The opinion, judgement, and determination of two reverend, learned, and conformable divines of the Church of England, concerning bowing at the name, or naming of Jesus. The one somtime a member of the Vnivertie of Cambridge, in a letter to his Christian freind: the other sometime a member of the Vniversitie of Oxford, in a treatise to his brethren the ministers of the Church of England. Printed at Hambourgh, 1632 H. B., Bachelor of Divinity. 1634 Approx. 86 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 41 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2004-11 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A04429 STC 14555 ESTC S106466 99842182 99842182 6815 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A04429) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 6815) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 743:14) The opinion, judgement, and determination of two reverend, learned, and conformable divines of the Church of England, concerning bowing at the name, or naming of Jesus. The one somtime a member of the Vnivertie of Cambridge, in a letter to his Christian freind: the other sometime a member of the Vniversitie of Oxford, in a treatise to his brethren the ministers of the Church of England. Printed at Hambourgh, 1632 H. B., Bachelor of Divinity. I. H., Bachelor of Divinity. S. O., fl. 1630-1634. Ofwod, Stephen, attributed name. Burton, Henry, 1578-1648, attributed name. 80 p. successors of G. Thorp?], Reprinted [Amsterdam? : Anno 1634. 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Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Jesus Christ -- Early works to 1800. 2004-06 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2004-06 Aptara Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2004-07 Rachel Losh Sampled and proofread 2004-07 Rachel Losh Text and markup reviewed and edited 2004-10 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion THE Opinion , Judgement , and Determination of two reverend , learned , and conformable Divines of the Church of England , concerning bowing at the name , or naming of JESVS . The one somtime a member of the Vnivertie of Cambridge , in a letter to his Christian freind : The other sometime a member of the Vniversitie of Oxford , in a Treatise to his Brethren the Ministers of the Church of England . To the most Reverend , GEORGE , Arch-Bishop of Canterbury , &c. and to the right reverend the rest of the Orthodox Bishops of the the Church of England : This twofold Tractate is inscribed and commended . Printed at Hambourgh , 1632. Reprinted Anno 1634. Mr. H. B. Bachelour in Divinitie to his Christian freind H. D. residing at H. concerning bowing and doffing at the name of IESVS . LOving and beloved freind , being pressed by your Christian importunity , to declare my opinion in a poinct , which though it may seeme to be of small importance , and lesse consequence , yet hath proved matter of no small controversie , and fewell to sett on ●ire some tongues , of those that would ●eeme and affect to be some great Clerks ; ●o as they have not spared in the Pulpit ●like proper Squires , but improper Preachers , to breake forth into bitter invectives , and have , as it were with the finger pointed at some , who have crossed the opinion herein ; I thought it my dutie t● satisfie your desire , for your self , and you● Christian freinds ; not to justifie my self● but the Truth of God , whose Childre● and Scholars we professe to be , so as w● ought to speake nothing against but fo● that Truth ; herein having our Maste● Christ for our Precedent , who sai●h : Fo● this cause came I into the World , that ● should beare witnesse to the Truth . The poinct in question is , about bovv●●ing the Knee at the name or naming o● Iesus . They that are for it , and tooth an● nayle do urge it , presse us with Antiquitie , and Authoritie . Antiquitie is venerable● indeed , if grounded on Veritie , Antiquitie is Auncient . Else , as Tertullianus saith , Custome without truth is but an old moath-eaten Errour . But this Custome ( say they ) is grounded upon , & backed by a double Authoritie : the one of the Church , the other of the expresse syllables of the Scripture . The authoritie of the Scripture is to be adored , the authoritie of the Church to be obeyed , when grounded ●n the Scripture . First then , let us see what Antiquitie ●n say for the poinct . Zanchius is spe●ally here alleaged , who saith , Hinc non abito , &c. Hence I doubt not , but that most ancient custome sprang up in Churches , that ●hen Iesus is named , all uncover their heads , ● token of reverence and adoration . Zanchy ●ubts it not , but with all he proves it ●t . Only he addeth , This Custome ( saith 〈◊〉 ) vvas confirmed against the Arrians , ●●d other Heretiques , vvho affirmed this Ie●●s to be a meere man. And this Custome ●as not to be disliked , but aftervvards it ●as turned into Superstition , as also many ●●her pious and holy institntions . So he . Now , it had been well , if this learned ●uthor had distinctly sett downe , both ●hen this Custome was instituted and ●nfirmed , and when turned into super●tion , that so we might be resolved , whe●er the capping or crowching now in 〈◊〉 be not the Relique of that superstitiō mentioned . Perhaps he fetcheth the first ●●stitution from the Counsell of Mentz , under Charles the Great Anno 813. cap. 59. as sett downe by our reverend Doc●●tour Willet , in his Synopsis Papismi , Par●● religione , &c. Let men vvith the like devotion at the name of our Lord and Saviour Iesus Christ , as likevvise at the Gospell , th● Magnifica , Benedictus nunc dimittis , Glo●ria in Excelsis , Gloria Patri , and other part of the Divine Service , so commpose themselv● by bowing the knee uncovering the head , an● the like gesture of the whole body , as the may seeme to have their minde occupied 〈◊〉 those things that are done . So the Counsell whereupon Dr. Willet saith this : I no● out of this Decree 3 things ; First , that the should bovv at the name of Christ , as well a when Iesus is named ; Secondly , that the lik● reverence should be vsed , when as othe● psalmes are sung , and vvhen mention is ma● of the Father , and the Holy Ghost , as in th● Gloria Patri ; Thirdly , that this gestur● should not be done in reverence to name Words , or Syllables so pronounced , but on● to declare our attention . Thus then we see , that this Superstitions Custom , in bowing to the name of Iesus only , ●s contrarie even to their owne Popish Ca●ons and Decrees . The like thing also was decreed Synod . Augustens . cap. 23. So he . This then happily being the institution mentioned by Zanchy , let us enquire out the time , when it began to be ●e turned to superstition . In the 13. Centurie , about Anno 1273. at Lyons in France was a Generall Counsell held , where Pope Gregorie the 10. instituted this Superstitious Custome , now in use in the Popish Synagogues . The Centuriatours sett downe the Counsell words : Convenientes ibidem , &c. Let the people , assembling in the church , with an exhibition of speciall reverence honour that name , which is above every name under Heaven given to men , wherby beleevers must be saved , to weet , the name of Iesus Christ , who shall save his people from their sinnes ; and vvhich is generally written , that in the name of Iesus every knee should bow , every one performing it for himself in particular , and especially while the sacred mysteries of the Masse are in hand , so often as that glorious name is named , let them bow the knee of their hearts , testifying it vvith the bowing downe of their heads . So the Counsell . And these very words of the Counsell are recorded also in the Decretales of Boniface the S. in Sexti lib. 3. De immunitate Ecclesiae Tit. 23. cap. 2. Decret . Now , hereby the way , it will not be impertinent to note some coincident circumstances of the time of this superstitious Institution . Pope Gregorie , the Author of it , was he , who of an Archdeacon was chosen Pope , after 3 yeares vacancie of the Popedome , such was the dissention and ambition of the Cardinals , each aspiring to make himself Pope , 〈◊〉 that being assembled at Viterbium , to elect the Pope , and invocating the comming downe of the Holy Ghost , one of the Cardinalls said : O Lord , let us uucover the roofe of this House , because the Holy Ghost cannot come down amongst us , through ●o many roofes and seelings . And when ●his Archdeacon was chosen Pope , the same Cardinall made this Distick ; Papatus munus tulit Archidiaconus unus : ●t Patrem Patrum fecit discordia fratrum , The Papall Throne befell an Archdeacone , Whom breth'rens jarre made Father of Fathers one . This may note the corruption pride & ambition of that Age , wherein this superstition obtained a Papall Institution . The superstition , if not Idolatrie , is palpable : for we see honour and adoration ●oth of mind and body , is given to the ●ery Name Iesus , whensoever it is named , ●nd that especially during the Mysterie of the Masse ; as if this name had some singular vertue , when mentioned in the Masse , more then out of all the Masse . And who doubteth , but this superstitious Institution was a notable meanes to mask the abominable Idole of their transubstantiate breaden God , not long before decreed by Pope Innocent 3. in the Counsell of Lateran ; the adoring now of the very name of jesus , making the adoration of the corporall presence of Christ ( as they imagine ) the lesse to be stuck at ; For if the very name be to be adored , much more the body it selfe . And by this bowing in the Masse , I take it , our ignorant people , in the beginning of the Reformation , had learned to make leggs at the naming of Iesus in the time of the Gospell , especially when the Gospell was not preached . But this may suffice briefly to have shewed the Gibeonitish , mouldie and hoary Antiquitie of this superstitious Institution , set up by Antichrist , not above 355 yeares ago . Not but that this superstition was in use long before . As , Pope John the 20. gave Indulgence of 20 yeares pardon so often as any bowed at the name of Iesus ; not