   such
                   Chastisement
                   as
                   shall
                   be
                   fit
                   to
                   be
                   inflicted
                   on
                   such
                   Offenders
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Given
                     at
                     our
                     Palace
                     at
                     Westminster
                     ,
                     
                       the
                       6th
                       of
                       May
                       ,
                       in
                       the
                       7th
                       Year
                       of
                       Our
                       Reign
                       of
                       
                         Great
                         Britain
                         ,
                         Anno
                         Dom
                         '
                         1609.
                         
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
          
        
         
         
           Notwithstanding
           this
           Proclamation
           ,
           the
           Netherlanders
           still
           proceeded
           in
           the
           way
           of
           their
           Encroachment
           upon
           the
           Seas
           ,
           thro'
           the
           whole
           Reign
           of
           King
           James
           ,
           and
           were
           at
           length
           so
           bold
           as
           to
           contest
           with
           him
           ,
           and
           Quarrel
           His
           Majesty
           out
           of
           His
           Rights
           ,
           pretending
           (
           because
           of
           the
           long
           Connivance
           of
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           )
           that
           they
           had
           of
           their
           own
           a
           Right
           ,
           of
           Immemorial
           Possession
           .
        
         
           And
           in
           King
           Charles
           the
           I's
           Reign
           ,
           a
           Proclamation
           was
           published
           ,
           for
           Restraint
           of
           Fishing
           upon
           His
           Seas
           and
           Coasts
           ,
           without
           License
           ,
           dated
           the
           10th
           day
           of
           May
           ,
           in
           the
           12th
           Year
           of
           his
           Reign
           .
           This
           Proclamation
           being
           set
           forth
           in
           the
           Year
           1636
           ,
           serv'd
           to
           speak
           the
           Intent
           of
           those
           Naval
           Preparations
           ,
           made
           in
           the
           Year
           1635
           ;
           which
           were
           so
           numerous
           and
           well
           provided
           ,
           that
           our
           Netherland
           Neighbours
           ,
           were
           apprehensive
           of
           some
           Great
           Design
           in
           hand
           ,
           for
           the
           Interest
           of
           England
           by
           Sea.
           
        
         
         
           As
           I
           might
           shew
           at
           large
           (
           if
           it
           were
           requisite
           )
           by
           certain
           Papers
           of
           a
           publick
           Character
           yet
           in
           Being
           .
        
         
           But
           there
           is
           one
           which
           may
           serve
           instead
           of
           all
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           a
           very
           Ingenious
           Letter
           of
           Secretary
           Cokes
           ,
           that
           was
           written
           to
           Sir
           
             William
             Boswell
          
           ,
           the
           King
           's
           Resident
           ,
           then
           at
           the
           Hague
           ;
           the
           Original
           whereof
           is
           still
           reserved
           among
           the
           Publick
           Papers
           :
           In
           which
           Letter
           he
           sets
           forth
           ,
           the
           Grounds
           and
           Reason
           of
           Preparing
           that
           Royal
           and
           Gallant
           Navy
           ;
           with
           the
           King's
           Resolution
           to
           Maintain
           the
           Right
           derived
           from
           his
           Royal
           Progenitors
           ,
           in
           the
           Dominion
           of
           the
           British
           Seas
           ;
           and
           therefore
           I
           here
           render
           a
           True
           Copy
           of
           it
           ,
           so
           far
           as
           concerns
           this
           Business
           ,
           as
           most
           pertinent
           to
           our
           Purpose
           .
        
