An essay upon the advancement of trade in Ireland
         Temple, William, Sir, 1628-1699.
      
       
         
           1673
        
      
       Approx. 53 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 17 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images.
       
         Text Creation Partnership,
         Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) :
         2004-11 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1).
         A64307
         Wing T637
         ESTC R34649
         14535234
         ocm 14535234
         102555
         
           
            This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of
             Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal
            . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.
          
        
      
       
         Early English books online.
      
       
         (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A64307)
         Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 102555)
         Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1074:6)
      
       
         
           
             An essay upon the advancement of trade in Ireland
             Temple, William, Sir, 1628-1699.
          
           32 p.
           
             s.n.,
             [Dublin? :
             1673?]
          
           
             Caption title.
             Attributed by Wing to Temple.
             Imprint suggested by Wing.
             Reproduction of original in the Cambridge University Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
         Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford.
         Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors.
      
       
         EEBO-TCP is a partnership between the Universities of Michigan and Oxford and the publisher ProQuest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by ProQuest via their Early English Books Online (EEBO) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). The general aim of EEBO-TCP is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic English-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in EEBO.
         EEBO-TCP aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the Text Encoding Initiative (http://www.tei-c.org).
         The EEBO-TCP project was divided into two phases. The 25,363 texts created during Phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 January 2015. Anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source.
         Users should be aware of the process of creating the TCP texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data.
         Text selection was based on the New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature (NCBEL). If an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in NCBEL, then their works are eligible for inclusion. Selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. In general, first editions of a works in English were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably Latin and Welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so.
         Image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. Quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in Oxford and Michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet QA standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. After proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. Any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor.
         The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines.
         Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements).
         
          Keying and markup guidelines are available at the
           Text Creation Partnership web site
          .
        
      
       
         
         
      
    
     
       
         eng
      
       
         
           Ireland -- History -- 1660-1688.
           Ireland -- Politics and government.
        
      
    
     
        2004-07 TCP
        Assigned for keying and markup
      
        2004-07 Aptara
        Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images
      
        2004-08 Mona Logarbo
        Sampled and proofread
      
        2004-08 Mona Logarbo
        Text and markup reviewed and edited
      
        2004-10 pfs
        Batch review (QC) and XML conversion
      
    
  
   
     
       
         
         
         
           
             Dublin
             
               July
               22
               d
               1673
            
          
        
         
           An
           Essay
           upon
           the
           Advancement
           of
           Trade
           in
           IRELAND
           .
        
         
           
             My
             LORD
             ,
          
        
         
           I
           Know
           not
           what
           it
           was
           that
           fell
           into
           discourse
           t'other
           day
           ,
           and
           gave
           your
           Excellency
           the
           occasion
           of
           desiring
           me
           to
           digest
           into
           some
           Method
           and
           upon
           Paper
           ,
           the
           means
           and
           ways
           I
           esteemed
           most
           proper
           for
           the
           advancing
           of
           Trade
           in
           Ireland
           :
           This
           I
           know
           very
           well
           ,
           that
           you
           did
           it
           in
           a
           manner
           ,
           and
           with
           Expressions
           too
           obliging
           to
           be
           refused
           ,
           and
           out
           of
           a
           design
           so
           publick
           and
           generous
           as
           ought
           not
           to
           be
           discouraged
           .
           I
           had
           therefore
           much
           rather
           obey
           your
           Lordship
           in
           this
           point
           ,
           how
           ill
           soever
           I
           do
           it
           ,
           than
           excuse
           my self
           ,
           though
           never
           so
           well
           ,
           which
           were
           much
           easier
           than
           the
           other
           .
           For
           I
           might
           alledg
           that
           neither
           my
           Birth
           nor
           my
           Breeding
           has
           been
           at
           all
           in
           this
           Country
           :
           That
           I
           have
           passed
           only
           one
           short
           period
           of
           my
           life
           here
           ,
           and
           the
           greatest
           part
           thereof
           wholly
           out
           of
           business
           ,
           and
           publick
           thoughts
           ;
           That
           I
           have
           since
           been
           Ten
           years
           absent
           from
           it
           ;
           and
           am
           now
           here
           upon
           no
           other
           occasion
           than
           of
           a
           short
           Visit
           to
           some
           of
           my
           Friends
           :
           Which
           are
           all
           Circumstances
           that
           make
           me
           a
           very
           improper
           subject
           for
           such
           a
           command
           .
           But
           I
           suppose
           the
           vein
           I
           have
           had
           of
           running
           into
           speculations
           of
           this
           kind
           upon
           a
           greater
           scene
           of
           Trade
           ,
           and
           in
           a
           Country
           where
           I
           was
           more
           a
           stranger
           ;
           and
           the
           too
           partial
           favour
           your
           Lordship
           
           has
           exprest
           to
           another
           Discourse
           of
           this
           nature
           ,
           have
           cost
           me
           this
           present
           service
           ;
           and
           you
           have
           thought
           fit
           to
           punish
           me
           for
           one
           folly
           ,
           by
           engaging
           me
           to
           commit
           another
           ;
           like
           the
           Confessor
           ,
           that
           prescribed
           a
           Drunkard
           the
           penance
           of
           being
           drunk
           again
           .
           However
           it
           is
           ,
           your
           Lordship
           shall
           be
           obeyed
           ,
           and
           therein
           I
           hope
           to
           be
           enough
           excused
           ;
           which
           is
           all
           I
           pretend
           to
           upon
           this
           occasion
           .
        
         
           Before
           I
           enter
           upon
           the
           considerations
           of
           Trade
           which
           are
           more
           general
           ,
           and
           may
           be
           more
           lasting
           in
           this
           Kingdom
           ;
           I
           will
           observe
           to
           your
           Lordship
           some
           particular
           Circumstances
           in
           the
           Constitution
           and
           Government
           ,
           which
           have
           been
           hitherto
           ,
           and
           may
           be
           long
           ,
           the
           great
           discouragers
           of
           Trade
           and
           Riches
           here
           ;
           And
           some
           others
           in
           the
           present
           Conjuncture
           ,
           which
           are
           absolutely
           mortal
           to
           it
           ;
           that
           so
           you
           may
           not
           expect
           to
           find
           remedies
           where
           indeed
           there
           is
           none
           ;
           nor
           suffer
           men
           ,
           like
           busie
           ignorant
           Physicians
           ,
           to
           apply
           such
           as
           are
           contrary
           to
           the
           disease
           ,
           because
           they
           cannot
           find
           such
           as
           are
           proper
           for
           it
           .
        
         
           The
           true
           and
           natural
           ground
           of
           Trade
           and
           Riches
           ,
           is
           Number
           of
           People
           ,
           in
           proportion
           to
           the
           compass
           of
           Ground
           they
           inhabit
           .
           This
           makes
           all
           things
           necessary
           to
           life
           dear
           ,
           and
           that
           forces
           men
           to
           industry
           and
           parsimony
           .
           These
           Customs
           which
           grow
           first
           from
           necessity
           ,
           come
           with
           time
           to
           be
           habitual
           in
           a
           Country
           .
           And
           where-ever
           they
           are
           so
           ,
           that
           place
           must
           grow
           great
           in
           Traffick
           and
           Riches
           ,
           if
           not
           disturbed
           by
           some
           accidents
           or
           revolutions
           ,
           as
           of
           Wars
           ,
           of
           Plagues
           ,
           or
           Famines
           ,
           by
           which
           the
           People
           come
           to
           be
           either
           scattered
           or
           destroyed
           .
        
         
           People
           are
           multiplied
           in
           a
           Country
           by
           the
           temper
           of
           the
           Climate
           favourable
           to
           Generation
           ,
           to
           
           Health
           ,
           and
           long
           life
           .
           Or
           else
           by
           the
           Circumstances
           of
           safety
           and
           ease
           under
           the
           Government
           ,
           the
           credit
           whereof
           invites
           men
           over
           to
           it
           ,
           when
           they
           cannot
           be
           either
           safe
           or
           easie
           at
           home
           .
           When
           things
           are
           once
           in
           motion
           ,
           Trade
           begets
           Trade
           ,
           as
           fire
           does
           fire
           ,
           and
           People
           go
           much
           where
           much
           People
           are
           already
           gone
           .
           So
           men
           run
           still
           to
           a
           crowd
           where
           they
           see
           it
           in
           the
           streets
           ,
           or
           the
           fields
           ,
           though
           it
           be
           only
           to
           do
           as
           others
           do
           ,
           to
           see
           or
           to
           be
           entertained
           .
        
         
           The
           want
           of
           Trade
           in
           Ireland
           proceeds
           from
           the
           want
           of
           People
           ,
           and
           this
           is
           not
           grown
           from
           any
           ill
           qualities
           of
           the
           Climate
           or
           Air
           ,
           but
           chiefly
           from
           the
           frequent
           Revolutions
           of
           so
           many
           Wars
           and
           Rebellions
           ,
           so
           great
           Slaughters
           and
           Calamities
           of
           Mankind
           as
           have
           at
           several
           Intervals
           of
           time
           succeeded
           the
           first
           Conquest
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           in
           Henry
           the
           Seconds
           time
           ,
           until
           the
           year
           1653
           ;
           Two
           very
           great
           Plagues
           followed
           the
           two
           great
           Wars
           ,
           those
           of
           Queen
           
           Elizabeth's
           Reign
           ,
           and
           the
           last
           ;
           which
           helped
           to
           drain
           the
           current
           stream
           of
           Generation
           in
           the
           Country
           .
        
         
           The
           discredit
           which
           is
           grown
           upon
           the
           Constitutions
           or
           Settlements
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           by
           so
           frequent
           and
           unhappy
           Revolutions
           that
           for
           many
           ages
           have
           infested
           it
           ,
           has
           been
           the
           great
           discouragement
           to
           other
           Nations
           to
           transplant
           themselves
           hither
           ,
           and
           prevailed
           further
           than
           all
           the
           invitations
           which
           the
           cheapness
           and
           plenty
           of
           the
           Country
           has
           made
           them
           .
           So
           that
           had
           it
           not
           been
           for
           the
           numbers
           of
           the
           British
           ,
           which
           the
           necessity
           of
           the
           late
           Wars
           at
           first
           drew
           over
           ,
           and
           of
           such
           who
           either
           as
           Adventurers
           or
           Soldiers
           seated
           themselves
           here
           upon
           account
           
           of
           the
           satisfaction
           made
           to
           them
           in
           Land
           ,
           the
           Country
           had
           by
           the
           last
           War
           and
           Plague
           been
           left
           in
           a
           manner
           desolate
           .
        
