Emmanuel, or, God-man a treatise wherein the doctrine of the first Nicene and Chalcedon councels, concerning the two natures in Christ, is asserted against the lately vented Socinian doctrine / by John Tombes ... Tombes, John, 1603?-1676. 1669 Approx. 294 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 119 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2005-10 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A62866 Wing T1803 ESTC R5748 12527345 ocm 12527345 62675 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A62866) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 62675) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 949:13) Emmanuel, or, God-man a treatise wherein the doctrine of the first Nicene and Chalcedon councels, concerning the two natures in Christ, is asserted against the lately vented Socinian doctrine / by John Tombes ... Tombes, John, 1603?-1676. [8], 227, [1] p. Printed for F. Smith ..., London : 1669. Reproduction of original in Union Theological Seminary Library, New York. Table of contents: p. [5]-[7] Errata: p. [1] at end. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. 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Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Jesus Christ -- Divinity. Nicene Creed. Socinianism -- Controversial literature. 2004-11 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2004-12 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2005-01 Andrew Kuster Sampled and proofread 2005-01 Andrew Kuster Text and markup reviewed and edited 2005-04 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion EMMANUEL ; OR , God-Man . A Treatise wherein the Doctrine of the first Nicene and Chalcedon Councels , concerning the two Natures in Christ , is asserted against the lately vented Socinian Doctrine . By John Tombes , B. D. Isa. 9. 6. For unto us a Child is born , unto us a Son is given , and the Government shall be upon his shoulder : And his Name shall be called Wonderful , Counsellour , the Mighty God , the Everlasting Father , the Prince of Peace . London , Printed for F. Smith at the Sign of the Elephant and Castle without Temple-Bar . 1669. Imprimatur , Ex Aed . Lambethanis Martii 8. 1668. Tho. Tomkyns R. R in Christo Patri ac Domino Domino Gilber ▪ to Archi-Ep . Cant. a Sacris domesticis . TO THE READER . WHereas this Treatise begins with mention of Christs words , Mat. ●6 . 10 , 33. which carry a shew of impertinency , I think it fit to advertise thee that indeed this is but a s●red of a Treatise concerning the Kingdom of God , and licensed under the Title of Theocracy , and because of a writing against the Divine Nature of Christ not long afore vented ( which I was not aware of when I composed it ) I yielded to the motion of publishing this by it self , it being suggested to me , that so Printed it would be useful and seasonable , which having told th●e of , I crave thy Prayers for him who is Thine in the Service of our Lord Christ. JOHN TOMBES . THE CONTENTS . Sect. 1. THe God whose Kingdom is to be sought is the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ. Sect. 2. Jesus Christ is the Son of God in the sense professed in the Nicene Creed . Sect. 3. Christs being God in the sense of the Nicene Creed , is proved from John 1. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 9. 10 , 14 , 15 , 18. Sect. 4. The Exceptions against the proof of Christs God-head , from John 1. 1 , &c. are set down . Sect. 5. The sense of John 1. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 9 , 10 , 14 , 15 , 18. given by the Adversaries , is reselled . Sect. 6. The reasons of the Adversaries Exposition of John 1. 1 , &c. are shewed to be insufficient . Sect. 7. Christs Generation before the world was is proved , from John 8. 58. Sect. 8. Christs being before the world was , is proved from John 17. 5. Sect. 9. Col. 1. 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17. is urged to prove the God-head of Christ. Sect. 10. The proof of Christs God-head , from Col. 1. 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17. is vindicated from Exceptions . Sect. 11. Heb. 1. 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13. are urged to prove the assertion of Christs God-head . Sect. 12. The Argument from Heb. 1. 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13. is vindicated from Exceptions . Sect. 13. Heb. 7. 3. is urged to prove the Eternal Son-ship of Christ. Sect. 14. Christs Kingdom is the Kingdom of the Son of Man , so termed according to his excellency above all men . Sect. 15. Christs Consubstantiality with the Father , according to his Deity , with us , according to his Humanity , as the Chalcedon Councel determined , is asserted and proved from John 1. 14. Acts 2. 30. Rom. 1. 3 , 4. and 9. 5. Sect. 16. The Exception against the Argument , from Acts 2. 30. Rom. 1. 3 , 4. Rom. 9. 5. is set down . Sect. 17 This Exception against the Argument is refuted . Sect. 18. The consubstantiality of Christ with the Father and us , is proved from 1 Tim. 3. 16. Sect. 19. The Exceptions against this proof . Sect. 20. These Exceptions are refelled . Sect. 21. The same consubstantiality of Christ is confirmed , from 1 Pet. 3. 18 , 19 , 20. Gal. 4. 4. Rom. 8. 3. 1 John 4. 2. Heb. 2. 14. and 10. 5. John 16. 28. Sect. 22. Christs consubstantiality with the Father and us , is proved from Philip. 2. 5 , 6 , 7 , 8. Sect. 23. The Exception against this Argument is recited . Sect. 24. The Text is explained in order to the refelling of the Exception . Sect. 25. Some Objections against the proof , from Philip. 2. 5 , 6 , 7 , 8. are answered , particularly Objections against expounding the form of God , Philip. 2. 6. Of the state of Empire . SECT . I. The God whose Kingdom is to be sought is the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ. BEing taught by Christ to pray , Mat. 6. 10. Thy Kingdom come , and ver . 33. to seek first the Kingdom of God ; it is necessary we know what is meant by the terms [ God the Father , the Son. ] For explaining whereof we are to consider that the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 translated God answering to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ( as I shew in my Oath-book lect . 1. sect . 5. ) in its common notion , notes any Numen , divine power , which is worshipped , whether real or nominal : Agreably to which St. Paul tells us , 1 Cor. 8. 4 , 5 , 6. As concerning therefore the eating of th●se things that are offered to Idols , we know that an Idol ( though worshipped as God by deluded Gentiles ) is nothing in the world ( hath no power to do good or hurt ) and that there is none other God but ons : For though there be that are called Gods , whether in Heaven or upon earth ( as there be Gods many and Lords many ) but to us there is but one God the Father , of whom are all things , and we in or for him , and one Lord Jesus Christ , by whom are all things , and we by him : where it is observable that the term [ one God ] is attributed to the Father , to wit of Christ , who as he is stiled Ephes. 1. 2. our Father , so v. 3. the God , and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ ; who is therefore frequently termed in the writings of the Evangelists , especially St. John by our Lord Christ the Father and his Father , and distinction is made between one God and one Lord , as in this place , so also 1 Cor. 12. 5 , 6. Ephes. 4. 5 , 6. ( it is 1 Tim. 2. 5. one God , and one Mediatour between God and men ) and accordingly the Apostolical salutations , benedictions , prayers , and valedictions run thus , Rom. 1. 7. 1 Cor. 1. 3. 2 Cor. 1. 2. Ephes. 1. 2. Philip. 1. 2. Col. 1. 3. 1 Thes. 1. 1. 2. Thes. 1. 2. Grace to you , and peace from God our Father , and the Lord Jesus Christ with addition of mercy , 1 Tim. 1. 2. 2 Tim. 1. 2. Tit. 1. 4. From God the Father . 2 Cor. 1. 3. Blessed be God even the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ. 2 Cor. 13. 14. The Grace of our Lord Jesus Christ , and the love of God , Ephes. 1. 3. Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ. Ephes. 3. 14. For this cause I bow my knees unto the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ. Col. 1. 3. We give thanks to God and the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ , praying alwaies for you . 1 Thes. 1. 2 , 3. We give thanks to God alwaies for you all making mention of you in our prayers , remembring without ceasing your work of faith ; and labour of love , and patience of hope , in our Lord Jesus Christ , in the sight of God and our Father . James 1. 1. James a servant of God , and of the Lord Jesus Christ. 2 Pet. 1. 2. Grace and peace be multiplied unto you , through the knowledge of God , and of Jesus our Lord. 2 John 3. Grace be with you , mercy and peace from God the Father , and from the Lord Jesus Christ the Son of the Father in truth and love . And accordingly where the word [ God ] or [ Father ] is put simply it is distinctly applyed to the Father of our Lord Christ , Rom. 1. 1 , 3 , 4 , 8 , 9 , and 3. 25 , 26. and 5. 1 , 2. 8. 10 , 11 , 15. and 6 , 4 , 11 , 23. and 7. 4. 25. and 8. 3. 17. 33 , 34 , 39. and 10. 9. and 14. 17 , 18. and 15. 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9. 16. 17 , 19 , 30. and 16. 20. 26 , 27 , 1 Cor. 1. 1 , 2 , 9. 24 , 30. and 3. 23. with many more both in the Epistles and other writings of the New Testament in which God is distinguished from the Lord Christ , and is therefore meant of the person of the Father , concerning whom the Apostle doth expresly say , 1 Cor. 11. 3. I would have you know , that the head of every man is Christ , and the head of the woman is the man , and the head of Christ is God. In like manner Arch-Bishop Usher in his Diatriba about the ancient Apostolical Creed of the Roman Church , and other forms of faith wont to be propounded in Catechism and Baptism both by the western and eastern Christians tells us , pag. 13. out of Rufinus , that almost all the eastern Churches do thus deliver their faith : I believe in one God the Father Almighty , and in the following speech , whereas we say , and in Jesus Christ his only Son our Lord , they deliver it thus , and in one Lord our Lord Jesus Christ his only Son , which he shews in the shorter and larger Cre●ds Hierosolymitan , Alexandrian , that of Eusebius Caesariensis recited at the first Nicene Councel , and with some addition assented to as their Creed Dr. Pearson Exposition of the 8th . Article , we have already shewn that the Father is originally that one God , which is deried by none . Hereby we may understand who is meant by [ the Father ] to wit , the Father of Christ , and therefore the Kingdom is termed by Christ the Kingdom of his Father , Matth. 26. 29. because it is appointed or delivered to Christ by the Father , Luke 22. 29. Matth. 11. 27. and 28. 18. John 3. 35. and 5. 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 26 , 27. and 13. 3. Act● 2. 33. 36. 2 Pet. 1. 17. and in all his administrations Christ expresseth his aim not to be his own , but his Fathers glory , John 8. 50. 54. and 14. 13. Sometimes it is termed the Kingdom of their Father , Mat. 13. 43. because God appoints it to the Saints , Luke 22. 29. and 12. 32. and therefore Christ saith , Mat. 20. 23. To sit on my right hand , and on my left is not mine to give , but it shall be given to them for whom it is prepared of my Father , Mat. 25. 34. Then shall the King say to them on his right hand , come ye blessed of my father , inherit the Kingdom prepared for you , from the foundation of the world . Acts 1. 7. It is not for you to know the times or the seasons which the Father hath put in his own power : For which reason it is said . 1 Cor. 8. 6. Of him are all things , and believers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for or to him , in the sense in which it is said , Rom. 11. 36. For of him , and through him , and to him are all things ; to him be glory for ever , Amen : And concerning Christ it is aid , Phil. 2. 8 , 9 , 10 , 11. Because he humbled himself and became obedient unto death , even the death of the Cross , therefore God also hath highly exalted him , and given him a name , which is above every name , that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow , of things in Heaven and things in Earth , and things under the Earth , and that every tongue should confess that Jesus is the Lord , ( that is ) God's King , King of Kings , and Lord of Lords , at his appearance and in his Kingdom , and this shall be ) to the glory of God the Pather : And more fully St. Paul expresseth it , 1 Cor. 15. 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28. Then cometh the end when he shall have delivered up the Kingdom to God even the Father , when he shall have put down all rule and all authority and power : For he must reign till he hath put all enemies under his feet : The last enemy that shall be destroyed is death : For he hath put all things under his feet ; but when he saith , All things are put under him , it is manifest that he is , excepted which did put all things under him , that God may be all in all ; Whence you may observe that the term [ God ] is distinctly put for the person of the Father , in contradistinction to the Son , and that it is the Father who appoints the Kingdom to the Son , that he puts his enemies under his feet , that the Son shall deliver up the Kingdom to the Father , that the issue or end is , that God to wit the Father , may be all in all , that is , in all the management of this Kingdom from the begining to the end the Father may be glorified by the Son , and by all others to whom the Kingdom is given . SECT . 2. Jesus Christ is the Son of God in the sense professed in the Nicene Creed . THis leads us to enquire concerning the terms [ Son of God , of Man , Christ , the Lord Jesus Christ ] which are the titles by which he is expressed , whose the Kingdom is said to be , and therefore we cannot rightly conceive of this Kingdom without understanding these terms : That the title the Son of the living God , given to Jesus Christ the Son of Man is a fundamental Article of the Christian Faith , is manifest from Christs approbation of Peters answer to Christs question to his Disciples Matth. 16. 13. Whom do men say that I the Son of man am ? To which St. Peter answered , verse 16. Thou art the Christ the Son of the living God , whereto it is said Jesus answered and said unto him , Blessed art thou Simon Bar-Jona , for flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee , but my Father which is in Heaven : And again , when Jesus said to the twelve , Will ye also go away ? Simon Peter answered him , Lord , to whom shall we go ? thou hast the words of eternal life , and we believe and are sure that thou art that Christ the Son of the living God , John 6. 68 , 69. And when the Eunuch said to Philip , Acts 8. 36. See here is water , what doth hinder me to be Baptized ? Philip said , If thou believest with all thine heart thou maist , and he answered and said , I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God , verse 37. St. Paul Acts 9. 20. preached Christ in the Synagogues at Dimascus , that he is the Son of God. and John 1. 49. Nathanael said to Christ , Rabbi . thou art the Son of God , thou are the King of Israel . 1 John 2. 22. He is Antichrist that denieth the Father and the Son. verse 23. Whosoever denieth the Son , the same hath not the Father . 1 John 4. 15. Whosoever shall confess that Jesus is the Son of God , God dwelleth in him , and he in God. 1 John 5. 5. Who is he that overcometh the world but he that believeth that Jesus is the Son of God ? verse 11 , 12. And this is the record ▪ that God hath given to us eternal life , and this life is in his Son : He that hath the Son hath life , he that hath not the Son hath not life . Nevertheless there is great difference about this appellation [ the Son of God ] whether it import Divine Nature distinct from Humane , or Humane Nature , yet by Divine operation , not by the ordinary way of natural generation as other men are begotten , but by the supernatural operation of the Holy Ghost according to that of the Angel to Mary , Luke 1. 35. The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee , and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee ; Therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee , shall be called the Son of God. Whence the Samosatenians and Photinians of old , so the Socinians in this last age deny that Jesus Christ had Being afore his conception by the Holy Ghost in the Virgins womb , but the Arians granting him to have a Divine Nature , say , that he was created by God the first creature out of nothing , and then that by him God the Father made all things else : In opposition to whom the Creed of the first Nicene Councel , as it is in Eusebius his Epistle to the Church of Caesarea set down by Arch-Bishop Usher in his Diatriba de Symbolis pag. 16. out of At hanasius operum tom . 2. pag. 48. edit . Commelinian Socrates lib. 1. Hist. c. 5. Theodoret. lib. 1. c. 12. and Gelasius Cyricenus in Act. Concil . Nic. part 3. c. 35. is thus : We believe also in one Lord Jesus Christ born the only begotten of the Father , that is of the substance of the Father , God of God , light of light , very God of very God , begotten not made , of the same substance with the Father , by whom all things were made , both the things in heaven , and the things in the earth : In which there are these propositions included , 1. That Jesus Christ was before any creature was made . 2. That he was begotten of the substance of the Father , not made of nothing , as the Arians held . 3. That he was very God of very God , of the same substance with the Father . 4. That by him all things were made , whether in Heaven or in Earth , which propositions are proved by these Texts of Scripture . SECT . 3. Christ's being the Son of God in the sense of the Nicene cre●d is proved from John 1. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 9 , 10 , 14 , 18. THe first Text of Holy Scripture which I shall produce to prove them is , John 1. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 9 , 10 , 14 , 15 , 18. where it is thus said , In the begining was the Word , and the Word was with God , and the Word was God , the same was in the begining with God : All things were made by him , and without him was not made any thing that was made , in him was life and the life was the light of men : And the light shineth in darkness , and the darkness comprehended it not : verse 9. He was the true light which enlightneth every man that cometh into the world , vers . 10. He was in the world , and the world was made by him , and the world knew him not , verse 14. And the Word was made flesh , and dwelt among us , and we beheld his glory , the glory as of the only begotten of the Father , full of grace and truth . verse 15. John bare witness of him , and cried , saying , This is he of whom I spake , He that cometh after me is preferred before me , for he was before me . verse 18. No man hath seen God at any time ; the only begotten Son which is in the bosom of the Father , he hath declared him . It is agreed on , that by [ the word ] is meant Jesus Christ , as appears from verse 17 , 29. and other passages in the Text , and therefore thence I argue : He who was in the beginning of the Creation with God , was God , by whom all things were made , whose life was the light of men , the true light inlightning every man that cometh into the world , by whom the world was made , who was made flesh , was the only begotten of the Father , in the bosom of the Father , before John the Baptist was , before any creature was made , begotten of the substance of the Father , not made of nothing , very God of very God , of the same substance with the Father , by whom all things were made : But such was Jesus Christ , therefore he was , before any creature was made , begotten of the substance of the Father , not made of nothing very God of very God , of the same substance with the Father , by whom all things were made : The minor is almost the express words of the Text , the major is evident from the equivolence of terms , it being all one to be God in the beginning by whom all things were made , the world was made , the only begotten of the Father in his bosom before John Baptist as to be before any creature was made , begotten of the substance of the father , not made of nothing , very God of very God , of the same substance with the Father , by whom all things were made . SECT . 4. The exceptions against the proof of Christs God-head from John 1. 1. &c. are set down . NEvertheless the major proposition of the argument is denied , and for a reason of the denial it is said . 1. That the scope of the Apostle , is to set forth by whom the Gospel began , as appeareth by the very appellation of [ the Word ] here given to Christ in regard of his Prophetical office in publishing the Gospel . 2. That by [ in the beginning ] is not meant the creation of Heaven and earth at first , but of the preaching the Gospel and the new creation , as is meant Mark 1. 1. Luke 1. 2. John 6. 64. and 8. 25. and 15. 27. and 16. 4. Acts 11. 15. Heb. 2. 3. 1 John 1. 1. and 2. 13 , 14 , 24. 2 John 5. 6. which note a special term of beginning , which was the time of Christs preaching , in respect of which he is said to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 beginning , Luke 3. 23. to wit to preach the Gospel when he was about thirty years of age , not as it is translated , began to be about thirty years of age . 3. That he was with God in Heaven about that time , being taken up into the third Heaven , as Paul was , 2 Cor. 12. 2. and so was in the bosom of God , as is gathered from Iohn 3. 13 , 31 , 32. and Iohn 6. 62. 4. That he was a God as Moses is said to be Exod. 7. 1. because of the power he had to work miracles , and therefore Iohn 1. 1 , the Word is said to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 without the article 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and should be rendred [ a God ] not [ God or the God. ] 5. That by [ all things made by him ] is not meant the Heaven and Earth at the first creation , but the things or persons belonging to the new creation by Iesus Christ expressed in these places , 2 Cor. 5. 17 , 18 , 19. Ephes. 2. 10. Ephes. 3. 9. 6. That when it is said , the world was made by him ] the meaning is , the Church was reformed by him , or life eternal was revealed by him , called Heb. 2. 5. the world to come . 7. That his life was the light of men by his preaching : or that in him was life upon his Resurrection , and that this life was the light of men by saving them , and raising them up from the dead . 8. That it should not be read Iohn 1. 14. he was made flesh ; but the Word was flesh , that is , a man of humane weakness after he was a man , and so not meant of his humane nature at his incarnation , but his after condition in his life . 9. That as Isaack is termed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Heb. 11. 17. by reason of his being Abraham's Heir , and extraordinary birth , not because he was the only begotten of the substance of Abraham : So Iesus Christ is termed the only begotten of the Father , not from his peculiar generation of the substance of the Father before the Heaven and Earth were made , but so other peculiarities , 1. Because he was by peculiar operation of the Holy Ghost generated in the Virgins womb , which is the reason of this title of the Son of God given to Christ by the Angel himself , Luke 1. 35. 2. Because of his special sanctification and mission , which is the reason given by Christ himself , Iohn 10. 36. 3. Because of his resurrection from the dead , which is the reason given by St. Paul Acts 13. 33. and therefore termed the first begotten from , or of the dead , Col. 1. 18. Rev. 1. 5. 4. Because of his singular exaltation and office , which is agreeable to what is said , Psal. 89. 27. and whereby he is termed the first born among many brethren , Rom. 8. 29. and by reason of his calling to the office of chief-Priest-hood that is applied to him , Heb. 5. 5. which is written , Psal. 2. 7. Thou art my Son , this day have I begotten thee . 10. That he was before Iohn Baptist , not in him , but in power 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 mightier , or stronger than him , which is the word used concerning the same speech in the other three Evangelists , Matth. 3 , 11. Mark 1. 7. Luke 3. 16. SECT . 5. The sense of John 1. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 9 , 10 , 14 , 15 , 18. given by the Adversaries , is refelled . I Reply , 1. That Irenaeus lib. 3. Adv. Heresies , c. 11. and others near the Apostles time , say , that the scope of the Evangelist Iohn in writing this Gospel was to oppose the Heresies of the Gnosticks , Ebion , Cerinthus , Marcion , Valentinus , and such others , as whether from Platonick Philosophy , or other fancies , corrupted the doctrine of the God-head , made Christ a meer man , contrary to which St. Iohn asserts his divinity in the beginning , and thence got the name of the Divine , and his Gospel to be that part of Scripture which doth most plainly deliver Theology or speech of God , and thereby as also in relating many Acts and Sermons of Christ omitted by other Evangelists which makes a supplement to their Histories . 2. That the series of the Apostles words , the expressions compared with Gen. 1. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5. of [ in the beginning was the word with God , all things were made by him , the life was the light of men , the light shineth in darkness , and the darkness comprehended it not ] are so correspondent to each other , that none but will say , that at least St. John did allude to Moses his description of the first creation , and that he did use Moses his expressions , and therefore meant the same thing , hath been conceived not only by Christians , but also by A●relius the Platonist , as Eusebius , in his book of Evangelical preparation , lib. 11. c. 19. relates ; nor is it to be slightly passed over , which John Cameron observes in his answers to questions on the Epistle to the Hebrews , ch . 1. v. 2. concerning Gods manner of delivering mysteries in the Old Testament , that it was to be but dusky , as in the twi-light , until the Messias his time , who should fully discover the things of God as the Sun , when it is risen , doth things before obscured , and that the Apostle knew Christs creating the world in the beginning even from Gen. 1. For wherefore , saith he , I beseech you , should Moses ( which no where else is done in the whole Scripture ) so often bring in God speaking , let this and that be made , and after it was made ? For certainly God then used no speech as when he spake to the Prophets . It is but a cold answer , that Moses did so write , that it might be signified after a humane manner , that God made all things by his beck . For who doubts of that , or doth not indeed know , that to make the frame of the world God used no tools or engines ? Besides , if that were the intent , why is not also else-where God brought in using like speech , when he did some great work or miracle ? I do no whit doubt but John had an eye on that place , when he termed Christ the Word , as if he had said , that Christ was pointed out by those expressions ; He said , and it was made , although obscurely indeed , as befitted those times , even as also obscurely mention is made of the Holy Spirit , in the same chapter , when Moses said , and the Spirit of God moved upon the waters . For indeed at first view he seems to speak of some wind and so the Chaldee Paraphrast expounded that place . But because no reason can be given whence that wind should arise , or fit cause why it should move upon the waters , men might be inclined to conjecture that Moses in that place had respect to another thing . In the same manner plainly , sith no reason of so diligent and heedful an observation fit enough can be given , that God spake of each thing severally , Let it be made and it was made , there must be some mystery couched under those expressions : When therefore in the New Testament we are taught , that all things were made by Christ , let the Jews either open and explain to us that Mystery , or let them not shew themselves stiff in this matter . I confess indeed , that without the light of the Gospel , we should be hesitant here with the Jews ; but sith Christ is called the Word , and said to be he by whom God made all things , no man hath any more cause of doubting left , but that Moses would intimate it by that diligent observation which the words of the Psalmist , [ Psal. 33. 6. 9. By the word of the Lord were the Heavens made , and all the host of them by the breath of his mouth : He spake and it was done , besides those word● Psal. 136. 5. to him that by wisdom ( which 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifies as well as speech ) made the Heavens , Psal. 148. 5. he commanded and they were created , did so far intimate that the Chaldee Paraphrast , Isa. 45. 12. reads ; I in my word have made the earth , and created man upon it and Isa. 48. 13. By my word I have founded the earth , and Philo the Jew besides other sayings in his book of allegories shewing his inklings of his knowledge of this mystery , though dark saith , the word or reason , ( for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifies both ) made the world : These with many other allegations , which might be produced out of Jewish Writers , and others do evince , that the Evangelist means the same creation , when he saith all things were made by him , and the same beginning when he saith , In the beginning was the word , as Moses meant , when he said , In the beginning God created the Heaven and the Earth . Gen. 1. 1. 3. The sense of the words in which the force of the argument consists is according to the plain and obvious use of the words and phrases ; the other for the most part without example , and so streined , as that it may easily be perceived , they studied rather to wrest , than to interpret them ; as will appear by comparing the allegations and senses on both sides given in the particulars as they are in order examined in the next Section . 4. The Adversaries acknowledge , that the intent of the Evangelist in that which is said of Christ , was to set out Christ in what he was singular , and was excellent in him : But to expound his words as they do , is to make the Evangelist deliver things common to him with others , as to say , in the beginning was the Word , that is , preaching the Gospel , or in the beginning of the preaching of the Gospel the Word Christ was , that is , had a being , that he was with God , that is , was known of God , is to say no more than might be said of John Baptist ; to say he was with God to learn Mysteries is the same which St. Paul saith of himself , when he was rapt into Paradise , or is true of Moses when he conferred with God in the Mount ; to say all things were made by him , that is , by his preaching the Gentiles were become new creatures , is no more than might be said of Peter , Paul , and other Apostles ; to say he was a God in office , that he had Divine Power to work Miracles , is to say no more of him than might be said of Moses , of the Apostles , nor do they or can they give any good reason , which may agree with the Majesty and Wisdom of so divine a writing and Writer as this of John , to deliver things so obvious in so obscure Phrases , as are not congruous to a divine Historian , when the same might be , and were by other Evangelists delivered in plainer expressions ; nor why he should prefix those sacred Aphorisms before his History , if they contained no Mystery , but things easily perceivable by sense ; nor is such an end , as is imagined by some , to shew that John Baptist was not the Messias , any thing probable to have been propounded by John the Evangelist , who wrote long after John Baptist was dead ; nor could be , or was by any conceived to be the Christ : Such things as these can hardly be imputed to the Evangelist without some note of dotage . 5. To expound the words [ in the beginning was the Word ] that is , in the beginning of the preaching of the Gospel was the Word , that is , Christ was preaching of the Gospel , or the preaching of the Gospel was , is more like an inept tautology of a trifler , than the holy , wise saying of a Divine Writer . 6. The sense given by the Adversaries is in sundry things not true ; for in the beginning of the preaching of the Gospel Christ was not with God in Heaven , as they expound , verse 1. 2. his being with God , but was come from Heaven , and conversed familiarly with men ; nor is it true , that in the beginning of the Preaching of the Gospel ( be the beginning at John's beginning to preach , or Christs , or his Apostles , or the continuing of it in the daies of his flesh ) all things belonging to the new Creation , the new Covenant , the reconciling the world , the preaching and propagating of the Gospel were done by him . For the many Miracles of Christ were not done in the beginning of the Preaching of the Gospel , nor was his dying for us , nor the sending his Apostles , and their impowering by the coming of the Holy Ghost to them till after his Resurrection and Ascention : Yea those men who expound the words , John 1. 3. All things were done by him of divine and marvelous works , yet many divine marvelous works , as , the opening of the Heavens , the descent of the Spirit in the form of a Dove , the transfiguration and glory in the Mount , the rending the veil of the Temple , the Earthquake , cleaving the Rocks , opening the Graves , darkening of the Sun at his death , his Resurrection from the dead , they deny to have been done by Christ or the concurrence of his power or operation ; nor is it true in their sense , that without him was nothing done that was done ; For in the business of the preaching of the Gospel afore Christs manifestation to Israel , Iohn did preach and Baptize , and in the working of Miracles there were some that did cast out devils in Christs name , who followed not Christ , Luk. 9. 49. Nor is it true , that in their sense the world was made by Christ , that is the Gentiles reconciled by Christs Preaching or the world reformed ; for that was done by the Apostles after his Ascention : And if it be said , that after Christs Ascention all things were done by him , that the world was made by him , that was not in the beginning , in which they say , he was the Word , that is , did preach the Gospel , was a God , that is , did work Miracles , was with God , that is , was taken up into heaven , and therefore the making of all things , John 1. 