Seismos megas. Or Heaven & earth shaken. A treatise shewing how kings, princes, and their governments are turned and changed by Jesus Christ as [brace] King of Kings, and King of Saints. / By John Davis, M.A. sometime lecturer at Christ Church in London, and now pastour of a congregation in Dover. Davis, John, pastor of a congregation in Dover. 1655 Approx. 493 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 166 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2008-09 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A81992 Wing D422 Thomason E1601_2 99867819 99867819 170142 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A81992) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 170142) Images scanned from microfilm: (Thomason Tracts ; 202:E1601[2]) Seismos megas. Or Heaven & earth shaken. A treatise shewing how kings, princes, and their governments are turned and changed by Jesus Christ as [brace] King of Kings, and King of Saints. / By John Davis, M.A. sometime lecturer at Christ Church in London, and now pastour of a congregation in Dover. Davis, John, pastor of a congregation in Dover. [32], 299, [1] p. Printed by T.C. for Nathaniel Brooke at the Angel in Cornhill., London. : 1655. Annotation on Thomason copy: "Octob. 18.". The first two words are transliterated from the Greek. Reproduction of the original in the British Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. 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OR HEAVEN & EARTH SHAKEN . A Treatise shewing how Kings , Princes , and their Governments are turned and changed By Jesus Christ as King of Kings , and King of Saints . Hagg. 2. 6. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Thus saith the Lord of Hosts . Yet once , it is a little while and I will shake the Heavens and the Earth , and the Sea and the dry Land. And I will shake all Nations . By JOHN DAVIS , M. A. sometime Lecturer at Christ Church in LONDON , and now Pastour of a Congregation in Dover . LONDON . Printed by T. C. for Nathaniel Brooke at the Angel in Cornhill . 1655. The Epistle of the Author to the Reader . Christian Reader , ALl men in the world are naturally acted by a principle , either of Love , or Feare ; and there is something in the ensuing Treatise to meet with both . Men are greedily addicted to Novelty , new fashions and opinions , new straines and modes , new matters and methods ; yea Pamphlets of news are taking , and I feare me too much . The Title tells you of a Great Earthquake , or Heaven and Earth shaken , which denotes the great and suddain turne and change of things : Now while things are turning and changing they appeare new to us ; they have not the same face now they had before . And surely men are more obliged to converse with News in things , then News in Books ; Men compile your News-books , but God makes News in things . If what is here presented were forreigne , and such as did not relate to you , you might justly passe it by , and pitch on that which is of more concernment to you . But let me tell you , there is no Turne or Change mentioned here , but that which relates to you , and wherein you are concerned , and have been Actors one way or other , for good or evil ; either provoking by your sins , or interceding by your prayers : and therefore ( me thinks ) you should love to read your selves over , and the new things that you have made . Turnes and Changes , especially in great bodies of Kingdoms and Common-wealthes , are great Turnes , turnes of great and publick interest ; but not alwayes prosperous , and so makes way for your feare . The greatest States-men have studiously avoided ( as much as they could ) all Innovations , knowing the trouble and danger that follows thereon ; lest while they designe the common good ; dregs should be stirred up in the spirits of people , that they could not easily settle and allay again . I heartily wish you the increase of a godly feare , that amidst all the Turnes and Changes which you read of , you may yet more and more experience that blessed turne and change of heart , from darknesse to light , from things below , to things above , from creatures to Christ ; and then all these Turnes shall not onely not hurt you , but do you much good . The Method I have observed and studied , hath been to informe you as plainely , and to apply that information as closly as I could . I have laid things down by way of Propositions ; and those Propositions such as might make way for , and give light to one another , the foregoing to the following Propositions ; and all of them put together , might acquaint you with that which was intended in this worke . That you might the better take in , and retaine things in your minde , I have in every Chapter perfixed the several Propositions therein opened ; and most of them are ( all should have been ) in a differing letter from the body of the Book . The XXI . Chapter makes mention of twelve Sections , which I confesse I intended for the heads of twelve several Chapters , with such application as are in the other parts of the Book : but I was afraid of being tedious . I know uot how that which is here done will suite with the spirits of the godly-wise ; to whom I desire to approve my selfe in this businesse . And if I might receive any incouragement from them , it might easily draw forth my thoughts which I have had , of the Turnes of Councils and Armies , of Laws and Trading , of Continents and Islands ; The great turnes at Sea , as well as upon the Land ; of affairs concerning the Church as well as the State. But I shall adde no more now but this petition : That the God of all wisdome would wise us to know the Times , and our duties in them ; and help us to serve our generation , and to do the worke of the day in the day ; To live by faith , and by faith and patience to possesse our soules , until the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ , in whom I am , Your truely affectionate Brother to serve you in his Gospel IOHN DAVIS . Errata . PAge 20. l. 2. for eight r. seventh . Page 43. for three r. third . Page 75. for underpowers r. undercowers . To the Reader . REader , this is a bookish-age , and whereas Learning was heretofore graced by judicious Schollars , it is now much vilified by illiterate scriblers . What Scaliger said of France , omnibus scribendi datur libertas , paucis facultas ; All men may write , but few are able to write ; is verified here in England : All have liberty to write , but few ability . Hence it is that so many leane pamphlets and peices come forth daily , treating of Inferiour and inconsiderate things . This Author acquaints you with the great Shakings , the great Alterations , which God and Christ do make in Heaven and Earth upon performance of divine Promises : He treats of the use and ministration of Angels therein ; he sheweth that all power is Christs ; that the Princes of the earth have all their power from him ; he informes of what use Government and Governours are , how subject to change ; what 's the evil of abusing power , what 's the cause of Civil Wars and Fatal Turnes ; He tells you how severely the Lord Christ will deale with the Potentates of the earth , whose power is erected against him and his ; which are things of an high nature , and well handled . Though Galen said of Moses workes , Multa dicit , nil probat ; and Augustine of Manichaeus , dixit & abiit , he gave no reason of what he said ; yet it is far otherwise with this Author , who judiciously and solidly makes good what he hath asserted . The Matter , Method , and Composition , are waters from his own Cistern , and hony from his own Hive . He hath not larded his book alieno adipe , with the fat of other men . The work speakes for it selfe , being elaborate , well compacted , and weighty through words of truth ; and doubtlesse will finde acceptance amongst those who have their senses exercis'd to discern of such things . It s most true which Erasmus saith , Nihil morosius hominum judiciis ; nothing is more peevish then the judgements of men : what one magnifies , another vilifies ; and what is vilified by one , is magnified by another ; yet it is some comfort that mens judgements are like their pallats ; what suites not with one doth with another ; and where the wine is good , few will distaste it . Reader , buy and try ; if thou be pleasured or profited , the Author hath his aime ; if neither , he will not be provoked , knowing Nunquam tam bene agitur cum rebus humanis ut meliora placeant plurimis ; Such is the disposition of humane affairs , that the best things ever please fewest . W. Gr. The Contents of the Book . CHAP. I. SHeweth the occasion and Scope of this Treatise . CHAP. II. HHandleth these eight Proposals . 1. God delivers his Prophesies in way of a Promise . 2. New-Testament Promises are set forth in Old-Testament language . 3. Both Prophesies and Promises , are to be taken in the largest sense . 4. That both Prophesies and Promises admit of divers Degrees , Seasons , Manners of fullfilling . 5. That under one Person or things named , a whole Series both of persons and things , is to be understood . 6. God performes his Promises in these latter Ages , in a way of proportion to his former glorious workings . 7. The inflicting of judgement on the Adversaries of his Church , is subordinate to the performance of his Promises . 8. That the time of fullfilliug Prophesies and working great changes is at , or before the coming of Christ . CHAP. III. SHeweth the Meaning , Doctrines , and Method of Haggai 2. 6 , 7 , 8. CHAP. IV. HAndleth this Doctrine , In the great Turnes of Ages , God dispenseth himselfe in the way of a Promise . 1. This holds out God as a Father . 2. Exalts the honour of Christ the Son. 3. Honours God in the person of the Spirit . 4. Makes notably for the security and improvement of grace . 5. Notably confounds the men of the World. 6. Greatens our estate . Vse 1. of Instruction , shewing 1. In great Turnes , are great wants . 2. It shewes the vanity of the creatures . 3. That Gods wayes are in the deeps . Vse 2. of Exhortation to search out the Promises of the latter Age. The Motives are six . 1. This renders you children of wisdome . 2. It s a blessed preservative against the infection of sin . 3. It advanceth your faith and love . 4. It s proper to conquer difficulties and discouragements . 5. It s apt to make you watchful and dutiful . 6. It advanceth your heart in praises . CHAP. V. SHeweth that when Christ is about to performe his Promises , he causeth Changes in Natural bodies . How ? 1. Jesus Christ hath given a being and constant course to Heaven and Earth . 2. He maintaines what he hath given . 3. The creatures thus made and maintained , are at his becke . 4. That it is his pleasure they should sometimes step aside from their ordinary constant course . 5. Christ governes them in all their turnings aside . 6. That these turnes carry the nature of Signes , yet favour not Astrological Predictions . Why ? because , 1. This is the beginning of taking to himself his great power . 2. By this meanes he speaks to all the World. 3. By this way of working , he minds us that the creatures are not in that state he intends for them . 4. By these turns in Natural bodies , he knows how to draw forth spiritual actings in his people . Vse 1. of Instruction . 1. To see Christs excellency . 1. In that he causeth these turnes . 2. In that he can doe more . 2. It s a vain thing to set against Christ . 3. It s easie hence to conceive the Promises of this life shall be performed . Vse 2. of Exhortation . 1. To consider Christ in all these Changes . 2. To feare before him . 3. To advance your faith . 4. To exalt him above man , or meanes . CHAP. VI. SHeweth the change of Angels , and this Doctrine , That Jesus Christ in the great turning Providences , imployes the ministration of Angels . For clearing of which Doctrine , take notice of these nine things . 1. Jesus Christ , God-man , is head of Angels . 2. Angels are to serve him ; not in his person alone , but in serving of his Saints . 3. Angels are to serve Christ and his Saints , in the destruction of their enemies . 4. Angels are to have more apparent declaration made of their service toward Christ and his world . 5. Angels are brought in in the visions , and so in the execution of those visions . 6. Angels have worke deputed to them , concerning Kingdomes and Nations . 7. Angels and Saints shall be joyned together hereafter ; and therefore they are conjoyned in the worke here . 8. Christs last dispensations are his greatest , wherein he useth Angels . 1. In the working of his wisdome . 2. When he takes to himselfe his great power . 3. Vpon more immediate administration of Saints . 4. Shewing forth his unchangablenesse . 9. Christ must have his Angels , as well as the Dragon his . Vse 1. of Instruction . 1. To see Christ his excellency who is far above Angels ; because they are but his servants : where Heb. 1. is breifely opened . Vse 2. Of Exhortation . 1. To behold those glorious works . 2. To draw forth your faith and love . 3. To provoke you to come forth in the service of these latter dayes ; to be fellow-servants with the Angels . CHAP. VII . COntains the shake of Kings , for four Reasons ; because , 1. They make the great turnes in the Earth . 2. They pretend to be exempt from mans power . 3. Dealing with them , is a compendious way of dealing with the world . 4. They are decked ▪ with all worldly power , and seem to be the fittest match for Christ . Vse of Instruction to see that there is 1. A meanesse in their Majesty . 2. That the management of particular places must be reckoned for . 3. He will surely account with meaner men . 4. It s lawful to appe ale from Princes to Christ . 5. Judicial proceedings against Princes , is stamped with remarkable Characters of Christ . Vse of Exhortation . 1. to meditate on these dealings of Christ . 2. to give unto Christ the honour due to his Name . CHAP. VIII . SHewes , Pos . 1. All power is given to Christ in Heaven and Earth ; Where observe , 1. All power is in Christ . 2. All power is his due , upon the taking of our nature . 3. though it be his due , 't is rightly said to be given to him . 4. Jesus Christ hath had but little honour of all his power . 5 , Christ will exalt himselfe in such turnes upon Kings , as that they shall honour him in their consciences . Vse 1. Of Instruction to teach us , 1. the riches of Gods love to Christ . 2. that the Father is fully satisfied in the power laid on him . 3. the pleasure of the Lord shall prosper in Christs hand . 4. Christ returnes all his power to the Father . Vse 2. of Exhortation : 1. To flocke about Christ in love . 2. to come with resolvednesse to be at his disposal . 3. tremble ye wicked ones , though the mighty of the Earth . 4. The Lord reigneth , let the earth be glad . CHAP. IX . SHewes that Kings reigne by Christ . 1. They are , or are not , by him . 2. He blesseth or blasteth them , in the worke of Government . 3. What wisdome or power they have , they cannot put forth without him . 4. the continuation , or succession of them , is from him . 5. Bad Kings , as well as good , are from him : where observe 1. Good men may be bad Kings . 2. the badnesse of Kings is not from Christ : for , 1. It s not by his command . 2. It s not by his working . 3. He doth not stirre them up to any wickednesse . 4. though Christ be no cause of their badnesse , yet he permits it . 5. In permitting them he puts forth a righteous judgement . 6. He orders their badnesse for good . Vse of Instruction . 1. that their being Creatures of Christs making ; stamps Authority on them . 2. When we rise against Government , we rise against Christ . 3. Ascribe the good of Government to Christ . 4. Hence take a ground of patience under evil Governours . 5. Christ must needs be glorious . Vse of Exhortation in sixe passages out of Psal . 2. 1. To be wise . 2. To be instructed . 3. to be in feare . 4. To serve him . 5. to rejoyce with trembling . 6. To kisse the Son. CHAP. X. OPens that setting up of Government is for the worlds good : as appears , 1. In that it is set to keep the world in order . 2. Persons so set , and kept , enjoy propriety . 3. Government promotes the increase of good things in our propriety . 4. Government protects your Peace 5. Setting up of Government is , when God makes some men able and willing to manage Publicke Affairs , and draws others to consent and subject . 6. This is notably for the good of not some but all ranks of men . 7. It s extensive to the whole life of all those men . 8. There is honour due to them , who are thus set up for Government . Vse of Instruction to shew , 1. That God is a faithful Creator . 2. Rulers had need be of much wisdom , and publicknesse of spirit . Vse 2 : of Exhortation . 1. To esteem them highly . 2. To make honourable mention of them ▪ 3. To speak to God for them . 4. To submit to every ▪ Ordinance . 5. To testifie our thankfulnesse , by service in person , and in purse . CHAP. XI . UNfolds that Governours and Governments are apt to change ; which these six things will further informe you in . 1. Governours change by death , and in their manners while they live . 2. Manners and forms of Government , as well as Persons , are liable to change . 3. People change in their mindes and conditions . 4. Change of Governments , Governours , and People , causeth change of Laws . 5. they change in their league and trade with Neighbour Nations . 6. Jesus Christ King of Kings , makes a change on Governours and Governments , by sending Plague , Sword , or Famine , on them . Vse of Instruction . 1. Lesser bodies will change . 2. See the creatures vanity . Vse of Exhortation to Princes . 2. To exalt righteousnesse . 2. To be little in their own eyes . To All. 1. to raise up your hearts to minde things above . 2. to be content in these turnes . 3. to contend to have the change for better . CHAP. XII . SHews that Kings abuse their power ; for 1. they serve themselves more then others . 2. they turn the power which should be for good , to the hurt of others . 3. Power was set against Christ in his person when he was on Earth . 4. It is against Christ and his interest Now. 5. the power of Kings is given up to Christs enemies . Vse of Instruction , to see 1. the foundation of turns on Kingdoms . viz. Departing from the right ends . 2. How little Kings deserve the name of Sacred . 3. Judge not of men or causes to be good , by the greatnesse of them that follow them . 4. Vndeceive your selves , about the true value of earthly powers . 5. that those in power be circumspect . CHAP. XIII . SHews , that abuse of power tends to the breaking of power , which is apparent ; 1. When those in power indulge their own lazinesse . 2. When they take no account of under-officers . 3. When they rule by will. 4. When they look not after the execution of good Laws . 5. When they are unjust . 6. When they sinfully conform to neighbour Princes . 7. When they persecute those who are good . 8. When they interpose unduely in the things of God. Vse 1. of Instruction , to see the cause of great turns among us . Vse 2. of Admonition to Princes . 1. Take heed of your hearts in lawful things . 2. Take heed of coveteous self-love . 3. Exalt not your selves unduely . 4. Anger and malice misbecome a Prince . 5. Forget not the kindnesse of others to you . 6. Look that your Courtiers prove not flatterers . CHAP. XIV . PRinces being wicked , people grow wicked too ; because 1. Wickednesse in men of high place is misrepresented to the people . 2. Wicked Princes leave good Laws unexecuted , and sin unpunished . 3. Then wickednesse comes to be established as by a Law. 4. Because of the Priests of the Nation . 5. People are migtily led by example . Vse 1. To shew how much Rulers have to answer for . 2. To shew that examples move much . 3. To take notice of the wickedness in us . 4. See how just it is to suffer from Princes , when we grow sinful by them . CHAP. XV. THat abuse of power , and wickednesse of people adapt to Civil war. How abuse of power works on good mens spirits . How wickedness adapts ; See it thus . 1. Pride in Princes , produceth pride in people . 2. Pride introduceth luxury . 3. Luxury introduceth poverty . 4. Poverty makes people discontented . 5. Discontented people meditate their pressures . 6. Pressed people hardly pay for any publick uses . 7. People grow weary of their Trades . 8. They feare more then they feel . 9. There be Incendiaries that augment their fears . 10. These incendiaries have many followers . Vse 1. To Princes , to consider their abuse of power . 2. To people who complain of Wars , yet are the cause of them . 3. To admire Gods goodness that we have no more Civil Wars . CHAP. XVI . SHews that Civil Wars produce fatal Changes ; for 1. Then Government is destroyed . 2. Equity and Laws are not then to be heard . 3. Then Religion , and devotion , are stifled . 4. Learning and Trading fall down dead . 5. A rich people is made poor , and a strong people weake . 6. No safety to any then . 7. Plantations are nipt in the bud . 8. The victory of Civil Wars is much to be lamented . Vse . 1. Admire Gods goodnesse that we are a Nation . 2. Consider how much we are engaged to those in power , by whose care it comes to passe that Wars break not forth . 3. Look on some inconveniences as eligible , when they prevent what is fatal . 4. It should be far from us to promote a Civil War. CHAP. XVII . NEighbour Princes fall off from us , or come forth against us , when we are in Civil War : which is opened thus . 1. God hath bounded and limited all Nations in their Territories . 2. Confederacy is as needful for a Nation as a Person . 3. It s of great concernment , what , and with whom , confederacy is concluded . 4. Islands have more liberty of choice , as to their confederates , then those that live in a Continent . 5. We may have cause to break with those with whom we have been confederate . 6. It s possible some may break unjustly from us . 7. Those with whom we are in League , may be devoured by their adversaries . 8. It s possible notwithstanding confederacies abroad , we may be disjoynt at home . 9. This distraction tempts your friends to shake you off . 10. It opportunes your confederates to become your enemies . Vse 1. See how little help there is in men . 2. See what wickednesse is incident to Nations as well as persons . 3. Take hence one argument more against your Civil War. 4. Learn , it s a curious work to manage affairs in Civil Wars . 5. Admire Gods providences towards us , who hath busied our Neighbour Nations . CHAP. XVIII . OPens that unkind and unjust dealings of neighbour Nations produce forreign Wars : as thus . 1. The pride and lust of ruling men , cause these hard dealings . 2. Those who are great , would be great alone . 3. These great leaders obtain many followers . 4. They conclude they have a fit season for their rage . 5. A people under present pressures are exceding sensible . 6. They resolve if they recover , to do to others , as others thought to have done unto them . Vse 1. To see the spreading of sin , that it reacheth Nations as well as persons . 2. Nations as well as persons , are liable to trouble upon trouble . 3. God is appealed unto in War. 4. To admire again Gods goodness to us . CHAP. XIX . SHews , that Jesus Christ will deale in severity with the Kings of the Earth ; because 1. Kings are in covenant with their people , and break their Covenants . 2. In this dealing Christ appears no respecter of persons . 3. In this dealing Christ makes his wisdom out-shine King-craft . 4. Christ is to overcome Satan in his territories . Vse 1. Reade the sinfulness of Kings in Christs severity . 2. See the impartial and unspotted holiness of Jesus Christ . 3. See what to expect , and to what to refer our present providences . CHAP. XX. COncludes with shewing , how the twelve Positions formerly handled , instruct us in our present Turns and Changes . CHAP. XXI . SHews the great Turns on Nations , arising from the consideration of Christ as King of Saints , set forth in twelve Sections . 1. Jesus Christ is King of Saints , as well as King of the World. 2. Christ hath his high honour upon his sufferings . 3. Christ puts forth the power he hath as King of Nations , for his people , to whom he is King of Saints . 4. Jesus Christ shall have more visible glory in this World. 5. Bitternesse is mingled with all Governments , that Christ may be sweet . 6. Christ pours out on his people a mighty spirit of prayer , which he in his Government as King of Saints , returns full answer to . 7. Jesus Christ shall have a willing people in the day of his power . 8. Some of the Kings of the Earth shall be among this willing people . 9. Christ having great work to do , stirs up the spirit of Princes and people . 10. The great work of the latter days shall be to exalt holinesse and righteousnesse . 11. Saints shall have notable Conquest over their enemies . 12. These things shall be by degrees . CHAP. XXII . COntains the Vses of that Doctrine , that Christ is King of Saints . 1. Vse of inviting Instruction , discovering , 1. Christs excellency . 2. The properties of his Kingdom . 3. The glory of his Saints . 1. Christ his excellency in four things . 1. His right and Title which is the justest : being . 1. By Election . 2. By Donation . 3. By Birth . 4. By purchase . 5. By Conquest . 2. His Qualifications are greatest . 3. His Administrations are the highest . 4. His Communications are the largest . 2 The Properties of his Kingdom being , 1. Spiritual . 2. Vniversal . 3. Eternal . 4. Bringing in perfect peace . 3. The glory or excellency of his Saints ; for , 1. They shall be more Saints . 2. They shall live safely . 3. their enemies shall be ruined . 2. Vse of Exhortation . 1. to know him . 2. to fear him . ● . to trust in him . 4. to embrace him with love . 5. to be like to him . 6. to glorifie him . 7. to be obedient to his laws ; where you have , 1. the six Laws of Nature with Gospel-light . 1. Peace is to be sought . 2. Stand to your Covenants . 3. You must be thankful . 4. Serve one another . 5. Be merciful and forgive . 6. Reproach not one another . 2. You have many Gospel strains set out to highthen your obedience . THe Appendix shews Astrological Predictions to be frivilous and impious ; where these five things are granted . 1. that the Stars have a powerful ruling excellency . 2. that by their light , heat , and motion , they work great alterations in the Aire . 3. that having this power over the Aire , they do diver●●y affect compound bodies . 4. Scripture speaks plainely , that they are for times , and seasons . 5. that there may be some present Predictions about weather and such things . But two things are denyed . 1. that Stars have any power over the Reason or Will of man to necessitate or inforce them . 2. that Astrologers can rightly pretend to foretell such things as depend on mans will , or are any way contingent : and this appears by seven Arguments . 1. Such Predictions are derogatory to Gods prerogative of fore-knowing . 2. Such predictions are crosse to the word of God. 3. We reason from the Nature of the Stars . 4. We reason from the Nature of Art. 5. We argue from that part of Astrology , that is about weather . 6. these Predictions are derogatory to the excellency of Man. 7. VVe reason from the Nature of contingent things . Object . But many things they foretell come to passe Sol. 1. Not so many as they brag of . 2. Not from any causing virtue in the Stars . 3. Blind men sometime hit the white ; so may Astrologers . 4. their coming to passe is a strong argument against them . 5. It may come to passe in a way of judicial vengeance . Vse 1. to the professors of the Mathematicks . 2. to their Disciples , dehorting them from Figure-casting . Σεισμος Μεγας . OR Heaven and Earth shaken . CHAP. I. The Introduction , shewing the occasion and scope of the insuing Treatise . THe works of the Lord are great ( sayeth the Psalmist ) sought out of all them that have pleasure therein . When God is working we must eye him ; and when his works be great , we must be searching them out ; and not soon weary , but taking pleasure both in the works and search . Gods works to us of this Nation , have been honourable and glorious ( as it is verse 3. ) and his righteousnesse enduring for ever . No marvel then , if they be taking , with the minde and hearts of his people , who entertaine them with the highest esteeme and most joyful admiration : verse 4. He hath made his wonderful workes to be remembred ; the Lord is gracious and full of compassion : I appeale unto your consciences that read , whether the grace and full compassion of God , have not made his works wonderful among us ; Now God will not have his works written in the sand ; he makes his works wonderful , and his wonderful works to be remembred , and surely his people cannot forget them ; they are ingraven on their hearts , and they cannot but remember them ▪ v. ● . He giveth meat to them that fear him ; He is ever mindful of his Covenant . Consider v. 5. the malice and rage of adversaries ; and we cannot but reckon it among the wonderful works of God , that his people have a bit of bread , that they have meat for their mouths , and drink to quench their thirst ; but when it s added , He is ever mindful of his Covenant : His Covenant , and his mindfulnesse of his Covenant ; and so giving them meat , renders this common path of providence , this so giving them meat , to be truly wonderful . v. 6. He hath shewed his people the power of his works . How ! few are there that take notice of the works of God ; and fewer that take notice of God in his works : But this is the favour that he shewes his people , not onely his works , but the power of them : their Verity , and Judgement , Truth , Vprightnesse and Stedfastnesse , as it is v. 7 , 8. Vision is the glory and light of life ; he lives most like a man , not that eates and drinks most , sleeps and sports most , but he that with the acting eye of Reason , sees most of things , and their difference : He lives most like a Christian , that by faith se●th him that is invisible , makes a reall presence of things absent , and an evidence and tr●e enjoyment of things hoped for : our present and after-happinesse is in vision , by faith here , really and truly ; but more hereafter , when we shall see him face to face , and know as we are known , 1 Cor. 13. 12. Daniel and John , the greatly beloved Prophet and Disciple , were both much honoured with Visions and Revelations : our Saviour commends Abraham for that he saw his day and rejoyced , Joh. 8. 56. Those who are Abrahams seed , cannot but eye Christ and rejoyce in the dawning of his day : if God have an hand to work , surely we must have an eye to see , an heart to believe , and a tongue to praise him . God doth not work little things for his people ; it stands not with his love , and their condition ; and when he doth great things , we must meet him and them with great observation . I have heard an Ambassador residing here , should write home that he lived in a Land of wonders ; well noteing how great turns passed on us , and how little blood was shed about them ; then if strangers see so much , we should see more . Doubtlesse God hath revived his works of old ; made his arme bare , commanding and creating deliverances for us . How often hath he brought us to the gates of death ? and then said return , return , ye children of men . How many , and mighty , malicious and prosperous , have our enemies been ? and yet how destroyed ? How little and low , how despised and nothing , have your Councils , Armies , Allyes , your all been ? and yet God hath remembred us in our low estate . He hath not been weary of doing us good , although we have soon been weary of serving him . There is a voyce in the r●d ( saith the Prophet ) and surely mercies , deliverances and salvations , have their voyce also ; and the greater any danger or deliverance is , the louder is the voyce . Oh! that we could heare so as to love and learn righteousnesse : Oh! that we were wise to read Gods works out of his word , his providences in his prophesies , Dan. 12. 10. The wise shall understand : Thus to understand him , will be our wisdome . When the Devil tempted our Saviour , it was by shewing him the World and the glory of it ; But behold here a better vision ; the glory of the world , and worldly Kingdomes , and the fall of them ; Mountains tumbling down , and Vallyes filled up ; high things brought low , and low things exalted . How ! many and mighty , precious and seasonable , have been the returns of fervent , righteous , faithful prayers ? They were made in former Ages , but are answered Now : our fore-fathers had the honour to sow , and we the blessing to reape the fruits of their prayers : Oh! the riches of the grace of God , that hightens our mercies by steeping them in blood : Our Adoption , Reconciliation , Redemption , Remission of sin and salvation is by the precious blood of Jesus : the glorious truths of the everlasting Gospel come to us dyed in his blood , who was the great Martyr , and in the blood of many his servants and Martyrs : Rev. 6. 9. Our present Liberty , Peace , and Enjoyments , did they not cost the dearest blood of many valiant Worthies ? Oh! let not , let not the blood of Christ , his Martyrs and Souldiers condemn us ; Let it not be said , God stretched forth his hand to a foolish and gainsaying people ; that the Oxe knoweth his owner , and the Asse his Masters crib : and that we know not , care not , consider not , when God works such glorious things . When David had the water of the Well of Bethlehem brought to him , he poured it out before the Lord , because it was the blood of these men : Oh! that now your hearts might rebound these mercies to Heaven , whence they came , in humble thankfulnesse , and watchful obedience ; seeing they are the blood of your brethren . When the time of performing great promises and prophesies drew nigh , God raiseth up Daniel's spirit to search : Oh! that we might be praying and searching , praying and reading , praying and inquiring , and not giving over , till we come to some understanding of these blessed mysteries . Now to help you in this search , to informe your understanding , to be instrumental to draw forth and establish your faith about the great works of this latter Age , is the scope of this insuing Treatise . The Lord in much mercy blesse you and it together , that those good ends may be obtained . Chap. 2. Handleth these eight Propositions . FIrst that God delivers his prophesies in the way of a promise . 2. New-Testament Promises are set forth in Old Testament language . 3. That both prophesies and promises , are to be taken in the largest extent . 4. That they admit of divers degrees , seasons , and manners of fulfilling . 5. That under one person or thing named , the whole series both of persons and things is to be understood . 6. God performes his promises in these latter ages , in a way of proportion to his former glorious workings . 7. The inflicting of punishment , on the adversaries of his Church , is subordinate to the performance of his promise to his people . 8. That the time of fulfilling Prophesies and Promises , and working great changes , is at or before the coming of Christ . Before we come to the particulars which we intend to insist upon ; give me leave first , for the better understanding of the matter and the Scriptures produced , to lay down these eight Considerations . God delivers his Prophesies , in the way of a Promise . Prophesies are the foretelling of things that shall come to passe in their proper times . God cannot speak to his Saints but in away of love ; his foreteling things to come , tells you how he loves them . Our God is a God of power and grace : and promises are the engagements of both : The Father worketh , and Christ worketh , for his peoples special good : and you have them both at work in performing prophetical promises . The prophesie of Christ his coming in the flesh , it s in the way of a promise , Isa . 9. 6 ▪ Vnto us a Childe is borne , unto us a Son is given : faith in the promise , speaks him born and given , although this was a long while after , Isa . 7. 14. The Lord himselfe shall give you a signe . Behold a Virgin shall conceive : which is rendred in the Gospel of Matthew by t●o words : one is , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , tha● which was spoken holding out the proph●si● ; for Isaiah is called a Prophet , and his speaking is prophetical speaking : for it was sp●ken of the Lord by him . The other word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that it might be fulfilled , holds out the performance of that promise , which is , when the event answers and makes up what was in the promise . That proph●sie that the Gospel should shine on the darke 〈◊〉 entiles , is in the way of a promise , Isa . 9. 2. So in Hag. 2. 7. ( the prophesie we intend to open in the next Chapter ) Thus saith the Lord of Hosts , is by the Author to the Hebrews rendred Heb. 12. 26. Now he hath promised : spoken by way of promise 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . And the ground of this is , the overflowings of Gods love , which cannot speak of things a farre off , but withal ▪ tells you , how he is , and will be engaged about them ; what doth concern the present time , is too narrow to expresse his love , and therefore he speaks it out in things that are to come . New Testament promises are declared in Old Testament language . Thus the erecting of Gospel Churches , the new edition and reformation of them , is called in a phrase of the Old Testament , a Temple , Rev. 11. 1. John is bid to measure the Temple , when he speaks of Gospel Churches . The happy state of the Church is termed by a Jewish phrase The Tabernacle of God among men , Rev. 21. 3. signifying the glorious state of Gospel times : and thus in the place afore named , filling the house with glory , implyes the same thing . Babylon was of old an enemy to Israel , and the great enemies in Gospel-times are called Babylon also ; and the destruction of those enemies in Gospel-times , is termed the fall of Babylon , Rev. 14. 8. The Visions concerning Church affairs are now , and so formerly in the Prophets , expressed by Angels , Horses , Trumpets , Women : and as they agree in the instructing language , so in the promising language also ; and the reason , why our promises are thus express●d , may be , 1. Because the same spirit breaths in both the T●staments , Old as well as New. To them was the Gospel preached , Heb. 4. 2. as well as to us : no marvel then , if the promises be in the same , language . 2. God would have the Gentiles to know his heart is now as full to them , as it was to his Israel of old ; and therefore he speaks to them in the same language he spake to Israel . 3. God will have his ancient people , the Jewes whom he will convert , to understand his love fully ; which that they may the better do , he speaks unto them in his & their own proper language . That these Promises and Prophesies are to be taken in the largest extent , in the letter and mystery , according to the scope of the place and Analogie of faith ▪ Thus. Babylons falling , Rev. 14. meanes that the Seat , Power , Doctrine , Subjects , and all , are ready to tumble down . Promises and prophesies hold out the raisednesse of Gods wisdom and love , and therefore must be of large extent : They speak to , and of all persons , times and conditions , therefore must be large . Prophesies contain largnesse of wisdom and knowledge , and promises largenesse of , love : and therefore there must be a largenesse of expression to hold them forth . When God said unto Jacob , Gen. 32. 9 , 13. I will do th●e good : Jacob understood it largly ; for he turnes it into an argument of prayer , and twice repeats it : Litteral sense doth not undermine the mystery , nor that overthrow the litteral sense : Gods promises are suitable to his commands , keeping pace with them ; they are conjoyned as Arteries and Veines in the body ; Now the commands are exceeding large , Psal . 119. 96. and so are the promises . Math. 5. 28. tells from our Saviour , that looking and lusting is committing Adultery : and the promise of giving Christ includes in Pauls arguing , the giving of all other good things , Rom. 8. 32. The spirit hath framed up Faith with a large make and frame ; and promises are for our faith in the largenesse of it ; and so must be large also . Prophesies and promises are expressions of Gods minde : Now we must not limite the holy One of Israel , but take him in the fullnesse of his expressions . That these Prophesies and Promises admit of divers Degrees , Seasons and Manner of fulfilling ; thus , Hos . 11. 1. I called my Son out of Egypt was truly made good when Moses brought the Children of Israel out of Egypt ; for Israel was Gods sonne , but it had a farther degree of fulfilling in Christ , Math. 2. 15. Jer. 31. 15. concerning Rachels weeping , Bis hic locus impletus est : The place was twice fulfilled , saith Musculus . Rachel was the Mother of Benjamin , and so the mother of the Benjamites , the Tribe that kept close to the house of David : She was buried neer Bethlehem and is put to denote the whole Land of Judah , which was in a mourning condition at the time when they were carried away captive , and then Rachel is said to weep : and moreover when the children are slaine in Bethlehem , she weeps again , Mat. 2. 17. Isa . 53. 4. Surely he hath borne our greifes , was fulfilled in the sorrow that fell on the person of the Lord as Mediator , as one in our roome and stead ; that is one manner of fulfilling : but is not all . Mat. 8. 17. It s brought in as a ground of healing the sicke and casting out of evil spi its . Psal . 78. 2. The Prophet Asaph is said to open his mouth in a Parable : but it 's applyed to Christ , and his preaching , Mat. 13. 35. Zach. 11. 12. Speaking about the thirty pieces of Silver : it was true of Zacharie , and their ignoble dealing with him , as with a base labourer , allotting so meane a price to a faithful Prophet ; but fulfilled farther in that thirty pieces for which Judas sold his Master , Mat. 27. 9. Psal . 22. 18. They parted my garments amongst them : it possibly may be verified in David . Omnia in Davidem convenire poss●nt , as Arias M●ntanus saith ; David his destroyers being confident that he could not return , they fell upon the spoile ; but t is fully performed in Christ , Joh. 19. 23. Isa . 61. 1. He hath sent me to preach liberty to the captives , was made good in the person of the Prophet Isaiah , preaching about their freedom from the Babylonish Captivity , though more fully in Christ , Luke 4. 21. Psal . 41. 9. My own familiar friend which eat bread at my Table . It 's true of Davids Courtiers : performed also in Judas against Christ , John 13. 14. Isa . 53. 1. Who hath believed our report ? The speech relates to the Prophet in his time , but not onely to the Prophet ; for it agrees to Christ as appears , John 12. 38. I shall conclude this position with what I learned many years a goe , from transcribed Notes of a precious servant of Christ now at rest . The least degree of the performing a promise being manifested , the promise therein may be truly said to be performed , although not in the highest extent of it : Whereupon it is remarkable how in the Gospels , and Acts of the Apostles , when any personal thing or individual act is mentioned , as that in Mat. 2. 17. ( the place above named ) about Rachel , the holy Ghost useth a word which signifies accomplishment , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Then was fulfilled that which was spoken . But when promises are mentioned , which have reference to the Church , as Acts 2. 16. then it s thus expressed , This is that which was spoken by the Prophet Joel , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 : he doth not say , it was fulfilled , but it was spoken : it had a true performance , but not the accomplishment . That under one person or thing named a whole series both of persons and things is to be understood . See this plainly in the great promise , Rom. 9. 7. In Isaac shall thy seed be called . In the eight verse of the same Chapter , The children of the promise are counted for the seed . When we read of the enemies of the Church , which sometimes are called Hornes , by them he means all the powers that are pushing at Jesus Christ and his interest : The Vial on the Throne of the Beast mentioned Rev. 16. 10. although it meane eminently the City of Rome ; yet withal it may take in all those places wherein the superstitions of Antichrist , have been more especially exercised , as Bishops Palaces , Cathedrals , Monasteries , Priories , Deanes and Chapters houses , and such like places . God performes his promises , in these latter dayes , in a way of proportion and correspondency , with his former glorious workings for his people . Thus most expresly Hagg. 2. 5. its said , According as I covenanted with you when you came out of Egypt , so my spirit remaineth among you : where its plain that God engageth himselfe to them now when they were building of the Temple , according to his dealing with them when they were to be delivered out of Egypt . Thus in the Visions of the Prophet John , Antichrist is called Egypt ; and their waters are turned into blood , and that by the wittnesses , Rev. 11. 6. in correspondence with what God did by Moses , Exod. 7. 19. Israel in Egypt cryed Exod. 2. 23. and so do the souls under the Altar , Lord , Lord , how long , holy and true , dost thou not judge and revenge our blood , on them that dwell on the earth ? Rev. 6. 10. He drowned the Egyptians in the red Sea , Exod. 14. 27. and now hath his wayes , it may be Sea-fights , to drown his enemies , as it was in the years , 1588 , and 1639 , and at other times since : I shall conclude this position with that saying of the Prophet , Micah , 7. 15. where God promiseth to his Church his goodnesse in these words : According to the dayes of thy coming out of the Land of Egypt will ● shew unto him marvelous things . That the inflicting of judgement , on the adversaries of the Church , is subordinate to the performance of his promises to his people . The shaking vengeance on the Nations , is but to make way for the good of Gods people . Gods creatures are precious to him as he is their Creator ; and surely he would never destroy them , but in relation to a greater , farther and better good , then their destruction can be evil . This is plain in Isa . 10. 12. The visiting of the stout heart of the King of Assyria and the glory of his high looks , is in a way of inflicting judgement on him but it s brought in as subservient to the performing of his whole work on Mount Sion : that was the maine thing driven at . That the time of fulfilling prophesies and promises , and working great turnes , is at or before the coming of Christ . Thus in Hag. 2. 6. I will shake the heaven , when is that ? it follows immediatly ; The desire of all Nations shall come : The coming of Christ in the flesh , was eminently the fulfilling of many prophesies and promises , as you may read in the constant course of the Gospel : His coming then likewise produced great turnes and changes , Mat. 2. 3. Herod the King was troubled and all Jerusalem with him : 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Herod and Jerusalem , the King and all the people , are troubled . He troubles the chiefe Priests , and Pharisees , and Counsels , John , 11. 47. what doe we doe ? This man doth many Miracles . And when Christ shall come again , you shall have more turnes . All the promises are in him and for him ; no marvel then if their performances , and his appearance come together . The down-fall of the Man of sin is the making good of many promises , but that is said to be by the brigh●nesse of his coming . 2 Thess . 2. 8. Then shall that wicked one be revealed , whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth , and shall destroy with the brightnesse of his coming . Chap. III. Shewing the meaning , Doctrines and Method of Hag. 2. 6 , 7. Hag. 2. 6 , 7. Thus saith the Lord of Hosts , Yet once , and it is a little while and I will shake the heavens , and the earth , and the sea and the dry-land . 7. And I will shake all Nations , ●and the desire of all Nations shall come ; and I will fill this house with glory , saith the Lord of Hosts . Heb. 12. 26 , 27. Whose voyce then shooke the earth : but now he hath promised saying , Yet once more I shake not the earth onely , but also Heaven . 27. And this word yet once more , signifieth the removing of ●hings that are shaken , as of things that are made , that those things which cannot be shaken may remain . HAving laid down these eight propositions in general , we shall now pitch down on this Scripture to which all these propositions give light . Here in these words of the Prophet Haggai , you have a prophesie by way of a promise ; God foretells by his servant Haggai what shall come to passe ; namely great turnes and changes , and withal engageth about them , by way of a promise that he will effect them , I will shake ; and that 's your fi●st rule . He calls the Church-state under the Go●p●l by the name of a Temple and an house , which is the language of the Old Testament , to speak out Gods way of worship ; but here , it hath a farther extent , even unto Gospel-worship , and administrations , and that is according to the second Prop. Shaking of heaven and earth doth not onely meane the commotion in these natural bodies , and the alterations therein ; but also these words hold out , the change in the great Political bodies of Church and State ; and so according to the third proposition are to be taken in the largest extent . Again , observe this promise and prophesie of Haggai receives ( according to what is laid down in the fourth proposition ) sundry degrees of fulfilling . It was truly performed when Christ was born into the world ; then Angels and Men , Heaven and Earth were moved ; but this is not all ; for the Author to the Hebrews tells us of another shaking at another coming of Christ when we shall receive a Kingdome that cannot be moved , Heb. 12. 26. Besides when the Prophet Haggai names the Temple and the House , he meanes all the frame of worship , and not barely the Fabrick and building that was reared up . When he names Zorobabel and Joshua , he meanes not onely those two particular persons , but all governours , and deliverers of Gods people , in several places and ages are included , which is the direction that the fifth proposition gives us . Moreover the great and glorious alterations that God will make in these last dayes , is here expressed by a phrase relating to Gods wonderful dealing with his people Israel ▪ we finde Exod. 19. 18. at the appearance of God on Mount Sinai , it s said the wh●le mount quaked greatly ; and when God appears to make these turnes , he is said by the Prophet here to shake heaven and earth , which agrees fully with the sixth proposition . The shaking of all Nations here , what doth it meane else but the execution of vengeance on the Nations ? thus plainly in v. 21. 22. of this 2. Chap. where the shaking of heaven and ear●h is repeated . v. 21. and expounded v. 22. by this phrase , I will overthrow the throne of Kingdomes , and I will destroy the strength of the Kingdomes of the Heathen ; but for what end ? v. 23. It was to exalt Zorobabel to be as a Signet ; it was to make way for his Churches good , which was the lesson taught in the eight proposition . Lastly , the time of these great turnes is plainly expressed to be at the coming of Christ : Christ is yet to come in the judgement of all , one way or another , and all his comings produce notable changes , as the eight proposition shewed . And thus having brought down what was spoken in general , in the propositions , to this particular prophesie of Haggai ; I shall onely adde one word about the coherence of these two verses , with the former part of the Chapter , and then descend to the explication of the words . It 's plain , v. 2. and 3. that Zorobabel , Joshua and the people were under discouragement about building of the Temple : we build a Temple ( say they ) but what is it ? a poor meane frame : Solomons Temple was a stately Edifice , but this is nothing to that : were it not better for us to give over , then to goe forward with such a work ? Now in the fourth and fifth verse , God calls upon them : 1. To be strong ; be strong , be strong . 