unpractized in Italie at this day . Now , to the avouched for this adoration ; and 1. of the Church . For this the 15. Canon is alleaged . The words are , When in time of Divine Service the Lord Iesus shall be mentioned , due and lowly reverence shall be done of all persons present , as it hath bene accustomed . Now first , who will understand that this due reverence is to be done , only in time of Divine Service , and not also of the Sermon ? This might seeme to come too close at the heeles of Popish Superstition . Secondly , it is not said ( as in the Papall Canon ) When the name of Iesus is named : but , When the Lord Iesus is mentioned ▪ Now , the Lord Iesus is the person of Iesus ( and not the name of Iesus ) to whom all due reverence is to be done , by what name soever he is in Scripture made knowne unto us . For doe we reverence the person for the name-sake ? or the name for the person-sake ? If the person for the name-sake , that were flat Idolatrie : but if the name for the person-sake , then every name of the Lord Iesus , as Christ , Immanuell , &c. should draw from us reverence to our Lord Christ. Thirdly , the Canon wills due reverence to the Lord Jesus , and who so imprudent , so impious , as to denie it ? But this due reverence is such as is grounded on Gods Word ; Else , it is no due reverence , but will-worship rather . Now , Gods word putts no such difference betweene Iesus and Christ , as that we should more worship the Lord Christ by the name Iesus , than the Lord Iesus by the name Christ ; as we shall see anone . Fourthly , the Canon commands such reverence , as hath beene accustomed . Now , I hope no good Protestant will say , that here we are sent to the superstitious custome of the Synagogue of Antichrist , taken up from that Papall Institution above named . For as for superstitious Ceremonies our † Church hath long ago professedly abolished , & sent them packing to their mother and inventer at Rome . But if any former custome founded upon the Institution at Mentz ( fore-specified ) be there meant in the Canon , then this due lowly Reverence , whatsoever it is , is to be done to Christ , whensoever by any of his names he is mentioned : as the Learned Doctor Willet ( now with God ) hath before observed . In the second place , they presse us with the Authoritie of the Scripture ; what Scripture ? Phil. 2 , 10. And hath given him a name above every name , that at the name of Iesus every knee should bow . But our comfort is , that the Canon expresseth no such thing , as grounding any such reverence upon this Scripture : which is a thing well-worth our noting . Yet because many ground their bowing at the Name of Jesus upon the said place , therein concurring with the Papall Institution , fore-mentioned : Let us a little examine the place . First , our Church in all her Translations of the Bible , hath by her judicious collations , and marginall quotations of other places of Scripture with that ( Phil. 2. 10. ) cleerely interpreted the place to meane , the supreame and Sovereigne Power of Christ over all Creatures , men and Angells , which shall be fully accomplished at his comming to judge the quicke and the dead , when all knees shall bow unto him the knee of subjection , receiving at his mouth their sentence , either of Absolution or Condemnation : For these purpose , one place quoted in the margent , is Rom. 14 , & 11. the other Isai. 45 , and 23. Both which places shew that the bowing of the knee is taken metaphorically , betokening subjection and acknowledgement of Christs supreame Authoritie over all Creatures in Heaven , Earth , and under Earth , as sole Iudge of all ; So as the name of Iesus is taken for the Power of Iesus Christ over all Creatures , as Mark. 16. 17 Act. 3 , 16 , and 4 , 10 , Prov. 18 , 10 , and infinite places more , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the originall , in the vulgar Latin , and our eldest English Translations render . In the name of Iesus . Not , at the name of Iesus . And though revereud Beza render it , Ad nomen Iesu , yet in his Annotations he interprets it of Subjection of all creatures to Christ , taking bowing of the knee methaphorically , or in a borrowed sence . Besides , this giving to Christ a name above every name , is not any addition , but a manifestation of Christs supreame Authoritie in the full execution of it , as Mediatour , now after his resurrection in the state of glory : as Matth. 28 , 18 , and Ioh. 5 , 21. His Godhead now shining forth in its full brightnes ( as Rom. 1 , 4 ) Which had bene cloweded under the vayle of his flesh , in the State of his humiliation , Phil. 2 , 7 , 8. * Theophylact by this name above every name , understands , the Son of God , which Title surpasseth all names . And † Gregory Nazianzen understands it of the Holy Trinitie , and saith , that the people of Christ to this day never understood it otherwise . And ‡ Gregory Nyssen saith , that this name above every name doth signifie an unspeakeable power and nature . And ‖ S. Hierome in this place understands this name above every name of the Sonne of God. Thus the old Interpreters . To these I might adde many more : as Hilary , cited by Sixtus Senensis ; who expounds that in the second Psalme : I will give thee the Heathen for thine inheritance , &c. by Phil. 2 , 10. So Tertullian ; So * Origen ; So Cyril . Thesauri lib. 3. cap. 2. So Chrysostome de Iona Propheta ; Super verbis Zachariae , Ecce vir , Oriens nomen ejus . So Cyprian , expositio in Symbolum Apostolorum . Christus tria pariter regna subjecit : hoc judicat , ubi ait , Quia in nomine Iesu omne genu flectatur caelestium , &c. So Athanasius , de incarnatione Christi . Et contra Arrianos lib. 2. Nomen super omne nomen : ut regnaret in Coelis , & potestatem haberet judicij cū faciendi , &c. So Ambr. in Phil. 2. So Augustin . in Psal. 109. So Gloss. in●rlin . & Ordinar . Quia Christus ostendi●r post Resurrectionem esse Dominus Caele●●stium , & terrestrium , & infernorum , &c. And all the Fathers ●nanimously runn 〈◊〉 this straine . And among Popish in●●rpreters , let the testimony of Aquinas●●d ●●d Anselme suffice , understanding it 〈◊〉 the subjection of all Creatures . And ●●●uno : Donavit nomen , id est , honorificen●●m , ut ad honorem Iesu , omne genu flecta●●●●d est , omnia ipsi plene subjiciantur , Ho●●t in die judici● . And that this is the ●●e sense of the place , according to o●●er Scriptures , the Church of England 〈◊〉 testifie , which in the margent of the ●●glish Translations conferreth , Phil. 〈◊〉 10. with Rom. 14. 11. and Isay 45. 23. ●sal . 2. 10. For the latter , let Beza speak : name●aith ●aith he signifieth dignitie , and renowne , ●t joyned with the thing it selfe ; as Ephe. 〈◊〉 21. For that Osiander referreth this to 〈◊〉 very name of Iesus , which he confounded ●●th Iehovah , is the meere doctage of a mad ●●utheran . So he . Againe , the Holy Ghost himself expoundeth the name of Iesus here , of 〈◊〉 person of Iesus , as Isa. 45. 23. and Rom ▪ 14. 11. to which this place hath speci●● reference ; as also Mal. 1. 1. and Ioh. 12. ● ▪ as also of the power of Christ , Exod. 2● ▪ 21. For my name is in him ; that is , my ●●vine power is in him ( that Angell of 〈◊〉 Covenant ) to protect or punish . To this purpose , the late Revere●● Bishop Babington ( one of the late G●vernours of our Church ) on the Lo●● Prayer , the first Petition expounded these words , [ that at the name of Iesus ●●●ry knee should bow ] thus : that is ( saith 〈◊〉 not when the word is pronounced , we sho●● make a curtesie , but we shall all and ev●● creature be subject to his power , authority , 〈◊〉 dominion . The place is worth the r●●ding at large : also in his exposition up●● the Creed , where confuting the Pop●●● superstition about this name Iesus , as ●mong the rest , how by this name a so●●diour was helped out of S. Patricks P●●gatorie , and the like : He saith , I thi●● the place to the Philippians is not well und●●stood hath and doth deceive them . Indeed ●hey are easily deceived , that will not ●earch ●o● truth , and they are justly given ●ver to strong delusions , that delight in ●rrou● , and have not a love of the Truth : ( They lies do love that ertours do defend , And he is vertues fo , that is errours freind . ) Otherwise the place to the Philip●ians would not be so grossely mistakē , if ●●e ma●ke whence the Apostle tooke it , ●●d compare spirituall things with spiri●uall things . The place is borrowed ●rom the Prophet Isaih , and therefore by ●onsequence evidēt , that the word name , ●ignifieth Power glorie , honour , and autho●itie , above all powers , glories , honours , and ●uthorities , and bowing the knee , signifieth ●ubjection , submission , and obedience of all Creatures to his beck , rule , and Government . This knew the auncient Fathers , S. Origen , ( Non est carnaliter hoc accipiendum , quasi caelestia , ut Sol , Luna , Angeli , genu● aut lingua habeant : Sed genu flectere significat , cuncta subjecta esse , & cultui Dei obe● dire . ) who upon Rom. 14. 11. where these words be againe saith , These words are no● to be taken carnally , as though things in Heaven , as the Sunne , Moone , Angels , &c. ha● knees , or tongues : but to bow the knee signifieth , that all things shall be subject and obedient to the service of God. So he ; wher● he also alleageth Ierome , Theophylact , Ambrose , The † Glosse , Beda , and some Popis● Authours of the same mind . And Gre●gory Nyssen in his disputation , de Anim● & Resurrectione , saith , that this bowing ● the knee signifyeth the unanimity of men an● Angells , in confessing Christ. Hereunto let me ad what * D. Wille● hath said of this matter in an answer to the Rhemists cavil against Protestāts abou● it . The name of Iesus , say they , ought to 〈◊〉 worshipped by capping and kneeling there unto , by wearing it in their capps , vnd setti● it up in solemne places : alleaging for the● purpose that of S. Paul , that at the nam● of Iesus every knee should bow , Phi. 2 , 10 Yea , they say , that Protestants , by abolishing the name and image of Christ , doe make a way for Antichrist . Rhem. Annot. Phil. 2 , Sect. 2 , and Rev. 13. 