3. cannot be understood according to their own exposition of [ in the beginning ] of Christs care in ordering and moderating all things belonging to his Church after his ascention , nor had any more been said of him as then done than may be said now , which is contrary to the adversaries grant , that some more than ordinary remarkable things is related of Christ by St. John in the first verses of his Gospel : Whence may be justly inferred that the Exposition given by them neither is consistent with the truth of things , nor the Evangelists words , nor their own sayings . SECT . 6. The reasons of the Adversaries Exposition of John 1. 1 , &c. are shewed to be insufficient . BUt besides other absurdities , which are in the Exposition of the Adversaries , the reasons they give are mistakes and insufficient for what they produce them : For in the first there is a great mistake , as if the Evangelist used the term [ Word ] to intimate by whom the Preaching of the Gospel began ; For Christ is not termed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which we translate [ the Word ] because he was Gods Messenger to declare Gods mind to us in the Gospel ; the term [ Word ] is not fit to expresse a deputy , but the term [ Ambassador , Lega●e ] but because it signifies Reason , and Wisdom , and therefore fitly expresseth Christ , who was the Wisdom of God , by whom he made all things at the beginning of the Creation , Psal. 136. 5. Prov. 3. 19. with whom he was when he prepared the Heavens , Prov. 8. 27. to which the Evangelist alludes , when he saith , John 1. 2. the same was in the beginning with God , and the Authour of the Book of Wisdom , ch . 9. 2. alluding to that , Gen. 1. 26. Let us make man in our Image , saith , who hast framed man in thy Wisdom , or , because all things are said to be made by the Word of God , as in the places before alledged , Psal. 33. 6. 9. Psal. 148. 5. alluding without doubt to the expressions , Gen. 1. 3 , 6 , 9 , 11 , 14 , 20 , 24 , 26 , 28. and accordingly the holy Writers in the New Testament , expresse the first Creation , as done by the Word of God. St. Paul 2 Cor. 4. 6. God who commanded the light to shine out of darkness . Heb. 11. 3. Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the Word of God. 2 Pet. 3. 5. For this they willingly are ignorant of , that by the Word of God , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the heavens were of old , and the Earth standing out of the water , and in the water , or as it may be read , consisting of water , and by water ; for which reason the Chaldee Paraphrast in abundance of places , especially where Gods creating of Heaven and Earth is signified , useth this expression , I have done it by my Word , as Isa. 45. 12. and 48. 13. Hos. 1. 7. whence it is apparent that St. John used the term 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , the Word as a title known to the Jews , answering to the Chaldee , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ; and that , as Heinsius Arist. sac . exercit . in non . c. 3. observes , it undoubtedly comes from the East , not from the Greeks , and that by reason of his relating Gods acts , especially the Creation , as done by the Word , it is not given by the Evangelist to Christ , to signifie his preaching of the Gospel , but his creation of the World at first , and consequently to be understood of his Divine Nature , in which he created all things in the beginning of the world ; nor doth the speech , 1 John 1. 1 , 2. that what was from the beginning which he and other Apostles had seen with their eyes , and their hands handled of the Word of Life , prove , that the term [ Word of Life ] imports only Christs humane nature , or that he is so termed from preaching the Gospel : For it is not said , that they handled or saw the Word of life , but they heard , saw , handled , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 concerning the Word of life , that is as verse 2. And the life was manifested and we have seen , and witness , and shew unto you that eternal life which was with the Father , and was manifested unto us , that is , as is expressed , 1 Tim. 3. 16. God was manifested in the flesh ; so that what they heard , saw , handled , concerning the Word of Life , or Divine Nature was manifested in the flesh by his words of command to unclean Spirits to depart , to the Winds and Seas to be still , by his Miracles which they saw , felt , tasted , whereby he manifested his glory , Joh. 1. 14. and 2. 11. and 11. 40. whence Christ argues , John 10 , 37 , 38. If I do not the works of my Father believe me not , But if I do , though ye believe not me , believe the works , that ye may know and believe that the Father is in me , and I in him . John 14. 10 , 11. The words that I speak unto you I speak not of my self , but the Father that dwelleth in me , he doth the works : Believe me that I am in the Father and the Father in me ; or else believe me for the very works sake ; nor is Christ described , Rev. 19. 13. where he is called [ the Word of God ] as a Prophet to shew that the title [ Word of God ] imported his preaching , but as a Warriour to shew his power ; not as the Essay on Rev. 19. 13. Because he came immediately from the Divine Majesty in Heaven to publish the Gospel to the world , and had full power to do whatsoever miracles he pleased . 2. It is true that [ in the beginning ] is wont to be restrained to the matter in hand , nor is it denied but that in many of the places alledged in the second exception [ in the beginning ] is meant of the preaching of Christ , nor is it material in this point , whether [ beginning ] Luke 3. 23. be referred to Christs age , or the preaching of the Gospel , though the latter be lesse probable , because then when Christ was Baptized of John he had not begun to preach the Gospel till after his temptation in the Wilderness . But the thing to be proved is , that the preaching of the Gospel is the matter in hand , Joh. 1. 1 , 2. The word [ the beginning ] is used John 8. 44. 1 John 3. 8. Mat. 19. 4 , 8 ▪ and 24. 21. Mark. 10. 6. and 13. 19. Heb. 1. 10. 2 Pet. 3. 4. for the beginning of the Creation , and the very expressions , John 1. 1 , 2 , 3 , 〈◊〉 , 5 , 10. and other evidences before alledged shew it , answers to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gen. 1. 1. Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , as John 1. 1. and in both places are delivered with the like agreableness to Gods Majesty in creating , that even as Longinus the Philosopher magnified Moses his description of the Creation , so Franciscus Junius that eminent Divine was taken with the reading of John 1. 1. &c. and from his inclinations to Atheism was by it brought to the knowledge of Christ , as he relates in the narration of his own life . As for the sense the Adversaries give , In the beginning was the Word , that is , in the beginning of the Gospel was the Word , that is , the man Christ Jesus called the Word , in that he was the immediate Interpreter of God , by whom he revealed his counsel touching our salvation , as we are wont to disclose our secrets by our words , which reason , it is said , may not obscurely be collected from the 18. v. of the same chapter , and the Word was with God , being taken up into Heaven , that so he might talk with God , and be indeed his Word , or the immediate Interpreter of his Will , and receive the most certain and absolute knowledge of the Kingdom of Heaven which he was to propound to men , it hath no colour from the Text ; For neither is it said , in the beginning of the Gospel , nor the appellation of [ the Word ] is given to Christ in regard of his Prophetical Office , nor is it said in the beginning the Word was preaching , but simply was , noting his existence , not his acting ; nor will the order of the Apostles Propositions consist with the sense they give , for then St. John should have said thus : In the beginning the Word was with God , and after he had been with God , he came down from Heaven and was the Word , that is , preached the Gospel , and then he was a God , as being endued with divine Power and Empire , to cast out Devils , and to do great works , as Moses did ; whereas the first thing he sets down in the being of Christ in the beginning , and then his being with God , and his being God , and the making of all things by him , which can be applied in this order to no beginning , but that of the Creation , and therefore [ in the beginning ] must be understood of the first Creation of all things , and not of the publishing the Gospel , as they would have it . 3. This consideration also overthrows their sense of the words [ was with God ] of his being taken up into Heaven , that so he might talk with God , and be indeed his Word . For if it were meant of his taking up into Heaven in a humane body ( as 2 Cor. 12. 2. is said of Paul ) then it should have been put first , whereas it is the second and fourth Proposition , John 1. 1 , 2. and being repeated , v. 2. and then it following , verse 3. all things were made by him , and without him not one thing was made that was made , it plainly shews that the meaning is , that he was with God in the work of Creation of the Heaven and Earth , so as that all things were made by him as the Son of God , or God with the Father : As for the words , verse 18. of his being in the bosom of his Father , they do not shew his receiving instructions from God , as a Messenger , taken up into Heaven , that he might be sent down again to deliver his Message perfectly and amply , but the love ▪ and intimacy and nearness to his Father , in that he was his only begotten Son , and therefore was perfectly acquainted with him , and his mind : And it seems to me that the Evangelist alluded , John 1. 1 , 2 , 18. to the passages which are Prov. 8. 29 , 30. When he gave to the Sea his decree , that the waters should not passe his commandement , when he appointed the foundations of the Earth , then I was by him as one brought up with him , ( Hebr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Foster Child , Aquila , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 nursed as a Child in the bosom ) and I was daily his delight , rejoycing alwaies before him , which is the opinion of Grotius annot . ad J● . 1. 1. Prov. 8. 27. and many others , and shews , that the being in the bosom was not as a Servant to be imployed , but as a Son , in whom he delighted , as is said , Matth. 3. 17. and 17. 5. As for that which hath been immagined concerning the meaning of the words , The Word was with God , John 1. 1 , 2. as if it were thus , He was known to God , though unknown to men till he was manifested by John , as it is partly false , sith he was known to Mary his Mother , Zecharias , Elizabeth , Simeon , Anna , Joseph , to the Wise men of the East , as the Son of God , King of the Jews , a horn of Salvation out of the house of David , the Lord , the rising from on high , the light of the Gentiles , the glory of the people Israel , the Lords Christ , as may be perceived by reading Luke 1. and 2. ch . Mat. 1. and 2. so is it frivolous , as being without any example of such use of the expressions , and contrary to the use of the phrase , which still notes presence of being , or subsist●nce , or cohab●●ation , as Mat. 13. 55 , 56. Mark 6. 3. and 9. 19. Luke 9. 41. 1 Cor. 16. 6. &c. and signifies Joh. 1. 1 , 2. his being with God in the beginning of the Creation , as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with thee , Joh. 17. 5. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Prov. 8. 30. which the Chaldee Paraphrast reads , at his side , and Exod. 20. 19. Let not the Lord speak with us by the Word which is before the Lord , and the Wisdom of Solomon as it is stiled , ch . 9. 9. saith thus : And wisdom was with thee which knoweth thy works , and was presen● when thou madest the world , where the translators in the margin not unfitly place Prov. 8. 22. Joh. 1. 1 , 2 , 3 , 10. as parallel Texts to shew the presence and co-operation of the Word in the making of the World ; which shew the Jews had some ●nkling of the Words subsistence at the Creation , though the writing be Apocryphal , nor doth his being with the Father John 1. 1 , 2. signifie objective presence , but essential . As for the device of Christs being taken up into heaven in his humane body , as it is a late invention , so it is improbable , sith no certain time or other circumstance is expressed in the Evangelists , in which it should be , which in so remarkable a thing it 's not likely would have been omitted any more than in Paul's narration of himself , 2 Cor. 12. 2. if such an ascention had been ; nor is the reason given that he should be taken up to Heaven that he might talk with God , and receive the most certain and absolute knowledge of the Kingdom of Heaven , which he was to propose to men , probable , sith another reason is given of his knowledge , John. 3. 34. For he whom God hath sent , speaketh the words of God : For God giveth not the Spirit by measure to him ; nor is he any where said to go from the Earth , and to return thither ; and when Christ speaks of his going to Heaven , he saith , Luke 24. 26. Ought not Christ to suffer these things , and to enter into his glory ? Which intimates his going to Heaven , to have followed his sufferings , and Heb. 9. 12. the Authour of that Epistle saith , By his own blood he entred in once into the holy place , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whether it be read once , or for once , or at once , it notes but one time entring into heaven with his blood , as his offering was but once , Heb. 10. 10. and not often as the High-Priest Aaronical did . As for what is alledged , [ that John 6. 38 , 46 , 51 , 62. Christ affirmeth that he came down from Heaven , and had seen God , and that he was the living bread which came down from Heaven , whereof whosoever did eat should live for ever ; so the bread which he would give was his flesh , which he would give for the life of the world : And afterwards asketh the Jews , what if they should see the Son of man ascending up where he was before ? namely , before he began to preach the Gospel , as he himself intimateth , John 8. 42. Where he saith , if God were your Father , you would love me , for I went out from God , and came : for neither came I of my self , but he sent me : And John 16. 28. Where he saith , I came out from the Father , and came into the world : Again ( or rather on the contrary ) I leave the world , and go to the Father : which going forth from the Father , every one may easily perceive , by the opposition of the following clause , is meant of a local procession of Christ from God , and that before the discharge of his Embassy : for to come , or to come into the world signifieth to treat with men in the name of God , and to perform a publick Office among men , See Iohn 1. 15. 27 , 30. and Iohn 1. 5 , 20. Mat. 11. 3 , 18 , 19. Ioh. 17. 18. compared with chap. 16. 21. and chap. 18. 37. ] it evinceth not a bodily ascent into Heaven of Christ to learn of God afore his publishing the Gospel , For it is not said whither he ascended before , but was before , which notes presence there , but not local motion ; nor is it said in his humane body ; though it be said , the Son of man was there before ; yet this may be understood by the figure of communication of properties very frequent in speeches of Christ , according to his Divine Nature ; nor is he said to be there before his preaching the Gospel , restraining the time to it ; it may be meant of his being in Heaven afore the World was , as it is said , Iohn 17. 5. nor is it said , Christs flesh came from heaven , or that he came from Heaven by local motion , or saw God by his eyes of flesh ; his coming and seeing God , may be understood of his Divine Nature in respect of which he was of Heavenly Original , though his being bread be meant of his flesh and humane nature in which he suffered , and his coming out from God , and coming John 8. 42. is expounded of his receiving commission from God , as the words shew , neither came I of my self , that is , I have not taken upon me this Office , I now administer of mine own motion only , but he sent me ; nor is coming out from the Father necessarily understood , of coming out from the Father , and coming into the world by local procession ; but the coming out from the Father may be meant of receiving commission from his Father , or his original being , and his coming into the world either of his humane birth , or as the allegation expresseth it , his treating with men in the Name of God , and performing a publick office among men , unto one of which , the Texts produced lead us , and not to the sense of local procession in his humane body , nor doth the opposition prove it , for the sense may be right thus : I came out from the Father by generation , and taking my commission from him , and came into the world by humane birth , or as it is , Iohn 12. 46. A light into the world by my preaching the Gospel , and again , or on the contrary , I leave the world by death , or removing from the Earth , and go by my bodily ascent to the Father : As for Iohn 3. 13. neither is the coming down from Heaven , nor his being in Heaven necessarily understood of removal from Earth to Heaven , and back again by bodily motion , but may be meant of his being in Heaven in his Divine nature , and coming down from Heaven by being made flesh , or receiving his commission from God , in respect of one or both of which he is said , verse 31. to come from Heaven , from above , in opposition to being of the Earth by humane generation , or authority . And verse 32. he is said to have seen and heard by his intimacy with his Father , and the communication of the Spirit . verse 34. not by his bodily eyes or ears upon a supposed personal humane presence and conference with God in Heaven . 4. The Apellation of God given to the Word , Job . 1. 1. is not from his Office as altogether Divine , as being above Prophets , whose Office , if compared with Christs , was humane ; For Moses was a Prophet of whom God said , Numb . 12. 8. With him will I speak mouth to mouth , even apparently , and not in dark speeches , and the similitude of the Lord shall he behold : and St. Paul was rapt into the third Heaven , and heard words unspeakable , 2 Cor. 12. 4. and yet neither of them termed God ; yea , St. Paul abhorred it with indignation , Acts 14. 11 , 15. such persons may be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Divine men , not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gods : nor is the Word termed God , as endued with Divine Power : For then Moses might be so termed , for he was a Prophet endued with Divine Power and Empire , so as to controul Pharaoh and to work Miracles : But Moses is not termed God , though God said to him , I have made thee a God to Pharaoh , Exod. 7. 1. and thou shalt be to Aaron 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for or instead of God , that is , as a Prince or Master to command or direct him Exod. 4. 16. But the Word , it 's said , Iohn 1. 1. was God absolutely , noting what he was in himself , not relatively what he was to another , shewing what he was in nature and power , not what he was designed for , or what his imployment or work should be , or what he was in Office , no whit expressing from whom , to whom , for what he was sent , or what he did , but what he was : And his being God is said to be in the beginning , not in the progress of his preaching in which he did Miracles , nor after his Resurrection when all Power was given him in Heaven and in Earth , Mat. 28. 18. nor after his ascention , when he was exalted by the right hand of God , Acts 2. 33. God made him both Lord and Christ , verse 36. But in the beginning of the Creation , when he made all things , and therefore was God the Creatour , as the Authour to the Hebrews ch . 3. 4. asserts , He that built , or framed all things is God : where it may be observed , that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 God is put without the article 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and yet by God is there meant not a substituted God by Office , but God the Creatour , and Iohn 1. 6 , 12 , 13 , 18. and in a great number of other places it is likewise used ; and therefore notwithstanding this exception the Word is to be believed to have been God Creatour , very God of very God in the beginning of the Creation at first , as v. 3. is asserted . 5. That the making of all things by the Word is not meant of the new Creation is proved before Sect. 13. and that the words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 used Iohn 1. 3 ; 10. translated by us made , are used of the first Creation is manifest from the use , Heb. 4. 3. and 11. 3. 1 Cor. 15. 45. as Gen. 2. 7. and Gen. 1. 3 , 6 , 9 , 11 , 14 , 15 , 20 , 24. and 2. 4. and therefore the creation of all things of the world at first , is fi●ly expressed by those words , Iohn 1. 3 , 10. and so the universal Creation at first ascribed to the Word : Nor is it any deminution to Christ , that it is said , all things were made by him , and without him was nothing made which was made , and the world was made by him . For the expressions by him , not without him do not note alwaies an instrument , even Rom. 11. 36. It is said , all things are of him , and by him , and for him , who is the Lord , to whom glory belongs for ever ; but shews the order and co-operation of the Father and the Word in the Creation . As for the passage , 2 Cor. 5. 17. it is granted to be meant of the new state of things by Christs reconciling the world to God , verse 18. but it is not like the words , Iohn 1. 3 , 10. where all things are said , to be made , not made new by him , and old things past away , and all things are said to be made by him in the beginning ; Whereas the making all things new by reconciling the World to God , was by Christs being made sin for them , ver . 21. by his death , and therefore not in the beginning of his preaching the Gospel , and therefore cannot be meant of the same creation , Ephes. 2. 10. The Ephesians are said to be created in Christ Iesus unto good works , not by Christ Jesus , but to be Gods Work. The words Ephes. 3. 9. may be more rightly understood of the first Creation , in which Christ was co-worker , which the words from the beginning of the world seem to intimate ; however they are not like Iohn 1. 3. in expressions , and therefore evince not , that they are to be both understood of the same thing . 6. The term 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 can signifie no other than either the frame of Heaven and Earth , or the Inhabitants in it , as Iohn 17. 5 , 17. Iohn 1. 9 , 29. and 3. 16. and many more places , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 can have no other signification , than was made by him , at the first creation . For the World was made by him afore he was in it , and it knew him not , it being put as an aggravation of their perverseness , that the world that was made by him , knew him not , which can be verified of no time , but the first creation ; which is confirmed by the two next verses : For verse 9. Coming into the World is meant , of appearing among men , whether by birth or other manifestation , and therefore the world must signifie , verse 9. the Earth or Men , and so , verse 10. which is apparent in that , when it is said , the world knew him not , it must be expounded , men knew him not , and the words following , he came unto his own , and his own received him not , verse 11. must be understood of men , whether his own be meant of men simply , or men that he had special relation to as Country men , or Kinsmen . And for the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which we translate [ was made ] as here put , it never signifies any other thing than was , or was made , or was begotten , not revealing , preaching , or renewing . Nor does the Word [ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the World ] signifie , being put without any further addition or expression , heaven , or immortality , or eternal life . The place , Rom. 4. 13. that Abraham should be heir of the World , if meant of his own natural posterity inheriting , is to be conceived meant of the Promised Land ; if of Christ , of the Empire of the world , as Psal. 2. 8. is foretold ; if of his seed by Faith , to be co-heirs with Christ , Rom. 8. 17. if ( as it is most likely from the connexion with the 11th . and 12th . verse ) of the world of Believers Jews , and Gentiles of whom he is Father , still it is meant of mens persons , not their meer state and condition , Heb. 10. 5. the coming into the world , is coming among men , and that to offer himself in Sacrifice , and the preparing of his body is not making it immortal , but fitting it for death , as verse 10 , 12. do plainly shew ; Neither of the places , Heb. 2. 5. or , 6. 5. have the word translated World , John 1. 10. in the one the word is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 opposed to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 desart , in the other 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and notes the course of time , place , or generation future ; neither the state it self of eternal life , which is distinct from the world to come , Luke 18. 30. and cannot be meant of the world made by Christ , John 1. 10. which is not future , but was existent when Christ was in it . For the same reasons , by the world made by Christ , cannot be meant the Church reformed by him ; For if by the world be elsewhere meant the Church of the Elect , or world of Believers reconciled to God ( as is conceived to be meant , Iohn 6. 51. 2 Cor. 5. 19. &c. ) yet here it cannot be meant , because it is said , the world knew him not , received him not , even that world which was made by him ; but the Church of the Elect , or , Believers reconciled to God , knew him , and received him : Nor doth any where the word [ was made ] put as here , signifie was renewed , enlightned , reformed ; nor if it were so used , could it be here , sith the world knew him not , nor received him , which is said to be made by him : And to say that the meaning is , the world was made by him , that is , the world was so far as concerned his action , as much as in him lay , enlightned , renewed , reformed , though not in the event , so as to note Christs study and endeavour , not the effect , is without all example ; sith the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 doth note being , and effect of the thing , not intention or action of the agent , and so the Church of Elect would be no more made by him than others , and it would be clean contrary to the Apostles intention to shew the event of his being in the world , that notwithstanding the world was made by him , yet they were so averse from him , as not to know him , and so perverse as not to receive him ; understanding Synecdochically , the greater part ( as 2 Pet. 2. 5. and elsewhere the world is put for the multitude , or greatest part ) distinct from them that received him , verse 12 , 13. 7. The life which is said was in the Word , was in him in the beginning , not restored to him at his Resurrection , and it is said was in him , not as John 11. 25. and 14. 6. he was the life causally and relatively to others , but in him , that is in himself , and so notes what he had in respect of his Essence , and natural Being , not by his Office , or communicated Power in that respect . And when it is said , the life was the light of men , it is not said , the life shall be the light of men , but was so in the beginning ; Nor is it said , it was the light of men as dead or fallen , but of men simply as men , and so cannot be understood of the light infused by regeneration , or restored by raising from the dead , but communicated by Creation , and notes the natural light of reason and understanding wherewith Christ inlightens every man which cometh into the World , verse 9. of which more may be seen in my Book of The true old Light exalted , Serm. 1. on Joh. 1. 9. Nor is it to the contrary , that ver . 5. it is said , and the light shineth in the darkness , and the darkness comprehended it not : For taking the shining by enallage of tense ( as it must be , whether it be meant of shining by creation or Preaching ) for the time past , and the sense be , and the light shined in the darkness ; it may be meant of the beginning of the Creation allusively to Gen. 1. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5. and in the sense of the Apostle , 2 Cor. 4. 6. God spake , to wit , by the Word , that the light should shine out of darkness , and the darkness did not comprehend it ; or if the sense be , Christ the true light when he came into the world , shined among dark men , and they did not comprehend him , or his Doctrine which he taught ; it proves not that verse 4. is not meant of Christs life by nature , and his life being the light of men , by creation of them with understanding in the beginning . For as ver . 9 , 10 , 11. the stupidity and perversness of men is shewed , that notwithstanding Christ made the world , and enlightens all men , yet when he was in the world , and preached to them , they knew not , nor received him ; so in like manner , v. 4. 5. to the same purpose with good congruity of sense and reason the Evangelist , to shew the great alienation of men from their Creatour , saith , that though in the Word was life in the beginning , and his life was the cause of mens natural light in the creation of Adam , and Eve the Mother of all living , yet when he the true light shined by his preaching among men , who were by sin and ignorance in darkness , and the shadow of death , the dark Spirits of men did not comprehend , understand , and receive him and his Doctrine . 8. That Flesh is as much as a man simply as man , is obvious out of many passages in holy Scripture , and particularly , John 17. 2 , &c. and that it notes Christs humane nature or humane body as such is manifest from John 6. 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , &c. and that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is to be rendred was made , as John 1. 3 , 10. and the sense , as in Rom. 1. 3. Gal. 4. 4. Heb. 2. 14. and such places , is , that he was incarnate or made a man , and that this was a voluntary act in taking a humane nature , not a part of his sufferings is manifest from what is added , he was made flesh , and dwelt among us , which notes an act of his will or choice , and imports his assumption of a humane body , that it might be an everlasting habitation for his Divine Majesty , and therein converse with man ; And that he was made flesh , not under the notion of weakness but humane nature , is evident from the words following , and we beheld his glory , the glory as of the only begotten of the Father , which shews that in his flesh , which he was made , his glory , that is , his Divine Majesty was beheld in the great works he did in his humane body , and that he dwelt in or among us , full of grace & truth ; which shew [ that he was made flesh ] notes not his weakness but humane Nature having Power and Excellency . Adde hereto that the Being of the Word was expressed before , John 1. 2 , 3 , 4 , 9 , 10. by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he was , therefore 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , verse 14. must be meant of his being made a man besides his being the Word . And to say the Word , who was a man , was a man ; had been to trifle , to say nothing but what might be said of every man ; yea , and that which was discernable by sense , and so needless to be testified by John , who intended to express Divine Mysteries concerning Christ in things that were singular and excellent , and could be known but by revelation from God : and this reason overthrows this sense , the Word that is the Interpreter of Gods Will , was flesh , that is , a man of infirmities ; for then no more had been said of him , than might have been said of John Baptist , and other prophets ; The sense then must be this and no other , The Word which was in the beginning , was with God , was God , by whom all things were made , and without whom nothing was made that was made , in whom was life , and the life was the light of men , enlightning every man that someth into the world , by whom the world was made , was in the fulness of time made a man in a humane body having his Divine Majesty dwelling in him full of Grace and Truth , so that we beheld his Glory in his Miracles , his Grace and Truth in his Holy and Wise Doctrine such as manifested him to be the only begotten of the Father . 9. The terms , John 1. 15. the only begotten of the Father , verse 18. the only begotten which is in the bosom of the Father , must be understood of Generation , before the World was made , of the substance of the Father . For the term notes Generation , and so subsistence from his Substance , not Creation out of nothing , or created matter as Adam , nor can he be said to be the only begotten Son of the Father , from his peculiar forming as man , expressed Luke 1. 35. for Adam who was formed without the help of man , and called the Son of God , Luke 3. 38. was so , as much the only begotten Son of God , as the Word , or Jesus Christ. Nor is he said to be the only begotten of the Father by reason of his peculiar love : for the peculiar love is from his peculiar Sonship , not that the form or cause of it : nor is he said to be the Son of God by regeneration , as they that believe in Christ are the Sons of God , John 1. 13. for so many are Sons of God ; nor from his peculiar mission , resurrection or exaltation . For though these proved him the only begotten of the Father as evidences thereof , yet not as causes of his Son-ship . But he is intituled the only begotten Son of the Father from his proper generation and Sonship , whence he is stiled his Son , Rom. 8. 3. his own proper Son , verse 32. not adopted but natural , otherwise Adam might be from his original as well stiled his own proper Son. That Christ Jesus is in respect of his natural generation , before the world was , the only begotten Son of God may be evinced , 1. From Mat. 16. 13 , 16 , 17. Christ asking , whom do men say that I the Son of man am , it being answered , verse 14. Some say John the Baptist , others Elias , others Jeremias , or one of the Prophets ; our Lord Christ further presseth them to tell him , whom they said him to be , verse 15. plainly intimating , that these opinions of him were short of what they were to esteem him , whereupon Simon Peter answered and said , verse 16. Thou art the Christ the Son of the living God , to whom Christ replies , verse 17. Blessed art thou Simon Bar-Jona , for flesh and blood hath not revealed it to thee , but my Father which is in the Heavens . which plainly shews , 1. that the confessing him to be the Son of God , was more than to be the Son of Man , John Baptist , Elias , Jeremiah or one of the Prophets . 