         
           Besides
           ,
           the
           subordinacy
           of
           the
           Government
           changing
           hands
           so
           often
           ,
           makes
           an
           unsteddiness
           in
           the
           pursuit
           of
           the
           publick
           Interests
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           gives
           way
           to
           the
           emulations
           of
           the
           different
           Factions
           ,
           and
           draws
           the
           favour
           or
           countenance
           of
           the
           Government
           sometimes
           to
           one
           party
           or
           interest
           ,
           sometimes
           to
           another
           ;
           this
           makes
           different
           motions
           in
           mens
           minds
           ,
           raising
           hopes
           and
           fears
           ,
           and
           opinions
           of
           uncertainty
           in
           their
           possessions
           ;
           and
           thereby
           in
           the
           peace
           of
           the
           Country
           .
        
         
           This
           subordinacy
           in
           the
           Government
           ,
           and
           emulation
           of
           parties
           ,
           with
           the
           want
           sometimes
           of
           Authority
           in
           the
           Governour
           (
           by
           the
           weakness
           of
           his
           credit
           and
           support
           at
           Court
           )
           occasions
           the
           perpetual
           agencies
           or
           journeys
           into
           England
           of
           all
           persons
           that
           have
           any
           considerable
           pretences
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           and
           money
           to
           pursue
           them
           ;
           which
           end
           many
           times
           in
           long
           abodes
           ,
           and
           frequent
           habituating
           of
           Families
           there
           ,
           though
           they
           have
           no
           money
           to
           support
           them
           but
           what
           is
           drawn
           out
           of
           Ireland
           .
           Besides
           ,
           the
           young
           Gentlemen
           go
           of
           course
           for
           their
           breeding
           there
           ,
           some
           seek
           their
           health
           ,
           and
           others
           their
           entertainment
           in
           a
           better
           Climate
           or
           Scene
           ;
           By
           these
           means
           the
           Country
           loses
           the
           expence
           of
           many
           of
           the
           richest
           persons
           or
           families
           at
           home
           ,
           and
           mighty
           sums
           of
           money
           must
           needs
           go
           over
           from
           hence
           into
           England
           ,
           which
           the
           great
           stock
           of
           rich
           native
           Commodities
           here
           can
           make
           the
           only
           amends
           for
           .
        
         
           These
           Circumstances
           so
           prejudicial
           to
           the
           encrease
           of
           Trade
           and
           Riches
           in
           a
           Country
           ,
           seem
           natural
           or
           
           at
           least
           have
           ever
           been
           incident
           to
           the
           Government
           here
           ,
           and
           without
           them
           the
           native
           fertility
           of
           the
           Soil
           and
           Seas
           in
           so
           many
           rich
           Commodities
           improved
           by
           multitude
           of
           People
           and
           industry
           ,
           with
           the
           advantage
           of
           so
           many
           excellent
           Havens
           ,
           and
           a
           Scituation
           so
           commodious
           for
           all
           sorts
           of
           foreign
           Trade
           ,
           must
           needs
           have
           rendred
           this
           Kingdom
           one
           of
           the
           richest
           in
           Europe
           ,
           and
           made
           a
           mighty
           encrease
           both
           of
           strength
           and
           revenue
           to
           the
           Crown
           of
           England
           ;
           whereas
           it
           has
           hitherto
           been
           rather
           esteemed
           and
           found
           to
           be
           our
           weak
           side
           ,
           and
           to
           have
           cost
           us
           more
           blood
           and
           treasure
           than
           't
           is
           worth
           .
        
         
           Since
           my
           late
           arrival
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           I
           have
           found
           a
           very
           unusual
           ,
           but
           I
           doubt
           very
           just
           complaint
           concerning
           the
           scarcity
           of
           Money
           ,
           which
           occasioned
           many
           airy
           Propositions
           for
           the
           remedy
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           among
           the
           rest
           that
           of
           raising
           some
           ,
           or
           all
           of
           the
           Coyns
           here
           .
           This
           was
           chiefly
           grounded
           upon
           the
           experience
           made
           as
           they
           say
           about
           the
           Duke
           of
           Ormonds
           coming
           first
           over
           hither
           in
           1663
           ,
           when
           the
           Plate-pieces
           of
           Eight
           were
           raised
           three
           pence
           in
           the
           piece
           ,
           and
           a
           mighty
           plenty
           of
           money
           was
           observed
           to
           grow
           in
           Ireland
           for
           a
           year
           or
           two
           after
           .
           But
           this
           seems
           to
           me
           a
           very
           mistaken
           account
           ,
           and
           to
           have
           depended
           wholly
           upon
           other
           circumstances
           little
           taken
           notice
           of
           ,
           and
           not
           at
           all
           upon
           the
           raising
           of
           the
           Money
           to
           which
           it
           is
           by
           some
           great
           men
           attributed
           .
           For
           first
           ,
           there
           was
           about
           that
           time
           a
           general
           peace
           and
           serenity
           which
           had
           newly
           succeeded
           a
           general
           trouble
           and
           cloud
           throughout
           all
           his
           Majesties
           Kingdoms
           ;
           then
           after
           two
           years
           attendance
           in
           England
           upon
           the
           settlement
           of
           Ireland
           (
           there
           on
           the
           forge
           )
           by
           all
           persons
           and
           parties
           here
           that
           were
           considerably
           
           interested
           in
           it
           ,
           the
           Parliament
           being
           called
           here
           ,
           and
           the
           main
           settlement
           of
           Ireland
           wound
           up
           in
           England
           ,
           and
           put
           into
           the
           Duke
           of
           Ormonds
           hands
           to
           pass
           here
           into
           an
           Act
           ;
           all
           persons
           came
           over
           in
           a
           shoal
           either
           to
           attend
           their
           own
           concernments
           in
           the
           main
           ,
           or
           more
           particularly
           to
           make
           their
           Courte
           to
           the
           Lord
           Lieutenant
           upon
           whom
           his
           Majesty
           had
           at
           that
           time
           in
           a
           manner
           wholly
           devolved
           the
           care
           and
           disposition
           of
           all
           affairs
           in
           this
           Kingdom
           :
           This
           made
           a
           sudden
           and
           mighty
           stop
           of
           that
           issue
           of
           Money
           which
           had
           for
           two
           years
           run
           perpetually
           out
           of
           Ireland
           into
           England
           ,
           and
           kept
           it
           all
           at
           home
           .
           Nor
           is
           the
           very
           expence
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Ormonds
           own
           great
           Patrimonial
           estate
           with
           that
           of
           several
           other
           Families
           that
           came
           over
           at
           that
           time
           ,
           of
           small
           consideration
           in
           the
           stock
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           .
           Besides
           ,
           there
           was
           a
           great
           sum
           of
           Money
           in
           ready
           Coyn
           brought
           over
           out
           of
           England
           at
           the
           same
           time
           towards
           the
           arrears
           of
           the
           Army
           :
           Which
           are
           all
           circumstances
           that
           must
           needs
           have
           made
           a
           mighty
           change
           in
           the
           course
           of
           ready
           money
           here
           .
           All
           the
           effect
           that
           I
           conceive
           was
           made
           by
           crying
           up
           the
           pieces
           of
           Eight
           ,
           was
           to
           bring
           in
           much
           more
           of
           that
           Species
           instead
           of
           others
           current
           here
           (
           as
           indeed
           all
           the
           Money
           brought
           from
           England
           was
           of
           that
           sort
           ,
           and
           complained
           of
           in
           Parliament
           to
           be
           of
           a
           worse
           allay
           )
           ,
           and
           to
           carry
           away
           much
           English
           Money
           in
           exchange
           for
           Plate-pieces
           ,
           by
           which
           a
           Trade
           was
           driven
           very
           beneficial
           to
           the
           Traders
           ,
           but
           of
           mighty
           loss
           to
           the
           Kingdom
           in
           the
           intrinsick
           value
           of
           their
           Money
           .
        
         
           The
           Circumstances
           at
           this
           time
           seem
           to
           be
           just
           the
           reverse
           of
           what
           they
           were
           then
           ;
           The
           Nations
           engaged
           in
           a
           War
           the
           most
           fatal
           to
           trade
           of
           any
           that
           
           could
           arise
           ;
           The
           settlement
           of
           Ireland
           shaken
           at
           the
           Court
           ,
           and
           falling
           into
           new
           disquisitions
           (
           whether
           in
           truth
           or
           in
           common
           opinion
           ,
           is
           all
           a
           case
           )
           :
           This
           draws
           continual
           Agencies
           and
           Journeys
           of
           People
           concerned
           into
           England
           ,
           to
           watch
           the
           motions
           of
           the
           main
           wheel
           there
           .
           Besides
           ,
           the
           Lieutenants
           of
           Ireland
           since
           the
           Duke
           of
           
           Ormond's
           time
           ,
           have
           had
           little
           in
           their
           disposition
           here
           ,
           and
           only
           executed
           the
           resolutions
           daily
           taken
           at
           Court
           in
           particular
           as
           well
           as
           general
           affairs
           ,
           which
           has
           drawn
           thither
           the
           attendance
           of
           all
           private
           pretenders
           .
           The
           great
           Estates
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           have
           been
           four
           or
           five
           years
           constantly
           spent
           in
           England
           .
           Money
           ,
           instead
           of
           coming
           over
           hither
           for
           pay
           of
           the
           Army
           ,
           has
           since
           the
           War
           began
           ,
           been
           transmitted
           thither
           for
           pay
           of
           those
           Forces
           that
           were
           called
           from
           hence
           .
           And
           lastly
           ,
           This
           War
           has
           had
           a
           more
           particular
           and
           mortal
           influence
           upon
           the
           Trade
           of
           this
           Country
           ,
           than
           upon
           any
           other
           of
           his
           Majesties
           Kingdoms
           .
        