7. To this he answereth in the Protestants name , saying : The bovving at the name of Iesus , as it is used in Poperie , to bend the knee at the sound thereof , is not commanded ●n this place ; which shevveth especially the subjection of all Creatures , of Turks , Iewes , Infidels , yea of the Devills themselves , to the power and judgement of Christ. Secondly , Protestants have only taken away the Superstitious abuse of the name of Iesus . Thirdly , the kneeling at the name of Iesus is Superstitiously abused in Poperie : For the people stoop only at the Sound , not uuderstanding what is read , and so make an Idoll of the Letters and Syllables , adoring & worshipping the very name , when they heare or see it : And againe , in sitting , and not v●illing at the name of Christ , Immauuell , God the Father , the Sonne , and the Holy Ghost , and bovving only at the name of Iesus . Dis Fulk ibid. Fourthly , due reverence may be used to our Saviour , without any such Ceremony of capping and kneeling saith Fulk : neither doc vve binde any of necessitie to use this Reverence to the Name of Iesus , as the Papists doe , which thinke Christ cannot otherwise be honoured ; neither doe we judge and condemne those that doe use it , being free from Superstition , and grounded in knowledge , and carefull not to give offence ; for superstitions and offensive ignorance is not in any case to be defended . Fifthly , this outward reverence at the name of Iesus was taken up amongst Christians , because of all other names it was most derided and scorned of the Pagans and Iews : and therefore they did the more honour it . But now there is greater daunger of Popish Superstition , in abusing holy things , than of Paganisme , in utterly contemning them , and therefore there is not such necessity , and just occasion of using this externall gesture , as was in former times : it was not used of necessitie ●hen , much lesse now . So he . D. Fulk also in his answer to the Rhemists on that place , ( besides that alleaged by Dr. Willet from him ) saith , in particular , to the Iesuites . You complaine that to remove such impietie , as the Image and name of Iesus , is to abolish all true Religion out of the World ; and to make men plaine Atheists . The same was the complaints of the Pagans against the Christians . But to worship God only , according to the Prescript of his Holy Word , is true Religion , and to teach men to worship contrary thereunto , it maketh men either Idolaters , or altogether Atheists . And when you say the Popish Church doth not honour those things , nor count them holy , for their matter , colour , sound , &c. but for respect and relation they have to our Saviour ; it is too short a Cloke to cover your Idolatry . For the same was the perswasion of the Israelites , in their Golden Calfe , which they did not honour for the matter , colour , fashion , but for the relation it had to God , that brought them out of Egypt , Exod. 32. 4. 5. The like of Ieroboams Golden Calves , 1 King. 12. 28. So he . Yea , we may note also from the Rhemists owne confession , that they place all their Religion in such superstition , as the adoration of Images , of the Crosse , and of the name Iesus , &c. Seeing they charge Protestants , with abolishing all true Religion out of the world , by their abolishing Popish Superstitions . And howsoever , they would salve and colour over the matter , that they worship no● the very syllables , and name simply of Iesus : yet in Revel . 13. 17. they bew●ay their Hypocrasie and Idolatrie , in charging Protestants , for taking away the honour and reverence of the name of Iesus : which name , as the Iesuites Characterize in capitall Letters , so they doe not obscurely ascribe honour and reverence to the very name IESVS . But whereas they charge the Protestants by removing the worship of Images , Crosses of the name Iesus , and the like , together with the things themselves out of their Churches , to make roome for Antichrists Image , Marke , and Name ; We answer , that these superstitions and idolatries of the whore of Babylon have beene the fittest Vshers , to make roome for the Antichrist of Rome , and the fairest colours to painte the whores face wath all , specially this seemingly pious word innocent bowing at the name of Iesus . And of all other , the Iesuites have most need to advance the adoration of the name IEsus , they having nothing of Christ , but bare Iesus , to make them Bar Iesusses , to bewitch the World with this name , that when men either heare the Societate Iesu , they may bow to this Iesuiticall Societie , or when they see I●HS in the frōt of their Books , they may beleeve all to be Gospel written therein . Thus we have sufficiently with a Cloud of witnesses cleered the Scripture from being any ground of superstitious adoration of the name of Iesus : to which might be added a Catalogue more both of old and new writers , and that both PROTESTANTS and Papists , but it were both needlesse , and would make an Epistle endlesse , as this allready hath passed the bounds of an ordinary Letter . And chiefly needlesse , to heap up more testimonies , seeing the Canon alleaged doth not alleage this , or any other Scripture , as hath beene observed . How far then reacheth the command of the Canon in this case ? Surely , not to any superstitious adoration of the name Jesus . Superstition we all disclaime . If to cap or knee , bow or doffe , at the naming of Iesus , be superstitious , the Canon chargeth it not . Worship to Christ it commandeth , spirituall , and corporall , Right and reason . This command is Apostolicall , Corinth . 16. 20. But corporally or spiritually to worship Christ at the naming of Iesus , rather than at the naming of Christ , is to prefer the name Iesus before the name Christ , a● of higher accompt ; whereas the Apostle Peter saith : Let all the House of Israell know assuredly , that God hath made that same Iesus , whom ye have crucified , both the Lord and Christ. So that , to be Lord & Christ , is that name above every name , seeing that Iesus , in his humiliation is now made Lord and Christ in his exaltation . Wherenpon it is , that Beleevers are called Christians , of Christ the Lord , though the Antichristian Society ▪ affect to be called Iesuites , as the more honourable Title . When therefore the Canon saith , When ●he Lord Iesus is mentioned , &c. it meaneth plainly the 〈◊〉 of Christ by any of his Name , Titles , or Attributes , and so by a Synechdoche , a part for the whole , commandeth all due and lowly reverence to Christ , yea , to the whole Trinitie ; whensoever they are solemly mentioned by other of their Names . For the purpose , the person of Christ the Mediatour , is expressed by sundry nams , not only by the name IEsus , but by the name Christ , Immanuell , by the Titles of Mediatour , Saviour , ( which is but Jesus in English ) David our King , the Lord our righteousnesse , This is the name whereby he shall be called , The Lord our righteousnesse : also Isa 9. 6. His name shall be called Wonderfull , Counseller , the Mightie God , the everlasting Father , the Prince of Peace ; Also Revel . 19. 13. His name is called the Word of God , and the like . Now then , we being commanded , to give due and lowly reverence when we heare the Lord Iesus mentioned , to weet , when we heare his sacred Person mentioned : we are consequently enjoyned to give due and lowly reverence to Christ , whensoever by any of his sacred names whatsoever made knowne unto us in Scriptyre , he is mentioned unto us . But this , will some say , will be an infinite labour , for then in time of divine service we should do nothing else almost , but be bovving or doffing , or the like . Why ? who prescribes bovving or doffing , or the like particular reverence , or gesture ? Would they force or streine the CANON beyond the due limites ? It prescribes only due and lowly reverence in generall , How is that ? Is not the generall externall reverence expressed in having our Heads uncovered in time of Service and Sermon ? Is not this a token of our subjection to the Lord Iesus Christ ? See Corinth . 1. 11. 3. 4. So then we being in the Church with our heads uncovered , in time of prayer and preaching ; Is not this a due and lowly reverenca ? Yea , I say , during the time of prayer and preaching ; For , is it not all done in the name of Iesus Christ ? Doe we not pray in his name ? Doe we not preach in his name ? Christs name then being the summe & subject of the sacred ministration , who shall denie all due and lowly , not only internall , but also externall reverence to the Lord Iesus , and to God the Father in his name , while all along and throughout the name of Christ is celebrated in the sacred Ministration ? And this seemeth to be the summe of the CANON . But some may object : That the Canon enjoyneth reverence in generall , as uncovering of the head , and also some speciall reverence over and above when the Lord Iesus is mentioned . I answer ; first , this speciall reverence is not expressed what , or how , but as hath beene accustomed . But the Superstitious custome of the Synagogue of Rome , our Church disclaimeth , as before . Againe , saying , when the Lord Iesus is is mentioned ( not when the name Iesus is named : ) If there be a speciall outward reverence to be done , when the person of Christ , or the Lord Iesus is mentioned : then , by the very words of the Canon , this reverence is to be done , wheu the Lord Iesus is expressed , or mentioned by any one of his names , titles , or attributes , as we shewed before ; which agreeth with the Institution at the Councell of Mentz , according to Dr. Willets judicious observation , fore-noted . Otherwise , to bo● or doe some other speciall outward revetence when Iesus is named , and not as well when Christ is named , or Immanuell , or the like , or the Father , or the Holy Ghost , is superstitiously to preferre Iesus before Christ , if not to make an Idoll of the name IEsus , in the very syllables and lettres of it , seeing those that bow at the name IEsus , do not bow at the name