2. That this being the Son of God , was such a thing as was not to be revealed by flesh and blood , but by his Father in Heaven , therefore it was not his being Gods Son , by the supernatural conception of the blessed Virgin , for that she could tell , both by her own knowledge of her Virginity , and the Angels revelation ; nor by special mission , for that had been , but as one of the Prophets , as Moses , and had been discernable by flesh and blood upon the sight of his great works , to which he often appealed , as demonstrating him to be sent of his Father as the Messiah , John 14. 10 , 11. nor as Mediatour only ; for then there had been no more acknowledged by Peters confessing him to be the Son of the living God , than by confessing him to be the Christ , therefore he was the Son of the living God by generation of his Fathers Substance before the world was , which his Father onely could reveal . 2. This is further proved from these Texts of Scripture which make it the demonstration of the greatest love of God in giving his only begotten Son , John 3. 16. not sparing his own Son , but giving him up for us all , Rom. 8. 32. But this had not been such a commendation of his love , if Christ had been only a supernaturally conceived man specially commissionated as Mediatour , if he had not been the Son of God by generation before the world was , of his Fathers substance , it had not been more than the not sparing holy Angels but giving them for us ; therefore he must be the Son of God , by such generation of the Fathers substance , as he had before the world was . 3. Heb. 3. 4 , 5 , 6. our Lord Christ is preferred before Moses , as being a Son over his own house , and this house built by himself , who built all things , and therefore God , whereas Moses was but faithful as a Servant in Gods house , not his ow● , therefore Christ is the Son of God , as he is God with his Father , building or framing all things , and consequently the Son of God by generation of his Fathers substance , before the World was . 4. It is said Heb. 5. 8. Though he were a Son , yet learned he obedience by the things which he suffered , which shewed a singular demission of himself in his obedience ; but if he had been only a Son by creation as the Angels , or as a meer man , by supernatural conception in the Virgins womb , there had been ▪ no such demission of himself by agreement or accord as here , and Heb. 10. 7. is set forth ; his subjection had not been free but necessary as being Gods creature , if he had not been the Son of God by natural generation of his substance before the world was . If he had been the Son of God , only as sent by God , to be Mediatour , there had been a tautology , to say , although he was sent by God to be Me●ia●our , yet he did obey as Mediatour , and being consecrated or perfected became Authour of salvation to them that obey him ; which is as if he had said , though he were Mediatour , yet he was Mediatour , which had been ●ugatory . As for that which is chiefly objected , that the reason of this title [ the Son of God ] given to Christ is from the peculiar Generation he had by the operation of the holy Ghost : Besides that which is already said , that such a forming was of Adam at first , who was not the Son of God in that singular manner that Christ was , and if there were no other reason of his being the Son of God , but this , he should be termed peculiarly the Son of the Spirit , whereas he is stiled the only begotten of the Father , it is said , that holy thing which shall be born of thee , intimates that what should be born of her was holy , and had being before that birth of the Virgin , and that his being called the Son of God , was not for that as the cause , at least not the sole cause , and that his being called the Son of God , was a consequent of being that holy thing , God with us , as it is Mat. 1. 23. The other Texts , John 10. 36. Acts 13. 33. Heb. 5. 5. &c. do only prove , that his singular mission , resurrection , and Priest-hood demonstrated him to be the Son of God , not made him such ; for then he had not been the Son of God before these , whereas the Angels words shew , Luke 1. 35. and the Adversaries yeild , he was the Son of God from his Generation and Birth of the blessed Virgin . 10. It is true the speech John 1. 15 , 27 , 30. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 being translated , is prefered before me , may be well conceived to be the same , or to answer to that which is Mat. 3. 11. Mark 1. 7. Euke 3. 16. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , is stronger than I , or is more prevalent , or more powerful than I : But the words , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , for he was before me , must note priority of time : For 1. The word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was , notes his actual existence , what he was in Being , not what he was to be in Gods Intention . 2. Though 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 first , note not only priority of order , but also of rule and power , and is sometimes as much as the chief , yet it cannot be so meant , John 1. 15 , 27 , 30. For 1. That was before expressed by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , rendred well , was preferred before me , noting chiefdom , preheminence or power , and therefore must note something distinct from it , otherwise it would be a tri●ling tautology , and therefore it must be understood of priority of Essence , in duration and excellency of being before him , which alone may well be conceived as the cause of his praelation . 2. If Christ had not being before John Baptist , it could not be well said as it is , v. 16. by him including himself , And of his fulness we all have received , and grace for grace , sith John had his being as man before Christ , and was filled with the Holy Ghost from his mothers womb , Luke . 1. 15. SECT . 7. Christs Generation before the world was , is proved from John. 8. 58. CHrists being the Son of God afore his incarnation is proved from his words , John 8. 58. verily , verily I say unto you , Before Abraham was I am . The occasion of which words was from that which our Lord Christ in the Temple , spake to the Jews , ver . 51. verily , verily , I say unto you , if a man keep my saying he shall never see death : Which the Jews conceived so notorious an untruth , that they inferred he must be possessed by the Devil , sith Abraham , was dead , and other holy men . To which our Lord Christ replied , that he honoured , not himself , but his Father honoured him , that Abraham rejoyced to see his day and saw it and was glad , which did intimate that he had seen Abraham , and Abraham him , else how could he say , he rejoyced to see his day and saw it , and was glad ? This was accounted by the Jews for a greater untruth , so that they reply to him , thou art not yet fifty years old , and hast thou seen Abraham , dead near two thousand years before ? to whom Christ returns this constant asseveration no whit revoking or mincing his former speech , Verily , verily , I say unto you , Before Abraham was , I am ; which both the occasion , the manner of expression , and the words plainly shew to have this sense , Before Abraham was a man in rerum naturâ , before Abraham was conceived in the womb , or born , I am , that is , have and had a being ; which can be understood of no other than his divine Nature , far exceeding the time of Abraham's being ; which the Jews conceived , he meant as they did , when he said , John 5. 17. My Father worketh hitherto and I work ; that he said also that God was his Father , making himself equal with God , ver . 18. and when he said John 10. 30. I and my Father are one , that being a man he made himself God , ver . 33. which they accounted Blasphemy , and would have stoned him for these sayings : Yet did not Christ revoke his speech , but hid himself , and after went out of the Temple , going through the midst of them , and so passed by , verse 59. and therefore his words have this assertion , that he had a Being before Abraham , which can be no other than his Divine Nature by Generation , of the substance of his Father before the world was . The exceptions against this inference , are 1. That it should be read , being in the Aorist . before Abraham , is to be , or shall be , or is made Abraham , that is , the Father of many Nations by the calling and graffing in the Gentiles , into the true Olive : I am as it is ver . 12. the light of the world , or the Messiah ; as when he said , verse 24. If ye believe not that I am , that is , the Messiah , ye shall dye in your sins ; and verse 28. when ye have lift up the Son of man ye shall know that I am , that is , the Messiah . 2. That Jesus was before Abraham by Divine constitution , which Grotius annot . on John 8. 58. makes the sense as John 17. 5. Apocal. 13. 8. 1. Pet. 1. 20. and Dr. Hammond in his Paraphrase of John 8. 58. thus expounds it : Jesus answered that objection of theirs ; You are much mistaken in my age . For 1. I have a being from all Eternity , and so before Abraham was born , and therefore as young as you take me to be , in respect of my age here , I may well have seen and known Abraham . But then 2. In respect of my present appearance here on Earth , though that be but a little above thirty years duration , yet long before Abraham ' s time , it was decreed by my Father , and in kindness to Abraham revealed to him , while he lived ; in which respect it is true that he knew me also . To which I reply . 1. That the words either way expounded had been impertinent , as not answering the objection , verse 57. of Christs age not exceeding fifty , and therefore he could not see Abraham ; For his being a man before the Gentiles were called , Gods Constitution and Decree , and the Revelation of it to Abraham , that in his seed all the Nations of the Earth should be blessed , was altogether besides the thing Christ was to do , to wit , the verifying of this , that he had seen Abraham , Abraham being a person , not signifying any where the calling of the Gentiles , and Christs seeing him , an Action , which presupposeth an existent substance , in which it must be . And therefore if Christs words had imported no more than this , that before the Gentiles should be called , Christ was the Messiah , or God had decreed and revealed his being the Messiah to Abraham , Christs speech might have been false , that he had seen Abraham : Yea , it had been nugatory , for Christ had said no more of himself than might be said by any of the Jews , that he was in Gods Decree before the calling of the Gentiles ; and it had been also false , that before Abraham was Father of many Nations , Christ had a being , or was the light of the world , if he had no being afore his Incarnation , sith Abraham was Father of many Nations , Israelites , Ishmaeli●es , Edomites , and in some sort a spiritual Father of many Nations , by the adjoyning themselves to the people of the God of Abraham , Psal. 47. 8 , 9. afore Christ was born . And it had been delusory , and aenigmatical to understand the words before Abraham's being of the future time , when the objection was of his being long before ; and to make the answer to be of Abraham under a spiritual consideration , when the objection was of him as the natural Progenitour of the Jews , and of Christ in respect of his Office or Imployment , when the objection was of his natural duration , which had been contrary to Christs manner of teaching , averring and vindicating his speeches : For though sometimes he answer obliquely , and teach by consequences , leaving his auditors to consider his words , yet still his replies are solid , pertinent and convincing . And though the Exposition of some of them have no small difficulty , yet his speeches are not in such an aenigmatical and dark manner as this , by allusion to the Etymology or derivation of a Name , when other expressions were obvious : Besides , if Christ did at any time use such dark expressions or manner of answering , yet he cannot be conceived rightly to have done so in this answer , in which his preface , Verily , verily I say unto you , shews his answer to have been direct and plain , and was taken by the Jews in the sense importing his priority of Being , which Christ gainsaid not , and all Interpreters till this last age , have so expounded them . 2. The words cannot by any instance of the like use of them be shewed to have the sense put on them . For however the Aorist may signifie the future time , yet as the occasion , so also Christ's averring his own Being , antecedent to Abraham's , shews it must be understood here of the time past , and be read before Abraham was , not Abraham shall be . And if he had alluded to Abrahams Name changed , he should have said , Before Abraham , shall be Abraham : And the objection being about Christs age , and so the impossibility of his seeing Abraham , the answer is an assertion of his existence , without any thing added : It is granted , that the words , verse 24 , 28. need a supply , yet neither there , nor ver . 58. can the supplement be conceived to be taken from , vers . 12. so as that the meaning should be , unless ye believe that I am the light of the world , ye shall know that I am the light of the world ; Before Abraham was , I am the light of the world . For the words , v. 20. do shew that the speech he made before was interrupted , and he began a new conference with them , verse 21. and therefore the supplement to be added , v. 24 , 28. is more likely to be from verse 23. Unless ye believe that I am from above , ye shall know that I am from above , in which verses the particle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that shews it to be an object of Faith , which requires something to be known and believed besides his Being , which was obvious to their senses ; But ver . 58. the particle is not , nor any thing required of them ; but there 's a plain and direct assertion of his Being without any other supplement ; Nor is there any difficulty in expounding I am , by I was , the present tense being like manner used for the time past , John 6. 24. and 14. 9. and 15. 27. and , as Grotius well observes , there is the like expression in the Greek , Psal. 90. 2. Before the Mountains were brought forth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 thou art , that is , thou wast , noting time past continued , and therefore by the Syriack Interpreter , and No●●us his Paraphrase , rightly it is rendered John 8. 58. Before Abraham was born I was ; Nor is it unlikely that he used this expression in the sense in which it is said by God , Isa. 43. 10. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I am he , to which John 13. 19. is consonant : The word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is neither Joh. 17. 5. nor Revel . 13. 8. and that neither are understood of Gods Decre● , is shewed in the next Section , Vide Plac. disp . 11. § . 21. &c. SECT . 8. Christs being before the World was , is proved from John 17. 5. TO these passages in the Gospel of St. John for confirmation of the same thing , I shall adde the words of Christ in his prayer to his Father , John 17. 5. And now , O Father , glorifie thou me with thine own self , with the glory which I had before the world was with thee ; which words do evince , that Christ had glory with his Father before the world was , which is the description of Eternity , Psal. 90. 2. Prov. 8. 23 , 25. whence it follows , that before the world was , Christ had a Being in glory with his Father , which could be no other than his Divine Nature , as he was Son of God , and therefore is to be acknowledged to be begotten of the substance of the Father before the world was . To this it is answered , that the glory here is not Divine Majesty , but glory of immortality and honour to him as man , such glory as was given to him , verse 24. and which he saith he had given to his Disciples , ver . 22. as it is said , 2 Tim. 1. 9. that God had saved them , and called them with an holy calling , not according to their works , but according to his own purpose and grace , which was given them in Christ Jesus , before the world began ; to wit in Gods predestination . And in the same respect the Apostle saith , 2 Cor. 5. 1. We have a building of God , an house not made with hands eternal in the Heavens , Heb. 10. 34. That they had in Heaven a better and enduring substance , in the sense in which Christ is said to be fore-ordained before the foundation of the world , 1 Pet. 1. 20. to be the Lamb s●ain from the beginning of the world ; So Believers are said to have everlasting life , John 3. 36. & 5. 24. 1 John 5. 12 , 13. not in possession but predestination . To which I reply that it is somewhat difficult to explain what the glory is with which Christ prayes his Father to glorifie him , and how he would have him glorifie him , by reason of the various meanings of the term glory and waies of Gods glorifying . The Petition implies it was such glory as he had before the world was , now had not : This may be best understood by considering how he had it with the Father before the world was ? Two waies are conceived , one by actual possession , the other by predestination or fore-ordaining : For the former , and against the latter are these Reasons . 1. From the tense , [ which I had ] in the preterimperfect tense , which if meant of having in purpose only it should be , which I have with thee , sith Gods purpose or fore-appointment was still the same . 2. Which reason is strengthened from the time , now glorifie me , which intimates he had it not then ; but he was then glorified in purpose . 3. Before the World was , which shews when he had it , and how he would have it again , but he doth not petition to have it again only in purpose , but in actual possession . 4. He desires that he may have that glory with his Father 's own self . which he had with him : Now with his Father 's own self , in the one part must be meant of his Presence , and that in Heaven , as when it is said , 1 John 2. 1. We have an Advocate with the Father , that is , in his presence in Heaven , therefore also in the other part , with thee , cannot be meant , in thy Purpose , but in thy Presence in Heaven . 5. Christ had the glory with his Father before the world was in a peculiar manner , such ●s none of the Elect have , with such love before the foundation of the world , as was singular , verse 24. But , if it were no more than in purpose had by him , it was no otherwise , then all the Elect had it before the world was , therefore he had it in actual possession with peculiar imbracing and delight , as John 1. 18. and 3. 35. Prov. 8. 30. 6. There is no place of Scripture , wherein such an expression of our having , as here , is meant of having only by Gods purpose for the future in predestination . The giving , John 17. 24. is not to be understood of an intention for the future , but a present actual collation . The giving , 2 Tim. 1. 9. of grace is not meant of Gods purpose but donation according to his purpose , which donation was by grant , or promise as it is expressed , Tit. 1. 2. where and 2 Tim. 1. 9. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is not well rendered before the world began , but before the times of ages , noting the times of the ages following the creation , and should be so rendered , Rom. 16. 25. as the parallel places , Ephes. 3. 9. Col. 1. 26. do shew , and so the giving of the grace , 2 Tim. 1. 9. is most likely meant of the Promise made , Gen. 3. 15. as Dr. Twisse conceives Vindic. grat . l. 1. part . 1. sect . 4. digress . 2. c. 5. However though the grace of God might be said to be given in Gods purpose , yet not Christ be said to have had glory in Gods purpose , because giving notes only the act of the donor , but having the act of the possessour , 2 Cor. 5. 1. the having a building not made with hands , cannot be meant of having in Gods purpose , for it is consequent on the dissolving of the earthly house of this Tabernacle , to which , having in Gods purpose is antecedent , and therefore notes actual possession , the present tense being put for the future , as Grotius rightly notes , Heb. 10. 34. The having , cannot be meant of having in God's purpose , it being having in your selves , or your selves , and therefore must be understood of possession for the future , by the same enallage , or of right , or assurance for the present , or of present possession , though not full possession , John 3. 36. & 5. 24. 1 John 5. 12 , 13. Believers are said to have eternal life , not by predestination only , afore the person is in being , but by real actual possession , inchoate and continued , though not consummate , as appears by the expressions Iohn 5. 24. and cometh not into condemnation , but is passed from death into life , 1 John 3. 14. We know that we have passed from death to life , opposite to verse 15. We know that no murderer hath eternal life abiding in him , and John 3. 36. shall not see life , but the wrath of God abideth on him , 1 Pet. 1. 20. shews not what Christ had , but how he was fore-known , Revel . 13. 8. From the beginning of the world may as well or better be joyned to written as it is Revel . 21. 27. than to s●ain , Iohn 17. 24. doth not prove , that Christ had the glory mentioned , verse 5. only in purpose before the foundation of the world , but rather the contrary . For the love there is a love not onely of benevolence , but also of complacency and delight , as Iohn 1. 18. and 3. 35. Prov. 8. 30. and so supposeth his being before the world was , and the possession of his glory , which he now desires to repossess ; which cannot be his Divine Essence , for that he was never emptied of , nor his Humane Excellency , for that he had not in being before the world was ; but the state and condition of a Son , of which he emptied himself , taking the form of a Servant , Phil. 2. 7. that riches which he had before he became poor for our sake , 2 Cor. 8. 9. which was not the relation of Sonship to God , for that he still had in his lowest debasement , but the enjoyment of the pleasure he had with his Father in his Presence , which was in some sort with-held from his person while he was on Earth , and the exercise of command and empire over Angels afore the world was compleated ( if the Angels were created in any of the former daies of the first Creation ) and which he now laid aside , and was to pray to his Father for the Angels Ministry ; Either of which , or any other ( which we know not of ) communicable in its proportion to our condition with him , according to the words , Iohn 17. 22 , may be the glory which he prayes for , Iohn 17. 5. to repossesse , and enjoy with his Father after the finishing of the work he gave him to do on Earth , verse 4. into which he came to glorifie his Father , humbling himself therein really , and therefore would be really re-glorified with his Father 's own self ; and not only in manifestation to men , as he had it really with him before the world was . SECT . 9. Col. 1. 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17. Is urged to prove the God-head of Christ. TO those foregoing Texts in the Gospel of St. Iohn , I shall next adjoyn the words of the Apostle Paul , Colos. 1. 12 , 13 , 14. 15 , 16 , 17. where he mentions his thanksgiving to the Father , who had translated the Colossians into the Kingdom of his dear son , or of his love , who is the image of the invisible God , the first-born of every Creature . For in or by him were all things created that are in Heaven , and that are in Earth , visible and invisible , whether they be Thrones , or Dominions , or Principalities , or Powers ; all things were created by him , and for him , and he is before all things , and by him all things consist . Whence I thus argue : He who is the Son of the Fathers love , the Image of the invisible God , the first-born of every creature , in or by whom all things were created that are in Heaven , and that are in Earth visible and invisible , whether they be Thrones or Dominions , or Principalities or Powers , by whom , and for whom all things were created , who is before all things , and by whom all things consist , was before any creature , was made , begotten of the substance of his Father , not made of nothing ; very God of very God , of the same substance with the Father , by whom all things were made . But such was Jesus Christ : Therefore , &c. The minor is the express words of the Text : But the major proposition is denied : and for a reason of the denial , it is said ; 1. That he is termed the Image of the invisible God , not as a Child that is begotten by natural generation is the substantial Image of his Father of the same substance ; But as he resembles God in his Wisdom and Power , and excellent Holiness of Life ; wonderful Revelation of the Mysteries of his Counsel , and the great works he did , as the man , in respect of his Superiority and Authority over the woman , is said to be the Image and Glory of God , 1 Cor. 11. 7. or as Dr. Hammond's Paraphrase is , in whom God who is invisible is to be seen , and his will clearly declared by the Gospel ( so that ●e that seeth him , seeth the Father , Joh. 14. 9. ) which is confirmed by the words following , ver . 10 , 11. Believest thou not that I am in the Father , and the Father in me ? the words that I speak unto you , I speak not of my self , but the Father that dwelleth in me , he doth the works : Believe me that I am in the Father , and the Father in me ; or else believe me for the very works sake : Which words make Christ to be in the Father , and the Father in him , whereby the Father is to be seen , and so he is his Image , in his Words and Works . Conformable to the same sense are the words of Christ , Iohn 5. 19 , 20 , 30 , &c. 2. That he is termed the first-born of every creature , and therefore is of the rank of creatures , as the first-born is taken , Heb. 11. 28. as man , the first-born among many brethren , Rom. 8. 29. or as it is Rev. 1. 5. the first-born from the dead , and the Prince of the Kings of the Earth . The first ( saith Grotius annot . on the place ) in the Creation , to wit , the new , of which , 2 Cor. 5. 17. Rev. 21. 5. Heb. 2. 5. more amply Dr. Hammond in his annot . on Col. 1. 15. saith thus : The word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , beside the ordinary notion of first-born ( which cannot so well here refer to Christs eternal generation , because of that which is added to it , the first-born of every Greature , which only gives him a precedence before all other Creatures , and doth not attribute eternity to him ) is used sometimes for a Lord , or person in power , who hath the priviledge of the first-born , dominion over all his brethren , and according to this notion ' ●is used commonly in Scripture , for a Prince , or principal person , So Psal. 89. 27. David is called the first-born of the Kings of the Earth , i. e. the most glorious among them ; and Job 18. 13. we have the first-born of death . And so among the Civilians , haeres , Heir , signifies dominus , Lord , Justinian Instit. l. 2. tit . 19. de hae●●d . qualit . & diffe . § . ult . And thus may it fitly be a title of Christ in●arnate , in respect of his power over his Church , the key of the house of David is laid upon him : But it is possible it may peculiarly refer to his Resurrection , in which he was the first-born from the dead , verse 18. the first which from the grave was raised and exalted to Heaven , and being so risen , all Power was given unto him , in Heaven and in Earth . 3. That Thrones and Dominions , Principalities and Powers , th●ngs Visible and Invisible , in Heaven and Earth ; all things may be meant of Jews and Gentiles : These several titles here rehearsed , saith Dr. Hammond Annot. on Col. 1. 16. may possibly be no more but the expressions of several degrees of dignity among men ; So Thrones may denote Kings , or Monarchs and Princes , Dominions ( or Lordships ) may be the Reguli , the honours ( whether of Dukes or Earls ) next under Princes ; Principalities , the praefects of Provinces and Cities ; and Powers , inferiour Magistrates ; and if so , then may they be here set down to denote all sorts and conditions of men in the Gentile world , by the chief dignities among them here on Earth . And Annot. on Col. 1. 20. And in the like phrase verse 16. All things that are in the Heavens , and on the Earth , shall signifie no more than what is in other places expressed by the world , as 2 Cor. 5. 19. The creation , the whole creation , or all creatures , the whole world of creation , or the whole world without restriction , which signifie all the Gentile world in opposition to the Jewish enclosure ; not all the creatures absolutely , but all men of all Nations . 4. That verse 16. is to be understood of the new Creation mentioned , 2 Cor. 5. 17. Ephes. 2. 10 , 13. and 3. 9. and 4. 24. Jam. 1. 18. The things which go before , saith Grotius Annot. ad Col. 1. 16. shew these things meant of Christ , which is the name of a man ; more rightly is [ were created ] here interpreted were ordained , go● a certain new state ; Angels to Men , Men among themselves were reconciled under Christ ; Others that Angels were reformed as being brought to a new state of acknowledging the Lord Jesus Christ as their Lord , and acting at his beck as being Gods instrument for the bringing of that reformation to pass , and therefore it is said they were all created in him and by him , as the mediate cause . 5. That Christ is said to be before all things , is meant of the new Creation , and that in respect of Dignity , not of Time. 6. That in him all the new Creation consists , or are reformed . SECT . 10. The proof of Christs God-head from Col. 1. 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17. is vindicated from exceptions . 1. I Reply , It is true that in respect of other resemblances than of his Father's person according to his D●vine Nature Christ might be termed the Image of the invisible God , yet in this place he is not said to be the Image of the Invisible God in respect of his Office as declaring his Counsel , or representing his Power and holy Qualities by his Conversation and Works ; but as Adam's Son is said to be begotten in his own likeness after his image , Gen. 5. 3. may be proved by these Reasons . 1. Because his being the Image of God is an●ecedent to the Creation ; verse 16. therefore he was the Image of the invisible ▪ God before it , and consequently , in respect of his Divine Nature . 2. What Christ was to his Church is expressed after ver . 18 , 19 20. therefore v. 15. 16 , 17. what he was and did in respect of his Divine Nature , it being not to be conceived that he would repeat that ver . 18 , 19 , 20. which he had said before , ver . 15 , 16 , 17. 3. An Embassadour , though he represents his Princes Counsels , yet is not said to be his Image , an Image being a resemblance of a Person , not of his Counsels . 4. It is not said , that Christ was the Image of the invisible God to us , but is the Image of the invisible God absolutely and simply even then when he was not on earth to declare Gods will , and therefore shews what he is in himself throughout all Generations . No● is it of any force which is urged : that because he is said to be the Image of the invisible God , therefore he must be a visible Image ; Fo● man that was made after the Image of the invisible God , and is renewed after his Image , as Ephes. 4. 24. Col. 3 , 10. is not after Gods Image in respect of any visible Resemblance , but in respect of Wisdom , Holiness and Righteousness of Truth , which are invisible qualities . 2. If the reading which Isidor Pelusiota insists on Epist. l. 3 , Epist. 31. be right , that it should be read 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , the first bringer forth of every creature , not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the first-born of every creature , which may seem probable , because it is said verse 16. For by him were all things created , and so it should note not passively his birth , but actively his causality , in which he is said to be the beginning of the Creation of God , Rev. 3. 14. where 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 princip●um , or the beginning notes not termination of time , or initiation , but signifies ●fficiency ; as when we say from the Latins , the principle of a thing . as Col. 1. 18. the word is used ( of which more may be seen in Sixtin●s Amama Antibarb . Biblic . l. 3. ) the answer were easie , that though he be said to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 yet he is not in the rank of creatures , which the Arians did object from this place . But however Erasmus like it , yet Beza rejects it , for reasons set down by him , Annot. ad Col. 1. 15. which though they be not all allowed by Heinsius Exercit. sacr . l. 12. c. 1. yet the reading not agreeing with most Copies , nor necessary , that answer is not to be insisted on . That other sense which Beza and others embrace , [ he is said to be the first-born of every creature ; that is , he that was born before any creature , conceiving in answer to the Hebrew verb , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , it may be as well applied to the Fathers generation as the Mothers bearing , and so it be all one , as the begotten before all th● creatures ] would pass for current , if there were an example of so using the word as including the preposition governing the Genitive Case , and referring to the Fathers act of generation : In which methinks there should not be much difficulty , sith James ▪ 1. 18. the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which we render hath begotten , and is the act of the Father of lights , verse 17. and so notes the Fathers act of generation usually , and most properly signifies the act of the Mother bringing forth , who is said therefore to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Luke 2. 5. when she is great with Child , and is used James 1. 15. as of the same sense with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , bringeth forth and so rendered . And when Christ is said , Col. 1. 18. to be the first-born from the dead , or Revel . 1. 5. the first-begotten of , or from the dead , the act of the Father in raising him from the dead is implied , to which his resurrection is ascribed , Acts 2. 30 , 32. and 3. 15. and 4. 10. and 5. 30. and 10. 40. Rom. 6. 4. 1 Cor. 6. 14. Ephes. 1. 20. Gal. 1. 1. and herein St. Paul doth in some sort place his ●egetting of Christ , when he said , Acts. 13. 32 , 33. God hath fulfilled the Promise made unto the Fathers unto us their Children , in that he hath raised up Jesus again ; as it is also written in the second Psalm , Thou ar● my Son , this day have I begotten thee . And although the preposition from , be in those places because of the change or translation from the dead , yet the term first noting priority must needs include also the preposition before , as it doth manifestly , John 1. 