         
           For
           by
           the
           Act
           against
           Transportation
           of
           Cattel
           into
           England
           ,
           the
           Trade
           of
           this
           Country
           which
           run
           wholly
           thither
           before
           ,
           was
           turned
           very
           much
           into
           foreign
           parts
           ;
           but
           by
           this
           War
           the
           last
           is
           stopped
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           not
           being
           open'd
           ,
           there
           is
           in
           a
           manner
           no
           vent
           for
           any
           Commodity
           but
           of
           Wool.
           This
           necessity
           has
           forced
           the
           Kingdom
           to
           go
           on
           still
           with
           their
           foreign
           Trade
           ,
           but
           that
           has
           been
           with
           such
           mighty
           losses
           ,
           by
           the
           great
           number
           of
           Dutch
           Privateers
           plying
           about
           the
           Coasts
           ,
           and
           the
           want
           of
           English
           Fregats
           to
           secure
           them
           ,
           that
           the
           stock
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           must
           be
           extreamly
           diminished
           .
           Yet
           by
           the
           continuance
           of
           the
           same
           expence
           and
           luxury
           in
           point
           of
           living
           ,
           Money
           goes
           over
           into
           England
           to
           fetch
           what
           
           must
           supply
           it
           ,
           though
           little
           Commodities
           goes
           either
           there
           or
           abroad
           to
           make
           any
           considerable
           ballance
           ;
           By
           all
           which
           it
           must
           happen
           ,
           that
           with
           another
           years
           continuance
           of
           the
           War
           ,
           there
           will
           not
           be
           Money
           left
           in
           this
           Kingdom
           to
           turn
           the
           common
           Markets
           ,
           or
           pay
           any
           rents
           ,
           or
           leave
           any
           circulation
           further
           than
           the
           receipts
           of
           the
           Customs
           and
           Quit-rents
           ,
           and
           the
           pays
           of
           the
           Army
           ,
           which
           in
           both
           kinds
           must
           be
           the
           last
           that
           fail
           .
        
         
           In
           such
           a
           conjuncture
           ,
           the
           crying
           up
           of
           any
           species
           of
           money
           will
           but
           encrease
           the
           want
           of
           it
           in
           general
           ;
           for
           while
           there
           goes
           not
           out
           commodity
           to
           ballance
           that
           which
           is
           brought
           in
           ,
           and
           no
           degree
           of
           gains
           by
           exportation
           will
           make
           amends
           for
           the
           venture
           ;
           what
           should
           money
           come
           in
           for
           ,
           unless
           it
           be
           to
           carry
           out
           other
           money
           as
           it
           did
           before
           ,
           and
           leave
           the
           stock
           that
           remains
           equal
           indeed
           in
           denomination
           ,
           but
           lower
           in
           the
           intrinsique
           value
           than
           it
           was
           before
           ?
           In
           short
           ,
           while
           this
           War
           lasts
           ,
           and
           our
           Seas
           are
           ill
           guarded
           ,
           all
           that
           can
           be
           done
           towards
           preserving
           the
           small
           remainder
           of
           Money
           in
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           is
           ,
           First
           ,
           to
           introduce
           as
           far
           as
           can
           be
           ,
           a
           vein
           of
           Parsimony
           throughout
           the
           Country
           in
           all
           things
           that
           are
           not
           perfectly
           the
           native
           growths
           and
           manufactures
           :
           Then
           by
           severity
           and
           steediness
           of
           the
           Government
           (
           as
           far
           as
           will
           be
           permitted
           )
           to
           keep
           up
           in
           some
           credit
           the
           present
           peace
           and
           settlement
           .
           And
           lastly
           ,
           To
           force
           men
           to
           a
           degree
           of
           industry
           ,
           by
           suffering
           none
           to
           hope
           that
           they
           shall
           be
           able
           to
           live
           by
           rapine
           or
           fraud
           .
           For
           in
           some
           diseases
           of
           a
           Civil
           as
           well
           as
           Natural
           body
           ,
           all
           that
           can
           be
           done
           is
           to
           fast
           and
           to
           rest
           ,
           to
           watch
           and
           to
           prevent
           accidents
           ,
           to
           trust
           to
           methods
           rather
           than
           Medicines
           or
           remedies
           ;
           
           and
           with
           patience
           to
           expect
           till
           the
           humours
           being
           spent
           ,
           and
           the
           Crisis
           past
           ,
           way
           may
           be
           made
           for
           the
           natural
           returns
           of
           health
           and
           of
           strength
           .
        
         
           This
           being
           premised
           as
           peculiar
           either
           to
           the
           Government
           in
           general
           ,
           or
           to
           the
           present
           conjuncture
           ;
           I
           shall
           proceed
           to
           such
           Observations
           as
           occur
           concerning
           the
           ways
           of
           advancing
           the
           common
           and
           standing
           Trade
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           .
        
         
           The
           Trade
           of
           a
           Country
           arises
           from
           the
           native
           growths
           of
           the
           Soil
           ,
           or
           Seas
           ,
           the
           Manufactures
           ,
           the
           commodiousness
           of
           Ports
           ,
           and
           the
           store
           of
           Shipping
           which
           belong
           to
           it
           .
           The
           improvement
           therefore
           of
           Trade
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           must
           be
           considered
           in
           the
           survey
           of
           all
           these
           Particulars
           ,
           the
           defects
           to
           which
           at
           present
           they
           are
           subject
           ,
           and
           the
           encreases
           they
           are
           capable
           of
           receiving
           either
           from
           the
           course
           of
           time
           ,
           the
           change
           of
           customs
           ,
           or
           the
           conduct
           and
           application
           of
           the
           Government
           .
        
         
           The
           native
           Commodities
           or
           common
           easie
           Manufactures
           which
           make
           up
           the
           Exportation
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           consequently
           furnish
           both
           the
           stock
           of
           foreign
           Commodities
           consumed
           in
           the
           Country
           ,
           and
           that
           likewise
           of
           current
           Money
           ,
           by
           which
           all
           Trade
           is
           turned
           ;
           are
           Wool
           ,
           Butter
           ,
           Beef
           ,
           Cattel
           ,
           Fish
           ,
           Iron
           ;
           and
           by
           the
           improvement
           of
           these
           ,
           either
           in
           the
           quantity
           ,
           the
           credit
           ,
           or
           the
           further
           Manufacture
           ,
           the
           Trade
           of
           Ireland
           seems
           chiefly
           to
           be
           advanced
           .
        
         
           In
           this
           Survey
           one
           thing
           must
           be
           taken
           notice
           of
           as
           peculiar
           to
           this
           Country
           ,
           which
           is
           ,
           That
           as
           in
           the
           nature
           of
           its
           Government
           ,
           so
           in
           the
           very
           improvement
           of
           its
           Trade
           and
           Riches
           ,
           it
           ought
           to
           be
           considered
           
           not
           only
           in
           its
           own
           proper
           interest
           ,
           but
           likewise
           in
           its
           relation
           to
           England
           ,
           to
           which
           it
           is
           subordinate
           ,
           and
           upon
           whose
           weal
           in
           the
           main
           ,
           that
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           depends
           ;
           and
           therefore
           a
           regard
           must
           be
           had
           of
           those
           points
           wherein
           the
           Trade
           of
           Ireland
           comes
           to
           interfere
           with
           any
           main
           branches
           of
           the
           Trade
           of
           England
           ,
           in
           which
           cases
           the
           encouragement
           of
           such
           Trade
           ought
           to
           be
           either
           declined
           or
           moderated
           ,
           and
           so
           give
           way
           to
           the
           interest
           of
           Trade
           in
           England
           ,
           upon
           the
           health
           and
           vigor
           whereof
           ,
           the
           strength
           ,
           riches
           ,
           and
           glory
           of
           his
           Majesties
           Crowns
           seem
           chiefly
           to
           depend
           .
           But
           on
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           some
           such
           branches
           of
           Trade
           ought
           not
           wholly
           to
           be
           supprest
           ,
           but
           rather
           so
           far
           admitted
           as
           may
           serve
           the
           general
           consumption
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           left
           by
           too
           great
           an
           importation
           of
           Commodities
           ,
           though
           out
           of
           England
           it self
           ,
           the
           Money
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           happen
           to
           be
           drawn
           away
           in
           such
           a
           degree
           as
           not
           to
           leave
           a
           stock
           sufficient
           for
           turning
           the
           Trade
           at
           home
           ;
           the
           effect
           hereof
           would
           be
           general
           discontents
           among
           the
           People
           ,
           complaints
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           ill
           impressions
           of
           the
           Government
           ,
           which
           in
           a
           Country
           composed
           of
           three
           several
           Nations
           different
           to
           a
           great
           degree
           in
           Language
           ,
           Customs
           ,
           and
           Religion
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           Interest
           (
           both
           of
           property
           and
           dependances
           )
           may
           prove
           not
           only
           dangerous
           to
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           but
           to
           England
           it self
           .
           Since
           a
           sore
           in
           the
           leg
           may
           affect
           the
           whole
           body
           ,
           and
           in
           time
           grow
           as
           difficult
           a
           cure
           as
           if
           it
           were
           in
           the
           head
           ;
           especially
           where
           humours
           abound
           .
        