         
           
             
               
                 SIR
                 ,
              
            
             
               
                 BY
                 your
                 Letters
                 ,
                 and
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 I
                 perceive
                 many
                 Jealousies
                 and
                 Discourses
                 are
                 raised
                 upon
                 the
                 
                 Preparations
                 of
                 His
                 Majesty's
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 now
                 in
                 such
                 forwardness
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 doubt
                 not
                 but
                 within
                 this
                 Month
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 appear
                 at
                 Sea.
                 It
                 is
                 therefore
                 expedient
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 your
                 Satisfaction
                 and
                 Direction
                 ,
                 to
                 inform
                 you
                 particularly
                 ,
                 what
                 was
                 the
                 Occasion
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 is
                 His
                 Majesty's
                 Intention
                 in
                 this
                 Affair
                 :
              
            
             
               
                 First
                 ,
                 
                 we
                 hold
                 it
                 a
                 Principle
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 denied
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 prov'd
                 from
                 undeniable
                 Record
                 )
                 That
                 the
                 King
                 of
              
               Great
               Britain
               ,
               
                 is
                 a
                 Monarch
                 at
                 Land
                 and
                 Sea
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 full
                 extent
                 of
                 His
                 Dominions
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 concerneth
                 Him
                 ,
                 as
                 much
                 to
                 maintain
                 His
                 Sovereignty
                 in
              
               theBritish
               
                 Seas
                 ,
                 as
                 within
                 His
                 Three
                 Kingdoms
                 ;
                 because
                 without
                 *
                 That
                 ,
                 these
                 cannot
                 be
                 kept
                 safe
                 ;
                 nor
                 He
                 preserve
                 His
                 Honour
                 and
                 due
                 Respect
                 with
                 other
                 Nations
                 .
                 But
                 Commanding
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 cause
                 his
                 Neighbours
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 Countries
                 ,
                 to
                 stand
                 upon
                 their
                 Guard
                 ,
                 whensoever
                 he
                 thinks
                 fit
                 .
              
            
             
             
               And
               this
               cannot
               be
               doubted
               ,
               
               that
               whosoever
               will
               encroach
               upon
               him
               by
               Sea
               ,
               will
               do
               it
               also
               by
               Land
               ,
               when
               they
               see
               their
               time
               .
               To
               such
               Presumption
               ,
               
                 Mare
                 Liberum
              
               ,
               gave
               the
               first
               Warning-piece
               ,
               which
               must
               be
               answer'd
               with
               a
               Defence
               of
               
                 Mare
                 Clausum
              
               ;
               not
               so
               much
               by
               Discourse
               ,
               as
               by
               the
               lowder
               Language
               of
               a
               Powerful
               Navy
               ;
               To
               be
               better
               understood
               ,
               when
               over-strain'd
               Patience
               seeth
               no
               hope
               of
               preserving
               her
               Right
               by
               other
               Means
               .
            
             
               The
               degrees
               by
               which
               His
               Majesty's
               Dominion
               at
               Sea
               ,
               hath
               of
               latter
               Years
               been
               impeached
               ,
               and
               then
               question'd
               ,
               are
               as
               Considerable
               as
               Notorious
               .
            
             
               First
               ,
               to
               cherish
               ,
               and
               as
               it
               were
               ,
               to
               nourish
               our
               unthankful
               Neighbours
               ,
               we
               gave
               them
               Leave
               to
               gather
               Wealth
               and
               Strength
               upon
               our
               Coasts
               ,
               in
               our
               Ports
               ,
               by
               our
               Trade
               ,
               and
               by
               our
               People
               :
               Then
               they
               were
               glad
               to
               invite
               our
               Merchants
               Residence
               ,
               with
               what
               priviledges
               
               they
               would
               desire
               .
               Then
               they
               offer'd
               us
               the
               Sovereignty
               of
               their
               Estates
               ;
               and
               then
               they
               su'd
               for
               License
               to
               Fish
               upon
               our
               Coasts
               ,
               and
               obtained
               it
               under
               the
               Great
               Seal
               of
               Scotland
               ,
               which
               now
               they
               suppress
               .
            