Saviour , which is the English of Iesus ; This is to do reverence to IEsus in Greek or Latine , but not in English. Or , is there more vertue , than in the name Christ ? To think so , is popish superstition and sottish ignorance , like that of the Iewes , in the scrupulous naming Iehovah . Or , if a man will stiffly hold to the Letter of the Canon , then he must not simply do reverence , when IEsus is mentioned , but when the Lord Iesus is mentioned . And this were a more safe way to prevent the perill of bowing to any other IEsus , as Iesus , which is Iosuah , or the like ; Into which errour , the vulgar easily and usually runne into ; ( yea , and some great men in mine owne observation , ) If men bowed onely at the mention of the Lord Jesus , ( as the Canon hath it ) which title of Lord , distinguisheth this IEsus from all other Iesusses in Scripture . Here let me sett downe some form of Arguments , proving , that the CANON cannot meane , that externall Adoration is to be used at the naming of Jesus . Whatsoever is spoken of the Lord Iesus , is spoken of the person of Iesus , and not of the name of Iesus . But the Canon speaketh of the Lord Jesus . Ergo , the Canon speaketh , and so meaneth the person of the Lord Iesus , & not of the name Iesus , where it saith , when the Lord Iesus is mentioned . The Minor is plaine . The Major is no lesse plaine . But it is answered , the Lord Iesus is mētioned under the name Iesus . I answer , not only the name IEsus , but other names are aequall expressions of the person of the Lord Iesus . If therefore the person of the Lord Iesus be to be adored , when he is named , or mentioned , then as well when he is named Christ as Iesus . But the Canon mentioneth no Adoration at the name of Christ ; Ergo , neither meaneth any at the naming of Iesus . Or thus : Whatsoever is spoken of the Lord Iesus , is spoken of his Person . But the name of Iesus , is not the Person of the Lord Iesus ; Ergo , the mention of the Lord Iesus , is not meant of the name of Iesus . Or thus : He that saith , that when the Lord Iesus , which is the Person of Iesus , is mentioned , the name Iesus only of all his other names is meant , he denieth and excludeth all other names , whereby the person of Christ is expressed . But the CANON doth not denie other names of Christ , wherby he is mentioned or expressed . Ergo , the Canon doth not mean by the mention of the Lord Iesus the name Iesus onely of all his other names . Or thus : He that saith , that by the mention of the Lord Iesus , is meant the name or the naming of Iesus , confounds the name Iesus with the person of Iesus , and so makes the name Iesus an Idoll , as all one with the Lord Iesus . But the Canon doth not confound the name Iesus with the Lord Iesus . Ergo , the Canon , by the mention of the Lord Iesus , ●annot meane the name Iesus , when it is mentioned . Else it must necessarily command the Creature to be worshipped . If any reply that the adoration at the name Iesus hath relation to the Person of Iesus : The Iesuites say as much for this adoration , and for all other Idoll worship . But the Canon speakes not of the name Jesus , but of the Lord Jesus personally . Or thus : He that worshippeth the Lord Iesus , when the name Iesus is only mentioned , and not when he is mentioned by any other of his names , ( because the Canon saith , when the Lord Iesus is mentioned , &c. ) preferrs the name Iesus before other of his names , as Christ , &c. But the CANON doth not preferre the name Iesus before the name Christ. Ergo , the Canon meaneth not by the Lord Iesus the name Iesus only . Or thus : If the CANON be taken and meant o● the name Iesus , when it saith vvhen the Lord Iesus is mentioned , then the name Iesus is the Lord Iesus . But the name Iesus is not the Lord Iesus . Ergo , the Canon cannot be taken and meant of the name Iesus , when it saith , when the Lord Iesus is mentioned . Or thus : All Adoration must be grounded on the Word of God. But this Adoration at the name Iesus , or naming of Iesus , is not grounded upon the Word of God. Ergo , the Canon cannot mean adoration at the name Iesus , or the naming of Iesus . The Major is proved , Isai. 29. 13 , & Mar. 7. 7. For the Minor , if it have any ground in Gods Word , then , Phil. 2. 10. But that is no ground , as hath beene proved . For it is not said there , In or at the name Iesus , but in or at the name of Iesus ; so as Iesus there is plainly meant of the person , not of the name . And therefore all our Translations have it , either , In the name of Iesus , or , At the name of Iesus , and not , in , or at the name Iesus . But here I am pressed by some ( me thinks ) to declare my conscience , whether in good sadnesse I do not thinke it was the mind of those that compiled and cast the Canons , that an outward speciall reverence , as capping , or kneeing should be done when the name Iesus is named . I answer , first , we are to make the most charitables construction , and such as is agreeable to Truth , of the words , especially of our Forefathers , as farre as they are capable . Secondly , suppose some one or two of them had any such meaning , as so●● would pin upon them , yet were it the duty of good Children to cover their Fathers naked meaning with the mantle of filiall charitie , and of a favourable construction . Thirdly , howsoever , some perhaps in their meaning suffer as men , yet herein were they wise men , in not expressing more in words than Gods word doth warrant . And in a word , for my part , I have a good hope , that their meaning was no worse than their saying . But at length , to shut up all : Let me tell you what I have observed in those that are most superstitiously observant of bowing or doffing at the naming of Iesus : They are commonly ignorant , or very prophan persons , that with the Iewes will singe Hosanna to Iesus , and cry crucifie Christ. So these will deifie Iesus with their head , and crucifie him with their hands and tongues , by their lying and swearing and wicked living . Or else , such are couzening Papists , or popishly affected , combining and complying with Poperie , placing all their Religion in externall Rites , and Superstitious Ceremonies , and abandoning the power and substance of true Religion , feeding Hypocrasie , with a vaine opinion , that they have done God good service , when they thus honour this name IEsus , being mortall ennemies to Christ and his Gospell , and the true professours of it . Such are they that would set up Antichrist againe , that are so ready to bow , cap , cring , or kneel to this Superstitions , being ennemies of the crosse of Christ ; Whose end is damnation , whose God is their belly , which mind Earthly things . Now , the Lord purge us more and more from all Antichristian Superstition and Idolatrie , and establish our hearts in his saving Truth , to our eternall salvation AMEN . Your true loving freind in Christ Iesus . OF Doing reverence , and particularly of bowing the knee at the name of IESVS . By the Reverend I. H. Bachelour , in Divinitie : Who sometimes having erred , and gone astray from the Church , afterwards at a publike place , preached , & by command published a Testimonie of his heartie re-union & humble submission to the church of England , his acknowledged deere Mother . To his reverend Brethren , the Ministers of the Church of England . IT is certaine , that the Christians , who lived in the best Ages of the Church , did aunciently observe the Ceremonies of uncovering the Head at the Name of Iesus , as learned Zanchy doth manifestly confesse , in his Comment ▪ upon Phil. 2 , 10. A custome ( saith he ) not to be dissalovved ; for it was a testimony of reverence & adoration of our Lord Iesus Christ , which was introduced Originally , in regard of the Iewes and Gentile , who despised him ; and reteined afterwards against Arrians and other Hereticks , impugning the Divinitie of Christ. This reason of the said Ceremonie now ceassing , the Ceremonie it selfe might ceasse with it : for so it is in the Law , the soule thereof , ( namely the reason of it ) being gone , the Law doth consequently ceasse with it . Notwithstanding , because Mr. Hooker , lib. 5. Sect. 50. and many learned men doe observe some other reasons for the continuance of the Ceremonie of bowing the knee at the name of Iesus , as a thing Lawfull , yea lawdable , in some sort , but in no wise necessarie , ( as it shall afterward appeare , ) I will co●f●sse with that famous Divine Doctour Fulk , on Phil. 2 , 10. that it may be well used . Howbeit , as Zanchy noteth of uncovering the Head ; so I may say of bovving the knee at the name of Iesus , that it hath beene perverted to a superstitious practise ▪ For , as many abuse this Ceremonie in the Church of Rome , so some abus● it in the Church of England . Now , the reasons why Christians did use reverence at the name of Iesus , by cap or knee , or both , rather than at any other name , ( though it and they importing one and the same thing so their understandin ) are many . First , because this name above all other Names , was in great detestation and contempt , as Festus speaketh of him , Acts 25. 19. The Ievves had question against Paul , touching one Iesus . This name also by the ignominie of the Crosse , upon his title Iesus of Nazareth was placed , became more execrable to the unbeleevinge World. Secondly , it was his proper name , or the name of his person , appointed by God , foretold by the Angell , Luke . 1 , 31. imposed in his circumcision , Luke . 2 , 21. where he had his peculiar and distinct appellation , and yet this is his personall Name , not only as he is Man , but as he is one Christ , and subsisteth in two natures , Divine and Humane . Thirdly , because of the signification , for it doth expresse the Office of the Redeemer , in the worke of Salvation , Matth. 1 , 21. Fourthly , men tooke occasion of this complementall reverence from the very Text it selfe , Phil. 2 , 10 , as sounding to that purpose . The question is therefore , whether or how far forth we are bound to this externall act of reverence , either by force of the said Scripture , or by authority of any constitution of the Church ? Of both which I will treat in order . 