         
           The
           Wool
           of
           Ireland
           seems
           not
           to
           be
           capable
           of
           any
           encrease
           ,
           nor
           to
           suffer
           under
           any
           defect
           ,
           the
           Country
           being
           generally
           full
           stockt
           with
           sheep
           ,
           cleared
           
           of
           Wolves
           ,
           the
           Soil
           little
           subject
           to
           other
           rotts
           than
           of
           hunger
           ;
           and
           all
           the
           considerable
           flocks
           being
           of
           English
           breed
           ,
           and
           the
           staple
           of
           Wool
           generally
           equal
           with
           that
           of
           Northampton
           or
           Leicestershire
           ,
           the
           improvement
           of
           this
           Commodity
           by
           Manufactures
           in
           this
           Kingdom
           would
           give
           so
           great
           a
           damp
           to
           the
           Trade
           of
           England
           (
           of
           which
           Cloths
           ,
           Stuffs
           ,
           and
           Stockins
           ,
           make
           so
           mighty
           a
           part
           )
           that
           it
           seems
           not
           fit
           to
           be
           encouraged
           here
           ,
           at
           least
           no
           further
           than
           to
           such
           a
           quantity
           of
           one
           or
           two
           Summer-stuffs
           ,
           
           Irish-freeze
           ,
           and
           Cloth
           from
           Six
           shillings
           to
           Fourteen
           ,
           as
           may
           supply
           in
           some
           measure
           the
           ordinary
           consumption
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           .
           That
           which
           seems
           most
           necessary
           in
           this
           branch
           is
           the
           careful
           and
           severe
           execution
           of
           the
           Statutes
           provided
           to
           forbid
           the
           Exportation
           of
           Wool
           to
           any
           other
           parts
           but
           to
           England
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           more
           to
           be
           watched
           and
           feared
           ,
           since
           thereby
           the
           present
           Riches
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           would
           be
           mightily
           encreased
           ,
           and
           great
           advantages
           might
           be
           made
           by
           the
           connivance
           of
           Governours
           ;
           whereas
           on
           the
           other
           side
           this
           would
           prove
           a
           most
           sensible
           decay
           ,
           if
           not
           destruction
           of
           Manufactures
           both
           here
           and
           in
           England
           it self
           .
        
         
           Yarn
           is
           a
           Commodity
           very
           proper
           to
           this
           Country
           ,
           but
           made
           in
           no
           great
           quantities
           in
           any
           parts
           besides
           the
           North
           ,
           nor
           any
           where
           into
           Linnen
           to
           any
           great
           degree
           ,
           or
           of
           sorts
           fit
           for
           the
           better
           uses
           at
           home
           ,
           or
           exportation
           abroad
           ;
           though
           of
           all
           others
           this
           ought
           most
           to
           be
           encouraged
           ,
           and
           was
           therefore
           chiefly
           designed
           by
           the
           Earl
           of
           Strafford
           .
           The
           Soil
           produces
           Flax
           kindly
           and
           well
           ,
           and
           fine
           too
           ,
           answerable
           to
           the
           care
           used
           in
           choice
           of
           seed
           and
           exercise
           of
           Husbandry
           ;
           and
           much
           Land
           is
           fit
           for
           it
           
           here
           ,
           which
           is
           not
           so
           for
           Corn.
           The
           Manufacture
           of
           it
           in
           gathering
           or
           beating
           is
           of
           little
           toyl
           or
           application
           ,
           and
           so
           the
           fitter
           for
           the
           Natives
           of
           the
           Country
           .
           Besides
           ,
           no
           Women
           are
           apter
           to
           spin
           it
           well
           than
           the
           Irish
           ,
           who
           labouring
           little
           in
           any
           kind
           with
           their
           hands
           ,
           have
           their
           fingers
           more
           supple
           and
           soft
           than
           other
           Women
           of
           the
           poorer
           condition
           among
           us
           .
           And
           this
           may
           certainly
           be
           advanced
           and
           improved
           into
           a
           great
           Manufacture
           of
           Linnen
           ,
           so
           as
           to
           beat
           down
           the
           Trade
           both
           of
           France
           and
           Holland
           ,
           and
           draw
           much
           of
           the
           Money
           which
           goes
           from
           England
           to
           those
           parts
           upon
           this
           occasion
           into
           the
           hands
           of
           his
           Majesties
           Subjects
           of
           Ireland
           without
           crossing
           any
           interest
           of
           Trade
           in
           England
           .
           For
           besides
           what
           has
           been
           said
           of
           Flax
           and
           Spinning
           ,
           the
           Soil
           and
           Climate
           are
           proper
           for
           whitening
           both
           by
           the
           frequency
           of
           Brooks
           ,
           and
           also
           of
           Winds
           in
           the
           Country
           .
        
         
           Much
           care
           was
           spent
           upon
           this
           design
           in
           an
           Act
           of
           Parliament
           past
           the
           last
           Session
           ,
           and
           something
           may
           have
           been
           advanced
           by
           it
           ;
           but
           the
           too
           great
           rigor
           imposed
           upon
           the
           sowing
           of
           certain
           quantities
           of
           Flax
           ,
           has
           caused
           (
           and
           perhaps
           justly
           )
           a
           general
           neglect
           in
           the
           execution
           ;
           and
           common
           guilt
           has
           made
           the
           penalties
           impracticable
           ;
           so
           as
           the
           main
           effect
           has
           been
           spoiled
           by
           too
           much
           diligence
           ,
           and
           the
           Child
           killed
           with
           kindness
           .
           For
           the
           Money
           applyed
           by
           that
           Act
           to
           the
           encouragement
           of
           making
           fine
           Linnen
           ,
           and
           broad
           (
           which
           I
           think
           is
           twenty
           pounds
           every
           year
           in
           each
           County
           )
           ,
           though
           the
           institution
           was
           good
           ,
           yet
           it
           has
           not
           reached
           the
           end
           ,
           by
           encouraging
           any
           considerable
           application
           that
           way
           ;
           so
           that
           sometimes
           one
           share
           of
           that
           Money
           is
           
           paid
           to
           a
           single
           pretender
           at
           the
           Sizes
           ,
           or
           Sessions
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           a
           share
           is
           saved
           for
           want
           of
           any
           pretender
           at
           all
           .
        
         
           This
           Trade
           may
           be
           advanced
           by
           some
           amendments
           to
           the
           last
           Act
           in
           another
           Session
           ,
           whereby
           the
           necessity
           of
           sowing
           Flax
           may
           be
           so
           limited
           as
           to
           be
           made
           easily
           practicable
           ,
           and
           so
           may
           be
           forced
           by
           the
           severity
           of
           levying
           the
           penalties
           Enacted
           .
           And
           for
           the
           Money
           allotted
           in
           the
           Counties
           ,
           no
           person
           ought
           to
           carry
           the
           first
           ,
           second
           or
           third
           prize
           ,
           without
           producing
           two
           pieces
           of
           Linnen
           of
           each
           sort
           (
           whereas
           one
           only
           now
           is
           necessary
           .
           )
           And
           severe
           defences
           may
           be
           made
           against
           weaving
           any
           Linnen
           under
           a
           certain
           breadth
           ,
           such
           as
           may
           be
           of
           better
           use
           to
           the
           poorest
           People
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           coarsest
           Linnen
           than
           the
           narrow
           Irish
           Cloth
           ;
           and
           may
           bear
           some
           price
           abroad
           when
           ever
           more
           comes
           to
           be
           made
           than
           is
           consumed
           at
           home
           .
           But
           after
           all
           these
           or
           such
           like
           provisions
           ,
           there
           are
           but
           two
           things
           which
           can
           make
           any
           extraordinary
           advance
           in
           this
           branch
           of
           Trade
           ,
           and
           those
           are
           :
           First
           ,
           An
           encrease
           of
           People
           in
           the
           Country
           to
           such
           a
           degree
           as
           may
           make
           things
           necessary
           to
           life
           dear
           ,
           and
           thereby
           force
           general
           industry
           from
           each
           member
           of
           a
           Family
           (
           Women
           as
           well
           as
           Men
           )
           ,
           and
           in
           as
           many
           sorts
           as
           they
           can
           well
           turn
           to
           ,
           which
           among
           others
           may
           in
           time
           come
           to
           run
           the
           vein
           this
           way
           .
           The
           second
           is
           a
           particular
           application
           in
           the
           Government
           .
           And
           this
           must
           be
           made
           either
           by
           some
           Governour
           upon
           his
           own
           private
           account
           ,
           who
           has
           a
           great
           stock
           that
           he
           is
           content
           to
           turn
           that
           way
           ,
           and
           is
           invited
           by
           the
           gains
           ,
           or
           else
           by
           the
           honour
           of
           bringing
           to
           pass
           a
           work
           of
           so
           much
           publick
           utility
           
           both
           to
           England
           and
           Ireland
           (
           which
           circumstances
           I
           suppose
           concur'd
           both
           in
           the
           Earl
           of
           
           Strafford's
           design
           ;
           and
           when
           ever
           they
           meet
           again
           ,
           can
           have
           no
           better
           copy
           to
           follow
           in
           all
           particulars
           )
           than
           that
           begun
           at
           the
           Naas
           in
           his
           time
           .
           Or
           else
           by
           a
           considerable
           sum
           of
           Money
           being
           laid
           aside
           either
           out
           of
           his
           Majesties
           present
           Revenue
           ,
           or
           some
           future
           Subsidy
           to
           be
           granted
           for
           this
           occasion
           :
           And
           this
           either
           to
           be
           imployed
           in
           setting
           up
           of
           some
           great
           Linnen
           Manufacture
           in
           some
           certain
           place
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           managed
           by
           some
           certain
           hands
           both
           for
           making
           all
           sorts
           of
           fine
           Clothes
           ,
           and
           of
           those
           for
           Sails
           too
           .
           The
           benefit
           or
           loss
           of
           such
           a
           Trade
           accuring
           to
           the
           Government
           until
           it
           comes
           to
           take
           root
           in
           the
           Nation
           .
           Or
           else
           if
           this
           seem
           too
           great
           an
           undertaking
           for
           the
           humour
           of
           our
           age
           ,
           then
           such
           a
           sum
           of
           Money
           to
           lie
           ready
           in
           hands
           appointed
           by
           the
           Government
           ,
           for
           taking
           off
           at
           common
           moderate
           prices
           all
           such
           pieces
           of
           Cloth
           as
           shall
           be
           brought
           in
           by
           any
           persons
           at
           certain
           times
           to
           the
           chief
           Town
           of
           each
           County
           ;
           and
           all
           such
           pieces
           of
           Cloth
           as
           are
           fit
           for
           Sails
           ,
           to
           be
           carried
           into
           the
           stores
           of
           the
           Navy
           .
           All
           that
           are
           fit
           for
           the
           use
           of
           the
           Army
           ,
           to
           be
           given
           the
           Soldiers
           (
           as
           Clothes
           are
           )
           in
           part
           of
           their
           pay
           :
           And
           all
           finer
           pieces
           to
           be
           sold
           ,
           and
           the
           Money
           still
           applied
           to
           the
           increase
           or
           constant
           supply
           of
           the
           main
           stock
           .
           The
           effect
           hereof
           would
           be
           ,
           That
           People
           finding
           a
           certain
           Market
           for
           this
           Commodity
           ,
           and
           that
           of
           others
           so
           uncertain
           as
           it
           is
           in
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           would
           turn
           so
           much
           of
           their
           industry
           this
           way
           ,
           as
           would
           serve
           to
           furnish
           a
           great
           part
           of
           that
           Money
           which
           is
           most
           absolutely
           necessary
           for
           payment
           of
           Taxes
           ,
           Rents
           ,
           or
           subsistence
           of
           Families
           .
        