             
               And
               when
               thus
               by
               Leave
               ,
               or
               by
               Connivance
               ,
               they
               had
               possess'd
               themselves
               of
               our
               Fishings
               ,
               not
               only
               in
               Scotland
               ,
               but
               in
               Ireland
               and
               England
               ;
               and
               by
               our
               Staple
               ,
               had
               raised
               a
               great
               Stock
               of
               Trade
               ,
               by
               these
               Means
               they
               so
               increased
               their
               Shipping
               and
               Power
               at
               Sea
               ,
               that
               now
               they
               endure
               not
               to
               be
               kept
               at
               any
               distance
               :
               Nay
               ,
               they
               are
               grown
               to
               that
               Confidence
               ,
               to
               keep
               Guards
               upon
               our
               Seas
               ,
               and
               then
               project
               an
               Office
               and
               Company
               of
               Assurance
               ,
               for
               the
               Advancement
               of
               Trade
               ;
               and
               withal
               prohibit
               us
               free
               Commerce
               within
               our
               Seas
               ,
               and
               take
               our
               Ships
               and
               Goods
               ,
               if
               we
               conform
               not
               to
               their
               Placarts
               .
               What
               Insolences
               and
               Cruelties
               they
               have
               committed
               against
               
               us
               heretofore
               in
               Ireland
               ,
               in
               Greenland
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Indies
               ,
               is
               too
               well
               known
               to
               all
               the
               World.
               
            
             
               In
               all
               which
               ,
               tho'
               our
               Sufferings
               ,
               and
               their
               Wrongs
               ,
               may
               seem
               forgotten
               ;
               yet
               the
               great
               Interest
               of
               His
               Majesty's
               Honour
               ,
               is
               still
               the
               same
               ,
               and
               will
               refesh
               their
               Memories
               ,
               as
               there
               shall
               be
               Cause
               .
               For
               tho'
               Charity
               must
               remit
               wrongs
               done
               to
               private
               Men
               ;
               yet
               the
               Reflection
               upon
               the
               Publick
               may
               make
               it
               a
               greater
               Charity
               to
               do
               Justice
               on
               crying
               Crimes
               .
               All
               this
               notwithstanding
               ,
               you
               are
               to
               conceive
               ,
               that
               the
               Work
               of
               this
               Fleet
               ,
               is
               Revenge
               ,
               or
               Execution
               of
               Justice
               for
               these
               great
               Offences
               past
               ,
               but
               Chiefly
               for
               the
               future
               ,
               to
               stop
               the
               violent
               Current
               of
               that
               Presumption
               ,
               whereby
               the
               Men
               of
               War
               ,
               and
               Free-booters
               of
               all
               Nations
               (
               abusing
               the
               Favour
               of
               His
               Majesty's
               peaceable
               and
               most
               gracious
               Government
               )
               whereby
               he
               hath
               permitted
               all
               his
               Friends
               and
               Allies
               ,
               to
               make
               use
               of
               his
               Sea-ports
               ,
               
               at
               a
               reasonable
               and
               free
               Manner
               ,
               according
               to
               his
               Treaties
               )
               have
               taken
               upon
               them
               the
               Boldness
               ,
               not
               only
               to
               come
               confidently
               at
               all
               times
               into
               all
               his
               Ports
               and
               Rivers
               ,
               but
               to
               convey
               their
               Merchant
               Ships
               so
               high
               as
               his
               Chief
               City
               ,
               and
               then
               to
               cast
               Anchor
               close
               upon
               his
               Magazines
               ;
               and
               to
               contemn
               the
               Commands
               of
               his
               Officers
               ,
               when
               they
               have
               required
               a
               further
               distance
               .
            
             
               But
               which
               is
               more
               intolarable
               ,
               have
               assaulted
               and
               taken
               one
               another
               within
               His
               Majesties
               *
               Chamber
               ,
               and
               within
               his
               Rivers
               ;
               to
               the
               Scorn
               and
               Contempt
               of
               his
               Dominon
               and
               Power
               ;
               and
               this
               being
               of
               late
               years
               an
               Ordinary
               Practice
               ,
               which
               we
               have
               endeavoured
               in
               vain
               to
               Reform
               by
               the
               way
               of
               Justice
               and
               Treaties
               ,
               the
               World
               ,
               I
               think
               ,
               will
               be
               satisfied
               ,
               that
               we
               have
               Reason
               to
               look
               about
               us
               .
            