15. so that it is easie to conceive this to be the meaning , he was the first begotten before all the creation , or every creature , and therefore the Image of the invisible God , and he by whom , and for whom all things were created ; which cannot be meant of his rising from the dead , sith that is mentioned ver . 18. and this title is put before his creating of all things , ver . 16. and as the reason of it : But must be meant of his generation before all times out of the substance of the Father , by which eternity is given to him , the precedency in being before all the creation , being in Scripture language all one with Eternity . And so Christ will not be put in the rank of creatures made out of nothing , but the word is to be taken negatively , as the word first applied to God , Revel . 1. 11. which is expounded , Isa. 44. 6. I am the first , and I am the last , and besides me there is no God , or Isa. 43. 10. Before me there was no God formed , neither shall there be after me . And when the Law appointed the first-born male to be Gods , Exod. 13. 2. Numb . 8. 16. by the first-born was understood that which opened the womb though no other were born after , as the Mother of Christ understood the Law , Luke 2. 22 , 23. who is called her first-born , notwithstanding she had-no other , Mat. 1. 25. But if this exposition of the Title [ the first born of every Creature ] be not received , but that it note only Christs dominion or inheritance of every creature , yet will this sense prove his Generation before all Creatures , and his being exempt from the rank of creatures , sith the reason of his being the first-born of every creature , and so Lord or Heir of them , is ver . 16. Because by him and for him they were all created , which must needs prove that he is not one of the creatures , sith he created all things , therefore not himself created , and he must needs have a being before every creature by whom , all were created , and confequently was begotten before all time . Nor can this title be applied to Christ as man or incarnate as if it , noted that he was first in the new Creation or ▪ in respect of his power over his Church : For ▪ John Baptist , Luke 1. 15. was before him in the New creation in time , and it is no● said he was designed or appointed to be the first-born of every creature , but that he is the first-born , not made the first-born of them , but he by whom all were created ; nor can the Church peculiarly be meant by every creature , or the new Creation , sith it is not said of the Creation , or of the new Creation , but of every Creature , even those that are invisible , as verse 16. shews ; And therefore he cannot be said to be the first-born of every creature as the first-born of man is , because the Angels are some of the creatures , verse 16. but not of the same kind with man. 3. That by Thrones , and Dominions , and Principalities and Powers , verse 16. are not meant several degrees of dignity among men , and no more , may appear , not only as Dr. Hammond saith , because they may also signifie the several degrees of Angels , and because there follows mention of visible and invisible , and the Angels may most probably be contained by the latter of them , as this lower world of men by the former , and because it is the creation that is here referred t● , and the creating of Angels as well as men , &c. belongs truely to Christ as God , therefore it will be most reasonable in this place to interpret it in the greater extent to comprehend Angels and Men too , the highest and most eminent of both sorts : But also because it is necessary for these Reasons . 1. Because these terms do elsewhere signifie in the same Apostles writings , invisible beings , powers of the world to come , Ephes. 1. 21. Principal●ties and Powers in Heavenly places , Ephes. 3. 10. Spiritual beings in High or Heavenly places , opposed to flesh and blood , Ephes. 6. 12. Angels , Principalities and Powers , are reckoned among the most potent beings of most force to separate us from the love of God , Rom. 8. 38. Angels , and Authorities and Powers are said to be subject to Christ now on the right-hand of God , 1 Pet. 3. 22. Nor can the spoiling of Principalities and Powers be understood otherwise than as Dr. Hammond's own Paraphrase of Col. 2. 15. explains it , of devesting the evil Spirits of their power , Grotius Annot. ad Eph. 1. 21. Intelligunt quidam de imperiis terrenis . Sed locus Col. 1. 16. & quod in his infra est , 3. 10. evincit agi hic de eximiis Angelorum clasibus . Similis ordinum distinctio etiam in Satanae Regn● infra , 6. 12. 1 Cor. 15. 24. Rom. 8. 38. 2. If by them Angels were not meant , there should be no invisible beings said to be created , Col. 1. 16. whereas the distributive particle [ whether ] is put next after invisible , to shew the Thrones , Dominions , Principalities , Powers to be invisible beings . 3. Several degrees of Dignity and Rule among men , neither in this Epistle , nor elsewhere , are said to be things in Heaven , or Invisible . 4. Angels may be said to be reconciled , Col. 1. 20. and gathered together into one with the Church , Ephes. 1. 10. Christs blood reconciling the Gentiles to God by expiating their Idolatry , and so reducing them to God , and thereby to the good Angels , who rejoyce at their conversion , Luke 15. 7 , 10 , observe their order in their Church meetings , 1 Cor. 11. 10. are their Angels , Mat. 18. 10. But it could not be said in S. Paul's time , when he wrote to the Colossians , that the Rulers on Earth were created by , and for Christ , that is , reformed and made new creatures in Christ , they were not brought to the obedience of the Gospel by Christ , but were enemies to it , Acts 4. 27. 1 Cor. 1. 26. James 2. 6 , 7 ▪ nor were they ordered by Christ according to the meaning of the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by us translated Ordinance , Heb. 9. 11. 1 Pet. 2. 13. that is , constituted or appointed by Christ as Mediatour in order to his Church for their help , in St. Paul's time ; and therefore cannot be said to be created in the sense some would expound creation , Col. 1. 16. and meant by Thrones , Dominions , Principalities and Powers . 4. Hence also may appear that no other sense but of the Creation at first out of nothing , can be rightly meant by the creating , Col. 1. 16. For the words are general , including all things simply , and that twice expressed , which shews it comprehends all things universally that were created ; and left any thing should be excepted , there 's a threefold division . 1. Of things in Heaven , and things on the Earth . 2. Of visible and invisible . 3. Of the invisible Thrones , Dominions , Principalities , and Powers . Of which Principalities , the unclean Spirits are a part , Col. 2. 15. Ephes. 6. 12. who cannot be said to be reformed , or constituted , or appointed by Christ in the sense , in which creation is taken , either Eph. 2. 10. Jam. 1. 18. 〈◊〉 Cor. 5. 17 , Gal. 6. 15. or Heb. 9. 11. 1 Pet. 2. 13. In the good Angels nothing was to be reformed , or new created ; in the evil nothing was , nor were they , o● other things constituted , or ordained by Christ as man ; nor is it true , that all things in Earth were reformed , or constituted for the Church . And for the New Creation , which consists in renovation of mind , it was done in many before Christs Incarnation , Ezek. 36. 26. Psal. 51. 12. and therefore that Creation cannot be meant , when it is said , All things were created by Jesus Christ , by them who suppose him not to have been afore his Incarnation . Lastly , Neither is there any place brought by them , by which it may be proved , that the work of Creation absolutely put is meant of renovation , or reformation , meant by the New Creation : Nor do the particles 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 translated by him , prove Christ only a mediate or instrumental cause of the Creation . For it is said of him , who is the principal cause , Rom. 11. 36. All things are of him , and by him , and for him , as Col. 1. 16. and therefore the particles note a principal concurrent or consociate cause : And the particle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by or through is applied to God the Father , Gal. 1. 1. Heb. 2. 10. and in is used as by , Heb. 1. 1. and applied to God , Acts 17. 28. yet it is not to be denied , that there is a priority in the Father to the Son in respect of being , not of time , but original , as Bishop Davenant saith , Com. on Col. 1. 15. Christ hath principium originis , a beginning of original , to wit , his Father from whom he was begotten , but not a beginning of time , or to use Dr. Pearsons words in his Exposition of the first Article of the Creed , p. 36. of the second Edition , the Father hath that essence of himself , the Son by communication from the Father . From whence he acknowledgeth that he is from him , John 7. 29. that he liveth by him , John 6. 57. that the Father gave him to have life in himself , and generally referreth all things as received from him ; so as that the Father is by the Antients termed the fountain , root , authour , origin , head , cause of the Son and the whole Divinity , p. 41. whence the Son is termed in the Nicene Creed ; God of God , very God of very God , light of light , and this origination in the Divine Paternity , hath antiently been looked upon as the assertion of the Unity : and therefore the Son and Holy Ghost have been believed to be but one God with the Father , because both from the Father , who is one , and so the Union of them . For if there were more than one , which were from none it could not be denied , but there were more Gods than one , p. 44. And answerably here●o there is an order in the operations of the Father and the Son , so as that there is a priority , if not in some sense a majority in the Father , whom some of the Antients , cited by Dr. Pearson , p. 37. understand to be greater than Christ as the Son of God , John 14. 28. with reference not unto his Essence , but his Generation , by which he is understood to have his being from his Father , who only hath it of himself , and is the original of all Power and essence in the Son , and consequently some preheminence in working ▪ whence Christ saith , I can of mine own self do nothing ; The Son can do nothing of himself , but what he seeth the Father do : for what things soever he doth , these also doth the Son likewise , which intimate a priority of order in the Fathers operation , if not a dependance of the Son on him therein . And so as Mr. Gataker in his Advers . mis●el . c. 17. saith from Col. 1. 16. Christ both in making the world , as also in instructing his Church is said to exhibit ministery to God the Father , and the Father by him to have performed and to perform both those things , Heb. 1. 2. in which place he is said to have spoken to his people 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by his Son , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by whom also he made the worlds . 5. Christs priority in dignity is expressed before verse 15. where he is said to be the first-born of every creature , and in respect of the Church , vers . 18. where he is termed the head of the body the Church , that in a 〈…〉 things he might have the preheminence : therefore he is said to be before all things , ver . 17. in time , and that not only before Angels , but all things created , it being 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the same latitude with all things , v. 16. and that not only in the New Creation , for so he was not in time before David , Psal. 51. 10. John Baptist , who was filled with the Holy Ghost even from his Mothers womb , Luke 1. 15. but in respect of the first Creation . 6. The consistence of all things by Christ , is to be understood of all things created , ver . 16. and not only things belonging to the new Creation , and of a consistence by sustaining and preserving all things simply by his power and providence , as it is said , 2 Pet. 3. 〈◊〉 . By the Word of God the Heavens were of old , and the Earth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 consisting , which is no where meant of Evangelical reformation , but of powerful sustentation , as Heb. 1. 2 , 3. To which I pass SECT 11. Heb. 1. 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , are urged to prove the assertion of Christs God-head . THe same Articles of Faith concerning Christ are confirmed from Heb. 1. where Christ distinct from the Prophets , is termed the Son of God , whom he appointed Heir of all things , by whom also he made the Worlds , verse 1. 2. being the brightness of his glory , and the express Image of his person , and upholding all things by the Word of his power , verse 3. by so much being more excellent , or better than the Angels , by how much he inherited a more excellent name than they , verse 4. of whom God said that which he said not of the Angels , thou art my Son , this day have I begotten thee ; And again , I will be to him a Father , and he shalt be to me a Son ; And again , when he bringeth in the first-begotten into the world , he saith , And let all the Angels of God worship him , verse 5 , 6. Unto the Son , or of the Son he saith , thy Throne O God is for ever and ever : a Scepter of Righteousness is the Scepter of thy Kingdom , thou hast loved righteousness and hated iniquity ; therefore God even thy God hath annointed thee with the oyl of gladness above thy follows : And thou Lord , in the beginnings hast laid the foundation of the Earth ; and the Heavens are the work of thy hands : They shall perish , but thou remainest , they all shall wax old as doth a garment , and as a vesture shalt thou sold them up , and they shall be changed , but thou art the same , and thy years shall not fail . But to which of the Angels said he at any time , sit on my right hand , until I make thine Enemies thy Foot-stool ? verse 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13. Whence I argue , He , of whom all these things are said , was before any creature was made , begotten of the substance of the Father , not made of nothing , very God , of the same substance with the Father , by whom all things were made : But of Jesus Christ all these things are said , therefore , &c. The minor proposition is the express words of the Text , but the major is denied ; and as a reason of the denial , it is said . 1. That Christ is said to be the Son , the first-begotten , this day begotten in respect of his Incarnation , Resurrection , Exaltation as before . 2. That he was the brightness of his glory , Ray or Beam of Gods Majesty , that in Christ men might have a kind of sight of Gods Majesty , that he was the express Image of his person in respect of his qualities resembling his Father , the latter words interpreting the former . For God did as it were imprint his person on Christ , that Christ might be his Substitute upon earth to personate , represen● and resemble the person of God ; to be in wisdom as God , by publishing the Mysteries and secrets of God , and by knowing the thoughts of men , and discovering them ; to be in holiness as God without all stain of sin , to be in power as God , having dominion over all Gods Creatures , over Winds , Seas , Devils . 3. That he was brought into the world , not as being before the world , but being in the world was sent as the great Prophet of the Church among men , or at his Resurection he was raised from the dead , and brought into the world , or it is to be applied to his great exaltation at the last day , when he shall be brought into the world to come , as it is termed , Heb. 2. 5. which refers to Heb. 1. 6. and so without trajection the word [ again ] shall be read as it stands in the Greek Text , and the verb of the second Aorist of [ bringing into ] be read as of the future time , not as the vulgar , Beza , our translation , of the time past , and [ again ] noting another citation out of the Psalms : And therefore Mr. Mede in his opus●ula Latina in answer to Ludovicus de Dieu , would have our English version corrected thus [ And when he bringeth again the first-begotten into the world ] or shall bring , &c. For what things are from thence cited out of the Book of Psalms to the end of the Chapter [ concerning the adoration of Angels , the Scepter of the rectitude of God , the changing the World , the treading of enemies under his feet ] all , if we believe the Apostle , are to be referred to the second coming of Christ. To which agree Cameron resp . ad quaest . in Heb. 1. 6. Heinsius exercit . sac . l. 16. c. 1. Dr. Homes Resur . revealed . l. 3. c. 2. &c. 4. That he inherited or possessed a more excellent Name than the Angels by grant from his Father , being appointed Heir of all things , not by vertue of his generation before the world , but because of his office , by reason of which the Angels were to worship him , as Peter did Christ as man , Luke 5. 8. and all the Disciples , Luke 24. 52. 5. That he was God by Office , and not by Nature ; as it appears in that God is said to be his God , he to be annointed by God with the oyl of gladness , and others his fellows , ver . 8 , 9. 6. Grotius would have , ver . 2. read , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for whom , not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by whom ; But if it be to be read by whom , it is meant of the new world , not of the Heavens and Earth , or Ages , or Times of this world : And v. 10 , 11 , 12. are but accommodated to him in respect of his dissolving the world , and duration of his Kingdom , not in respect of the Eternity of his person , or operation in the first Creation . 7. That 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is translated upholding is to be translated ruling with the word , that is at the command of his Father , mannaging all things as personating his Father , and following his command . Gr 〈…〉 in his Annotation on the place , saith thus : The manuscripts in which those Grammatical spirits are distinguished , have also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ( his , the Fathers , not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 his own , as we read it ) and so reads Cyril in his 8th . against Julian ; The sense is , Christ governs all things by the Word of his Fathers Power ( that is Command ) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is often to govern , and which Chrysostom here adds , with some easiness . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 appears to be put for command , Luke 5. 5. and Heb. 11. 3. So also 1 Kings 1. 27. more to the same purpose hath Heinsius Exercit. sacr . l. 16. c. 1. and Dr. Hammond in his annot . on Heb. 1. 3. The Hebrew 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifies two things , fero to bear , and rego to rule , and from the latter of them it is , that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is the ordinary word for a Prince ; Agreeably to this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ] which is sometimes the rendering of the Hebrew 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , as Numb . 11. 14. Deut. 1. 9. may accordingly signifie , to Rule , to Govern , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to Administer , as a Commander , or Governour , or Procurator of a Province , and so 't is here taken , to denote the Regal Power of Christ , to which he is advanced by his Resurrection . 8. That verse 13. is spoken of Christ as man exalted to sit on Gods ●igh●-hand . SECT . 12. The Argument from Heb. 1. 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13. is vindicated from Exceptions . TO the first I reply , that none of those reasons are sufficient to verifie the titles given to Christ , Rom. 8. 32. where he is termed Gods own Son 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 proper or peculiar to him . John 3. 16. his only begotten Son , and here the Son , verse 2. as is before shewed Sect. in reply to the 9th . Exception : By the same Arguments the Reasons also of the nameless Authour of the Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews , intituled The expiation of a Sinner are shewed to be short of what the appellation of the first-born or first-begotten , Heb. 1. 6. imports , whereof the first is , Christ is the first-begotten Son of God , because God begot him before all his other Sons , who are called the Brethren of Christ ; for God first begot Christ , in that manner wherein God is said to beget Sons ; for those he begets whom he assimilates and makes like unto himself , and so Christ was the first that was assimilated , or made like unto God in holiness ; in such holiness as he require in the New Covenant . I reply . 1. This Reason is given without proof , and if allusion be to Rom. 8. 29. neither is it said there that Christ is the first-born by reason of his assimilation to God in holiness before others , nor is the Image of Christ , to which others are conformed , expressed to be in qualities , it is more likely to be in estate and condition , to wit , of glory . 2. Nor is it true , that Christ in this respect is the first-begotten , John Baptist was before him made like unto God in such holiness as he requires in the New Covenant , he was great in the sight of the Lord , and filled with the Holy Ghost , even from his Mothers womb , Luke 1. 15. that I omit to say any thing of Abraham , David , Mary , Simeon , Anna , &c. 2. Secondly , saith he , Christ is the first-begotten of God by his resurrection , because by the power of God he was raised and brought in again from death to an immortal life ; for which he is called the first begotten from the dead , and the first fruits of them that slept , 1 Cor. 15. 20. I Reply . 1. It is true , Christ is said to ●e the first-born , or begotten from the dead , Col. 1. 18. Revel . 1. 5. But Heb. 1. 6. he is termed the first-begotten simply without relation to the dead , and Col. 1. 15. the first-born of every creature , and the reason thereof is , because all things were created by him , verse 16. 2. If this reason were sufficient , Enoch might as well be termed the first-begotten , of whom the Scripture saith , Heb. 11. 5. By Faith Enoch was translated that he should not see death , and was not found , because God had translated him ; for before his translation he had this testimony that he pleased God. Lastly , Saith he , he is the first-begotten in all things , whereby the faithful of Christ become the Sons of God : For Christ hath preceded them all , that ( as St. Paul speaks ) he in all things might have the preheminence , Col. 1. 18. I Reply . 1. What those all things are , in which Christ preceded all the Faithful , whereby they become the Sons of God , is not expressed , not do I think he can give an instance distinct from his Holiness , and Resurrection , except his preaching or fulness of the Spirit ; wherein and in other things it is true , Christ exceeded all the Faithful of Christ ; but no where is he said to be begotten , or the first-begotten by reason hereof , or any other thing besides his generation before the world : Sure Col. 1. 18. there is no such thing said ; though it be true that he is said to be the Head of the Body the Church , who is the beginning , the first-born from the dead , that in all things , or among all he might have the preheminence ; Yet not that therefore he is the first-begotten , but he is termed ver . 15. the first-born of every creature ; and the reason is given , ver . 16 , 17. because all things were created by him and for him , and he is before all things , and by him all things consist ; which she 〈…〉 s his generation before the Creation , and so no time wherein he was not . The reasons of Christs Son-ship from the begetting him the day of his Incarnation , Luke 1. 32. his Sanctification , John 10. 36. his Resurrection , Acts 13. 33. his having all power in Heaven and Earth given him , Mat. 28. 18. his Exaltation to be an immortal and universal Potentate ; though they may be reasons of his Appellation [ the Son of God ] as shewing it , and being consequent on it , yet there is an higher reason shewed before , and confirmed from the titles given him , Heb. 1. 3. 2. The term [ the brightness of Glory ] doth not express what Christ was to others as a Looking-glass ; that had been better expressed by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , than 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , but what he was in himself , and from whom , to wit , his Father , as the Beam from the Sun. And in the same term wisdom is termed in the Book intituled the Wisdom of Solomon , ch . 7. 26. the brightness of the everlasting light , the unspotted myrror of the Power of God , and the Image of his Goodness : And thence it is to be conceived that in the Nicene Creed Christ is termed light of light : 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , saith Sr. Norton Kna●chbul in his animad version on Heb. 1. 3. is as it were 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , in Phavorinus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , the shining out brightness , or splendor , relucency , or as it were beam of Gods Glory , that is his Substance , Nature , or Being , who is light , 1 John. 1. 5. and Glory is often put for Light , 1 Cor. 15. 41. Mat. 17. 2. compared with Luke 9. 32. 2 Pet. 1. 17. which shews that he is said to be the brightness passively as receiving it from his Father , and brightness of his Glory , as having his Glory communicated to him ; not actively , as shining to others : And the same is to be conceived of his being the character of his person passively , as having it engraven on him , not ingraving it on others . The Metaphor is most likely to be from a Seal of a Ring or some other thing by which there is an ingraving of a figure . Now we shall best understand what is meant here by it , if we know what it is that is meant by his Hypostasis , and when it was that he was the character of it : The word comes from a verb that signifies to stand under , or to be settled , and so notes some settled thing , that doth not flinch or vanish , opposed to emphasis or appearance , as Aristotle in his Book of the world ( if it be his ) So the cloud is said to be an Hypostasis , the bow in the cloud but an appearance . Physitians use it for the sediment , or that which settles in the bottom , as in Urine , for the consistence , state or concretion of humours that should be purged . In the Greek of the old Testament it hath many significations , as Deut. 1. 12. your burden is your Hypostasis . Deut. 11. 6. Job 22. 20. that which we read substance , that is goods , is in Greek Hypostasis : A military station , rendered by us a Garrison , is in Aquila's translation , saith Grot. Annot. ad ▪ 1 Reg. 13. 4. Hypostasis . In the Psalms it hath various acceptions , as Psal. 39. 5. my age , verse 7. my hope . Psal. 69. 2. there is no standing . Gr. Hypostasis . Psal. 89. 47. Remember how short my time is , Gr. what my Hypostasis is . Ps. 139. 15. the LXX . reading as it is likely , instead of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which we render was curiously wrought , the word signifying to be wrought with a Needle , either , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as Grotius conceives , or as to me seems likely , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , have rendered it by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Nahum 2. 7. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Latin Et substantia mea , and my substance . In the New Testament it is onely 2 Cor. 9. 4. and 11. 17. where it is rendered by this confidence , that is , subsistence , settledness , or fi●mitude , which being applied to the mind , notes confidence , unshaken boldness , or security , Heb. 3. 14. where we read the beginning of our confidence , used as it is likely , as in the Greek , Psalm . 39. 7. Heb. 11. 1. where it is rendered the substance of things hoped for , by others , the ground , or confidence , I conceive , the assurance or security meant by it : And here , Heb. 1. 3. In none of which places , or any other that I can find , Hypostasis signifies wisdom , power , and holiness , of a person ; and therefore I see not how it can be expounded the character of his Hypostasis , that is the resemblance of his Fathers attributes , or his supremacy or soveraign Majesty ; But that he is as it were the Print , Impression , stamp , or as we translate it , express Image of his Person , or Subsistence , or Substance , which comes nearest to the use of the word , as it is in the Greek version , Psal. 139. 15. and that by reason of his being his Son by whom he made the worlds ; which will be better understood by considering when he was the brightness of his glory , and the express ▪ Image of his person : The participle we translate [ being ] cannot be expounded of being such consequently to his sitting on the right hand of the Majesty in the heights , but antecedently thereunto , and to his bearing or upholding all things by the Word of his Power in order of nature at least , and to his purging our sins in time ; which appears , 1. From the order of the words , he is first said to be the brightness of Glory , the character of his Person , next to bear all things by the Word of his Power , than to have purged our sins by himself , and then to have sate on the right hand of the Majesty on high , therefore he was a●●ecedently to all the rest the brightness of Glory , and character of his Person . 2. The connexion between being the character of his Person , and up-holding all things by the copulative particle shews these were together , but the up-holding all things was before his sitting on the right hand , therefore also the being the character of his Person . 3. Then he was the character of his Person when he purged our sins , but that was before his sitting on the right hand , therefore also was his being the character of his Person . 4. From the use of the participle which is to be interpreted , either of the present or past time , as Heb. 5. 8. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 although he were , Philem. 9. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 being such with many more : whence it follows that these things cannot be said of Christ as man , ●ith as such he up-held not all things by the Word of his Power , but of his Divin● Excellency in which he is a radiature from God , and is the character or print of his Person , before his ascention , or executing his office on Earth : Besides the titles are so transcendent as exceed the Excellency of the Angels , and therefore express the Divine Nature : And the Emphasis is put in them that being so excellent he purged our sins ; And if he had been termed the brightness of Glory , and character of his Fathers Person , only in executing the office of Mediatour , and representing God to us by his preaching , no more had been said , than was verse 2. That God had spoken to us by his Son , and might be said of some of the Prophets , specially Moses who did reveal Gods mind to the people of Israel , with whom God spake face to face , his face did shine and was glorious , represented Gods Majesty , Power , Wisdom , Goodness in bringing Israel out of Egypt , doing Miracles , whence he is said to be made a God to Pharaoh , Exod. 7. 1. 3. Notwithstanding the opinion of so learned men , yet I conceive the bringing into the world is not a thing fu●ure to be done at the last day for these reasons . 1. Because if the verb 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 migh be expounded as of the future time ( the contrary whereof seems true to me ) yet the verb 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith must be expounded of a time past , and the sense be this , when he did bring his first-begotten into the world he said ; And let all the Angels of God worship him . 2. Because a determination or purpose concerning a thing future had not been a fit argument to prove his present meliority or superiority above Angels . 3. If it had been meant of a future bringing into the world I conceive he would have said , into the world to come , as he speaks , Heb. 2. 5. and 6. 5. 4. Because where he u●eth the like expression , though not the same words , to wit , Heb. 10. 5. when he cometh into the world he saith , it is meant of the time when he had a body prepared for him , which was at his birth : For which reason , and because we find not any mention of the Angels of God worshipping after his Resurrection , as we find done , Luke 2. 13. it is ●o be applied to the time of his Birth ; and if it be objected that he was not to be worshipped by the Angels till his exalting at the right hand of God , as Rev. 7. 10 , 11. the contrary is to be held , ●ith the Wise-men , Mat. 2. 11. Peter , Luke 5. 8. the Apostles , Mat. 28. 17. Luke 24. 52. worshipped Christ ; and no doubt but the Angels did and were to do the like . As for the words Heb. 2. 5. that they referre to Heb. 1. 6. and so Heb. 1. 6. meant of the world to come , because no where else had he spoken of the world to come , I conceive they do not evince what is gathered from them . 1. Because he doth not say , Heb. 2. 5. of which we have , but of which we do speak . 2. If he did say , of which we have spoken , it might very well refer to Heb. 1. 12. which mentions the change of the Heavens and Earth , which are the same thing with the world to come , though the same word be not used in both places : For which reasons I conceive it better to make a transposition in the word again , and to expound the words thus ; Again he saith , when he did bring his first-begotten into the world , using again as he did verse 5. to express another citation ; Nevertheless , were Mr. Medes reading yielded , it must shew a former bringing into the vvorld , and so a being of Christ afore his coming into the world , and consequently his being the Son of God begotten before the world began . 4. It is true Christ had a more excellent name by grant as appointed Heir of all things , yet was not the Son of God because Heir of all things , but Heir of all things because his Son , by whom he made the worlds , v. 1. 2. which is the reason also given , Col. 〈◊〉 . 15 , 16. as the particle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because shews : It is true the Angels were to worship Christ , because of his office , and his exaltation , yet not barely because of his office and exaltation , but also because of his generation , as the Son of God , and the union of his two Natures in one Person , by reason of which he was worshipped afore his Resurrection , Mat. 2. 11. in his minority . 5. Jesus Christ is not termed God in respect of his office , but nature , as being the Son of God the Creatour , by whom he made the worlds , ver . 2. and in respect of his generation , God the Father is said to be his God , and he God of God , as in the Nicene Creed . And being made a man was anointed , and other men were his fellows , or Partakers with him , though not in the same measure as he , who had the Spirit without measure , Job . 