2. To worke and not give over . 3. To be confident and not feare . Now the Arguments are three . 1. I am with you , v. four . 2. My Spirit shall remain among you , v. five . 3. I will shake Heaven and earth for you , and the desire of all Nations shall come and fill this house with glory , v. 6. & 7. So then these words are brought in as an argument to take off their feare , and render them confident , to strengthen them in the work God called them unto : Thus they cohere with the former words ; let us now proceed to explication of them : we shall begin with those words . Thus sayth the Lord of Hosts . Thus sayth ] The Hebrew word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 translated Sayeth , it denotes in Scripture phrase five things . 1. To declare the minde by speaking . Dixit ▪ 1. locu●us est : to expresse our thoughts or motions of heart by words : so Gen. 20. 5. speaking of Sarah , she , even she her selfe said 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he is my Brother , that is , she uttered so much in speech or words that another might understand ; and thus God spake by his Prophet . 2. It 's put to hold out a speaking before hand what shall come to passe afterward , Dixit 1. prophetavit . He said , that is , he prophesied ; and a word so spoken is a prophetical word : thus Gen. 41. 54. the seven yeares of dearth began according as Joseph had said . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dixerat : that is according as he had prophesied . 3. It signifies a speaking to ones selfe , a speaking in a way of thought , or meditation . Dixit 1. cogitavit . He saith , that is , he thought , he sayth in himselfe : Our thoughts are our communication with our selves ; when we are serious in meditation of our own hearts , or wayes , we are said to return to our hearts , and to speak in our hearts : thus 2 Sam. 21. 16. Goliah the Giant thought to kill David ; the word is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 et dicebat percutere . He said he would kill him , that is , he spake so to himselfe , it was the language of his thoughts . 4. To say is to speak with authority , to speak by way of command : Dixit 1. imperavit . He said , that is as much as he commanded ; so Jonah 2. 11. The Lord spake to the Fish , that is , he commanded it . 5. And lastly , to speake is not barely to declare ones minde , to think , or to command ; but it holds out such a speaking wherein the speaker engageth himselfe ; dixit , 1. promisit : he said , that is , he promised it , and so it 's taken here : Thus saith the Lord of hosts , that is , Thus promiseth the Lord of Hosts ; that phrase viz. the Lord of Hosts ; we shall not open here ; onely now draw these 2. Observations . That the Lord in all ages , dispenseth himselfe to his people by way of a promise : so here . That when his people are under discouragement and feare , he strengthens them by holding forth himselfe to be the Lord of Hosts . I will shake . I : 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . I Jehovah , who have my being of my selfe , and give being to my word of promise : I , who have all creatures and times in my power and disposal , I , even I , will shake . All refer this shaking to God , but some refer this to God in the person of the Father , as Hierom. & G●o●g . Eden , and so they make the meaning to be , I that am the Father of Jesus Chris● , and in him your Father , and the Father of mercies , I will shake the Heavens . But the Author to the Hebrews refers it to Christ , and so I , that is , I that am Emanuel , King of Kings , and Lord of Lords , who was dead , but am alive , and now live for evermore , I , who am the brightnesse of my Fathers glory , and the expresse image of his person , who have seven eyes and seven hornes , all-seeing ▪ and all-working power ; I that have made and hold up the pillars of the world , I will shake . The Author to the Hebrews adds an expression , shewing that this shaking was done suddainly , and with ease . It s but a word speaking , it s but saving , Let Heaven and Earth be shaken , and it shall be shaken ; as once he said , Let there be an Heaven and an earth , and it was so . Whose voice then shook the earth . The word voice is applyed to things Natural , as Rev. 6. 1. The voice of Thunder . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Artificial , Mat 124. 31. The voice of a Trumpet , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Rational , 2 Pet. 2 16. The voice of a Man , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Supernatural , as here , His voice , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . His voice . That is , the voice of Jesus the Mediator of the new Covenant , whose blood speaks better things then that of Abel ; His voyce , who speaks from Heaven , His voyce shook . Will shake 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Jun. translates it , Ego commoturus sum , I am about to shake . Shaking signifies a violent Motion , a Motion differing from the common Motion : 1. As when the wind is in the bowels of the earth , and in its breaking forth makes the earth for to tremble . Terrae motus , that is called shaking , Isa . 13. 13. The earth shal move out of his place . 2. Or as the wind shakes the corn to and fro , or the fruit upon the trees , somtimes this way , then the contrary way , which is not the natural motion of the corne or fruit , but as it s forced by the wind , Psalme 72. 16. His fruit shall shake like Libanus . 3. Or as the motion of an Army , Isa . 30. 32. In battels of shaking will he fight with it . This shaking in Heb. 12. is expressed by two words . The first 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 proprie de sale vi ventorum agitato ; it signifies properly to shake as the Sea is shaken with a mighty wind , when the wind gets into the bowels of the Sea. The other word is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , such a kind of shaking as tears and rends in pieces ; and so this phrase expresseth tearing turns , and rending changes which shall befall the Nations . So then shaking contains 1. A change and alteration . 2 Such as is accompanied with annihilation , or bringing of things to nothing . 3. Annihilation in a way to execute justice . 4. It denotes sometime also alteration from bad to good , from good to better . Shaking in a way of mercy , or at least bringing good out of evil ; So here its shaking by way of a promise . Take hence these five Observations . 1. The nature of things here are liable to change . God only is immutable . 2. That the changes below are and may be Suddain , Violent , & Strange . 3. That yet they are righteous , and shall be gracious to Gods people . 4. That Jesus Christ himselfe hath the highest hand in these changes . 5. That in these changes he shewes himselfe the Lord of Hosts . The Heaven and Earth . These four words , Heaven , Earth , Sea and Dry Land , are taken two wayes . Grammatically , Rhethorically . 1. Grammatically for such things in Nature as the letters of the words do import , as the Earth for that part of the world which we tread on , and so the like of the rest . 2. They are taken Rhetorically , when by a fine manner of speaking , an elegancy of expression , they set forth some thing beside what they expresse in their Grammatical sense : both wayes agree to the text we are upon . Now observe in the Rhetorical way there is a double acceptation . 1. By a Metonymie of the subject for the adjunct , Continentis pro contento , when the thing containing is put for the thing contained . Heaven is put fo the inhabitants of heaven , and so Earth , Sea and Dry Land , put for those that dwell on the Earth , Sea , or Dry Land. 2. By a Metaphor or borrowed speech , because heaven is the highest , and in comparison of that , earth is the lowest body ; they are put to declare high and low things : a little more to open these words , observe . Heaven 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifies that part of the world which is opposite to the earth , from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 an adverbe of place ( as some think ) shewing the distance of heaven , as being most remote from the earth . We read of the first , second and third heaven . The first is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or an expance , that which is nearest the Earth , and turned round about it : thus we read of the windows of this heaven to be opened when the raine fell , Gen. 8. of birds flying in this Heaven , Deut. 4. The second Heaven is the place where the Stars are fixed , and so called the starry heaven . The third is the Seat of the blessed , Sedes Beatorum into which the Apostle Paul was wrapped , 2 Cor. 12. 2. And the Earth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that part of the world which is distinguished from heaven ; some derive it from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a word signifying to run , because beasts run upon it . It 's the place where men dwell , Gen. 18. 18. sometime it signifies one Country more then another , Gen. 41. 57. And all Countries came to Egypt because the famine was sore in all Lands . Sometime it signifies a feild ; but here I take it to denote a Continent , that part of the world that is distingusht from Seas and Islands , the Maine-land . The Sea 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 you have a plaine description of that given by Moses , Gen. 1. 10. its the gathering together of the waters . The dry Land 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Arida the dry Land , as distinct from Heaven , Earth and Seas : which I here take to be Islands , Lands in the midst of Sea ; dry Land , yet compassed about with water . From the words thus opened observe . Jesus Christ will make great changes in the natural bodyes of Heaven , Earth , Sea and dry Land : This ariseth from the words taken Grammatically . Jesus Christ will turne and change the inhabitants of Heaven and Earth and Sea and dry Land : Even Angels and men ; Men that dwell on the Continent , Islands and Seas , and this ariseth from the Rhetorical Metonymie , whereby the thing containing is put for the thing contained . Jesus Christ will make great changes in the heavens and earth , in the high and low things of Kingdomes and Peoples and Nations . Having thus taken the words asunder , and given you the meaning of them , and the observations from them , we will now put them together again , in this short form following . Hag. 2. 6 , 7 , 8. contains a prophetical promise , wherein observe The promise is propounded ▪ wherein consider 4 things . 1. The person promising The Lord , of Hosts , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2. The things promised , which are three 1. The shaking , twice repeated , set out by its object , The heavens . The earth . The seas . The dry land . The nations . All nations . 2. The comming of Christ , called the desire of Nations . All. 3. Of filling , set out by 1. What. This house . 2 With what , with Glory . 3. The persons to whom this promise is made Zorobabel Joshua All the people . This is taken from v. 4. 4. The time of performance , and that is , a Set time , once . Short time , Yet a little while . Time repeated , Yet once more . The promise is confirmed to our faith , by the repetition of the first words , Thus saith the Lord , at the end of vers . 7. CHAP. IIII. Shews how in the great turnes of Ages God dispenseth himselfe in the way of a Promise : for FIrst this holds out God as a Father . 2. This exalts the honour of Christ the Son. 3. This honours God in the person of the Spirit . 4. This makes notably for the security and improvement of Grace . 5. This confounds the men of the world . 6. This greatens our estate . Use of Instruction and Exhortation . You have heard the meaning of these words ( Thus saith the Lord ) that they hold out a promise , and that the Lords saying is not a bare expressing of a thing to be so or so ; but an expression with an engagement of himselfe ; it s a saying by way of a promise : Hence we shall begin with this observation . That the Lord in the great turnes and changes of all Ages , dispenseth himselfe by the way of promises . Thus he did to Adam in Paradise : Do this and live ; the like after his fall : The seed of the woman shall break the Serpents head . It was a great turne when all the world was drowned ; and then how doth God dispense himself ? he makes a Covenant with Noah , Gen. 9. 13. I will set my bow in the clouds , and it shall be a token of Covenant between me and the Earth . It was no small turne when Terah and others were grossly defiled by Idolatry , then for God to call Abraham out ; but how doth he doe it ? by making a Covenant with him , Gen. 17. 4. Behold my Covenant is with thee , and thou shalt be a father of many Nations . We are not ignorant what variety of changes Jacob had experience of ; but God supports him by his promise , Gen. 28. 15. Behold I am with thee , and will keep thee in all places whither thou goest . Gen. 46. 1. Israel takes his journey for Egypt , but v. 3. he hath this viaticum , this provision by the way , I am the God of thy Father ; fear not to go down to Egypt , for I will make of thee a great Nation : It was a great and mighty work to bring Israel out of Egypt , and behold then , Exod. 34 27 , 28. The Lord said to Moses ; Write these words ; for after the tenour of these words have I made a covenant with thee . Againe , in the time of the Judges , Josh . 1. 5. & of Kingly power , 2 Chron. 1. 9. In the time of the captivity under the King of Babylon , Jer. 25. 11 , 12. the like when they came out of captivity , Hag. 1. 8. In all these times God dispensed himselfe in way of a promise : So he doth in Gospel-times ; Acts 2. 39. The promises are to you and to your children . 1 Tim. 4. 8. Godlinesse is profitable for all things ( and so in all conditions ) and hath the promise of the life that now is , and that that is to come . The New Heavens and the New earth do certainly holdout the greatest alterations that ever shall be ; but this is by promise , 2 Pet. 3. 13. The demonstration of this we shall hold out in these six passages . This promising way holds out God as a Father in his glorious excellency of wisdome and Immensity . All creatures are measured by the present time ; but God in promising , shews he hath all times in his power ; creatures have onely the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , the present Now : but God is and was , and will be : Oh! the riches of his unspeakable mercy : the present time is a short moment , God cannot expresse his love to us in it sufficiently , nor are we in capacity to receive his love , and therefore he takes the time to come , and puts it into the promise , yea he takes eternity to doe it in . A promising way glorifies the power of God , Rom. 4. 21. Abraham was fully perswaded that what he had promised he was able also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to performe it : God doth not put you off with a promise because he is weak , but because he is able to performe : Be not troubled because you have not present possession ; for he is faithfull that promised , Heb. 10. 22. This promising way exalts the honour of Jesus Christ ; for all promises are made to him first , therefore he is called The Covenant , Isa . 42. 6. The promises center in him , and have firstly their performance in and to , and for him , 2 Cor. 1. 20. In him yea , and in him Amen . We are creatures at too great a distance from God ; he cannot firstly and immediatly deale with us , we are too low for that dealing , but he deals with Christ . We are all promised as a seed to him , Isa . 53. 10. to him is the everlasting Kingdome promised , and he waits till his enemies become his footstool , Psal . 110. 1. that is , his enemies shall be so far from prevailing against him , as that they shall be ( although they intend not so ) a meanes of making him ascend into his throne , as a man climbs into the throne by the footstoole ; the spirit is first on Him , and from him on us ; God is first his Father , then ours , first his God then ours , John 20. 17. I goe to my Father and your Father , to my God and your God. This honoureth God , in the person of the spirit who is called , Ephes . 1. 13. The holy Spirit of promise ; the reason is this ; because all promises carry in their nature , a reall application of that good which the promise holds out . Now applicationwork is proper unto God , in that person of the Spirit : God must have honour in this person , as well as in the person of the Father , or Son : Therefore in the last days , the spirit shall be poured out upon all flesh : This spirit shall appear to rule men more in Kingdoms and Governments , in matters of Peace and War , then ever yet our eyes have seen . This makes notably for the advantage of Gods people ; and that , 1. To render them in a secure estate : when our stock was in Adams hand , we lost all ; but now it s in Christs , and under a promise , its safe and secure , Rom. 4. 16. If our good estate did depend on any thing in Vs , it could not but be uncertain , because we are so ; but being of promise , of grace in him , and faith in us , it renders our state secure . 2. Promises from God draw forth performances from Vs : praemiis ducimur , we are led by rewards . 2. Cor. 7. 1. we must Cleanse , and cleanse thorowly , not from some , but all filthinesse , not onely of the flesh , but of the spirit ; and all on this ground , Having 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 these promises , we must not onely be holy and in the feare of God , but perfect holinesse still upon this ground , Having these promises : God will have it known , his people dare trust him , and fall to work upon a promise , although they have little in hand . It is that which commends the ingenuity of their obedience , that they work upon a promise . No marvel then if God dispence himselfe in that way which is so improving to his childrens grace . 5. This notably confounds the men of the world ; It s foolish to flesh and blood to live on a promise ; they live by sense , and not by faith , and therefore are carried on , and taken with present things . The whole Gospel is foolishnesse to them ; what are then the promises ? which are the Gospel of the Gospel . This way revolves things into the meer power , goodnesse and fidelity of God , which men of the world are strangers to ; this way of converse is too high for them ; they are brought in jeering at the promise , 2 Pet. 3. 4. Turne them to Corne and Wine , O! they are good , they have some rellish with their palates ; but as for the promises , they seeme dull , dry , flat things to them : Oh foolish worldlings , who are so full of the world , that they loath these honey combs , these great and precious promises . 6. Lastly , this greatens our estate , our reversions being more then all that we have in present possession ; yea it exceedingly hightens all that we doe now enjoy : when mercies come in a promise , they come dipped in the blood of Jesus , they luster with the light of Gods countenance , thus the sleep of a righteous man is better then that of other men ; because there is something of a love-token in it : He giveth his beloved sleep , Psal . 127. 2. God hath general wayes whereby he dispenseth himselfe as a faithful Creator ; a Sun for all , raine , clouds , winter , summer , seedtime and harvest for All : But still he reserves his bosome to his own , he remembers his Covenant for them , and besprinkles them with intimate loves . Yea in those favours which Gods people enjoy in common with the world , there are sweet intermixtures of special love , desirable interweavings of gracious favours . In times of great turnes , you will meet with great wants , want of counsel , activity , fidelity : you had therefore need of a promise to recourse to . It may be provisions may fall short , promises are rich storehouses : your dangers are as many as your wants ; where will you finde a rock of ages , but in the promises ? Turning times are difficult times , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 : Be not troubled as if some strange thing befel you , when you finde wants , difficulties and necessities arising : make not ●ad conclusions , give not all over for lost and gone ; say not , I have had these salvations and deliverances , but now I shall surely perish . No , no , God reserveth much in his own hand , much in the promises ; and to him and them , and them in him must you look . Consider how in all ages and great turnes , God withers the arme of flesh , blasteth the white blosome of the creature , so that it cannot help ; It s a Promise , a Promise must do you good ; that revolveth the work into Gods power , grace and goodnesse . Goe to the creatures you have loved , and been fond of , but they will prove vaine ; The stout-hearted are spoiled , they have slept their sleep , and all the men of might have not found their hand , Psal . 76. 5. How little can men doe , if they have no hands ? and as little , if they have hands and cannot finde them . The wise man shall not glory in his wisdome , nor the strong man in his strength , nor the honourable man in his dignity , but God will be exalted in his goodnesse . Have you not seen great houses without inhabitants , whole Townes and numerous Families cut off , Honour in the dust , and wise counsels turned into foolishnesse ? Oh! then learn now , learn experimentally to see the creatures vanity . Take notice Gods wayes are in the great deeps , and his footsteps are not known : because he acts not according to our counsels , or according to former praecedents , nor according to present advantages , as we doe , but according to his own gracious Will , according to his promise . Now God in his promise reserves times , and methods , measures and instruments , in his own hand . He will work now , not then or then , and not now ; so much , and no more , by these , and not by those ; he will sill by emptying , build by destroying ; we many times in our thoughts , limit the holy One of Israel , and methodize his ways , when alas we know them not : But Gods promise is as it were the limiting of himselfe ; and how glorious is that way , that doth measure him that is unmeasurable , bound him that is infinite ? but t is because its a measure & bound of his own making ; and so much for the use of Instruction . Now follows a word of Exhortation , To provoke you to search out the promises that concern the present age and times we live in . It s the commendation of some of the children of Issaker , That they had understanding of the times to know what Israel ought to doe , 1 Chron. 12. 32. Father Jacob , Gen. 49. 1. excit●s his sons to attend to his prophesies on this account , That I may tell you what shall be fall you in the last dayes . Isa . 2. 2. In the last dayes the mountaine of the Lords house shall be established on the top of the Mountains . Acts 2. 17. It shall come to passe in the last dayes ( sayth God ) that I will pour out my spirit on all flesh , and your sonnes and daughters shall prophesie . 2. Pet. 3. 3. There shall come in the last dayes Scoffers : Is it not glorious to behold what Gods people shall doe to other people in the last dayes ? Numb . 24. 5. Evil will befal in the last dayes , because you will doe evil in the sight of the Lord. Ezek. 38. 16. Speaking of Gog , it s prophesied , Thou shalt come up against my people of Israel as a cloud to cover the Land , it shall be in the last dayes . By this meanes we come to converse with God under a glorious title of Revealing secrets . The Angel Gabriel thought it a work befitting him , Dan. 10. 14. I am come to make thee understand what shall befal thy people in the latter dayes . Hos . 3. 5. They shall seek the Lord their God and David their King , and shall feare the Lord and his goodnesse in the latter dayes . Is it not a thing desirable to be conversing with the same Revelations that God gave to Christ , and Christ shewes unto his servants ? even things that must shortly come to passe , Rev. 1. 1. Oh that I might prevaile with you to study the Revelation more ; we run after Palmisters , Figure-casters , Astrologers to know things to come , which they cannot declare unto us , and in the mean season we neglect these precious declarations of God which would sweetly teach us : Now as motives to perswade you , consider , This renders you children of wisdome , wise to know the times : Gods promises are the best conclusions ; In them , we come to have notions of the times according to Gods thoughts . This shews a neern●sse of familiarity with God , Rev. 4. 1. Come hither ( its a friendly phrase ) an● I will shew thee things that must be hereafter . Freinds unbosome secrets one to another ; These secrets of the Lord are with them that feare him : By thus conversing with these Revelations we come to be immediatly in the Spirit , Rev. 4. 2. It s a blessed preservative against the infection of sin : Our mindes are apt to wanto●nesse , and giddinesse . Oh! but how doth the consideration of Jesus Christ set forth in his seven eyes and seven hornes , Rev. 5. 4. his providence , and his power , cut off this wanton giddinesse ? It s a great evil to backslide in heart . Oh! but eying these promises , keeps the minde intent on God : the minde thus set , sweetly invoaks the heart , and holds it to a re-ingagement of better behaviour . Formality is one of the great evils that besets us , which is , when we act on low grounds , common custome , and example , and with low spirits : Let these promises dwell richly in you , and you will be higher . We are never worse then when we are earthly-minded ; now nothing is so proper to work off that , as to be moulded by these Gospel-prophesies and promises . This is a way to advance your life of faith and love . God opens his bosome secrets in dearest love in these promises ; and this is mighty to cause a rebound of love in your souls : He gives you great and precious promises , and your faith receives them : Oh then ! let your faith work by love , and love by faith , and both be fixed on this blessed object of God in his promises : To live by faith , is to have faith acted in our present lives , and that according to the promises of the present age . To love is actually to close with God as the cheife and most sutable good , and this he appears to be in his promises . Behold here a proper course to Conquer difficulties , and discouragements : The best of Saints have their ebbings and damps , their heart-divisions , and heart-contractions . Turne , oh turne to the promises , and then it will be full Sea with you ; the light and heat there will easily expel your dumps and damps , and at once unite and enlarge you . I am sure you would be watchful and dutiful ; and I am sure also , that this trading with promises will keep you waking and working . Shall I minde you how apt you are to nod , to grow secure and carelesse ? and is it not from hence that you forget the promises of this latter age ? did you weight them well , you would finde how much work lyeth on you , and lyeth undone . It s a good thing to give thanks , to praise is pleasant and comely ; and doth there not lie a sweet hidden vertue in Gospel-promises to promote this work ? The Revelations of these latter times by the Prophet John , how is it interwoven with Saints praises , with Church-praises ? Rev. 4. 8 , 9 , 10 , 11. Thou art worthy to receive glory and honour , Rev. 7. 12. Blessing , Glory , and Wisdome , and Thanksgiving , and Honour , and Power , and Might , be unto our God for ever and ever , Rev. 11. 17. We give thanks to thee Lord God Almighty , which art and wast and art to come , because thou hast taken to thee thy great power , and hast reigned , Rev. 15. 3 , 4. They sing the song of Moses and of the Lamb , saying , Great and marvelous are thy works Lord God Almighty ; just and true are thy wayes O thou King of Saints : who shall not feare thee O Lord , and glorifie thy Name , Rev. 16. 5. Thou art righteous O Lord , who art and wast and shall be , because thou hast thus judged , Rev. 19. 1. Alleluja , Salvation , Glory and Honour and Power unto the Lord our God ; for true and righteous are his judgements . To conclude then , you must be a praysing people as well as a praying people ; converse more with God in his promises , and you cannot but be praysing of him . CHAP. V. Sheweth that Christ being about to performe his promises , causeth alterations in the Natural bodies of Heaven and Earth , which is thus demonstrated . FIrst , Christ hath given a being and constant course to Heaven and Earth . 2. He maintains that being . 3. The creatures thus made are at his beck . 4. It s his pleasure that sometime they should step aside from their ordinary constant course . 5. Christ governs this turning aside . 6. These Turns carry with them the nature of Signes . Four Reasons added and Uses . I will shake the Heavens and the Earth , the Sea and the dry Land : These words according as was laid down in Chapter three , being taken Grammatically and properly , they afford this observation That , When Christ is about to performe his prophetical promises , he causeth alteration in the bodies and natural courses of Heaven , Earth , Sea and dry Land. Heaven and Earth in their prime and litteral signification , hold out that great frame that God in the beginning formed out of nothing . Now in this great Fabricke are the alterations we speak of . I should not have pitched on this observation , but that I finde the holy Ghost in all the eminent turns to make some impression and mention this way . It was a great turne reduced all the world to eight persons ; but then you know the windows of Heaven were opened , and the fountains of the great deep broken up , and the raine was upon the Earth , Gen. 7. 12 , 13. To turne Israel out of Egyptian bondage was a great turne , and then the Red Sea must be dryed up , Exod. 14. 16. At the giving of the Law , Exod. 20. 8. there are thundrings and lightnings and the voyce of a Trumpet , and the mountain smoaking . Israels preservation in the Wildernesse was a whole continued series of Turnes , and then we read of a Pillar of cloud and a pillar of fire , Num. 14. 14. they had water out of the Rocke followed them , 1 Cor. 10. 4. and Mannah rained down , Exod. 16. 35. So in the New Testament at the birth of Christ there is a Star which is callep His , his Star in the East , Mat. 2. 2. At the death of Christ , Mat. 27. 51. The earth quakes and rocks rend , and the graves were opened . At the sending of the Spirit , Acts 2. 2. suddainly there came a sound from heaven as of a rushing mighty winde : and Acts 4. 31. When they had prayed the place was shaken . When Paul and Sylas must be delivered out of prison , Acts 16. 26. suddainly there was a great Earthquake . Now to cleare this observe , 1. Jesus Christ hath given a being and a constant course of operation to Heaven and Earth , Sea and dry Land. John 1. 3. All things were made by him , and without him was not any thing made that was made . Prov. 30. 4. He ascends up to Heaven and descends , he gathereth the winde in his fist , he binds the waters in a garment , and establisheth all the ends of the Earth . Psal . 104. 2. He covers himselfe with light , and layes the beames of his chambers in the waters ; He maketh clouds hit Chariots , and rides on the wings of the winde . Psal . 19. 4 , 5. He sets a Tabernacle for the Sun , and gives it a race to run . 2. Jesus Christ doth not onely give them a being , but also maintains what he hath given : gives them a constant course , and maintains them in it ; as men and Saints have their constant work to do , so likewise have other creatures , and Christ upholds them and their course too . Psal . 75. 3. I beare up the pillars of the earth . Heb. 1. 2 , 3. By him are the world 's made , and he upholds all things by the word of his power . Jer. 31. 35. He gives the Sun for a light by day , and the ordinances of the M●on and Stars for a light by night , & divideth the Sea when the waves thereof roare : and to shew their constancy of operation . Jer. 33. 20. there is mention made of the Covenant of the day and the Covenant of the night , which none can break . 3. These things thus made and maintained by him , are at his beck . He made three dayes together without a Sun , Gen. 1. by reflecting the element of fire downward ( as some say ) and made the nights by reversing it upward , Psal . 136. 6. Whatsoever he pleased , that did he in heaven & earth , in the sea & in the deep places : Heaven and Earth , Sea and deeps , are all at his pleasure . V. 7. He maketh the vapour to ascend , and lightnings for the raine ; he bringeth the winde out of his Treasuries . Psal . 147. 15. He sends his command forth , & his word runneth very swiftly . His word , his command is enough to make all run ; as he made all by his word , so by his word and will he governs all . Math. 8. 27. He rebukes the winde and the Sea , and they obey him : His rebuke and the creatures obedience fall in together . 4. It s his pleasure sometime that they should step aside from their ordinary course . The ordinary course of the Sun is to be running of his race . But Josh . 10. 12. Sun , stand thou still in Gibeon , and thou Moon in the vally of Ajalon . The ordinary course is for the heavens to give down raine ; but in Ahabs time 1 Kings 17. 1 there was neither dew nor raine . The ordinary course for the earth it is to bring forth corne and grasse for the food of man and beast ; but in Joseph's time , Gen. 41. 54. The dearth was in all Lands . 5. That Jesus governs them in all these turnings aside ; that is , he acts them , and orders them to his ends and interests ; and so there is a sweet harmony in their excentrical motion . When the Sun stood still in Joshua's time , it was that Israel might be avenged of the Amorites their enemies . The dearth was in all Lands , that so Joseph might be exalted , and Israel provided for . It raines , or raines not , that God might be honoured in the word of his Prophet Elijah the Tishbite . When God takes away the power of burning from the fire , it was that his servants the companions of Daniel should not be consumed , but walke in the midst of the fire and have no hurt , Dan. 3. 25. God will not onely shew his goodnesse to his people by the ordinary and common course of creatures , but sometime he makes them step aside out of their common course , to answer their prayers , and help them in their streights : and Now , in our dayes , though he workes not miracles , he works wonderful things , Miranda , though not Micacula . Though he worke not against the course of the creatures nature ; yet he alters it so , that it gives us cause to wonder : yea and withal in this way he brings vengeance on his and his peoples enemies . It 's light in Goshen , when darknesse is on all the Land of Egypt . Isa . 24. 20. The Earth reels too and fro like a Drunkard , and shall be removed like a Cottage ; The transgression thereof shall fall heavy upon it , and it shall fall and not rise again . 6. That these Turnes in Heaven and Earth thus ordered by Christ , carry with them the nature of signes . Luke 21. 21. There shall be Signes in the Sun , and in the Moon , and in the Stars ; and upon the earth distresse of Nations and perplexity , the Sea and the waves roaring . Acts 2. 19 I will shew wonders in heaven above 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and signes , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , in the earth beneath , blood and fire and vapour of smoak . A Signe is that which besides it selfe , introduceth some other thing into the understanding ; as when you see smoak , your understanding doth not terminate in the smoak , but riseth higher to think of some fire that causeth that smoak : So when you see these strange postures in these natural bodies , your minde resteth not barely in the contemplation of them , but your understanding looks on them as fore-runners of other things , that shall follow after . Now among signes , some are Rememorative , Demonstrative , Prognostical , Practical . Rememorative signes are such which call to minde things past , and so refresh the memory ; the Bow in the clouds tells us , God did destroy the world by water , though he will do so no more . Demonstrative signes are such which declare a thing present , as smoak is a signe of present fire , fire then burning . Prognostical signes are such as foretel in general things to come . Thus God may , and sometime doth , by these changes in these natural great bodies , signifie and foretel , that there shall be great turns , and changes , in the great bodies Politique of Kingdomes , and Common-wealths : but what these particular turnes shall be , and the several issues of them , the signes in heaven and earth cannot foretel ; for they are not practical signes . Practical signes are such as in their nature cause and produce those things whereof they are signes : but such signes the heavens and earth are not ; they do not in their nature cause the turnes of Nations , nor are the turnes of Nations their effects . Now whether this position do contribute any favourable aspect to judicial Astrologie , that we shall shew in the Appendix , joyned to this Treatise , and passe it by now : onely resolve this Question . Why doth Christ when he intends great turnes in States , make such changes in Heaven and Earth ? I answer in four Reasons . This is the beginning of Christ his taking to himselfe his great power , Rev. 11. 17. Christ hath all power on earth , as well as in heaven ; he is sovereigne Lord of all creatures , as well as King of Saints . Col. 1. He is the First borne of every creature , as well as head of the Church , and therefore he doth thus manifest himselfe . There be many fore-runners before the King comes ; reckon these among the least and lowest of Christs servants , yet surely what knees they have they bend to him . They are ready with their motion , and conjunctions to honour him , and in their language to tell you of his transcendent glory that is following . They are obedient , and step aside out of their ordinary way to let you know of their Lords drawing nigh . Christ could deal with Kingdomes and Nations without these Signes : But since he hath these creatures , he will make use of them ; yea and their extravagances shall do him good service . Men stop their eares at the voyce of the ordinary course of Heaven and Earth , and will not hear ; but when he turnes their courses into Signes and wonders , then they shall heare . By this meanes he speakes to all the World : when Christ himselfe speaks , it must be with a mighty voyce . We low creatures doe but mutter and whisper , and few there be that heare our voyce ; but when he speaks , heaven and earth , and all the world shall heare him . When he speakes by the word of his Gospel , every creature must hear , Mar. 16. 15. and his Apostles which were the Teachers , they must have the gift of tongues , and be able to speak the language of every Nation where they come , that so the Parthians , Medes and Elamites might heare as well as the Jewes . Their line is gone out into all the earth , Psal . 19. 4. Christ hath another way of speaking to all the world , namely by signes in heaven and earth ; those that will not hear his Gospel , yet will listen to their language . Signes have their voyce , as well as men , Exod. 4. 8. If they will not believe the voyce of the first signe . Turkes , Jewes , Heathens , Prophane persons , which regard not the sound of the Gospel ; yet will now be Auriti , quick of hearing : as Christ in his preaching spake , as one having authority ; So he speakes now , and commands attention . Prov. 18. 23. The poor useth intreaties , and its the poverty of Christs messengers that they come beseeching , and intreating ; but Christ himselfe speakes in a commanding way , to let all men know , bad as well as good , that he is about his worke , and his great work . Earthly men minde the earth , speak of it , account it their own ; and Christ will meet them there , and speake from , and by the Earth to them . This way of working Signes , mindes us , that the creatures are not in that state he intendes them ; By this change upon them , he hints unto us their re●●auration into the liberty of the sonnes of God , Rom. 8. 21. In their ordinary course while they serve those who do disservice to Christ , they groane , Rom. 8. 21. and to step out of this road to subserve Christ , it is a forerunner of their liberty . 'T is plaine God gave man dominion over the Fish of the Sea , and over the Fowls of the Aire , and over the Cattel , and over all the Earth , Gen. 1. 26. To man , that is true ; but to what man ? to man in what condition ? it was not given to finful man , but to man after Gods Image and likenesse , as it is in the same verse ; to man before his fall , to righteous man , to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to man made upright , as it is Eccles . 7. 29. Upright , according to the rule of his Creation ; not to wicked and ungodly man ; So that the prime end of all creatures service , is directed to righteous man , to man after Gods Image and likenesse : But to serve wicked and unrighteous man , is beside their prime end , and therefore according to their nature , they groane , that is , they are not pleased , because they obtain not their first end ; t is true they are not intelligent , and so they know it not ; but yet it s against the first Law of their creation : It s not fit they should know it ; for then it would grieve them , and they have not sinned ▪ and so have not let in greife upon themselves . The Mathematical Bee , and the Artificial Spider , make their combs , and houses , according to the rules of reason ; yet they know not what they do : So those creatures serve , but not according to their prime end , though they know it not ; yet God knowes it , and will right it , and by using of them in this extraordinary way , he tells us so , and would not suffer them thus to groane but that he knowes how to honour himselfe and restore them . By these Turnes and appearances in natural bodies Christ knowes how to draw forth spiritual actings in his people : Let it thunder , or lighten , though his people are assured of his love , and favour , and that they lie in his bosome ; yet they entertaine him in that his voyce with an awful feare and reverence ; that his mighty voyce makes them in a holy way to tremble , and yet to trust . When signes are in Heaven and Earth , Saints rest not in the admiration of what they see , or hear , but search into the blessed word of truth , for the meaning of those signes . Grace makes a servant to be divine in drudgery , and not to eat and drink but to Gods glory : So likewise not to see or heare the signes in heaven and earth , but to eye him that works in , and by them : If Heathens and Strangers heare their voyce , sure his own people and servants much more , and more to purpose . Others wonder at what they know not ; these know and wonder . Others are afraid , and troubled , these feare and believe , believe and waite , waite and pray . See hence the excellency of Christ : the Gospel glories to hold out that excellency , and Saints glory to see the reflection of it in the Gospel ; and heaven and earth here glory to trumpet it out : View this excellency . 1. In that he causeth these alterations in Heaven and Earth , and that exalts him . Men cannot make them , they cannot stop nor open the bottels of the clouds , or the windowes of heaven , but Christ can . They can neither raise nor cease the st●rme and tempest , but Christ can . 2. This tells you ; he that can do this , can do more ; he can make enemies become friends , and friends more friendly . He can change counsels and decrees , yea the thoughts and frames of our hearts . Laban came with a heart boy●ing in passion against Jacob , but God met him and suffered him not to hurt him . Ravens are greedy fowles , and devour their prey , and yet as greedy as they are , they must bring the prophet bread . It s a vaine thing to set against Christ , Job ▪ 9. 4. He is wise in heart and mighty in strength ; who hath hardned himselfe against him and hath prospered ? If heaven and earth cannot serve fully in their ordinary course , he will change their course and serve himselfe by that change . Exod. 14. 25. He takes off the Chariot wheeles and makes them drive heavily ; whereupon the Egyptians cry out , Let us flie from the face of Israel , for the Lord fighteth for them : you are surely much over matched , when you have heaven and earth , and the God of both against you . It s no hard thing to believe that the promises concerning this life should be performed , while we remember what he doth in Earth as well as Heaven : The meeke shall inherit the earth : and obedient ones shall eat the good things of the Land , Psal . 37. 11. Prov. 3. 16. Length of dayes are in Wisdomes right hand , and in her left hand riches and honour . Say not your enemies are many , mighty , crafty and malicious , and you are few , and weake , and how shall your tranquillity be ? Remember , Christ hath this power to change their strength into weaknesse , and your weaknesse into strength . Lastly , let it exhort you to these four things . 1. Consider Christ in all changes on the creatures ; and this will make natural Philosophy to become spiritual . Are there Ecclipses of the Sun , blazing Stars , Meteors , unusual Winds and Stormes , Haile , Snow , Thunder and Lightning ? Then let your souls mount up , in thoughts and feare of Christ ; while Astrologers are vexing their mindes with strained applications of these things , here you are taught whether to refer them ; Remember Christ in the dry years we have had , in the unusual high Tydes , and such like Occurences . 2. Feare before Christ more then men ; when they are angry , you are troubled ; when they frowne , you feare ; and is there not more cause to feare him that over-rules the constellations , turnes about the winds ? Jer. 5. 22. Fear you not me saith the Lord , and will ye not tremble at my person who have placed the sand for the bound of the Sea ? 3. Advance your faith to a great expectation , and the expectation of great things . A little faith will not suffice , when God speaks and workes ; we must be strong in faith if we will give glory to God , not considering the carnal reasons , examples , customes and experiences , which may be produced and pressed : but to goe on in our perswasion , that God which hath made Heaven and Earth , will compleat his work for his own and his Sons glory . 4. Surely Christ is to be exalted in praise , that can worke about turnes in natural things to be subservient unto spiritual : Signes in heaven and earth have an aspect to the performance of promises , and fulfilling of prophesies ; and we should be heavenly and spiritual Mathematicians and Astrologers to take the true motion and dimension of these things to the elevation of his Name , and our hearts to his praise . CHAP. VI. Shewes the change and the ministration of Angels in these Turnes : Thus , First Christ is head of Angels . 2. They must serve his Saints . 3. They serve in destruction of their enemies . 4. They must have apparent honour for this service . 5. They are in the visions , and so in the execution . 6. They have Kingdome-worke . 7. They and Saints are joyned together . 8. They are used in the last , which are the best dispensations . 9. Christ must have his Angels as well as the Dragon . Use of Instruction and Exhortation . Concerning Heaven and Earth taken properly you heard in the former Chapter : Look on heaven and earth now , as spoken by a figure , setting down the thing containing for the thing contained , and so heaven containing the Angels , is put for the Angels contained in heaven : but then the question will be , How are these Heavens shaken ? or plainly thus , How are these Angels in Heaven , said to be changed ? Angels are called Heavens , because they dwell there , Caeli quia caelicol● , Heavens because the inhabitants of heaven : thus Job 15. 15. The Heavens are not cleane in his sight , that is , the Angels of heaven are not cleane : Not , that they have any sin to pollute them ; but weighing them with him who is the holy , holy , holy One , they can beare no weight . Ne ipsi quidem caeli mundi sunt cum ipso collati , quantumvis a terrenis istis faecibus immunes . Beza : The heavens , although free from earthly dregs , are not cleare , compared with him : His eyes are more pure then to behold any iniquity ; his holinesse is himselfe , and so unmeasurable . The Angels though holy , yet is their holinesse by measure , their holinesse is limited , they are but creatures , though holy and heavenly creatures ; and compared with that infinite One , they are said not to be cleane : Job 4. 18. Behold he put no trust in his servants , and his Angels he charged with folly : Nullo modo conferenda est illorum justitia cum justitia Dei quae modis omnibus infinita est . Their righteousnesse is no way to be compared with his , which is altogether infinite : and this it may be is hinted in those latter words , In his sight . They are cleane indeed in our sight , and we can finde no impurity in them , but not so in his sight : Mat. 6. 20. Thy will be done in earth as it is in heaven , that is , by the Angels in heaven . Now how these heavens , these Angels may be said to be shaken is the great Question . We speake here of good Angels , whom we look on as confirmed in their state by Christ ; and how then are they shaken ? Philip Melanchthon who was called Germaniae Luscinia , Germanies Nightingale , referring this prophesie of Haggai to Christ his comming in the flesh , saith , Movit coelos , quia Deus assumpsit humanam Naturam : He shooke the heavens because God assumed humane nature ; and there is a certain truth in that , although the wordes carry more in them : It was a great shake of Heaven , when Christ who was higher then the heavens , took our nature on him . Carthusian referrs it to the appearance of Angels at the birth of Christ : Movet coelos quando cives coelestes apparuerunt hominibus concinnentes : Wh●n the Multitude of the heavenly hosts appeared p●aysing God and saying , Glory to God in 〈◊〉 highest , Luke 2. 13 , 14. Others refer it to the great admiration that even the Angels were in at the preaching of the Gospel , 1 Pet. 1. 12. which things ( namely the things o ▪ th● G●●pel ) the Angels desire to look into , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from a word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 incurvo me ut 〈◊〉 which signifies , I bow down my selfe that I may see , arguing an a●dency of affection , and the undergoing ( as it were ) some difficulty to obtain a Vision . They admired and looked , and ●he more they looked , the more they admired ; like those that could not satisfie themselves in what they liked and looked after . Now when God reveales New things to Angels , then in some regard they receive a change ; for they then know that which they knew not before , and in that reception of new Revelations may truly be said to be under some mutation or change . And who knowes , but God may reveale new things to them concerning the great workes which he is about to doe in the World ? Angels know some things , and much more then we , but not all : they know not so much but they may know more : Angels may grow in knowledge , as well as men ; and all growth is a change , a change from a l●sse quantity to a greater . Angels are Gods servants ; and his speaking to them , is his illigh●ning of them to know his will , and knowing to do it . Christ is said to shake the Angels in regard of that new employment he puts them to ; It is true Angels have a perfection : et quod perf●ctum est , non recipit mutationem in p●jus , saith Drusius , and that which is perfect receives not a change into a worse condition . So then though we ascribe a change to Angels , we make not their condition worse ; They ●ave a stable being , and so continue in their wisdome , strength and happinesse ; bu● yet are liable to change , in regard of their ministration , which may be applyed unto diverse things : Angeli sunt mutabiles quoad applicationem virtu●um ad diversa : Aquin. when that virtuous efficacious power which is in Angels , is applyed to things that are diverse one from another , and such things as have some opposition one against another in their nature ; the Angels themselves are said to be changed , because there is a change in the object , about which their power is conversant ; the object not being the same now , that formerly : as for example . It is a cleare truth they were alway ministring spirits for the good of those who be heires of salvation , Heb. 1. 