             
             
               And
               no
               Wise
               Man
               will
               doubt
               ,
               but
               it
               is
               high
               time
               to
               put
               our selves
               in
               this
               Equipage
               upon
               the
               Seas
               ;
               and
               not
               to
               suffer
               that
               Stage
               of
               Action
               to
               be
               taken
               from
               us
               ,
               for
               want
               of
               our
               Appearance
               .
            
             
               
                 So
                 you
                 see
                 the
                 General
                 Ground
                 upon
                 which
                 our
                 Counsel
                 Stands
                 ;
                 In
                 particular
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 take
                 Notice
                 ,
                 and
                 Publish
                 as
                 cause
                 requires
                 ;
                 That
                 His
                 Majesty
                 by
                 his
                 Fleet
                 intendeth
                 not
                 a
                 Rupture
                 with
                 any
                 Prince
                 or
                 State
                 ,
                 nor
                 to
                 Infringe
                 any
                 Point
                 of
                 his
                 Treaties
                 ,
                 but
                 resolveth
                 to
                 continue
                 ,
                 and
                 Maintain
                 that
                 Happy
                 Peace
                 wherewith
                 God
                 hath
                 Blessed
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 which
                 all
                 his
                 Actions
                 and
                 Negotiations
                 have
                 hitherto
                 tended
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 your
                 own
                 Instructions
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 finally
                 understand
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 But
                 withal
                 considering
                 ,
                 that
                 Peace
                 must
                 be
                 maintain'd
                 by
                 the
                 Arm
                 of
                 Power
                 ,
                 which
                 only
                 keeps
                 down
                 War
                 by
                 keeping
                 up
                 Dominion
                 ;
                 His
                 Majesty
                 thus
                 provoked
                 ,
                 finds
                 it
                 Necessary
                 for
                 his
                 own
                 Defence
                 and
                 
                 safety
                 ,
                 to
                 re-assume
                 and
                 keep
                 his
                 Antient
                 and
                 undoubted
                 Right
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Dominion
                 of
                 these
                 Seas
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 suffer
                 no
                 other
                 Prince
                 or
                 State
                 to
                 encroach
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 thereby
                 assuming
                 to
                 themselves
                 or
                 their
                 Admirals
                 any
                 Sovereign
                 Command
                 ;
                 but
                 to
                 force
                 them
                 to
                 perform
                 due
                 Homage
                 to
                 his
                 Admirals
                 and
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 pay
                 them
                 Acknowledgments
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 former
                 times
                 they
                 did
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 He
                 will
                 also
                 set
                 open
                 ▪
                 and
                 protect
                 the
                 free
                 Trade
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 Allies
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 them
                 such
                 safe
                 Conducts
                 and
                 Convoy
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 shall
                 reasonably
                 require
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 He
                 will
                 suffer
                 no
                 other
                 Fleets
                 ,
                 nor
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 to
                 keep
                 any
                 Guard
                 upon
                 these
                 Seas
                 ,
                 or
                 there
                 to
                 offer
                 Violence
                 ,
                 to
                 take
                 Prizes
                 ,
                 or
                 Booties
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 give
                 Interruption
                 to
                 any
                 Lawful
                 intercourse
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 In
                 a
                 Word
                 ;
                 His
                 Majesty
                 is
                 resolved
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 do
                 no
                 Wrong
                 ,
                 so
                 to
                 do
                 Justice
                 both
                 to
                 his
                 Subjects
                 and
                 Friends
                 ,
                 within
                 the
                 Limits
                 of
                 his
                 Seas
                 .
              