3● 34. 6. Grotius his change is without any warrant of Copy or Example , and therefore is too bold an alteration to be allowed ; nor had the Apostles assertion of Christ , that for him he made the worlds , been so full to his purpose to set out Christs Excellency , as to say , that by him he made the worlds : Besides , sith Col. 1. 16. it is said , by him were all things created , and for him , and that made the reason of his being the first-born of every creature , ver . 15. it is in like manner to be conceived , Heb. 1. 2. that 〈◊〉 appointed his Son Heir of all things , because by him he made the worlds : By the worlds is not meant the future world , or blessed immortality , not the making them , the renewing of them ; But the worlds signifie either the frame of Heaven and Earth at first Creation , or the times and generations of men , and their making the creating at the beginning of time , or the forming and continuing of them in their successions . The former sense of making Heaven and Earth , and their Inhabitants , as it is confirmed by the parallel place , Col. 1. 16. so it is put out of doubt by the words of the same Authour , Heb. 11. 3. By Faith we understand that the worlds ( the word used , Heb. 1. 2. ) were framed by the Word of God , so that things which are seen were not made of things appearing , which doth evidently refer to Gen. 1. 1 , 2. and Heb. 9. 26. the end of the worlds , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is opposed to the foundation of the world ; and in conformity to this sense 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 John 9. 32. is as much as from the beginning of the world : nor can it be meant of a future world , sith the word of making notes a thing already done , and to say he made that which was not yet in being , or which was not yet made , had been to say , that he made that which he did not make , and to say , he made by him the worlds , if he were not then existent had been to say he made the worlds by a not being ; Nor can it be shewed that making , that it have various senses , is put for revealing , or that said to be made , which is only made known . Heb. 1. 10 , 11 , 12. are a testimony cited concerning Christ , as verse 8. the words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 unto , or of the Son , shew as v. 7. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , he saith of the Angels , and the copulative conjunction 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 verse 10. shews it to be a distinct testimony from the former , and the words cited together shew all meant of Christ ▪ Ifs the latter part of them belong to Christ it follows , that also the former belongs to him : for it belongs to the same person and power which dissolves or changeth the Heavens to lay the foundation of them : Nor is there an instance produced either , Mat. 12. 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21. or Acts 2. 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21. in which words are cited , whereof part only belong to the matter for which they are cited , although Mat. 12. 19. alone had fitted the occasion ; Nor are there , or any where else words cited as spoken part of one person , part of another , as they would have them , who use this evasion : Nor are the words , Heb. 1. 10 , 11 , 12. cited only to prove ver . 4. that Christ was made so much better tha● the Angels , as he hath inherited a more excellent Name than they ; But to prove , that by him God made the worlds , verse 2. Nor can there be good sense in making the first part , verse 10. to be directed to God , and the other ver . 11 , 12. of Christ , when it is the same Lord who is spoken to ver . 10 , 11 , 12. Nor can that which is spoken of an eternal duration , à parte antè , on the part before , as well as à parte post , the part after , be applied only to the duration of his Kingdom which is only eternal à parte post , on the part after , and which is also to be resigned to the Father , 1 Cor. 15. 24. 7. Grotius is still too bold to put 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 his meaning the Fathers Word or Power , instead of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 his own , me●ning the Son without any extant Copies named by him , and clean against the Apostles scope to set out Christs Excellency : Now to Rule at his Fathers command had noted his obedience , and subserviency , not his excellency ; For so do all holy Angels and good Magistrates , they rule at Gods command : Nor is the expression , suitable to his sense : If he had meant , as Grotius conceives the sense , he should have said , ruling all things at the command of his Fathers authority 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , rather than 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Power , and not have said 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Word ; which notes the means of effecting , as Heb. 11. 3. but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 according to his Word , as the rule of administration , or as it is Luke 5. 5. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 at thy command : Besides , Heb. 11. 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Word of God , notes not a command to the Son to do it , but the powerful word to the world , by which it was made , Gen. 1. And the all things he upholds , Heb. 1. 3. comprehend not only the Church , but the world 's made by him , or all creatures , as Heb. 2. 8 , 10. Col. 1. 16 , 17 must be understood . It is true , that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifies a Prince , nor will I deny that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ( as Grotius , Dr. Hammond , Heinsius exercit . sacr . l. 16. c. 1. conceive ) signifies to rule or Govern , Numb . 11. 14. Deut. 1. 9. yet it signifies not only to Govern , or Order them , but also to sustain them by provision , as both the occasion of the peoples desire of flesh , and the words of Moses , ver . 11 , 12. [ Wherefore host thou affl●cted thy Servant ? And wherefore have I not f●und favour in thy sight , that thou layest the burden of all this people upon me ? Have I conceived all this people ? Have I begotten ( or born , as the Greek hath it ) them , that thou shouldest say unto me , Carry them in thy bosome ( as a nursing Father beareth the sucking Child ) unto the Land which thou swarest ●●to their Fathers ? ] shew ; It is true , Deut. 1. 9. bearing notes rule , but not it only , but also provision and sustentation , as the words verse 12. shew ; How can I my self alone bear your ●●mbrance , or wearisom molestation , trouble , as Isa. 1. 14. and your burden ; Greek , and your Hypostasis , that is your subsistence or sustentation by provision , and your ●trif● , in Greek , your antilogies , gain-sayings or contradictions . And v. 31. In the wilderness the Lord thy God bare thee , as a man doth bear his Son , in all the way that ye went until ye came to this place : Where saith Ainsworth , in his Annotation , this word meaneth not the bearing of the body only , but bearing of their infirmities , and suffering the evils and troubles in the education of them , as a Father doth in his children which the Greek explaineth by etrophophorese a word that Paul useth in Acts 13. 18. Where the Syriak expoundeth it nourished : or , as some copies have it , Etropophorese , he suffered their manners : Dr. Hammond Ann●t ▪ on Acts 13. 18. carried as a Nurse : Whence I infer , that if Heb. 1. 3. the word bearing be used as Numb . 11. 14. Deut. 1. 9. yet it doth not signifie meer ruling or ordering the Church by wisdom and authority , but up-holding , sustaining , maintaining the worlds , or ages which he made , or all things created by the Word of his Almighty Power , by which they were framed at first , Heb. 11. 3. which bearing or upholding all things is not limited to the time after Christs Resurrection , but is antecedent to his death : For so the words are , He by whom God made the worlds , being the brightness of his glory , the character of his subsistence , and bearing all things by the Word of his Power , having by himself made purgation of our sins , sate at the right ●and of the Majesty in the heights : This order of words shews that he was the brightness of Glory , and character of Gods subsistence , and bare a 〈…〉 things by the Word of his Power , and made purgation of our sins by himself afore ●e sa●● at the right hand of the Majesty or greatness in the heights . 8. It is true that Heb. 1. 13. is spoken of Christ as man exalted ; yet as Christ argued against the Pharisees from the same passage of Psal. 110. 1. ( which the Chaldee renders , the Lord said unto his Word , meaning Christ , saith Ainsworth Annot. ) Mat. 22. 42 , 43 , 44 , 45. that Christ must be a greater person than David's Son , because David in spirit calls him Lord , and therefore to have an higher nature than himself being then his Lord ; so we may argue from Heb. 1. 13. The Scripture proves Christ to be Lord of Angels , because God said , Sit thou on my right hand till I make thine enemies thy footstool , therefore he had a nature above Angels , and consequently Divine : For Christ supposeth in that place , that Christ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 be David's Lord , which was not denied , and thereby p●oveth that he must be denied than David , and of another nature than his ▪ ●orasmuch as he that was no more than his Son , could not be his Lord , the Father being Superiour to the Son in Nature , who hath no other Nature than what he derive● from himself . SECT . 13. Heb ▪ 7. 3. Is urged to prove the Eternal Son-ship of Christ. TO what is said , Heb. 1. I shall add what is said Heb. 7. 3. concerning Me●chizede● , that he is mentioned without Father , without Mother , without Genealogy , that is without speech of his descent or pedigree , neither having beginning of daies , nor end of life ; but made like unto the Son of God , remaineth a Priest for ever : Which intimates , that the Son of God , was without Father , without Mother , without Genealogy , neither having beginning of daies , nor end of life , that is , as he was the Son of God he was Father or Mother among me● ▪ in which respect there is no Genealogy of him , that he is without beginning of daies , or end of life , therefore he was before any creature was made , begotten of the substance of his Father , not made of nothing , very God of the same substance of the Father , by whom all things were made : For as the Son of man and according to his office he had beginning of daies , and had a Mother : Nor can the sense be right , that the beginning of daies is meant of the Priest-hood of Melchizedec , for the other part , nor end of life , is to be expounded of his Being , not of his Priest-hood ; and therefore also his not having beginning of daies must be meant of his Being , as the Son of God , not of his Priesthood . SECT . 14. Christs Kingdom is the Kingdom of the Son of Man so termed , according to his Excellency above all men . THe Kingdom we are to seek is termed sometimes the Kingdom of the Son of man , Mat. 16. 28. Verily I say unto you , there be some standing here , which shall not taste of death , till they see the Son of man coming in his Kingdom : which title Christ often takes to himself , Mat. 16. 13. whom do men say , that I the Son of man am ? and upon this consideration , he hath the Kingdom given to him , according to what our Lord Christ saith , John 5. 27. That the Father hath given him authority , and to do judgment , because he is the Son of man : Accordingly , where Christ fore-tells his chief act of reg●lity he useth this title , Mat. 25. 31. When the Son of man shall come in his glory , and all the Holy Angels with him , then shall he sit upon the Throne of his glory , and ver . 34. 40. terms this Son of man the King. Whence it is apparent that this title of the Son of Man is to be considered , that we may have right intelligence of this Kingdom . Now this title of the Son of man may be understood . 1. As noting him to be a man of the same kind with other men : And in this sense ●he Son of man is no more than a man , as Numb . 23. 19. Psal. 4. 2. & 144. 3. & 146. 3. Eph. 3. 5. &c. In which sense it is conceived , that Ezekiel is often spoken to by the title of the Son of man , as Ezek. 2. 1 , 3 , 6 , 8. not importing any excellency above other men , but nature and infirmities common to other men : Mr. Gataker in his Cinnus , l. 2. c. 12. whereas it was said by Nebuchadnezzar , Dan. 3. 25. as we read it ; Lo●● see four men loose walking in the 〈…〉 idst of the fire , and they have no hurt , and the form of the fourth is like the Son of God , it ▪ being 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 some will have it translated a Son of the Gods , as meaning by it an Angel , as vers . 28. or a man of excellency and dignity , who were usually stiled Sons of the Gods , as Psal. 89. 7. according to P●gni● , concludes , that according to the profa●e Kings mind in our language , if we would rightly render it , we should say , not like the Son of God , but like a Son of the Gods , that is , a person of a most beautiful , and as it were divine form : Also in like manner when it is said , Daniel 7. 13. Behold one came with the clouds like the Son of man , it is no more than a certain person indued with human● form , and should be termed like a Son of man ; not as it is commonly rendered , like the Son of man : as if Christ were designed man as well as God , as Junius in explaining hath noted ; Because he is in the New Testiment most frequently named the Son of man : For how ●ould the form of the Son of God , to be represented in our flesh be then set before Daniels eyes , that whom he had seen descending from heaven , he should declare him seen as like to him , whom it is not probable that himself foresaw of what shape ●e should be ? For although it may seem in very deed that he was the Son of God , whom the Prophet had beheld in that vision to have approached to God the Father , the ancient of dayes ; yet nevertheless it should not be therefore said he was like to the Son of man , to wit Christ ; For this had been as if it were said he was like to himself , but like to a Son of man , that is to a man , as Ezekiel is often termed Son of man , and sons of men for men , then which nothing is more frequent . So also the Apostle , made in the likeness of men , and found in fashion as a man , Philip. 2. 7. saving that these things are said of him according to what he was , that according to what was represented . In like sort that of the Evangelist John is to be taken , which is Rev. 1. 13. like to the Son of man ; which also the most famous man Theodore Beza saw , when he turned it , I saw ( some one ) like to a Son of man , and in his notes , to a Son of man , that is to a man , or who resembled a man ; after the Hebrew Idiotism . For although he was Christ , yet that this is to be taken in general concerning the shape of a man , appears from hence , that the Article is not added : Also from Daniel 10. 5. Where a vision altogether like is described : So ●e : To which may be added the parallel place respecting the same person in the same book , c● . 14. ver . 14 One sitting on a cloud like to a Son of man , that is a man ▪ 2. He may be said to be stiled the Son of man by excellency , as when the Philosopher a common name to many is by excellency appropriated to Aristotle , or the Orator to Cic●ro , or the Poet to Homer ; In which sense Christ is termed the seed of the woman , Gen. 3. 15. the Son of David , Mat. 20. 30. and 22. 42 , And in this sense he is termed the second Adam , because as the first earthly Adam was a common person , comprehending all that from him are propagated by natural generation ; so Christ is the second , heavenly Adam , 1 Cor. 15. 45. the second man , verse 47. because all are comprehended in him , , that are by spiritual regeneration the Sons of God. And in this respect it is said , that Adam was the type , or figure of him that was to come , Rom. 5. 14. and hereupon the parallelism of one to the other is made by the Apostle , ver . 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 21. and 1 Cor. 15. 21 , 22. and all the members of the Mystical body termed Christ , 1 Cor. 12. 12. and of Christ it is said , Ephes. 2. 15. that he might make , or create in himself two unto one new man making peace ; which new man is said to be put on , Ephes. 4. 24. Col. 3. 10. as elsewhere Christ is to be put on , Rom. 13. 14. Gal. 3. 27. and Christ is said to be all things , and in all , Col. 3. 11. without discrimination of Greek , and Jew , circumcision and uncircum●●sion , Barbarian , Scythian , bond and free , and all the members of Christ , when they meet together are a perfect man , according to the measure of the stature of th● fulness of Christ , Ephes. 4. 13. which is expressed to be his body , verse 16. and this is called the Church , which is his body , the f●lness of him that filleth all in all , Ephes. 1. 22 , 23. In like manner Christ is termed the seed of Abraham , Gal. 3. 16. Now to Abraham and his seed were the Promises made ; he saith not , And to his seeds , as concerning many , but as of one ; And to thy seed , who is Christ : Which is meant of Christ personal primarily , and secondarily of Christ Mystical ; to wit , all Believers , who are termed , verse 7. Abraham's Children , and verse 26 , 27 , 28 , 29. Ye are all the Sons of God through Faith in Christ Jesus : For as many as have been Baptized into Christ have put on Christ : There is neither Jew , nor Greek , nor is there S●rvant , nor free , nor is there male and female , for ye are all 〈◊〉 one man in Christ Jesus , and if ye be Christs then are ye Abraham's seed , and Heirs according to the Promise . And thus it is more probable to me , that Daniel 3. 5. is not to be read a Son of the Gods , to note only a person of a more excellent visage , as the Gentiles called men of rare Beauty and Majesty ; but the Son of God , whom he calls the Angel , verse 28. who was known in the Church of God by the title of the Angel of the Covenant , Mal. 3. 1. the Angel of Gods Presence , Isa. 63. 9. on which Mr. Gataker in the Annotations of sundry Divines in English hath this note : Certain it is that this Angel here spoken of , is that Angel , of whom God spake unto Moses , Exod. 23. 21 , 23. termed both Jehovah , Exod. 13. 21. and 14. 10 , 24. and his Face or Presence , Exod. 33. 14 , 15. and an Angel , Exod. 33. 2. who that he was no other , than the Messias Jesus Christ , the conducter of them in the Wilderness , holy Stephen informeth us , Acts 7. 38. the eternal Son of God , the resplendency of his Fathers Majesty , and exact Image of his Person , Heb. 1. 3. in whom therefore his Name is said to be , Exod. 23. 22. he that appeared unto Moses in the bush , Exod. 3. 2. Styled Jehovah there , verse 4. and by Jacob , the Angel that delivered , or rescued him out of all evil , Gen. 48. 16. and by Malachy lastly , Jehovah , the Angel of the Covenant , Mal. 3. 1. termed an Angel , or Messenger , in regard of his Mediatourship , Heb. 8. 6. of Gods face ; either because he doth exactly resemble God his Father , John 14. 9 , 10. Col. 1. 15. or , because he appeareth before the Face , or in the Presence of God , for us , Heb. 9. 24. See Rom. 8. 34. Revel . 8. 3. this Angel secured and safeguarded them all the way thorow the Wilderness , from Egypt to Canaan , Deut. 8. 2 , 4. and 32. 10 , 12. which it 's not unlikely Nebuchadnezzar somewhat understood , as well as that God sent an Angel to deliver his Servants that trusted in him , verse 28. by Daniel , whom God used to reveal to Nebuchadnezzar the succession of the four Monarchies , whereupon he acknowledged Daniels God to be a God of Gods , and a Lord of Kings , and a Revealer of secrets , Dan. 2. 47. And I judg the opinion of Cameron in his praelection on Mat. 16. 27. to be right , that the term Son of man , Dan. 7. 13. notes the Messiah , and that the title of Son of man is given to him , not as importing any diminution , but his excellency , and that in allusion to that place in Daniel , Christ , when he speaks of himself , Mat. 16. 27. Mat. 25. 31. John 5. 27. useth that title of the Son of man to shew , that he was meant therein , and that we need not either alter the pointing , as some of the Antients , nor make that the reason of committing judgement to him , John 5. 27. because he only of the three Persons in the holy Trinity is man ; as Dr. Pearson conceives in his Exposition of the seventh Article of the Creed , but that Christ intimates , that all judgment was committed to him , because he was the son of man meant Dan. 7. 13. which is also the opinion of Grotius Annot. ad Johan . Evang. c. 5. 27. because he is that Son of man , of whom Daniel foretold , that to him should be given dominion and a Kingdom over all Nations without end . Dan. 7. 13 , 14. Nor is it of force to enervate this opinion , that it is said , that he who came before the Antient of daies , was as the Son of man : For the particle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifies not only the likeness of a thing , but also the verity of it , as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 doth , John 1. 14. 2 Cor. 2. 17. And if it should note only likeness and not identity , both there , and Revel . 1. 13. and 14. 14. it should intimate as if he whom Daniel and John saw were not Christ , but one like him , and so the person to vvhom dominion was given , and the person described should not be Christ : But the words being conceived aright , Daniel saw Christ the Son of man in the apparition ; Nor is it absurd to say so of Daniel , though Christ were not then Incarnate . For he had by the Spirit Christ represented to him , as he was to David when in Spirit he called him Lord , Mat. 22. 43. And Abraham rejoyced to see his day , and saw it , and was glad , John 8. 57. And if in the apparations of the Angel , that spake to Abraham about Sodom , to Joshua about Jericho it were Christ that appeared , and so at other times Christ appeared in humane shape , as sundry Arguments evince ; then Daniel could not be ignorant , who the Son of man was ▪ Nor is the defect of the Article , Rev. 1. 13. and 14. 14. a sufficient reason to shew the Son of man there to be no more than a man ; For the Article is also wanting , John 5. 27. and yet the Son of man is meant peculiarly of Christ : And so is Dan. 10. 5. though it be only read a man. It is to be considered that the term Son of man is still given by Christ to himself , not as Maldonat the Jesuite conceived , as debasing himself , or speaking of himself diminutively , as Psal. 22. 6. But I am a worm , and no man : a reproach of men and despised of the people : For he doth give himself the title of the Son of man not in his prayer to God , as Psal. 22. 6. but in his speeches to the people , and then when he expresseth his Power , Mat. 9. 6. Mat. 12. 8. Mat. 26 64. & 13. 37 , 41. nor do the places alledged prove that the title of Son of man is taken by Christ to himself , to shew his debasement by it , but to imply , that though he were that Son of man to whom dominion over all Nations did belong , yet he had not then where to lay his head : And the like is to be said of that Mat. 12. 40. that even he who was the Son of man by excellency , should be three daies and three nights in the heart of the Earth : Nor is there Mat. 12. 32. a lessening of Christs person below the Holy Spirit implied by the title Son of man ; the sin is less which is against the Son of man , than the Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit , not because of the excellency of the Spirits Person above the Person of the Son of man , but because of the property of that sin , being against the conviction of the Spirit by his operation , John 12. 34. The Jews enquire , Who is this Son of man ? not meaning , that the Son of man was a diminitive term , but doubting how that Son of man should be the Messiah , of whom he had said that he should be lifted up , verse 32. And for that place , Psal. 8. 6. Heb. 2. 6. the Son of man doth not express an abject condition , though an inferiour low nature in comparison of Gods , but rather Christs high dignity ; the Authour of that Epistle proving , that to no other man were all things made subject , but to him , who being made little lower than the Angels , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for a little time ; to wit , the time of his suffering , verse 9. ( as Cameron expounds it , praelect . in Mat. 16. 27. ) was made Superiour to Angels , and had all things subjected to him . SECT . 15. Christ's Consubstantiality with the Father according to his Deity , with us according to his Humanity , as the Chalcedon Councel determined , is asserted and proved from John 1. 14. Acts 2. 30. Rom. 1. 3 , 4. and 9. 5. HOwever , whether the reason of the appellation be this latter or no , it is certain , that thereby is signified , that Christ hath an Humane as well as a Divine Nature ; and according to the Doctrine of the Councel of Chalcedon I determine , that the Son of God our Lord Jesus Christ , is truely God , and truely man , the same , of a reasonable soul and body , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , consubstantial with the Father , touching the God-head , and consubstantial , or of one essence or substance with us , according to the Man-hood : Which it were unnecessary to prove , sith his composition of Body , Birth , Growth , Properties , Actions , Sufferings , and what ever else prove a Person to be a man , as we are , as plainly are related , and were as fully manifested to have been in Christ Jesus , as in any other man ; but that as of old Valentinus , Marcion , and some others denied his body to have been of humane seed as the matter ; holding it to have been imaginary , not real , or Coelestial , and to have passed through the Virgins womb : So others of late have denied the truth of Christs Incarnation , and the reason of his being termed the Son of man , contrary to the holy Scriptures , as shall be shewed by these Texts following , which ascribe both a Divine and Humane Nature to one and the same Person , the Lord Jesus Christ , both while he was on Earth , and as he is now in Heaven , and shall appear at his future coming to Judgement . To this purpose are the words alledged before , out of John 1. 14. which shew that the same Person who is the Word , was Flesh ; which , because I have before vindicated Sect. 6. I shall not insist on here , nor on such proofs as may be made from Col. 1. 18. or Heb. 1. 3. in which that is ascribed to the Son ( whom I before proved , Sect. 9 , 10 , 11 , 12. from those chapters to be God ) which proves him a man , to wit his being head of the body the Church , the first-born from the dead , who by himself purged our sins , and is sate down on the right hand of the Majesty in the heights : But consider other places , where both natures in one Person are declared : Among which I shall chuse to insist on first , those places , which speak of Christ as descending from the Fathers according to the Flesh , as Acts 2. 30. Therefore David being a Prophet , and knowing that God had sworn with an oath to him , that of the fruit of his loins , according to the flesh , he would raise up Christ to sit on his Throne . Rom. 1. 3 , 4. Concerning his Son Jesus Christ our Lord , which was made of the seed of David according to the flesh , who was declared or determined the Son of God , in , or with Power according to the Spirit of Holiness by the Resurrection of , or from the dead . Rom. 9. 5. Whose are the Fathers , and of whom Christ according to the flesh , who is over all , God blessed for ever . Which Texts do expresly teach , that Jesus Christ had a humane nature , which is termed the flesh , as it is frequent by [ Flesh ] to understand a man or Humane Nature , Rom. 3. 20. and 11. 14. Isa. 58. 7. Gal. 2. 16. For he was of the fruit of Davids loins ▪ according to the Flesh , which being a restriction cannot limit [ raising up ] but [ Christ ] and so notes another part , according to which Christ was not raised up out of the loins of David , which must be understood of his Divine Nature ; according to which he was Davids Lord , Mat. 22. 44 , 45. He was of the seed of David , and of the Fathers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , as to that which was according to the Flesh ; restrictively after it , implying another Nature , according to which , he is of an higher original , even the Son of God , Rom. 1. 3 , 4. God over all , blessed for ever , Rom. 9. 5. Whence it is inferred : He who is so Davids Son according to the flesh , raised up out of the fruit of his loins according to the flesh , made of the seed of David according to the flesh , of the Fathers according to the Flesh , as that he is also Davids Lord , the Son of God , God over all blessed for ever ; is consubstantial with the Father as touching the God-head , and consubstantial with us as touching his Man-hood : But such is Jesus Christ. Therefore , &c. SECT . 16. The Exception against the Argument from Acts 2. 30. Rom. 1. 3 , 4. Rom. 9. 5. is set down . AGainst this it is thus excepted : When the Apostle saith , that Christ came of the Fathers according to the flesh , who is over all a God blessed for ever ; the opposition is not entire and exact as wanting the other Member : What that Member is , another passage of the Apostle , wherein you have the same opposition in describing Christ , will inform you ; It is Rom. 1. 3 , 4. concerning his Son Jesus Christ our Lord , who was made ( or rather born ) of the seed of David according to the flesh , and declared to be the Son of God with Power ( Gr. determined , or ordained Son of God in Power ) according to the Spirit of Holiness , by the Resurrection from the dead : Here you see that to those words , according to the flesh , are opposed these , according to the Spirit of Holiness : Again , What this Spirit of Holiness is , will be no hard matter to find out , if we consider that as the flesh signifyeth a constituting part of Christ , namely his fleshly body ; so also must the Spirit of holiness , opposed thereunto , signifie a constituting part : If so , then it is not the holy Spirit , as every one will confesse , nor the reasonable soul of Christ , because he is intimated to have had this Spirit by means of the resurrection from the dead , whereas he had a reasonable Soul before his death : Nor the Divine Nature , for that is no where in Scripture designed by the name of Spirit , or Spirit of holiness : Besides , the adversaries hold , that Christ had the Divine ▪ Nature , whilst he was yet cloathed with flesh . It remains therefore that by the Spirit of holiness , which Christ had by means of the resurrection of the dead , and is a constituting part of him , is to be understood his Holy , Spiritual Body , whereby he is excepted from other men , being the first-born from the dead , or the first that so rose from the dead , as that he never dyed again , but was cloathed with a Spiritual body , and made like to God , who is a Spirit . And now the sense of that passage beginneth to appear , Heb. 9. 14. How much more shall the blood of Christ , who through the eternal Spirit ( Gr. through an eternal Spirit , for no Article is prefixed ) offered himself without spot to God ; Purge your consciences from dead works to serve the living God ? By eternal Spirit is here meant the spiritual body of Christ , which lasteth to all eternity ; and this expression is opposed to what the same Divine Authour speaketh of Christ , Heb. 5. 7. who in the daies of his flesh , &c. For eternal is contrary to dayes , and spirit to flesh : Neither will that which we have here spoken seem strange to him , who having penetrated into that profound Epistle to the Hebrews , knoweth ( what is there frequently intimated ) that Christ then made his offering for our sins ; when , after his Resurrection , he entered into Heaven , and being endued with a spiritual and immortal Body , presented himself before God : For so the Type of the Levitical High-Priest making the yearly Atonement for the si●s of the People ( Levit. 16. ) did require : For as the Atonement was not then made , when he slew the Beasts , but when having put on his linnen Robes , he brought their blood into the Sanctuary before the Mercy-Seat : So neither did Christ offer his sacrifice for our sins upon the Cross , but when after his Resurrection , being cloathed with Robes of Immortality and Glory , he entered into Heaven , the true Sanctuary , and presented himself to God. ( Wherefore to return to the foresaid passage , Rom. 9. 5. ) When it is there said , of whom according to the flesh ( for so the Greek hath it ) Christ came , who is over all a God to be blessed for ever ; we ought ( by the authority of the Apostle himself ) to supply in our mind the other member of the opposition , and to understand the place , as if it had been said ; who according to the Spirit of holiness by the Resurrection from the dead , is over all a God blessed for ever : But if Christ be according to the Spirit of Holiness by the Resurrection from the dead ( that is ) according to his spiritual Body , which he received by means of the Resurrection from the dead the Son of God in Power , and accordingly a God over all ; he is not the Son of God in Power , and accordingly a God over all , by having the Divine Nature personally united to his Humane Nature , but by the Glorification and Exaltation of his v●ry Humane Nature . SECT . 17. This Exception against the Argument is refuted . I Reply , that in this passage there are many errours . 1. That Rom. 1. 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is to be rendered [ born ] rather than made : For though I deny not that the Participle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 may signifie [ born ] yet here it is not so fitly thus rendered , as [ made ] because it is not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 commonly used for birth or generation , as Mat. 1. 16. Luke 1. 35. 57. & 23. 29. Joh. 3. 41. & 18. 37. Rom. 9. 11. but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , as Gal. 4. 4. nor is it said born of the Mother , or Woman , as in expressions of birth is usual , Job 14. 1. Mat. 11. 11. Luke 7. 28. and the Preposition 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 doth note , not the womb from whence he came , but the matter out of which he was formed : For doubtless [ of the seed of David according to the flesh , Rom. 1. 3. ] is the same with [ of the fruit of his loins according to the flesh , Acts 2. 30. ] now [ of the fruit of his loins according to the flesh ] notes the matter out of which he had flesh or a humane body ; and therefore the Father or antient Progenitour David is mentioned , and his seed , and the fruit of his loins ; as the Jew is said to come out of the loins of Abraham , and Levi to be in his loins , Heb. 7. 