         
         
           Hide
           ,
           Tallow
           ,
           Butter
           ,
           Beef
           ,
           arise
           all
           from
           one
           sort
           of
           Cattel
           ,
           and
           are
           subject
           to
           the
           same
           general
           defects
           ,
           and
           capable
           of
           the
           same
           common
           improvements
           .
        
         
           The
           three
           first
           are
           certain
           Commodities
           ,
           and
           yield
           the
           readiest
           Money
           of
           any
           that
           are
           turned
           in
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           because
           they
           never
           fail
           of
           a
           price
           abroad
           .
           Beef
           is
           a
           drug
           ,
           finding
           no
           constant
           vent
           abroad
           ,
           and
           therefore
           yielding
           no
           rate
           at
           home
           :
           for
           the
           consumption
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           holds
           no
           proportion
           with
           the
           product
           that
           is
           usually
           made
           of
           Cattel
           in
           it
           ;
           so
           that
           in
           many
           parts
           at
           this
           time
           an
           Ox
           may
           be
           bought
           in
           the
           Country-markets
           ,
           and
           the
           Hide
           and
           Tallow
           sold
           at
           the
           next
           Trading-Town
           for
           as
           much
           as
           it
           cost
           .
           The
           defects
           of
           these
           Commodities
           lie
           either
           in
           the
           age
           and
           feeding
           of
           the
           Cattel
           that
           are
           killed
           ,
           or
           in
           the
           Manufacture
           and
           making
           them
           up
           for
           exportation
           abroad
           .
        
         
           Until
           the
           Transportation
           of
           Cattel
           into
           England
           was
           forbidden
           by
           the
           late
           Act
           of
           Parliament
           ,
           the
           quickest
           Trade
           of
           ready
           Money
           here
           was
           driven
           by
           the
           sale
           of
           young
           Bullocks
           ,
           which
           for
           four
           or
           five
           Summer-months
           of
           the
           year
           were
           carried
           over
           in
           very
           great
           numbers
           ,
           and
           this
           made
           all
           the
           breeders
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           turn
           their
           lands
           and
           stocks
           chiefly
           to
           that
           sort
           of
           Cattel
           .
           Few
           Cows
           were
           bred
           up
           for
           the
           Dairy
           ,
           more
           than
           served
           the
           consumption
           within
           ;
           and
           few
           Oxen
           for
           draught
           ,
           which
           was
           all
           performed
           by
           rascally
           small
           Horses
           ;
           so
           as
           the
           Cattel
           generally
           sold
           either
           for
           slaughter
           within
           ,
           or
           Exportation
           abroad
           were
           of
           two
           ,
           three
           ,
           or
           at
           best
           four
           years
           old
           ,
           and
           those
           such
           as
           had
           never
           been
           either
           handled
           or
           wintered
           at
           hand-meat
           ,
           but
           bred
           wholly
           upon
           the
           
           Mountains
           in
           Summer
           ,
           and
           upon
           the
           withered
           long
           grass
           of
           the
           lower
           lands
           in
           the
           Winter
           .
           The
           effect
           hereof
           was
           very
           pernicious
           to
           this
           Kingdom
           in
           what
           concerned
           all
           these
           Commodities
           :
           The
           Hides
           were
           small
           ,
           thin
           ,
           and
           lank
           :
           The
           Tallow
           much
           less
           in
           quantity
           ,
           and
           of
           quicker
           consumption
           .
           Little
           Butter
           was
           exported
           abroad
           ,
           and
           that
           discredited
           by
           the
           huswifery
           of
           the
           Irish
           in
           making
           it
           up
           ;
           most
           of
           what
           was
           sent
           coming
           from
           their
           hands
           ,
           who
           alone
           kept
           up
           the
           Trade
           of
           Dairies
           ,
           because
           the
           breed
           of
           their
           Cattel
           was
           not
           fit
           for
           the
           
           English-Markets
           .
           But
           above
           all
           ,
           the
           Trade
           of
           Beef
           for
           foreign
           Exportation
           was
           prejudiced
           and
           almost
           sunk
           ,
           for
           the
           flesh
           being
           young
           ,
           and
           only
           grass-fed
           (
           and
           that
           on
           a
           sudden
           by
           the
           sweetness
           of
           the
           Summers
           pasture
           ,
           after
           the
           Cattel
           being
           almost
           starv'd
           in
           the
           Winter
           )
           was
           thin
           ,
           light
           ,
           and
           moist
           ,
           and
           not
           of
           a
           substance
           to
           endure
           the
           salt
           ,
           or
           be
           preserved
           by
           it
           ,
           for
           long
           Voyages
           ,
           or
           a
           slow
           consumption
           .
           Besides
           ,
           either
           the
           unskilfulness
           or
           carlesness
           ,
           or
           Knavery
           of
           the
           Traders
           ,
           added
           much
           to
           the
           undervalue
           and
           discredit
           of
           these
           Commodities
           abroad
           ;
           for
           the
           Hides
           were
           often
           made
           up
           very
           dirty
           ,
           which
           increased
           the
           weight
           by
           which
           that
           Commodity
           is
           sold
           when
           it
           comes
           in
           quantities
           abroad
           .
           The
           Butter
           would
           be
           better
           on
           the
           top
           and
           bottom
           of
           the
           Barrels
           ,
           than
           in
           the
           middle
           ,
           which
           would
           be
           sometimes
           filled
           up
           ,
           or
           mingled
           with
           Tallow
           ;
           nay
           ,
           sometimes
           with
           stones
           .
           The
           Beef
           would
           be
           so
           ill
           chosen
           ,
           or
           so
           ill
           cured
           ,
           as
           to
           stink
           many
           times
           before
           it
           came
           so
           far
           as
           Holland
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           not
           prove
           a
           Commodity
           that
           would
           defray
           the
           first
           charge
           of
           the
           Merchant
           before
           it
           was
           shipt
           .
           Nay
           ,
           I
           have
           known
           Merchants
           there
           ,
           fain
           to
           throw
           away
           great
           quantities
           
           after
           having
           layn
           long
           in
           their
           hands
           without
           any
           Market
           at
           all
           .
        
         
           After
           the
           Act
           in
           England
           had
           wholly
           stopt
           the
           Transportation
           of
           Cattel
           ,
           the
           Trade
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           was
           forced
           to
           find
           out
           a
           new
           Channel
           ,
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           Land
           was
           turned
           to
           Sheep
           ,
           because
           Wool
           gave
           ready
           Money
           for
           the
           English
           Markets
           ,
           and
           by
           stealth
           for
           those
           abroad
           .
           The
           breeders
           of
           English
           Cattel
           turn'd
           much
           to
           Dairy
           ,
           or
           else
           by
           keeping
           their
           Cattel
           to
           six
           and
           seven
           year
           old
           ,
           and
           wintering
           them
           dry
           ,
           made
           them
           fit
           for
           the
           Beef-trade
           abroad
           ;
           and
           some
           of
           the
           Merchants
           fell
           into
           care
           and
           exactness
           in
           Barrelling
           them
           up
           ;
           and
           hereby
           the
           improvements
           of
           this
           Trade
           were
           grown
           so
           sensible
           in
           the
           course
           of
           a
           few
           years
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           year
           1669
           ,
           some
           Merchants
           in
           Holland
           assured
           me
           ,
           that
           they
           had
           received
           parcels
           of
           Beef
           out
           of
           Ireland
           which
           sold
           current
           ,
           and
           very
           near
           the
           English
           ;
           and
           of
           Butter
           which
           sold
           beyond
           it
           ;
           and
           that
           they
           had
           observed
           it
           spent
           as
           if
           it
           came
           from
           the
           richer
           soil
           of
           the
           two
           .
           'T
           is
           most
           evident
           that
           if
           the
           Dutch
           War
           had
           not
           broken
           out
           so
           soon
           after
           the
           improvements
           of
           all
           these
           Trades
           (
           forced
           at
           first
           by
           necessity
           ,
           and
           growing
           afterwards
           habitual
           by
           use
           )
           would
           in
           a
           few
           years
           have
           very
           much
           advanced
           the
           Trade
           and
           Riches
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           made
           it
           a
           great
           gainer
           instead
           of
           losing
           by
           the
           Act
           against
           Transportation
           of
           their
           Cattel
           :
           But
           the
           War
           gave
           a
           sudden
           damp
           to
           this
           and
           all
           other
           Trade
           ,
           which
           is
           sunk
           to
           nothing
           by
           the
           continuance
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           However
           having
           marked
           the
           defects
           that
           were
           even
           in
           time
           of
           peace
           ,
           it
           may
           not
           be
           useless
           to
           set
           down
           the
           Remedies
           ,
           though
           little
           practicable
           while
           
           the
           War
           lasts
           .
           For
           that
           great
           one
           of
           killing
           Cattel
           young
           ,
           and
           only
           grass-fed
           ,
           I
           know
           none
           so
           effectual
           as
           introducing
           a
           general
           custom
           of
           using
           Oxen
           for
           all
           sorts
           of
           draught
           ,
           which
           would
           be
           perhaps
           the
           greatest
           improvement
           that
           could
           be
           made
           in
           many
           kinds
           throughout
           the
           Kingdom
           .
           By
           this
           means
           the
           great
           slaughter
           would
           be
           made
           of
           full-grown
           ,
           large
           ,
           and
           well-wintered
           Cattel
           ,
           which
           would
           double
           the
           income
           made
           by
           Hide
           ,
           Tallow
           and
           Beef
           ,
           and
           raise
           their
           credit
           in
           all
           foreign
           Markets
           ,
           every
           man
           would
           be
           forced
           to
           provide
           Winter-fodder
           for
           his
           Teem
           (
           whereas
           common
           Garrans
           shift
           upon
           grass
           the
           year
           round
           )
           ;
           and
           this
           would
           force
           men
           to
           the
           enclosing
           of
           Grounds
           ,
           and
           improving
           bog
           into
           Meadows
           ;
           the
           race
           of
           Garrans
           would
           decrease
           ,
           and
           so
           make
           room
           for
           the
           Countrys
           maintaining
           the
           greater
           number
           of
           Cattel
           ,
           which
           makes
           a
           foreign
           Commodity
           ,
           though
           they
           die
           by
           accident
           or
           age
           ,
           whereas
           the
           other
           makes
           none
           at
           all
           .
        