14. But it hath been the condition of these heires , to differ little from servants , to be here lost , afflicted , persecuted , forsaken ; and in these cases , in this their low condition , Angels have served for their good : but surely their heavenly Father intends his sonnes and heires a better portion , a portion better then that of affliction and tribulation ; and that not in heaven onely , but somewhat better upon earth : when as it is Rev. 21. 1 , 2. The holy City the New Jerusalem shall be coming down from God out of heaven , prepared as a Bride adorned for her husband , when the Tabernacle of God shall be with men , and he shall be amongst them ; then Joy , Peace , Tru●h and Glory shall be unto them . Now while Angels are ministring to these heires , these Saints , thus changed in their condition : May not the ministration and Angels in regard of it , be said to be changed ? Mutatio convenit Angelis in quantum ●de novo applicantur ad aliquod ministerium : change agreeth to Angels so far forth as they are applyed to some ministration anew . It 's no derogation to good and holy Angels to attribute to them such a change as a new ministration inferrs ; When as the witnesses prophesied in sackcloth all the time of Antichrist his 1260 dayes and were slaine ; I question not , but the Angels were in all those dayes ministring spirits , for the good of these prophesying , dying witnesses : but when these witnesses shall have a resurrection , and ascention , and glory ; The spirit of life from God enters into them , Rev. 11. 11. They ascend up to heaven in a cloud , v. 12. Now I doe as little question but the Angels were ministring spirits for their good : but being there was so vast a distance of the condition of these witnesses , and so great a change , as from death to life , from slaughter to glory , from earth to heaven : pardon me if I conceive the Angels in this their administration to be shaken and changed . I shall say no more of this , but give you my farther thoughts in this following Observation . Jesus Christ in the great Turning Providences of the latter Age employes the ministration of Angels . It was so of Old , when Israel was delivered out of Egypt , Exod. 23. 20. Behold I will send an Angel before thee to keep thee in the way . The giving of the Law , was an eminent turne , but that was ordained by Angels , Gal. 5. 19. In the time of the Judges an Angel appeares to Gideon . Judg. 6. 12. And again to Manoah , Judg. 13. 2. About Ahabs time when Israel were become Idolatrous , and Ahaziah fel sicke , 2 Kings 1. 3. The Angel of the Lord spake to Elijah . After the Captivity , when the Temple was to be built , Zacharies prophesies are full of the apparitions of Angels , Zach. 1. 8. How great was the turne when Christ was to be borne ? and then Luke 1. 28. An Angel salutes Mary : and it was no small turne when he came to suffer , and then you finde Angels ministring . In the prophesies of the time after Christ , all the Visions are by Angels ; when the Easterne and Westerne Empires are destroyed . Rev. 8. 7 , 8. and 9. 11. The Angels sound the Trumpets . When the last plagues are to befal the Romish Antichrist , the Angels pour out the Vials : and when the Bride , the Lambs Wife is to be seen , then an Angel must shew it , Rev. 21. 9. Now to cleare this , observe . 1. Jesus Christ God-man is head of Angels . Col. 1. 16. They were all made by him , and for him ; and so they are called Michael's Angels , Rev. 12. 7. they are to serve and worship him , Heb. 1. 6. being all made subject to him , 1 Pet. 3. 22. They are his host , and he orders and commands them , Gen. 22. 1 , 2. Christ is the second Adam from heaven heavenly , and his host must be like himselfe , an heavenly host . Luke 2. 13. A multitude of the heavenly host were praysing God. Christ hath the great interest in Angels ; they are , first for him , and then for us . Angeli non sunt facti propter hominem principaliter , faith Aquinas : Angels are not made for man principally : They are indeed made for us , but more for Christ ; for us subordinatly , for Christ principally , who must be ●i●st served . When he was in his state of abasement , he said he could pray to the Father , and he would send him more then twelve Legions of Angels ; and hereafter when he shall come forth in state , thousand thousands shall minister unto him , and ten thousand times ten thousand shall stand before him : when he shall be revealed from heaven with the Angels of his power , 2 Thess . 1. 7. Mark the power that Angels have ; it s his power , and they being so great a body , he must have preeminence above them . Angels are to serve Christ , not in his person alone , but in his Saints , his members also . Heb. 1. 14. They are spirits , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , immaterial substances , and ministering spirits , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , serving in a publicke way ▪ sent forth as the Apostles were sent forth , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by an immediate Commission from Christ , To minister 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , to be heavenly Deacons for their sakes who shall be heirs of salvation . Psal . 91. 11. He shall give his Angels charge over thee ; which is extendible to the Members of Christ , as well as to Christ himselfe : Angels have charge of them , from and under him . Psal . 34. 7. The Angel of the Lord encampeth round about them that feare him and delivereth them . When Jacob is on his way , the Angels of God met him , Gen. 32. 1. When Daniel is in the Lyons Den , God sends his Angel to shut the Lyons mouths , Dan. 6. 12. When Peter is in prison , an Angel delivers him , Acts 12. 8. and though Lazarus dye a beggar , yet shall he be carried by Angels into Abrahams bosome , Luke 16. 22. Angels are to serve Christ , and his Saints in the destruction of their enemies . 2 Kings 19. 35. That night the Angel smote in the Campe of the Assyrians 185000. And proud Herod , Acts 12. 32. cannot escape the smiting of an Angel. God smote Sodome and Egypt by Angels : Gen. 19. 3. and Exod. 12. 29. The Prophet John tells us of spiritual Egypt and Sodome ; and that they shall be destroyed : and who knowes , but God may employ these his servants in their destruction ? Rev. 12. 7. Michael fights and his Angels too ; we are sure Antichrist shall be destroyed by the brightnesse of Christs coming ; and surely when he shall come , he will come attended , and without all doubt his attendance shall doe their service to , and for him , for him and his . Angels are to have a more apparent demonstration and honour of , and for their service , to Christ and his World then ever yet they have had . Angels are one of the highest ranks of creatures , Psal 103. 20. They are said to excel in strength , Psal . 104. 4. To be spirits and flames of fire : and undoubtedly they doe , and have done a notable deale of service for God. Psal . 103. 21. They are said to doe his pleasure , that which is fully according to his will , and wherein he is delighted . Now how little glory hath God had from the creation , and administration of Angels ? and againe how little glory have men returned to Angels ? They are creatures in Gods hand , whereby he doth much for us ; but how little doe we own them ? Now surely God will finde a time to glorifie himselfe more , and a time wherein we Men shall glorifie Angels more ; not in that excesse and superstition that Papists doe ; but according to his will and their workings . Jesus Christ will have his providences correspond with his Prophesies and Promises : and therefore as Angels are still brought in in the Visions of John ; so they shall be drawn forth in the execution : and Angels sound the Trumpets , as you heard , Rev. 8. cry ; Babylon is fallen , fallen . Rev. 14. 8. pour out the Vials , Rev. 16. that is , there is the ministration of Angels with that of the Saints ; Waldus , John Hus , Hierom of Prague , Wickliffe , Luther , Cal●in , and other precious Saints and Martyrs cry Babylon down , and fill up the Vials ; and do not Angels too in their way ? doe they not joyne with them ? Yes sure , and delight in the worke , because its Christ his worke and will. Jesus Christ in setting up his Kingdome among the Jewes used Angels to speak , Heb. 2. 2. and in pulling down Antichrists Kingdome , and setting up his own , he will use Angels again . We read that Angels have worke deputed to them concerning Kingdomes , Dan. 10. 13. The Prince of the Kingdome of Persia , is by Mr. Hugh Broughton expounded to be an Angel : Angels are the first Princes in comparison of the Rulers of the earth ( saith he . ) When whole Sodome and Gomorrah must be destroyed , Gen. 19. ● . there be two Angels to do it . When God hath a Harvest , the Angels must be the Reapers and put in their Sickles . When the Nation of the Assyrians is to be destroyed , it must be by an Angel. When a National Pestilence is to come upon Israel , 2 Sam. 24. 16 , 17. we read of an Angel stretching out his hand : and truly when God hath great and general work to be done speedily , and together , I am apt to believe , that in such workings he hath , and doth , and will , use the ministrations of Angels . Not that he needs them , or could not do without them , but because he hath made them , and bath them by him , he loves to make use of his own workmanship . Angels and Saints shall be joyned together hereafter to make up the great Congregation , and therefore Christ will joyne them in the worke here . Heb. 12. 22 , 23. The inumerable Company of Angels , and the general Church of the First borne are joyned together : It s Christ his method to begin things here , which he will compleat hereafter . Saints shall have Grace now , which shall be turned into Glory hereafter : Great things are vailed now , which shall be unvailed hereafter : Christ himselfe was here 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the forme of a servant , but he shall appear Lord of life and glory : Now we are the sonnes of God , 1 John 3. 2. but it doth not appeare what we shall be . Now Saints and Angels are joyned together in the interest of Christ , which shall notably appeare hereafter . Christ his last dispensations are his greatest , and so he will make use of his most glorious instruments . 1. His infinite Wisdome is working all the disorders of the world , to his own glory ; and so acts by such creatures as are the wisest and fullest of understanding : we poor creatures act too much by sense , example and custome , when Reason is against us : Angels not so . 2. Now he takes unto him his power , his great power , his ruling power , and so brings in his servants , which have most strength and power in them , such as are the Angels , Angeli moventur secundum totam vi●● suam in id quod agunt ; which are moved according to their whole force , on that object on which they act . 3. He is now upon the more immediate administration of his Saints , and his world , and therefore calls forth his servants which have the most immediate being from him ; Angeli sunt creati à Deo immediate . 4. Christ is now to shew forth his unchangeablenesse ; that although he have suffered his Spouse to lie among the pots , and to be tossed from condition to condition ; yet he will carry her through all these tosses to a settled unchangeable state , and so sets to worke his servants that have the most uncorruptible being . Satan hath his Angels to worke by , Rev. 12. 9. which are cast out with him into the earth : turne to the seventh verse of that Chapter , and you shall finde Michael and his Angels fought against the Dragon and his Angels . Heb. 1. 7. He made his Angels spirits : Satan shall not do so much hurt by his servants , as Christ will do good by his : Satan imitates Christ , and so hath his Angels , as Christ hath his ; he followes him not out of love , or liking to him , but knowing his wisdome and prevalency . Christ and his Angels shall appeare indeed , not onely fighting , but casting down : As Christ will Conquer by his Saints , so by his Angels also : Conquer he must , not onely in his own person , but in the person of all his servants , both Angels and Saints . You speak of Angels , and their Ministry : I but , little or nothing appears ; how doth it appeare they are working ? The operations of Angels are not immaginary but reall , although not exposed to sense ; their actings were not so glorious if they should , fall under our senses . 2. Let us consider our weaknesse and sinfulnesse , and that will tell us , how unfit we are for their appearance ; they trembled of Old , when the Law was given by them , and we would tremble if they should now appeare ; for Omnis apparentia Angeli in principio est cum terrore , all appearance of Angels at first , is with some terrour . 3. But yet if you weigh things in a Sanctuary Ballance , you will finde such actings and workings as faith can rise up unto , although sense cannot . And when God will worke more of his great works by them , then he will highthen our faith to apprehend them more . Doth Christ in these great turnes use the ministration of Angels ? then surely he himselfe is far above them : the Lord is above the servant , and he to whom the administration is , is above them that minister : above them then he is , and above them in these turnes ; for Heb. 1. 2. He is said to make the worlds , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , secula , the several ages of the world . Mr. Dixon in his Commentary on the place , saith , he callet● it the worlds for the variety of times and ages , and fleeces of the creatures one succeeding another . You wrong Jesus Christ if you converse not with him in all these inferiour motions : he is the primum mobile , the first mover , and other things move after him . The whole first Chapter to the Hebrews sets forth the excellency of Christ far above that of Angels ; which here I shall give you a briefe account of . Take notice How he gives the full due to Angels , the full due of their glory : It s granted they are the sonnes of God , as Ad●m is said to be , Luke 3. 38. in that they had their immediate being from him , and accordinly sang unto him and sh●uted for joy . Job . 38. 7. They have an excellent name , which implyes an excellent nature : Names are put to expresse the natures of things , and excellent names , to excellent things , among which Angels are to be rank●d . Th●y are His Angels , of him , and for him , and therefore excellent . They are spirits , having a simple unc●mpounded being , and therefore an excellent being : They are as flames of fire , of lightning , that speedily execute his will , ministring spirits as v. 14. But now Jesus Christ hath by inheritance obtained a far more excellent name then they : they are made very good , but he is made far better . He is so a Son as they are not ; a Son by way of eminency ; he is a Son and first b●gotten , which they are not . He is appointed heir of all things , which the Angels are not ; but even they are part of his possession , given to be his servants . He is the brightnesse of the Fathers glory ; so are not Angels : Angels hold forth much of God , but they are not the Character of his Person as Christ is : They are used in the government of this world ; but he upholds all things by the word of his power . Truth it is , they do much service , and do it cheerfully and vigorously ; but they can never do that service that Christ doth . He by himselfe purged our sin , which is a worke too great for them : he takes his place where they cannot ; they may stand about the Throne , and waite the pleasure of God ; but he sits down at the right hand of his glory . He is God , and they are but ●●eatures , and owe him for their being , v. 7. as do the Heaven and Earth , v. 10. In regard of his humane nature , He hath the oyl of gladnesse above his fellows : and so loves righteousnesse , and hates iniquity more then Angels . He hath a Throne , and that for ever ; and its honour enough for Angels to waite about it . Many are the enemies of this Throne and Kingdome , but God will make them his footstoole . Thus you see Angels are but Ministers , although glorious Ministers : Christ is more glorious then they . Let me adde one word more to exhort you . 1. To draw your eyes to behold these glorious workes ; It s a curious study to search into Gods providences ; he imprints much of himselfe upon them , and that by his choice servants , his Angels . 2. Let no discouragement seize upon you as to the Times , Measures , Methods , Instruments of these things . God hath his own houshold servants , which he can and will imploy at his pleasure . 3. And shall not this afford some elevation of your hearts in love to God , when he doth on your behalfe , imploy his best attendance ? 4. Lastly , let it mightily provoke all the servants of God , his precious Worthies to come forth , and goe on , in the service of these latter times : It s no worse businesse you are called forth unto , then Christ puts his Angels about . Oh! then let not your hands hang down , nor your knees be feeble . Study what worke is put into your hands , and do it with all your might . Are you called to counsel , or to act ? at home or abroad ? by Sea or by Land ? Oh! lift up your heads , and rejoyce , that God hath counted you worthy to be under-powers in these transactions : value it as your happinesse to have been in his hand : Let not the thoughts of danger , or difficulty discourage you ; you are about Angels worke , and you should have Angels spirits ; you have their help , and you shall have a reward not inferiour to their condition . I should now according to the opening of the words , as we have spoken of the inhabitants of heaven and their shaking ; so proceed to shew the shaking of the Inhabitants of that part of the earth that is called a Continent ; as also the shaking of the inhabitants of the Sea , and the inhabitants of Islands ; but these things I shall not handle now , but hasten to what I intend in this Book . CHAP. VII . Opens the shake of Kings and Princes ▪ because , 1. They make the great turns in the Earth . 2. They pretend exemption from mans power . 3. Dealing with them is a compendious way of dealing with the Nations . 4. Being decked with worldly glory , they seem to be Christs match . Vses of Instruction and Exhortation . HEaven as you heard Cháp . 3 , denotes by a Metaphor the highest things . Thus when the Prophet Moses speaks of the high walls of a City D●ut . 1. 28. He tells them of a City walled up to heaven : It is the language of the Prophets , to compare a Kingdome to a World ; and what is highest in a Kingdome , to what is highest in the World. Satan is called , 2 Cor. 4. 4. The god of this World , and when he was in the highest of his ●ff●ctual working in the children of disobedience : when he wrought so in them , that they exalted him as a God , by worshipping of him ; when he had his heathenish Priests , Altars , Sacrifices , Feast-dayes , in the time of the Emperours : as Jehovah God had his among his people Israel ; then is Satan said to be in Heaven : because in so great hight in the World. Rev. 12. 7 , 8. The Dragon is said to be in heaven , in regard that he was exalted and observed as a God : But when his Tempels , Idols and Altars were demolished ; he is there , and then said to be cast out of heaven . The heathenish Kings and Princes that were most forward and shining in this hellish heaven , are called Stars . Isa . 61. 15 , 16. When God brings Israel out of Egypt , which he did by dividing the red Sea , v. 15. when he makes them a people distinct and separate from the Egyptians , none in-bodyed with them , he made ●hem eminently his Sion and people , v. 16. This his work is expressed by two phrases . Planting Heavens , and laying the foundation of the Earth ; that is , he will make them a Common-wealth , a Kingdome , a World Politique . Isa . 65. 17 , 18. When Jehovah erects Jerusalem a rejoycing , and her people a joy ; which shall be in the latter age of the world ; it s said , 17. Behold I create a new Heaven and a new Earth . In like manner , when the high or low things of a Nation are destroyed ; it is expressed by the destruction of the high or low things of the World. Isa . 34. 4. speaking of the destruction of Jerusalem , he saith , All the host of heaven shall be disolved , that is all those high things of Jerusalem shall be laid low ; so the destruction of Samaria , Hos . 10. 8. and so here I will shake the Heavens , that is , I will s●ake the high things and persons of Kingdomes , Nations and Common-wealths : Note then , Jesus Christ will shake the Kings , Princes , Nobles and glorious ones of the World , Isa . 34 5. When the sword comes down on the people of his curse to judgement , it s said The Heavens shall be rowled together like a scr●wle , that is , the most high things or persons shall be contracted , confused , covered with shame , discoloured , scattered , consumed as a leafe from the tree . Daniel speaking of the Tyrant Antiochus Epiphanes , and what he should do against the people of Israel , Dan. 8. 10. its said , It waxed great against the host of Heaven , and it cast some of the host and the Stars to the ground : So will Christ do with the high and mighty ones of the Earth : He is the watcher and the holy One that numbers and weighs Kingdomes , Dan. 4. 13. and 5. 26. They think themselves exempt from mans scrutiny ; are they therefore from Gods ? They make their nest in the Stars , and say in their hearts , Who shall plucke them down ? shall not Christ ? Let us see what grounds conclude us into this principle , that Christ will thus deale with them . These are the men that make the turns on Earth ; therefore Christ will shake them . Let them be as Lucifer , sons of the morning , on the rising hand ; yet he will overturne them that make these turnes . Isa . 14. 12 , 13. It s spoken of Babylon ; How art thou cut down that didst weaken the Nations ? Verse 16. Is this the man that made the Earth to tremble , that did shake kingdomes ? verse 17. That made the world as a Wildernesse , and destroyed the Cities thereof , that open'd not the house of his prisoner ? Take notice of five passages there , 1. They change governments , and Christ will change them ; They shake the Kingdomes , v. 16. and Christ will shake them . 2. They weaken the Nations , v. 12. and Christ will weaken them . 3. They destroy Cities and make the world as a Wildernesse , v. 17. for their lust and pleasure , and God will destroy them and leave their habitations desolate . 4. They hold the people in a flavish feare ; They v. 16. make the earth to tremble . Christ will amaze and terrifie them . 5. They did not let the prisoner loose homeward , v. 17. Christ will imprison them at home , and make his people insult over them . Is this the man ? or these the Kings that made the earth to tremble ? that did Tyrant it over my people , that took them prisoners , and k●pt them prisoners ? for their sakes I will arise . They pretend to be exempt from mans power . Mr. Hugh Broughton observes from Nebuchadnezzar his golden Image , that Christ in profane eyes is a base stone , and heathen Kings goodly mettal . Who is the Lord ? was Pharaohs proud question , that I should obey his voyce ? and it was as wicked a conclusion of his , I know not the Lord , neither will I let Israel go . What infectious acclamation was that which flye-blowed Herod ? Acts 12. 12. The vo●ce of God and not of man ; and is it not now grown into a position Qui summum in civitate imperium habet , quicquid is fecerit impune ●sse . Whosoever hath the supreame power , whatsoever he doth , is not to be punished . Now it s most proper for Christ to deale with them , to shake them thorowly , whom men either dare not , cannot , or will not meddle with . Dealing with them , is a compendious way of dealing with the Nations they relate unto ; the ready way to shake Nations is to shake their Kings : They are the Shepherds ; and if you strike them , the sheepe will be scattered : when God was angry with Israel , the ready way was to move David against them , 2 Sam. 24. 1. Thou art worth ten thousand of us , 2 Sam. 18. 5. Kings are the light of their people ; the way to darken them , is to put out their light , Lam. 4. 20. people breath much in their Kings ; stop his breath , and you stop theirs . They are decked with all worldly pompe and glory ; and therefore in the judgement of flesh and blood , the fittest match for Christ . Eccl. 2. 8. I gat me Silver and Gold , the peculiar Treasures of Kings . I gat me Men-singers and Maid-singers , the delight of the sonnes of men . Psal . 82. 6. Ye are Gods , and all of you the children of the most high . Acts 25. 23. King Agrippa comes with great pompe : and Nebuchadnezzar , Dan. 5. 19. Whom he would he slew , and whom he would he kept alive ; whom he would he set up , or plucked down ; their excellent majesty dazles us poor low ones , Dan. 4. 36. But it s not so with Christ who comes against these Goliahs , these Champions , and Cheiftains of the world , and tumbles them down . First , will Christ shake Kings and Princes ? then let us see , a meanesse in their majesty , and lownesse in their highnesse . They are above other men , but under Christ ; others account to them , and they must account to him . Sensual men see nothing in them but pompe and power ; but men that live by faith , and weigh them in the ballance of the Sanctuary , see Christ shaking of them , see them falling down and Christ mounting up : Christ alone is Rex Catholicus , the Catholique King , to whom that King that assumes that name , and all others must be accomptable . 2. Learne also that management of particular places and powers , must be reckoned for : when Christ comes to shake them , he shakes them not considered simply as Men ; but as men in Office , as men dignified with place and power , as Kings and Princes . Oh! how great will that day and worke be , when the Emperour must answer for his Provinces , and the extreame cruelty and oppression of the Protestant party ! what a hideous cry of blood in so many years War will be heard against him , when Germanies teares and desolations shall be turned into a vial of wrath upon him ! How much hath the King of Spain to answer for the blood of Indians , and English in the West-India ? All his golden Mines will never be so sweet , as the vengeance will be bitter . Let his cursed cruel Inquisition be as precious to him as his right eye , yet God will plucke it out , God will cast it down ; He will no more beare with an Inquisition in Spain , then with an High-Commission Court in England . I wish that France and Savoy would consider of their Massacres ; and if they do not , all the world shall acknowledge Christ his just shaking-devastations , in many years war , and other wayes of vengeance on them . 3. Will Christ account with Princes , and shake them ? then surely meaner men shall not escape : Magistrates , Ministers , Counsellers , Captains , Parents , Masters , look about you ; Christ is on his circuit , hath began his Audit ; look well to your accounts : Princes are not too great , nor you too little for him to account withal ; he will deale punctually , he will not shuffle over things with you . Hearken , he calls venite ad judicium , Come to judgement ; what can you answer for your times , and talents , your meanes and mercies , your deliverances and salvations , your covenants and engagements ? Are you yet more holy , heavenly , watchful , faithful , fruitful ? will your relations blesse God for you , for your counsel , instruction , reprehension , exhortations , prayers and examples ? Can you say you are free from the blood of your people , children , souldiers , and servants ? If they perish , is it on their own account ? you having freed your souls in the faithful discharge of your duty . 4. In all oppression from powers its a just ground for people to appeale to Christ , whose Office it is to supervise their actings , and to shake them , Exod. 2. 23. Israel sighed by reason of their bondage , and their cry came up to God : we tread on wormes , and goe over where the hedge is lowest : It s no new thing for might to oppresse right ; but if men cannot have right on earth , there is none can hinder a man from looking to heaven ; it was a notable appeale of David from King Saul to Jehovah , 1 Sam. 24. 15. The Lord be judge and judge between me and thee , and plead my cause and judge me on thee : its emphatical , that thrice he repeats the word judge . The Lord be judge , and judge , between me and thee : and judge me out of thy hand ; How pathetically doth the same David addresse himselfe to God ? Psalm . 35. 23. Stir up thy selfe and awake to my judgement , unto my cause , my God and my Lord. Evigila & expergiscere , watch and arise ; and surely he will do so . I remember what Mr. Henry Burton a late Martyr told me ; that being in trouble before the highest powers , and having appealed to the King , and finding no redresse , he expressed himselfe thus : Well , I appeale to the King of Kings : and so may we in like cases . Learne farther , that judicial proceedings against Princes , is stamped with remarkable Characters of Christ on them : for he shakes them . Thus in the prophesies of John , Revel . 6. The sixe Seales containe the several steps of plaguing the heathenish Roman Empire . At the opening of the first Seale , v. 2. there appears a white Horse : Christ riding on the word of truth , and going on Conquering and to Conquer heathenisme . The second Seale and red Horse shews the bloody wars that Christ raiseth against them . The third Seale and black Horse denotes scarcity of bread , by which Christ afflicts them . The fourth Seale and pale Horse includes warres , famine , plague , and all which Christ brought in upon them . Upon opening the fifth Seale you have the cry of the Saints under their persecutions , which Christ heares attentively . The sixth Seale utterly ruines the heathenish Empire , the great day of Christ his wrath being come upon it ; so that it was not able to stand . The opening of the seventh Seale presents you with a Vision of seven Angels with seven Trumpets , and they relate Christs his shaking and ruinating the Empire while Christian ; and no marvel , seeing it became Arrian and persecuting : Totus Mundus Arrianus . The foure first Trumpets sound the fatal ruine of the Westerne Empire , when Christ stirred up the Goths and Vandals in four incursions upon it . The fifth and sixth Trumpet , which are two of the Vae Tubae , the woe Trumpets , they sound out Christ his shaking of the Easterne Empire , in that he gives passage to Mahomet and his company in the fifth Trumpet , and in the sixth Trumpet to the Turkes . We read in Rev. 16. 1. of seven Vials , which contain Christ his shaking the Kingdome of Antichrist ; for they are the last plagues on the Beast . Thus you see eminent Characters of Christ his judging all his adversaries , even from Johns time to this very day , both his Heathenish and Antichristian enemies . To those who are in high place of power : I beseech them to suffer a word of exhortation , from one who daily prays for them . Oh! how good is it for men to meditate on Christ and his shaking , on Christ and his accounting with them ! think not , because you have Sword and Counsel , Armies and Navies , that now your mountaine is so strong it shall never be moved . They once thought so who are now shaken out ; and the entertainment of such thoughts again , will be the ready way to a repeated shaking : T is true , God hath blessed you with a series of good successes , and by them turned others out of their seats , and placed you in ; I hope and heartily wish , that their sinnes , their crying sinnes , may never be found among you ; for if they be , Christ can raise up others to shake you out , as he raised up you to shake others . The good God forbid , that ever that day should arise among us : But rather of the riches of his mercy grant your establishment , by Judgement and Righteousnesse ; that so you may be called repairers of our breaches , the restorers of paths to dwell in . Much of the impetuous violence of the streames of wickednesse would be dryed up , by the due consideration of Christ his coming to shake . Princes are great Masters , and subjects are their servants ; and Col. 4. 1. Masters , give unto your servants that which is just and equal , knowing that ye also have a Master in Heaven . Let all that know and feare God , give unto Christ the honour due unto his Name ; In that he shakes Kings and Princes , he is decked with glory , and sets up his Throne for vengeance : Thus the Church doth , Rev. 5. 12. Worthy is the Lamb to receive power , and riches , and wisdome , and strength , and honour , and glory and blessing . CHAP. VIII . Shewes , 1. That All power is in Christ . 2. It s his due upon taking our nature . 3. Though it be his due , yet is it given to him . 4. Though it be his due and given him , yet he hath little glory of it . 5. He will exalt himselfe in great Turnes to take up his glory by them . Vses of Instruction and Exhortation . KIngs and Princes are the greatest persons ; and the shaking of these tall Cedars is one of the greatest works in the world , & that which notably holds forth Jesus Christ . I shall therefore indeavour to open the shaking of these earthly powers , both from the consideration , 〈…〉 Jesus Christ , and that both 1. As King of the World. 2. As King os Saints . Secondly of these great persons ; and that both in regard of 1. Themselves . 2. Their Relations ; All which we shall cast into several positions to be handled in the chapters following . The consideration of Christ as King of the World , gives you a very faire account of the turnes in these latter Ages ; which that you may the better understand , we shall lead you on by twelve several Positions ; all of them contributing some thing to the right and religious understanding of these turnes : Now the first Position is this . All power is given to Christ in Heaven and Earth , Math. 28. 18. Dan. 2. 44. The God of Heaven sets up Christs Kingdom , and the Kingdome shall not be left to other people ; but it shall break in pieces and consume all those Kingdomes , and it shall stand for ever . Christs power it so resides in him , that it cannot be translated : It s a conquering power , for it breakes in peices and it enjoyes the fruit of such conquests ; for it stands for ever . This we shall open in five passages . 1. That all power is in Christ ; it is in him as in the proper seat of it . He is the first fountaine of all power , and all the power in all the creatures flowes from him , their power is but a drop of his Ocean ; the highest and best kinde of power dwells in him : He is the first borne of every creature . His power is extensive to all creatures , and times ; all creatures are either in heaven or in earth ; and his power reacheth both . Col. 1. 16. By him were all things created that were in Heaven and Earth , visible and invisible , whether they be Thrones or Dominions or Principalities or Powers . And Jer. 10. 7. Who would not feare thee Oh King of Nations ? Psal . 22. 28. The kingdome is the Lords , and he is Governour among the Nations . All earthly powers have their periods , their rise and fall , their beginning and ending : but it s not so with Christs power ; for Heb. 1. 8. It s spoken to him , Thy throne oh God is for ever and ever . 2. All power was Christ his due upon the taking of our nature : So much is wrapped up upon the assumption of our flesh , that thereupon all created power was to be under him . Suppose man had not fallen , nor Christ suffered ; yet if he take our nature to himselfe , upon this , all power in all creatures must be under him : Heb. 2. 6. When he bringeth in the First begotten into the world , he saith , and let all the Angels of God worship him : Observe , he is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the First borne . Christ as taking our nature had a being in the counsel of God , and was before any creature was : and by that priority and firstnesse of being , he hath a preeminence above all creatures whatsoever , Col. 1. 18. In all things he must have the pereeminence . The first begotten under the Law had a priviledge above all his brethren ; he had the rule and the double portion . So hath Christ , he hath the rule of all creatures , he guides them to their end ; and indeed , they are all his portion , given unto him as the First begotten . Againe observe , the text mentions God the Fathers bringing Christ into the world : which was , when at his exhibition in the flesh he manifested it to the world , that he was his onely begotten Son. And observe lastly , that upon this taking of our flesh , the Angels which are the highest ranke of creatures are subject to him ; nay with the highest subjection , namely that of adoration : now if Angels the highest of creatures , surely all other creatures much more . 3. That though this power were his due ; yet it is rightly said to be given to him , in that its a power falls on him as in our nature , not considered onely as second person : Now being thus in our nature , the Father is greater then he , Joh. 14. 28. I goe unto my Father , for my Father is greater then I : and he is in that regard , lesse then the Father : The Father gives all to Christ , and Christ returnes all to the Father : Dare est dominium transferre . John 3. 35. The Father loveth the Sonne , and hath given all things into his hand ; giving is a transferring out of love ; and the Fathers love is so great , he cannot give him lesse then all . v. 34. He give the spirit to him , but not by measure . Joh. 10. 39. God the Father gives all his elect chosen ones to Christ , and he gives him worke to do for them , Joh. 17. 4. I have finished the worke which thou gavest me to doe , Joh. 5. 26 , 27. He hath given to the Sonne to have life in himselfe , v. 27. and he hath given him authority to execute judgement also , because he is the Son of Man. In regard of all creatures , He hath power given him over all flesh , Joh. 17. 2. The Government is laid upon his shoulders , and he rules among the Nations , Dan. 4. 21. 4. Jesus Christ hath had but little glory of all his power , Joh. 1. 11. He came to his own , and his own received him not . How many are there in the world that never heard of Jesus Christ ? how many that are professed enemies against him ? and among all that beare his Name , how few live indeed by him ? How many thousands are there in the Synagogue of Antichrist , that although they beare his Name , being called Christians , and make profession of him , yet in workes deny him ? Look upon the great ones of the Earth , who have that power of his derived unto them , that others have not ; yet how great strangers are they unto him ? Nay looke among those who pretend to Reformation , and to be adversaries to all superstitions ; yet how little do they take notice of his power put forth in the World , or give him the praise of it ? 5. Christ will exalt himself in such great & various turnes on Kings , as shall extort acknowledgement from their consciences that he is above them , and make them confesse , This is the hand of Christ upon us , whose Vassals we are ; Our Crownes and Scepters are more his then ours ; He , He , is the Lords Annointed ; All powers of earth are immediately and fully given to him , and not to us . We poor worms struggle for this earth ; but heaven and earth , and all power are his , and we are but his underlings . Isa . 10. 12. I will punish the fruit of the stout heart of the King of Assyria , and the glory of his high looks . Let us conclude this with the confession of Nebuchadnezzer , Dan. 4. I Nebuchadnezzar extol the King of heaven , all whose words are truth , and his wayes judgement , and those that walke in pride he is able to abase . 1. Take notice of the exceeding riches of Gods love to Christ , and in him to us ; He loves and gives , and gives no lesse then all ; not some , but all power . Power 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 rightful power , priviledged power . Christ hath the highest and the sweetest Title , He hath all by gift . The Father gives , and gives to him immediately ; nothing intervenes between the Father and Christ ; In all his giving to us , Christ comes between , he is the Mediatour , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , the middle person : but in this gift to Christ , none comes between him and the Father . 2. Learne hence , the Father is fully satisfied in that he hath laid all power on Christ ; he will never question Christ his Title , he is as he would have him to be . All power would cracke the creatures shoulders ; Christ alone is able to beare it : Men under a little power , how do they pride & pranke and wanton it ! But behold Jesus Christ altogether lovely , and lovely in his power . The power is given him not onely of heaven , or over the things in heaven : but it s given him in heaven : The power is the most glorious power , and it s given him in the most glorious place ; for so the words may be read ; not onely all power in heaven is given me ; but all power is given me in heaven . Men receive their Commissions here on the earth : Christ takes it in Heaven . 3. Doubtlesse as it is Isa . 53. 10. The pleasure of the Lord shall prosper in his hand , he wants nothing to effect it . He hookes the unruly Leviathans , restrains the cruelty and oppression of their power , and turnes their vanity to his Fathers glory : power shall not alwayes be in the hands of the wicked , the Saints shall rule ; for Christ is the greatest Saint . 4. Christ returnes alI to the Father : He receives all power from him , and shall returne it all to him . 1 Cor. 15. 24. He delivers up the Kingdome to God , even the Father . The Kingdome is Christs power in the whole frame and body of it ; but that he delivers up to his Father : and for the present he will sacrifice all the unjust powers of the earth to his Fathers justice , and cause goodnesse to arise with greatnesse , and peace with power . Let me adde one word to exhort you . 1. To flocke about Christ in love , to come where the power is : and Loe here is all power ; were Christ powerlesse or weak , I would never invite you to him , Heb. 7. 25. He is able , and able to save , and to save to the utmost : Oh why hang you backe , why linger so long ? are you unwilling to be happy ? doe you love your weaknesse , that you run not to his power ? What is scattered elsewhere , is centered here . It s a Christian art , rightly to abstract all earthly powers ; all are but ciphers till Christ put a figure to them : Every man is a friend to him that giveth gifts : Now who can give so much as he that hath All ? and is it not our wisdome to have him to friend ? Let me bespeake you , as Balak said to Balaam , Num. 22. 37. Am not I able indeed to promote thee to honour ? So is not Christ able indeed to pay all thy debts , to heale all thy diseases , to protect thee from dangers , and to inrich thee with fullest enjoyments ? Oh! come , come , stay no longer , let that which can command , invite you : namely his power . 2. ●●me and wellcome ; but come with resolvednesse to be wholly at his disposal : Ordinary and common observance will not suffice : All power doth challenge all love , and all subjection , from all hearts . Oh! let Christ have all ; bring your Lamb to him , for he is worthy : How little is your all to his ? your largest compasse is in your thoughts and desires : Oh bring them to him , let him be in all your thoughts , and the onely desireable one to you . He demands your hearts : you have his already ; your hearts and therein your all : what is heartlesse is nothing . Let your hearts then , and with your hearts your feare , and hope , and faith and joy attend him . 3. Tremble you wicked ones , though the mighty of the earth . Against whom have you exalted your selves ? how will you deale with him that hath all power ? all power to punish , as well as reward : your power is his , and he must not suffer his power in your hands to be abused . Your mountains and your hills cannot cover you from the power of his wrath ; who makes Rivers of brimstone , and everlasting burnings for you , and prepares Tophet of old . 4. The Lord Reigneth , let the earth be glad : Feare not your Summer , and Winter , your Seed-time and Harvest , your Sun to shine , and raine and dews to fall ; your dayes and nights provisions , and protections ; for all power is his ; and honour him to whom all power is given . CHAP. IX . Shews , Pos . 2. That Kings reigne by Christ . 1. They are or are not by him . 2. He blesseth or blasteth them in Government . 3. What wisdome or power they have , they cannot put forth without him . 4. Continuation and succession is from him . 5. Bad Kings as well as good , are from him . Vses for Instruction and Exhortation . CHrist hath all power , as we shewed in the former Chapter ; and as he hath all , so he gives all : It s his glory to communicate ; he hath of the best , and he giveth of the best . All Kingly power is given to him , and he gives all power to men : whence followes this second Position . The Kings of the Earth , they reigne by Christ ; this is set down in so many words . Pro. 8. 15. By me Kings reigne , and Princes decree justice . v. 16. By me Princes rule and Nobles , even all the Judges of the earth . I observe three things from those words . 1. That the several ranks of Governours are from him , both the supreame and the subordinate Magistrates ; not onely Kings , but Princes also rule by him ; not onely Kings and Princes , but Nobles and Judges . 2. I observe in the highest act of power that Kings and Princes put forth , that therein they are but Christs Substitutes ; To make Lawes and Decrees , to decree that which is right and for publicke good , is one of their highest and most noble acts of power ; but that they cannot doe without him . I observe thirdly , That the particular execution , as well as the decree , is from Christ to bring down this or that Decree , or Law , to this or that person or case ; the application of the Law to those whom it doth concerne , even this is from Christ ; for all the Judges of the earth are by him : Judices sunt qui inter litigantes jus dicunt : Judges are they that declare what is Law among those that are at variance ; and these Judges and their sentences are here referred to Christ : you will more fully apprehend this Position by the five passages following . 1. That Kings are , or are not by him : They have not onely their being from him as they are men , but as they are Kings , as they are Kingly men : he sets them up , and then they are Kings ; and pulls them down , and then they are as other common men . 1 Sam. 15. 1. The Lord sent Samuel to annoint Saul to be King of his people ; there he is set up , there he is a King ; but v. 23. because thou hast rejected the word of the Lord , He hath also rejected thee from being King ; there he is pulled down . He gave the Kingdome , power , and strength and glory to Nebuchadnezzar , made him King of Kings , Dan. 2. 3. But he un-kings him , yea un-mans him too . Dan. 4. 25 , 31 , 32. Oh King Nebuchadnezzar , to thee it is spoken , The Kingdome is departed from thee : there he is un-kinged , and v. 32. They shall drive thee from men , and thy dwelling shall be with the beasts of the feild : there he is un-manned . He annointed Hazael King over Syria , and Jehu over Israel , 1 King. 19. 15 , 16. Yea all the Kingdomes of men are solely at his disposal , and he giveth them to whomsoever he will , Dan. 4. 32. 2. He either blesseth or blasteth men in the worke of Government . Upon Him is first , and resteth the spirit of wisdome and understanding , of counsel and might , to judge and reprove with all . Isa . 11. 2 , 3. and Dan. 2. 21. He giveth wisdome to the wise , and knowledge to them that know understanding : and again , Dan. 4. 16. Let his heart be changed from mans , and let a beasts heart be given to him : When Saul was annointed King over Israel , 1 Sam. 10. v. 16. It s said of him , Thou shalt be turned into another man , and v. 9. God gave him another heart . He doth not say a new heart , a holy heart , but another heart ; a heart differing from the heart he had while he was a private person : then he minded his fathers Asses , and family-occasions ; but now he had another heart , a heart for government , a heart for publicke affaires and their management . Jesus Christ divides wisdome and folly among the Grandees of the world . Solomon was the wisest Prince that ever was : But his sonne Rehoboam was not so , he was but a little removed from a foole , Eccles . 10. 16. They are men , or children , according as he makes them . 3. What wisdome and power they have , they cannot put forth without him . Sometime they appeare stronger then men ; another time weaker then children : Now none so wise as they , and by and by none so foolish ; and all according as Christ enlargeth or contracteth them : They assume power to make , or unmake , to establish , or null Lawes ; but sure they are wofuly out , if they leave him out . Grant they are the high ones , yet sure he is higher then they : we deny not but they have an Image on them , that makes them better then other men ; but still they are but men , and he is better then they : It s his prerogative to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , The Law-giver , Jam. 4. 12. and he gives law to them , and they cannot without him , lay law on their people . He is one , there is one Law-giver , and the onely one , there is no more ; They cannot make Laws without him , but he doth without them : Let their hearts meditate high and great things , yet their hearts are in his hand , Prov. 21. 1. and he turns them as seemeth him good . 4. Their Continuation and succession is from him . 1. Sam. 15. 28. The Lord hath rent the Kingdome of Israel from thee this day , and hath given it to a neighbour of thine that is better then thou . This Solomon acknowledgeth , 1 King. 3. 7. Oh Lord my God , thou hast made thy servant King instead of David my father . How much of King ▪ craft is laid out to settle and perpetuate governments on heires and successors ? but how little can this pretend to , without Christ ? Dan. 5. 26 , 27. He is the great Numberer , and Ponderer ; Belshazzars Kingdome was numbered and finished , he was weighed in the ballance and found wanting . This King David knew well , 2 Sam. 5. 12. He perceived ( not that men so much , nor that Joab or Abner ) but that the Lord had established him King over Israel . Hence is that conclusion from wise Daniel , Chap. 2. 21. He changeth times and seasons , he removeth Kings , and setteth up Kings . 5. Bad Kings as well as good reigne by Christ : Christ had in especial manner the visible administration of the Kingdomes of Israel and Judah , and their Kings were anointed by him ; but how few good among them all ? Now because this may seeme a hard saying , give me leave to open it in these sixe passages . 1. Good men may be bad Kings ; their grace makes them good ; but it s their gifts ▪ and the acting of them fits them for their Kingship . David was a good man , a man after Gods one heart ; but when out of pride he numbered the people , in that he was no good King ; for it brought a plague upon them , 2 Sam. 24. Hezekiah was a good man ; but in vaine ostentation , shewing the Ambassadors of the King of Babylon his Treasure , in that he was no good King , 2 King. 20. Asa was a good man ; but when he imprisoned the Seer , and oppressed some of the people , in that he was no good King , 2 Chron. 16. 10. 2. The badnesse of men , or of Kings , is not from Christ ; though we say bad Kings reigne by him , yet we do not say , their badnesse is by him ; we abhor the thoughts of making him the author of sin , who is the holy One of God. 1. All his Commandements are right , his Statutes pure , his Law perfect : there is not the least hint there to warrant any wickednesse : but still that which is contrary is commanded : He commands no wickednesse . 