5 , 10. in respect of the matter out of which they came , not the Mother or her Womb , as the place from whence : And 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 notes the Act of God answerable to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Acts 2. 30. raise up , not the act of the Mother in bringing forth , and therefore Rom. 1. 3. it is rightly translated [ made ] or as Piscator [ orti raised ] answerably to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sprang up , Heb. 7. 14. 2. It is granted , that [ according to the flesh ] notes a constituting part , but that it notes a constituting part , which Christ had only afore his Resurrection , and not after his Resurrection , is not to be granted : For as it is now , the humane body of Christ , or humane nature is made of the seed of David , and raised of the fruit of his loins according to the flesh , sith it is the same numerical body , and Christ is still the same man which was made , or descended , or sprang out of David , notwithstanding any alteration in the outward estate , or inherent qualities in his humanity or humane body ; it doth not become a constituting part in its humiliation , and not a constituting part in his exaltation : That very being which was made of the seed of David according to the flesh , which was raised of the fruit of his loins according to the flesh , was to sit on his Throne , Acts 2. 30. and to reign , Luke 1. 32 , 33. And therefore as the Exceptor argues , that by the Spirit of Holiness cannot be meant the Soul or Divinity of Christ , because he had both ( in our opinion at least ) in the daies of his flesh , though the Soul were not then glorified ; I may argue , by the Spirit of Holiness is not meant his glorified body , because he had it , though not then glorified , even in the daies of his flesh . 3. Which is more amply confirmed by shewing , that [ according to the flesh ] notes not his fleshly body as he speaks , that is Christs humane body in its debasement only , but his humane nature : For according to the flesh , Rom. 1. 3. signifies by the same Authours opinion , and the evidence arising from comparing the place , the same that it doth , Rom. 9. 5. now it signifies Rom , 9. 5. the same which it doth ver . 3. where Paul calls the Israelites his Brethren , Kinsmen , according to the flesh , but he means not , they were his Brethren or Kinsmen according to the flesh , that is restrictively to their weakness , debasement , or mortality , in opposition to their glorification , and excluding that as inconsistent with their being his Brethren or Ki●smen according to the flesh : But he means by according to the flesh , their humane nature as men , and as men descended from the same Ancestors , and so in like manner , when it is said , Christ was from the Fathers according to the flesh ; the meaning is not , according to his weak , or inglorious condition precisely , and exclusively to his glorified condition , but simply according to his humane nature , as descended from them , whether in the daies of his flesh , or exaltation , without any discrimination : Which is confirmed by our Saviours own speech to his Disciples , Luke 24. 39. Behold my hands and my feet , that it is I my self ; handle me and see , for a spirit hath not flesh and bones as ye see me have ; Therefore Christ supposed atter his Re●urrection that he had flesh , that his humane Body was a fleshly Body , the same according to the flesh that it was before ; which is also strengthened by the expressions , Acts 2. 3 〈◊〉 . that God raised him ●p of the fruit of Davids loins according to the flesh bu● God did not raise him up of the fruit of Dav●ds loins according to the flesh , barely ●s weak , mortal , and deb●sed , but simply as man descended from him , therefore [ according to the flesh ] imports Christs humanity or humane body as from David without restriction to his low estate : And v. 31. when it is said , his flesh did not see corruption ; his body is still termed flesh , the same flesh , and not considered as weak , for as such it saw a change ( which may be termed in some sort a corruption , to wit , a change from that weakness it had to a better form , but as the constituting part of his humane nature . 4. By [ the Spirit of Holiness Rom. 1. 4. ] whether 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 note a constituting part , or an efficient cause , cannot be meant Christs holy Spiritual Body in the Exceptors sense . For 1. It would imply that his Spiritual Body were another constituting part than his fleshly ▪ body , which is already refuted . 2. It would imply that his fleshly body were not his holy body ; whereas that which was born of Mary was that holy thing , which should be called the Son of God , Luke 1. 35. 3. No where is the body of Christ termed a Spirit , or the Spirit of Holiness in any estate : For though it be true , that 1 Cor. 15. 44. mentions a Spiritual body ; yet 1. That is there contradistinguished not to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 fleshly , but to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 natural , or ●oulary . 2. No where termed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Spirit . 3. Nor 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Spirit of Holiness . 4. After his Resurrection Christ denies his body to be a Spirit , as having flesh and bones , Luke 24. 39. and he is said to enter into the holy place by his own blood , Heb. 9. 12. and to have consecrated for us a new and living way to enter into the holiest by his blood , through the Veil , that is to say his Flesh , Heb. 10. 19 , 20. It is an errour , that by the eternal Spirit , Heb. 9. 14. is meant Christs Eternal Spiritual Body ; For [ the Eternal Spirit ] there must be of something distinct from himself ; Else the meaning should be , he offered himself by himself , which is tautological and absurd ; but by himself must be meant his body , as Heb. 1. 3. Having purged our sins by himself , is by his own body : For the thing offered was his own Body , or his Life or Soul , Isa. 53. 10. In the Type , the thing offered is some body , gift or sacrifice Heb. 5. 1. and 8. 3. and 9. 7. 9. and 10. 1. and 11. 4 , 17. whence the body offered is termed the oblation , Heb. 10. 5 , 8. In the antitype Christ is said to offer himself , that is , his body called his oblation , Heb. 10. 10. and this offering is termed , Heb. 9. 25 , 26. the Sacrifice of himself for the putting away of sin , and this to be not often , but once in the end of the world , ver . 26. he was once offered to bear the sins of many ; verse 28. He needed not daily , as those High-Priests , to offer up sacrifice first for his own sins , and then for the peoples : For this he did once when he offered up himself , Heb. 7. 27. By the which will we are sanctified , by the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all . Heb. 10. 10. But this man after he had offered one sacrifice for sins , for ever sate down on the right hand of God , verse 12. which must be afore he sate down on the right hand of God , and therefore on earth , and this was by his suffering or dying , Heb. 9. 26 , 27 , 28. and therefore cannot be referred to his appearing in Heaven , but to his blood-shedding , Heb. 9. 22. in the daies of his flesh : whereby it appears to be false , that Christ did not offer his Sacrifice for our sins , on the Cross , there being no other time meant by that once when he offered up himself for the sins of the people , Heb. 7. 27. and whereas it is sa●d , Heb. 9 28. Christ was once offered to bear the sins of many . St. Peter tells us , 1 Epistle 2. 24. Who his own self bare our sins in his own body on the tree , that we being dead to sin should live unto righteousness ; by whose stripes ye were healed : Which doth evidently refer to Isa. 53. 4 , 5 , 6. whence the last clause is taken , and shews the bearing of our sins by the offering of himself to have been on the Cross or at the time of his suffering on Earth . And hereby it appears to be false , that Christ made not atonement till he came to Heaven : For Col. 1. 20. It is said , And having made peace through the blood of his Cross he reconciled all things to his Father , ver . 21 , 22. Now hath he reconciled in the body of his flesh through death . Rom. 8. 3. God sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh , and for sin ( or by a sacrifice for sin , as Heb. 10. 8. ) condemned sin in the flesh , which is all one with making atonement . That which is alledged , that the atonement was not then made , when the High-Priest slew the Beasts , but when having put on his linnen Robes , he brought their blood into the Sanctuary before the Mercy-Seat , is partly false , there being atonement made for himself and his house , Levit. 16. 5 , 6. before he entered into the holy place ; and partly impertinent , sith the point in question is not where the atonement was made , but where Christ offered himself , Heb. 9. 14. though both the offering and the atonement are resolved to have been afore his sitting at the right hand of God , Heb. 1. 3. and 10. 12. Nor doth it appear , that [ Eternal Spirit , Heb. 9. 14. ] is put in opposition to the daies of his flesh , Heb. 5. 7. For it is not said , Heb. 5. 7. flesh that hath daies , as if it noted a distinction of his body mortal , from his Spiritual Immortal Body ▪ but daies of his flesh , only to note the time of his offering prayers , not the quality or adjunct of his body : Nor is it said , he offered by the daies of his flesh , as here by the Eternal Spirit , but in the daies of his fl●sh , to note the time , which is not intimated , Heb. 9. 14. by that term , by the Eternal Spirit , for then it should rather have been said , by or in the Eternity of the Spirit : The offering being an act of Christ on Earth , is no other than the act of his Deed and Will , whereby he did present himself as a Sacrifice to God , as the phrase is , Rom. 12. 1. or as it is Eph. 5. 2. Gave himself for us , an offering and a sacrifice to God for a sweet-smelling savour ; by reason of such acts Abraham is said to offer up Isaac , Heb. 11. 17. and we are said to offer the Sacrifice of Praise , Heb. 13. 15. Spiritual Sacrifices , 1 Pet. 2. 5. which is plainly expressed , Heb. 10. 10. By which Will we are sanct●fied by the offering of the Body of Jesus Christ once , or for once ; which was no other than that which he expressed in that prayer , which Armi●●●● termed rightly the Canon or rule of Christs Sacrifice , John 17. 19. And for them I sanctifie my self , that they also may be sanctified in truth : Which being considered , I see not what good sense can be made of it , as many Divines expound it , of the Divinity of Christ making the Sacrifice of Christ of value to satisfie for sins : For the words [ through the Eternal Spirit ] have not respect to himself , who was offered , as enhauncing the price of the thing offered , by reason of the union of it to himself , neither the place of it before himself , nor the Preposition used , being 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 through or by , not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with or in conjunction , do sute with such a sense ; but it is in construction annexed and referred to the offering , and notes the cause and means of offering : Besides the reason of Piscator is good in his Scholie on the Text , that it belongs not to the Deity to offer Sacrifice , but that is it to which it is offered by a man as a man : And indeed it is not good sense to say , Christ offered himself by his God-head to God , it being not easily conceivable what notion the God-head should have in such a speech , which is not absurd or inept : Nor do I think Piscators opinion good , that by the Eternal Spirit is meant Christs Immortal Soul , partly because no where is Christs Humane Soul called the Eternal Spirit , partly because I think it should rather be said in than through the Eternal Spirit , if Christs Immortal Soul were meant by it , the particle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 noting the efficient cause , not the subject in which the act of offering was : And therefore I rather pitch upon it to understand by [ the Eternal Spirit ] the holy Spirit answering to the fire , which kindled the Sacrifice , and moving or inflaming the heart of Christ with love to us and obedience to God , to give himself an Offering and a Sacrifice to God for us , Ephes. 5. 2. The holy Spirit is fitly resembled by fire , Mat. 3. 11. and he well termed the Eternal Spi●it in opposition to the temporary fire kindling the legal Sacrifices : But if the allusion be not thereto , yet the sense is good and right : For as it is said that Christ had not the Spirit by measure , John 3. 34. and that he was full of the Holy Ghost , Luke 4. 1. that the Spirit of the Lord was upon him , that it anointed him , verse 18. So it is said , that he was moved by the Spirit to be Tempted to Preach , in the same places , and to cast out Devils by the Spirit of God , God putting his Spirit on him he shewed Judgment to the Gentiles , sent forth Judgement to victory , Ma● . 12. 18 , 20 , 28. gave Commandements through the Holy Ghost , Acts 1. 2. And accordingly here is said to offer himself to God by the Holy Eternal Spirit : Nor is the want of the Article any more against the expounding the Eternal Spirit , of the Holy Ghost , than against the expounding it of Christs Spiritual Immortal Body , it being as requisite in respect of use to design the one as the other ; But the truth is , it is not requisite , that it should be prefixed to shew it to be meant of the holy Spirit , sith it is omitted Rom. 9. 1. and 14. 17. &c. and even in this E●●stl● H●b . 2. 4. and 6. 4. So that the sense may be , notwithstanding any thing I find to the contrary that Christ willingly , obediently offered , or yielded , through the holy Spirits incitation or operation in him , himself a Sacrifice without spot or blemish to God : And as executing the function of Priest-hood to which he was anointed above others , Heb. 1. 9. And this sense is most agreable to the Apostles intent , which is to set forth the efficacy and validity of Christs Sacrifice above the Legal ; which he doth here from the obedience and readiness of will to offer himself as he doth . Heb. 10. 10. and the holiness of his person , or his being without spot or blemish , as he doth Heb. 7. 26 , 27. 1 Pet. 1. 19. no where that I find from the Hypostatical Union , or the spirituality , immortality , and glory of his humane body , or the immortality of his Soul. 5. The term [ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Rom. 1. 4. ] is not rightly rendered [ determined or ordained Son of God in Power ] For though it be true , that the verb signifies appointment , ordination , or predestination , and that this last is used by the Latin vulgar translation , and by sundry of the Antients , and the verb is used so in the New Testament , Luk● 22. 22. Acts 2. 23. and 10. 42. and 17. 26 , 31. in which places the appointment , or determination is by God of a thing future : yet that cannot be the meaning , Rom. 1. 4. For then the sense should be , that Christ should be appointed , or ordained , or determined by God , either that by power , according to his Spiritual body by the resurrection of the dead he should be the Son of God ; Or else that his appointment , ordination or determination that he should be the Son of God , was by power according to the Spirit of holiness , that is his holy spirituall body , by the Resurrection from the dead . This latter sense is most absurd ; it would intimate , as if Gods determination were in power according to Christs Spiritual body by the Resurrection of the dead ; whereas the determination of Gods purpose , or his ordaining of things future , hath no cause but his will , his ordaining is not an act of power , though the execution of it be ; Nor is the former sense true : For then the meaning should be , that Christs being the Son of God was consequent on the power , the spirit of holiness , and resurrection of the dead , sith ordaining or fore-appointing his Sonship to be thereby supposeth them to be before , as the cause is before the effect , and his Sonship to be future to them , or after them : But this is contrary to what is confessed by the adversaries , that he was the Son of God before his resurrection , and is proved from , Luke 1. 35. Mat. 16. 16. John 6. 69. and Heb. 5. 8. Although he were a Son yet learned he obedience by the things which he suffered , which shews he was a Son afore he learned obedience by the things which he suffered : For which reasons I like not to say as Dr. Pearson doth in his Exposition on the second Article of the Creed , that he was defined , or constituted , and appointed the Son of God in Power by the Resurrection from the dead ; Nor that of Grotius , that he was made a celestial King after his Resurrection , and also before destinated to that Kingdom by so many Miracles done by Divine Power proper to him and dwelling in him , where the term Son of God standing in contradistinction , to being of the seed of David , according to the flesh , is as much as a Celestial King , and the Participle determined is expounded by two other , made , and before destinated , the one noting a thing past , the other a thing future , so as that the same word in the same place shall signifie being made a Celestial King after Christs resurrection , and being aestinated before to that Kingdom , and in Power according to the Spirit of holiness , shall be Divine Power proper to him ▪ and inhabiting in him by that Spirit of holiness , that is force of Divinity by which from the beginning of his conception he was sanctified , and by which he did Miracles , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , shall be after the Resurrect on from the dead : None of which are made good by Heb. 5. 9. Acts 2. 30. or Acts ●6 . 23. or any other which he produ●eth in his Annot. on Rom. 1. 4. Nor do I conceive can be ; Nor do I think D● . Hammond his Paraphr●se right [ but according to the Spirit of holiness , or in respect of that other Nature in him , called his Eternal Spirit , Heb. 9. 14. ] ( far above all that is flesh and blood ) that , I say which shone in him most perfectly , after , and through , and by his Resurrection from the dead , 2 Cor. 13. 4. was set at Gods right hand , the Son of God in Power , to whom accordingly as to a Son , all Power was given by the Father ] For besides what before and after is , or will be said about the Spirit of holiness , and Eternal Spirit , there is nothing of Gods right hand in the Text , nor doth [ set at Gods right hand the Son of God in Power ] well explain [ determined the Son of God in Power ] nor is he rightly said to be set at Gods right hand according to the Spirit of Holiness , or in respect of that other Nature in him , called his Eternal Spirit , Heb. 9. 14. For his being set at the right hand of God is not precisely according to that other Nature , but rather according to that which he had of the Seed of David according the flesh : Nor is it fitly said that other Nature did shine most perfectly after , through or by his resurrection from the dead , 2 Cor. 13. 4. For though his being the Son of God was proved by it , yet how the Divine Nature did shine in him through , by , after his Resurrection from the dead is hard to understand , nor do any words in the Text countenance such a Paraphrase : Wherefore not mis-liking Dr. Hammond's translation ▪ demonstrated or defined the Son of God i● Power ; Nor that of the Syriak Interpreter who turns 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by , who was known ; I stick to that sense , which our Translators have chosen , declared , or as Chrysostom , In 〈…〉 t s it [ shewed , demo●strated or manifested to be the Son of God over and above what he was of the seed of David according to the flesh ] and sundry others with him : And so [ determined ] notes not an act of the Will of God concerning the futurity of a thing , but Gods sentence as it were , setling the understanding by way of certification of what was surely so , or evidence of it as of a thing already , being to take away doubting , in the sense in which in the Schools their resolutions concerning things in question , are called their determinations : In which sense I conceive it taken , Heb. 4. 7. where 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by our Translators rendered [ limiteth ] is the same which he expresseth , verse 8. he had not spoken of another day : And likewise that which declareth what a thing is , in Logick is termed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or a definition of it , and the Mood which is Indicative , is termed by Grammarians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and the boundaries of Lands are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , because they shew what is belonging to a person , and in composition Hyppocrates his Determinations , or Declarations about Medicines are entituled his Aphorisms , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a distinct explication of a thing : According to which Exposition the meaning is , Rom. 1. 4. that God had determined as it were by sentence in the Resurrection of him from the dead , that Christ Jesus had another nature above that he had of the seed of David , to wit , that he was the Son of God. 6. The Resurrection of the dead cannot be meant of the general Resurrection , as if the sense were , he is predestinated or fore-appointed that he shall be the Son of God in Power when he shall raise the dead , but of Christs particular Resurrection : For though the general Resurrection shall most fully demonstrate the glory of Christ , yet the determination being of a thing past , must be understood of his own Resurrection : Nor is it a sufficient exception against this , that the Apostle saith 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , the Resurrection of the dead not from the dead , and that it is not by his Resurrection from the dead , but the Resurrection of the dead : For Acts 26. 23. there is in St. Paul's speech the same expression , where speaking of what the Prophers fore-told of Christs Resurrection , he useth this expression 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , word by word , that he the first by rising of the dead , that is as he should suffer , so he should be the first or chief risen from the dead , who should shew or publish light to the people and the Gentiles . 7. In Power , Rom. 1. 4. cannot be referred to the Power of Christ , whereby he did Miracles , but to the Power of God by which he was raised from the dead , of which the same Apostle speaketh , 2 Cor. 13. 4. For though he was crucified 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 through , or by reason of weakness , yet he liveth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because of , or by the Power of God , 1 Cor. 6. 14. And God hath both raised up the Lord , and will also raise up us by his own Power , Rom. 6. 4. like as Christ was raised from the dead by the Glory ( that is the Power ) of the Father : Which is confirmed in that he is said to be determined the Son of God in Power , which determination is referred to the Fathers , and therefore the Power is the Fathers by which he is determined to be the Son of God. 8. I confess the Divine Nature of Christ is no where that I find , termed the Spirit of holiness , or the holy Spirit , nor the glorified body of Christ , although God be termed a Spirit , John 4. 24. and 2 Cor. 3. 17. the Lord is that Spirit , which to me seems most likely to be meant of Christ , who is in the Epistles of Paul most commonly meant by this title [ the Lord ] and in the verse before meant , where it is said [ Nevertheless when it shall turn to the Lord ] that is Christ ; and the next verse following [ But we all with open face beholding the glory of the Lord ] that is Jesus Christ distinguished in the same verse from the holy Spirit , termed the Spirit of the Lord , if it be not to be read , as from the Lord the Spirit , and so applied to Christ : It is said that Christ knew in his Spirit , Mark. 6. 8. that he grew , and waxed strong in Spirit , or was strengthened by the Spirit , Luke 2. 40. that he groaned in Spirit , Joh. 11. 33. which may , or are to be understood otherwise than of his Divine Nature , John 6. 63. It is the Spirit that quickneth , the flesh profiteth nothing , the words which I speak unto you are Spirit , and are life , are meant otherwise than of Christs Divine Nature , and 1 Tim. 3. 16. Justified in Spirit , or in the Spirit may be meant otherwise than of his Divine Nature , and so may quickened by the Spirit , 1 Pet. 3. 18. of which in that which follows : The Spirit of Christ is , Rom. 8. 9. termed the Spirit of God , and if the Holy Ghost , 1 Cor. 2. 13 , 14. and 12. 3. And that which was born of Mary is said to be that Holy thing , which shall be called the Son of God , Luke 1. 35. and Dan. 9. 24. he is termed the Holy of Holies , or as we read , the most Holy , but no where the Spirit of Holiness . And therefore if the Spirit of Holiness note not the Divine Nature of Christ , because it is no where in the Scripture designed by the name of Spirit , or Spirit of Holiness , the reason is as good against the interpretation of [ the Spirit of Holiness ] by [ the Holy Spiritual Body of Christ : ] Nor is there likelehood that by [ Spirit ] should be meant [ Body ] sith Spirit and Body are opposed , or contradistinguished , 1 Cor. 6. 20. and 7. 34. James 2. 26. 1 Thes. 5. 23. &c. as well as Flesh and Spirit : And if by [ Spirit of Holiness ] be meant a constituting part of Christ distinct from Flesh , which he had by means of the Resurrection , it cannot be meant of his body , which is the same in substance it was in the daies of his flesh , and so the same constituting part , differing only in quality and external condition , as having an alteration , not another Generation or Creation , and therefore cannot be rightly termed another constituting part : And this reason with the Texts alledged do better countenance the understanding the Deity of Christ by [ the Spirit of Holiness ] than his Holy Spiritual Body : Yet for my part , I incline to neither , but rather to the opinion , that conceives by [ the Spirit of Holiness ] is meant the Holy Ghost , or third Person of the sacred Trinity , and that for these reasons . 1. Because the term [ Spirit of Holiness ] is all one in sense with [ the Holy Spirit ] which is the usual title given to that person , Mat. 28. 19. 2 Cor. 13. 13. 1 John 5. 7. and is according to usual manner of expressing the Adjective by the Genitive case of the substantive , as the Children of Wisdom are wise Children , Children of obedience , 1 Pet. 1. 14. obedient Children , the Children of l 〈…〉 , enlightned Children , Eph. 5. 8. 2. Because the Resurrection is ascribed to the Spirit , Rom. 8. 11. If the Spirit of him that raised Jesus from the dead , dwell in you , be that raised Christ from the dead , shall also quicken your mortal bodies by his Spirit that dwelleth in you , 1 Pet. 3. 18. Being put to death in the flesh , but quickened by the Spirit . 3. Because the sense thus seems to be easiest , and most agreeable to the Apostles scope , who having said , that the Son of God was made of the seed of David according to the flesh , noting a being beyond this , adds , that he was declared , determined , defined or resolved to be the Son of God beyond his being the Son of David with power , by his rising from the dead , which was by Power , according to the Spirit of holiness , that is the holy Spirit , to whom acts of power are usually ascribed , as Luke 1. 35. Mat. 12. 28. which was an undoubted evidence of his being the Son of God , or having a Divine Nature , sith he foretold it as a thing to be done by himself , John 2. 19. and 5. 25 , 26. and 10. 17 , 18. Nor is it necessary that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 should note a constituting part , Rom. 1. 4. For it may note an efficient cause mediate , as when it is said Mark. 1. 27. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with authority he commandeth the unclean Spirits , which is , Luke 4. 36. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with Authority and Power , so 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is by might , or mightily , Heb. 7. 16. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 according to the power , is by vertue or reason of the power or proportion and congruity to the agent , as when it is said , Rom. 1. 15. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as much as in me lies , and the sense be , in power according to the Spirit of Holiness , that is , with or through the holy Spirit , or congruously , proportionably to the holy Spirit ; which if it do not so fully answer the use of the preposition , yet we may say as Dr. Hammond in a like case , Annot on Mark. 9. 3. though the preposition do not favour this Interpretation , yet the promiscuous uncertain use of prepositions among sacred Writers is so observable , that it may take off much of that one objection . So far as my observation hath hitherto attained in the Apostles and other Writers Greek Expressions , if the Apostle had intended that the Spirit of Holiness should note another constituting part , he should have put next to [ the Son of God ] according to the Spirit of Holiness , as he did ver . 3. according to the flesh next to of the seed of David , but being put between with Power and the Resurrection of the dead , it seems not to note a constituting part , but the efficient cause of the Resurrection , or subject of that power , by which Christ was raised . 9. The distinct mention Rom. 9. 5. of Christs being of the Fathers according to the flesh , that is his humane nature , and then adding , who is over all God blessed for ever , shews that he is over all God blessed for ever , according to his Divine Nature or deity : Nor is the defect of the Article a sufficient reason to the contrary , sith it is very frequent to put 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 without the Article , where it is meant of God in Nature , as 1 Cor. 3. 16. 23. and 1. 24. and 2. 5. 7. &c. 10. In that God said to Christ , Psal. 110. 1. and he was then Davids Lord , Acts 2. 34. when he knew , verse 30. that God had sworn with an oath to him , that of the fruit of his loins he would raise up Christ to sit on his Throne , it proves that Christ was in being and was his Lord afore he was his Son , and so had a Divine Nature , though he was his Son according to the flesh . SECT . 18. The consubstantiality of Christ with the Father and us , is proved from 1 Tim. 3. 16. THe next Text of Scripture I shall insist on to prove the consubstantiality of Christ to God and us , is 1 Tim. 3. 16. where St. Paul saith , And without controversy great is the Mystery of godliness ; God was manifested in the flesh , justified in the Spirit , seen of Angels , Preached unto the Gentiles , believed on in the World , received up into Glory : This passage is undoubtedly meant of the Lord Jesus , sith of no other are these things true , that ●e was manifested in the flesh , &c. And they are true of him : He was manifested in the flesh being made flesh , justified in , or by the Spirit at his Baptism , by his Miracles , and at his Resurrection to be , that which he said himself to be , the Son of God , against the false accusations of the Pharisees as a Deceiver , confederate with Satan ; seen of Angels at his Birth , Temptation in the Wilderness , Agony in the Garden , Resurrection from the Grave , and Ascension into Heaven , Preached to the Gentiles by his Apostles , believed on in the World even by the Gentiles , and received up in , or into Glory at his Ascension into Heaven : Now he of whom these things are said is God , therefore the same Person , Christ Jesus is both God and Man ; or consubstantial to the Father in respect of his God-head , to us in respect of his Man-hood . SECT . 19. The Exceptions against this Proof . THe Exception against this Argument is : 1. That the reading God was manifested in the flesh , is suspected to have been altered by Nestorians , because the vulgar Latin , the Syriak , Arabian Interpreters , and Ambrose all read [ which was manifested ] and refer it to the Mystery of Godliness , and so this sense is given of it , that the Gospel was first made known not by Angels , but by mortal men , and according to their outward appearance weak , Christ and his Apostles , as flesh , Col. 1. 26. notes a mortal man , 2 Cor. 2. 16. 1 John 4. 2. was justified in Spirit ] that is , that truth was approved by many Miracles , for Spirit is Miracles by a Metonymy , which is , 1 Cor. 2. 4. and elsewhere . And to be justified here is to be approved , as Mat. 11. 19. so he is said to be justified , who in a contention is a Conquerour , because his cause is approved , Deut. 25. 1. add Psal. 21. 6. ( I imagine Grotius means , Psal. 51. 4. ) [ Seen of Angels ] to wit , wi●h greatest admiration : Angels le●rned this secret by mortal men , Ephes. 3. 10. 1 Pet. 1. 12. To see with the Hebrews is translated to all manner of knowing : Was preached to the Gentiles ] that truth was not only declared to the Jews , but also to the Gentiles , who were most estranged from God , Eph. 2. 12. Col. 1. 21. believed in the World ] that is in a great part of the world , Rom. 1. 8. Col. 1. 6. received up in Glory ] it was very gloriously exalted , to wit , because it brought much more holiness than any Doctrines formerly : To be taken up is to be lifted up on high , and answers to the Hebrew Verbs 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in glory gloriously , Phil. 4. 19. Col. 3. 4. See al●●o , 2 Cor. 3. 8. so they glorified the word of the Lord , Acts 13. 48. 2. Others thus : God the Father was manifested , that is , his Will made known in the flesh , that is , with or by the infirmity of Christ and his Apostles , justified in Spirit , taken or acknowledged for true by Divine vertue which shined in Christ as well as his Apostles , or put forth it self powerfully by them ; was seen of Angels , the good will of God towards men , was revealed to Angels , received up in glory , the will of God was by many chearfully received and constantly retained , or the holy Religion of Christ was gloriously admitted and received . SECT . 20. These Exceptions are refelled . TO which I Reply : 1. That the reading of [ which ] instead of [ God ] should be followed against all Copies of the Original now extant is unreasonable , and not to be yielded to : The Syriak , Arabian , and Latin are not to be put in the ballance with the Greek Copies : The Latin translation is found and confessed even by Romanists to be so faulty , as that it is not of itself to be rested on , much less are Ambrose and Hin 〈…〉 arus , who were mis-led by it : That Nestoria●s should foyst in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 God is not likely , sith it is against their opinion , and was used by Chrysostom before Nestorius , and by Cyril against the Nestorians , as Dr. Pearson shews in his Exposition of the Creed , Artic. 