         
           No
           great
           or
           useful
           thing
           is
           to
           be
           atchieved
           without
           difficulties
           ,
           and
           therefore
           what
           may
           be
           raised
           against
           this
           Proposal
           ought
           not
           to
           discourage
           the
           attempting
           it
           .
           First
           ,
           the
           Statutes
           against
           that
           barbarous
           custom
           of
           Plowing
           by
           the
           tayl
           ,
           ought
           to
           be
           renewed
           ,
           and
           upon
           absolute
           forfeitures
           instead
           of
           penalties
           ;
           the
           constant
           and
           easie
           compositions
           whereof
           have
           proved
           rather
           an
           allowing
           than
           forbidding
           it
           .
           Now
           if
           this
           were
           wholly
           disused
           ,
           the
           Harness
           for
           Horses
           being
           dearer
           than
           for
           Oxen
           ,
           the
           Irish
           would
           turn
           their
           draught
           to
           the
           last
           ,
           where-ever
           they
           have
           hitherto
           used
           the
           Plowing
           by
           the
           Tayl.
           Next
           a
           Standard
           might
           be
           made
           ,
           under
           which
           no
           Horse
           should
           be
           used
           for
           draught
           ;
           this
           would
           not
           only
           enlarge
           
           the
           breed
           of
           Horses
           ,
           but
           make
           way
           for
           the
           use
           of
           Oxen
           ,
           because
           they
           would
           be
           cheaper
           kept
           than
           large
           good
           Horses
           ,
           which
           could
           not
           be
           wintered
           like
           Garrans
           without
           housing
           or
           fodder
           .
           And
           lastly
           ,
           a
           Tax
           might
           be
           laid
           upon
           every
           Horse
           of
           draught
           throughout
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           which
           besides
           the
           main
           use
           here
           intended
           ,
           would
           encrease
           the
           Kings
           Revenue
           by
           one
           of
           the
           easiest
           ways
           that
           is
           any
           where
           in
           use
           .
        
         
           For
           the
           miscarriages
           mentioned
           in
           the
           making
           up
           of
           those
           several
           Commodities
           for
           foreign
           Markets
           ,
           they
           must
           likewise
           be
           remedied
           by
           severe
           Laws
           ,
           or
           else
           the
           improvements
           of
           the
           Commodities
           themselves
           will
           not
           serve
           to
           bring
           them
           in
           credit
           ,
           upon
           which
           all
           Trade
           turns
           .
           First
           ,
           the
           Ports
           out
           of
           which
           such
           Commodities
           shall
           be
           shipt
           ,
           may
           be
           restrained
           to
           a
           certain
           number
           ,
           such
           as
           lie
           most
           convenient
           for
           the
           vent
           of
           the
           Inland
           Provinces
           ,
           and
           such
           as
           either
           are
           already
           or
           are
           capable
           of
           being
           made
           regular
           Corporations
           .
           Whatever
           of
           them
           shall
           be
           carried
           out
           of
           any
           other
           Port
           ,
           shall
           be
           penal
           both
           to
           the
           Merchant
           that
           delivers
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           Master
           that
           receives
           them
           .
           In
           the
           Ports
           allowed
           shall
           be
           published
           rules
           agreed
           on
           by
           the
           skilfullest
           Merchants
           in
           those
           Wares
           ,
           to
           be
           observed
           in
           the
           making
           up
           of
           all
           such
           as
           are
           intended
           for
           foreign
           Transportation
           ,
           and
           declaring
           that
           what
           is
           not
           found
           agreeable
           to
           those
           rules
           shall
           not
           be
           suffered
           to
           go
           out
           .
           Two
           Officers
           may
           be
           appointed
           to
           be
           chosen
           every
           three
           years
           by
           the
           body
           of
           the
           Corporation
           ,
           whose
           business
           shall
           be
           to
           inspect
           all
           Barrels
           of
           Beef
           ,
           Tallow
           ,
           Butter
           ,
           and
           all
           Packs
           of
           Hides
           ,
           and
           put
           to
           them
           the
           seal
           or
           mark
           of
           the
           Corporation
           ,
           without
           which
           none
           
           shall
           be
           suffer'd
           to
           go
           abroad
           ;
           Nor
           shall
           this
           mark
           be
           affixed
           to
           any
           parcels
           by
           those
           Officers
           ,
           but
           such
           as
           they
           have
           viewed
           and
           found
           agreeable
           to
           the
           rules
           set
           forth
           for
           that
           purpose
           .
           Whereof
           one
           ought
           to
           be
           certain
           ,
           That
           every
           Barrel
           be
           of
           the
           same
           constant
           weight
           ,
           or
           something
           over
           .
           If
           this
           were
           observed
           for
           a
           small
           course
           of
           time
           ,
           under
           any
           certain
           marks
           ,
           the
           credit
           of
           them
           both
           as
           to
           quality
           and
           weight
           would
           rise
           to
           that
           degree
           ,
           that
           the
           Barrels
           or
           Packs
           would
           go
           off
           in
           the
           Markets
           they
           used
           abroad
           ,
           upon
           sight
           of
           the
           mark
           ,
           like
           silver-plate
           upon
           sight
           of
           the
           Cities
           mark
           where
           't
           is
           made
           .
        
         
           The
           great
           difficulty
           will
           lie
           in
           the
           good
           execution
           of
           the
           Offices
           ;
           But
           the
           interest
           of
           such
           Corporations
           lying
           so
           deep
           in
           the
           credit
           of
           their
           mark
           ,
           will
           make
           emulation
           among
           them
           ,
           every
           one
           vying
           to
           raise
           their
           own
           as
           high
           as
           they
           can
           ;
           and
           this
           will
           make
           them
           careful
           in
           the
           choice
           of
           men
           fit
           for
           that
           turn
           .
           Besides
           ,
           the
           Offices
           ought
           to
           be
           made
           beneficial
           to
           a
           good
           degree
           by
           a
           certain
           fee
           upon
           every
           seal
           ;
           and
           yet
           the
           Office
           to
           be
           forfeited
           upon
           every
           miscarriage
           of
           the
           Officer
           ,
           which
           shall
           be
           judged
           so
           by
           the
           chief
           Magistrates
           of
           the
           Town
           ,
           and
           thereupon
           a
           new
           Election
           be
           made
           by
           the
           body
           of
           the
           Corporation
           .
        
         
           Cattel
           for
           Exportation
           ,
           are
           Sheep
           ,
           Bullocks
           ,
           Horses
           ,
           and
           of
           one
           or
           other
           of
           these
           kinds
           the
           Country
           seems
           to
           be
           full
           stockt
           ,
           no
           ground
           that
           I
           hear
           of
           being
           untenanted
           ;
           the
           two
           first
           seem
           sufficiently
           improved
           in
           the
           kinds
           as
           well
           as
           the
           number
           ,
           most
           of
           both
           being
           of
           the
           English
           breed
           .
           And
           though
           it
           were
           better
           for
           the
           Country
           if
           the
           number
           of
           Horses
           being
           lessened
           made
           room
           for
           that
           of
           encreasing
           
           Sheep
           ,
           and
           great
           Cattel
           ;
           yet
           it
           seems
           indifferent
           which
           of
           these
           two
           were
           most
           turn'd
           to
           ,
           and
           that
           will
           be
           regulated
           by
           the
           liberty
           or
           restraint
           of
           carrying
           live
           Cattel
           into
           England
           .
           When
           the
           passage
           is
           open
           ,
           Land
           will
           be
           turned
           most
           to
           great
           Cattel
           ;
           when
           shut
           ,
           to
           Sheep
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           at
           present
           ,
           though
           I
           am
           not
           of
           opinion
           it
           can
           last
           ,
           because
           that
           Act
           seems
           to
           have
           been
           carried
           on
           rather
           by
           the
           interest
           of
           particular
           Counties
           in
           England
           than
           by
           that
           of
           the
           whole
           ,
           which
           in
           my
           opinion
           must
           be
           evidently
           a
           loser
           by
           it
           .
           For
           first
           ,
           the
           fraight
           of
           all
           Cattel
           that
           were
           brought
           over
           being
           in
           English
           Vessels
           ,
           was
           so
           much
           clear
           gain
           to
           England
           ,
           and
           this
           was
           one
           with
           another
           near
           a
           third
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           a
           fourth
           part
           of
           the
           price
           .
           Then
           their
           coming
           over
           young
           and
           very
           cheap
           to
           the
           first
           Market
           ,
           made
           them
           double
           their
           price
           by
           one
           years
           feeding
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           greatest
           improvement
           to
           be
           made
           of
           our
           dry
           Pasture-land
           in
           England
           .
           The
           Trade
           of
           Hides
           ,
           and
           Tallow
           ,
           or
           else
           of
           Leather
           ,
           was
           mightily
           advanced
           in
           England
           ,
           which
           will
           be
           beaten
           down
           in
           foreign
           Markets
           by
           Ireland
           ,
           if
           they
           come
           to
           kill
           all
           their
           Cattel
           at
           home
           .
           The
           young
           Irish
           Cattel
           served
           for
           the
           common
           consumption
           in
           England
           ,
           while
           their
           own
           large
           old
           fat
           Cattel
           went
           into
           the
           Barrel
           for
           the
           foreign
           Trade
           ,
           in
           which
           Irish
           Beef
           had
           in
           a
           manner
           no
           part
           ,
           though
           by
           the
           continuance
           of
           this
           restraint
           it
           will
           be
           forced
           upon
           improvement
           ,
           and
           come
           to
           share
           with
           England
           in
           the
           Beef-Trade
           abroad
           .
           Grounds
           were
           turned
           much
           in
           England
           from
           breeding
           ,
           either
           to
           feeding
           or
           Dairy
           ,
           and
           this
           advanced
           the
           Trade
           of
           English
           Butter
           ,
           which
           will
           be
           extreamly
           beaten
           down
           when
           Ireland
           turns
           to
           it
           too
           (
           and
           in
           the
           way
           of
           