2. It s far from the heart of Christ to worke any wickednesse in their hearts ; you must father your sin somewhere else ; Christ will never own it ; accuse , accuse , ( as you have just cause ) your selves , your wicked corrupt natures , but you must acquit him . 3. Neither doth Christ stirre up unto any wickednesse ; his spirit is a holy spirit , and no inviting or encouraging men to sin comes from that spirit . 3. Though he is no cause of their badnesse , yet they could not be , and so not be bad , but that he suffers it : If it were the absolute Decree of God that there should be no bad men , nor Kings , sure there should be none ▪ Its impossible any thing should be so against his will ; for then he were not happy in himselfe , and so not God ; But surely all grant it s his will to suffer it , to permit it to be ; and is there not something more ? though sin be evil ; yet is it not good that sin have a being ? God would not so much as suffer sin in the World , but that he knows how to produce good out of it ; and may not he will the production of good ? and is it not to worke like himselfe to bring good out of evil ? Gen. 50. 20. Ye thought evil against me ( saith Joseph to his Brethren that sold him ) but God meant it unto good , to save much people alive : and when Joseph made known himselfe to his Brethren , Gen. 45. 5. he saith , Be not greived nor angry with your selves , that ye sold me hither ; for God did send me before you to preserve life . 4. That Christ shewes himselfe to be righteous when Kings and Princes are wicked ; He doth righteously punish sin with sin ; Ephraim is given to Idols , let him alone ; and I will not punish your daughters when they commit whoredome , nor your spouses when they commit Adultery . God may give places and power to wicked men , and not grace ; and then they will become more wicked , and fill up their measure suddainly . God may be angry with a people for their sin , and so give them a King in his wrath , Hos . 13. 11. I gave them a King in mine anger . Gods anger is his justice , whereby he burnes against sin ; and what he gives in justice , is with respect to their sin : Now he gave them a King in his wrath ; let that King be never so vile , yet God that gave him is righteous , I and righteous in that giving of him . 5. That Jesus Christ is gracious , as well as rightcous , and orders all the badnesse of Kings for good , Acts 4. 27 , 28. Herod and Pontïus Pilate with the Gentiles and people of Israel are gathered together against Christ , but it s to doe what Gods hand and c●unsel had determined before to be done . Cyrus is a Heathen King and knows not G●d , Isa . 45. 4. Yet for Jacob my servants sake , and Israel mine elect , I have even called thee by thy name ; and Isa . 44. ult . Cyrus he is my shepherd and shall performe all my pleasure ; saying to Jerusalem , thou shalt be built , and to the Temple , thy foundation shall be laid . 6. Though all Kings reigne by Christ , yet Christ reignes much more in those who are good , then in those who are bad : He puts his spirit into them that are good , to make them good ; he gives them the spirit of wisdome , counsel , and the feare of the Lord. He layes his Law upon them , and draws them forth in obedience to it . He stirres them up to what is good , and holds them on in that goodnesse . He gave Solomon wisdome to goe in and out before that great people ; and he wiseth Princes for their places , and makes their actings acceptable both to God and men . 1. Kings reigne by Christ ; It is not then so much their rich apparrel , their sumptuous Pallaces , their Royal attendance , that instamps their Majesty on them , as this , that they are Christs creatures for this World ; they beare his Image of power and government on them , and that is their great Majesty : They are his ordinance , Rom. 13. reigne by him ; and this subjects and keeps mens spirits under . Oh! thanke Jesus Christ that you have no more insurrections , against those in place and power ; mens minds are it may be ready enough to breake out , but there is something of Christ stops them . 2. We cannot rise against government , but we rise against Christ : Alas ! who are they that be in power , but men like our selves , that we rise against them ? Nay but they have a Commission , which we have not ; a resistance is not so much to them , as God. Rom. 13. 2. is and alwayes was good Scripture ; Whosoever resisteth the power , resisteth the Ordinance of God ; and they that resist shall receive to themselves damnation or judgement ; wherefore you must be subject , not onely for wrath , but also for conscience sake , v. 5. 3. Ascribe the good of government to Jesus Christ ; All their wisdome , justice , mercy and goodnesse , is extracted from him ; when you eat of the fat , and drink of the sweet , when you enjoy your houses and lands , your shops and ships , your p●ace and plenty , exalt him for it . That you can lie down and rise up , and walke abroad , it s of his goodnesse and ingrave his Name on it , and returne his praise to him . 4. Do bad as well as good reigne by him ? learne hence a ground of patience , and contentation : Nothing calmes the heart so much as to revolve things on God regularly . David says Psal . 39. 9. I was dumb , and opened not my mouth , because thou didst it . When Aaron lost both his sonnes , that which made him hold his peace , was , that God would be sanctified and glorified ; God had done it , Lev. 10. 3. That which made Job not to charge God foolishly , and kept him from the sin of impatience , it was , that the Lord had given and taken away ; and the like was that in old Eli , 1 Sam. 3. 18. when heavy things were denounced against him , and his house , he said , It is the Lord , let him do whatever he please . 5. How glorious is that Christ by whom Kings reigne ? how poorely doth all their splendor resemble his glory ? while they rule others , he rules them : Oh! that we could see him ; he is not onely their governour , but their Maker ; fall down and adore before him . They must bring in an account of their government , and you may appeale from them to him , as you heard before . He is most absolute , and by his Decree things are and shall be to eternity . How doth it greive Princes to feele old age come upon them ? to be subjected to aches , paines and diseases , and that they and their honour must part , and lie in the dust ? Oh! then admire , and for ever praise him whose Kingdome is an everlasting Kingdome , and of whose government there is no end . I shall conclude this Position with a word of exhortation to Princes , taken out of Psal . 2. 10. 1. To be wise and understand by whom you reigne : away with your contesting against Christ , and fall in with his ends and interests ; that will be your wisdome indeed ; a single portion of wisdome should not content you ; you are to study , and to rule ; and a great deale of wisdome is required to a little rule : you have many snares and temptations in your places , and you need abundance of wisdome to guard you from those snares ; you are to govern others , yea many others , as well as your selves : Be wise now therefore O ye Kings . 2. Be instructed ye Judges of the Earth : God hath his word and his rod for you , as well as others ; and its wisdome to learn by both ; Deut. 17. 19. you must read to keep you humble , that your hearts be not lifted up above your brethren ; and if you heare not that voyce of the word , behold a speaking rod , and him that appointed it ; Heare , heare , and learn , yea learn righteousnesse . 3. Feare , feare before him : It s not below you O Kings ; it will not argue a pusillanimous spirit to feare God. Exod. 18. 21. Jethro's Justices were able men , men able for government , yet fearing God. The lesse you are under the feare of men , the more should you walke in the feare of God : This feare would be a sweet bound to your power and will : and trust God to make others feare you , while you reverence him . 4. Serve with feare : Oh strange ! must Kings serve ? yea sure , it s not so strange as true : you are the Judges of the Earth , and therein his servants . Many controversies will come before you , and you are to decide them according to Law : encourage your selves in that thanklesse worke of judging , that its part of your service to Godward . Prov. 29. 4. The King by judgement establisheth the Land ; but he that receiveth gifts overthroweth it . Let Jehosaphats counsel be acceptable to you , 2 Chron. 19. 6. Take heed what you doe ; for ye judge not for man , but for the Lord , who is with you in the judgement . You had need of good men about you , both in Court and Council : This was Davids resolution , Psal . 101. 6 , 7. My eyes shall be upon the faithful in the Land to dwell with mee ; and he that walketh in a perfect way shall serve me . It is recorded of Ahaziah , 2 Chron. 22. 3. that he walked in the wayes of the house of Ahab ; for his Mother a Daughter of Omri was his Counsellor to do wickedly . Kings must do right to others , they must releive the oppressed ; then surely they themselves must be far from oppression . Ezek. 46. 18. The Prince shall not take of the peoples inheritance by oppression , to thrust them out of their possession . Your great service lies in this , to be a terrour to evil works , an avenger to execute wrath on the wicked , to scatter them , and bring the wheele upon them : but to encourage them that do well , that they may live a peaceable and quiet life , in all godlinesse and honesty . 5. Rejoyce with trembling : You have your burdens , and so your joyes , more then others : You have your Gardens and Orchards , your Parkes and Pleasures , your Musicks and Recreations ; we envy you not in these ; much comfort may you have in them all ; onely take in this Caution , rejoyce with trembling ; you ar● never so apt to miscarry as in the highth of your joyes . Job feared his sons when Feasting , and you know whose brand it is to Feast without feare , Jude , v. 12. 6. Lastly , Kisse the Son ; kisse him with a kisse of love , Osculo dilectionis , and that with all sincerity : kisse him with a kisse of honour and obedience , Osculo subjectionis , as Samuel kissed Saul , 1 Sam. 10. 1. kisse him with a kisse of confidence , as here in the Text , Blessed are all they that put their trust in him . Kisse him with a kisse of Devotion , Osculo Devotionis ; for he alone is worthy of all love , subjection , faith , and worship . CHAP. X. Opens the 3. Pos . That setting up of Government and Governours is for the good of the World. 1. In that it keeps men in Order . 2. In that it gives propriety . 3. It promotes increase of what we possesse . 4. Brings in Peace . 5. It is set up when God fitts some , and brings in others to consent . 6. This is for the good of all ranks of men . 7. Good to them in their whole life . 8. That Governours due it is to be honoured . Vses . YOu have heard , that Kings reigne by Christ , and so are his creatures ; Government is of his making , it s his Ordinance , and so as it is from him , is good : None so good as Christ , and what he makes , that is also good ; cannot be bad : hence followes your third Position . That The setting up of Government and Governours is notably for the good of the World , Rom. 13. 4. He is the Minister of God to thee for good . 1 Pet. 2. 13. its called mans creature , both because its an Ordinance for man , for man as he is a reasonable creature ; and Secondly , It s an Ordinance wherein God acts and draws forth Reason to the highest acts and ends ; it s that which is in especial manner for the good of man , of mankind ; that will farther appeare in that , 1. Government is set up to keep the World in order ; order is Vniuscujusque rei debita coll●c●tio , the due setting of things and persons in their proper place , and keeping them there . In an Army , when every Commander is where the General appoints , and every Souldier in that ranke and file , where the Commander appoints , and accordingly moves , that Army is said to be in order . Now Government doth that to the World , that order doth to an Army . Men are apt to be out of their due place and station , and to move unduely ; now government rightens them . We read a sad Story , Judg. 17. 6. There was no King in Israel , but every man did that which was right in his own eyes ; There was no King , but many Tyrants . Kings rule by law , Tyrants by will ; and so do all rule where there is no government ; and then every man is a Tyrant , his lust his law , nay a Divel , Homo homini daemon ; Anarchy is worse then Tyranny ; better a bad government then none at all , Ipsa quidem Tyrannis est tolerabilis prae Anarchia , saith Beza . Tyranny is tolerable , when weighed with Anarchy : Now to take away this disorder , and to keep every man in his place , is government set up ; for it is the application of rules of reason to things , times , and persons ; It is an honest binding men to their good behaviour . 2. Persons set and kept in order enjoy propriety : Without government all things are common , and community makes a War of every man with every man ; what is common is mine as well as his , and his as well as mine ; and therefore if another enjoy that I like , if it cannot be divided , and I like and lacke it , I will fight for it with him , and so he with me : but government ends this War , and makes what was common before , to be proper now ; what belonged to all before , to be peculiar to some now , and so prevents that War we now speake of : it divides unto every man his inheritance , and maintains him in it . It was Gods government that divided the Land of Canaan to the children of Israel , and gave them every one their lot ; or else there would have been as much fighting among themselves about it , as there was to dispossesse the Amorite , the Canaanite , the Hivite , and the Perizzite . 3. Government promotes the increase of what we properly have : Interest is that which drawes forth all men ; they will not sow to have others reape , nor build to have others possesse and dwell there : But let it be their own , and then they think no labour too much , no cost too great : what is every bodies , is no bodies ; and Commons we see are wasted , when inclosures which are worse ground , are more improved . Government makes me call this , or that , my house , my land , my state ; and being mine , I like and love it , and do what I can to improve it . 4. Government protects your peace : Pax est tranquillitas ordinis . You heard of order before , and now we tell you of the tranquillity of it , which is peace . What dismal stormes would arise in every Country , City , Town , and Family , about every mans Land , Dwelling , Trading , Estate , if government were not ? It keeps us alive in our hous●s , and our houses furnished for our livelyhood : A peaceable and a quiet life is the great end of government ; and if any breake in upon you to disturbe , and disquiet you , then government interposeth to protect , and defend you . 5. The setting up of government is , when God makes some men able , and willing , to manage publicke affairs ; and draws the spirits of others to consent and subject . As Jesus Christ ascended up into heaven to give gifts unto men , for the edification of his body , Eph. 4. 12. So , as King of the World , he is in heaven , and gives gifts unto men , for the government of the world . Some men we see are so weake that they cannot manage their own affairs with discretion ; others are so strong that they can guide their own , and the affairs of others too : but honos onus , Honour is a burden ; to care for others is a care with burden , and men love not to be burdened : It is therefore the goodnesse of Christ , so to temper and propose things to men , as to incline them to take such care and burdens on them . This thing is too heavy for thee , thou art not able to performe it , said Jethro to Moses , Exod. 18. 18. And who is able to judge this thy so great a people ! was Solomons expression . 1 Kings , 3. 9. but Christ makes men both able and willing for government : But suppose they are never so able , and willing ; how can they govern , if they be not called to it ? I , but the same Christ that makes men able and willing to govern , makes others willing to choose , and subjecting to be governed : and he causing both these sweetly to concurre , sets up a Government . I confesse , I have wondered to see the subjection of Souldiers to their Captains , of Seamen to their Boatswains , and that to blows and bill-bows ; if they should take head , it s not their Captain or Master could withstand them : and why do they not ? truly it s because Christ by his ordinance of government aws their spirits . 6. This is notably for the good , not of some , but of all ranks of men : high and low , rich and poor , learned and ignorant , good and bad . Government is of God , who is the chiefest good , and so most communicative , most good to others ; and therefore those who are imployed about this worke , are called Dij Terrestres , Earthly Gods. I have said you are Gods : It notably commends government to us , when it is so extensive in its goodnesse . All mens good is so interwoven in it , that it cannot be obstructed , but all men will suffer in that obstruction . 7. Government is extensive not onely to all men , but to all men in their whole lives ; and this I take from that passage in 1 Tim. 2. 2. That we may lead a quiet life . Where I observe two things . First , that matter of life and death is wrapped up in government . And Secondly , that the good of government is not onely in some times and passages of life , to all ranks of men ; but in the whole course and series of passages in our whole lives , and most eminently in the matters of highest concernment , as it s there added , in all godlinesse , and gravity ; for so the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , translated honesty , properly signifies : we have protection of our being from government , that we might be much in godlinesse ; and next to godlinesse , we must be grave , carry our selves so , as may justly clame an esteeme from those we converse withal . 8. There is certainly honour due to such who are set up for government . Rom. 13. 1. They are the higher powers , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and v. 3. they are the Rulers , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , yea and fathers too , and therefore must be honoured ; God never intended them their duty without their dignity : nor did he appoint a small portion of honour for them ; we owe respect one to another , and we mutually give and receive honour one of another ; but honour to Governours must be more ; they must have that and something more : as they are publick persons , they must have publick honour , and as they are for good of all , so all must honour them . This is that which we are commanded , Rom. 13. 7. Render to all their dues ; Honour to whom Honour belongeth . Honour is their due , and you wrong them if you give it not ; and you oblige them for your protection , when you give them their honour . 1. Take notice hence that God is a faithful Creator , as well as a merciful Redeemer . He hath everlasting love to guide his chosen ones to eternal life ; and he hath common love to govern the World. Wh●n you enjoy the sweet and good , the peace and plenty of government , we deny not but you should look to these that God makes use of to hand those good things by ; but your thoughts are not to rest on them , but to mount higher ; own the instrument , but honour more the prime efficient : are your Governours good ? remember him that makes them so ; do you receive good under them ? Oh! be sure to eye the hand whence it comes : God extends the good of government to unreasonable creatures as well as unto you , and to you the more in and by them . There is more improvement of the creatures , both of Sea and Land where government is , then where its wanting : witnesse the condition of our Brethren in New England compared with that of the Natives there ; who receive little of the good of creatures , which God gives our precious Brethren to enjoy with abundant comfort . 2. Governours need abundance of wisdome , and publicknesse of spirit ; for they are set up for the good of the World. The world was not made for them to pompe and pallace in , to hunt and progresse in ; but they are made for the world , and should be for the good of it . Nothing is so crosse to a spirit of government , as a low selfish-spirit . Worthy and honourable Governours , you had need study and pray , observe and pray , take counsel and pray ; much , very much lieth upon you , even the good of all under your government ; which the Lord bless you to consider of and effect . Is government for the worlds good ? then give me leave to exhort you to answer the good you receive . 1. By highly esteeming them that are over you in the Lord : they are for your good , and you ought so to esteeme them . 2 Sam. 18. 3. the people there cryed out , Thou art worth ten thousand of us . The Law required a man should reverence his Mother , Lev. 19. 3. how much more those who are fathers of their country , Patriae patres , Patriots indeed . How doth the Church lament , Lam. 4. 2. The breath of our nostrils , the annointed of the Lord was taken in their pitts ; and those are branded for sons of Belial that despised Saul , and brought him no present . 1 Sam. 10. 27. They walke after the flesh in the lust of uncleannesse that despise government , 2 Pet. 2. 10. 2. Make honourable mention of them : in the same place , they are reckoned presumptuous and self-willed who feare not to speake evil of dignities . Exod. 22. 28. Thou shalt not revile the gods , nor curse the Ruler of thy people . I could heartily wish that men would not think their tongues their own , but cease from this cursing , and reviling . When Joseph was Governour of Egypt , his brethren call him Lord ; and surely we should not speak slightly of those from whence we expect our publick good and protection : How unreasonable is such railing ? it onely foames out your own discontent , and tends to boile up an undue rage in them that hear you ; it profits not them that be over you , but rather exasperats them against you , and turns those thoughts that should be for you , against you . 3. Let me exhort you to speak to God for them . 1 Tim. 2. 1 , 2. It s the Apostles exhortation there ; he well knew how backward we would be unto it , and th erefore he saith : I exhort and that with a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a first of all , and marke his variety of expressions ; Supplications , Prayers , Intercessions , and giving of thanks , must be for all in authority , and all little enough ; did you know their duties and their difficulties , you would not cease praying for them , v. 2. It s for your good , that you may lead a quiet life ; pray you more , and they will rule better : It may be they had not miscarried so much , nor so often , if you had helped them by your prayers . v. 3. This is good and acceptable in the sight of God our Saviour ; and no marvel since they are those that he sets up for the good of the World. Happly they are not so good as they should be , neither are you : but be good in this , to pray to make them better . They were bound to pray in Pauls time , when you might reckon so many Magistrates as there were , so many were their enemies : and are we not more bound now , when our Magistrates are our friends ? God hath not dealt so with other Nations , nor with us in this Nation heretofore . Never was there a Magistracy that did openly and professedly engage for the good of all that truely feare God , as now there is . Oh! cover their infirmities in love , and pray for them ; for they beg your prayers . Cyrus inserts it into his Decree , Ezra 6. 10. that they might pray for the life of the King : and I am confident that nothing would be more acceptable then your fervent prayers : and let them never want them . 4. Submit your selves to ever● ordinance of man , for the Lords sake . All men desire to rule , but few know how to submit : God sets them to order , and our duty is to be under their ordering : It is possible some of their ordinances may crosse our particular interests , and our spirits ; shall we therefore not submit ? it may be for a publick good that they decree ; and if they order so , they doe their duty , and our duty is to submit , though it be our particular losse . If we would look up , and consider for whose sake we are to submit , it would much releive us : It s for the Lords sake ; the Lord requires our submission to them : for his sake submit : it may be your spirits rise when you think of the men you are to submit too , and that the time was , that there was not so much difference between them and you , and you little thought to be so at their commands : I , but know , it s to God more then to them ; and I hope it will be no hard thing to submit to him ; to God. 5. Lastly , testifie your thankfulnesse for the good you enjoy , by your service both in p●rson and purse , as occasion may call you : boggle not at the word service , they serve you more then you serve them . The greek Proverbe is true , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , there is one servant of the house , and that is the Master ▪ their government is but an honourable service ; and will you not serve them that serve you . Grumble not too much at publick Taxes and Impositions ; governments cannot be carried on without them ; they contribute what is more precious for your safety , then you doe for their government . Rom. 13. 7. Render to all their dues : Tribute to whom Tribute is due , Custome to whom Custome . CHAP. XI . Vnfolds the fourth Position , That Governments are apt to change ; wherein is set down . 1. Governours change by death , or other wayes . 2. Forms of Government change . 3. People change . 4. Lawes change . 5. Leagues and Trade change . 6. Christ makes change by his judgements and providences . Vses . WE should be too bad , if we did not acknowledge the good of Government ; but withal we should be too foolish if we ranke not that good in its due place . Governments are good , but still they are creatures ; and all the goodnesse of creatures is mutable . Hence this fourth Position . Governments and Governours , being creatures of this world , are apt to change . Governments are Gods Ordinance , and so shall stand , but stand as creatures , and creatures of this world , and so as the World , changeable . It s the transcendent property of Christ to be unchangeably good , creatures not so ; and this will be manifest many wayes . 1. Governours change by death , or in their manners : They are men as well as others ; and so come under that Statute law , wherein all mon are appointed once to die ; Their breath is in their nostrils , and if God cast it out , all their power on earth cannot retaine it . Nay sometime by their luxury , riot , and intemperance , they dig their own graves , and shorten their lives ; nay sometime they die while they live , either deposing themselves , or else being deposed by others from their government , and so they out-live their pompe and power . Now the change of Governours makes great change in governments ; what troubles have been in the vacancies of Princes , and what turmoile about Successors ? but suppose they live , yet they may change their manners : How good are many at first , and how bad at latter end ! 2 Chron. 24. 2. Joash did what was right in the sight of the Lord all the dayes of Jehojadah ; but vers . 17. and 18. when he was dead he hearkened to the Princes of Judah , and left the house of the Lord. 2. Manners and Forms of government as well as persons are liable to changes ; Israel was first ruled by Judges , then Kings , then by Strangers . Rome , Roma septicollis , seven-hilled Rome , more various in her government , then hills : witnesse their Kings , Consuls , Dictators , Emperours , &c. How oft doth Soveraigne power change , from One to more , and from more to One again ? and the change happily not from what is unlawful , to that which is lawful ; but from what is lesse convenient , to what is more . I think not government by a King to be unlawful , nor yet the government by a single person and a Parliament . We in our dayes have seen much in this , therefore I shall adde n o more . 3. People change in their Mindes , Manners and Conditions . In all government , there must be some to be ruled , as well as some to rule ; and if either change , it hath a great influence in the government . The people are the body to be governed , and you know its mobile vulgus , an unsetled , changeable body : How oft do they commend and cry up some for government , and by and by deny them ? now , none so worthy , so desirable ; anon , none so unfit as they ; Now , they fall down and adore their wisdome , valour and successe ; and afterward rise up against them , and would if they could , trample on them . 1 Kings 12. 1. All Israel come to Sechem to make Rehoboam King , but a little after , v. 16. they say , What portion have we in David ? neither have we inheritance in the son of Iesse . To your tents oh Israel ; now see to thine own house David : And as they change in their minds , so in their manners and condition ; they grow worse and worse , in gluttony , drunkennesse , in pride , malice , uncleannesse and revenge ; yea they may grow poorer , more idle , and so more needy . 4. Change of Governour , Governments and People , produceth the change of Laws . Governours look on the ●egislative power , as their highest ; and therefore to hold out their place , they make Acts and repeale them ; they vote and unvote again , ratifie and null Ordinances , and that sometime upon grounds of reason . The safety of the people is , and ought to be , the Supreame Law. Now when people do thus change , it may be necessary to change the Laws , that so their safety may be provided for . 5. Nations change in their Leagues and Trade ; They are in with one Nation , and out with another , and sometime in and out with the same Nation . David he was friends with Nahash the King of the children of Ammon ; but when Nahash was dead , 2 Sam. 10. Hanun the son of Nahash and David fall out . Rev. 18. 3. There was a time when the Merchants waxed rich , but v. 11. the Merchants of th● earth shall weepe and mourne over her , for no man buyeth their merchandise any more . Trading is sometime sick , yea dead , and men complaine they have nothing to do ; another time it grows quick , and they have great returns . 6. Jesus Christ the King of Nations , he by his great judgements , of Sword , Famine , & Plague of Pestilence , makes great changes : Governments are apt enough to change of themselves ; but how much more when Christ comes to deale with them ? Ezek. 14. 13. God breakes the staffe of bread , and so cuts off man and beast from it ; or else , v. 17. He brings a Sword upon the Land , or sends the Pestilence , v. 19. and pours out fury upon the Land in blood , to cut off from it man and beast . What woful alterations are there , and have there been in Germany by these means ? Cities laid waste , and become ruinous heaps by a prevailing enemy ; how many Families swept away with the plague , and the living scarce able to bury the dead ? 1. If Governments ; surely lesse bodies , such as are Towns , Villages , Families , are not freed from such changes ; how many Families have we seen up and down , rise and fall ! yea many great houses desolate , and contemptible ones exalted . Oh that we were wise to make our Families little Churches , our dwellings habitations of righteousnesse , and receptacles of poor distressed ones ; it may be the Lord might lengthen out our tranquillity , build us up , and not destroy us . 2. Learne hence the vanity of the creature , and of all conditions here beneath : why should we set our hearts on that that is not , or may soon prove otherwise then now it is ? Isa . 2. 22. Cease , oh cease from man wh●se breath is in his nostrils ; for wherein is he to be accounted of ? It is better to trust in the Lord , then to put any confidence in man ; It is better to trust in the Lord , then to put any confidence in Princes . Let me now adde a word of Exhortation . 1. To those who have the Government upon their shoulders , to look after true wisdome and righteousnesse as their establishment : that which goes to make up pride and lust , will surely moulder ; that which is wicked and oppressive will downe with a vengeance . Equity and sincerity are the best poyze and ballast for your tumbling frames : your mountains are but weake , and your foundations unsetled . Psal . 73. 18. Surely thou didst set them in slippery places , thou castest them down to destruction . Is it not best for you to draw nigh to God , the unchangeable One , to cry to him , to lift up your souls in secret , to draw down that stability from heaven which cannot be found upon earth ? 2. How little and low should you be in your own eyes ? think not your mountaine so strong , that you can never be moved , when as your government carryes that in the frame and make of it that is apt to change ; you or your people , their condition , or your condition may soon alter ; your confederates may prove enemies , and your trading passe to others ; you stand now , but how soon may you fall ? others may fall and rise ; but if you fall , how hardly will your rising be ? Men of low ▪ condition cannot fall much ; but dangerous is their state that are in high place ; Facilis descensus , descent is easie , but its hard to get up again . 3. It may exhort us all , To have our treasures and hearts in Heaven . Sursum Corda . Arise , arise , for this is not your rest . How readily should you take leave of that that is going from you , and you cannot stay it ? 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Col. 3. 2. Set your affections on things that are above , and not on things on the earth , is the Apostles counsel ; and if you will be following and seeking , he tells us what it should be , 1 Cor. 14. 1. follow after Charity , and desire spirtual gifts , that ye may edifie one another . 4. Cast off those thoughts and passions as unreasonable , that storme and quarrel at these alterations ; It s your wisdome contentedly to submit to that which your bustling cannot remedy . We read of one , who when it was told him that his childe was dead , answered , Scio me genuisse ●ortalem ; I know I begat a mortal . When suddain and great alterations present , cease to wonder ; what is rivetted in the nature and composition of things , will not out ; sparks will up , and stones will down , and so will Kingdomes . 5. Lastly , let us all in the feare of God contend , that since governments are apt to change , and alterations will be ; Oh! contend that they may be for the better . How desirable are the conversions of a State and Nation ? from Pride to Humility , from Vanity to Gravity , from Ungodlinesse to Holinesse , from Oppression to Releiving the poor ; I , those would be happy Changes indeed , and such as would conduce to our prosperity . CHAP. XII . Opens the fifth Pos . That Kings abuse their power ; for , 1. They serve themselves more then others . 2. They turne their power that should be for the good , to the hurt of others . 3. It was against Christ in his person . 4. It is against Christ in his interest . 5. It s given up to Christs enemie . Vses . WE have heard that Kings reign by Christ , and that Government is set up for the good of men : But now we come to shew the unhappy inversion of power againg Christ , and of government against those for whose good it was intended . Hence your fifth Position . Kings and Princes have in all Ages grossly abused their power . The first King we read of is Nimrod , Gen. 10. 10. His Kingdome began at Babel : but what was he ? v. 8. He was a mighty one , that 's true ; Kings are mighty ones , but where ? in the earth , and for the earth ; for earthly and sensual things , v. 9. He was a mighty one , but a mighty Hunter ; not so much of beasts as of men . Saul was the first King of Israel ; and what he was we all know . Now that they have thus abused their power , I shall shew these five wayes . 1. They serve themselves more then others . Government and Governours you heard was set up for others , and their good ; and to turne it to one person , or family , is a palpable abuse : How sad is it when their double portion of these outward things which should en●ble them to be more useful and beneficial to others , is imploy'd and laid out mainly to gain friends and servants to their own lusts and interrsts ? Those who have been most popular , pretending love to their Country , how wickedly have they interwoven their self-interests ? when they have good successe in publick enterprises , how do they sacrifice to their own nets , applauding their own wisdome and power ? You shall finde them sometimes affable and courteous ; but is it not to inhaunce love and power to themselves , by the repute of their wisdome , birth and eloquence ? I●geniosi sed nequam ; facundi sed malo publico : witty , but wicked ; eloquent , but to publick damage ; and thus they abuse their power by their corrupt selfe-seeking . 1 Sam. 8. 11. It s said , He will appoint for himselfe : He , that is Saul , and such as he was , will appoint for themselves : But David who was after Gods own heart ( in government as well as othe●wayes ) and those who be like David , they , they I say , will not seek themselves but the good of others : and now ( methinks ) I finde my hope enlarged for those who sit at the sterne of this Common-wealth , that they being eminently and remarkably raised up by God , will seeke the honour of him who thus raised them . 2. They turn their power that should be for the good , to the hurt of others . God never intended power to oppresse ; power to crush the weake and innocent , but to help and releive them : But I would daily observation and experience both in this and former ages did not proclame the miserable abuse of power . Read over your Chronicles , and there you will finde that made good which was spoken by Cato Cens●rius : Reges omnes esse de genere bestiarum rapacium , All Kings are akin to ravenous beasts , who prey and devour ; they are great in power , and powerful in oppression . 1 Sam. 8. 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17. They shall take your Daughters , your Feilds , your Seed , your Servants , your Sheep ; and what is this taking , but unjust taking ? and unjust taking is oppression , and oppression an abuse of power . 3. The greatest powers were against Christ in his person , while he was upon earth , Acts 4. 26. The Kings of the earth stand up , and the Rulers are gathered togegether against the Lord , and against his Christ . No sooner was Christ born , but Herod seekes his life , and he is faine to be carried into Egypt ; when he comes forth to preach , and work miracles , the Scribes and the Pharisees , and the Rulers of the people set against him , call him Bel zebub the Prince of Devils ; and though he professed his Kingdom not to be of this world , but came in a low emptied condition ; yet he is held forth as an enemy to Caesar , Joh. 19. 12. If thou let this man goe , thou art not Caesars friend ; and so you know how he was condemned and abused by Herod and Pontius Pilate . Thus was government turn'd against him who set it up . 4. Kings and Princes have been bitter enemies against Christs interest and people . When Gods Israel was in Egypt , there arose a new King , Exod. 1. 11. that set Task-masters to afflict them with heavy burdens , that their souls served with rigour . Burdens , Taxes , Masters , Hardship , Servitude , is the best that Kings can afford the Israel of God. When they come into Canaan , Sihon King of the Amorites , will not suffer them to passe thorow his border , but gathers all his people to fight them : The Kings of Jerusalem , Hebron , Jarmuth , Lachish and Eglon made war with the Gibeonits because they made peace with Israel . Josh . 10. 3. It was Jeroboam the King , the son of Nebat that sinned , and made Israel to sin , 1 Kings 14. 16. And against whom were all those bloody persecutions under the Heathenish Emperours , but against the Christians , the servants and worshippers of Christ ? If any evil befel them , they make the Christians the cause of it ; and then , Christianos ad Leones , carry these Christians to the Lyons , let them devour them : it was enough to make a man guilty if he were a Christian : Bonus vir Caius , sed Christianus ; Caius was a good man , but a Christian ; and thus is power inverted against Christ and his interest in his people . 5. Kings and Princes give up their power to Christs enemie ; can there be a greater abuse ? Rev. 17. 17. The ten hornes , the ten Kings of Europe , they agree and give their kingdom to the Beast to receive laws from his lust , and to serve his designes . Rev. 16. 14. The froggs which are the spirits of Devils , goe forth to the Kings of the earth ; and Rev. 17. 2. The Kings of the earth commit fornication and are drunk with the wine of the great whore : and thus you see power abused . 1. See here the foundation of turnes and changes upon kingdomes and governments ; they are departed far from their right ends , become corrupt and abominable , so that the Lord cannot ●uffer them . Are these the powers that I set up ( saith God ) ? did I ever intend they should be against me and mine ? did I set them up to pride themselves in their lusts , and to oppresse those that are better then themselves ? Surely no. I will now arise saith the Lord , and overturn , overturn , overturn them . 2. See how little they deserve the name of Sacred Majesty , who were so profane and mindel●sse of holy things , that keep up Religion not out of conscience , but custome , not that God may have his homage and men Gods blessing ; but out of State-policy to keep men in awe ; how grosse flattery is it , both of dead and living , to count their memory blessed , who were so crooked and cursed in their courses ? 3. Judge not of men or causes to be good , by the greatnesse of them that own them and follow them . When Christ was in the world , Joh. 7. 48. the question was , Have any of the Rulers or Pharisees believed on him ? any of your great wise men ? No , I warrant you , they know better , they are more wise then so : v. 49. but this people , this poor people , giddy people , nay cursed people that know not the Law , Luke 23. 35. The Rulers derided him , and Luke 24. 20. Our chiefe Preists and Rulers delivered him to be condemned to death , and to be crucified . You must not make the great ones of the earth your example ; for then you will follow wickednesse . 4. Undeceive your selves about the true value of earthly powers : The Trappings of power are not so good as we count for , because power it selfe may be so soon and grossly abused : Grace , grace , is most desirable , which is proper and active to correct these abuses , and cannot serve to these wicked inversions . 5. Lastly , is it any undue inference , that seeing Kings have abused their power , to call upon those who take their places on them , to be circumspect , very circumspect ? what hath been , may be again ; what hath been abused , may be abused : Mistake me not ; I am far from bespattering those whom I am bound to honour ; surely Gods great deliverances , and his peoples blood , are fresh upon their hearts , and will raise up a redoubled consideration in them how to honour God and serve their present generation , in the management of publick affairs . CHAP. XIII . Proceeds to the sixth Pos . which shews , That abuse of power tends to the breaking of power ; which is apparent . 1. When those in power indulge their lazinesse . 2. VVhen they take no account of under-Officers . 3. VVhen they rule by will. 4. VVhen they look not after exc●●ution of good Laws . 5. But are unjust . And 6. Sinfully conformable to neighbour Princes . 7. Vndue enterposal in the things of God. And 8. Persecute those who are good . Vses . GOvernments you heard were apt to change ; yea to change from good to bad , and from bad to worse , and that brings in a breach . Sin and sorrow are inseparable companions ; if sin goe before , sorrow will follow after . To be clothed with power , is an honour ; but to abuse power is a sin , and such a sin as will make way for ruine , desolation , and destruction . Hence your sixth Position . The sins of Princes whereby they abuse power , carry a tendency with them to breake their power . All their power is from Christ , and all sin is against him ; and surely he will never maintaine his own power in a way against himselfe . As Princes have power over other men , so they sin in that power ; they sin as they are men , and they sin as they are men in place , as Princes . Now their Princely sins are those that break their Princely power ; as thus . 1. Indulging of a lazie spirit , tends to break their power . They gladly accept of the honour , revenues and observance of their places ; but transferre the care to others . Corona curarum nidus , A Crown is a nest of cares ; they love the Crown , but will not undertake the care : They are too nice and delicate , they must not misse their meals , their naps , their sports , no not for a publick good . No wonder then if God cause that to passe from them , which they so put away from themselves ; and make that over to others in the honour , which they long before made over to them in the worke and service . 2. When Princes take no account of their Ministers , it tends to break power . I know its impossible Princes should performe all their duties in their own person : They have much lieth upon themselves , and they have more to transferre to others ; Its a wasting sin to put off what is inherent in themselves ; and t is no lesse to transferre to others , and take no account of them . They must have their Ministers ; that 's granted ; but their Ministers must be accounted with , or else all will fall : It keeps them in due awe and order , to think they must to an audit , give account of their stewardship . Places and justice will be bought and sold , publick treasures exhausted , publick negotiations slighted , and what care they , when they know they shall be let alone ? How unworthily may men betray their trust , dishonour their Prince , and wrong the Nation , yea do it boldly , when they know they shall goe unexamined , and so unpunished ? Princes devest themselves of their highest power by this neglect ; and its jus● they should fall short of the reverence they exp●ct in the hearts of those who are under them . 3. When will is Law , then down goes rule : Non debet Princeps dominari sed Ratio : The Prince that is the Prince in his will , should not beare sway , but Reason : Government hath no such enemy as self-willednesse ; never do Princes lose so much of their power as when they exalt their will against Law ; they think they gain , but then they lose most . 4. Neglect of looking after the execution of good Laws , much infeebles their power : Kings should be living laws , Reges vivae leges , their carriage so regular , as to command imitation , and their care great to see good laws executed : Execution makes good Laws alive ; and good Laws well executed , makes Kings live ; for their power is advanced in their execution , and neglect herein is fatal and ruinous to them . 5. Injustice tumbles down Chairs of State , Prove . 16. 12. The Throne is established by righteousnesse : but Mic. 7. 3. It s doing evil with both hands when the Prince asketh and the Judge asketh for a reward . When that is acted which we read of 1 Sam. 8. 14. when the oppressed cry , and are not eased , when might overcomes right , it s a woful victory , and such an one as they shall have no cause to triumph in ; for Christ will cause them to vomit up all their sweet morsels , and to repent of their unjust dealings . 6. Sinful conformity to neighbour Nations doth no good . It displeased God and his servant Samuel , when the people cryed out Make us a King , 1 Sam. 8. 6. and the great argument was , they would be like other Nations : So verse 6. Give us a King to judge us ; and verse 5. Make us a King to judge us , like all the Nations . When we conforme to their pride , their fashions , their excesse , their wantonnesse ; will not this undermine us ? 7. Undue interposal in the things of God will pull down the powers of men . God hath reserved it for his own wisdome , power and holinesse , to give the Law of his worship ; His teare is not to be taught by the precepts of men , or made good by their powers : The patterne of the Tabernacle and Temple is to be fetched from God alone ; we are not tyed to waite for mens commands to serve God ; they may make our services to be more safe in the practice , but not more righteous in themselves . Gods command is a sufficient warrant , and its high presumption for any to interpose therein , to corrupt or crosse his service . 8. Unjust persecution , and prosecution of the good and quiet of the Land cracks authority . They are to be terrour to evil doers , and then their authority comes forth in the power of it ; but they must not be terrours to those that doe well , nor strengthen the hands of the wicked , and sad those whom God would not have sadded . This will never stablish any government . Christs interest is in his people ; the best way for Princes to maintaine their interest , is , to fall in with Christs interest . His people are his annointed ones , and they must doe them no harme . Zach. 12. 3. Jerusalem is a burdensome stone ; all that burden themselves with it , shall be cut in pieces , though all the people of the world be gathered together against it . 1. See the cause of the great turns that have been among us : Former ages cannot parallel our stories ; you know how God hath set up his Throne for Judgement , and called the great and mighty ones to the barre , and cut them off . And oh ! that now these who yet remaine would turn their eyes hither , and see ( though it be late first ) see the true cause that cracked all former greatnesse , and be humbled ; confesse their sins in their desolations ; and if they cannot see their fins as cross to God , let them abhor them as enemies to their own State. Oh! that they would accept of this counsel , To breake off their sins by righteousnesse , and their iniquities by turning to the Lord , that so ( if possible ) there may be a return of their tranquillity . Suffer I beseech you yet once more a word of admonition ; the Lord make it precious healing balme to you . 1. Watch over your hearts in lawful things , and with all keeping keep your hearts therein . It s lawful surely to eate and drink ; and for you to eate of the fat and drink of the sweet , yea to feast your selves daily : But t is not lawful to feed without feare , Jude 12. Eccles . 10. 16. Wo unto thee oh Land when thy Princes eate in the morning . It s lawful to eate , but not to eate unseasonably ; Prov. 31. 4. It s not for Kings O Lemuel , it s not for Kings to drink wine , or Princes strong drink ; least they drink and forget the law , and pervert the judgement of any of the afflicted : it s not for Kings so to drink as their drinking shall make them light and frollick , so as to forget the law , the afflicted and their cause . Math. 11. 8. They that weare soft cloathing , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , wearing them daily , are in Kings houses : But we read withal , Zach. 1. 8. I will punish the Princes of the Kings children , and all that are cloathed with strange apparel . If the softnesse of their apparel betoken a greater softnesse of their temper , it is not their being in Kings houses shall save them from punishment . Strange apparel : Jun. Indumento alienigenarum : apparel in imitation of strangers , people of another Nation , when they frame themselves into the garbe of a Conquering people , whether Egyptian or Babylonian , and testifie their spirit by their habit : Omnes qui exoticis vestibus levitatem animi prodebant . Drufius . Such who betrayed the levity of their minds , by their phantastical apparel : Probabile est , saith Calvin , Aulicos stulta affectatione mutasse vestes : Its likely the Courtiers out of a foolish imitation changed their garments . I would our Courtiers were not guilty of new ▪ fangled fashions , and garish garments , paintings and powderings , spots of beauty , and naked breasts , opening their shop-windows as if their modesty were put to saile . You may questionlesse , sometimes relaxe your minde from your serious and weighty employments , and follow your Recreations and Pleasures : but take heed of being lovers of pleasure ; that will make you poor men , Prov. 21. 