1. Of the true meaning of the Scripture , Phil ▪ 2 , 10. At the name of Iesus shall every knee bow , both of things in Heaven , and things in Earth , and thiugs under the Earth . If it be the true proper and literall sense of this Text , that we must bow the knee by externall reverence at the name of Iesus , then it is a precept binding us to the necessitie of this practise by indispensable obligation . If it be not the true proper and literall sense of the said Scripture , to bow the knee at the name of Iesus , by such an externall act of reverence , then are we not bound to the practise of this Ceremonie , by the force and vertue of the Scripture . To enter therefore into a more exact and sound discussion of this point , wee must observe 3. rules , which serve to open this particular , and sundry other in the sacred Scripture . 1. Whereas no point of Religion can be demonstrated out of the Scripture , but as the Scripture is taken in the true , proper , and literall sense ( which the learnedst in the church of Rome do also confesse ) we must acknowledge , that the Scripture hath but one true , proper , & literall sense ; the sense of it being the very forme of it , and every thing hath but one forme , as reason and Philosophy do dictate to our understanding , so that all other senses , ( so called ) as , Tropilogicall , Allegoricall , Analogicall , are inded not properly senses of the Scripture , but an accommodation of the Scripture , to the use of the Readers & Hearers . 2. Secondly , that is the true , proper , & literall sense of the Scripture , which the intention of the speaker , and the nature of the thing it selfe doe importe to our understanding , by what words soever ( proper or unproper ) the said sense be expressed in the Scripture . 3. Thirdly , we must therefore observe that the true , proper , and literall sense of the Scripture , is not allwayes that which the words do beare immediately in their grammaticall signification ; but that the words of the Scripture are sometimes proper , as , Christ is the Son of God ; sometimes improper , or methaphoricall , as , Christ is a vine , a Dore. Now , if the words be improper , and metaphoricall ( as we shall see anon ) we must note that ( as D●s Whitakers did truely advertise Bellarmine ) the improper vvords carry not in them the literall sense of the Scripture immediately ( for then great absurditie would follow ) but mediatly , that is to say , as they are reduced unto proper words , as here bowing the knee at the name of Iesus , is an improper or methaphoricall speech , and is reduced to this proper speech , viz. a subjection of the Creaturs to the Sonne of God ; which being the true , proper , & literall sense of that Scripture , is contained in an improper & metaphoricall speech . I come therefore punctually to the thing in question , and say ; that the true , proper , & literall sense of the Scripture doth , ( according to the intention of S. Paul , and the nature of the thinge it selfe ) represent unto our understanding , not an outward Ceremonie of bowing the knee of the body , but a reall subject on of all the Creatures in Heaven , Earth , and Hell , unto the Sonne of God , even as he is the Sonne of Man also , now exalted unto Glory . Whereas therefore S. Paul saith : God hath given him a name above every name , Phil. 2 , 9. The cleere and evident sense whereof is this , that Christ , ( so humbled before in the assumption of our nature , in the cours of this life , in the maner of his death , &c. is now advaunced and honoured by his Father , first by the publike manifestation of his Divinitie , which before seemed obscure ; and secondly by exaltation of his humanitie . So that now he having a name above all names , in Glory and Power , all Creatures voluntarily , or necessarily , are subject to his Dominion ; which subjection is expressed by a metaphoricall act , as Esther 3 , 2. The Servants of Ahashuerosh the King bowed the knee unto Hamon , and reverenced him , which Mordechai refused to performe , and therefore incurred his indignation , vers . 5. That this sense is the true , proper , and literall sense of the Scripture , according to the intention of the writer , and according to the nature of the thing it selfe , you may cleerely discerne by all the circumstances of the Text ; and amongst many , to evince the same , I present these 5. ensuing to your consideration . First , because it is not the very name of Iesu ( literally and syllabically taken ) to which reverence is here due , and should be performed by every Creuture , but the person signified by this Name , and so in other of his Names . For when we heare this Name of Iesus , and thereupon do an Act of reverence , either inwardly in the mind , or outwardly in the body ; it is by mediate inference of it in our understandings , unto the thing or person it self signified in and by tha● Name ; otherwise this Act were a literall or syllabicall Idolatrie , by restraining it to the Name , and not extending it to the Person Wherefore when I heare any other of his Names , as Immanuell , Christ , &c. I am ( by vertue of the said reason ) bound to do the like reverence at the sound of these other names , if I be bound unto it at the name of Iesus , because the same person is in every name imported to my understanding ; Else in regarding one Name of his person , more than an other , I shew that I regard the Name more than the person , or the name without the person ; the first being wicked , the second a foolish conceipt , And yet neverthelesse that these Ceremonialists , entertaining Iesus with reverence , dismisse Christ with neglect . 2. Againe , if the Text bind us ( in the true , proper , and literall sense ) to this externall act of adoration , in bowing the knee at the name of Iesus , then those Ceremonialists ( who say so , or must say so , or else they say nothing ) must performe this Act of adoration at all times , and in all places whensoever , and wheresoever they heare the sound of this name ; for the text speaketh absolutely , generally , & definitely of bowing the knee , without any imitation or restreint : And yet these Ceremonialists ( either wanting judgement in what they would affirme , or conscience , in what they should performe ) do not exercise this Act of Adoration , at all times , and in al● places , at the sound of this Name . Yea , which is more , they ought by force of their owne reason ( ●f it had any force ) ●o practise this act of reverence , whensoever they read this name of Iesus in the Scripture , or any other Author . Nay ought they not , whensoeyer they thinke of this Name , bow the knee ? For their ●eason ( if it enforce what obey pretend ) enforceth all this which I alleage . 3. Thirdly , these grave & supercilious Ceremonialists , as when they sit , they can ●ot do this peculiar act of reverence ( or ●t the least not with due cōplement , which ●n all things they effect , ) so some times ●hough they stand , yet they bow not their knees , but only uncover their heads upon the sound of the Name . But now wher ●s their Science ? Or where is their conscience ? For if they bind us so strictly ●o the Letter of the Text , we will bind them also as strictly to the same : An● therefore we say , that , though by uncove●ring their heads , they do an act of reve●●rence ; yet this act answereth not precisel● to the letter of the text ; aud though ther● be often a Commutation of Pennance i● the Bishops Court , yet we cannot allo● them ( and the Scripture will not her● allow them ) this Commutation of rev●●rence in the Court of Christ. First , becaus● the knee , and not the Cap , is here strict● prescribed . Secondly , because the Ca● is a lesser dutie than the knee . Eithe● therefore observe your owne rule , 〈◊〉 discharge us from the necessitie there●of . 4. Fourthly , we may observe by a pe●●spicuous and forcible reason , drawne 〈◊〉 impossibile , that this Ceremonious-act 〈◊〉 bowing the knee at the name of Iesus , is n● the true , proper , and literall sense of th● Scripture ; for whereas we have here a d●●stinction of 3. sorts of Creatures , whic● must bow the knee at the name of Iesus ; vi● Angells , things in Heaven ; Men , thin 〈◊〉 ●n Earth ? and Devills , things under t● Earth ; We know that the first and the last have no knees to bow , and so it is two to one , that this externall act of bowing the knee at the name of Iesus , is not the true , proper , and literall sense of this Scripture , and that , by force of it , we are not obliged to this externall act . 5. Lastly , you must observe , that S. Paul in this place , Phil. 2. 10 , alludeth to the word of God , Isai. 45. 23. Every knee shvll bow to me ; which is properly and literally understood , not of corporal genuflexion , but of actuall subjection unto God. This very place in Isai , the Prophet understandeth to be verified in the person of Christ at the last Iudgement , when every knee shall bow to him , as the great Iudge of all the world : For , to this purpose , S. Paul produceth that place Rom. 14. 11. namely , by the subjection of all Creatures , voluntary in some , involuntary in others , but necessarily to the Lord Iesus , sitting on his Tribunall seat of Iustice ; not that all shall do this outward act of reverence ; but that all shall be in subjection , which is signified and intended in the same . For God descendeth often unto Man , to speak after the manner of Man , because Man cannot immediatly and freely assent unto the things of God. To conclude therefore , you may easily perceive , that S. Paul understandeth this bowing of the knee no otherwise , than he understandeth it , Rom. 14 , 11. and no otherwise in either place , than the Prophet Isaiah before him , Isai. 45 , 23. And so much of the Scripture , by which the Ceremonialists inforce the external act of Courtlike Complement at the name of Iesus . Of the Canon , viz. 18. I come therefore from the Sripture to the Canon , which runneth in these words : When in the time of Divine Service the Lord Jesus shall be mentioned , due & lowly reverence shall be done by all persons present , as it hath been accustomed . But if the Scripture be not against us , in that which the Ceremonialists pretend , we shall the lesse feare the shot out of this CANON ; and therfore we answer briefly unto them . 