subject-mammals-gutenberg

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-06-06 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader gutenberg process, and the input was the result of a query applied to a local mirror of Project Gutenberg -- facet_subject:"Mammals". Then, for future reference, the results were saved to a Zip file complete with rudimentary bibliographics. The name of the file is input-file.zip. The Zip file was then unpacked and the contents saved to a cache as well as a directory of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 43 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 1,290,431 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 30,724 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 74. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

one, length, species, two, specimens, tail, county, feet, may, long, white, skull, mi, washington, found, mustela, large, upper, size, small, also, animal, black, head, type, genus, less, color, three, north, teeth, body, brown, animals, like, parts, range, known, near, ft, much, inches, south, mus, hind, female, young, specimen, subspecies, many

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are American Weasels, Natural History of the Mammalia of India and Ceylon, and Mammalia.

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

mustela frenata, hind foot, per cent, upper parts, total length, specimens examined, basilar length, mustela erminea, tympanic bulla, united states, natural history, dorsal fin, lower jaw, british columbia, illustration fig, north america, type locality, anterior margin, national museum, zygomatic breadth, two species, upper jaw, tympanic bullae, states national, one species, western washington, see measurements, adult males, least width, adult male, northeastern washington, tailed weasel, racial characters, mesa verde, ground squirrel, type specimen, two specimens, black tip, thomomys talpoides, dark brown, interorbital breadth, external measurements, cascade mountains, sierra de, one specimen, de tamaulipas, south america, san antonio, upper incisors, adult female

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are American Weasels Mammals of Washington, Volume 2 University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History, and Mammals Collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott on the Natuna Islands Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, Vol. III, pp. 111-138.

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

county, lake, proc, north, mountains, illustration, august, thomas, sir, san, river, museum, mesa, kansas, june, amer, alaska, zoological, whale, washington, verde, united, states, south, professor, peromyscus, park, pacific, new, myotis, mr., microtus, mexico, merriam, man, large, july, island, india, gardens, figure, fig, europe, dr., creek, colorado, cat, canyon, california, british

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be length, and Natural History of the Mammalia of India and Ceylon is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

1. species - Natural History of the Mammalia of India and Ceylon
2. washington - Mammals of Washington, Volume 2 University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History
3. length - American Weasels

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

1. species, tail, animal - Natural History of the Mammalia of India and Ceylon
2. length, _mustela, _m - American Weasels
3. mi, specimens, ft - The Recent Mammals of Tamaulipas, México
4. washington, county, length - Mammals of Washington, Volume 2 University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History
5. _p, dog, truei_ - Heads and Tales : or, Anecdotes and Stories of Quadrupeds and Other Beasts, Chiefly Connected with Incidents in the Histories of More or Less Distinguished Men.

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

species, length, tail, specimens, feet, animal, p., skull, color, body, animals, teeth, parts, head, type, size, inches, subspecies, part, specimen, range, mammals, males, adult, time, foot, illustration, name, females, number, genus, side, measurements, ground, whales, frenata, area, breadth, water, ad, male, mice, ft, hind, mi, jaw, cent, ears, food, weasel

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, are, was, be, have, were, has, been, found, had, being, taken, known, seen, see, made, do, described, examined, seems, having, used, obtained, given, follows, does, following, said, occur, called, did, reported, show, according, referred, occurs, says, mentioned, recorded, killed, placed, differs, appears, developed, covered, observed, measured, seem, distinguished, shown

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

_, ., |, m., county, washington, mustela, s., p., f., c., nat, n., river, h., lake, museum, e., mus, san, north, u., california, proc, b., brown, t., august, genus, kansas, mountains, america, w., s, mi, june, fig, jerdon, soc, j., a., july, ft, r., hall, merriam, mr., d., pp, columbia

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, they, its, i, he, his, their, them, we, him, my, me, our, her, you, itself, us, she, themselves, himself, one, your, myself, thy, ourselves, herself, tamarack, mine, thee, ''em, pl, yours, habitat.--the, description.--this, description.--"above, hers, hardyi, ha''e, ''s, |march, yourself, well--"they, trowbridgii.--this, townsendii, them,--the, theirs, talpidae.--this, say--"we, remarks._--four, remarks._--among

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

other, large, small, white, upper, more, same, black, long, many, young, lower, less, larger, several, short, great, dark, few, first, little, such, common, smaller, least, present, mi, total, most, last, brown, northern, tympanic, western, old, distinct, much, eastern, southern, average, basilar, different, general, american, certain, -, zygomatic, latter, female, anterior

not, more, only, also, very, so, as, well, most, however, about, probably, up, long, often, much, rather, even, less, far, then, usually, out, nearly, almost, now, slightly, sometimes, thus, relatively, especially, above, here, generally, down, still, therefore, back, south, instead, never, there, quite, always, approximately, perhaps, first, somewhat, closely, just

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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