17. and to be , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , lovers of pleasures more then lovers of God , will render you worse then poor , even wicked men : beware your pleasures be not your masters ; for then you will serve diverse lusts as well as pleasures . Tit. 3. 3. Malus si regat , servus est tot dominorum quot vitiorum ; One saith , If an evil man rule , he is servant of so many Masters as he hath vices . Look on the pleasures of the flesh as the bane of your spirits , and your Courtly pompe to be but so much pageantry : When Agrippa , Acts 25. 23. is said to come with great pompe , it s in the Greek , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , with a great phancy ; great pompe is no more . Worthy is the record of that great and good Courtier Moses , Heb. 11. 25. who chose rather to suffer affliction with the people of God , then to enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season . 2. Beware of covetous self-love , the canker of publick places . Exod. 18. 21. The men there to be chosen Rulers , must be ▪ hating ▪ covetousnesse . When Samuel would deter the people from a King , 1 Sam. 8. 11 , 12. He pleads , He will take your sons for himselfe , for his horsmen to run before his Chariots , to care his ground , to reap his Harvest ; it s all His , His , His ; wicked Princes pretend publick transactions and necessities , when the maine is to fill their own Coffers ; they spare neither their own children , nor strangers , bnt exact their Customes from them , Math. 17. 25. But exceeding terrible is that of Jeremiah to such , Jer. 17. 11. He that getteth riches and not by right , shall leave them in the midst of his dayes , and at his end shall be a foole . 3. Exalt not your selves unduely , for that will bring you down , Prov. 16. 18. Pride goeth before destruction , and an haughty spirit before a full : proud speeches , gestures , carriages , should be abhorred by you . It s one thing to keep a due distance , another thing to be proud : It s one thing to maintaine your place , and another thing to be haughty . It was the fault of good Hezekiah , that his heart was lifted up ; I but it was his great commendation , that he humbled himselfe for the pride of his heart . Be not wise in your own eyes , but give eare to the wisdome of the Ancient , and the petitions of the poor . 4. Anger and malice misbecome any wise man , much more a Prince . Irasuror brevis est ; Anger is a short madnesse , and malice is illwill continued , and both should be banished from you . How famous was Moses for his government , and yet the meekest man of all the earth ? Perit judicium quando res transit in affectum ; you will lose your judgement when your affections are distempered , Eccl. 7. 9. Anger resteth in the bosome of fools ; and folly should be far from them that govern . How ill did Sauls anger become him , when he calls Jonathan the son of a perverse rebellious woman ? 1 Sam. 20. 30. and as little will it become Princes now . 5. Forget not the kindnesse of others to you , and your engagements and promises to them . Rulers must be men of truth , Exod. 18. 2● . True in performing their promises . It s a brand on King Joash that he remembred not the kindnesse that Jehojada had done unto him , but slew his son Zechariah . Prov. 17. 7. Excellent speech becometh not a foole , much lesse does lying lips a Prince . Ingratitude , and unfaithfulnesse , is bad in any , but worse in a Prince , who have wherewith to reward good service , but do not . 6. Look well that your Courtiers , and Counsellers prove not flatterers : 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 : flatterers are Crows , Prov. 26. 28. A flattering mouth worketh ruine . How many such mouthes are about great ones , and how much do they worke their ruine ? 1 Kings 22. 12. All the Prophets prophesied saying , Goe up to Ramoth Gilead and prosper : but that prosperity was his death , v. 37. for the King died . It s the unhappinesse of great ones that they have few to speak truth to them ; men rather seeke to please the humour of great men , or to serve themselves upon them , then to speak plaine and faithfully to them . CHAP. XIV . Vnfolds the seventh Position , That Princes being wicked , people grow wicked too ; because . 1. The power and place of Princes , present wickednesse under another hue . 2. Then good Laws are not executed . 3. Then wickednesse is established by a Law. 4. Because then the Preists fall in . 5. People follow examples of great ones . Vses . ALI sin is of a spreading nature , and the sins of Princes are most spreading ; their sins undoe their power ( as you heard ) I , and their people too , as appears in the seventh Position . Princes being wicked , people grow wicked too , Prov. 29. 12. If a Ruler hearken to lyes , all his servants are wicked : he will not want those that will feed a lying , proud , uncleane humour in them . A wicked King makes a wicked Court , the Court infects the City , and the City the Country , and one Country another . Sin is an epidemical plague , and soon spreads the infection ; and the strongest infection is from the highest powers as appears , Because , 1. Wickednesse in men of high place is misrepresented to the people ; it comes to them in another dresse , and under another hue then indeed it hath ; people are so foolish to conceit all well that great ones do . Joh. 7. 48. Do any of the Rulers believe ? they thought unbeliefe no sin , because the Rulers believed not . Pride in Princes is lookt on but as Statelinesse ; their Luxury , living freely ; their Wantonnesse , Court pleasure and merriment ; and their Oppression , their praerogative : What we would abominate coming from meaner persons , we fall down and magnifie in them . We read 2 Kings 3. 36. whatsoevor the King did , pleased the people ; and if he do wickedly , that will please them too ; and they are ready to fall in with their wickednesse . 2. Wicked Princes leave Gods Law unexecuted , and wickednesse unpunished ; and this layes the rains on the neck of the peoples lusts ; what are laws to them if not executed ? who would not be during in sin , when he can escape free ? Under-Magistrates move according to the nature and motion of the Supreame : If his motion be irregular , theirs will prove excentrical ; if the one sell places , the other will sell justice : None look after Magistrates , and they as little look to their unde - officers ; and so , all wickednesse hath a free course . 3. Because we finde wickednesse established then as by a law , and that opens all the fountains of hellish deeps , and makes a deluge of sin to drown men in . When wickednesse gets the Throne , and mischeife is framed by a Law ; then as it is verse 21. wo be to the souls of the righteous , and the blood of the innocent : Honor virtutis praemium : Honour should be the reward of virtue ; but when it is misplaced , and become the reward of villany , not virtue ; when prophanation of holy times , and things , shall be ushered in with his Majesties declaration and book of sports : now he is scarce a good subject reputed , that is not a good dancer and sporter then . When roguish Stage-players shall passe as his Majesties servants , who dares hinder the actings of their wickednesse ? and will not people follow it faster then they can act ? yes , and it may be , out act them too ? yes surely . 4. Because of the Preists of the Nation . It hath still been in all times like Prince , like Preist ; Kings had their Bishops , Bishops their Chaplains , Chaplains their Friends and acquaintance to cry up his sacred Majesty , his blessed memory , and happy reigne : when if sifted . we shall not finde much truth in any of their assertions . Ahab had his Prophets crying Goe up to Ramoth Gilead and prosper , when God neither commanded the going up , nor promised the prosperity . Will it not promote ungodlinesse when the Leaders of the people cause them to erre , and commend such bad examples to them ? like Prince and like Preist , and Hos . 4. 9. like Preist , like people . 5. People are mightily led by example , and no example so potent as that of great ones ; men affect to please them , hoping they may by their greatnesse do for them ; or fearing if they conforme not to them , it may prove their prejudice . Regis ad exemplum totus componitur orbis , all the World is moulded by the example of their Kings : What shoales of Drunkards will wallow in their mire , and reele in your streets , when the Prince loves bottels of Wine ? Good God! how will men stretch their wits to invent new oaths and curses , when the Prince is a Blasphemer : wickednesse seems to come off with a grace from these Grandees ; and how punctually will gracelesse ones follow their perverse wayes ? 1. How much have sinful Rulers to answer for , not onely their own sins , but other mens also ? how many sons of B●lial do they bring forth by their example , and multiply guiltinesse on their own accounts ? Princes implead people for faction , sedition , tumults and riots , and not without cause : But may not people indite them for bad example , for setting the blurred coppies that they write after ? and may not Princes blame themselves for making the people first wicked and then rebellious ? Again see 2. Examples move much , plus movent quam miracula , yea more then miracles . Miracles are cause of present wonder ; But are soon forgotten ; examples are repeated and daily before us : Example is a short way to good or evil : Oh! then look about you , whoever you are , that are above others . Magistrates , Ministers , Captains , Parents and Masters of Families ; you of all others , should be burning and shining lights , holding out the word of truth in your godly conversation to your people and souldiers ; Husbands , Parents , Masters , obseve your duty in your dignity , and so deport your s●lves , as your Consorts , Children , Servants , may see their rule in your actions . 3. Take notice ( People ) what great wickednesse is rooted and rivetted in you ; you could not take that impression from evil example without ( as you do ) if you had not a body of sin within : oh thank your naughty hearts , for being so soon tainted . Satan comes to our Saviour and findes nothing in him , Joh. 14 ▪ 30. but in us he findes a strong party for him . Indite your wicked , proud , passionate , uncleane , ungodly Natures , for your forwardnesse , too too great forwardnesse to follow what is evil ; the theives within open to those without , and both ●ob and spoile . 4. Lastly , how just is it that you suffer from Princes , when you grow sinful from them ? can you be content to follow them in evil , and be discontented to receive evil from them ? little doe you know how your following hardens and encourageth them in sin ; they grow worse and worse , and you help to make them so : no wonder if you finde them bitter to you , when they finde you wicked against God. CHAP. XV. Opens the eight Position ; namely , That abuse of Power and wickednesse of People , adapt to Civil War , as appears . 1. In that pride in Princes produceth pride in people . 2. Pride introduceth Luxury . 3 Luxury poverty . 4. Poverty discontent . 5. Discontent meditation on their pressures . 6. That meditation an unwillingnesse to payments for publick service . 7. They forsake their Trades . 8. They feare more then they feele . 9. Incendiaries augment their feare . 10. These incendiaries have many followers . Vse . YOu have heard of Power abused , Chap. 12. and how the sins of Princes tend to break that power , Chap. 13. and that when Princes are wicked , people prove so also . Let us now see all these joyned together in this eighth Position . That abuse of power in Princes , and wickednesse in people , adapt to Civil War. Rehoboams abuse of power caused the ten Tribes to rend from him ; and the wickednesse of the Benjamites caused the people of Israel to war against them . 1. Abuse of power sticks much upon some serious and godly spirits ; it did so on our Worthies in that long Parliameut : Worthies I call them ; for truly they did worthily in their time : and we know how sensible they were of the Supreame abused misled Power , how oft they petitioned , how long they treated , and treated , waited and waited , and at last were forced to defend themselves : In which defence , God and their consciences , and we can testifie , how tenderly they proceeded , and how unwillingly they were drawn to act at last as they did . It will not stand with the wisdome of some men to see the Laws ( which are the wisdome of our Ancestors put forth with power and Authority ) to see them I say , trampled upon , and foolish self-will exalted : The courage of others cannot brooke unjust commands over their persons and demands of their estates . Some beleeve God hath invested them and theirs with a liberty which they cannot lightly part withall ; but are tyed to maintaine . Others conceive they are betrusted with publicke interest , and therefore dare not but speake plainly , and act boldly . Some feare they should offend , by ●infull silence and subjection . Other feare they should be unfaithfull to those in power to see them abuse it , and not let them know it : All are sensible of power abused , would faine have abused power rectified ; but if to the abuse of power , there be added perversnesse , and supremacy of will , cease to wonder if you meet with a disposition to warr , yea the worse of warrs , a civil warre . These wise , couragious , conscientious Men , are leading men , and have many followers ; their good affection to their Countrey being so oft tryed and known , obliges their countryes hearts to them : How many have bin made wise by their wisdoms , and instructed by them in principles of power and state , which they never knew , and begin to be acquainted with the terriers and boundaryes of prerogative and liberty ? Courage is not confin'd to leaders , but is that which is competible to those under command , who share in it as well as they that lead them . Our great Councell found that if they d●rst lead , they should not , nor did not , want followers , yea fighters too : I think never nation had such a Parliament , nor Parliament such souldiers . It was our happinesse , we had so many conscientious , as well as couragious men : and surely as courage , so conscience prevailed with many , yea exceeding many , both commanders and commanded : How glad were many poore , precious soules , to see those whom they had chosen , to make lawes for them , to endeavour to keepe a good couscience toward God and toward Men , towards Authority and those under it ! And sure it could not but rejoyce the hearts of those conscientious worthyes , to finde so many to love & pray for them night and day : let them looke to their Conscience , in what they command ▪ for they still found a ready conscience in them to obey . How many dayes and nights too , have bin spent on one side in councell , on the other in fasting and prayer ! oh the frequent and fervent meetings and prayers , that we have had , and now reape the answers of ! what a mighty spirit of grace did God poure out on Pastors and people , on Captains and souldiers ; on Counsels and congregations , that we may truely say , Never such a praying Parliament , a praying city , a praying army , and a praying people as we have had ; and all this occasioned by abuse of power . See the height of Gods goodnesse , that can and doth bring light out of darknesse , sweetnesse out of bitternesse , and good out of evill : little did those then in power intend to draw forth such a spirit of prayer ; but though they intended evil , God turned it to good : But all this while we speak but of one party . Nullū bellum utrinque justum . No war , & so no civil war can be just on both sides . It s the miserable fate of war , that besides all the misery of it , there is unavoidably iniquity cleaving to one side , or other . We have yet bin speaking of the better side ; but let us looke , and you will finde folly as well as wisdome , and wickednesie as well as conscience , nay more , and in more , to adapt to civill war : for Pride in Princes produceth pride in people : It inrageth their hearts , when they see they are not owned as Brethren , but abused as slaves , 1 Kings 12. 13. Rehoboam answers the people roughly : and vers . 16. the people return as bad an answer , What portion have we in David ? and what inheritance in the son of Jesse ? To your tents , O Israel . How doe they grudge the unworthy flattering Courtier , the ingrossing of their princes love , which they should share in , and not have all contracted and centred in a favorite ? How did their stomacke rise to see vile persons preferred , and their betters slighted , and laide aside ? Pride introduceth Luxury : when mens minds are high , then they thinke how to live high , in their dyet , apparrell , pleasures , recreations , entertainments : how wel might many live if their minds were suited to their state , a low minde , with a low state ! How happily do many live , that never live to see a hundred pound of their own together ! but when Men aspire to be like those above them , when their state wil not bear it , it utterly breakes them . 3. Luxury of people introduceth poverty : He that loveth pleasure , shall be a poor man ; and he that loveth wine and oyl , shall not be rich , Prov. 21. 17. When men indulge their palates , gratifie their appetites , exceed in pleasures , gaming , apparrel ; poverty comes on them like an armed man. 4. Poverty makes people discontented , and those most who have been rich , and have made themselves poor : Now they think of what they had , but have not what they had , but spent , and spent unreasonably : Now they would be glad of that which they profusely lavished out to releive their extreamity ; they cannot worke , and to beg they are ashamed ; and thus they pine and whine in discontent . 5. A discontented people meditate their pressurs beside their poverty ; and begin to think what hath been done by such as themselves in former times ; and what ? have they lost their English blood and spirits ? and shall they betray themselves and their posterity into slavery ? for so they call due obedience . No , no , never they ; it shall never be said so of them : and presently in this discontent conclude themselves strong enough in their multitude , how weak so ever other wayes . 6. All payments for publick use ( how necessary and reasonable so ever ) are decryed and op●osed : they conclude themselves oppressed , and not pittied ; burthened and not eased . 1 Kings 12. 18. Rehoboam sent Adoram who was over the Tribute , and they stoned him with stones that he died . New Customes , Impost , Leavies , Cesses , Taxes , and Excise , do much regret upon them ; and were it not for fear , would never be paid . Those that appear or speak for these payments , they are strait way condemned as common adversaries of publick Liberty , and friends to Tyranny . 7. People grow lazie , and weary of their Trades , and now cry , away , away with following their Arts , Callings , and Occupations , which peace had trained them up to , and improved them in , and wherein God had blessed them , to maintaine themselves and their families : These they look upon now as poor and low wayes ; and determine that its better be marching , loytering , plundering abroad , then at home stitching , weaving , plowing , and such like . 8. They feele much want , and feare more ; and that drives them on to a despaire , and desperation to a sturdinesse of spirit , and crossnesse of resolution ; Pr●stat perire semel quam quotidie : If the worst come to the worst , it s better to perish once then daily : things are bad now , and will be worse ; we may complaine , but we look for no redresse ; better die then starve , once then ever , speedily then lingringly . 9. There be many Incendiaries to augment their feares : All Ages and Countries have bred such crafty ones , who love and live in troubled waters : Now is their time to plot and plead , to tell those who are rich , that the State will pill and poll them , so as to leave them poor enough . They perswade poor ones , that they cannot be worse then they are ; they have nothing to lose , and they may gain something by changes ; alterations will make them rich ; they distil into some mens mindes , that Government is but some mens policy to keep themselves in power , and others in feare ; and why may not they be as able to rule others , as others them ? 10. These Incendiaries have many followers ; they meet with many that sucke in greedily their discourse , and are very credulous of their flattering whispers . How much do these beutifews work up their disciples to a rage ? and if they can highten that rage into a tumult , and tumult to a farther mischiefe , they think themselves gallant men , and they have acted their parts well enough . Now ambitious men , who thought all this while that they have been unduely kept from honour , pirk up themselves , as having a season to rise and head a discontented multitude . Now follows a use to Princes , to People , to All. 1. To Princes you are not strong in your power , but in the good use of it ; you are apt to cry out of the people that they are factious , seditious , mutinous , and it may be they are so ; but are you free ? are you guiltlesse ? have not you tempted them thereto by your unjust dealing ? Pharoah complains of the Israelites ; You are idle , you are idle ; but never eased their burdens . When people are stubborn , refractory , giddy , and disobedient toward you , may not you then recall your disobedience to Christ , and injuries to them ? and conclude , God is just , though the people be wicked and unthankful ? No marvel if they fall short in obeying , when you exceed in commanding : what wonder if they pitty and seek to help themselves , when their shepherds do not pitty them ? You take it ill , and justly you may , that men speak evil of you , and your government , and you call it Treason ; but withal examine , do not you Lord it over them , with a Sic volo , sic jubeo , volumus & mandamus ? We will and command ; and it may be with more will then reason ; do not you give them just cause to complaine ? 2. A word to the people ; You cry out of Wars , cruel Wars , the worst of Wars , Wars in our own bowels : our Wives are husbandlesse , our Children fatherlesse , our Fathers childelesse , our Houses desolate , our Estate wasted ; Trading decayes , but Cesses increase ; we have spent so much blood , and yet no peace : we thought now and then , by this or that meanes , by Parliament , Council or Army , we should have been settled ; but we finde we are far from it . Oh! the times ! hard times , evil times , never worse ! But all this while , you forget that you have made them so . Your wickednesse , unthankfulnesse , pride , luxury , have set the hearts of Governours against you , and set you one against another . James tells us , Jam. 4. 1. Wars and fightings come from your lusts that war in your members . How much , how exceeding much better were it ( if you must be fighting ) to take up the ancient Christian weapons , of Prayer and Teares , to implead and persecute your sins . Now followes a word to all . Admire with all admiration the riches of Gods goodnesse ; that though those who have been in power have abused it , and themselves ; and those under power , have abused the powers they should be under , and their liberty too : That yet , yet , God in much mercy hath restrained so far the rage and actings of men , that we have not daily insurrections : and that although there have been Armies formed in Scotland , Ireland , England , he hath subdued and scattered them ; and while I am now writing , behold many renewed and reboubled causes of admiration ; that though there have been ( I wish I could not say among the Saints ) a froward , pettish , grumbling , discontented spirit , boyling over with unruly passions , and some breaking forth into horrid riots , as in Salisbury : yet God hath scattered and suppressed them ; Blessed , for ever blessed be his Name . Oh! that all , high and low , Governours and governed , would follow after righteousness , and judgement ; That , that , would be the stability of their rule and peace ; Fiat justitia ne ruat Mundus : Let justice run down like a streame , and righteousness like a mighty torrent ; then shall our peace be abundant , and our prosperity be increased : Who ever lost by doing well , or gained by evil doing ? Gaine is what remaines to a man , omni damno deducto , when all his loss is computed ; Righteousness may suffer for the present , but it will greatly advantage in the end . CHAP. XVI . Opens the ninth Position , That Civil VVars cause fatal Turnes ; which appears in that 1. Government is destroyed . 2. Laws are not heard . 3. Religion is slaine . 4. Learning and Trading are dead . 5. A rich people are made poor . 6. No safety to any . 7. Plantations are nipt in the bud . 8. The victory is to be lamented . Vses . COncord and agreement is the health of a State ; and when a State is in health , their little , yea their least things grow , and grow prosperously : Concordia parvae res cresunt ; their little number and learning , their little estate and traffick , yea their religion and good manners , all grow : But sedition is the sicknesse that infeebles their strength , so that no person in his place can well performe his duty ; it pines away their comfort , and convulsions them into an irregular motion : sedition doth so much ; I , but Civil War is a sicknesse unto death , yea the death it selfe of a Common-wealth . Hence your ninth Position . Civil Wars produce ruinous fatal Turnes and changes . Farewel all publick life , activity and comfort , when Civil wars prevaile . A State may live and live gallantly in a war-faring condition , as in Holland ; l , but it is the States of the Vnited Provinces ; Their arrows must be tyed together among themselves , though headed to wound their adversaries . A Kingdome divided against it selfe cannot stand . See this in these eight passages ensuing . 1. Civil war destroyes government ; That which you heard was set up by Christ , and so much for the good of the World , is here taken away . We may justly take up a bitter lamentation , to see the Magistrate and Officers of justice and peace to be despised . Lam. 2. 6. In the indignation of his anger he hath despised the King : here , here , is that sad state of B●llum omnium contra omnes , a war of all against all ; as it s spoken of Ishmael , Gen. 16. 12. His hand against every man , and every mans hand against him ; so here : but most deplorable it is to see those who beare the sword of justice slighted , put down , abused . The honour of Citizens and people , is collected into their Magistrates , Judges , and Justices of the Peace ; but here in Civil wars , it is buried , laid in the dust . 2. Equity and Laws , are not heard in Civil wars : Those Laws that guide men to their edification and peace , are not regarded . Silent leges inter arma : The Laws are silent when weapons speak . — Barbarus Hostis Vt fera plus valeant legibus arma facit . The barbarous souldier makes weapons more prevaile then Law : Let the law speak never so much reason , peace and profit , yet they slight it : Now will and lust is law , lawlesse law ! We pitty men in Bedlam , in their frensy fits , deprived of reason , acting more like beasts then men : In Civil wars , insaniunt omnes , all men are mad , cutting their own throats , slaying the life of all their comforts at once . Laws are Gods wisdome , found and held out by men for our good : but how little is God or man , their wisdome or our own good regarded here ? Nothing but oppression and unjustice , pillaging and plundering is looked after . Terras Astraea reliquit . Judgement is turned away backward , and justice standeth afar off ; for truth is fallen in the street , and equity cannot enter . 3. Civil wars slayes Religion and Devotion : Victa jacet pietas . You shall meet with oathes , cursing , raging , railing , but no prayer ; they fight and destroy , but call not upon God. — Fugêre pudor , verumque , fidesque , In quorum subiere locum , fraudesque , dolique , Insidiaeque , & vis , & Amor sceleratus habendi . Modesty , truth and faithfulnesse , are fled away , and cozenage and deceit are come in their place . Let the faithful servants of Christ cry aloud , and not spare ; tell them again and again of their sins and transgressions ; yet who believeth their report ? Let me allude to that in Lam. 2. 6. They violently take away the Tabernacle , and destroy the places of the Assembly , and cause the solemne Feasts and Sabbaths to be forgotten in Sion , and no remembrance of any thing but of their Abominations . 4. Down fall Learning and Trading , which maintaine the glory of a Nation : alas they are now quite dead . Study of Tongues and Arts , Philosophy , Divinity , the Secrets of Nature , the Mysteries of the Gospel , are now laid aside . The Methods of training up Children to be serviceable in Church or State , are undervalued . How extensive is this evil , that reacheth the child unborn , who hath cause to curse it , in that it shall want good education ? Men now had rather have bare shops , then shops well furnished ; their shops empty , rather then full for an enemy : The Husbandman will not plow , when he hath not hopes to reape ; or sow those feilds which he thinkes Horse or Foot will trample or eate up . — Non ullus aratro Dignus honor , squallent abductis arva colonis , Et curvae rigidum falces conflantur in ensem . There is now no respect to the Plough ; the feilds lie fallow , because the husbandmen are taken away , and crooked sickles are turned into cruel swords . Merchants are now embargoed , they cannot receive their returns , because they are surprized by the way ; and they are unwilling to send forth , least they should adde to their surprizers . 5. Civil wars make a rich people poor , and a strong people weake : Divitiae sanguis reipublicae . Riches are the blood of the Common-wealth ; but these wars strick so in that veine , that the Common-wealth even bleeds to death . Trading being stopped , hinders the coming in of wealth ; and Souldiers will take care to ease you of what you have : It s not any good cause , but money that many fight for . Souldiers of fortune , or rather without fortune , would not care if both sides were beaten and undone ; so they might have to swill and pipe , to hunt and whore withal . Mistake me not , I abhor to reflect on honest Commanders or souldiers : I believe our Nation can produce the most and best of them in the World ; and which is a wonder , souldiers being used to take away what is precious ; God hath engaged us to that rank of men for all the precious things we do enjoy : But yet we know all are not so ; and that many Families can speak by sad experience . 6. No safety to any in war : Nulla salus bello ; so much is that great Law inverted , that now Destructio populi suprema Lex ; Not the safety , but the destruction of the people , is the great Law. Their work and businesse is to slay and burne , pluck up and pull down , ruine and destroy . How many Countries , Towns , Villages , Families and Persons , have we known desolate and without inhabitant ? How many stately Edifices , the seats of Noble Families , have we seen levelled with the ground , and the owners know them no more ? Behold the justice of an avenging God ; do not some of the members of the greatest Family that was in our Nation , wander like Vagabonds , from one Country to another , being burdensome where ever they become ? and enjoy nothing of all that their Ancestors possessed , but possessed their wickednesse . How many of both sides complain that they are undone ; some by their enemies , others by their friends ? I know my selfe where a good Gentleman suffered more in one night , by some of his own party , then some of his neighbours paid in some years Cesses . 7. Good Plantations which are the children of the Common-wealth , that swarme out from them and hive in a forreigne Country , how are they nipt in the bud , by Civil wars ? They are gone from you , but so as they cannot live well without you . Methinks I hear those many thousands of precious souls in New England complaine , that they are forced to goe too like the Natives , almost naked , and all because they cannot have cloaths from their friends , who were wont to send to their refreshment ; and now they here need what formerly they spared them . Harke , harke , the cry of Virginia , Barbados and other places , who say ; God is good to us in giving us Commodities , but we have no Market for them ; your wars obstruct our returns . If you will not regard the cry among your selves , yet let the cry of many thousands of us , so many leagues off , ring a peale in your eares . Oh for Gods sake , for truth sake , for yonr enemies sake , agree agree : Will you at once destroy your selves , and kill us at this distance ? The Lord awaken your hearts , and soften them to a speedy setled composure . 8. Lastly , even the victories of Civil wars are much to be lamented . In other victories men use to ride in Triumph ; but sad , sad is the Triumph here ; whom have you overcome ? not strangers or forreigners , but your Brethren ; such whom formerly you lived and rejoyced with , bought and sold with ; nay it may be fasted and prayed with ; and now these you have cut off . How little did the Children of Israel Triumph Judg. 21. 6 ? They repented them for Benjamin their Brother , and said , There is a Tribe cut off from Israel this day ; so true is that saying , In bellis civilibus nihil miserius quamipsa Victoria . In Civil wars nothing more miserable then the Victory it selfe . 1. Learne hence to admire the exceeding goodnesse of Gods gracious providence , that we who have been so many years under such severe wars , are yet a Nation ; after so many seiges , pitched battles , daily fightings and skirmishes , in one , in another County , nay almost in all Counties of the Nation : and in one Nation after another ; In Ireland , Scotland and England , by Sea and by Land , that we are yet a live Nation ; and a Nation enjoying much more Peace , Plenty , and Liberty too , I say more then other Nations ; liberty of person , state , and which is most of all , of Conscience : Oh blessed , for ever blessed be our gracious God , that although we have had this woful division , as yet he hath not given us up to the desolation ; to a wilderness state as the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifies , Math. 12. 25. Erect monuments of his mercy , and let your children know how great things God hath done in your dayes , for them and you . 2. Consider how much you are engaged to those in present power , by whose care and counsel , as instruments in Gods hand , it comes to passe that these wars break not forth again . We that live on the Sea Coast observe , that though the winde be laid , and the storme over , yet there is an unquietnesse in the waves for some time after a storme . God that rideth on the heavens for our help , and in his excellency on the skie , hath calmed our storme : yet alas ! how many spirits still boyle unduely ? how ready are men to renew another Civil war ? and are we not beholding to their wisdome and power , that prevents such sad returns ? Oh be still , be still ; let not God heare your murmurings , and repinings , and sad not those whom God makes means of your safety and preservation . 3. We should look on some inconveniences as eligible , when they be in a way to prevent what is fatally ruinous . T is true , Excise is heavy , and Taxes burdensome ; but is not Civil war worse ? It s impossible to conceive the management of publick affairs without publick expense ; and is it not great weaknesse to grumble at that which is so just and necessary ? But it may be you complain you are over-cessed , dealt unequally withal ; suppose that ; but is that so bad as to have all taken , and nothing left you ? I , but this was not so in former times ; nay it is worse now , then it was then ; we grumbled at a little Ship-money , at Court and Conduct-money ; alas that is but a flea-biting to what we feele now . But do you not feele enough ? but would you feele more ? who brought you into this condition ? had not your selves the greatest hand in it ? and will you complain for what your selves have brought on your selves ? It would refresh the hearts of those in place to finde you in such a condition of safety , as that these charges might be spared ; but till that time come , they should not be faithful to you , to take them off ; nor will you doe your selves right , except you beare them . 4. It should be far from us to begin , promote , or abet any Civil war : It shews the highth of the wickednesse of our quarrelsome spirits , that rather then you will not be fighting , you will devour one another : Saevis inter se convenit Vrsis , feirce Beares agree among themselves . Far be it from you , to make or take up causes of breaches among your selves ; doubt not , you will finde more then enough abroad : why will you sad the heart of your friends , and rejoyce your enemies ? Oh tell it not in Gath , and publish it not in the streets of Askalon , lest those that hate you hear it and rejoyce . Surely the divisions of Ruben cause great thoughts of heart . How good and pleasant were it for Brethren to dwell together in unity ! that would be as the precious diffused oyntment , a refreshing dew , which hath a commanding blessing , yea life in it . What ? What evil have good and wholesome Laws done you , that you take a course to break them ? is that the requital for all the provision and protection you have had by them ? will you pluck up your fences and lay your inclosures common ? Magistrates , as well as Ministers , are called Shepherds , and both watch over you ; one for your spiritual , the other for your civil good : and will you damp and discourage them ? will you tempt them to fling off all ? or if they hold their charge , must it be with a burdened minde ? Call to minde your Religion , your Religion : is that nothing to you ? can you think to have a religious being , when it s in dispute , whether you shall have a being or no ? can you finde your Oratories in the Campe ? or your Christian , sweet Christian meetings in their courts of Guard ? Will the swearing and cursing there , teach you to pray and praise ? Can ambition , lust , impudence , coveteousnesse , luxury , revenge , cruelty , envy , violation of covenants , feare , sorrow , please you ? Is not the voyce of your sweet singer of Israel better then the roaring of Canons , and beating of Drums , and sounds of Trumpets ? is not the still voyce of the Bridegroome more pleasant , then Arme , Arme , Horse , Horse , away , away ▪ they come , they come ; fall on , fall on ? How do you like your thin Markets and Shops , and your Ships to be laid up ? and the tidings that your Vessels abroad came within sight of land , and yet were surprized , or sunk by the enemy , and so never came home ? Should it not greive you to be made poor , to make your enemies rich ? that Shops and Ships , Chests and Bags , should be emptied for them that will never give you thanks ? But why do I mention these things ? What is estate to life , and the losse of your goods to the continual feare and sorrow that you were in night and day ? When you are at home , every knock at your door renews your fears , that others are come to take away that which the former company left . Deare loving Wives , have you forgot the feares you were in for your careful Husbands ? Parents ; surely you will remember your sorrows for your sons , of whose death you daily expected tidings ; and the feare for your daughters is not yet off : you feared least they should be abused to the lust of a wicked villaine . I should offer violence to your ingenuous resolutions to urge more arguments ; you are sufficiently instructed in the evil of these wars ; I onely beseech you to remember what you have seen and felt . And now , one word to you who are the Saints of the most High : You have a God to goe unto , a Throne of grace open ; he that is King of the World , and Lord of peace and war , is your Saviour : oh to your weapons , you prayers and teares , that peace and truth may be in your dayes , and in your childrens after you . Oh let not your hearts be at a distance one from another , or from this praying work . Beset the Throne of grace , ring a peale of prayers in the eares of the Almighty ; lay hold upon him , and wrastle with him , give him not over till you prevaile ; It s of great concernment what you come to him for ; it s his interest as well as yours ; it s not the good of some , but the good of all you come for . Oh then make haste , make haste , prostrate your selves humbly before him ; for you will God accept , and your voyce will be pleasant , and your countenance comely before him . CHAP. XVII . Handles the tenth Position , That Neighbour Princes fall off from us , or come forth against us when we are imbroyled in Civil Wars : This is explained in shewing , 1. That God hath bounded all Nations . 2. Confederacy is needful for a Nation . 3. It s of great concernment with whom you confederate . 4. Islanders have more liberty therein then others . 5. We may break with our confederates . 6. They may breake from us . 7. They may be destroyed . 8. VVe may break at home , though we have peace abroad . 9. Our distractions tempt our confederates to fall from us . 10. And opportunes our enemies to invade upon us . Vses . CIvil Wars do not onely cause turnings , but overturnings , and of that which is nearest and dearest amongst us . It sets the father against the son , and son against the father , one brother and friend against another ; but that is not all , it extends likewise to incite Neighbour Nations against us ; and this leads us to consider the tenth Position , That Neighbour Princes fall off from us , or come forth against us , when we are imbroyled in Civil wars . We cannot open the many and wasting evils which attend Civil wars ; one and not the least , is the unfaithfulnesse of Neighbour Nations : which that you may the better conceive , we shall thus explaine . 1. That God hath bounded and limited Nations in their territories , as well as particular persons in their posses●ions . Acts 17. 26. God who hath made of one blood all Nations of men for to dwell on all the face of the earth , and hath determined the times before appointed , and the bounds of their habitation . Out of which place I observe four things . 1. That God makes Nations of men as well as men ; that is , that he continueth so many Families and Persons together as make a Nation . 2. Hemakes them to dwell on the face of the earth ; that is , makes them to reside , work and continue in one place , and not to be shifting and wandring up and down : Habitare est plus quam morari : To ●well is more then to stay in a place ; for it s to stay so as to lay forth a mans selfe in a setled constant way . 3. That he appoints their dwelling ; that is , that Nation for this place , and another Nation for another place , and a third Nation for another place : this is plain from Deut. 2. 5. Meddle not with the children of Esau ; for I will not give you of their Land ; no not so much as a footbreath , because I have given Mount Seir unto Esau for a possession . 4. God bounds their habitations ; hitherto they must come and no farther ; thus much they must have and no more . The children of Israel must have so much and no more ; and the children of Esau , so much and no more : and what Israel hath , Esau must not meddle with ; and what Esau hath , Israel must not meddle with : and thus one Nation borders on another , and one Island is neere another . 2. Confederacy is as needful for a Nation or Kingdome , as for a Family or person : Vae Soli : wo to him that is alone , is extendible to a Nation ; wo to a Nation that is alone . Tyre and Sidon was nourished by Herods Country , Acts 12. 20. and therefore they conclude a Peace with him . As in Gods dealing with men , he hath given some of his gifts to all men ; all to none ; So in Countries , God giveth to one that which another wanteth . Thus Spain hath Wine and Fruits ; England Wool and Cloth ; that so there may be mutnal intercourse between Nation and Nation . Thus their was a League between Solomon and Hiram , 1 Kings 5. 12. and between Asa King of Judah , and Ben-hadad King of Syria , 1 Kings 15. 8 , 9. 3. It s of great concernment what , and with whom confederacy is concluded . Judg. 2. 2. Ye shall make no League with the inhabitants of this land ; ye shall throw down their Altars : The Psalmist gives the reason , Psal . 106. 35. They were mingled among the Heathen , and learned their works . God likes not league with Idolaters ; and why should we ? But if wisdome and necessities of State urge a Peace for a season ; yet why , oh why , should the subjects of this Nation , while they are conversant about their lawful occasions , be liable to that bloody cursed Inquisition ? they are hindred to declare what God hath taught them of his truth , and exposed to exceeding cruel dealing . It is one of the plots of Antichrist to continue their Subjects in superstitious darknesse , and to shut out all light they can . I am confident that God will pluck it down , although all the craft and interest of Jesuites be put forth to maintain it . 4. Islands have more liberty of choyce as to their confederates then they that live in a Continent : They are immediately bounded by the Sea , others by Frontier Towns. It may be God hath separated us in this Island of Great Brit●aine from all the World , Toto divisos orb● Britannos , that so we of this Nation might not be unduely fettered by confederacy , but act more freely for him . I finde in ●ambden that Regnum Angliae , Regnum Dei : the Kingdome of England is called Gods Kingdome ; because none seeme to care for it but God. And doth God take care for us ? Surely we should then care for him , and his interest , and we need not care or feare what men can do against us . 5. It s possible we may have cause to break with those with whom we have been confederate , as we did with Scotland ; and this will produce great change . How neer were we and the Scots in League ? We were Brethren that covenanted , fasted , and prayed together , engaged and fought together : but if they will be our Lords , which were our friends ; if they endeavonr to beare rule over our Land , and Consciences too ; and if we cannot bow down and let them tread upon us , they will then by an Army seek to force it . Wonder not if we endeavour to defend our selves ; and so break from them . 6. It s possible some may break unjustly from us , as our Brethren of Scotland did , and not they alone , but others also : The Lord forgive our Brethren of Holland , and lay not their unkinde dealing to their charge . They gained mnch by our losses ; many of our ships which should have come to our Ports , were consigned to theirs : but this contents them not , they thought to have been our Masters . I shall never forget their vaunting appearance in Dover Road ; and withal Gods goodnesse in lowing and scattering of them then and there . 7. Those with whom you are in league may be devoured by their adversaries , and then so much of your hedge is broken . I wish our friends so well , that I would never have them fall out among themselves , and so make themselves a prey to their adversaries : But such a thing may be ; and if it should , would it not produce new Counsels and Actions , new Turnes and Changes among us ? 8. It s possible notwithstanding all your Unitings and Leagues abroad , you may be disjoynt at home . We had peace with France , Spain , and Holland , when we had War in England : and how little could their interposition effect our agreement ? Nay our Union remotely did occasion our dissention , while those in power plotted to be like those with whom they were in league , to be as absolute over us , as they over their Subjects : did not their actings to this end produce their Tyranny , and our Misery ? Little may we expect 〈◊〉 strangers , when we are not wise for our own good : is peace good abroad ? and is it not better at home ? and yet how little had we of that better peace ? 9. This distraction tempts your friends to shake you off : Nullus ad amissas ibit Amicus opes : When wealth is gone , friends are gone too . Now danger is at the door of our neighbours , Damnum immane . They think it possible a prevailing party among us may turne against them , and it concerns them to look to that ; how ever it brings them to a Neutrality , and that increaseth and lengtheneth our divisions , as we found in the temper of the Dutch , before the last War and Peace . There is not onely danger likely , but there is lucrum cessans , a stop of the hope of gain : our neighbours rightly judge , that they can expect little help from us , so long as our troubles among our selves continue : our own condition gives us so full an imployment for our selves , that we cannot attend their interest and their good . 10. Lastly , it opportunes your confederates to become your enemies : Accipe dum dolet , take your fee while the patient is sick , is the Physitians maxime ; it will come shorter and more heavily afterward . Simeon and Levi came on the Sechem●es when they were sore ; and when you are weak , your confederates will strengthen themselves ; they hope for a party within you , when you fall out among your selves ; they expect not onely your weakenesse , but their own strength by it : Divide et impera ; your divisions will make them reigne . Me thinks I heare them cry , On , On , take , persue , for they are divided ; and sometimes God gives one Nation a Commission against another , Isa . 7. 18. I will hisse for the flie of Egypt , and for the bee that is in the land of Assyria . God can as easily destroy a Nation as a person ; He needs but hisse , and the Flie and the Bee come . God may have a controversie against you , and plead it out with you by your enemies . Peace and War are not made so much on earth by Kin●s and Councils , as by God in Heaven . 1. Let us see how little hope or help there is in men . You associate with neighbour Nations , and expect help and friendship from them ; but no sooner are we fallen out among our selves , but they keep at a distance from us : send to them , and you shall have crafty , dilatory answers ; the truth is , they are waiting which party will get the better , that ( if they joyne with any ) they may joyne with the strongest side . It may be you expect Men , or Money , or Ammunition from them ; but a few faire words is the most you shall get . These prove like Jobs friends , like winter brooks , or land floods , Job 6. 15. which overflow when you have no need ; but when the time waxeth warms they vanish : when its hot , they are consumed out of their place . Thus much Rabshekah could tell , Isa . 36. 6. Egypt was a broken staffe , and a reed , which if a man leane on , will run into his hand : And the Lord himselfe saith , Isa . 30. 3. The strength of Pharoah shall be your shame , and the trust in the shadow of Egypt your confusion ; and this we finde verified , v. 5. They were all ashamed of a people that could not profit , nor be an help , but be a shame , and also a reproach . 2. See what wickednesse is incident to Nations , as well as to particular persons ; to wit , to prey upon you when you are in misery , and to raise themselves out of your ruines . Job . 6. 14. To him that is afflicted pitty should be shewed from his friend : and is not the same pitty due much more to an afflicted Nation , from the friends and confederates thereof ? I but , men have forsaken the feare of the Almighty . Did men consider what notice God takes , how those whom he afflicts are dealt withal , they durst not serve themselves on them ; They durst not be like flesh-flies sucking the blood of their neighbours . Zach. 1. 