            
             
             
               
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 Real
                 and
                 Royal
                 design
                 of
                 his
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 whereof
                 you
                 may
                 give
                 Notice
                 ,
                 as
                 you
                 find
                 Occasion
                 ,
                 to
                 our
                 good
                 Neighbours
                 in
                 those
                 parts
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 Vmbrage
                 may
                 be
                 taken
                 of
                 any
                 Hostile
                 Act
                 ,
                 or
                 purpose
                 to
                 their
                 Prejudice
                 in
                 any
                 Kind
                 ;
                 So
                 wishing
                 you
                 all
                 Health
                 and
                 Happiness
                 ,
                 I
                 Rest
              
            
             
               
                 Your
                 assured
                 Friend
                 and
                 Servant
                 .
                 
                 JOHN
                 COKE
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           So
           what
           has
           been
           said
           is
           sufficient
           to
           prove
           the
           undisputable
           Titles
           of
           the
           Kings
           of
           
           England's
           Sovereignty
           over
           the
           British
           Seas
           ;
           and
           the
           Necessity
           of
           Maintaining
           and
           Defending
           it
           :
        
         
           
           
             The
             CONCLVSION
             .
          
           
             TO
             Conclude
             ,
             that
             by
             which
             hath
             been
             undeniably
             Asserted
             ,
             it
             doth
             evidently
             appear
             ,
             That
             the
             Kings
             of
             England
             (
             by
             Immemorable
             Prescription
             ,
             continual
             Usage
             and
             Possession
             ;
             and
             also
             by
             the
             Acknowledgment
             of
             all
             the
             Kings
             ,
             Princes
             ,
             and
             States
             of
             Christendom
             ,
             and
             the
             Laws
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             )
             have
             always
             held
             the
             Sovereign
             Propriety
             of
             the
             British
             Seas
             .
             —
             And
             His
             Majesty
             by
             Right
             of
             his
             Sovereignty
             hath
             Supream
             Commands
             ,
             and
             Iurisdiction
             over
             the
             Passage
             of
             his
             Seas
             ,
             and
             Fishing
             therein
             beyond
             all
             Contradiction
             .
          
           
             *
             And
             considering
             the
             Nutural
             Sight
             of
             these
             our
             Seas
             ,
             that
             interpose
             themselves
             between
             the
             Great
             Northern
             Commerce
             ,
             and
             that
             of
             the
             whole
             World
             ;
             And
             also
             ,
             that
             of
             the
             
               East
               ,
               West
            
             and
             Southern
             Climates
             ;
             and
             with
             all
             ,
             
             the
             vast
             Treasure
             that
             is
             got
             by
             Fishing
             in
             them
             daily
             .
          
           
             It
             cannot
             therefore
             be
             doubted
             but
             His
             Majesty
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             his
             Great
             Wisdom
             and
             Virtue
             ,
             and
             his
             Admirable
             Valour
             ;
             And
             the
             Diligent
             Care
             of
             his
             Faithful
             and
             Loyal
             Subjects
             ,
             may
             without
             injustice
             to
             any
             Prince
             or
             State
             ,
             be
             made
             the
             Greatest
             Monarch
             for
             Wealth
             and
             Command
             in
             the
             World
             ;
             and
             his
             People
             the
             most
             Opulent
             Flourishing
             of
             any
             in
             the
             Universe
             .
          
           
             And
             the
             Sovereignty
             of
             the
             Seas
             being
             the
             most
             Precious
             Jewel
             of
             his
             Imperial
             Crown
             ;
             (
             and
             next
             under
             God
             )
             the
             Principal
             Means
             of
             our
             Wealth
             ,
             and
             Safety
             ;
             all
             true
             English
             Men
             ,
             are
             bound
             by
             all
             Possible
             Means
             of
             Honour
             and
             Industry
             ,
             to
             preserve
             it
             with
             the
             utmost
             Hazard
             of
             their
             Lives
             and
             Fortunes
             .
          