2. page 142. of the second Edition . 2. By [ God ] cannot be meant , either God the Father , or his Will , or the Gospel , or the truth of it . 1. Because the words cannot be expounded so in either of the senses given : Neither is God the Father any where said to be manifested in the flesh , justified in the Spirit , received up in Glory : Nor doth God manifested in the flesh signifie God , or his Will , or Gospel , or truth manifested in infirmity , or Christ and his Apostles in their infirmity , nor justified in , or by the Spirit approved by Miracles , nor seen of Angels , learned by them from mortal men , nor received up in Glory , admitted or received in mens minds : None of all the Texts alledged countenance these Expositions ; Though flesh sometimes signifies mortal weak man , it being a word of very various acceptions , and the Gospel is said to be manifested as Col. 1. 26. and 2 Cor. 2. 14. and Gal. 4. 13. St. Paul saith , he preached the Gospel at first to the Galatians through the infirmity of the flesh , yet no where is the Gospel said to be manifested in the flesh , or flesh put simply for infirmity . That 1 Joh. 4. 2. that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh , is against his sense of preaching the Gospel in infirmity , it plainly noting his coming into the world in a humane nature , in the sense in which he said , John. 1. 14. The Word was made flesh , and dwelt among us . Though I deny not , that words of sense do often note other knowledge than by sense , yet these words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 are scarce ever found to be applied to any thing but that which is descernable by sight : However if they were , yet the sense imagined hath no colour , sith it is not said , seen of Angels by the Church : 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifies not receiving by men that glorifie it , but the glory of the person or thing manifested , Phil. 4. 19. Col. 3. 4. are not meant of such glory , or alacrity , or rejoycing , as is made the meaning of Glory , 1 Tim. 3. 16. Nor do we find in the Greek Bibles such language as answers to the pretended Exposition of it in that place : And for receiving the Gospel , the usual word is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , 1 Thes. 1. 6. and 2. 14. Acts 2. 41. not the word there used . 2. According to that Exposition it would be an in●pt tautology to say , he was believed on in the world , and received up in glory if meant of receiving in mens hearts : For what is it to be believed on , but to be received in mens hearts ? which is not to be conceived of the Apostle in these concise Aphorismes . 3. There would be no Mystery much less a great Mystery without contradiction in that which the Apostle saith , if the meaning were as it is made , sith Gods will was often manifested by mortal men , even by all the Prophets , who testified before-hand the sufferings of Christ , and the glory that should follow , 1 Pet. 1. 11. and approved by Miracles done by Moses , Elias , Elisha , known by Angels who brought Messages to Daniel and others , preached to the Gentiles by Jonah at Niniveh , believed in the world by the Ninivites , received with alacrity ; as by David and others . 3. The words in the plain obvious sense , are truely and rightly expounded of Jesus Christ who is said to be God , John 1. 1 , 2. to come in the flesh in his humane nature , to be made flesh , John 1. 14. to be manifested in his works , John 2. 11. and his preaching , Mark 1. 27. Luke 7. 16 , 22. justified in the Spirit , or by the Spirit , either by the Spirits descent on him at his Baptisme John 1. 33 , 34. whereby he was proclaimed and proved to be the Son of God , or by his Miracles , as Mat. 12. 28. against the accu 〈…〉 on of colluding with the Devil , or at his Resurrection as I conceive , Rom. 1. 3 , 4. or by giving the Holy Ghost , Acts 2. 33. Seen of Angels , Luke 2. 11 , 12. Mat. 4. 15. Luke ●2 . 43. and 4. 4 , 5. Acts 1. 10. Preached to the Gentiles , 1 Cor. 1. 23. 2 Cor. 1. 19. Believed on in the World , Rom. 1. 8. 1 T 〈…〉 . 1. 7 , 8. received up , the word used 1 Tim. 3. 16. in glory , Acts 1. 2 , 11 , 12. Mark 16. 19. Luke 9. 51 and 24. 26. 4. It being said God was manifested in the flesh and this meant of Jesus Christ proves he was ( before ) God , and then he had flesh , and therefore a Humane and Divine Nature , and consubstantial to the Father and to us SECT . 21. The samething is confirmed from 1 Pet. 3. 18 , 19 , 10. Gal. 4. 4. Rom. 8. 3. 1 John 4. 2. Heb. 2. 14. and 10. 5. John 16. 28. TO this I shall subjoyn for Confirmation and Explication , 1 Pet. 3. 18 , 19 , 20. where Christ is said to be put to death in the flesh , but quickened by the Spirit : Where flesh must note a constituting part , and yet the Spirit note the efficient : For quickened noting his Resurrection , cannot note his Eternal Holy Spiritual Body , as was conceived meant by the Eternal Spirit , Heb. 9. 14. and the Spirit of Holiness , Rom. 1. 4. For that was not till he was quickened , and therefore he not quickened in or by it ; nor his Humane Soul , for that dyed not , and therefore the Spirit must note an efficient , and that must be either the Divine Nature of Christ , or , as I conceive , the Holy Spirit , to whom his Resurrection is ascribed , Rom. 8. 11. called the Power of God , 2 Cor. 13. 4. as what is done by the Spirit ; is said to be done by the Power of God , Luke 1. 35. Mat. 12. 28. Luke 11. 20. and he was quickened by the Spirit by which he preached , verse 19. which was the Holy Spirit , Gen. 6. 3. in the preaching of Noah , 2 Pet. 2. 4. and this was the Spirit of Christ , 1 Pet. 1. 11. the Holy Ghost , 2 Pet. 1. 21. In that Spirit he went and preached to the spirits in Prison , which were sometimes disobedient in the daies of Noah , which those that deny Christs Divine Nature , will not say to have been done in the th●ee daies of his death afore his Resurrection , therefore in the da●es of Noah , and consequently he had then a being , to wit a Divine Nature , otherwise he could not be said then to go and preach by the Spirit by which he was quickened , nor the spirits in prison to have been disobedient , when once the long-suffering of God waited in the daies of Noah , while the Ark was a preparing . To these Scriptures I add , Gal. 4. 4. Rom. 8. 3. The sending his Son supposeth the Sons being before , and so his Divine Nature , Made of a Woman , in the likeness of sinful flesh his Humane , therefore he had both . To the same effect are those Texts which speak of his coming in the flesh , as 1 John 4. 2. his taking part of flesh and blood , Heb. 2. 14. where he that was Superiour to Angels antecedently , was made little lower than the Angels , or debased below the Angels , partaking flesh and blood , not ashamed to call them Brethren , ver . 7 , 11. whom in respect of his native greatness he might have been ashamed to own as such , and therefore is supposed to have a being above man , afore he was a man : His coming into the world with a body prepared for him , out of obedience and compliance of will to his Fathers , Heb. 10. 5. John 16. 28. shews his being with his Father before he was a man , and so a Divine Nature antecedent to his Humane . SECT . 22. Christs consubstantiality with the Father and us , is proved from Philip. 2. 5 , 6 , 7 , 8. THere yet remains that Text , which is , Philip. 2. 5 , 6 , 7 , 8. where the Apostle speaks thus : Let this mind be in you , which was also in Christ Jesus , who being in the form of God , thought , or counted it not robbery , or a spoil , or prey to be equal to God , or as God : But made himself of no reputation , or emptied himself , and took upon him the form of a Servant , and was made in the likeness of men , or when he had been made like to men ( as Meric . Casaubon diatriba de usu Verborum p. 66. ) and being found in fashion , or habit as man or a man , and became obedient , or rather being or becoming obedient unto death , even the death of the Cross : In which I confess are sundry unusual expressions needful to be cleared , yet sufficient to prove him to have a Divine and Humane Nature , sith he is said to have been in the ●orm of God first , and then to empty himself , to take on him the form of a Servant , to be made in the likeness of men , to be found in fashion as a man , to humble himself to death , whence I may argue : He who be●ng in the form of God , counted it no robbery or prey that he was as God , emptied himself , taking the form of a Servant when he was made in the likeness of men , and being found in fashion as a man , humbled himself , becoming obedient unt● death , had a Divine and Humane Nature ; But this is true of Jesus Chr●st , therefore he had both Natures . SECT . 23. The Exception against this Argument is recited . TO this Argument the Exception is thus made : The words and sense being thus : Let this mind be in you , which was in Christ Jesus ; who being in the form of God ( for the exercise and demonstration of Divine Power , whereby he wrought Miracles in as free and uncontrouled a manner as if God himself had been on the earth ) thought it not robbery ( or a prey ) to be equal with God ( that is did not esteem this equality of his with God , consisting in the free exercise of Divine Power , to be a prey , by holding it fast , and refusing to let it go , as Robers are want to do when they have got a prey or booty ) but ( Gr. ) emptied himself ( in making no use of the Divine Power within him to rescue himself out of the hands of the Officers sent to apprehend him ) and took upon him the form of a Servant ( in suffering himself to be apprehended , bound and whipt as Servants are wont to be ) being made in the likeness of men ( that is ordinary and vulgar men , who are endued with no D●vine Power ) and being found in fashion ( or habit ) as a man ( that is , in outward quality , condition and acting , no whit differing from a common man ) he humbled himself , and became obedient unto death , even the death of the Cross. SECT . 24. The Text is explained in order to the refelling of the Exception . TO clear this Text , and Argument , and so to refel the exception , it will be necessary to enquire what is meant : 1. By the form of God. 2. By being in the form of God. 3. By 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 4. By 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 5. By 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 6. By 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 7. By 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 8. By 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 9. By 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 10. By 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 11. By 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 12. By 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 13. By 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 14. By 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 15. By found . 16. By humbled himself . 17. By becoming obedient . 18. When he was in the form of God. 19. When he emptied himself ▪ 20. When he took the form of a Servant . 1. It is true that form 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is most commonly applied to signific something outward which is the object of sight , and therefore Grotius conceives , that by the form of God is meant the glory of his Miracles . But as Dr. Casa●bon in the place before cited , rightly observed , where it is used for something which appears to the sight , it is never used for Excellent Power , or Divine Power in working Miracles , but for the outward visage , when it hath splendour , beauty and excellent lustre , attractive of the eyes , and moving desire or lust , or giving occasion to conceive in the person Majesty , or an heroical Spirit within , and so awing others , or procuring dread or reverence of him . Now it is certain Christ had not in the daies of his flesh such a form , but as the Prophet foretold , Isa. 53. 2. He grew up before God as a tender plant , and as a root out of a dry ground : He had no form nor comeliness : and when he was seen there was no beauty that they should desire him , but in outward appearance he was poor and despicable ; Nevertheless the verbs simple and compound do signifie something inward and not conspicuous to the eyes . Thus it is meant when St. Paul saith Gal. 4. 19. My little Children of whom I travail in birth until Christ be formed in you , Rom. 12. 2. Be ye transformed in the renewing of your mind , 2 Cor. 3. 18. we are transformed after the same image . And if in the Holy Scripture the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 form signifie not that which is inward and hidden , yet in Aristotle and other Authours , the word signifies the essence or that constitutive essential part of a substance , which differenceth one substance from another , which is defined by Aristotle 2d . Physick . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the reason of its being such a thing : And indeed many understand by the form of God , the essence or nature of God. But to the contrary is . 1. That form hath the same notion , Phil. 2. 6. in the term form of God , as it hath verse 7. in the term form of a Servant ; But in that notion of the essence or nature of a Servant , it cannot be said Christ took the form of a Servant , for that is a m●er relation , and if he had taken the essence of a Servant by being incarnate it had been the same with being made in likeness of men , and so he could not have put off the essence of a Servant , no more than the essence of a man , if his taking the form of a Servant had been by being made a man : Besides the nature of man is not the essence of a Servant ; man may be Lord as Christ man is Lord of all , Acts 10. 36. and yet hath the essence of man , and Angels are Servants and yet have not the essence of man. 2. It is said , Christ emptied himself , to wit , of the form of God in which he was , which notes some lessening or laying aside of the form of God , in wh●ch he was ; But that could not be the Divine essence , therefore it is not here meant . Nor is it to be conceived , that by the form of God is meant the power of doing Miracles : For neither is the power of Miracles any where termed the form of God , and if that were all that is meant , it might be said of Moses and Elias that they were in the form of God : Besides he did not empty himself of the power or exercise of it whereby he did Miracles at any time , no not when he was apprehended , for even then the Souldiers at his word went backward and fell to the Earth , John 18. 6. and he restored Malch●s his ear cut off by Peter , Luke 22. 5● . although he did not use his power to rescue himself . Therefore it is more likely that by form of God is meant the state or Majesty of God , that glory which he had with his Father before the world was , John 17. 5. the Exercise of his Empire , which he had opposite to the state of a Servant which he took , and to the obedience which he yielded to his Father , ver . 7 , 8. For the estate of God is an estate of Empire and Command exercising Power and Dominion , giving of gifts to friends , helping Subjects , subduing Enemies , which Christ did with the Father before he took flesh , but emptied himself of it in his humiliation : which is the more confirmed in that his superexaltation , verse 9. restored that which he emptied himself of : Now that was his Glory and Majesty , all things being made subject to him . And this seems best to agree with the use of the term form , as here it seems to be used : For as the form of a Servant notes that which made him appear to others to be under the command of another , to wit , of his Father , which was that he should lay down his life and take it again , John 10. 18. which was undoubtedly conspicuous to the Angels , and also to those who knew him to be the Son of God ; So the form of God notes that Majesty , Glory , exercise of Empire which he had with his Father , which was apparent to the Holy Angels , and to Abraham who saw his day , and to Jacob and other holy persons afore his Incarnation , and is the same with his being as God , or equal to God. 2. From hence then we may understand what is meant by his being in the form of God , to wit his possession and enjoyment of that glory he had with his Father before the world was , John 17. 5. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 notes the subsistence or being of his person , and the form of God notes his estate of Glory and Majesty , which I conceive expressed by that of the Apostle , 2 Cor. 8 , 9. Ye know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ , that though he were rich , yet for your sakes he became poor , that ye through his poverty might be rich . 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 may be expounded either as an adjective as our translatours render it , equal with God , or as an adverb , and so it is used twelve times in the Greek ve●sion of the Book of Job , Wisdome 7. 3. in Homer , and else-where , and answers to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the Hebrew , and notes likeness , and may be translated , as God : Now whether of these two waies it is to be read , is in my apprehension difficult : I incline to the latter . 1. Because nothing is expressed that may be as a substantive to it , whereas if it were an adjective , either 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 himself , used ver . 7 ▪ or as Came●arius in his note observes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 his things , should be added : As for that which is by Pasor in his Lexicon voce 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from Zanch. de incarnatione Filii Dei , lib. 1. c. 2. imagined , as if there were an ellipsis of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and the sense were , that he was equally God , as God , that is the Father ; it is a bold supplement , that hath not any thing to countenance it in the Text , and gives much advantage to them that say , he is not the same God. In that which he mentions out of Posselius his Syntaxis , p. 134. [ that it is an Hellen●sm , and it is put for the noun substantive equality , as if by the Article 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Infinitive Mood were turned into a Noun , and the sense were as in the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he gives it , he did not snatch , or catch by rapine equality with God ] the interpretation doth suppose , that he counted it not rapine , is all one with , he did not take by rapine , and the verb substantive of the Infinitive Mood , to be turned into a Noun , whereas it is drowned in his sense , and if it were made a Noun , it should be thus read , he did not take by rapine being equality with God , whi●h hath no good sense , and the Adjective or Adverb is made a Noun Substantive , not the Infinitive Mood , and the Noun of equality is made to govern a D●tive case without any Example , when according to that sense by rule God should be in the Genitive : I confess where 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is used adverbially it doth most commonly note simili●ude of action , yet similitude of being is sometimes expressed by it , as Job 11. 12. in the Greek , and elsewhere , and though it note equality , yet also it notes likeness ; and in the same chapter , v. 20. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is translated like minded , and this doth best answer to the use of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ver . 6 , 7 , 8. which note likeness of estate or condition , yet comprehending withall reality of Nature . 2. If it were to be read to be equal with God , it would intimate , that he emptied himself of it as the adversative ; But verse 7. shews , and the phrase , he counted it not a prey , do evince ; but equality with God he could not empty himself of , but must hold it as a prey not to be let go , the contrary whereof the Text doth propound for our imitation . 4. Whence it seems most likely , that the thing he means by his being as God , was his commanding as God , his like doing with his Father mentioned , John 5. 17 , 19. which he did in his presence , and such glory as he had then , and now had not as before , but prayes for its restitution , John 17. 5. Of which see what is said before , Sect. 16. Zanchius parte secunda de tribus Elo●im , l. 3. c. 2. § . 4. quasi filius hominis cum nubibus C●li venit , hoc est Christus pervenit ad gloriam De●tatis post resurrectionem , sicut ego cum m●gnis viris intelligo . 5. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a rare word , yet seems to have the same sense with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , &c. and notes either rapinam or raptum , the act of taking or carrying away , or the thing taken , or ca 〈…〉 d away , both which are expressed by the Greek word , and by the word [ robbery ] which our t●anslators use to answer it , yet I rather render it prey , or spoil , as expressing only the thing gotten , not the act of getting . 1. Because 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cannot be meant of the acquisition , but the thing possessed . 2. It is more agreable to the phrase of emptying himself , which presupposeth a thing had or possessed , which was the form of God , and being as God , and the thing possessed as Robbers or Beasts of prey get what they have . 3. the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is so used by the Greek Interpreters , Job 29. 17. Isa. 42. 22. Isa. 61. 18 , &c. for the thing gotten , although in the latter place it be translated robbery , and the term robbed is as well meant of the person from whom , as the thing gotten by robbery : So also it is used Levit. 6. 4. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , that which he took violently away , Ezek. 19. 6. Ezek. 18. 7 , 13 , 16 , 18. Ezek. 23. 25 , 27. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 6. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 translated by the vulgar Latine arbitratus est , by Beza duxit , by ours thought , may either note an act of judgement , or affection , or purpose , or use : In the first sense to think it not a prey is as much as he did not judge , that the being as God was a thing stoln or gotten by any force or fraud , usurped , or plundered from another , but his own whether by inheritance or free donation : But this is not likely , partly because the inward act of judgement or cogitation is not here propounded to be imitated , but some act of will or affection manifested by outward action or patent fact , which is apparent by the Exhortation , verse 5. where the Apostle saith , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Let the same mind be in you which was also in Christ Jesus , that is have the same will , purpose , resolution , action as he had , who was so far from doing any thing through st●●fe and vain-glory , that he preferred others before himself , not looking at his own things , but the things of others , which he shewed by his not holding fast his Excellency , but emptying himself ; partly also because the act of thinking here denied must be opposite to his emptying himself : For the particle [ but ] being adversative shews the thinking it robbery to be equal with God , or to be as God to be contrary to the emptying ; Now if the not thinking were as much as not judging , then the emptying must be an alteration of his thoughts , or a privation of it , which hath no congruous sense : For the emptying was of himself , or that which he was in being , not of his thoughts of himself , or having other thoughts of himself : Besides the not thinking it robbery or a prey is not an act of sentence determining what was his own or right he had to a thing , but an act of purpose , that notwithstanding his right or possession , yet his resolution was not to retain it , but ( as the emptying , verse 7. shews ) tending to a dereliction of it for a time in obedience to his Father whom he would glorifie on earth , by finishing the work he gave him to do , though by abasing himself , as he saith in his prayer to his Father , John 17. 4. where he relates the event of his errand and business for which he came into the world , and for which he took on him the form of a Servant : which ●eason evacuates that sense which is given by Grotius , Heinsius , and if there be any other , that imagine the sense to be according to a speech of John Baptist in the Syriak Liturgy , that he would not assumere rapinam , that is , do such an injurious thing as to pretend to have greater authority than Christ , that Christ did not think it a wrong to his Father that he was equal to him , or had power of Miracles , and was beheld as God , as Grotius his phrase is : For his act did suppose his ●ight , but expresseth his intent notwithstanding his right , and this antecedent to his emptying himself , taking the form of a Servant , being made in the likeness of men , and ●ending thereto removendo prohibens by removing that which might hinder his emptying himself , not disclaiming his right , but relinquishing his possession of what he had , not doing as Robbers or others , who hold what they have gotten by violence as long as they have any power to keep it , but freely and voluntarily in dutiful subjection to his Father , yielding it up to his hands from whom he received it , in order to the accomplishment of his Will , as it is expressed , Heb. 10. 9. And this also helps to shew that Piscator and those who follow him do mistake in the notion of this phrase , as if it were , as if the Apostle had said , he did not as men that have gotten a spoil by victory , triumphantly make shew of it , but did rather conceal , or hide it at least , for the greatest part of his life forbidding the divulging his Miracles , and that confession which Peter made , Mat. 16. 20. and the Vision in the Mount at his transfiguration , Mat. 17. 9. For then his not thinking it a spoil should be after his emptying , which was when he took the form of a Servant , being made in the likeness of men , whereas it was before , and in his not thinking should be no act of obedience , whereby he took the form of a Servant , nor can be rightly made as tending to the act of emptying himself , which was not in the opinion of others , but in his own diminution , nor did he conceal or hide himself , but both by Miracles and expresse speeches shew himself to be the Son of God , John 1. 14. and 2. 11. and 10. 30 , 32 , 36 , &c. although for some time he inhibited his Disciples to divulge some peculiar Revelations , that no impediment might be to the great design of his suffering and rising from the dead , which he should accomplish at Jerusalem , according to Moses and Elias their conference with him , Luke 9. 31. nor could these inhibitions to some persons be indeed his emptying himself , or making himself of no reputation , or not thinking it robbery or spoil gotten by conquest that he was as God , by not triumphantly boasting of it , but concealing it : For in the event notwithstanding those prohibitions his glory was so known , that immediately his fame spread abroad throughout all the Region round about Galilee , Mark 1. 28. and he who was forbidden to speak of his curing him , yet went out and began to publish it much , and to blaze abroad the matter , insomuch that Jesus could no more openly enter into the City , but was without in desart places , and they came to him from every quarter , Mark 1. 45. Wherefore I conceive , that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 notes a denial of an act elicite of the mind and affections , in esteeming , valuing , affecting , or making account of his being as God , as men do of a prey gotten by violence , which they do so affect or rejoyce in it that they cannot part with it . 2. Of an act imperate of the members in retaining it by claiming or asserting of it , and contending to keep it as a thing which they will not yield up but by force ; and the sense is , Christ being in the form of God , that is the glory of his Father as associate with him in his Empire , did not esteem or hold that his being as God , as if it had been a prey gotten by violence , which he would not relinquish without force ; But &c. Which importance of the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is agreable to the use of it in this Epistle , Philip. 2. 3. and 3. 7. 8. where his accounting all things as loss and dung notes his esteem and dereliction of them as such , and the like use is elsewhere , 1 Thes. 5. 13. 2 Thes. 3. 15. 1 Tim. 1. 12. and 6. 1. Heb. 10. 29. and 11. 26. James 2. 1. besides what occurs in other Authours . And hereunto I may accommodate some of the words which Dr. Merick Casaubon cites in his Diatriba de usu verborum p. 52. out of Cornelius a lapide the Jesuite , As Chrysostom and Vatablus observe , rapere to catch or take by violence signifies by a Metalepsis studiously and contentiously to retain something as if it were snatcht or caught by violence 〈◊〉 rapine , as if he said , Christ did not catch , nor ambitiously sought , as Lucifer , Isa. 14. 13. the equality of God , not as Robbers are wont ( while they being guilty of their evil doing , fear least they should lose it ) studiously ke●p and ambitiously defend the thing caught by them ; but rather of his own accord as a lawful Lord deposed it , or let it go and emptied himself : For the adversative particle [ but ] which follows , when he saith , but he emptied himself requires this : Otherwise it will not be so much an adversative as an explicative , and will be taken improperly , sed , pro , veruntamen , but , for , nevertheless : which leads us to the consideration of verse 7. 7. Where I take 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as an adversative rightly rendered [ but ] not [ yet ] or [ nevertheless ] to which answers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the Greek , and it notes something contrary to what it is said he did not , verse 6. which being the holding of his being as God , that which he did is to be conceived contrary to it , expressed by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which our Translators render made himself of no reputation , and that is by many conceived to have been by concealing or hiding from men his being as God ; But this , as I shewed before , is not right , sith Christ did manifest his glory so as that they beheld his glory as of the only begotten Son of God full of grace and truth , John 1. 14. and by his words and works did indeed what did , and might make him of great reputation , so that he was a Prophet mighty in deed and word before God and all the people , Luke 24. 19. and is contrary to what is said , 1 John 3. 5 , 8. 1 Tim. 3. 16. God was manifested in the flesh ; and also must restrain this act to the time of his converse with men , whereas the Text makes it to have been either antecedent or coincident with his taking the form of a Servant , being made in the likeness of men : Nor is it said , he diminished his esteem , or begat in others a low opinion of him , but he emptied or evacuated himself , that is , became less full than he was ; which is not rightly referred by Grotius , to his living a poor life , but notes some act antecedent to his conversing with men : Heinsius likes it better to render it humbled , than emptied himself , alledging Chrysostom Exercit. Saer . l. 11. c. 2. But sith the Apostle useth that word , verse 8. as a further act of Christs submission of himself beyond that of emptying , verse 7. they are not rightly confounded , but the emptying is to be taken as an act of privation in some sort of somewhat he had , and the humbling to subjection to what was appointed him to suffer . Rightly saith Dr Hammond in his Annotation on Philip. 2. 7. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifies to lessen , diminish ; so Pharorinus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to suffer or undergo diminution , so the Hebrew 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which Jerem. 4. 4. ( it should be 2. ) and 15. 9. is ●rendered 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to empty , is Joel 1. 10 , 12. Nehem. 1. 4. ( mis-printed for Nahum 1. 4. ) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to diminish , and Hos. 4 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , to make little : A diminution then or lessening , or priva 〈…〉 is expressed by it , which is to be conceived to be the form of God , his being as God , the glory he had in possession with his Father , when he commanded with him , but now in respect of use and enjoyment laid it aside , lessened himself from the condition of being Lord of all , to that of a subject and ordinary man , as Dr. Hammond speaks in his Paraphrase , which is confirmed in that it is expressed in the words following , Taking the form of a Servant , being made in the likeness of men , wherein this emptying of himself did consist . 8. The form of a Servant cannot be interpreted merely of Christs v●sage or outward aspectable form : For 1. There is no such outward form which doth distinguish a freeman from a Servant or Slave , but that the one is often as comely and beautiful as the other . 2. Though it be true that by reason of his suffering , his visage was so marred more than any man , and his form more than the Sons of men , as the Prophet fore-told , Isa. 52. 14. yet he took not this form , but it was put on him by his enemies : His whipping , binding and leading away was not the form of a Servant , but of a Prisoner , and he took not these , but under-went them when they were inflicted on him : His Crucifying it is true , was Servile supplicium , the punishment of Slaves , but it was inflicted on others also ; even then when he was Crucified others were Crucified with him , not as Servants , but as Thieves and Robbers , and upon him it was inflicted as on a Malefactor , so that it was written in the title of his condemnation , The King of the Jews , and he was numbered with the Transgressors , Mark 15. 26 , 28. and he was made a curse for us , as it is written , Cursed is every one that ●angeth on a Tree , Gal. 3. 13. Nor is taking of the form of a Servant referred only to his outward poverty , as Grotius conceives , that he took on him the form of a Servant , in that he had nothing of his own , as he said of himself , Mat. 8. 20. For that is not the form of a Servant , it may be the estate of a Son in minority , Gal. 4. 1. And though it were true , that he had no certain dwelling place , yet he had a Bag kept by Judas , out of which distribution might be made to the poor , John 13. 