15. is a notable place to this purpose : I am sore displeased with the Heathen that be at ease ; for I was but a little displeased , and they helped forward the affliction . Deut. 25. 17 , 18. The Prophet Moses bids Israel , Remember what Amaleke did to thee by the way , when ye were come forth out of Egypt , how he met thee by the way , and smote the hindmost of thee , even all that were feeble behind thee ; when thou wast faint and weary , and feared not God. I wish some amongst our deare Brethren of Holland , ( to whom I have been engaged , and whom I really love and honour ) would consider , whether something of the spirit of Tyrus ( who parallels them most of any Nation in Scripture ) be not , or hath not been found among some of them . Isa . 23. 18. Their Merchants are Princes , and their Traffiquers the honourable of the earth : Consider I say , whether some of Tyrus spirit have not stirrid too much in some amongst you : of whom it s said , Ezek. 26. 2. Tyrus hath said against Jerusalem , Ah she is broken that was the gates of the people : Fracta est Vrbs portis populosissima ; She is turned unto me ; her Trade and Traffique shall come to me ; I shall be replenished now she is laid waste . 3. Take hence a fresh argument against your Civil war , in that it blasteth all the help , comfort , counsel which you expect from your friends and allies . You shall by those Wars be left alone , to wrestle and tug it out with your own misery . It is a sad complaint we read of , Psal . 38. 11. My lovers and my friends stand aloofe from my sore , and my kinsman stand afar off . I would faine perswade my selfe we have smarted so much , and have not onely been scorched , but burnt in the fire , that we shall for ever dread it : But how is it that we heare , see , and experience the rising of rage , and the undue heart-boyling almost everywhere , in every man ! Will you bare your selves for your neighbours lashes ? will you invite them to your own ruine ? will you gratifie a malicious spirit in them ? Look into France , how nigh was the conclusion of peace between them and us ? and hath not hopes of divisions interrupted it ? Oh! at length , unite your hearts , hands , persons and prayers , that your neighbour Nations may be glad to sue for , and continue agreement with you . 4. Learne hence that it is a curious work to manage publick affairs in time of Civil War. They have many knotty , intricate occasions at home , and they must look narrowly unto them ; but withal they must look abroad too ; prevention of trouble from them abroad is as well to be minded , as easing of it at home . A desperate adversary will not sticke to call in any to their assistance : and rather then they will not obtain their revengful ends , they will invite and wellcome one to destroy you , although themselves sinke in that destruction . Had not they need of wisdome to close with some that they may do good to the publick , and with others that they may doe no harme ? to confirme peace with some , to break it with others ? All Nations imploy their wisest heads in their greatest transactions ; and I know none greater then what presents in Civil distractions , which call for the strength of wisdome . 5. Lastly , fall down before the glorious and gracious God , admire and adore him for his providences and protections over you . Behold he hath busied the neighbour Princes at home , so that they could not intend to fall on you . God set France against Spain , and Spain against France , that neither of them might be against England : Neither France nor Spain intended to contribute to your welfare . We are not ignorant how little good will they beare us , and how they would rejoyce at our haltings : and should not we blesse God who hath preserved us , and walke in the feare of the Lord because of these adversaries ? CHAP. XVIII . Opens the eleventh Position , viz. Hard dealings of neighbour Nations produce forreigne VVars , which arise 1. From the pride and lust of the ruling men in Neighbour Nations . 2. From their desire to be great alone . 3. They draw many followers after them . 4. They reckon our distractions their season . 5. Those who are hardly dealt withal , are very sensible of such dealing . 6. Resolve to deale with others , as they thought to have dealt with them . Vses . EVils come on us as Jobs messengers ; the first had scarce spake , but the second came , and so the third : or like Circles in the water , after a stone is thrown into it ; they come one upon another . It is a sad evil to have Wars at home , and its an addition to that evil to have them abroad too ; yet this hath been our condition which the eleventh Position will unfold . Vnkind and unjust dealings of Neighbour Nations toward a people harraced by Civil war , produce forreigne War. It was so of old between Israel and Amaleke Exod. 17. 8. when Israel were falling out among themselves , chiding at Massah and Meribah , then came Amaleke and fought with Israel . Now a long time after this , it s one of the prime workes that the first King of Israel must fall upon ; and he is commissionated from heaven to it , namely to fight with Amalek , 1 Sam. 15. 3. I remember what Amalek did to Israel , how he laid waite for him in the way when he came up from Egypt . Now goe and smite Amalek , and utterly dest●oy all that they have . We of this Nation were coming out of Egypt Civil and Spiritual ; we wanted not those who dealt unkindly with us then ; and what followed but a bloody forreigne War ? to give you an account of this , Observe . 1. The pride and lust of some ruling men caused those unkind and unjust dealings . When great men are led aside by sqint-eyedaims , and corrupt hopes of advantage ; when they are unduely biassed by their marriage , alliance , and corrupt interest , it layes a foundation of suffering for their neighbours . Some ruling men of neighbour Nations would be great , and they care not How , although war involves all persons , persons of all rankes , and conditions , into the evil and sufferings of it ; yet the beginnings of it are from a few persons , and those the greatest , but not alway the best . They conjecture and contrive great , and it may be , wicked things for themselves ; and others must act them : They would be higher , or greater ; and to make way for that , others must fall and sinke . 2. Those who are great , are desirous to be so alone : they are loth others should rise up to greatnesse by them ; liberty is sweet to them , but they would have others continue in their chains . Holland knows the good and sweet of Liberty ; but if England aspire to that condition , her great ones there will be angry . Excuse my seeming uncharitable thought , if I feare a spirit of envy or malice reigned too much among forreigne powers , together with a Politick feare that we might grow too great for them . Pharoah feared the multiplying of Israel , least they should fight against them , Exod. 7. 10. Malice is the worst of passions , and war the worst of conditions ; and surely the one proceeds from the other ; private quarrels from the malice of low ones ; but the malice of great ones riseth up to a War. 3. These great ( though evil ) Leaders soon obtain many followers . They pretend the good of many , and many are deceived by them ; what with feare and flattery , they engage all under them ; and what was in a few heads before , lies upon many hands now . The followers now speak the language of their first movers ; On , On , the day is ours ; we are strong , and they are weak ; Advance , advance , they will retreate ; what sometime Hamor said , Gen. 35. 23. Shall not their cattle & their substance , and every beast of theirs be ours ? So , shall not their Ships , their Merchandize , their Trading be ours ? and thus they are driven on , and it may be to their own ruine . D●lirant Reges , plectuntur Achivi . Rulers mistake , and the people suffer for it : But now both joyne together , Rulers and ruled expresse the same language ; Down with them , down with them , even to the ground : Let us divert their Trade , surprize their Merchants , stop their goings out and returns , and in the end we shall have their habitations in possession . 4. They conclude that they have a fit season for their rage to break forth in : they would not thus imbarke , but that they think they have a faire winde : they call to minde , that many among us are made desolate , and they can do nothing ; many are sullen , and they will do no more then they are forced unto ; many would act but cannot , many can , but will not . Some are afraid among us ( say they ) and they will act but little , others are desperate , and they will act too much . In fine , they reckon we are all disorderly , and people broken , whose foundations are destroyed ; whereupon they hearten one another , Sit no longer still , up and be doing , up and be fighting , and you shall prevaile . 5. A people under pressures , though they cannot at present help themselves ; yet are exceeding sensible of hard usage . God and good men are mindful of what is acted to those who are in low estate ; they meditate what kindnesse they have done , and what unkindnesse they receive ; what good turns they have done them , which were never requited ; and what wrongs they have received , which they never deserved . It makes them recall the time when their now enemies were low enough , and then they were releived by our help . Now we that helped are low , and those who were helped by us presse us down lower . Oh ingratitude ! there is sure a God in heaven that will do right , and we waite his time ; yea he is and hath been gracious . 6. Those who have been pressed , resolve ( if ever they recover ) to do to them , what they intended to others . We are not so dead and buried , but we hope to rise again ; and then expect your own measure , full , heaped , pressed down , and running over . You would have destroyed us if you could ; can you think it too much if we have your thoughts ? Nay , you were not a long while changed in your minde ; can you think it unreasonable for us to defend our selves ? Judg. 8. 6. The Princes of Succoth would not give bread unto Gideon's Army ; but what answer makes he verse 7 ? When the Lord hath delivered Zeba and Zalmunna into my hand , I will teare your flesh with the thornes of the Wildernesse . It is foretold to to be the complexion of the last times , Luke 21. 9. Ye shall heare of Wars , and Commotions ; Nation shall rise against Nation , and Kingdome against Kingdome , which we have seen verified in our times . 1. Doth unjust dealing of Nations , &c. Behold here the spreading nature of sin , it infects Nations as well as particular persons , it mingles with State affairs , yea the concernments of many States , and perplexeth them all . Sin is as extensive in the sorrow it brings , as in the defilement : National sin and injustice brings in National War ; and that is plague enough . 2. One and the same Nation may be liable to trouble upon trouble , as well as a particular person . The Position tells us of Forreigne as well as Civil Wars , and one following the other , on the same people . A people harrased with Civil war , and not free from Forreigne : How humble should Nations be who are thus at Gods mercy ? how great is that God that hath Treasures of vengeance to spend upon Nations , as well as upon particular persons . ? If our Civil wars purge us not , reforme us not , occasion not our return to God ; he can follow it with a Forreigne War ; and when we think our war at home is past , and cry peace , peace , suddainly he can send an Alarum of war from a neigbour Nation . Oh that men would learne to feare the Lord for his greatnesse , and stand in awe of his judgements . 3. Learne here that Forreigne war is an appeale to God ; nay all war is no lesse in its nature ; we are not fit judges , for we are parties ; nor are our neighbours fit judges , for they are parties as well as we . Our warfare is the strong pleading of the cause on both sides ; the deciding of the cause , by being Conquerers or conquered , is onely in Gods hand : How serious should men be in matters of War , when God is thus appealed unto in it ? 4. I cannot but here minde you of Gods fatherly goodnesse . It was his goodnesse as you heard to keep us a people alive in our Civil war ; and it is no lesse his goodnesse that after our Civil war , when we were weake and tired , and then had Forreigne War fall upon us , that that did not utterly ruine and destroy us . Praise the Lord oh my soul , and forget not all his benefits , who redeemeth thy life from destruction , Psal . 103. 24. CHAP. XIX . Concludes with Pos . 12. That Christ will deale severely with the Rulers of the Earth , 1. Because they are in Covenant with their people . 2. That Christ may appeare no respecter of persons . 3. That his wisdome may out shine their king-craft . 4. That Satan may be overcome in the World. Vses . CIvil and Forreigne Wars have brought us to a low estate , pressed us very sore , we cannot help our selves , and others will not help us ; a world of iniquity and misery is incumbent on us by our wars at home and abroad , and the hand of the Rulers of the earth hath been deep in all this ; is there none to look after them ? yes sure ; consult with the last Position and that will tell you . Jesus Christ will deale in severity with the Rulers of the Earth . 1 Chron. 16. 21 , 22. He suffered none to doe his people wrong , but reproved Kings for their sakes . Psal . 76. 11 , 12. He looseth their loynes , and strickes them thorow , cuts off their spirits and casts contempt on Princes . Job . 12. 21. He profanes their glory , and spoiles all their excellency , and layes their honour in the dust . Isa . 20. 23. He bringeth the Princes to nothing , he maketh the Judges of the earth as vanity : they seemed the most stable beings on earth , having all that flesh and blood could contribute to maintaine them , but he brings them to nothing . Isa . 3. 14. The Lord will enter into judgement with the Ancient of his people , and the Princes thereof ; for ye have eaten up the Vineyard , the spoile of the poor is in your houses . Jer. 34. 21. Zedechiah King of Judah , and the Princes , will I give into the hands of their enemies , and into the hand of them that shall seeke their life , and into the hand of the King of Babylons Army . Isa . 41. 25. I have raised one from the North , and he shall come upon Princes , as upon Morter , and as the Potter treadeth clay . Rev. 19. 17 , 18. The fowles of Heaven are gathered unto the supper of the great God , that they may eate the flesh of Kings , and the flesh of Captains . This his dealing manifesteth him to be King of the World , and the Author of the great Turns and Changes here beneath . Dan. 2. 20 , 21. Blessed be the Name of God for ever , for Wisdome and Counsel are his , and he changeth the times , and the seasons ; He removeth Kings , and setteth up Kings . See the Reasons for this dealing of Christ . 1. Kings are in covenant with their people , and their great Trustees . 2 Kings 11. 17. Jehoiadah made a Covenant with the King and the people : But how little they keep their covenants , experience sadly tells us . They covenant to maintaine wholesome Laws , and the just Rights and Liberties of the Subject ; but how little are either regarded by them afterward ? They covenant to make the safety of the people , and not the fulfilling of their wills the greatest Law ; but how little is that minded ? when the least income of their interest shall indanger publick good , when they are in competition . Now Jesus Christ he is The Amen , the true and faithful witnesse , and hates all unfaithfulnesse ; they think they may play fast and loose ; they see none to put their bonds in suite ; I , but Christ in that case , will enter an action against them , and cast them , and make them pay all costs and charges . 2. Now in this his severe dealing with earthly Rulers , Christ appears no respecter of persons . Job . 39. 14. He accepteth not the persons of Princes , nor regardeth the rich more then the poor : he is as exact in government , as he is in teaching . Luke 20. 21. Thou teachest rightly , and acceptest no mans person : and 1 Pet. 1. 17. He judgeth every man according to his works , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , without respect of persons . He values not those gingles and trappings of power , greatnesse , and honour : Righteousnesse with him shall be owned in the least and lowest ; but wickednesse shall not be spared in the greatest . 3. By this dealing Christ makes his Wisdome to out-shine their King-craft and carnal Policy . Isa . 11. 2. The spirit of wisdome , understanding , and counsel rests on Christ ; not onely is in him , but in him as the proper place of them , they rest in him . Rulers have all the advantage of breeding , and example to make them subtile , they have all that the strongest wits can present them with : Their interest makes them serious , their malice quick-sighted , and their experience setled in their way : This is their businesse , they make it their ●●rke to mind and follow it . Psal . 2. 2. ●he Kings of the earth set themselves 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ●●●●unt , Simul faciunt stare , they make it stand together . Vires omnes & studia & conatus conferunt in Dominum , saith Vatablus . They employ all their forces , studies , and endeavours , against the Lord : The people , they rage and imagine a vaine thing ; they are led by passion , and phantasie , which things are soon gone ; but your Kings and Princes proceed more sollidly ; The Rulers take counsel together , but for all this solid working , you know what follows , verse 4. He that sitteth in the heavens shall laugh , the Lord shall have them in derision . 4. Christ is to overcome Satan in his own Territories ( as he counts them ) Not onely shall Christ overcome him in spiritual regiment , over the souls and consciences of men ; but Christ must drive him out of the World also , out of his hold in the Earth . Rev. 11. 15. The Kingdomes of this world are become the Kingdoms of our Lord and his Christ , and he shall reigne for ever and ever . Satan in 2 Cor. 4. 4. is stiled the God of this world ; but Christ must ungod him . 1 Cor. 15. 24 , 25. He must put down all rule and authority and power : and surely Satans rule shall not stand , but he will pull it down . 1. Read the sinfullnesse of Kings , through Christ his severity : surely they must be out of measure sinful whom Christ thus brings his wheele upon . God knows , I am no enemy to Governours , nor Governments , nor to that by way of a King ; yet I think Kings are and have been the worst rank of men in the World. Read your own Chronicles , and you will finde you may write all your good Kings in a small Ring . Corruptio optimi pessima : The corruption of the best , is worst ; Kings should be best , and they have the best of Power , Pleasure and Revenues ; but how wofully is all corrupted ? and so much Christ his dealing with them tells you , and you should learne it thence . 2. See the impartial and unspotted holinesse and righteousnesse of Jesus Christ : He will not spare sin where ever he finds it ; He hath vials full of wrath to pour out , when they fill up their measures of sin : When they ripen their sins to the harvest , he will command his Angel to put in the sickle . Christ can suffer them in their wickednesse , and yet have no defilement to himselfe : Laesa patientia fit furor . Patience abused turns into rage ; he will abundantly recompence his patience and longsuffering with the amazing strictness of his just proceedings ! 3. See what to expect , and to what to refer the providences of our present age . Is it not a shaking thought to recal how the talest Cedar that grew amongst us , who was greene and spread his branches far , is felled to the ground : The greatest Family among us laid waste , and the posterity that expected succession , into the riches and honours of their fore-Fathers , are little better then Noble Vagabounds ? I meddle not with the proceedings in that case , but sure I am , In all God is just . God hath begun in England , but he will not end there . I dare not presume to set down times , measures , meanes , and modes of things , which the Father hath reserved in his own hand ; onely this I say , waite but a while , and it may be you shall see The Incestuous house of Austria , the Emperour , King of Spain , France , and the rest of the ten Kings of Europe , which have given their power to the Beast , to come tumbling down ; and if they fall , surely many more will fall with them ; their Creatures , and their Followers , their Courtiers , and their Flatterers cannot stand , but must come down , and with them many more . I perswade my selfe , that those whom God hath set now in power over us do seriously weigh , what Christ hath done and will do , how he is yesterday and to day , the same for ever , for ever ; just and jealous against all wickednesse and ungodlinesse , and that this doth and will work upon their hearts , and cause them to be humble before God , and much in prayer ; to be watchful over themselves and theirs , and others , and to study to do the work of Christ put into their hands , not negligently , but faithfully , not to please men , but Christ . CHAP. XX. Concludes with shewing , How the twelve Positions formerly handled instruct us in our Turns and Changes . WE have opened twelve Positions , and divers things in them . I shall conclude with a very breife instruction , teaching us what we may learne from every one of those Positions concerning our present Turns . Pos . 1. All power is in Christ ; power to raise or depresse Kingdomes and Nations as well as particular persons ; and its little lesse then blasphemy to exclude him from our Turns : If they be for good , he is the Author and preserver of them . If we have Plenty after scarcity , Liberty after bondage , Peace after war : Oh thank him , him I say for those blessed changes : But what if we experience the contrary , darknesse instead of Light , feare instead of Safety , evil instead of Good ▪ yet in these evils Christ is to be owned . Isa . 45. 7. I forme light and create darknesse , I make peace and create evil , I the Lord do all these things : and Amos 3. 6. Shall there be evil in the City and I the Lord have not done it ? Christ then hath his work in City or National good or evil . Pos . 2. All the Kings of the earth reigne by Christ . Kings are the greatest persons of the earth , and cause the greatest Turns and Changes , either to good or evil . How is our feare and sorrow turned into hope and joy , when righteous men are exalted to government ? and what mourning when wicked ones ? Prov. 29. 2. How much of the increase of wickednesse is abated , by their power , care , and example ? and what great cause have Saints to blesse God , when he makes Rulers nursing fathers , and to rule for him as they rule by him ? Pos . 3. Government is set up for the good of the World , and nothing causeth more considerable changes then that doth : it reduceth lawlesse ones to a rule ; ruleth and boundeth excessive desires and actions ; brings in trade and wealth , improvement of creatures , and increase of peace . Pos . 4. Government in the frame of it is apt to change , and doth not that reach us ? Government is a comprehensive word , relating to Princes and people ; and so all change when Governments change ; Laws , Places , Offices , Rewards , Times , and Persons , all change . Pos . 5. Kings and Princes have abused their power ; that is a sad change , a change of what should be best , to worst , of power to abuse of it : of Kings to Tyrants , of Princes to Oppressors . Pos . 6. Sins of Princes tend to break their power . Here is change upon change : Change of Manners by sin , and change of Wholnesse and Soundnesse to a breach . Power cannot break but many things break with it , and many things cannot break but it makes great alteration Pos . 7. Princes being wicked , people grow wicked too ; a woful change indeed , and much to be lamented ; Princes that should rule , become slaves , and that to the worst of masters , their own Lusts ; people that should be under command , to become unruly , and unruly by them that should better order them . Pos . 8. Abuse of power and wickednesse of people adapt to Civil War. Those in power complain of the people , and the people of them in power ; and we have just cause to complaine of both . It s a sad case , that turnes the soul to a wearinesse of the good it doth possesse , and to a loathing its own peace . Pos . 9. Civil Wars cause fatal Turnes . They turne , and overturne ; all Turnes are in the bowels of that one : our many years sad experience hath taught us ; we were full , but soon emptied , we were high , but brought low ; we were in safety , but soon rapt into feare . Oh that our hearts might turne after all these Turnes upon us . Pos . 10. We fall out one with another , and our neighbours fall out with us both . How do they laugh at us , and seek to raise themselves out of our ruines ? Is it not hard when those you thought would help you , at best are Neuters , stand still and look on ? Truly , we may thank our selves , for putting them on that temptation . Had we kept together , Pos . 11. They would have been as formerly : But now they are in armes , their War-ships rigged and manned , and now the Seas must be as bloody by a Forreigne War , as our Land had been by a Civil : Dreadful Turns and Changes when both land and sea are bloody ; And surely Christ Pos . 12. will inquire after all that blood , whose blood , how much blood , for what cause , by whom , in what manner , and when it was shed . The Judge of All shall appeare in his righteous judgement , and then wo be to the wicked , crafty , cruel , great ones of the World. CHAP. XXI . Shews the Turns that befal Nations from the consideration and working of Christ as King of Saints , in 12. Sections . 1. Jesus Christ is King of Saints . 2. He hath this honour upon his sufferings . 3. He puts forth his power as King of the World for his Saints , over whom he is King in a special manner . 4. He must have more visible glory in this World. 5. All governments will prove bitter , that Christ may be embraced as sweet . 6. Christ pours out a mighty spirit of prayer on his people , which he will answer . 7. He shall have a willing people in the day of his power . 8. Some of the Kings shall be among that willing people . 9. Christ having great works to do , will notably stir up the spirits of Princes and people . 10. The great work of the last dayes shall be to exalt holinesse and righteousnesse . 11. Saints shall have Conquests over their adversaries . 12. These Turns shall be by degrees . WE have seen Christ on the Throne , and the World under his feet , and what he works as being Lord paramount of the earth : Let us now raise our thoughts and hearts unto a farther consideration , and behold the Turns of the World from Christ , as King of Saints ; and that your thoughts may be more collected , I shall represent you in this Chap. with twelve Sections . Sect. I. Jesus Christ is King of Saints , as well as King of the World. God the Father glories in this , that he hath set him his King upon his holy hill , Psal . 2. 6. Let the Kings set against him , and seek to break his cords ; all their power and malice cannot in the least unsetle him . Psal . 110. 4. He sweares and will not repent . God the Father is fully satisfied in the great glory put on Christ , so as he will never have a recoyling thought concerning it . It s the blessed burden of the Song of Moses and the Lamb , Rev. 15. 3. Just and true are thy ways oh thou King of Saints . And let wise and holy Daniel tell you what work this makes , Dan. 2. 44. His Kingdome shall break in pieces and consume all these Kingdomes , and it shall be for ever . Sect. II. Jesus Christ hath this high honour of being King of Saints upon his sufferings . The 22. Psalm is a Psalm of Christ and his sufferings , as appears from v. 1. to 22. The meek shall eate and be satisfied , and the Kingdoms of the Nations shall worship ; yea the fat ones upon earth , v. 25. shall eate and worship : and the ground you have , v. 28. The Kingdome is the Lords , and he is Governour among the Nations . Phil. 2. 7 , 8 , 9. He made himselfe of no reputation ( though he were in the forme of God ) yet , he took on him the forme of a servant ; thus he humbled himselfe , but God highly exalted him : and upon this follows , a Name above every Name , the bowing of every knee to him , and the confession of every tongue , That he is Lord. It is a proper honour due unto him from these his sufferings , that is , such an honour as had not accrewed to him if he had not suffered . Jesus Christ had experience of many Turnes in his sufferings ; Now his glory shall correspond with his sufferings , and not be in one straine or streame , but in diverse Turnes and alterations . Sect. III. Jesus Christ puts forth His power he hath as King of the Nations , for his people to whom he is King of Saints . 1 Chron. 16. 20 , 21. When they went from Nation to Nation , from one Kingdome to another People ; He suffered no man to do them wrong , yea he reproved Kings for their sakes . He must be King of the World , that he may be their King , that in their wanderings he might help them ; and if Kings oppose them , he as King of Kings will reprove them . Rev. 12. 16. The earth helps the woman : The world helps the Church . Christ makes the Goths and Vandales break the Arrian faction , by which the Dragon sought to carry away the Church . Isa . 43. 14. Thus saith the Lord your Redeemer , For your sakes I have sent to Babylon , and have brought down all their Nobles . Jehovah , considered as the Redeemer , and holy One of Israel , puts forth his power as he is King of Nations , and makes it subservient to that power he hath as he is the Redeemer of his people . He sends to Babylon and brings down all their Nobles : there he appears King of Kings , but it s for their sakes , for Israels sake : there he appears the holy One , and their Redeemer , the Redeemer of his holy ones . Sect. IV. Jesus Christ shall have more visible glory in this world then ever hitherto he hath had , the glory of this relation , of being King of Saints . His Subjects appeare in this world as Saints ; they here shine as lights in a dark world , and the world hates them because they are Saints , holy ones ; because by their holinesse they convince and condemn the world : and do they appeare for Christ , and will not Christ appeare for them ? They appeare for him visibly upon earth before men ; and Christ will take to himselfe his great power ; and Dan. 7. 22. Time shall come when the Saints shall possesse the Kingdome . He had a government over Israel , so as he had not over other Nations , and the Nations knew it . Exod. 14. 25. Let us flee ( say the Egyptians ) from the face of Israel , for the Lord fighteth for them . Deut. 32. 31. Their Rock is not as our Rock , even our enemies themselves being judges : And surely Christ shall again appeare to have the government of Saints , and Saints shall know it more , and their enemies too , when he shall be revealed from heaven to take vengeance on them that know not God : and 2 Thes . 1. 10. shall come to be glorified in his Saints , and admired in all them that believe . Thus Rev. 15. when Christ sends his last plagues , in which are filled up the the wrath of God on his Churches enemies , then is Christ honoured , v. 3. as King of Saints . Sect. V. Bitternesse doth and shall mingle with all Governments among all Nations , that so Christs Government may be rendred sweet . Look on Governments by single Persons , or by Councils , in Kingdomes or in Common-wealths ; look on this or that form of Government whatsoever it be , you will finde so much weaknesse and wickednesse , so much corruption , self-seeking , and undue exaltation of themselves breaking forth , as that men will be weary of it . To maintaine their pride , you will finde men apt to oppresse ; to maintaine their oppression , you will finde them dextrous either to straine or new coyne Laws ; and so far from removing heavy burdens , that they will lay more on . Observe , observe narrowly , and you will meet with such undue biassings in them that rule , to their friends , kindred , relations and interests , that due deserving worth cannot mount to preferment : Look on the right or left hand , you will finde no helper : oh how wellcome will Christ be in such a conjunction of affairs ? When he was to be borne into the world , he stay'd till men had made void his Law , till the Pharisees by their glosses and traditions had made the word of God of no effect : and when he shall come to take the Kingdome to himselfe , is shall be when men have corrupted , and so inbittered all rule and government . Israel must be under hard Task-masters that make them serve with rigour , before Moses and Aaron can be hearkned unto . Rev. 17. 13 , 14. The ten Hornes , that is , the ten Kings of Europe , give their power and strength to the Beast , and make war with the Lamb ; that is the condition of Governours before Christ come : But the Lamb shall come and overcome them , for he is King of Kings , and Lord of Lords , and they that are with him , as called , and chosen , and faithful . Sect. VI. Christ pours out on his people a mighty spirit of prayer which he in his government as King of Saints , returns a full answer to . The prayers of Saints are Christ his spirit breathing in si●hts and groanes , and making a voyce of supplication . Now surely he understands his own voyce in them , and will heare his own spirit : When God rejected Saul , Samuel is commanded not to pray for him , 1 Sam. 16. 10. It s a sad thing , when those in authority fall out of Saints prayers , or when Saints pray against them , not for them . 1 Tim. 2. 2. We must pray for Kings , and all that be in authority ; and surely it is fatal and ominous when Gods people justly indite Princes , and plead as Ananias against Saul , Act. 9. 13. Lord , I have heard by many of this man , how much evil he hath done to thy Saints . When the soules under the Altar cry , Rev. 6. 10. then v. 12. Behold a great Earthquake : little do you conceive what great Changes Saints prayers make . Rev. 5. 8. The four living creatures , and the four and twenty Elders , which is the resemblance of a Gospel-Church ; the four living creatures representing the Officers , and the four and twenty Elders the Brethren of the Congregation : now these are said , to have golden vials full of odors , which are the prayers of Saints . Now these via●● of prayers fill the vials of wrath , Rev. 15. 1. God assumes it as his high prerogative to break the arrows that flie , and wound afar off ; to break the sheild that should defend , the sword that wounds neer at hand : He breaks Arrows , Sheild , Sword , Battle , All ; But where ? It s in Salem , in Sion , where Judah knew God , and Israel greatened his Name ; It s there , there , where his people cry to him , Psal . 76. 3. Sect. VII . Jesus Christ shall have a willing people in the day of his power , Psal . 110. 3. Oh! strange what a Turne will that be : oh how backward are men now , and to nothing more backward then to holinesse , and holy things , when they come forth in their beauty . I , but Jesus Christ shall have the day of it , and it shall be the day of his power , the day wherein his power shall be gloriously manifested , and subjected unto . Isa . 49. 19 , 20 , 21. The land shall be too narrow , by reason of the inhabitants . The children shall say , the place is too straite for us : give place to us , that we may dwell ; yea the Church shall say in regard of the numerous addition of Members : who hath begotten me these ? seeing I have lost my children , who hath brought up these ? Behold I was left alone . That is a remarkable Prophesie and Promise in Ezek. 36. 37 , 38. I will increase them with men like a flock , as the holy flock , as the fl●ck of Jerusalem in her solemne Feasts : So shall thy waste Cities be filled with flocks of men , and they shall know that I am the Lord. Sect. VIII . Some of the Kings of the Earth shall be among this willing people . Oh wonderful ! wonderful ! Kings to become subjects , to be among the people , and the willing people , whom aforetime they most hated ; that is strange , that those who were the greatest enemies , should now become friends ; that those who have done so much against Christ , shall now be active for him . God had of old his David , Hezekiah , Jehosaphat , Asa , and Josiah , good and godly Kings , and he will have some like them again ; outward pomps and pleasures shall be no let to his call and working on them , and by them . Isa . 49. 7. Thus saith the Lord the Redeemer of Israel , and his holy One ; Kings shall see and arise , Princes also shall worship because of the Lord that is faithful , and the holy One of Israel , and he shall chuse thee . Isa . 30. 21. Their Nobles shall be of themselves , and their Governours shall proceed from the midst of them ; He will restore their Judges as at the first , and their Counsellers as at the beginning ; afterward thou shalt be called the City of righteousnesse , the faithful City . Isa . 49. 23. Kings shall be thy Nursing fathers , and Queens or Princesses thy Nursing mothers . Those who have been the persecutors , shall be the preservers ; the destroyers shall prove nourishers ; those that did minde nothing but their pride , and pleasure , they shall now minde the Church and her interest ; They that made the people of God bow down till they passed over them , they shall come , and bow down to the Church with their faces toward the earth . Isa . 60. 16. The Prophet there speaking of the state of the Jewish Church , after their general conversion to Christ , promiseth : Thou shalt also sucke the milke of the Gentiles ; that now accursed people of the Jews shall become blessed ; they are still beloved for their father sake , v. 10. They shall suck the breasts of Kings ; none have been and are so squeezed in all parts of the World where they are scattered , as the poor Jews are ; who , although they enjoy an Old-Testament blessing , and become rich where they live ; yet then those who rule over them use them as we do a spunge that is full , wring it dry : So are they dealt withal ; but now those that sucked from them , shall give sucke to them ; yea , the sonnes of strangers shall build up thy walls , and their Kings shall minister unto thee ; for in my wrath I smote thee , but in my favour have I mercy on thee . Sect. IX . That Christ having great works to do in the last dayes , he will mightily stir up the spirits of Princes and People . When Temple-work was in hand , when the solemne and publick worship of God was to be set up , Hagg. 1. 14. God stirs up the spirit of Zorobabel Governour of Judah , and the spirit of Jehoshuah the high Preist , and the spirit of all the remnant of the people : Marke , it s particularly set down , the spirit , the spirit , the spirit . God had particular work for the Governour , the high Preist , and the people ; and therefore in particular he stirs up their spirits ; oh sweet and blessed work , and blessed spirits ! Zorobabel , Joshua , People , all are stirred , and stirred in spirit , and all work : Zorobabel doth not disdain the work , nor scorne the people ; The people are not crosse to Zorobabel , but all sweetly agree . It was a great work to establish the Kingdome in Davids hand , and then 1 Chron. 12. 18. The spirit clothed Amasa , and he said , Thine are we David , and on thy side thou son of Jesse , Peace , peace be to thy helpers , for thy God helpeth thee . Christ hath Temples now in Gospel-times , as well as formerly ; and there is a great deale of Temple-work , of Church-work to be done now , as well as then ; and God will stirre up the spirits of Governours , Pastors , and People , now , as well as then , and they shall work , and the work shall prosper in their hand . God the Father hath now the Kingdome of David , the Kingdome of his Son Jesus Christ to set up , and it must be strengthened in his hand . God will now cloath many like Amasa , with his spirit , that shall come forth to the help of the Lord against the mighty . Sect. X. The great worke of the latter dayes shall be to exalt holinesse and righteousnesse , in Kingdomes and Common-wealths . Ezek. 37. 23. They shall not defile themselves any more with their Idols , nor with their detestable things , nor with any of their transgressions : But I will save them out of all their dwelling places , wherein they have sinned , and will cleanse them ; so shall they be my people , and I will be their God. This blessed Covenant shall be made good , both to Jews and Gentiles . Joel 3. 17. So shall ye know that I am the Lord your God , dwelling in Sion my holy mountaine ; Then shall Jerusalem be holy , and there shall no strangers passe thorow her any more . These Promises have not received their full accomplishment ; I say , their full accomplishment ; but remaine yet to be fulfilled according to what was laid down in the second Chapter ; The holinesse and purging spok●n of in these Promises , shall not be the portion of Jerusalem onely ▪ she alone is not to obtain this holinesse and righteousnesse , and others left out : But it shall be the portion of other people , the Gentiles also according to the Prophesie of John in Rev. 22. 3. There shall be no more Curse ; then surely there will not be that that causeth the curse , which is sin : so far as the curse shall not be , sin shall not be : But the Throne of God , and the Lamb shall be in it . Now the Thrones of men and of the Beast , the Thrones of prophanesse and Idolatry , are set up ; but it shall not be so then , but his servants shall serve him . Now they serve their own lusts , and the wills of men too much ; but then they shall serve the Lamb Christ ; and how , and wherein ? Psal . 45. 6. The Scepter of his Kingdome is a right Scepter , v. 7. Thou lovest righteousnesse , and hatest wickednesse ; and as Christ loves and hates , so shall his servants then eminently ; they shall have his minde and heart . 2 Pet. 3. 13. We according to his promise , look for new heavens and a new earth , wherein dwelleth righteousnesse . When the new heavens and the new earth shall be righteousnesse , then shall be no stranger there , but a home dweller ; it shall abide there as in the proper seat of it . Sect. XI . Saints shall have notable conquests over their adversaries . Nnmb. 24. 17 , 18. The Star out of Jacob , and the Scepter that shall rise out of Israel , shall smite the corners of Moab : Edom shall be a possession , and Israel shall do valiantly ; out of Jacob shall come he that shall have dominion , and shall destroy him that remaineth of the City . The names of Moab and Edom and the City , hold out the enemies of the Church ; Israel and Jacob , are to be referred to the Israel of God in the Gospel , and his people now , as well as then : and pardon me , if I conceive our late domestick Wars and Triumphant Victories to look this way . Joel 3. 19. Egypt and Edom shall be a desolation for the violence against the children of Judah , because they have shed innocent blood in the land . Egypt and Edom comprehend the enemies of Gods people now , as well as formerly ; and precious in the sight of the Lord is the blood of his Saints . Tremble and be horribly afraid , France , Spain , Savoy , Germany , England , yea all Nations , on whom lieth the heavy guilt of Saints blood ; he that hath a bottle for their teares , will certainly account for their blood ; and who knows but he may now be upon his Circuit , and beginning to repay and to require blood for blood ? Obad. v. 18. The house of Jacob shall be a fire , and the house of Joseph a flame , and the house of Esau for stuble , and they shall kindle in them , and there shall not be any remaining of the house of Esau , for the Lord hath spoken it . Psal . 149. 6 , 7 , 8 , 9. The praises of God shall be in the mouthes of Saints , and a two-edged sword in their hands to execute on them the judgement written ; To execute vengeance on the Heathen , and punishment on the people ; To binde their Kings in chains , and their Nobles in links of Iron : This honour have all his Saints : and this ruine shall all his adversaries have . Hag. 2. 22. I will overthrow the Throne of Kingdomes , and I will destroy the strength of the Kingdomes of the Heathen , and I will overthrow the Charriots , and those that ride in them ; and the horses and their riders shall come down every one by the sword of his Brother . Sect. XII . This Holinesse and Righteousnesse , these glorious Conquests , and these great Changes shall not be all at once , but be brought on by degrees . Thus Moses carries Israel through the Wildernesse , but Joshua brings them into Canaan ; Moses must not do all , nor Joshua : both have their proper works : David provides for the Temple , but Solomon he must build it . Deut. 7. 22. I will put out these Nations before thee by little and little , thou mayst not consume them at once . God works and performes his promises now in proportion to what he did formerly ; and as it was by degrees then , so now , though its possible God may make more haste ; God builds up his people as he destroyes his enemies , and that is by degrees . By the seven Seals he destroyes Heathenish Rome , Rev. 6. By the seven Vials successively the Antichristian Romish party , Rev. 17. So by degrees he will raise his Church . CHAP. XXII . Contains the Vses of the former Doctrine , namely , That Christ is King of Saints . HAving declared Christ in the former twelve Sections to be King of Saints : Give me leave now , to adde a word of application , and that 1. By way of an inviting Instruction . 2. By way of Exhortation . The inviting Instruction you shall finde in these three passages , discovering 1. Christs excellency . 2. The properties of his Kingdome . 3. The glory of his Saints . 1. To shew you Christ's excellency , in that he is King of Saints : None so glorious , and therefore none so desirable as Jesus Christ , Rev. 15. 3. where he hath that high and mighty Title of King of Saints ascribed to him ; he is also called Lord God Almighty , whose workes are great and marvelous , and his wayes just and true . Now to elevate your thoughts to his Excellency , let me set before you these four things . 1. His right and Title . 2. His Qualifications . 3. His Administrations . 4. His Communications . 1. His ●ight and Title , which you shall finde the justest and highest Title : He is no usurper of his Kingdome ; for he hath it by a fivefold right . 1. Of Election . 2. Of Donation . 3. Of Birth . 4. Of Purchase . 5. Of Conquest . 1. His right is by Election ; for He is chosen to it by God the Father , Isa . 42. 1. Behold my servant whom I uphold , mine elect in whom my soul delighteth . Gods everlasting love is on him , and on him for the great work and service of the Mediatorship ; he hath passed by all in Heaven and Earth , and laid it onely on his shoulders . Psal . 2. 6. He hath set his King on his holy hill : set him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifies to pour out ; I have annointed and set him by my eternal counsel and decree : yea the Father hath passed it with an oath , Psal . 110. His swearing is to be extended not onely to his Priestly , but also to his Kingly Office ; so that he will never repent of his choice ; His right is then by the best Election . 2. He hath right by Donation , and that is a right with the highest love : All power is given to him , Math. 18. in heaven and in earth : Aske of me , and I will give thee the Heathen : His Kingdome is all of love . The Father loves , and gives him the Kingdome ; The Son loves the Father , and us , and gives himselfe to us , with command to love him , and one another : he calls us his little flock , and assures us , It is the Fathers good pleasure to give us the Kingdome also . 3. He hath his right by Birth ; it is his Birthright ; So he is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , the First-borne of every creature , Col. 1. 16. & v. 18. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , the First-borne from the dead . Psal . 2. 7. Thou art my Son ; and then follows the inheritance and possession , v. 8. I will give thee the Heathen for thine inheritance , and the uttermost parts of the earth for thy possession . Inheritance is the portion of a Son , and his inheritance hath present possession with it , although his father live for ever . 4. Christ hath his right by Purchase ; He layes down a considerable price for his Kingdome . Isa . 53. 10. He makes his soul an offering for sin , and then follows : He shall see his seed and prolong his dayes ; that is , having poured out his soul , his blood , as a drink-offering to his Father , he shall prolong the dayes of his Kingdome , and the good pleasure of the Lord shall prosper in his hand . 5. Lastly , his Conquest gives it him : 1 Cor. 15. 25. He must reigne and put all his enemies under his feet , he must reigne , and his enemies must be destroyed : yea he destroyes that which destroyeth all , namely Death : he then lives , and reignes , reignes and conquers , and justly reignes , because he justly conquers . Equity is surely attractive , and none hath more of that then Christ , and therefore unto him should we look . 2. Christ hath not onely right , but the most incomprehensible qualification for his Government . Here on earth many have right , who have not wisdome to rule : Christ hath superlatively all right , and all qualification ; He is the wisdome and power of God. 1 Cor. 1. 24. In him dwells all the fullnesse of the Godhead bodily ; All treasures of knowledge are hid in him ; His anointing is with oyle of gladnesse above his fellows : He hath the spirit , but not by measure , and that spirit resting on him , Isa . 11. 2. all which shew the person of Christ to be most heavenly , and that with which we should most be taken . 3. Christs Administrations are the highest and purest : Rev. 15. 3. His wayes are just and true : Psal . 85. 10. Here mercy and truth meet together ; righteousnesse and peace kisse each other . He is most absolute , accountable to none but his Father . He rules by will , and justly too ▪ because , his will is a Law : what is Tyranny in the Creature , is Equity in Christ . His exalting his will to be our Law , is righteous in him , and good to us ; for Men to do so , is to intrench on his prerogative , and render themselves obnoxious to his vindictive power . He makes the Subjects he rules over . Psal . 149. 2. Let Israel rejoyce in him that made him , Let the children of Zion be joyfull in their King : Their King is their Maker ; and therefore requireth the most observance from them . 2 Cor. 10. 5. Every thonght is to be under a happy captivity to the obedience of Christ . Let Tyrants be never so crafty and cruel , they may restraine the body , and gag the tongues of men , but they cannot reach their thoughts : But Christ layes his dominion there , leaves us not one thought to be at our own disposal , but requires all to come under him . It is for the poor low governments here to be tied to Time and Place ; Christ rules over all , all persons and things allwayes : He makes all , and preserveth what he hath made , and orders righteously that which he hath preserved . He hath gladium justitiae , the sword of Justice , by which he cuts up vice , and defends his own people : and he hath gladium belli , the sword of War , to destroy his incorrigible enemies : Let them gather together , he will scatter them ; let them make their nests in the Stars , yet thence he will plucke them down ; Let them lay their plots deep , and magnifie themselves to do great things : yet he will turn their wisdom into foolishnesse , and their plots to the advance of his own designes . 4. Christs Communications are the largest , 1 Joh. 5. 20. He hath given us understanding to know him that is true . Men may propound something for your knowledge , but they cannot give the understanding : but Christ triumphs in this ; to give wisdome to the simple , and knowledge to them that have no understanding . Phil. 1. 29. Vnto you it s given , on the behalfe of Christ , not onely to believe , but also to suffer for his sake . Acts 5. 31. God hath exalted him to be a Prince and a Saviour , to give repentance to Israel and remission of sin . When he left the World he bequeaths no worse legacy to his Disciples , then what himselfe had enjoyed , Joh. 14. 