1. First , we dislike not simply the practise of this externall reverence at the Name of Iesus ( for we condemne not the Church of England , much lesse the auncient and Vniversall Church in this behalfe , ) it being done upon good and sufficient knowledge without superstition , and without opinion of necessitie , according to the purpose of the Church . Hence it is that Mr. Hooker lib. 5 , 5 , 30. confesseth in expresse words , touching this externall act of reverence at the name of Iesus ; No man is constrained to use it by auy Obligation of Divine Law or Humane . 2. Secondly , I observe , that the externall act of reverence at the name of Iesus , hath bin usually practised in the time of Divin Service , not whensoever men do staud , & when in the time of their standing the name of Iesus is sounded forth , ( for we do stand at the recitation of the Cr●ed , where mention is made of Iesus ( with no bowing of the knee ) but at the reading of the Gospell ; and therefore the CANON must be understood peculiarly of that custome , when it requireth a reverence , as it hath beene accustomed If any Ceremonialist will contend with me in this point , let the same Mr. Hooker in the same place , be an Arbitratour betwixt us , to decide the Controversie . Because the Gospels , which are weekly read , do all historically declare , something which our Lord Iesus Christ did , or suffred in his owne Person , it hath been the custome of Christian men , then especially , in token of the greater reverence , to stand , to utter certaine words of acclamation , Glorie be to thee , O Lord ; and at the name of Iesus to bow . It was therefore a Custome aunciently so to do . But I finde in Antiquitie no CANON to establish it , ( and verily generall custom was not sufficient in this behalfe by the rule of S. Austin . Ep. 118. ) much lesse was it a matter of necessary observation , by the literall sense of the Scripture . And to declare this point yet more plainely . Zozomen . Hist. Eccl. 7. c. 19. relating sundry different Customes of the auncient Church , writeth thus : It is a new custome in the Church Alexandria , that the Bishop there doth not rise up at the reading of the Gospell , which custome I have neither found nor read of in any other place : So that leaving the Bishops of Alexandria to their owne reason herein , and defence , for this diversitie of their practise , contrary to the generall action of the Church . I may conclude , that neither the scripture bound any , nor that the Canon or Custome bound all to the observation of this Ceremonial act , which the profound Ceremonialists , partly by vertue of the Scripture , and partly by authoritie of the CANON would enforce upon their Brethren . And this might suffice concerning the C●NON in this behalfe . But if I shall not offend them , I could presse them further with the Relation of an auncient and very Learned Bishop , who being present at the making of this CANON , did freely and confidently protest , that neither he , nor any of his Collegues , did ever condiscend unto it , when it was first concluded , nor when it came afterwards to the byrth , it being , as he said , a matter caried , he knew not how , by the power and policie of a few , without the consent or approbation of all , or of the greatest part . He added further , wherereas S. Paul speaketh of the name of Iesus , that it is a name above all names , he conceiveth the word name to be putt there for Person , as in Acts 4 , 12. There is no salvation in any other name under Heaven , whereby we must be saved , Quasi diceret ; God the Father hath now declared the excellencie of this Person Christ Iesus , that he is the Lord of all Creatures , and that they must be in subjection to his power So he . Well , I will leave this particular , ( as perhaps offensive , though true ) and I will confirme it , if need were , by sacred Oath , that such was the resolution of the said B●shop , and shutt up all the whole with 3. observations , which I wish men to weigh well , in the Ballance of a true judgement , and of an upright conscience . 1. First , though I have often and curiously noted the behaviour of the principall Authours of this Canon in time of divine service , and especially in the reading of the Gospell , yet I could never see them performe any externall act of reverence at the name of Iesus . 2. Secondly , though many good Christians bow not their knees , or bend their bodies at the name of Iesus , in the time of Divine Service or Sermons , yet this omission of outward Complement , proceedeth not from a want of due & hearty reverence to our Lord Iesus Christ , but because the Ceremonialists would impose it upon them , by a plaine misconstructiō of the Scripture , therefore they are not willing by such an act of reverēce to give testimonie and approbation to such a plain ignorant misconstructiō of the text ; Though otherwise they may be tractable to performe it , according to knowledg , , and to shew their obedience to the order of the Church , which yet doth not compell men to the practise of this Ceremonie . For as it hath beene intermitted in many Congregations , and by disuse is wholy laid aside ; So we do not heare , that , by vertue of this CANON , either any Minister is brought into question for not stirring and provoking the people unto it , nor any of the people presented in the Spirituall Court , for neglect therof . But if the Scripture enforce it , and the Canon require it , why is neither the Pastor , nor the Parishioner , more sharply entreated in this behalfe ? 3. Thirdly , many , yea most that performe not this Ceremonie of bowing the knee at the name of Iesus , do appeare by the best effects of Religion , and in all due Circumstances thereof , to have more true zeale , devotion , and love unto the the Lord Iesus , than many , yea the most of these Ceremonialists , who seeming to honour him with Cap and Knee , do by their Superstition rather than Religion , herein , prepare a way for Iesuites to creep in with the Serpent by such holes into the Gardeu of Eden , the true Church of God in this Kingdome . Let us therefore , not so much affect the outward forme of Religion , as make true demonstration of our love , honour , and obedience unto the Lord Jesus , by the most essentiall and proper effects therof : Lest , when we have reverenced him with so many Capps and Knees ( whereby we please our selves rather than him ) he turn us away with a Non novi vos , in the great & fearefull Day . A Post-script Question . VVHen any man sweateth by Jesus ( as some men do in passion or glory ) whether the stander by hearing the oath , be bound , to bow his knee at the name of Iesus ? FINIS . The Publisher hereof to the Christian Reader , of what rank or degree soever . BEloved , I ( qualis quisque sum ) travailing and residing , ef●soones , about my lawfull negotiations in divers Transmarine places , both in France , Germanie , and the Netherlands , have done , and do observe in the truly Reformed Churches in all those Countries , That they all , as it were with an unanimous consent , do abandon in their Congregations , this externall bodily bowing , capping , crowching , oringiug at the Name or naming of Jesus , and their Ministers do hold it to be an ignorant practise , and impious Ceremomonie : Yea , I dare be bold to say , all the rest of the purely Reformed Churches in Christendome are of like unanime Iudgment and practise . And I having , not without Divine Providence , obteined the Manuscript , which by the same Providence have passed the Presse , do here communicate & present unto your view the Opinion , Iudgement , and Determination of a Pair of reverend and learned Divines of our owne Church , members of our two famous Vniversities , ( the one of Cambridg , the other of Oxford ) concerning the same bovving , capping , crowching , & cringing at the nam of Iesus : which letter and Treatise I confesse and professe , have given me and some Christian freinds of mine aboundant satisfaction in the point . Our latter learned Authour calls them that so much use & plead for it , not unproperly , Ceremonialists you may easily know them ; They are all for Ceremonie , naught for sinceritie ; like the Apples of Sodome , all shevv , no substance ; somewhat like unto painted sepulchres , glorious without , rotten within ; Not much unlike a fantasticall Picture , which this Age hath produced , all belly , Nobody ; nor much unlike the Datestone , all shell , no-kernell ; Even so are these men , ( like Baalls consening Priests ) all for externall vvillworship an adoration , preferring it before internall & spirituall true worship & devotion : though the Holy Ghost hath plainly said : God will be served in spirit & in truth . Yea , some of their Lives and Doctrines do declare , as if ( we may doubt ) they wished that that and other sacred Texts of Holy-writ for inward sinceritie were obliterated , and as if they drew all their doctrines and devotions out of the large volume , entituled Ceremoniale Romanae Ecclesiae . O Fearefull ! O Tempora ! O Mores ! And hath indeed my learned Authour t●rmed them Ceremonialists ? I hope , I may , without offence , change two Letters in the word , and theu they are just Ceremoniall-astes , or asses rather . All which so much use and advocate for the superstitious use of this Ceremonie of bowing , capping , &c. ( and are readie to cry downe preaching , alleaging it is no part of Gods Worship , with other grosse erronious points ; and , squaring the word with the crooked squire of their own Inventions , teach , indeed , for Doctrines the Traditions and Precepts of Men. ) I challenge , charge , and adjure them , or any of them , whether Bishop , Doctor , Parson , Vicar , Priest , Curate , or Chaplaine , in the Name of the Lord Jesus , ( which they so