29. Nor is it his Humane Nature , for then it had been the same with being made in the likeness of men : Nor are all mens Servants , and he by his super-exaltation , verse 9. left the form of a Servant , not his Humane Nature : Besides the form of a Servant which he took was not to men , but to God , as appears , from verse 8. where it is said , he became obedient unto death : His obedience was to God his Father , as appears from verse 9. therefore God , that is God the Father , verse 11. highly exalted him , for his obedience to him , Heb. 5. 8. Though he were a Son , yet learned he obedience by the things which he suffered , Now Rom. 6. 16. his Servant any one is to whom he obeys : And therefore Christ obeying his Father is often stiled his Servant , Isa. 52. 13. and 42. 1. Mat. 12. 18. 9. His taking then the form of a Servant was his submission of himself to his Fathers command , according to that which he saith , John 6. 38. I came down from Heaven , not to do mine own will , but the will of him that sent me , and this was his emptying himself : For it is rightly observed by Dr. Pearson Explic. of the Creed , art . 2. p. 135. of the second Edition , that the Apostle explains the emptying of himself , by adding the taking the form of a Servant , not by way of conjunction , but by way of apposition , though I do not conceive , that signifies a clear identity , as he speaks : But that which follows is right , that it is necessary to observe , that our translation of that verse is not only not exact , but very dis-advantagious to that truth which is contained in it : For we read it thus : He made himself of no reputation , and took upon him the form of a Servant , and was made in the likeness of men : Where we have two copulative conjunctions , neither of which is in the original Text , and three propositions without dependance of one upon the other ; whereas all the words together , are but an expression of Christs exinanition , with an explication shewing in what it consisteth : And this also sheweth what was the form of God , and his being as God , like , or equal to God , to wit his Dominion and Empire with his Father , that fulness which he emptyed himself of by taking the form of a Servant , which was restored to him when he was highly exalted , made universal head over all , Ephes. 1. 20 , 21 , 22 , 23. 1 Pet. 3. 22. Heb. 1. 13 , 14. and by his being made universal Judge , Philip. 2. 9 , 10 , 11. compared with Rom. 14. 9 , 10 , 11. 10. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , by us translated of men , is without ground conceived to note , not the Nature of man simply considered , but the state of men in an abject condition : For , 1. There is no example in the Apostles writings of the use of it in that notion . 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the likeness of men , is the same with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the likeness of flesh , Rom. 8. 3. and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , fashion or shape as a man , which notes humane nature or feature simply considered : Nor do the two Texts alledged for the interpreting of men as noting an abject condition , serve for that purpose : Psal. 82. 7. where it is said , ye shall dye 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as men , is so far from noting an abject condition that it plainly notes the condition of mortality common to all ; and the Emphasis is , that though God said , verse 6. they were Gods , and all the Sons of the most High , in respect of their office and dignity , yet they should dye as common men , and fast as one of the Princes ; Ainsworth's note is [ as earthly men ] as Adam ; that is as any other mortal man : So after , as one of the Princes , that is , of the other Princes of the world : See the like , Judges 16. 7 , 11 , 17. which also shews us how to understand the expression , Judges 16. 7 , 11. that Sampson said of himself , that he should be weak and be as one of men , where men notes not the state of abject serv●le men , debassd below other men , or peculiar to some men in such a rank or estate , but a state common to other men , not elevated above ordinary men by an heroical Spirit , and excellent strength , which is apparent from the expressions , verse 13. I shall be weak as one of men , and verse 17. I shall be weak and be as all men , or as Tremellius reads it , sicut unus aliquis homo , as some one man , and so notes this , that then he should have but the strength of one man : Nor is that conceit of Grot●us in his note on Philip. 2. 7. any better , made in the likeness of men ] when he was like to men , to wit , those first men , that is without sin , 2 Cor. 5. 21. which hath no example of using [ men ] for [ the first men ] and the Apostles expression like to that here , Rom. 8. 3. rather ins●nuates the contrary , that he was like to sinful men , when he said , God sending his own Son , is the likeness of sinful flesh and for sin condemned sin in the flesh : Therefore in the likeness of men is to be expounded of them as men according to their humane nature . 11. Likeness of men notes not a bare image or representation , or resemblance as in a vision or picture , but as a Child is said to be begotten in his Fathers likeness , Gen. 5. 3. And so the Authour to the Hebrews , ch . 2. 17. saith , in all things it behoved Christ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to be made li●e unto his brethren , that is , to have the same humane nature in all parts that they have : Thus it is said , Rom. 9. 29. And as Esaias said before , except the Lord of Sabboth had left us a seed , we had been as Sodom , and been made like as Gomorrah , from Isa. 1. 9. where to be , and to be like are the same : More to the same purpose may be seen in Heinsius Aristar . sac . in nonnum c. 19. 12. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is well rendered made in the likeness of men , but it is without Example or reason referred to an act of men , as if they by their injurious usage had thus made him to be as ordinary and vulgar men , who are endued with no Divine Power , or he had by an act of will made himself in his sufferings as such , but it was by the act of Gods Power , that he was made in the likeness of men , and it was when he assumed a humane Nature , or to use the same Apostles words , Gal. 4 4. But when the fulness of time was come , God sent forth his Son , made or born of a Woman made ( the same word which is used , Philip. 2. 7. ) under the Law , or as it is Luke 1. 35. The Holy Ghost shall come upon the● , and the Power of the most High shall over-shadow thee : And therefore it is expounded as expressing the time of his taking the form of a Servant , and to be read , when he was made in the likeness of men , or as Dr. Pearson's Exposition hath it , he took the form of a Servant by being made in the likeness of men , that is as he after expresseth it , when Christs body first was framed , even then did he assume the form of a Servant : In which expression he doth rightly make this place parallel to that of Heb. 10. 5. A body hast thou prepared me , which answers to Psal. 40. 7. concerning which I shall use the words of Mr. Gataker in his Cinnus l. 2. c. 11. Junius , and after him Pis●ator would have the Kingly Prophet to have had respect to that right of boaring the Servants ear , and fastning it to his Masters post , who was willing to be still a Servant , mentioned Exod. 21. 6. when under the person of the Lord Christ , he said , Psal. 40. 7. Thou hast boared mine ears , as if he had said , thou hast addicted me to service and perpetual Ministry : Whence Isa. c. 42. verse 1. Behold my Servant , &c. For which the Greeks , and the Apostle following them , Heb. 10. 5. but a body hast thou made up for me , because to wit , then he put on the form of a Servant , when he assumed humane flesh , and even the likeness of sinful flesh , Rom. 8. 3. Philip. 2. 7. So that the Apostle shews not the identity ▪ but the coincidency of these , the taking the form of a Servant , being made in the likeness of men : Nor can the taking the form of a Servant be referred either to the servile or mean condition he had , when he conversed among men ; or his being made in the likeness of men to any subjection of himself consequent on his Apprehension , Binding and Scourging . 13. The word we translate in fashion , signifies the outward habit of the body , in Aristotles Categories the shape or figure of it , in Geom 〈…〉 the various sc 〈…〉 uations of lines and angles , in Rhetorick the various modes or manners of expressions in speech , the gestures of the body , the affections of the mind , the accidents , occurrences , order of things subl●nary , 1 Cor 7 31. Here it notes the shape or fea●ure of a man , and that with reality of humane nature , as form and likeness were also used . 14. A man notes not either a man in his dejected 〈◊〉 , so as that the sense should be , being found in fashion ( or habite ) as a man ( that is in outward quality , condition , and acting , no whi● differing from a common man ) it being the same with the likeness of men , verse 7. nor as Grotius in his Note , Schema is here axioma , conspicuous dignity , as often with the Greeks , which word also the Syriak Interpreter here used : And 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was seen , As a man , as Adam , that is with dominion over all the creatures , the Sea , Winds , Bread , Water : For which cause that which was said of Adam in Psal. 8. is applied mystically to Christ : For neither is [ man ] put any where in the New Testament that I find , for [ Adam ] but still either Adam , or the first man , nor is it here put with the article 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , as if it noted a special or singular man by excellency , but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a man , that is a man simply considered according to humane nature : Nor is the particle 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as here used as noting only likeness without reality of Nature , but as Sect. 22. is shewed it to be used , John 1. 14. and elsewhere , as a confirming and assuring particle noting certainty : And surely where that in Psal. 8. is applied to Christ mystically , Heb. 2. 6. it notes not man in conspicuous dignity , but rather as contemptible , as the words , what is man that thou art mindful of him ? and thou hast lessened him for a little time below Angels shew , nor is it peculiarly meant of Adam , but of men , as men , as the word Son of man shews , although it be mystically fulfilled in Christ alone , and he be by excellency stiled man , or the Son of man. 15. Found notes not apprehension of him , when he was betrayed by Judas , and laid hold on by the Souldiers ; for it was afore his humbling himself and obedience to death , and if the form of a Servant did note his whipping , and servile usage which was after his apprehension , and yet is set down by the Apostle as antecedent to being found in fashion as a man ; his finding cannot be referred to his apprehension : Nor is his being found appropriated to the time of his conspicuity in the exercise of his Dominion over the creatures , but the fashion as a man being the same with the likeness of men , it notes only his appearing or being as a man , simply considered among men , the word found frequently noting only being or appearing to be , Phil. 3. 9. Gal. 2. 17. 2 Cor. 5. 3. and 11. 12. 1 Pet. 1. 7. Rom. 7. 10. Luke 17. 18 , &c. 16. That of Grotius , he humbled himself ] he did not behave himself according to that dignity , but very humbly , so as to wash his Disciples feet , John 13. 12 , 13. As he emptied , so he humbled , are of the form Hiphil , but signifie to exhibit or shew himself such : So also the Latins say , to make himself courteous ] is not right , the humbling noting not an exercise of the vertue of humility , but patient subjection to affliction , and that not by shewing humility only but by patient undergoing of it : And thus is it used , Phil. 4. 8. I know how 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to be abased or humbled , as appears by the oposite term to abound , and by other places , where he useth the same of himself , 2 Cor. 11. 7. and 12. 21. and is apparent in that the humbling himself is in the Text opposite to his superexaltation , verse 9. Now that doth not oppose the vertue of humility and the exercise of it , which consists with his exaltation but the state of a person debased , which is removed by his super-exaltation : Besides this very place is parallel with that , Acts 8. 32. out of Isa. 53. 7. where of Christ , Philip expounds the words of that Prophet , He was led as a Sheep to the slaughter , and like a Lamb dumb before the shearer , so he opened not his mouth ▪ in his humiliation ( the Noun in the Greek derived from the verb Phil. 2. 8. and so explains it ) his judgment ( or right ) was taken away , and who shall declare his generation ? For his life is taken away from the earth . Lastly , the Text shews wherein his humiliation consists , which was in his being obedient unto death , even the death of the Crosse , which is not rightly translated by our Translators , and became obedient , putting a conjunction copulative without cause as they did , verse 7. and so obscure the meaning of the Apost●e , but it is to be read by apposition , becoming obedient , and so shewing wherein the humbling of himself was . 17. Grotius his note here is not right : He was made obedient to wit to men , Jews as well as Romans : He opposed not that Divine Power to them that took him , condemned him , slew him : So great injuries he patiently underwent for the good of men ; For it was shewed before that the obedience was to his Father , otherwise there had not been such reason of his super-exaliation , as is expressed , vers . 9 , 10 , 11. 18. By this which hath been said , it may appear , that Christs being in the form of God ; and not accounting it as a prey to bb equal or as God was afore his being a man , and consequently , that he had a Divine Being as God afore he was incarnate , and therefore consubstantial to the Father as touching his God-head . 19. It may appear that then Christ emptied himself , when he took the form of a Servant , who was antecedently in the form of God , when he came not to be ministred to but to minister , and to give his life a ransom for many , Mat. 20. 28. 20. That then he did this when he was made in the likeness of men , had a body prepared for him , which proves him to be consubstantial to us according to his Man-hood , which thing was to be demonstrated . SECT . 25. Some Objections against the proof from Philip. 2. 5 , 6 , 7 , 8. are answered . NEvertheless I meet with some Arguments to the contrary , which I think fit to set down in the Authours words . 1. He setteth before them Christs Example exhorting to humility , and therefore the act of Christ which he doth exemplify must be manifest : But to whom was , or could that incarnation , which Christians commonly talk of , be manifest , when they themselves say it passeth the understanding of Angels to comprehend it ? To which I answer : It was manifest by the Angels and others Revelation , and the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that it was so was comprehensible , as is proved before , although the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or manner how it was be incomprehensible , we are to imitate God in many of his works , the manner of which is incomprehensible by us , as being performed immediately , or by invisible Agents , in secret manner ; As Magistrates are to imitate God in his righteous judgement , though it be unsearchable in respect of the manner ; Parents are to imitate God in his providence for his Creatures , though the manner of doing it be indiscernible , and therefore the incomprehensibleness of the incarnation hinders not , but that it being revealed may be propounded as an imitable pattern : Yet in this of our Apostle it is to be observed that he propounds not only Christs incarnation , but also his humiliation in becoming obedient unto death , as an example to be imitated by the Philippians . 2. The Apostle speaketh of our Lord as a man , in that he giveth him the Titles of Christ Jesus , both which agree to him onely as a man : For he is called Jesus as he was a child conceived of the Holy Spirit in the Virgins womb , and brought forth by her , Luke 1. 27 , 30 , 31 , 35. and Christ signifieth the anointed , John 1. 41. and accordingly Jesus is expressly called the Christ of God , Luke 9. 20. But he was anointed ( as the Adversaries themselves will confesse ) as a man , and not as God ; See Acts 10. 38. Whereto I answer , The Title Philip. 2. 5. is given to him , who being in the form of God , took on him the form of a Servant , being made in the likeness of men , and therefore as God-man : And though the name Jesus was given to him upon his conception , or birth , yet it follows not , therefore only as a man : Yea the Exposition of the Appellation as the same with Immanuel , Mat. 1. 23. the Son of God , Luke 1. 35. doth intimate the Title given to him as God , rather than only as man : It is true , his anointing was as man , and that it may be gathered from Acts 10. 38. yet he who was anointed had a Divine Nature , and under both these is considered , Philip. 2. 5. where he is propounded for an example , to wit , in that being in the form of God , he emptied himself , being made in the likeness of men : He who is propounded as an example , was a Saviour , and anointed , but yet not to be imitated in his saving and anoi●ting , but in his obedience to his Father and condescension to us , by laying aside his Glory and Maj●sty , and becoming as a Servant to his Father for us , in which God was with him , and he also God with us , consubstantial with his Father afore , with us at his Incarnation . 3. Had the Apostle here spoken of an assumption of the Humane Nature , he would not have said , that Christ became in the likeness of men , and was found in fashion as a man : For if men ( as the Adversaries must hold , when they alledge this place to prove that Christ assumed a Humane Na●ure , and became man ) be here considered according to their Essence and Nature , this would imply that Christ had not the Essence and Nature , but only the likeness and fashion of a man , and so was not a true and real man : By men therefore are here meant vulgar and ordinary men ; for so this word is elsewhere taken in the Scriptures , as Psal. 82. 6. I have said , ye are Gods ; and all of you are Children of the most High : But ye shall dye like men , and fall like one of the Princes : and Judges 16. 7. Then shall I be weak , and be as one of men ( So the Hebrew Ekadh Haadam signifieth ; ) See also ver . 11. of the same chapter . I answer hereto , that likeness agrees to substance or essence , and not only to quality or condition , and that in neither of the places alledged men is taken for men as abject , is shewed before : If this objection were of force it would prove Christ was made not a really weak man , but in the likeness or fashion of weak men , if [ men ] be considered not as men , but as weak and abject men , Philip. 2. 7 , 8. which it concern'd the Objector to have heeded as well as the Adversaries : Notwithstanding then this Objection men and man , Phil. 2. 7 , 8. may and must be understood of humane Essence and Nature , not restrainedly as applied only to men of a vulgar , ordinary , low or weak condition , and Christ hence proved to be Incarnate , and to have both Natures , Divine and Humane . Other Arguments against the understanding by the form of God the condition or state of Empire , which Christ had with his Father before his Incarnation are in the first part of the disputation of Josue Placeus of Saumur concerning the Arguments by which it is evinced Christ to have been before his conception , disp . 5th . out of Philip. 2. 6. § . 18. in these words , yet in very deed the form of God seems not to us to be placed in commanding : For we dare not affirm that God was not in that infinite time , in which he lived blessed before any creature was made , in the form of God ; But neither also dare we deny that he shall be in the form of God after the last day , in which time perhaps there will be no need , that he command the creatures : He is no less in the form of God when he ceaseth from commanding , then when he commands as a King sitting on his Throne attended by his Guard , Crowned with Majesty and Glory , is in the form of a King , even when he commands nothing . To which I answer , if [ the form of God ] noted only the essence of God , not the state and appearance , it might as well be said of Christ , when he did not rule as well as when he did , when he shall not as well as when he shall , that he was in the form of God : But sith the term emptying himself notes a diminution in something of what he was , and this is expressed ●o be the form of God , in which he lessened or emptied himself , and that was by taking the form of a Servant , and that as a Servant to his Father , to whom he was obedient , it seems plainly to be intimated , that his being in the form of God , or as God , was his commanding as God with his Father : Now as the form of a Servant notes not the essence of a man , but the state and appearance of a Servant , though it presuppose the being of a man , he taking the form of a Servant being made in the likeness of men : so the form of God also is to be conceived to note not the essence of God , but the state and appearance of being God as God , or equal to God in his Rule , though it presuppose the essence of God which he had ; And he might empty himself of the form of God in this sense , it being only a relative condition supervenient to his essence from the respect to subjects to be ruled , which might be taken or laid aside without alteration in essence : As the assumption of an humane body , contract with his Father , Heb. 10. 9. are ascribed to the second Person in the God-head peculiarly without subtraction from , or addition to his essence as God : So we say , that Christ is Mediatour according to both Natures , so as to interceed with his Father according to his Divine Nature , and this had a beginning and shall have an end , and yet his Divine Essence invariable . As for the similitude of a King as it is used , it is not apposite to the point : The King on his Throne that is guarded hath some to command ; Yet if he do not Rule , but only be in the Gesture , and wear the Habit , and hold the Ensigns of a Ruler , may be said to be in the Habit , not in the Form of a King ; as he that hath the Place and Cloaths of a Servant doth not take the Form of a Servant , without taking the Work of a Servant , although he be in the Habit of à Servant . It is added § . 19. It is indeed Divine to command , not to command simply , but effectually to rule all things : For Masters , and Lords , and Magistrates command also : Yea to command seems not to belong to God as God , but as he is Lord : There is some difference between God and Lord ; For from all Eternity God was actually God , but he seems not to have been actually Lord , but when he had Servants or Subjects , to wit Creatures : For it is known that a Lord and a Servant are relatives , whose nature is that they exist together in time ; But although it be a Divine thing to command , yet not whatsoever is Divine is the Form of God. § . 20. For Form is conceived as some permanent thing to command as a transe●nt action : Form as something absolute inherent in the thing informed , to command as an action passing from the Commander to another : Form as that by which the thing is that which it is ; Inward indeed as that by which the th●ng is such essentially , but outward as that by which the thing is what outwardly appears : But to command neither is that by which God is God , neither as that by which he is such as he appears to bé . Lastly , a form is conceived as that which is before action , for the inward produceth action , the outward the manner of the action : For each thing acts according to its form , and the actions of a King are wont to be agreeable to the form of a King , of a Servant to the form of a Servant , of a Merchant to the form of a Merchant , and so in others : To command therefore is an action agreeing to the form of God , not the form of God it self : Otherwise Christ had in like sort taken and deposed the form of God ; taken it as oft as he commanded either Diseases or Devils , or the Sea , deposed it as often as he ceased from commanding : To end , Is it not manifest , that the Apostles words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 existing or when he was in the form of God , signifies a state or condition , not action ; a state I say in which he then was when he emtied himself , and which by emtying himself either he deposed or hid , the form of a Servant being taken ? To which I answer , If the word [ Form ] note a state or condition , as it is granted , and the term [ form of a Servant ] also implies ; and it be a Divine thing to command or rule all things , then by these grants it may well be expounded [ he was in the form of God ] that is , in the state or condition of an Emperour , or co-ruler with his Father ; which being a relative state , he might empty himself of , as he may of the state of Mediatour ( which yet belongs to his Divine Nature ) as being a distinct Person from the Father , although consubstantial or co-essential ; And this state and condition he actually had as soon as any creature was made , the Divine Essence he had afore any creature was , but the form of God , when there was ; and it might be termed the form by which he appeared to be God , by whom and for whom all things visible and invisible were created , Col. 1. 16. though not a permanent or absolute form , as the form of a Servant is so termed though not a permanent , or absolute state , or the form of a King or Merchant , as he speaks : Which being rightly understood answers the four things , by which § . 40. he takes it that he hath proved the form of God to be the Divine Essence . For , 1. Saith he , In what form of God could he be Lord afore he was made a man , but in the very Nature and Divine Essence ? To which I answer , In none , yet the form notes not the Essence of God but the State or Condition of a Lord or Commander , as the form of a Servant notes not the Essence or Nature of a Man , but the state or condition of a Servant , although he were so in no other Nature , than that of a Man. 2. Saith he , In the Nature of God it self sith he is most simple , the external form cannot be separated from the internal . Answ. This I suppose is not true , he had the internal Form or Essence of God afore he was Creatour , and shall have it when he shall cease to be actual Judge of all . 3. Saith he , The truth of this form proves it : For that form of God in which Christ was , was either the true form of God , or the false : If the false , Christ was a false God , which even to pronounce my mind abhors : If true , it was not severed from the internal , and essential Form of God : For what the external form of any thing as of Gold or Silver without the inward , that is commonly called false . To which I answer ; It was the true form of God , and yet might be severed , as the form of a Mediatour or actual Judge of all : Nor is his proof right ; For though that which hath the outward form without the inward be alse , yet that which hath the inward without the outward may be true , as Gold and Silver covered with dirt or drosse , as it is in Mines afore it is refinened , is true Gold or Silver , though the outward form be wanting . 4. Saith he , The equality of Christ with God proves it : For the external form of God separated from the internal , if any can be , makes him not equal to God , as neither the outward and appearing form of a King alone , makes one equal to a King. Answ. That being in the form of God , Christ was equal to God , or as God , may be gathered from the Text , Philip. 2. 6. But not , that the form of God makes him equal to God , which therefore may be though the form of God be laid afide for a time . Plaeceus himself in the same place , Sect. 24. saith , when therefore Christ was in the form of God , equal to God , ●e emptied himself by taking the form not of an inferiour simply , but of a Servant ; So as that whether you look on his Humane Nature , or his condition , or manner of living , or his Office , or Obedience , he plainly se●med not equal to God ; not the Son of God , but the Servant , no otherwise than if as heretofore , when there were two Emperours at the same time , one the Garment of a Servant being taken , and Commands being reco●ved from the other , should apply all his endeavour in executing th●m , it might be al●owable to say , that he when he was in the form of an Emperour emptied himself , the form of a Servant being taken ; which is the same with the sense I give : More to the same purpose he wri●es in his second Book , Disp. 9. Sect. 15 , 16. where he makes his obedience mentioned Philip. 2. 8. to have been in his Divine Nature voluntary and undue , and his superexaltation answerable . By this explication the form of God , Phil. 2. 6 , 7. and Christs exi●an●tion , and the glory he had with his Father before the world was , John 17. 4 , 5. may be understood without that imaginary pre-existence of Christs Soul united with the Word and resplendent with celestial Glory and Beauty among the Angels in Heaven , fancied by Dr. Henry Moor in his Mystery of Godliness , first Book , chap. 8. p. 23. which would infer that Christ was not made an entire man at his Incarnation , but only imbod●ed or cloathed with flesh , which is inconsistent with that which is said in the same place , 〈◊〉 emptied himself , being made in the likeness of men , so that he was the second Adam , or second Man , or Son of man , the man Christ Jesus . And how those expressions of Christs coming down from Heaven , John 3. 13 , 31. John 6. 38. where he was before , ver . 62. coming forth from the Father , and coming into the world , John 16. 28. may be understood without a bo●ily descen● afore his publick Preaching , or pre-existence and descent of the soul of the Messiah from Heaven into an earthly body is shewed before Sect. 14. FINIS . ERRATA . PAge 6. line 14. read said . p. 11. l. 5. r. C●zicenus , p. 14. l. 5. r. eq●ivalence , p. 17. l. 5. 1. of , I. ult . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , p. 19 l. 1. dele which , p. 17. l. ult . r. being , p 19. l. 16. r. Am●tius , p. 29. l. ●3 . read 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , p. 32. l. 2. r. Christ , l. 20. r. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , P. 34. l. 6. r. is the being , p. 35. l. ul● r. imagined , p. 36. l. 17. 1. subsistence , p. 39. l. 18. r. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 p. 66. 1. 26. r. asser — p ▪ 88. l. 26. r. ●lassibus , 〈◊〉 . 122. l. 1. r. without , p. 148. l. 21. dele or . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A62866-e3950 Psal. 148. 5. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Isa. 43. 10. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 notes priority of duration . Notes for div A62866-e8000 Isa. 46. 10. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Notes for div A62866-e9140 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Deut. 15 , 16. is spoken of a Servant cohabiting . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Numb . 22. 9. 1 Sam. 22. 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ver . 23. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Grot. Annot. ad Rom. 16. 26. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 id est longissimo tempore , ut 2 Tim. 1. 9. Notes for div A62866-e10670 Athanasius , Bazil , Nazianzen , Epiphanius , Chrysostom , Hilary , Augustin , &c. John 5. 19. 30. Notes for div A62866-e13710 Acts 22. 11. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 1 Sam. 13. 21. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 verse 23. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Jud. 6. 4. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sustenanc● . So Eze 〈…〉 26. 11. The Greek hath 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 o●rs ; thy strong Garrisons . Wisd. 16. 21. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Substantia tua , Grot. natura mannae Junius , s●●stantia man a te crea●● : Sic m●lim ac●iper● quàm referre ad naturam Dei. R 〈…〉 th 1. 1 〈…〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , hope , 〈◊〉 . 10. 17. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ●e● . 23. 22. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , junius ▪ in consiliò meo . Ezek. 19 5 ▪ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , her hope . Job 22. 20. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Ezek. 43. 11. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Notes for div A62866-e17350 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Chrysost. hom . 12. in Jo. 1. 14. Annot . on Job 24. 14. ( As ) sometimes in Scripture language sets not out the similitude , but the thing it self , Hos. 4. 4. and 5. 10. John 1. 14. Notes for div A62866-e19850 Rom. 15. 16. The Offering of the Gentiles is sa d to be accepted being sanctified by the Holy Ghost . Job 22. 28. Additions to Esther ch . 14. 9. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Numb . 30. 8. Exod. 8. 12. 2 Mac. 12. 25. Prov. 16. 30. Epiphan . panar . l. 1. tom . 1. impress . 19. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Petav. istud diserte significat . Grot. in Rom. 2. 7. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hic idem est quod 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Solent enim ist● particulae permisceri , ut 1 Cor. 12. 8. ubi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 habetur . Ephes 3. 3. & alibi in 1. Cor. 12. 8. Idem ●i● valet 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quod 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in sequentibus . Notes for div A62866-e25950 Vide Danielis Heinsij Arist sac . in Non. c. 19. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ●ob 13. 12. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . ●sa . 51. 23. Job 13. 24. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Job 19. 11. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Psal. 137. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Ez●k . 5. a. 12. Hebrew 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Ezek. 28. 7. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Isa. 51. 7. Vide Gatakeri Cinnum l. 2. c. 10. p. 288 , &c. Vide Gataker ad Antonin . l. 9. Sect. 9. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Philip. ch . 2. ver . 7 , 8. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 idem valent .