27. Peace he leaves with them , yea his peace to relieve their troubled and fearful hearts . Eph. 4. 8. and 1● . When he ascends up on high , he led captivity captive , and gave gifts unto men : Verse 12. He gave some Apostles , and some Prophets , some Evangelists , some Pastors , and Teachers , for the perfecting of the Saints , for the worke of the Ministery , for the edifying of the body of Christ . 2 Tim. 4. 7 , 8. To all that love his appearance , and that have fought the good fight , and kept the faith ; he as a righteous Lord and Judge , hath laid up , and will give a Crown of righteousnesse . Now summe up all : to give knowledge and faith , and so all other graces ; to give repentance and remission of sins , grace and gifts , gifts to men , and those men to his Church , and hereafter a Crown of righteousnesse : What are , if these are not large Communications ? Every man is a friend to him that giveth gifts ; and shall not the consideration of Christ his bountiful giing , make us desirously longing after that Title of true honour , to be called his friends ? We have seen King Jesus upon the Throne , and his Throne all glorious ; we have seen his Right , his Qualifications , Administrations , and Communications : Let us now in the second place , veiw the Properties of his Kingdome . 1. His Kingdome is spiritual , Rom. 14. 17 Not in meat and drinke , but righteousnesse and peace and joy in the holy Ghost . Princes may beare rule over mens persons and estates ; but Jesus Christ over mens consciences : He imprints his Law upon them , and gives them power to reflect both on that Law , and their own wayes by it ; he accuseth or excuseth , lets terrour or peace into the conscience , as seemeth good to him . His Commands and Promises carry a blessed spiritualnesse with them , and so do his Rewards . When you serve him , it must be in spirit and truth ; when you pray , it must be in the spirit , Jude v. 20. and when you heare , it must be what the spirit sayeth to the Churches , Rev. 3. 6. If you take on you to preach , it must not be with the entising words of mans wisdome , but in demonstration of the spirit , and with power , Col. 2. 4. and if you sing , it must be spiritual Songs , making melody with grace in the heart to the Lord , Col. 3 16. In a word , you are as lively stones built up , a spiritual house , an holy priesthood to offer up spiritual Sacrifices acceptable to God by Jesus Christ , 1 Pet. 2. 5. and verse 9. Ye are a chosen generation , a royal priesthood , an holy nation , a peculiar people , that ye should shew forth the praises of him that hath called you out of darknesse into his marvellous light . I beseech you therefore Brethren by the mercyes of God , that ye present your bodies a lively Sacrifice , holy , acceptable unto God , which is your reasonable service , Rom. 12. 1. 2. His Kingdome is Vniversal over all Saints in all places and ages : He is yesterday and to day and the same for ever ; he ruled Israel of old , and he rules his people now ; his administration was unto them outward and visible ; and shall it not be so again in the latter dayes ? Amos 2. 9 , 10 , 11. I destroyed the Amorite before them , I brought them up from the land of Egypt , and led them forty years through the Wildernesse to possesse the land of the Amorits ; and I raised up of your sons for Prophets , and of your young men for Nazarites , saith the Lord. He brought up , he led , he destroyed , he raised , he did all then , and will do all hereafter . Rev. 11. 15. The Kingdomes of the world are become the Kingdomes of our Lord and his Christ : not now one Kingdome or Nation , as then ; not this or that Kingdome , and no more : but the Kingdomes of the world are become his , he shall not alwayes be crouded into a corner of the world , but as it is v. 1. 7. He shall take unto himselfe his great power , and reigne and reward his servants the Prophets , and the Saints that feare his Name , both small and great , here , and there , and everywhere . 3. Thy Throne oh God is for ever , and ever , Heb. 1. 8. the heavens perish and waxe old as a garment , and as a vesture shalt thou fold them up , and they shall be changed : but thou art the same , and thy years shall not faile . His Kingdome then is Eternal . Dan. 2. 44. The God of heaven hath set up a Kingdome which shall never be destroyed , and the Kingdome shall not be left to other people ; but it shall break in pieces , and consume all these Kingdomes , and it shall stand for ever : It shall not be destroyed by any adverse power , nor shall it decay of it selfe , but it shall break all adverse power , and it shall stand for ever ; and as it is an eternal Kingdome , so it determineth men to an eternal state . Rev. 1. 18. I live for evermore , Amen ; and have the keyes of Hell and Death ; wherefore , Feare not them which kill the body , but are not able to kill the soul : but rather feare him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell , Math. 10. 28. 4. Lastly , his Kingdome brings in perfect peace and liberty . Isa . 9. 6. He is the everlasting father and Prince of peace . Isa . 24. 23. The Lord shall reigne in mount Sion , and in Jerusalem before the Ancients gloriously : not onely reigne in heaven , but in Sion , and that gloriously . Isa . 25. 8. He shall swallow up Death in Victory , and the Lord will wipe away teares from all faces , and the rebuke of the people shall he take away from all the earth ; for the Lord hath spoken it . Death , teares , rebuke , shall be taken away ; what safety and hapinesse must then follow ? Isa . 52. 13. Behold my servant shall dwell confidently , he shall be exalted and extolled , and be very high . Isa . 60. 19. 20. The Sun shall be no more thy light by day , neither for brightnesse shall the Moon give light unto thee ; but the Lord shall be unto thee an everlasting light , and thy God thy glory , and the dayes of thy mourning shall be ended . Rev. 21. 4. There shall be no more death , neither sorrow , nor crying , neiiher shall there be any more paine ; for the former things are passed away . 3. The third and last thing that we learne from hence that Christ is King of Saints , is the excellency of his Subjects , and the glory of his holy ones . 1. Christ is King , and the holy One of God , and his Saints shall be more Saints , shall appear to be his holy ones ; Sanctity shall be more exalted in them , then ever yet our eyes have seen . Joel . 3. 17. Then shall Jerusalem be holy , and there shall no strangers passe thorow her any more . Zach. 14. 20. In that day shall there be upon the bels of the horses Holinesse to the Lord , yea every pot in Jerusalem and Judah shall be holinesse to the Lord of Hosts ; and there shall be no more the Canaanite in the house of the Lord of Hosts . 2. They shall live in safety , Isa . 60. 18. Violence shall no more be heard in thy Land , wasting nor destruction within thy borders : but thou shalt call thy walls salvation , and thy gates praise . Joel 2. 18. In that day will I make a covenant for them with the beasts of the feild , and with the fowles of heaven , and I will breake the Bow and the Battel ou● of the earth , and will make them to lie down safely . 3. Saints enemies shall be brought to ruine , Zach. 10. 11. The pride of Assyria shall be brought down , and the Scepter of Egypt shall depart away . It is usual to expresse the enemies of the Church by the names of the old grand enemies , Assyria and Egypt , and you see what shall become of them , they shall be brought down and depart away . Isa . 14. 2. The house of Israel shall possesse strangers in the land of the Lord for servants and for handmaids , and they shall take them captive whose captives they were , and they shall rule over their oppressors . Rev. 20. 7 , 8 , 9. Satan shall goe out to deceive the Nations which are in the four quarters of the Earth , Gog and Magog , to gather them together to battel : But fire shall come down from God out of heaven and devour them . The Lord will create upon every dwelling place of mount Sion , and upon their assemblies , a cloud and smoake by day , and the shining of a flaming fire by night ; for upon all the glory shall be a defence . Isa . 4. 5. Happy are the people that be in such a case , yea , blessed are the people whose God is the Lord. 2. Now follows a word of Exhortation to provoke Saints to their dutie . All that Saints are , and have , must be to , and for Christ : their gifts and graces , their offices , ordinances and discipline ; they are from him , and should be for him . Can you ever serve a better Lord ? or be subjects to a better King ? give me leave then to call upon you , 1. To know him , to entertaine him in all your thoughts ; your apprehensions and notions can never be raised so high , and truely innobled , as when He is the object : mount your m●ditations to the highest , you will meet with that in him which will surpasse all your thoughts . How gladly should you follow those Gospel-straines that make the death and resurrection of Christ the Topick places for Faiths Logick ; heads of arguments for the new creature to reason from , Col. 3. 1. It s eternal life to know him : Joh. 17. 3. and therefore set this down as a conclusion in your minde , with that blessed Apostle , who determined to know nothing but Jesus Christ , and him crucified , 1 Cor. 2. 2. 2. Learn hence to feare him : Rev. 15. 3 , 4. Oh King of Saints , who would not feare thee oh Lord , and glorifie thy Name ? The greatnesse and goodnesse of Christ call for a reverential frame in our hearts . How thoughtful and considerate should we be , least by our poor and low , and unbeseeming carriage he might fall short of his glory ? Oh the highth and depth of his Wisdome , Power , Mercy , and Justice , who is King of Saints ! and yet how few do honour him ? It falls on Saints ; a work it is , that lieth on their hands , to give him the glory due to his Name ; and ashamed should they be to be found so backward in this work . 3. Repose your trust in him : 2 Sam. 22. 2 , 3. He that is your King , is your Rock and Fortress , and Deliverer , your Sheild , horne of Salvation , high Tower , your Refuge , your Saviour , that saveth you from violence ; therefore trust in him . Psal . 20. 7. Some trust in Chariots , and some in Horses ; but we will remember the Name of the Lord our God. I will not trust in my Bow , neither shall my Sword save , saith David , Psal . 44. 6. How great is the goodness laid up for them that trust in him , before the sons of men ? Psal . 31. 19. None of them shall be desolate . Psal . 34. 22. Trust in the Lord and do good ; so shalt thou dwell in the land , and verily thou shalt be fed ; and he shall bring thy wayes to pass , Psal . 37. 3 , & 5. 4. Embrace him with the highest love , oh ye Saints ; for the Lord preserveth the faithful , and plenteously rewardeth the proud doer . He is the chiefest good , most sutable , and most communicative , and therefore common love will not suffice ; it must be a Jonathans love , 2 Sam. 16. wonderful , and passing the love of women . The Church compares the power of her love to the power a disease hath , that masters the body , which all the tossing and tumbling cannot shake off . Cant. 2. 5. Stay me with Flaggons , and comfort me with Apples , for I am sicke of love . Remember your King is your Husband , and you must tender him the love of your espousals . Jer. 2. 2. He draws us with bands of love , and cords of a man. Hos . 11. 4. and our love to him must be constraining , carrying you up hill and against the croud , 2 Cor. 5. 14. 5. We must by like to him ; Holy as he is holy : it should be like Prince and like people ; he the King of Saints commanding , and they Saints obeying . We must consider him , who though he were Sions King , yet came in all meeknesse , and hath left us this command , Learne of me , for I am lowly and meeke , and ye shall finde rest unto your souls , Mat. 11. 29. It is written of him , Heb. 10. 7. Lo I come to doe thy will oh my God : And surely we should be as ready in our proportion to doe his will , as he was the Fathers ; He came to his Crown by the crosse ; and though he were the Captain of our salvation , yet was he made perfect through sufferings ; and if we will be his Disciples , we must deny our selves , take up the cross and follow him : we must chuse as Moses did , to suffer affliction with the people of God , and count it greater riches then the treasures of Egypt , Heb. 11. 24 , 25. 6. He is our King , and we must glorifie him . Kings stand much upon their honour , but none so much as Christ : This the Psalmist well knew when he indited a Song of loves to praise him with a ready heart and tongue , Psal . 45. 1. He tells us of his beauty , and that he is fairer then the children of men ; his lips are not ●ipped with grace , but grace is poured into his lips : well may we fall to blesse him whom God hath blessed , and blessed for ever , v. 2. He is not onely faire , but valiant ; not onely gracious , but mighty , yea mighty with glory and majesty , v. 3. A rare Majesty , v. 4. Truth a horsebacke ; Majesty illustrious with meekness and righteousness ; they that praise him , glorifie him ; and they that glorifie him , order their conversation aright . You must not barely speak his praise , but live out his praise , and shew your selves to be his disciples indeed , by bringing forth much fruit . 7. Lastly , The King of Saints must not want his obedient subjects ; obedience is the performance of what is commanded ; and those commands are wrapped up in the Law. I have lately read of some Laws of Nature , which I conceive might be handled in a Gospel-way : I shall endeavour therefore to bring Scripture-light to them , and leave them upon your consciences to be observed . 1. The first of them is this , That peace is to be sought . Rom. 12. 18. If it be possible , and as much as in you lieth , have peace with all men ; there is an , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , if it be possible , and a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , as much as lieth in you , live peaceably : 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , still be peacing of it . How ill doth wrath , malice , envy , contention , fighting , and brawling become a man ? and it worse becomes a Saint , a man of holinesse , Heb. 12. 14. Follow peace with all men , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , persecute peace ; doe that with a good and raised affection by the good spirit of God , which wicked men doe against you by a wicked spirit ; When they persecute you by a spirit of malice , they are boyled up to a hight ; so should you be , and move with all your strength after peace : He addes a word more that makes the rule compleat ; follow peace and holiness . No peace sayth my God to the wicked , or with wickednesse : Abeat pax illa , &c. away with that peace which defiles your conscience , and breaks your peace with God. But follow peace and holinesse , holy peace , and peaceful holinesse , which will render Church and State happy . 2. Stand to your Covenants , is a second law of Nature in that Author , and its a law of grace too . I will be your God , I will write my Law in their inward parts ; I will give them an heart of flesh : this is Gods Covenant , and he remembers his Covenant for his people , Psal . 106. 45. And to be his people , to walk in his wayes and not depart from him , That is our Covenant . God is faithful in his , and it concerns us to be so in our Covenants . The Church humbly and holily boasteth of this , Psal . 44. 17. that although she had met with hard measure , yet she had not dealt falsly in the Covenant ; her heart was not turned backward , nor her steps declined from his way . We have often made and renewed our Covenants in the dayes of our sorrow and sicknesse , our feare and trouble ; the Lord grant we have not broken as oft as made them . We promise to become new men , to turne over a new leafe , to watch more against the beginnings and occasions of sin , to oppose our special corruptions , to be more in secret prayer and meditation : but how soon do we forget our Covenants , and returne to our former mire and vomit , proving as bad as ever before ; as worldly and sensual as ever , as uncleane as ever , as formal and hypocritical as ever before ? It s a brand on the strange woman , Prov. 2. 17. She forsaketh the guide of her youth , and forgeteth the Covenant of her God. The Lord grant it be not true in us , and that we like men transgress not the Covenant , Hos . 6. 7. 3. It s a great Law of Nature and grace too , that we should be thankful ; If so to men , much more to God. Rom. 1. 21. The Heathens glorified not God as God , neither were thankful , but became vain in their imagination , and their foolish heart was darkned . God forbid , that Christians should become heathenish , become unthankful ; Ingratum si dixeris , dixeris omnia , you accumulate evil on the head of him whom you call unthankful . Those who have the peace of God ruling in their hearts , and are called into one body , must be thankful , Col. 3. 15. But of this I spake before . 4. I passe on to the fourth Law , which is , That we must serve one another ; and this we finde injoyned by that blessed Apostle Gal. 5. 13. Vse not liberty for an occasion to the flesh , but by love serve one another Saints are creatures framed for Society as well as men , and they have Saint-like love and Saint-like service , by which they are to build up one another , Rom. 15. 2. Those who are strong are to beare with the infirmities of the weak , and not to please themselves ; But let every one of us please his neighbour for his good to edification . Is another burdened ? he must not beare his burden alone , but we must beare a part with him , and so fullfil the Law of Christ , Gal. 6. 2. A proud and vaunting spirit should be far from us , that will make us domineere and not feare ; we should condescend to low things , to a service for the good of another ; and his necessity of our help , should have ( as it were ) the force of a command , and make us ambitious to bring in our help . How sweet are those Corporations and Churches , in their Communions , that most practice this service ? Nor is there any cause why men should conceive themselves debased by this way of servitude ; for you serve another no more then he serves you ; and you may need him , as well as he you . 5. The next Law that challengeth our obedience , is , That we must be merciful , and forgive one another . That Law takes it for granted , that we are liable to misery , and to wrong one another ; and to guide you in these cases , commands you mercifulnesse and forgivenesse . Luk. 6. 36. Be you merciful , as your heavenly Father is merciful ▪ a glorious patterne , no mercy like that of a fathers , no fathers mercy like that of Gods ; and yet this is that coppy we are to write after , to be merciful as he is . Col. 3. 12. Put you on as the elect of God , holy and beloved , bowels of mercy , kindness , humbleness of minds , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Viscerd miseri●ordiae , bowels , that is , mercy from an inward disposition , and tender affection ; and such merciful ones are pronounced blessed , and are promised mercy , Math. 5. 7. And as you must be thus pittying the misery of another , so you must be forgiving too . Eph. 4. 32. Be ye kinde one to another , tender-hearted , forgiving one another , as God for Christs sake forgave you . The same blessed patterne again is proposed for forgivenesse , as was to mercifulnesse : Another can never offend you , as you have offended God ; we owe him more then ten thousand talents , and have nothing to pay , and he freely forgives us all , and delights to forgive ; and should not we go and do so also ? It is inserted by our Saviour in his Doctrine of prayer , Math. 6. 12. Forgive us our debts , as we forgive our debtors . If ever you knew the misery that the debt of sin brings on you , you would be full of breathings after forgivenesse , and no● be quiet till you had it on your bosome : Consider well that you oblige your selves to forgive others , when you beg forgivenesse for your selves ; And if you ask how oft you must forgive ? Math. 18. 12. our Saviour makes answer ; I say not unto thee until seven times , but until seventy times seven . 6. The sixth Law takes care about our names , and is this , Reproach not one another . Disgrace is a bitter death , it slayes a mans honour and repute . The Apostle bids Titus put men in minde , Tit. 3. 2. to speak evil of no man : 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , to blaspheme no man. Unjust reproach is a kinde of blasphemy , it speakes ill of what is good in men , and so of what belongs to God in them . There be eight wayes by which worthy and reverend writers lay this down ; four of which respect evil , and four respect good . 1. Imponens . 2. Augens . 3. Manifestans . 4. In mala vertens . 1. When men accuse us falsly , then they reproach us . This mightily afflicts an honest heart ; and the reason is , because he looks on Christ as intrested in his name , and he is really troubled to think Christ should suffer . Of this you have the complaint of the sweet Singer of Israel , Psal . 35. 11. False witnesse did rise up , they laid to my charge things I knew not ; and this you should be far from us . 2. When we causlesly disclose a fault that is secret . God in his riches of mercy , not onely covers our sins in his love , when he forgives them , but hides them from men also : should men know all our faults , we should never live by them in quiet : yet some faults one or two may know ; but when they divulge what they know , when it s neither for the good of the offender , nor warning of others , this is detraction , and evil communication , which the Apostle tels us corrupts good manners . 3. Suppose thy Brother sin , and his sin be open and know ; yet when you aggravate that sin beyond measure , aggravate it more then a greater sin in your selves ; when you meditate how to render him odious and hated , rather then reformed and amended , yea though his soul be humbled , you continue to hold sin and guilt upon him ; is not this to reproach him ? 4. What meane you to blame the Intention of any man , when you cannot blame the Action ? Surely in this case we go beyond our line , and make our selves judges of evil thoughts , and render our selves condemned for want of love and Christian affection . Again , we may indirectly reproach another when we deal unduely with the good of another : Qui negat , aut tacuit , minuit , laudatque remisse . 1. When we deny that good that is in them . God is bountiful in giving of his grace , and our duty it is to own his grace in others as well as in our selves ; now when we deny it , what do we but offer injury to God , and to those who have his grace ? to God who gave , and to them who have received it ; we make by denying , as if he had not given , nor they received such grace from him . 2. When we hide or cloud anothers gifts or graces . It s the due of grace to be transparent , that those that have it may be honoured , and God in them , and others may be exampled : but when we draw a mist over it , and seek to darken that which shines , we discover our selves too much unlike the children of light . 3. Gifts and graces are ofttimes so great , and so drawn out into action by Gods providence , that they cannot be hid . Now to go about to lessen them in the esteem of others , to render those graces low and weake which indeed are high and mighty ; This I say , is a most unworthy and unchristian practice . Thus they dealt with our Saviour ; they could not deny but that a great miracle was wrought , but they envyed him the honour of doing of it ; and therefore they say , He casteth out Devils by Beelzebub the prince of Devils : But I hope God will teach us to abhor this devilish spirit . 4. When God causeth his grace given to others to shine , we are not onely to praise him for it , but to praise his grace in them , and to praise them in whom God hath planted this grace ; and our commendation should be according to the truth and highth of grace , with highest commendations . Now when the lustre of anothers gifts or grace is such , that it draweth forth praise from us , and we cannot but represent it as worthy : yet when we praise it poorly with but 's , and stopps , with ifs , and ands , with disparaging circumlocutions ; God and wise men , cannot but accuse us of reproaching in such a faint praising . 7. A seventh Law of Nature is against Pride , against all undue exalting of our selves , attributing too much to , and vaunting our selves . Now see how much the Gospel-Doctrine is an enemy to this pride : It tells you that pride of life is in the world , and not of the Father , 1 Joh. 2. 26. That God scattereth the proud from the imaginations of their hearts , Luk. 1. 51. Be ye therefore cloathed with humility ; for God resisteth the proud , and giveth grace to the humble ; humble your selves therefore under the mighty hand of God , and he shall exalt you in due time , 1 Pet. 5. 5 , 6. 8. To be just , to give every one their due , and not to respect persons in judgement , is surely a loude speaking Law , highly commanded and commended in the Gospel . Rom. 13. 7. Render therefore to all their dues ; Tribute to whom tribute , honour to whom honour is due . I wonder how those , who from their practice have procured the name of Quakers , can pretend so much to justice , as indeed they do , and yet deny honour to those in authority . Respect is their due as well as obedience ; reverent deportment , toward and before them , as well as performing their commands : and if they say they must not gratifie the flesh , in giving Titles to men ; I may more truely say , they gratifie their own flesh by not giving of them . 9. It follows , as that conclusion which cannot be denied , That we must deale well with them who are the meanes of our peace : Supplications , prayers , intercessions , and giving of thanks , must be for those that are in authority , 1 Tim. 2. 1 , 2. and why ? because they are meanes of our quiet and peaceable living . The Elders that rule well , that labour in word and doctrine , must be accounted worthy of double honour , 1 Tim. 5. 17. We must obey and submit our selves to them ; for they watch for our souls , as they that must give account , Heb. 13 , 17. 10. It s a general conclusion that enemies must be opposed . There be some enemies are like the Amalekites , with whom we must never make peace ; we must give our old man with its affections and lusts no quarter , we must mortifie and crucifie them . Eph. 6. 12. You must wrastle against principalities and powers , the rulers of the darknesse of this world , against spiritual wickednesse in high places : Therefore be strong in the Lord , and in the power of his might . V. 10. Put on the whole armour of God , that ye may be able to stand , and withstand in the evil day . V. 11. & 13. Stand therefore with your loynes girt about with truth , having on the brestplate of righteousnesse , the sheild of faith , the helmet of salvation , and the sword of the spirit . There be other enemies which we must pitty , and pray for , do good to them although they deale ill with us . Math. 5. 44. Love your enemies , and do good to them that hate you , is a sweet Gospel-straine , and of a high nature ; and there be many more such precious passages , which you shall not meet with in the Naturalists ; some of them we shall gather together and now set before you . You are borne again of the spirit , 1 Pet. 1. 3. you have union with Jesus Christ who is a spiritual living Principle , and hath life in himselfe as the Father hath ▪ and hence flowes your spiritnal activity and joy , your lively hope by the resurrection of Christ from the dead . The best the world can brag of , is but a dead hope ; but your hope is lively ; and the livelinesse of your hope ariseth from a life after death , a resurrection ; yea from the resurrection of Christ , and so from his life and death . You are in Christ as branches in the Vine , and members in the head ; one with him , as husband and wife are one flesh , nay as he is one with the Father . Now 2 Cor. 5. 17. as many as are in Christ must be new creatures ; not new in some outward circumstances , but in their whole frame ; not new from ontward restraint , and present occurrences that mould them ; but new from a new inward disposition : and so old thoughts , indulging of sense and appetite , unrulinesse and unreasonablnesse of passion , unduenesse of aims and ends ; all these old things must passe away , and all become new . You are partakers of the Divine Nature , 2 Pet. 1. 4. He doth not say you are partakers of Nature , for that is common to all creatures ; nor of a reasonable nature , for that is common to all men : But a Divine Nature , which is as far above the reasonable , as the reasonable Nature is above the brutish ; it s such a Nature as ariseth from the great and precious Promises that are given to us , and by which , world , lust , and corruption , are escaped . You are Gods workmanship , Eph. 2. 10. Those upon whom God leaves and manifesteth his special power and grace ; you are a created workmanship answerable to that work which called light out of darkness , and created in Christ , as well as by him ; and therefore you must answer Gods great ordination , by being dedicate unto good workes and walking in them ; your motion must be progression , and your progresse must be continued . Your minds must be filled with the knowledge of his will , Col. 1. 9. The manifestation of his minde must be imprinted on yours ; his word is his will revealed , and his will is that which we must know , yea know so , as that there must be no deficiency : you must be filled with it , you must not onely be rational , but wise , not onely understanding , but spiritual , yea filled with all wisdome and spiritual understanding . Eph. 1. 17. makes mention of the spirit of wisdome and revelation : Of wisdome , raising you to exalt the best good as your highest end , and directing you to the aptest meanes for obtaining that good , and what your natural power cannot reach unto , he reveals ; and therefore it concerns you , not onely to have 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , knowledge , but the acknowment of his will ; knowledge upon knowledge , experimental approving knowledge . Your understanding must be inlightned , v. 18. light upon light , spiritual upon natural light , and then you are searching into , not the nicetyes and curiosities of knowledge , but to know his call and the hope of it , his calling you out of darknesse into marvelous light , and laying up a Crown of glory for your hope ; you have the exceeding greatnesse of his power working you to believe , and the glorious riches of the inheritance in the Saints , and all for you to know . You must be transformed by the renewing of your minde , Rom. 12. 2. Transformation and renovation must go together to make up this Christian metamorphosis ; and then you will not be quarrelling and snarling at the word , as if it were a hard saying not to be borne ; but then you will prove the will of God to be good and perfect , and it will be exceeding acceptable to you . You must know the love of God which passeth knowledge , Eph. 3. 19. A strange paradoxe to know that which passeth knowledge , and yet its most true and most sweet ; for its a filling knowledge , a knowledge with a fullnesse , yea the fullest fullnesse ; for it is with all the fullnesse of God. Your hearts must be abounding in sincerity of love to Jesus Christ , his truth and all Saints ▪ They are under the Anathema maranatha that love not the Lord Jesus Christ ; and the power and deceitfulnesse of Satan works in them that receive not the love of the truth ; loving is more then liking ; it s a deliberate act of will , closing with a sutable good . Christ and his truth , his wayes ▪ and his Saints , are most sutable and agreeable to us , when we are in love with him . Your desires must not be faint and weak ; but hungrings and thirstings , and that after righteousnesse ; strong desires for the apprehension of the excellency of the object , and necessity of enjoying : desires from an inward sense of want , and unsatisfied without the enjoyment of what is desired ; and yet are you truely blessed in your desire after those things . You must be walking in the feare of the Lord , and comforts of the holy Ghost , Act. 9. 31. Happy is the man that feareth alway , that is in the actual apprehension of Gods greatnesse and goodnesse , and so is troubled left his carriage should not answer them both . Holy comforts do not make men idle or wanton , but walking , and fearing , walking in the comforts of the holy Ghost ; and if sorrows and mournings overtake them , they have comforts in them ; for its godly sorrow causing repentance never to be repented of . The great duty of your heart is to believe on the Lord Jesus Christ that you may be saved ; to see him in the excellency of his person , and that he is able to save to the uttermost ; and that he is the onely one , there being no other name given whereby you can be saved ; saved from sin and wrath , from guilt and power ; hence you leane , rest , and stay on him , roule your selves into his armes , and if you perish resolve to perish there : and so believing in hope against hope , are strong in faith , and give glory to God , Rom. 4. 18. & 20. and this faith must purifi● your hearts ; so that when others are transported with unruly passions , you must be shewing forth all meeknesse , kindnesse , and gentlenesse . You must rejoyce in the Lord allway , Phil. 4. 4. Your faith gives a sweet enjoyment of Christ , and that enjoyment doth inlarge your heart with joy unsp eakable and full of glory , which make up that peace that passeth all understanding . It is no light or loose joy , but that which guards the heart and minde from the assaults and insults of sin and Satan , and make up that new name that none can read but he that hath it . Your mouths must correspond with your hearts , and no corrupt communication is to proceed out of your mouth : our mouths are made instruments to communicate our thoughts ; but this communication must not be corrupt in us , or tending in the least to corrupt others ; it must be good , not corrupt , but useful and profitable , good to the use of edifying , that it may minister grace unto the hearers : grace in you may draw forth grace in them , good communication in you may promote good communication in them . No foolish talking nor jesting which are not convenient ; that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which is a virtue with Aristotle , is set down by the Apostle as a thing not convenient . Talking is then foolish when it promotes not the feare of God , and the good ends we should prosecute : and mark how the Apostle joynes jesting with foolish talking . I dare appeale to your experience that when you have garbled your jesting , you have met with a mixture of too much folly and vanity in your mirth . Giving of thanks should be the language of Saints on earth , as it is of Saints and Angels in heaven , and then are your tongues your glory ; and therefore it s brought in with a sed potius , but rather giving of thanks . Let your speech be gracious , always seasoned with salt , Col. 4. 6. Mark how God comes to regulate your speech : It must be gracious ; that is , ( as you heard ) minister grace to the hearers , and it must not be so for a fit , or a spurt , but always . There are two notable arguments set down to bridle your tongue . First that when your speech doth not minister grace to the hearers , you grieve the Spirit of God , Eph. 4. 29 , & 30. and how sad should that fall upon us to grieve him , by whom we are sealed unto the day of redemption ? And a second argument is in this sixth verse , that you may know how to answer every man. Men will be apt to object against you , and to object against you from your own words ; and you cannot be in a capacity to answer them , except your speech be gracious . It peirceth a godly tender soul to heare the swearing and cursing , the blasphemy and railing , that your Streets swarme withal ; to have their eares buffered with uncleane , rotten , filthy communications : But by how much you finde the sinfullnesse and carelessnesse of most men , the more ought you to bridle your tongues , and aspire to that perfection , not to offend in that unruly member , and so shew forth that your Religion is not in vain . You must not onely be good speakers , but doers of that which is good ; you must be hearers , but not onely hearers , but doers also : but mark what you must be doers of ; not your own will , or the lusts of men , but doers of the word ; not praters , but practitioners ; and there is a strong argument added , that you may be blessed in your deed , not onely after but in your deed . Holinesse carrieth happinesse along with it , Rom. 6. 22. they have their fruit unto holinesse , and the end everlasting life ; they have their fruit now , & hereafter too ; now in holiness , herafter in life everlasting . You must deny your selves , Matth. 16. 24. you must undoe as well as doe , deny as well as grant ; deny your own carnal reasonings , affections , experience , and conversation . Tit. 2. 12. You must deny not some , but all ungodlinesse ; all beginnings , thoughts , occasions , meanes , signes , and measures of ungodlinesse ; and though the world should make large proffers to you of pleasure , or profit , yet you must deny your worldly lust , your lust and desire after those worldly things , and Moses ▪ like refuse the pleasures of sin which are but for a season ; and account suffering affliction with the people of God greater riches then the treasures of Egypt ; and as Moses saw him by faith that was invisible , so you must deny ungodlinesse and worldly lusts upon a ground of faith and hope : for so it follows , looking for the blessed hope . The blessednesse hoped for being duely looked on by an eye of faith , is the ready way to deny ungodlinesse and worldly lusts . How contemptible will the world seeme to us when we consider the glorious appearance of the Great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ ! Oh then look on Christ as appearing , and on his appearing as glorious ; look on Jesus Christ as the Great God , and the Great God as your Saviour , and then you will abominate ungodlinesse and worldly lusts , and say to them , Get you hence , what have I any more to doe with you ? V. 14. Christ gave himselfe that he might redeeme us from all iniquity . How free & full is that gift ! who is able to express the greatness of it ? He gave himselfe , laid aside his own glory and excellency , and though he were God , equal with the Father , was content to be in the form of a servant ; and though he were the Lord of glory , to become of no reputation : and why all this ? to redeeme us from all iniquity . It s much according to the heart of Christ , that you and your iniquity should be parted , and that sin should have no more dominion over you ; that you should no more be to your own lust , or to the lusts of men , but a peculiar people to himselfe , living soberly , righteously , and godly , in this present world ; and not onely working what is good , but continually zealous of good works , working good , although evil oppose you . Being Saints , the Promises are yours , and you are the dearely beloved ones ; and therefore , 2 Cor. 7. 1. You must cleanse your selves from all filthinesse of flesh and spirit . The love of God and the Promises , are all so cleansing : Gods love cannot indure to see the spots in his Spouse ; and therefore stricks at all filthinesse , filthinesse of flesh and filthinesse of spirit : observe its cleansing , not onely forbearing your lust for a while , but taking away the defilement of it . How ever men may conceit of their sins , they come to pollute and defile them . Now it s the imployment of a Saint to be purging , and purging upon spiritual grounds , upon the ground of having the Promises , and being the dearely beloved ones . The being of a Saint lieth in holinesse ; no holinesse , and no Saint ; and a Saints duty it is , to be serious and constant in the perfecting of holinesse , and that in the feare of God. You must be obedient , Phil. 2. 12. and worke out your salvation with feare and trembling . V. 13. Doe all things without murmuring . V. 14. That you may be the sons of God. V. 15. that is , that you may appeare to be the sons of God , Blameless : not onely free from fault , but as he said of Caesars wife , Oportet uxorem Caesaris non modo a culpa liberam esse , sed a suspitione culpae : you must be free from the very suspition of fault ; not onely abstaining from evil , but all appearance of evil : You must be harmelesse , or else you cannot be blamelesse ; if you be fighting and quarrelling , snarling , and wrangling , you are as the men of the world , and not as the sons of God. How ready will those men be to reproach you without a cause ? but if you give a cause , oh then what vaunting and triumphing is there ! whereas it lies on you to walke so , as to put to silence the carpings of malicious men . You are in the midst of a crooked and perverse generation , in the midst of a darke world , and God hath made you as so many Stars , to have light and to give light . Oh let not any league with any sinful lust darken your souls : If the light in you be darknesse , how great is that darknesse ? You must like John , be burning and shining lights ; not onely have the light of grace within you to guide you to happinesse , but this light must be burning , and shining , in clearnesse of knowledge , and warmness of affection , so as to help others when they are in the darke , and that your zeale may provoke very may . You must hold out the word of life ; you have not onely the word of light , but the word of life within you , which to you is a quickning word , dividing asunder between the joynts and marrow ; and this word of light and life , this living word you are to hold out ; for your light must shine before men , that they may see your good works : before men ; most men are in darknesse , and sit in darknesse ; carnal sensual men cannot receive the things of God : and yet God requires such a shining in you , that these men , these blind men , may some way see ; and here again observe , it must be good works , and good works with light ; not barely good words , or good profession , that will convince them ; you may talke long enough , and these men will never see any good , unlesse you worke it frequently and constantly . You must glorifie your Father which is in heaven , and they by you . It was Christ his work upon earth , and it s yours ; and he finished that work , and so should you . Joh. 17. Herein is my Father glorified that you bring forth much fruit , so shall ye be my Disciples . You must be abounding , and abounding alway in the work of the Lord , knowing your labour is not in vain ; filled with the fruits of righteousnesse which are by Christ to the glory of the Father ; giving all diligence , and adding to your faith virtue , and to virtue knowledge , to knowledge temperance , and to temperance patience , to patience godlinesse , and to godlinesse brotherly-kindnesse , and to brotherly-kindnesse love : These things must be in you , and abound in you , that ye may not be barren or unfruitful in the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ . You have been the servants of sin long enough ; now it concerns you to obey from the heart the form of Doctrine into which you were delivered . It lies upon you to raise common things by holy ends , and to turne outward objects into spiritual converse . If you do but eat and drink , walk or work , work or recreate , what ever ye do in word or deed , it must be all to the glory of God , in the Name of the Lord Jesus Christ , giving thanks to God the Father by him . Eating and drinking are but natural actions ; but they must have Gods glory as their end . Nature may teach you to give thanks ; but it s the Gospel that teacheth you in your thanksgiving to haverecourse to God the Father in the Name of the Lord Jesus . The meanesse of your condition must not hinder the raisednesse of you holinesse . Suppose you are servants , the Gospel teacheth you how to make your service to become divine . Col. 3. 22. Servants , obey in all things your Masters , not with eye-service as men-pleasers , but in singlenesse of heart fearing God : and whatever you do , do it heartily as to the Lord , and not to men , knowing that of the Lord ye shall receive a reward ; for ye serve the Lord Christ . You must obey your Masters , but so as you must declare you are fearing God , while you are obeying them ; you must render them service , but not eye-service . God requires the heart for himselfe , and when he requires your respect to another , he requires your heart thereto . How unlike is your complemental expression , of saying , Your servant , your humble servant Sir , to the singlenesse of heart here mentioned ? You must please men , and yet not be men-pleasers , but please God in the pleasing of them ; you must do , and do heartily , but as to the Lord , and not to men ; and there 's good reason for it ; for of him you must receive the reward , for ye serve the Lord Christ : he tells you of serving men , and serving Christ , yea serving Christ in serving men ; and thus you greaten little , and highten low things . You should be persons of a raised manner of behaviour , in all actions , states , and conditions , in all holy conversation and godlinesse : But most of all when you come to worship God , who will be sanctified in his nigh ones , and glorified before all the people , Levit. 10. 3. To worship God is to be neer to him ; you are then under a promise of his special presence : But then he will be sanctified ; either you must sanctifie him , or he will sanctifie himselfe ; he must be sanctified , either in and by you , in the holinesse of your hearts , or upon you in the execution of his just judgements . You must not think to content your selves with pretence to worship God alone in your Closet or Family ; but you must worship him also before all the people ; and that is a glorifying him . You must worship the Father , Joh. 4. 24. but it must be in spirit and truth . Gospel-worship hath lesse outward pompe and ceremony then that under the Law ; and therefore it must have more of plainesse and purity ; else God should be a loser . You must pray alwayes , Eph. 6. 18. with all manner of prayer and supplication , not prate but pray ; repetition of words in form of confessions or petition , are not prayer ; your praying must be in the spirit ; your spirits in prayer must be drawn forth and acted by Gods spirit , your affections must be spiritual , or you cannot pray ; it may be babling and howling , but praying it is not unlesse it be in the spirit ; your heads may work , and your lips may move , but it s no prayer if the heart lie still : the voice of words is not the voice of prayer , but the sighs and groans that cannot be uttered , Rom. 8. 26 , 27. You must lift up your souls in prayer , lay hold on the strength of the Almighty and wrastle with him , not letting him alone until he blesse you . Jesus Christ hath set up and set open a Throne of grace , and given us a boldnesse of accesse , Eph. 3. 12. You must come in his Name with confidence : Aske and you shall bave , seeke and you shall finde , knock and it shall be opened to you . You must watch and pray , yea watch unto prayer with all perseverance and joy , Eph. 6. 18. You lose many sweet praying opportunities by not watching your season : you lose the acting and improvement of many graces , and obtaining of many precious comforts , and sweet returnes , by not persevering in prayer . Far be it from you to pray as a task , or as a work which you are soon weary of , and glad when it is over ; but you must persevere in prayer , and pray with joy , and joy to pray . You must attend at the posts of Wisdomes door , Prov , 8. 34. Laying aside all malice , and all guile , and hypocrisies , and envyes , and all evil speakings ; as new born babes desire the sincere milke of the word , that you may grow thereby : 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , the sincere milke , the form of wholesome words , not sugared with the wisdome of words , but coming in the demonstration of the spirit and with power . That word desire , and desire as new born babes , out of a spiritual instinct , and inward inclination , so as not to be satisfied without you taste the sweetnesse of it , desire it in the sincerity of it , and with the sincerity of desire , that ye may grow thereby . Accretio est mutatio minoris quantitatis in majorem , usque ad terminum praefinitum a naturâ : Growth is the change of a lesse quantity and degree of grace into a greater ; when you passe from your little knowledge , faith , and love , to a greater measure , then you grow . God hath given his word for to strengthen as well as to beget us , and the sincere word is the word that makes you grow , and that word for that end , should have our strong first born desires . The noble Bereans , Acts 17. 11. received the word with all readinesse of minde , and searched the Scriptures daily whether those things were so . And it will be no lesse noblenesse in you to receive and search , to receive with readinesse and retaine with gladnesse the word of truth . This will argue the honesty and goodnesse of your hearts , Luk. 8. 15. thus to heare and keep , and bring ●orth fruit with patience . You must like Mary ponder Christs sayings in your hearts , giving more earnest heed to the things which you have heard , lest at any time you should let them slip . Heb. 2. 1. Coming to the Lords Table you must examine your selves , and so eate of that bread and drink of that cup , which is no lesse th en the Communion of the body and blood of the Lord ; and thus judging your selves , you are discerning the Lords body , and are not condemned with the world : you being thus entertained in Christs bosome as guests at his Table , you must not forget your poor Brethren that be in want . This communicating is doing good , and a Gospel Sacrifice wherewith God is well pleased ; it is extensive to all , but especially to those who are of the houshold of faith . The blessed Gospel teacheth us not onely to do , but suffer . This is a special gift , Phil. 1. 29. To you its given on the behalfe of Christ , not onely to believe but suffer . Suffering makes way for patience , and patience must not onely work , but have a perfect worke , Jam. 1. 4. You must not onely be patient , but glory in tribulation , knowing that our patience worketh experience , and experience hope . What although men should revile you , and say all manner of evil against you ? let it be falslely and for Christs sake , and then rejoyce and be exceeding glad , for great is your reward in heaven , who are now strengthened with all might ▪ according to his glorious power unto all patience and long-suffering with joyfullnesse ; So that if you suffer as Christians for Christs cause , and with the spirit of Christ , you should not be ashamed , but glorifie God on that behalfe ; counting your selves happy to be reproached for the Name of Christ ; for the spirit of glory and of God resteth upon you . Here followeth the Appendix mentioned in the Fifth Chapter of this Book . IT was laid down in the fifth Chapter , That when Christ works great changes in Kingdomes and Common-wealths , he sheweth signes in the heaven above , and in the earth beneath ; and that occasioned this Question , Quest . Whether those signes in heaven which Christ sheweth , do not favour or countenance Astrological Predictions ? Ans . To which I answer negatively . Those Signes that Christ sheweth , do not in the least favour their Predictions . Now that you may more fully take in the compasse and meaning of this answer , we shall first shew you what we grant concerning the Stars , and then what we deny . Now we grant these five things . 