superstitiously abuse ) as they will once answer at his Tribunall , either punctually to answere ( with the spirit of meeknesse , letting Gods Word be their Warrant , Touchstone , or Vmper ) these precedent Tractates ; ( They need not doubt of lawdable License at London House ) Or els , to recant their Superstitious and Erronious Doctrines , and practises ; or , at leastwise to leave pleading for Baall : And I desire all other moderate minded Christians to be satisfied in the controverted point : But , if any list stil to be contentious , I must answer them , we have no such custome , neither the churches of God. And besides the Opinion , Iudgement , and Determination of these two reverend Divines , doubtlesse you may have seen allready published , the learned and accute Layick of Lincolns-Inn ( that hath stood so stoutly , and written so piously & profoundly in defence of the Orthodox Doctrine of the Church of England , against Papists , Arminians , and all other Eunemies of the Church , ) his opinion , judgement , and discussion , also in this point of bovving , capping , crovvching , and cring at the name of Iesus : And a threefold Cord ( I trow ) is not easily broke : I cannot but equallize his writing with these two Divines : And though I have , I thinke I need not challenge an answer to them or him , seeing now my second cogitations tells me , that both theirs and his , are alltogether unanswerable ( for I hold Widdows nor Page , to be any direct answeres to the point but the one a Raylar , and the other a Sophister . And they not answering , I say , directly and punctually , to the Premisses , I professe ( whoever I am ) if ever I be called from the Hagh in Holland to Pauls Crosse , will there proolame : That all those Ceremoniall asses are silenced , gravelled , and can not answere , and therefore ought to subscribe to the Premisses . But me thinks I heare still some of them mumbling , that these precedent Authours , nor the others by them cited , are sufficient to stop their mouths , and stay their practise ; Then let me have leave to propose to them , That , That if the matter may be putt for the voyces or hands to the Clergie-men , I dare pawne my deerest life , that most , or the greatest part of Bishops , Doctors , and other Divines of the Church of Enland will subscribe to our-learned Authours : And that will be doubtlasse satis superque . The superstitious Ephesians we know cried Great is ( the Goddesse ) Diana of the Ephesians : So we may say , Great is the Goddesse Dotage of these Ceremonial asses . Whom therefore we must leave to S. Pauls Doome , alleaged by our first learned Authour in his Conclusion . Yet for all this , let me not be mistaken , that I doe by the promisses , in approving these learned and pious Authours , Iudgements & discussions out of Gods Word , in this point , disapprove or dislike ( alltogether ) the Ceremonies of our Church ; For , as they are conformable to the lawfull Ceremonies , so I am perswaded there is a moderate laudable use of them , so a● they that use them , doe them for decencie & in order , according to S. Pauls Precept . Our last learned Authour , at the Conclusion of his Treatise , asketh the Opposites a Question : In like manner , if these Ceremoniall-asses would give me leave , I would aske them an other ; and that is : whether our Common Beggars , when they aske , beg and iterate for Iesus sake , which sacred Name they take in vaine ( though many of their numberlesse number know neither God nor Christ Iesus his Sonne ) perhapps 100. or 1000. times in a day , whether , I say , we that hea● them , be bound to bow , cap , crowch , cring , or no ? And so , beloved reader , if thou reapes● any contentment by this twofold Treatise , give God the Glorie , the Authour● their merited prayse and thanks , and m● the Publisher hereof ( if thy Charitie wi●●afford it ) thy Prayers at the Throne 〈◊〉 Grace . And so I betake you to God and the Word of his Grace , which is able to build you up , and give you an Inheritance among them that are sanctified . Magna est Veritas Et praevalet Et praevalebit . Tuus in Christo Iesu H. D. The second Publisher to indiffernt Reader . I Do judge these Reverend Devines faithfull , and therefore one occasion I will hould communion with them in the worship of God , and although they do in some things practise some superstitions , which I dare not partake in , yet I do professe to hould communion with them in all holy parts of Gods worship , and because we do thus practise : Here is one IOHN CAN have published a spitefull , if not rayling booke , against al● that doe complaine of the superstitions , used in our Land. And yet hould communion with them in holy graces o● Gods Worship . For this cause he chardgeth us to be pervertours of the truth , saying : Dr. Ames , of famous memory ▪ who utterly denies , that the calling of ou● Minister doe essentially depend on th● Bishops call , yet otherwayes have a lawfull calling . Against this he doth parentorily affirme the Ministers in our Land by the Laws of our Land , doth certainl● depend on the Bishops , calling holy , an● no mens else . Herein he doth affirm , th●● this pretence is worse then the family o● Love , which are the grossest Heretick● risen in this Adge . Therefore we will examine his accusation ; For , if he be false in this , then let all , that feare God , judge him a false accuser , like his Father the Devill is . And I de here call all discret men to witnes , that b● the Laws of our Land , the Bishop , canno● send a Minister to be made in the church ▪ till the Patron do first choose him , an● send him with his Letters to the Bishopp , to ordaine him . And it is well knowne , there are sundry Congregations , which have agreed with their Patrons , that they choose and call their Pastor . And sundry Gentlemen , fearing God , which are Patrons , and do use to advise with the most discret in that Church , about the choyse of one , wherein they do take the advise of learned Devines , approvin him , and he is choosen by that Church , before the Bishops see him ; and therefore Dr. Ames his sentence is true , allthough Iohn CAN revile him for it ; and he after in the same book doth justifie this course of chusing by the Congregation , to be good , according to trueth ; Therefore his owne mouth do give sentence against himselfe to be a false accuser . IF Iohn CAN would have triyed and defended his cause of Separatiō from all the Godly Ministers and Professours in the Church of England , against Doctor Ames , he should have answered his first and second Manuduction against M. Robinson , and tryed , if he cold hav don more thē M. Robinson have don , for ther is his cause proved erronious , & it is in other books provd fals , in denying the Grace of God , given us in Iesus Christ. He doth know , there are books have been published this 16 years , which have proved sundry artikels of their faith false and erronious , yet Iohn Can dare not write against till the Authours be dead . It appeareth unto me , Iohn Can knoweth not the right calling of a Teacher into the Church , because he putts no difference betwixt Election , Approbation , & Ordination , which th● Word of God doth distinguish , yet in his book he count them all one thing . He writeth , they practise nothing , but that the Teachers of our Church have affirmed to be truth , which I manifest , is not so : for , we affirm , God hath ordained Schooles , to educate and fitt men to be teachers in his Church , and such are necessary instruments , to increase heavenly graces . This we hold , is a worke of Faith , for us , to heare them preach , which Iohn Can do condemne , Act. 13. 15. We doe beleeve the communion of Saints , and thus the Church have beleeved since the Apostles dayes , and though Iohn Can doth confesse , they were first converted by our Ministerie , yet he condemneth those that doth partake in that holy worship , contrary to the Counsell of the Holy Ghost , in dispising Prophe●ie , Thess. 5. 20. He writes himself Pastor of the auncient English Church , and he doth condemne all the divines of our nation , that there is not one a lawfull teacher in this age , but himselfe , yet it appeareth , he is ignorant of the grounds of Religion . Hebr. 6. 2. Whereas John Can doe command all those which do denie his grounds , to sett downe their names , and the place where they dwell , I desire of him to shew his commission , for I think he is vainly consaited , and one that doth not know himselfe , therefore fare unfitt to reprove those , which have laboured more yeares in studie then he hath monts . See his Booke Folio 60. The Publisher , Post-scripe to the Reader . IF any will-worship or Ceremonialist say : that this bowing and ducking at the name or naming of Iesus , is justified in Mr. Widdowes his Answer to Mr. Prin : I reply , first let us observe what a brand of an evill conscience he have , which do defend this Superstition ; It is certainely knowne , that Mr. Widdowes is knowne ▪ and detected to be but a drunken Divine , a kind of mad-fellow and pot-companion : and though ●e useth often , ( as is credibly or reported ) to sweare by the sacred name of Iesus , yet his answer for bowing at it , was nothing but a Sottishe mad , rayling Pamphlet ; replied unto , and utterly confuted by Mr. Prin , and he putt to a limping silence , and a non plus . But some of you , Advocates for Baal , will happily say , that Mr , Page ( forsooth ) hath hard , and killed the Cow , in justifying Widdowes and defending of bowing and cringing at the name or naming of Iesus , which his pretended gravitie , seeming grave stile , and colloguing Dedication to his deere Mother the Vniversitie of Oxford . But whosoever readeth his book with a single and impartiall eye , must ●eeds say , that it is , likewise , farced fuli of idle impertinencies , sophistications , and not free from absurdities , falsities , and blasphemous comparisons ; and revilings towards the person , and junioritie of M. Prion : though upon my certaine knowledge the learned Laick , being betwixt 30 & 40 yeares old , is of sufficient