           
             Thus
             you
             see
             ,
             what
             Wonderful
             Advantages
             may
             redound
             to
             the
             Felicity
             and
             Glory
             of
             this
             
             Nation
             ,
             if
             God
             gives
             us
             Hearts
             and
             Resolutions
             to
             Vindicate
             those
             Rights
             which
             are
             most
             Impiously
             and
             Injuriously
             Invaded
             by
             our
             Neighbours
             .
          
           
             FINIS
             .
          
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A42117-e620
           
             Vid
             ▪
             Seld.
             Mare
             Clausum
             .
             138.
             
          
           
             *
             And
             many
             dies
             .
          
           
             ‡
             Rich.
             2.
             
             Fitz
             Herbert
             .
             
               Tit.
               Protection
               .
               46.
            
             
          
           
             *
             
               Rob.
               Belknap
            
             ,
             An
             Eminent
             Judg
             in
             his
             tim
             .
             affirmed
             ,
             ●
             That
             the
             Sea
             is
             subject
             to
             the
             King
             ,
             as
             a
             part
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             or
             of
             the
             Patrimony
             of
             the
             Crown
             .
          
           
             ☞
             
          
           
             Object
             .
          
           
             ☞
             
          
           
             ☞
             
          
           
             *
             The
             King
             
          
           
             b
             The
             Kingdom
             would
             promote
             Trade
             
          
           
             ☜
             
          
           
             c
             All
             intended
             for
             Building
             Men
             of
             War
             ,
             as
             a
             Guard
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             .
          
           
             And
             if
             we
             had
             the
             Mines
             of
             Mexico
             and
             Peru
             ,
             in
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             unless
             they
             were
             secured
             by
             Force
             of
             Arms
             ,
             they
             would
             undoubtedly
             lie
             open
             to
             any
             that
             would
             invade
             us
             .
          
           
             ☞
             
          
           
             ☜
             
          
           
             ☞
             
          
           
             ☞
             
          
           
             ☞
             
          
           
             Observ
             .
          
           
             Note
             ,
             That
             we
             might
             make
             the
             same
             advantages
             of
             our
             Fish
             abroad
             ,
             did
             we
             encourage
             this
             National-Fishery
             .
          
           
             ☞
             
          
           
             Note
             ,
             if
             this
             
               National
               Fishery
            
             were
             encouraged
             ,
             there
             would
             undoubtedly
             acrue
             to
             the
             Crown
             ,
             above
             400000l
             ▪
             
               per
               Annum
            
             .
          
           
             ☞
             
          
           
             Observ
             .
          
           
             ☞
             
          
           
             Hugo
             Grotius
             Lib.
             1.
             
             Lib.
             2.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A42117-e6510
           
             Guil.
             Malmesb
             .
             lib.
             2.
             
             Cap.
             8.
             
          
           
             Am.
             26
             part
             .
             page
             276.
             
          
           
             Vide
             Edw.
             Coke
             ,
             part
             5.
             fol.
             108.
             and
             in
             Con
             ▪
             
               Littleton
               ▪
            
             Sect.
             439.
             fol.
             260.
             
          
           
             Note
             ,
             p.
             38.
             
             Remark
             .
          
           
             Rot.
             Par.
             31.
             
             Edw.
             1.
             
             Membran
             .
             16.
             
          
           
             ☞
             
          
           
             ☞
             
          
           
             *
             *
          
           
             ☞
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Downs
             .
          
           
             White-Hall
             ,
             16
             April
             .
             1635.
             
               our
               Style
            
             .
          
           
             *
             And
             for
             these
             Reasons
             ,
             stand
             the
             fairest
             of
             any
             People
             in
             the
             World
             ,
             to
             be
             Lords
             of
             the
             Seas
             ,
             and
             give
             :
             Laws
             to
             the
             whole
             World
             by
             our
             Naval-Force
             ▪