1. That the Stars have a powerful ruling excellency by their light , heat , and motion . They are not like the paints in a Chamber , which we look on , but they work not on us . The seat and station of the Stars tell us that they are not placed there to disgrace the Heavens ; but that they have that in their being which answers so high a place , and work to their ends . So Job 38. 31. Canst thou binde the sweet influences of the Pleiades ? Stars have their influences ; that is , their virtue , and power extended to others . Psal . 8. 3. When I consider the Heavens the work of thy fingers , the Moon and the Stars which thou hast ordained . The Stars then are Gods Ordinances , creatures ordained by him , and by him for us to consider of . Luke 21. 26. The powers of heaven shall be shaken . The powers of heaven , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , are sure such as are not weake , but strong in their operation ; therefore , Psal . 136. 9. The Moon and the Stars are said to rule the night . 2. We grant that the Stars by their light , heat , and motion , do work great alteration in the Aire , the first heaven , as being neerest to it ; God hath placed the creatures neer one another , that they might act conjoynedly . The clearnesse or cloudinesse of the Aire may relate to the Stars ; the Stars also are considerable in the moisture , or drynesse of the Aire . If the wind be Aer motus , the Aire moved ; I know not but that motion may some what relate to the virtue of the Stars . 3. We deny not but that the Stars having this power over the Aire , they do by the aire diversly affect compound bodies that breath in this aire . This our experience teacheth us ; In faire weather we are more Frollick , our spirits are up , we are more apt to sing , to move cheerfully , our phantasies are more busie , and our motion more pleasant ; whereas in thick foggy weather , our brains are clouded , and we are heavy and dull of Action . Heat , cold , moysture , and drynesse , are the four principal qualities of compounded bodies ; and surely the temperature of the Aire works much on these , as is observable when we are sick . 4. Scripture speakes plainly , That they are for times and for seasons , for days and for years , Gen. 1. 14. The lights in the firmament are to divide the day from the night , and to be for seasons , for days and years . Seasons are such times as are proper and peculiar to some actions and bodies ; He appointeth the Moon for seasons , and the Sun knoweth his going down , Psal . 104. 19. Seasons are such portions of time , as if a man come forth to act in , he shall finde an advantage to his work from the time ; which advantage he will misse if he go not forth then . Thus in sowing , the growth and fruit depends not onely on the commiting of the seed to the ground , but committing it to the ground in a certaine time , which is therefore called sowing Season : sow before or after that time , and your labour will not thrive ; and this sheweth the goodnesse of that promise , Gen. 8. 22. While the earth remaineth , Seed-time and Harvest , and Cold and Heat , Summer and Winter , Day and Night , shall not cease . Thus learned Mr. Aynsworth explaines Job 9. 9. concerning the four Seasons of the year : Which maketh Arcturus , Orion , and Pleiades , and the Chambers of the South : Arcturus ariseth in September , and beginneth Autumne ; Orion ariseth in December , and beginneth Winter ; Pleiades ariseth in the Spring ; and the Chambers of the South he interprets of the Southerne Stars , which are for the most part hidden from us , as in Chambers ; but some arise so as in Summer , as the Dog-star . 5. We readily yeild that there may be some present Predictions about weather , and things contemperating therewith ; such as Mariners , Physitians , and Husbandmen make : of which we read , Luke 12. 54 , 55. When ye see a cloud rise out of the West , straitway you say , there cometh a shower , and it is so : and when you see the South winde blow , you say there will be heat , and it cometh to passe . Mariners at Sea have many useful signes of winde or storme to follow , and so accordingly prepare to avoid the danger . Physitians by the temper of the Aire , and the body of the Patient , foretel what intension or remission of the fit there may be . Husbandmen ( whose labour casts them to be much abroad ) are not unskillful concerning the Seasons , and so accordingly to order their Cattel . But these are vastly different from those things which men presume to answer from the Stars , although the Stars be altogether silent concerning them : As about Marriage , Trade , Health , or Sicknesse , manner of Living and Dying . The confident conclusions about these things , are the darke visions of mens wicked hearts , which the Stars give no light unto . Thus ye see what we grant . 1. That Stars have a ruling power . 2. Make great alterations in the Aire ; and so , 3. On compound bodies . 4. They make times and seasons . And 5. That men may from the present consideration , make predictions of times and seasons from them . That which we deny , we shall lay down in two Propositions . 1. The Stars have no power over the Reason or will of men to necessitate or inforce them to this or that way or object . Stars cannot act immediatly on the minde to present this or that thing to its consideration or apprehension . They cannot fixe or tye down the mind to Meditation . They cannot suggest that which is for argumentation . They cannot make the conclusions which the minde shall assent unto , or cause that assent . They cannot directly incline the will to this or that good , to passe by this , and pitch upon that , or suspend from either . Angels are creatures in their make and being more excellent then the Stars , acting by reason and will as we doe , and so are neerer to us : yet they have no such power over us : How much lesse the Stars ? We say secondly , 2. That no man can pretend rightly to foretel from the Stars things that in their production depend on the will of man , or are otherwise contingent : And that the pretences to such Predictions , and undertakings therein , are frivolous and impious , as may appeare by these seven Arguments . 1. Such a way of prediction is derogatory to Gods prerogative , who onely knows all things in himselfe , and not from without himselfe as we do ; he knows all things , and all the circumstances of things , not by discourse or succession as we do , but altogether and at once , past , present , and to come . It s a high presumption for any creature to presume to know those things which God hath hidden . Now God hath hidden all contingent things from us : The reason is , because our knowledge of things is by their causes : Scire est per causas rem cognoscere . To know , is to unstand a thing by its causes ; but contingent things to come have not now their determination in their causes ; 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 non habent in causa sua determinationem : Things contingent are more undetermined then other future things . Contingentia vera est indeterminata potentialitas ad plura : True contingency is an undetermined potentiality to more things . There be two things in Contingency . 1. It makes a thing liable to this or that way , this or that hand , this or that being ; it hath a possibility to this or that . 2. That this possibility is not determined to this so as not to that , or to that so as not to this ; and so no man knows where , or when it will fall : That is Gods prerogative thus to know contingencies . 2. This manner of prediction is diametrically opposit to the word of God. Heare the voyce of the third Command , Thou shalt not take the Name of the Lord thy God in vain . Now Astrological Predictions do take his Name in vain . Gods creatures are his workes , and so his Name , because they make him known , as a name doth the thing whereof it is a name , when they are applyed to that end that he hath set out for them . But now Astrology in these Predictions is a grosse abuse of the Heavens and the Stars ; for they wrest them to serve their wicked lusts and phantasies , boastings , and covetousnesse . God never appointed them to foretel such things as they would make them speak about , as will farther appeare in the next reason . Levit. 19. 26. Ye shall use no inchauntments , or observe times : It is so much against his will , that when the holy Ghost would set out something notably crosse to him , it s said to be as witchcraft , 1 Sam. 15. 23. But I know they will deny their Predictions to be witchcraft ; but if they be not from natural causes , or from divine revelation , I know not what else to refer them to . Deut. 18. 9 , 10. Thou shalt not learne to do after the abominations of those Nations ; There shall not be found among you one that useth Divination , or an observer of times . Take notice . 1. They are an abomination to the Lord. 2. They are such abominations as the Nations used . 3. Such as for which God drave them out . It s remarkable , the vilest of Men and Nations , and the bitterest enemies of the Church , are branded with this sin . Pharaoh King of Egypt , Exod. 7. 11. Pharaoh called the Wise men and the Sorcerers . Nebuchadnezzar King of Babylon , Ezek. 21. 21. The King of Babylon stood at the parting of the way , at the head of the two wayes to use divination . Isa . 2. 6. Thou hast forsaken thy people because they are Southsayers like the Philistines . Now Egyptians , Babylonians , and Philistines , were the noted enemies of Gods Israel . God will be a swift witnesse against such , Mal. 3. 5. He forsooke his people the house of Jacob because they were Southsayers . Ezk. 13. 9. My hand shall be upon them that divine lyes , they shall not be in the assembly of my people . Isa . 41. 25. God frustrateth the tokens of lyars , and maketh Diviners mad . 3. We shall reason from the Nature of the Stars . The fixed Stars are not to be numbred , Gen. 15. 5. It s the speech of God to Abraham , Tell the Stars if thou be able to number them : that is , he was not able to number them ; and as their numbers , so their virtues are not known . There may be as many contrary aspects which men know not , as which they pretend to know ; and the unknown contrary aspects may hinder the aspects they know . Mathematicians say the Heavens are whirled about with so rapid and swift a motion , that in a small moment of time , the state of the stars is changed from the diverse stations , whereof the Predictions are . Now , how can they declare that , when it is uncertaine in what temperament the Stars be ? Beside the virtue of the Stars is mingled together in the subject whereon they work : They do not work singly and apart on the subjects ; as for example ; Jupiter doth not worke alone without Mars , nor Mars without Jupiter , but all the Stars put forth their force and virtue together : Sol , Luna , Mercury , and the rest work together on the Aire , and so on compound bodies , and so they are common causes ; that is , their causing power is such as is not proper and peculiar to one constellation , so as other Stars and constellations do not share in it ; but what they put forth its common to other Stars together with them , and so these Stars with these Stars ; and it being so , how can they ascribe this or that consequent to one Star so as not to another , since they all caused together the effect ? Astrologers make the Stars particular causes , causing particular effects , or else they can foretel nothing by them . Surely the Stars groane to be thus abused , to be diverted from the end they were appointed to ; and put under this bondage to serve the phantasies of men , and not those proper ends assigned them by God. 4. We reason from the Nature of Art : Ars est sapientia Dei in Creaturis refracta : Art is the wisdome of God refracted in the creatures . All wisdome and knowledge is incomprehensively centered and meeting in God , but there it is too high for our reach ; but it s severed and broken in the creatures , that so we may understand it in them . I deny not but there is an Art of the Stars , which Art God hath made , and its a beame of his wisdome shining on them , which is called Astronomy ; that is , the Law of the Stars , or that rule that God hath subjected the Stars unto , and our reason findes out . But that is not the wisdome of God whereby he knows and foretels things to come ; that wisdome , that foreknowledge , that foreknowing wisdome God never placed in the Stars , nor shall we ever finde it there . All Art is that which by our meditation , arguing , observation , and experience , we take up out of the Creature whereof it is an Art ; as in the Art of Musicke : no man makes the Art of Musicke , that is a creature of Gods making : onely men finde out and discover what God hath made ; as namely , God hath made this or that proportion in sounds which cause Harmony , men have not made these proportions ; men indeed finde them out to be there where God hath put them : Omnis applicatio rationis rectae ad aliquid factibile pertinet ad artem , saith Aquinas : that is , All the application of right Reason unto any thing that is to be done pertains to Art ; so the application of our right reason unto sounds , findes out God wisdome there , and belongs to the Art of it . Study , yea study again and again the nature of the Stars , you shall never finde any such prognosticative virtue placed in the Stars . Parentes disciplinarum sunt Experientia & Inductio . Experience and Induction , are the Parents of Arts. Experience is the gathering of many observations , and applying them to certaine proper uses : But if men gather true observations , and apply them rightly , they shall never make up their predictions , but that which shall come forth far different from them . Induction is the gathering together of many experiences : Now if they can make no experience , they cannot make Inductions which is out of many experiences ; and if neither experience , nor induction , then no Art. 5. We argue from that part of Astrology concerning Predictions about alteration of the Aire , about faire or foule weather . How grossly are they mistaken there , and how is that contradicted and condemned by our daily experience ? So that I am more then three quarters perswaded , that if one take an Almanack calculated for this present yeare , 1655. and where it is written fair weather , write foule , and where it s written foule , write faire ; where its written stormes , write calme ; and your writing , as to the event and successe , shall fall out as right as that which was first calculated . Part of the reason that induceth me into this opinion is this . Much , yea very much of weather depends upon the winde : Now who knows twelve months before , where the winde will be twelve months after ? nay who knows this day , where the winde will be to morrow ? God hath not left the windes in the keeping of the Stars ; but he holds them in his fist , and rides upon the wings of them , Psal . 104. 3. Millions of men live and trade in the great deeps , they have their several ways ; some Eastward , some Westward , some outward , some homeward bound : God knows all their wayes and occasions , and who stands in most need of winde and weather , and he serves all their turnes in his season ; and so turnes wind and weather as he thinks good , without acquainting the Stars with it . Now if they mistake so wofully in this one thing , which seemes to be most within their Sphere : and if God have so ordered it , that although Mariners , Physitians , and Husbandmen , can by the present face and posture of the skie , tell somewhat of winde and weather insuing , but they are limited that they cannot do this fourteen dayes before ; nor then when they do it , any farther then by a likely conjecture . How can we imagine Astrologers should take upon them rightly the foretelling of things contingent many years after ? 6. These Predictions are derogatory to that excellent frame that God hath made man in . It s the noblenesse of his make , that where he acts like himselfe , acts as a man , he acts by wit and will : He is agens consilio , such an Agent as acts by Counsel ; that is , by dictate and principle of Reason and will ; and these two are lockt up from the powers of all creatures , that they cannot act on them immediatly ; and so from the power of the Stars . I meane , that it is in the Nature of Man , when these creatures have done their uttermost , yet for him to rise up , and act contrary to all their actings . I know Astrologers use frequently this saying ; — Sapiens dominabitur Astris : A wise man shall beare rule over the Stars . Yet how unduely and imperiously do they incroach upon the Queen and Castle of the soul ? I meane the will of man , and prescribe wicked Laws for hope and feare : Alas , how many , too many are inslaved by them ? These Astrologers make their nests above the Stars , and Lord it over their weake disciples , assuming more right over them then the Stars have ; for many times they take away their rest , and weaken the quiet of their minde by their dayly expectation of such successes as they presumptuously speak of , and shall never come to passe . For shame , for shame , let us redeem our selves from this Captivity . God hath not subjected your reason and will to Angels ; then surely not to Stars or Star-gazers : Angelus non potest aliquam formam imprimere in imaginatione nisi mediante sensu extrinseco , nec potest voluntatem nostram mutare : Aquin. An Angel cannot imprint any forme upon our imagination , but by the interposition and mediation of the sense , which is outward , neither can an Angel change our will. Let us blush to attribute that to Stars and men , that Angels have not . 7. The last argument we shall name taken from the nature of things contingent : Now there we have this rule , Futurorum Contingentium non est determinata veritas ; that is , the Truth of future contingent things is not determined ; and yet how peremptorily doe they conclude concerning these things ? As about marrying a wife , about what kinde of life or imployment this or that man shall be of ; whether he shall dye by war , or by water ; that in such a yeare of his life he shall be sicke , that he shall be deare to Princes , and such like . Now these are things that are undetermined ; that is , they may fall out this or that way : how can they have any knowledge of them ? Contingens dicitur quod aliter esse potest . A thing is said to be contingent , that might have been otherwise then it is ; that although in time it come to passe in this or that shape ; yet as to the causes producing , it might as well have been in another shape . God retains the determination of these things in his own will , and therefore he knows them , but men cannot . Things are said to be contingent inwardly , or outwardly . The actings of the will of man , make that contingency that is called inward : Outward contingency ariseth from some outward help or impediment : Now that God hath removed these acts of the will from the Stars , we heard before ; and no lesse removed are the helps or hinderances that doe fall out in the producing of particular effects , to which the Stars can give you no light , but leave you in the darke . But doe not many things they speake of come to passe and fall out as they foretel ? and doth not this mightily commend their way ? You say that Experience is the mother of Arts , and they have many experiences ; and how will you , or can you answer them ? I answer diverse wayes . 1. I deny that they have so many experiences as they brag of ; Somewhat that seemes to favour their proceedings , may be taken notice of by those who affect and admire such a way ; and no marvel then , if it be commended far beyond what it was ; for the commendations follow the affection of the commender , and not alwayes the nature of the thing commended . And what if men to spread their lyes farther will print them , must they be true because they are in print ? And what if some things reported be of some antiquity , will that make them authenticke ? They have not so much to brag of as they pretend ; for mauy things are said to come to passe that did not . 2. Suppose such and such things doe come to passe , it s not from any causing virtue in the Stars : If you could heare their voice , you would have them disclaming of their influences to such effects . They come to passe , t is true ; but are there no other causes then the Stars ? are there not other things that are neerer to which they may be ascribed ? surely there are . 3. Blind men sometime hit the white , and dreames sometime sute with what after falls out : and so many Astrologers among many falshoods , speake something that may prove true ; and no marvel , seeing their Predictions are like the dubious answers of the Oracles , which may admit a diverse sense , and speake in general termes , which credulous men apply as they think fit . 4. The coming to passe is the strongest argument against them ; It comes to passe , but not by any thing in the nature of the Stars foretelling it , nor by any Art , nor by any revelation from God. Then may you not justly feare , that such discoveries arise from him who is the enemy of God , and your souls ? the lyar , and the father of lyes , the prince of darknesse and of the power of the aire , who workes effectually in the children of disobedience : and were you not much better to want such Predictions , then take them up by such a hand ? 5. It may come to passe in a way of Judicial vengeance ; your mindes are set upon lyes and vanities , and God may answer you according to the visions of your own heart . Ezek. 14. 4. Every man that putteth the stumbling blocke of his iniquity before his face , and cometh to the Prophet ; I the Lord will answer him that cometh according to the multitude of his Idols . If God answer him that comes to his Prophet according to the iniquity of his heart ; How much more will he answer them that come to Astrologers , Satans Prophets , according to their iniquity ? 2 Thess . 2. 9. Antichrist cometh after the working of Satan , with all power and signes and lying wonders . Now vers . 10. Because they receive not the truth in love , Verse 11. God sends them strong delusions that they should beleeve a lye : or it may be God comes to try you . Deut. 13. 1 , 2 , 3. See how the case is there stated . If there arise a Prophet that giveth thee a signe or a wonder , and the signe or the wonder come to passe , whereof he spake unto thee , saying , let us goe after other Gods ; Thou shalt not hearken to the words of that Prophet or dreamer of dreams ; for the Lord your God proveth you , whether you love the Lord your God with all your Heart and with all your Soul. A word of Application . 1. To those who are professors and teachers of the Mathematickes . I have one word to you ; and would to God it might finde acceptance with you . I honour all Art ; if not too much , I am sure enough : and I hate not that pleasing and profitable study of the Mathematicks , although I confesse my selfe no proficient therein . I would humbly intreate you to keep to what is Art , and the wisdome of God in the creature , and that will render you wise , not Cunning men . Surely Piety is the best Policy , and the feare of the Lord , the beginning of wisdome . I appeale to your own consciences : should you not tremble when in your Predictions you aspire to what i● proper to God , and not communicable to man ? It s enough for our narrow compasse , and to keep us humble , to recall a little of what is past ▪ and to know ●ot very much of what is present before us , but least of all what is to come . The Apostle Paul would not have the Corinthians should thinke 1. Cor. 4. 6. above what is written 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ▪ Be not angry with me if I wish you so well , that I would not have you to think , or write above what God hath written in his word or workes . There be some things in all Arts that God hides from men , as Sympathys and Antipathies in natural Philosophy , the returnes of Agues by set fits in Medicinal practice ; and in your own way , the cause of the ebbings and flowings of the Sea : You are not infallible in what you think you know : you are apt enough to erre as you are men ; Humanum est errare ; but how much more apt if you proceed by erroneous principles and doctrines ? Is it nothing to you that God hath stirred up the spirits and pens of those who are godly and wise to appeare against your way ? I should much suspect my selfe to be in the way of Balaam , when I should meet with so many Angels , ( Ministers , Messengers , of God ) coming against me . You may mistake , and so mispeake , as that Divination may easily turn into a lye , Isa . 44. ●5 . and God may blast that reason into madnesse that is so abused : and then how sad will your case be , when you must be ranked with those who are without , whose property is described ▪ to be such who love and make a lye , Rev. 22. 15. Oh remember how unduely and nnworthily you have perplexed , and rejoyced the hearts of people : you have put them in feare where no feare was , and rejoyced them when you had no good ground for it . You have raised up hopes in them like spiders webbs , which a little time hath easily swept away ; and you have driven many to despaire , when God gave no cause for such desperation . How infectious have your principles and practices been ? How many have been misled by you ? Think on your Schollers whom you have trained up to follow your steps ; if you walke awry , how can they walke right ? Doth it not , or may it not pitty your heart to see so many , young , ingenious , hopeful Gentlemen , to be corrupted by you ? It may be God may give you repentance , which I heartily wish ; but they may be hardned in their vanity , and never returne ; and will not that fall sad on you , when you shall remember that you have a generation in the pit beneath , whom your false teaching and corrupt example hath begotten ? You cannot be so inobservant in your own way , but you doe know that God from heaven doth beare witnesse against your weather-wisdome ; making that prove faire that you foretel to be foul , and foule to be fair . Now if you are so much out in that which is lowest in your way ; may you not much more mistake in higher pretences ? Surely since you are so confident of things to come , which yet God and Nature hath not actually determined , you might be more bold to call up things past ; if you can tell a person what shall befal him , you may as well tell what hath befallen him . Why doe you not bend your thoughts that way , and not this ? is it not because it would not be so taking with men , and withal it would decry your skill ? Remember , and forget not , you must give account of your wayes and workes ; thinke seriously of it : Will your proceedings be owned by Christ another day ? will he say to you , Euge bone serve , Well done thou good and faithful servant ? thou hast been faithful in thy Predictions , I will make thee Lord of ten Cities ; enter into thy Masters joy . Will he not rather accuse you for abusing your selves and others ? for mispending your parts and paines , and snarling at those who reproved you ? Your sins are great , but not unpardonable : Oh that God would give you repentance unto life , like those we read of in Acts 19. 19. Many believed , and among those , Many that used curious Arts , brought their Bookes together and burned them before all men . If you will stile your dealings Arts ; others , and rightly too , will call them Curious : Now there was cause enough to burne their Books then : May there not be as much in your Books now ? I shall adde no more , onely leave it to God and your consciences ; and descend to give a word to your disciples . I cannot but from my soul pitty you , to see your youth and ingenuity so dangerously intangled . Astrological Predictions are fine cobwebs to catch young wits . Give eare to a plaine word . It s possible you may meet with something that is and may be called Art : But is there nothing else ? is there not something far worse ? No evil was ever so audacious at first , as to appeare unmasked , and in its own colours ; the worst of things sometimes put on the best of names and pretences . I should be too impudent in writing against what is Art , and so Gods wisdome in the creature ; and you would be too negligent and grosse , if you espouse mens phantasies and wickednesse for Art , for Gods wisdome in the creature . All men desire to know , and those that know something , desire to know more : Scienti● non habet inimicum nisi ignorantem . I blame not your desire of knowledge , but wish you to goe on in it , and that your desires may end in attainment : but take heed what , and how you know . All knowledge of excellent objects innobles the minde , Excellens objectum intellectum perficit . I beseech you weigh , whether such principles as you are taught and have sucked in , will make your minde one jot better , and not rather much worse . I know they insinuate not barely by pretending to augment your knowledge , but knowledge in relation to your practice ; of something to be done by you , and that hereafter ; nay of what God will doe by you , and to you ; and these considerations are taking and snaring . To pretend ▪ to advance knowledge onely , without practice would be vaine speculation : to know onely what concerns other men , would seeme a busibodinesse ; to tell you what is past is but to recall what you had some knowledge of before ; but to tell you what is to come , and to come from God , this takes much with you . But ( deare hearts ) be not deceived : How came the spirit of God to them , that they can reveale so much to you ? They goe , but God sent them not ; and they declare , but what ? the visions of their own heart . I am not ignorant that there is somewhat of singularity by which they ingraciate themselves ; men affect to be and doe something more then others : to be as all men are , to know as all men know , is but a common being and knowledge ; but to be of higher straines and extract , to be of more accomplisht perfection is that which men strive for , and they pretend to bring you unto . Bona verba : These are good words indeed ; but looke well to it , lest while you aime to be higher then other men , you fall not beneath the lowest Christians ; and while you strive to know what you should not , you grow ignorant of what you should . The knowledge of God and a mans selfe , are the greatest Sciences , and they make faire to instruct you in both , but lead you aright in neither . The Word , the Gospel , the Word of truth , will give you the knowledge of God and your selves , which they and the Stars can never do . T is true , they maintaine their way in a kinde of majesty with great , sounding , strange words : As the Luminary of the time , the Sun angular posited in this or that house ; the Moon in this or that Sextile , to Mercury Lord of his ascendant , and such like termes . But how weake is it to be carried away with words , and sad to be worded into wickednesse ? Above all , give me leave to warne you of casting your own Nativities , or the Nativities of others , or suffering others to cast them for you : And here take notice of these sixe things . First , 1. They must know the moment in which you were borne ; and who can readily tell them that ? I am sure you your selves cannot remember it ; and truely I think your mother and the good women then present were so busie about you and her , that they did not tell the clocke : but suppose some heard it stricke ; it may be the clocke was wrong set , might goe an hour too fast , or too slow . How will , or can you know the direct time ? and the heavens change in a moment , what worke can you make of it ? 2. They make an Image of the Heaven in a Table and the houses for the Stars : but what if these houses and tables are creatures of their own braine , and never of Gods making ? what sorry creatures will they prove , and the workings upon them as sorry as they ? The twelve Houses are made of the feigned Signes of a supposed Zodiacke . Now what worke can you make of things feigned and supposed ? May we not conclude safely that what is wrought upon such suppositions is little better then something feigned or supposed ? 3. They undertake to shew you what houses the Stars were in when you were borne ; as what house Jupiter , Sol , and Venus , were in , which they account the best Planets ; Saturne , and Mars , the worst ; Mercury and Luna , varying according to the places they reside in , and such like stuffe . That there be places and motions of the Stars I question not : but as for these Houses and the Stars being at such a moment in this house , or at another moment in that house ; I doe more then suppose , He shall not be damned that believes no such matter . 4. They pretend to tell you who reigned when you entered into the world . It is more then ever they can prove , that there is such a Monarchical virtue and order in the Stars ; that is , that this , or that particular Star hath its virtue and influence apart from other Stars ; that it rules and hath power which the other Stars have not , and puts forth this power in a way of rule , without them , and distinct from them . And it would be as hard to give a reason why the constellation at the time of the birth must be calculated and not as well the constellation at the time of the conception , or while it was an Embrio . I confesse I am altogether in the darke , and I thinke you have not much light with you , so much as to shew me why you should not calculate Conceptions as well as Nativities , or the state of a childe in the wombe , as well as the birth of it . 5. They pretend to tell you in what degree , and with what aspect the other Planets did temper or inflame . You must blame my ignorance if I apprehend it very hard to understand the particular influence of the Stars , much more the degrees of that influence . I know not how to understand one Star regent and another subservient : my faith tells me they worke together and at once , in common , according to that nature and motion that God hath given to them . 6. But to pretend to read from them , from the Heavens , Houses , Planets , Aspects , Influences , and the like , what is decreed concerning you , as that the Stars incline a man to atcheive great preferment , declare a fit capacity to this or that thing , promise a smatterring of it ; discover whether a man shall attaine the thing desired , or the like . This I say is to me unlikely and ungodly : which that it may appeare to you , weigh the arguments before alledged . What although they tell you of good things ? I beseech you abuse not your faith to believe them ; It will be your happinesse if God bestow ▪ such and such good things on you ; but you shall never come the more to enjoy them ; because of the Stars or their Predictions ; and you doe but abuse them and abuse your selves , and your blessings to take them up from their hand . Suppose they tell you of something crosse and darkely spoken ; let not that affright you : let me speak to you as our Saviour to his disciples , Joh. 14. 1. You believe in God , believe also in Christ : Men or their messages you are not obliged to believe ; nor will it ever be charged on you as a sin of infidelity , to give no assent to these their Astrological Predictions . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A81992-e210 Natura hominis Novitatis avida . Notes for div A81992-e1500 Pos . 1. Pos . 2. Pos . 3. Pos . 4. Pos . 5. Pos . 6. Pos . 7. Pos . 8. Pos . 9. Pos . 10. Pos . 11. Pos . 12. Notes for div A81992-e6390 Psal . 111. 2. v. 3. v. 4. The occasion . v. 5. v. 6. v. 7. & 8. Heb. 11. 1. Heb. 11. 27 The scope . Mic. 6. 9. Mat. 4. 8. Jam. 5. 16. Rev. 3. 14. Isa . 1. 3. 2 Sam. 23. 15 , 16. Dan. 9. 2. Notes for div A81992-e7250 Prop. 1. Prophesies 〈…〉 ed , in way of a promise . Isa . 9. 6. Mat. 1. 22. Isa . 9. 2. Prop ▪ 2. N. T. Promises are set out it O. T. language . Rev. 11. 1. Rev. 21. 3. Rev. 14. 8. Heb. 4. 2. Prop. 3. Pro ▪ and Proph. to betaken in the largest senser . Gen. 32. 9 , 13. Psal . 119. 96. Prop. 4. They have divers degrees of fulfilling . Hos . 11. 1. Mat. 2. 15. Jer. 31. 15. Mat. 2. 17. Isa . 53. 4. Mat. 8. 17. Psal . 78. 2. Math. 13. 35. Zach. 11. 12. Math. 27. 9 Psal . 22. 18. Joh. 19. 23. Isa . 61. 1. Luke 4. 21 Psal . 41. 9. Joh. 13. 14. Isa . 53. 1. Joh. 12. 38. Master Tempest Wood. Mat. 2. 17. Acts 2. 16. Prop. 5. Under one expression they comprehend a whole series . Rom. 9. 7. Rev. 16. 1. Prop. 6. They correspond with former glorious workings . Hag. 2. 5. Rev. 11. 6. Mic. 7. 15. Prop. 7. Inflicting of judgements subordinate to Promises . Isa . 10. 12. Prop. 8. Christ coming is the time of fulfilling pro. & proph . Notes for div A81992-e9760 The 〈◊〉 eight Proposals give light to Hag. 2. 6. 7. Exod. 19. 18. The coherence . Saith what ? 1. To speak . Gen. 20. 5. 2. To prophesie . Gen. 41. 54. Said aforehand . 3. To meditate . ● Sam 21. 16. 4. To command . Jonah 2. 11. 5. To promise . Obser . 1. Obser . 2. Shaking what ? Obs . 1. Obs . 2. Obs . 3. Obs . 4. Obs . 5. Terra pedibus annima●●●m teritur . Obser . 1. Obser . 2. Obser . 3. Notes for div A81992-e13090 Doctr. The Lord in changes dispenseth himselfe by the way of a promise . Gen. 9. 13. Gen. 17. 4. Reas . 1. This holds out God as a Father . Reas 2. Exalts the honour of Christ the Son. Reas . 3. Honour God in the person of he spirit . Joel 2. 28. Reas . 4. Makes for the advantage of Gods people . 2 Cor. 7. 1. Reas . 5. confounds the men of the world . Reas . 6. greatens our estate . Use 1. of Instruction . Great turnes have great wants . That God then withers the arme of flesh . Psal . 76. 5. Gods wayes are in the deep . Use 2. To search the promises . Dan. 2. 28. Moti . 1. This renders you children of wisdome . Mot. 2. Preserves against sin . Mot. 3. Advanceth your faith , and love . Mot. 4. Conquers difficulties . Mot. 5. Makes us watchful and dutiful . Mot. 6. Promotes the praise of God. Notes for div A81992-e15260 Doct. Christ workes alterations in the natural bodies of heaven & earth . Christ gives a being to all creatures . Maintains what he hath given They are at his beck . They sometime step aside from their ordinary course . Chirst guides those steppings . These turnes have the nature of signes . Signes . Rememorative . Demonstrative . Prognostical . Practical . Reas . 1. Christ begins to take his power . Reas . 2. Speakes to all the world . Reas . 3. Creatures are not in that estate he intends . Rom. 8. 22. The creatures groaning opened . Gen. 1. 26. Reas . 4. Christ draws out spiritual actings . Use 1. See Christs excellency . It s vain to oppose Christ . It s easie to believe promises of this life shall be performed . Use 2. of Exhortation . 1. Consider Christ in all the creatures . Fear before Christ . Expect great things . Rom. 4. Praise Christ . Notes for div A81992-e17230 Angels called Heavens . Job . 15. 15. How Angels are changed . Heaven shaken when Christ takes our nature . At Christs birth . At Gospel preaching . 1 Pet. 1. 12. Angels changed when God reveals new things to them . Omnis locutio Dei ad angelos est illumi●atio . When they have new imployment . Doct. Angels minister in these Turnes . For 1. Christ is head of Angels . Math. 26. 43. Dan. 7. 10. Angels are to serve Christ in ● members . Heb. 1. 14. Psal . 91. 11. In destruction of enemies . Angels are to have honour of their service . Angels are in the vision and so in the execution . Angels have kingdome ▪ worke . They shall be co●joyn'd with Saints hereafter ; and so Now. Christ being upon his greatest worke useth his best servants . Christ must have his Angels , as well as Satan hath his . Object . Sol. 1. Use of Instruction . Use 1. Christ is far above Angels . Heb. 1. opened . V. 4. V. 6. V. 4. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . V. 2. V. 6. V. 2. V. 3. V. 8. 7. and 10. V. 8. V. 13. Use of Exhortation . 1. To behold these works . 2 Not to be discouraged . 3. Rise in love . 4. Come forth to be fellow ▪ servants with these Angels . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Notes for div A81992-e20740 Heaven meanes h●gh things . Rev. 12. 7 , 8. Isa . 61. 15 , 16. Isa . 65. 17 , 18. Isa . 34. 4. Doctr. Christ shakes Kings and Princes . Reas . 1. Kings make great turnes . Isa . 14 ▪ 12. 13. Reas . 2. They seeme exempt from mans power . Reas . 3. Dealing with them , is a way to deale with Nations . Reas . 4. Kings seeme to be Christs match . Use 1. 1. There is a meanesse in their majesty . 2. Management of particular places must be reckoned for . 3. Christ will surely account with meaner men . 4. We may appeale to Christ . 5. Judgements on Kings have characters of Christ on them . Rev. 6. 2 , 3 , 4 , 5. V. 2. V. 3. & 4. V. 5. & 6. V. 7. & 8. V. 9. V. 12. Rev. 8. 2. Rev. 16. 1. Use 1. of Exhortation . To meditate on Christ and his shaking . 2. Give Christ the honour due to him . Notes for div A81992-e23120 Pos . 1. All power is given to Christ . 1. All power is in Christ . 2. His due upon the taking of our nature . 3. All power is rightly said to be given Christ . 4. Christ hath had little glory of all his power . 5. Christ will exalt himselfe , so as Kings shal confesse his power . Dan. 4. 37. Use of Instruction . See Gods love to Christ . 2. The Father is fully satisfied that all is in him . 3. The pleasure of the Lord shall prosper . Use 2. Exhort . 1. To invite to love Christ . 2. To be at his disposal . 3. Let wicked ones tremble . 4. Let the Earth be glad . Psal . 97. 1. Notes for div A81992-e24590 Pos . 2. Kings reigne by Christ . Prov. 8 : 16. For 1. They are , or are not , by him . 2. Christ blesseth or blasteth in goverment . 3. Kings cannot put forth their power without him . 4. Continuation and succession is from him . Bad Kings as well as good , reigne by Christ . Good men may be bad Kings . 2. The badnesse of Kings is not from Christ . 3. Yet he suffers them to be . 4. Christ is righteous in thus suffering them . Hos . 13. 11. 5. Christ ●s gracious , as well as righteous . 6. Christ reigns more in those who are good , then in those who are bad . Use 1. For Instruction . Christ stamps a majesty on them . 2. To rise against them , is to rise against Christ . Rom. 13. 2. 3. Ascribe the good of government . to Christ . 4 A ground of patience under bad Rulers . 5. Christ is more glorious then all Kings . Use 1. of Exhortation . Psal . 2. 10. 1. To be wise . 2. To be instructed . 3. To feare . 4. To serve . 1 Pet. 2. 14. Prov. 20. 26. 5. To rejoyce with trembling . 6. To kisse the Son. Notes for div A81992-e27230 Pos . 3. Government is for the Worlds good . 1 Pet. 2. 13. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 1. It keeps the world in order . Persons so kept , enjoy propriety . 3. Government promotes increase . 4. Protects our peace . 1 Tim. 2. 2. 5. When God fits some , and makes others consenting . 6. This is for the good of all ranks of men . 7. In their whole lives . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 1 Tim. 2. 2. 8. Honour due to governours . Use 1. for Instruct . 1. God is a faithful Creator . 2. Governours need w●ldome , and publick spirits . Use 2. Exhort . 1 To esteeme them highly . 2. Make honourable mention of them . Gen. 42. 10. 3. To speak to God for them . 1 Tim. 2. 1 , 2. 4. To submit to every ordinance of man. 5. To serve in person & purse . Notes for div A81992-e28840 Pos . 4. Government is apt to change . 1. Governours change . 2. Forms of government change . 3. People change . 4. Laws change . 5. Leagues and Trade change . 6. Christ changes them by his judgements on them . Use of Instruction . 1. Surely , lesse bodies will change . 2. See the creatures vanity . Psal . 118. 8 , 9. Use 2. of Exhort . 1. To governours to look after true wisdome and righteousnesse . 2. To be little in their own eyes . 3. To have our Treasures in Heaven . 4. Cast off quarrelling passions at these Turns . 5. Contend that the change may be for the better . Notes for div A81992-e29850 Pos . 5. Kings abuse their Power . Gen. 10 10. 1. They serve themselvs more then others . 2. They turn their power to the hurt of others . 3. The Powers were against Christ in his person . 4. They have been enemies to Christ his people . 5. They give up their power to the beast . Use of Instruction . 1. See the ground of the turns upon Kingdomes . 2. Kings little deserve the name of Holy. 3. Judge no cause by great followers . Joh. 7 48 , 49. 4. Learne the true value of earthly Powers . 5. Let those that rule be circumspect . Notes for div A81992-e30880 Pos . 6. Sins of Princes break their Power . As 1. A lazy spirit . 2. Not accounting with their Ministers . 3. When will is Law , Greg. in Moral . 4. Not executing good Laws . 5. Injustice . 6. Sinful conformity to neighbour Nations . 7. Undue interposal in the things of God. 8. Persecution of the good and quiet . Use 1. of Instruct . See the cause of our turns . Use 2. of Admonition . 1. Watch the heart in lawful things . 2 Tim. 3. 4. 2. Beware of self-love . 3. Exalt not your selves unduely . 4. Anger misbecomes you . 5. Forget not others kindnesse to you . 2 Chron. 24. 22. 6. Look that followers prove not flatterers . Notes for div A81992-e32480 Pos . 7. Wicked Prince , wicked people . Reas . 1. Wickednesse in Princes comes in another dresse . Reas . 2. Good La● are not ex●cuted . Reas . 3. Wickedness is established as by a Law. Psal . 94. 20. Reas . 4. Because of National Priests . Reas . 5. People are led by example . Vse 1. Rulers have much to answer for . 2. Examples move much . 3. Wi●kednesse is in ●ur 〈◊〉 . 4. It s just that we suffer from Princes . Notes for div A81992-e33180 Pos . 8. Abuses in Princes & people , adapt to Civil War. 1. It doth so with good men . 2. It s so in bad men . 1. Pride in Princes produceth pride in people . 2. Pride brings in Luxury . 3. Luxury begets poverty . 4. Poverty discontent . 5. Discontented people meditate on their pressures . 6. Then payments for publick use , are cryed down . 7. People grow weary of their Trades . 8. They feele much ; but feare more . 9. There be mauy Incendiaries . 10. These Incendiarys have many followers . Vse 1. To Princes . 2. To people . Vse 3. To all to admire God in his goodnesse . Notes for div A81992-e34330 Pos . 9. Civil wars cause ruinous Turnes . 1. Government is then destroyed . 2. Laws are then silent . 3. Religion is slaine . 4. Learning and Trading fall . 5. It makes a rich people poor . 6. No safety to any . 7. Plantations are nipt in the bud . 8. Victories of civil wars , are much to be lamented . Vse 1. Admire Gods goodnesse . 2. Consider how much we are engaged to those now in power . 3. Look on some inconveneinces as eligible . 4. Promote not civil war. Notes for div A81992-e35650 Pos . 10. Neighbours fall from or upon us . 1. God hath bounded Nations . Acts17 . 26. 2. Confederacy is needful for a Nation . 3. It s of great concernment what , and with whom confederacy is made . 4. Islands have more liberty in choice of their confederacy . ● We may 〈◊〉 with 〈…〉 . . 7. Our 〈…〉 adve●sari●● . 8. 〈…〉 ●e 〈…〉 9. This disjunction tempts your confederates to shake you off . 10. It opportunes them to become y●ur enemies . Vse 1. See how little hope or help in men . 2. See the wickednesse incident to Nations . 3. An argument against Civil war. 4. It s a curious worke to manage publick affairs . 5. Admir● God in his providences . Notes for div A81992-e37520 Pos . 11. Vnjust dealings cause forreigne wars . 1. The pride and lust of ruling men , cause unjust dealings . 2. Men desire to be great alone . 3. Great Leaders obtain many followers . 4. Our distraction is their season . 5. An oppressed people are very sensible . 6. They resolve to retaliate . Vse 1. See the spreading nature of sin . 2. A Nation is liable to trouble u●on tr●●b 3. War is an appeale to God. 4. See here Gods goodnesse . Notes for div A81992-e38500 Pos . 12. Christ deals in severity with Kings . Isa . 20 23. Reas . 1. They break covenant with their people . Reas . 2. Christ appears no respecter of persons . Reas . 3. Christ his wisdome exceeds their king-craft . 〈…〉 . Reas . 4. Christ is to overcome Satan in his own Territories . Vse 1. See the sinfulnesse of Kings , in Christ his dealing with them . Vid. Chap. 10. & 11. 2. See his impartial holinesse . 3. Learne to what to refer our present providences . Notes for div A81992-e39730 How the Positions formerly handled conclude about our present Turnes and Changes . Notes for div A81992-e40230 1. Jesus Christ is King of Saints . 2. He is so upon his sufferings . 3. He puts forth his power as King of the World , for his people to whom he is King of Saints . Rev. 12. 16. Isa . 43. 14. 4. Christ shall have more glory in this World. 5. All Governments have their bitternesse , that Christs Government may be rendred desirable . 6. Christ poureth on his people a spirit of prayer . Psal . 76. 3. 7. Christ shall have , a willing people . 8. Some Kings shall be among this willing people . 9. Christ shall mightily stir up his people to be active . 10. Righteousnesse shall be exalted in Kingdoms . 11. Saints shall have Conquests over their enemies . 12. These things shall be by degrees . Notes for div A81992-e43430 1. Vse of Instruction . 1. Christs Title . 1. By Election . 2. By Donation . Psal . 2. 8. 3. By Birth . 4. By Purchase . 5. By Conquest . 2. Christs qualifications greatest ▪ Col. 2. 9. Col. 2. 3. Psal . 45. 7. 3. Christs administrations highest . Joel 2. 20 , 21. 4. Christ his communications are largest . Properties of Christ's Kingdome . 1. It is spiritual . 2. It s Vniversal . 3. It s Eternal . 4. Brings in perfect peace . 3. The excellency of Saints . 1. They shall be more Saints . 2. Saints shall live safely . 3. Their enemies shall be ruined . 2. Vse of Exhortation . 1. To know him . 2. To feare him . 3. Trust in him . 4. Embrace him with love . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 5. We must be like him . 6. We must glorifie him . Psal . 45. 1. V. 3. 4. 7. Christ must be obeyed in his Laws . 1. Peace is to be sought . 2. Stand to your Covenants . 3. You must be thankful . 4. We must serve one another . 5. We must be merciful and forgive . 6. Reproach not one another . Which is when men ▪ 1. accuse fasly . 2. Disclose causlesly . 3. Aggravating unduely . 4. Blaming the intention . We repreach about good . 1. When we deny it . 2. Hiding the grace of others . 3. When we lessen them . 4. By coldly commending . 7. Law against pride 8. Law to be just . 9. Deale well with the means of your peace . 10. Enemies must be opposed . Joh. 3. 5. 1 Pet. 1. 3. 2 Cor. 5. 17. 2 Pet. 1. 4. Eph. 2. 10. Col. 1. 9. Eph. 1. 17. V. 18. Rom. 12. 2. Eph. 3. 19. Eph. 6. 24. Math. 5. 6. Acts 9. 31. Acts 16. 31. Rom. 4. 18 , 20. Phil. 4. 4. Eph. 4. 29. Eph. 4. 4. Col. 4. 6. Jam. 3. 2. 1. 26 , 27. Jam. 1. 22. Mat. 16. 24. Tit. 2. 14. 2 Cor. 7. 1. Phil. 2. 12. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Joh. 5. 35. Phil. 2. 15. Math. 5. 16. Joh. 15. 8. 1 Cor. 15. 58. Phil. 1. 11. 2 Pet. 1. 5 , 6 , 7. Rom. 6. 17. 1 Cor. 10. 31. Col. 3. 17. Col. 3. 22. 23. Levit. 10. 3. Joh. 4. 24. Eph. 6. 18. Eph. 3. 12. Eph. 6. 18. 1. Pet. 2. 1. 2. Act. 17. 11. Luke 8. 15. Heb. 2. 1. Heb. 13. 16. Phil. 1. 29. Jam. 1. 4. Rom. 5. 3. Math. 5. 11. 12. Col. 1. 11. 1 Pet. 4. 16. Notes for div A81992-e54070 1. Stars have a ruling excellency . 2. Stars worke alteration in the Aire . 3. Stars affect diversly the compound bodies . 4. Stars are for Times and Seasons . 5. There may be som e present predictions . 1. Stars have no power over the Reason or Will. 2. Men can not from Stars make Predictions about contingent Arg. 1. It s derogatory to Gods providence . Things contingent what Agr. 2. From Gods word . Arg. 3. from the nature of the Stars . Argu. 4. From the Nature of Art. Argu. 5. From that part of Astrology that concerns weather . Arg. 6. from the excellent frame of Man. Argu. 7. From the nature of Contingent things . Obj. What they foretel comes to passe . Sol. 1. They have not so many experiences . 2. They come not from any causing virtue in the Stars . 3. They may have their doubtful termes applied to some events . 5. It may come to passe in vengeance . Vse 1. To professors of the Mathematicks . Vse to those who are learners of Astrology . Against figure-casting . 1. It s hard to know the momeut of Birth . 2. They make an Image of heaven in a table , & houses for the Stars . 3. They pretend to shew in what houses the Stars are . 4. To tell you who reigned when you were born . 5. What aspect the other planets have . 6. Hence pretend to strange Predictions .