           English
           Huswifry
           ,
           as
           it
           has
           done
           a
           great
           deal
           since
           the
           restraint
           upon
           Cattle
           .
           )
           And
           lastly
           ,
           whereas
           Ireland
           had
           before
           very
           little
           Trade
           but
           with
           England
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           Money
           for
           their
           Cattel
           bought
           all
           the
           Commodities
           there
           which
           they
           wanted
           :
           By
           this
           restraint
           they
           are
           forced
           to
           seek
           a
           foreign
           Market
           ,
           and
           where
           they
           sell
           ,
           they
           will
           be
           sure
           to
           buy
           too
           ;
           and
           all
           the
           foreign
           Merchandize
           which
           they
           had
           before
           from
           
             Bristow
             ,
             Chester
          
           ,
           and
           London
           ,
           they
           will
           have
           in
           time
           from
           
             Roan
             ,
             Amsterdam
             ,
             Lisbon
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Streights
           .
           As
           for
           the
           true
           causes
           of
           the
           decay
           of
           Rents
           in
           England
           ,
           which
           made
           the
           occasion
           of
           that
           Act
           ,
           they
           were
           to
           be
           found
           in
           the
           want
           of
           People
           ,
           in
           the
           mighty
           consumption
           of
           foreign
           Commodities
           among
           the
           better
           sort
           ,
           and
           in
           a
           higher
           way
           of
           living
           among
           all
           ,
           and
           not
           in
           this
           Transportation
           of
           Irish
           Cattel
           ,
           which
           would
           have
           been
           complained
           of
           in
           former
           times
           if
           it
           had
           been
           found
           a
           prejudice
           to
           England
           .
           Besides
           ,
           the
           Rents
           have
           been
           far
           from
           encreasing
           since
           ;
           and
           though
           that
           may
           be
           by
           other
           accidents
           ,
           yet
           as
           to
           what
           concerns
           Ireland
           ,
           it
           comes
           all
           to
           one
           ,
           unless
           Wool
           be
           forbidden
           as
           well
           as
           Cattel
           ;
           for
           the
           less
           Cattel
           comes
           over
           from
           thence
           ,
           there
           comes
           the
           more
           Wool
           ,
           which
           goes
           as
           far
           as
           t'other
           towards
           beating
           down
           the
           price
           of
           Pasture-lands
           in
           England
           ,
           and
           yet
           the
           Transportation
           of
           Wool
           cannot
           be
           forbidden
           ,
           since
           that
           would
           force
           the
           Irish
           Wool
           either
           by
           stealth
           into
           foreign
           Markets
           ,
           or
           else
           in
           Cloth
           by
           the
           advance
           of
           that
           Manufacture
           ;
           either
           of
           which
           would
           bring
           a
           sudden
           decay
           upon
           the
           principal
           branch
           of
           the
           English
           Trade
           .
        
         
           Horses
           in
           Ireland
           are
           a
           drug
           ,
           but
           might
           be
           improved
           to
           a
           Commodity
           ,
           not
           only
           of
           greater
           use
           at
           
           home
           ,
           but
           also
           fit
           for
           Exportation
           into
           other
           Countrys
           .
           The
           Soil
           is
           of
           a
           sweet
           and
           plentiful
           grass
           ,
           which
           will
           raise
           a
           large
           breed
           ;
           and
           the
           Hills
           ,
           especially
           near
           the
           Sea-coasts
           ,
           are
           hard
           and
           rough
           ,
           and
           so
           fit
           to
           give
           them
           shape
           and
           breath
           ,
           and
           sound
           feet
           .
           The
           present
           defects
           in
           them
           are
           breeding
           without
           choice
           of
           Stallions
           either
           in
           shape
           or
           size
           ,
           and
           trusting
           so
           far
           to
           the
           gentleness
           of
           the
           Climate
           as
           to
           winter
           them
           abroad
           ,
           without
           ever
           handling
           Colts
           till
           they
           are
           four
           year
           old
           :
           This
           both
           checks
           the
           growth
           of
           the
           common
           breeds
           ,
           and
           gives
           them
           an
           incurable
           shyness
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           general
           vice
           of
           Irish
           Horses
           ,
           and
           is
           hardly
           ever
           seen
           in
           Flanders
           ,
           because
           the
           hardness
           of
           the
           Winters
           in
           those
           parts
           forces
           the
           breeders
           there
           to
           house
           and
           handle
           their
           Colts
           for
           at
           least
           six
           months
           every
           year
           .
           In
           the
           Studds
           of
           persons
           of
           quality
           in
           Ireland
           where
           care
           is
           taken
           ,
           and
           cost
           is
           not
           spared
           ,
           we
           see
           Horses
           bred
           of
           excellent
           shape
           and
           vigor
           ,
           and
           size
           ,
           so
           as
           to
           reach
           great
           prices
           at
           home
           ,
           and
           encourage
           strangers
           to
           find
           the
           Market
           here
           ;
           among
           whom
           I
           met
           with
           one
           this
           Summer
           that
           came
           over
           on
           that
           errand
           ,
           and
           bought
           about
           twenty
           Horses
           to
           carry
           over
           into
           the
           French
           Army
           from
           twenty
           to
           threescore
           pounds
           price
           at
           the
           first
           hand
           .
        
         
           The
           improvement
           of
           Horses
           here
           may
           be
           made
           by
           a
           standard
           prescribed
           to
           all
           Stallions
           ,
           and
           all
           Horses
           that
           shall
           be
           used
           for
           draught
           ,
           the
           main
           point
           being
           to
           make
           the
           common
           breed
           large
           ,
           for
           then
           whether
           they
           have
           shape
           or
           no
           ,
           they
           have
           ever
           some
           reasonable
           price
           both
           at
           home
           and
           abroad
           .
           And
           besides
           ,
           being
           not
           to
           be
           raised
           without
           wintering
           ,
           they
           will
           help
           to
           force
           men
           into
           improvement
           of
           Land
           
           by
           a
           necessity
           of
           fodder
           .
           But
           for
           encouragement
           of
           finer
           breed
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           better
           hands
           ,
           some
           other
           institutions
           may
           be
           invented
           by
           which
           emulation
           may
           be
           raised
           among
           the
           Breeders
           by
           a
           prospect
           both
           of
           particular
           honour
           and
           profit
           to
           those
           who
           succeed
           best
           ,
           and
           of
           good
           ordinary
           gains
           and
           ready
           vent
           to
           such
           as
           by
           aiming
           at
           the
           best
           though
           they
           fail
           ,
           yet
           go
           beyond
           the
           common
           sorts
           .
           To
           this
           purpose
           there
           may
           be
           set
           up
           both
           a
           Horse-Fair
           ,
           and
           Races
           to
           be
           held
           at
           a
           certain
           time
           every
           year
           for
           the
           space
           of
           a
           week
           ;
           the
           first
           in
           the
           fairest
           Green
           near
           the
           City
           of
           Dublin
           ,
           the
           latter
           in
           that
           place
           designed
           by
           your
           Lordship
           in
           the
           Park
           for
           some
           such
           purpose
           .
           During
           this
           Week
           ,
           the
           Monday
           ,
           Wednesday
           ,
           and
           Friday
           ,
           may
           be
           the
           Races
           ;
           the
           Tuesday
           ,
           Thursday
           ,
           and
           Saturday
           ,
           the
           Fairs
           may
           be
           held
           .
           At
           each
           Race
           may
           be
           two
           Plates
           given
           by
           the
           King
           ,
           one
           of
           thirty
           pounds
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           of
           twenty
           (
           besides
           the
           fashion
           ,
           )
           as
           the
           Prizes
           for
           the
           first
           and
           second
           Horse
           ;
           the
           first
           Engraven
           with
           a
           Horse
           Crowned
           with
           a
           Crown
           ;
           the
           second
           with
           a
           Coronet
           ,
           and
           under
           it
           the
           day
           of
           the
           Month
           ,
           and
           the
           Year
           .
           Besides
           these
           Plates
           ,
           the
           Wagers
           may
           be
           as
           the
           persons
           please
           among
           themselves
           ,
           but
           the
           Horses
           must
           be
           evidenced
           by
           good
           Testimonies
           to
           have
           been
           bred
           in
           Ireland
           .
           For
           honour
           ,
           the
           Lord
           Lieutenant
           may
           ever
           be
           present
           himself
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           name
           a
           Deputy
           in
           his
           room
           ,
           and
           two
           Judges
           of
           the
           field
           ,
           who
           shall
           decide
           all
           Controversies
           ,
           and
           with
           sound
           of
           Trumpet
           declare
           the
           two
           Victors
           .
           The
           Masters
           of
           these
           two
           Horses
           may
           be
           admitted
           to
           ride
           from
           the
           Field
           to
           the
           Castle
           with
           the
           Lord
           Lieutenant
           ,
           or
           his
           Deputy
           ,
           and
           to
           dine
           with
           him
           that
           day
           ,
           and
           
           there
           receive
           all
           the
           honour
           of
           the
           Table
           .
           This
           to
           be
           done
           ,
           what
           quality
           soever
           the
           persons
           are
           of
           ;
           for
           the
           lower
           that
           is
           ,
           the
           more
           will
           be
           the
           honour
           ;
           and
           perhaps
           the
           more
           the
           sport
           :
           and
           the
           encouragement
           of
           breeding
           will
           by
           that
           means
           extend
           to
           all
           sorts
           of
           men
           .
        