age , & ambilitie , to encounter with any Iesuites , Priest , Arminian , Anti-puritane , or Collegelubber in Christendom ; as his learned Labours doe sufficiently testifie to the World : And herein I will not decline , but dare and doe appeale to all that are Orthodox , Learned , Godly , and Wise-hearted of the aforesaid famous Vniversities : And that the first of these above●named Advocates babbleth , and the other blattereth . They are allready fully confuted by these Pair of Orthodox Divines , before in the twofold Treatise : Aud therefore my premised Challenge standeth good . Let therefore any opposite Reader , in the name and feare of Christ Iesus , forbeare further scoffing , rayling or giering , and in stead thereof , if he be able , take pen in hand , and see what he can say to to the Challenge . Iterum vale . I have thought it not impertinent , but very pertinent , to annex hereto the Copie of an Arminians Character , which I received from a freind , as followeth : An Arminian or meere Mountaguist , IS an Animal , scarce rational , whose custome is , before he hath well con●'d his Catechisme , to read ( and applaud ) Peter Lombard and John Duns , rather than Peter Martyr , and Iohn Calvin : and for more moderne Polemicks , he preferres Bellarmine above Chamierus . His garb or fashion , when he comes from the Vniversity , with affectation , is to weare a long Cloke ; and a correspondent Cassock , short no where , but in the w●st which is girt up with a girdle and a knot or rose , allmost up to his nose : commonly a falling-band ; because Procisians weare small set-ruffs . His Religion , is ( like a Confection , ) compounded of many , the least ingredient , being Protestantisme , and to believe as the Church doth . His first ambition , is to addresse himself to be some great-mens Trenchers-Chaplaine ; that so he may not be out of the Path-way to preferment , not an Ignoramus in Court-curtesies , nor a sot in State affaires . His Devotion , is so conformable to the Ceremonies of the Church , that he thinks it impietie to decline the least particle thereof : and yet he declines the Doctrine of the Church so much , that he wisheth with all his heart , the Prayer in the Letanie of our English Liturgie , From all false Doctrine & Heresie , good Lord deliver vs , were oblitera●●d . And he is so bent to externall bowing at the name of Iesus , that he cannot forbeare to do the like at the Picture of Iesus crucified , alias a Crucifix , if it stand in his way . He is a mungreel Divine , who , as it were betwixt Hawke and buzzard , see nicely to distinguish betwixt a Puritane in opinion , and a Puritane in discipline : and hath taught the nam , which was contrary to the first institution , so farre to enlarge it selfe , that a Protestant must make hard shift , to save himselfe harmlesse . And he is one that makes the Grace of God lackey it after the will of men , the Sheep to keepe the Sheepheard , and a mortall seed of an immortall God. Also , he holds not Perseverance , but Apostasie of the Saints . He is the spawn of a Papist , and if there come the warmth of favour upon him , you shall see him turne into one of those Frogs , which arose out of the bottomlesse Pit : And if you marke it well , you shall see him reaching out his hand to a Papist ; ( a Papist to a Iesuite , and a Iesuite gives one hand to the Pope , and another to the King of Spaine : ) And so wee leave him to get more Grace , professe , and practise more goodnesse . His Motto Orthodoxus . CONCORDIA DISCORS . VVHere as Iohn Can doth plead for the Antiquity of their Separation , and saith , it was in King Edwards dayes , but I answer him such a Separation , as they do practise , was not knowne 55 yeares since , and the first Authours of these were Henrison and Robert Brown , which they did partly recal , there was of their Disciples , that were apprehended in suffock , 3. at Nayland , for distributing of their Bookes , and condemned , after the Iudge offered them pardon , if they would live obediently , as the book of Common Prayer did direct , but they answered , that the booke of Common Prayer was the great Idoll of the Land , on which the Iudge was exceedingly offended against them , and saith , he would hang them , before he went out of the towne , if they did maintaine this . Then they did desire of him a conference with some Ministers there present , which they had graunted , and the next day the Iudge called them , and demandeth of them , what they said to the booke of Common Prayer ? And they affirmed it Idolatrous , and on this they were hanged in the presence of the Iudge . Sundry others I knew in the Contry , that would not be present at the worship of the book of Common Prayer , yet they would and did diligently frequent the hearing of the zealous preaching the word ; therfore in some Parishes they had a bell d●d ring when the Service was ended , & thē they would com into the Congregation . And I knew 3 preachers , which fled in Queen Maryes Raigne , and they were zealous preachers ; yet I perceived som difference betwixt them , the one ( Mr. Brodish ) he tooke a living neere where I lived , and he was a zealous preacher . The other was a Gentleman , ( named Larrans ) he did usually preach in divers parts of the contry , and kept a Lector at a market town ( calld Harlston ) the other ( namd Simond Harlson ) who was a Minister at Sto●num ( in K. Edwards dayes ) he was in t●●ble then , because he would 〈◊〉 weare the Surplus , he did preach in the Country , & these 2 were proferred benifices sundry times , but they would not accept there . This l●tter did use a Lector every 14 dayes in his house , at which I have been sundry times present , he was very ould , I take it , he lived to the yeare 1591. I have conferred with him sundry times , and had speech with him concerning Browne , and he disallowed Brownes Separation , from the hearing of the zealous preachers in our Land. I desired of them to know why they would not use the Booke of Common prayer in the worship of God ? and they answered , and said : because Idolatours did so worship , and they were forbidden to worship after the manner of Idolaters . This is a true Relation . S. O. FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A04429-e110 Ioh. 18 , 37 Consuctudo sine veritate vetustas erroris est Tertull. Hinc non dubito quin profecta sit illa antiquissima cōsuetudo in Ecclesijs , ut cum nominatur Iesus , omnes apperiūt caput , in testimoniū reverētiae & adorationis , &c. Zanch. in Phil. 2. 10 Pari religione ad nomen Salvatoris nostri D. Iesu Christi , similiter ad Euāgelium , Magnificat , Benedictus , Nunc dimittis , Gloria in Excelsis , Gloria Patri , ceteras que id genus divinorum officiorum partes , sic genuum flexione , apertione Capitis , ac totius corporis gestu se component , ut ad ea , quae ibi aguntur animum intendere videantur . Synopsis Pap. 9. Generall controversie concerning the saints departed . Genua cunctorū fidelium ad mentionem S. Sti. nominis Iesu , non solū corpore , sed , mente etiam flecti ibidem decernitur . Epitome mundi Cent. 13. ca. 9. de Synodis . Convenientes ibidem nomen illud , quod est supra omne nomen , a quo aliud subo caelo non est datum hominibus in quo salvôs fieri credē tes oporteat , nomē vid. Iesu Christi qui salvum faciet populum suum exhibitione reverētiae specialis attollant , & quod generaliter scribitur ut in nomine Iesu omne genu flectitur , singuli sin gulariter inseipsis implētes , precipuè dum agūtur Missarum sacra mysteria , gloriosum illud , Nomēquoties cunque re colitur fl●ctant genua cordis sui , quod vel capitis sui inclinatione testentur . Platina in vita Gregorij Papae 10. An. 1230. Note . See Sr. Edwin Sādye his Europae speculum , 1629. pa. 16. This pope lived about the yeare 103. Note . † Preface to the Cōmunion Booke : of Ceremonies , why some abolished , some reteined . * Theoph : Filius Dei vocabitur , quae appellatio universorū nomen excedit . † Nullus nomen illud super omne nomen existēs populus Christi in hunc usque diem , praeterquam ad sanctam viuificantem Trinitatem retulit . Naz. in Epist Germani Episcopi Constantinop , ad Thomā Episco . Claudiopollôs . In Synodi Nycaenae 2. arti . 4. ‡ Nomen super omne nomen est nomen explicans ineffabilē potestatem & naturam . Greg. Nyss. in Ecclesiastem homil . 7. ‖ Nomen quod est supra omne nomen & cui n. Angelorum dixit filius meus tu es . Biblioth . Sacta . lib. 5. Annot. 150. to . 2. * Origen . Genu. flectere , non est carnaliter accipiēdū , sed subjecta esse omnia & cultui Dei obedire declarat . † Imperij ejus subjici fateantur Angeli , Homines Demo●nes , Gloss. so Anselm . so Bruno . Carthurianus . * Synopsis 9. generall controversy , Qu. 5. Appendix , concerning the name of Iesus . Thus is Idolatry committed . Note . Note this well . Rhemes Annot. on this place . Here is the decript of Sathan to bring in false worship . Act. 2. 36. Ier. 33. 6. Obj. Answ. Obj. Answ. Thus doe men committ Idolatrie . Obj. Answ. Observe this . Note this well . Phil. 3 , 18 , 19. Notes for div A04429-e3520 Reasons of the ancient use of this gesture . Keckerm . syst . theol . li. 1. c. 9. 5. Circumstances , to prove it to be understood not of bowing the bodily knee . Note this well . N. B. Notes for div A04429-e4870 Mat. 15. 9 1 Cor. 11 , 16. Mr. W. P. Notes for div A04429-e5580 See his book 55. 56. 57. Folio . He saith , the best Ministers have no other call then the ignorant asses , and idols have In the most con gregatiōs the patarn doe first chose before the Bishop can ordain . Iohn Can proved a false acuser . Fol. 234. See Mr. Padgets arrow against the Brownists and the reprove of Iohn 〈◊〉 & May , An. 1632. Yet those that chose him , and ordained him , did depose him , they say , for that he deceived them . Notes for div A04429-e5820 His study . His Garb ▪ His Religion . His Ambition . His Devotion . His Divinitie . N. C. his Acnitophes . I. R. his speech in Parlamēt 12. Ianua . 1628. His politik part . Notes for div A04429-e6240 Iudge Anderson , Lord chief ●ustus of 〈◊〉 common pleas An. 1583. or 1584. at Berry in Suffock In Nor●fock . 〈…〉