         
           For
           the
           Fairs
           ,
           the
           Lord
           Lieutenant
           may
           likewise
           be
           present
           every
           day
           in
           the
           heighth
           of
           them
           ,
           by
           himself
           or
           Deputy
           ,
           and
           may
           with
           the
           advice
           of
           the
           two
           chief
           Officers
           of
           the
           Army
           then
           present
           ,
           chuse
           out
           one
           of
           the
           best
           Horses
           ,
           and
           two
           of
           the
           best
           Geldings
           that
           appear
           in
           the
           Fair
           ,
           not
           under
           four
           ,
           nor
           above
           seven
           years
           old
           .
           For
           which
           shall
           be
           paid
           to
           the
           owners
           of
           them
           ,
           after
           sufficient
           Testimony
           of
           their
           being
           bred
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           One
           hundred
           pounds
           for
           the
           Horse
           ,
           and
           Fifty
           pounds
           a
           piece
           for
           the
           Geldings
           .
           These
           Sums
           ,
           as
           that
           for
           the
           Plates
           ,
           to
           issue
           out
           of
           the
           Revenue
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           and
           without
           trouble
           or
           fee
           ;
           and
           the
           three
           Horses
           to
           be
           sent
           over
           every
           year
           to
           the
           Kings
           Stables
           .
           Both
           those
           that
           won
           the
           Plate
           ,
           and
           those
           which
           are
           thus
           fold
           ought
           immediately
           to
           be
           marked
           so
           as
           they
           may
           never
           return
           a
           second
           time
           ,
           either
           to
           the
           Race
           or
           to
           the
           Sale.
           
        
         
           The
           benefit
           by
           such
           an
           institution
           as
           this
           ,
           will
           be
           very
           great
           and
           various
           :
           For
           besides
           the
           encouragement
           to
           breed
           the
           best
           Horses
           ,
           from
           the
           honour
           and
           gain
           already
           mentioned
           ;
           there
           will
           be
           a
           sort
           of
           publick
           entertainment
           for
           one
           whole
           week
           ,
           during
           which
           the
           Lord
           Lieutenant
           ,
           the
           Lord
           Mayor
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           and
           the
           great
           Officers
           both
           Civil
           and
           Military
           ,
           ought
           to
           keep
           open
           Tables
           for
           all
           strangers
           .
           This
           will
           draw
           a
           confluence
           of
           People
           from
           all
           parts
           of
           the
           Country
           .
           Many
           perhaps
           from
           the
           nearer
           parts
           of
           England
           may
           
           come
           ,
           not
           only
           as
           to
           a
           publick
           kind
           of
           solemnity
           ,
           but
           as
           to
           a
           great
           Mart
           of
           the
           best
           Horses
           .
           This
           will
           enrich
           the
           City
           by
           the
           expence
           of
           such
           a
           Concourse
           ,
           and
           the
           Country
           by
           the
           Sale
           of
           many
           Horses
           into
           England
           ,
           and
           in
           time
           (
           or
           from
           thence
           )
           into
           foreign
           parts
           .
           This
           will
           make
           general
           acquaintances
           among
           the
           Gentry
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           bring
           the
           Lord
           Lieutenant
           to
           be
           more
           personally
           known
           ,
           and
           more
           honoured
           by
           his
           appearing
           in
           more
           greatness
           ,
           and
           with
           more
           solemnity
           than
           usual
           upon
           these
           occasions
           .
           And
           all
           this
           with
           expence
           only
           of
           Three
           hundred
           and
           fifty
           pounds
           a
           year
           to
           the
           Crown
           ,
           for
           which
           the
           King
           shall
           have
           three
           the
           best
           Horses
           bred
           that
           year
           in
           Ireland
           .
        
         
           The
           Fishing
           of
           Ireland
           might
           prove
           a
           Mine
           under
           water
           ,
           as
           rich
           as
           any
           under
           ground
           ,
           if
           it
           were
           improved
           to
           those
           vast
           advantages
           it
           is
           capable
           of
           ,
           and
           that
           we
           see
           it
           raised
           to
           in
           other
           Countrys
           .
           But
           this
           is
           impossible
           under
           so
           great
           a
           want
           of
           People
           ,
           and
           cheapness
           of
           all
           things
           necessary
           to
           life
           throughout
           the
           Country
           ,
           which
           are
           in
           all
           places
           invincible
           enemies
           of
           industry
           and
           improvements
           .
           While
           these
           continue
           ,
           I
           know
           no
           way
           of
           advancing
           this
           Trade
           to
           any
           considerable
           degree
           ,
           unless
           it
           be
           the
           erecting
           four
           Companies
           of
           Fishery
           ,
           one
           in
           each
           Province
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           into
           which
           every
           man
           that
           enters
           shall
           bring
           a
           certain
           Capital
           ,
           and
           receive
           a
           proportionable
           share
           of
           the
           gain
           or
           loss
           ,
           and
           have
           a
           proportional
           voice
           in
           the
           Election
           of
           a
           President
           and
           Council
           ,
           by
           whom
           the
           whole
           business
           in
           each
           Province
           shall
           be
           managed
           .
           If
           into
           each
           of
           these
           Companies
           the
           King
           or
           Lord
           Lieutenant
           would
           enter
           for
           a
           considerable
           share
           at
           the
           first
           ,
           towards
           building
           such
           a
           number
           of
           Boats
           and
           Busses
           as
           each
           Company
           could
           easily
           manage
           ,
           it
           would
           
           be
           an
           encouragement
           both
           of
           honour
           and
           advantage
           .
           Certain
           Priviledges
           likewise
           ,
           or
           Immunities
           ,
           might
           be
           granted
           from
           charges
           of
           trouble
           or
           expence
           ,
           nay
           from
           Taxes
           ,
           and
           all
           unusual
           payments
           to
           the
           publick
           ,
           in
           favour
           of
           such
           as
           brought
           in
           a
           proportion
           to
           a
           certain
           heighth
           into
           the
           stock
           of
           the
           Fishery
           .
           Nay
           ,
           it
           seems
           a
           matter
           of
           so
           great
           importance
           to
           his
           Majesties
           Crowns
           ,
           both
           as
           to
           the
           improving
           the
           Riches
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           impairing
           the
           mighty
           gains
           of
           his
           Neighbours
           by
           this
           Trade
           ;
           that
           perhaps
           there
           were
           no
           hurt
           if
           an
           Act
           were
           made
           ,
           by
           which
           none
           should
           be
           capable
           of
           being
           either
           chosen
           into
           a
           Parliament
           ,
           or
           the
           Commission
           of
           the
           Peace
           ,
           who
           had
           not
           manifested
           his
           desires
           of
           advancing
           the
           publick
           good
           by
           entring
           in
           some
           certain
           proportion
           into
           the
           stock
           and
           Companies
           of
           the
           Fishery
           ,
           since
           the
           greatness
           of
           one
           ,
           and
           application
           of
           the
           other
           ,
           seem
           the
           only
           present
           means
           of
           improving
           so
           rich
           and
           so
           important
           a
           Trade
           .
           It
           will
           afterwards
           be
           the
           business
           of
           the
           Companies
           themselves
           ,
           or
           their
           directors
           ,
           to
           fall
           into
           the
           best
           methods
           and
           rules
           for
           the
           curing
           and
           barreling
           up
           all
           their
           Fish
           ,
           and
           to
           see
           them
           so
           exactly
           observed
           ,
           as
           may
           bring
           all
           those
           quantities
           of
           them
           that
           shall
           be
           sent
           abroad
           ,
           or
           spent
           at
           home
           ,
           into
           the
           highest
           and
           most
           general
           credit
           ;
           which
           with
           advancing
           the
           Seasons
           ,
           all
           that
           can
           be
           so
           as
           to
           find
           the
           first
           foreign
           Markets
           ,
           will
           be
           a
           way
           to
           the
           greatest
           and
           surest
           gains
           .
           In
           Holland
           there
           have
           been
           above
           thirty
           Placaerts
           or
           Acts
           of
           State
           concerning
           the
           curing
           ,
           salting
           ,
           and
           barrelling
           of
           Herrings
           alone
           ,
           with
           such
           severity
           in
           the
           Imposition
           and
           execution
           of
           Penalties
           ,
           that
           the
           business
           is
           now
           grown
           to
           an
           habitual
           skill
           ,
           and
           care
           ,
           and
           honesty
           ,
           so
           as
           hardly
           any
           example
           
           is
           seen
           of
           failing
           in
           that
           matter
           ,
           or
           thereby
           impairing
           the
           general
           credit
           of
           that
           Commodity
           among
           them
           ,
           or
           in
           the
           foreign
           Markets
           they
           use
           .
        
         
           Iron
           seems
           to
           me
           the
           Manufacture
           that
           of
           all
           others
           ought
           the
           least
           to
           be
           encouraged
           in
           Ireland
           ;
           or
           if
           it
           be
           ,
           which
           requires
           the
           most
           restriction
           to
           certain
           places
           and
           rules
           .
           For
           I
           do
           not
           remember
           to
           have
           heard
           that
           there
           is
           any
           Oare
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           at
           least
           I
           am
           sure
           the
           greatest
           part
           is
           fetched
           from
           England
           ;
           so
           that
           all
           this
           Country
           affords
           of
           its
           own
           growth
           towards
           this
           Manufacture
           ,
           is
           but
           the
           Wood
           ,
           which
           has
           met
           but
           with
           too
           great
           consumptions
           already
           ,
           in
           most
           parts
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           needs
           not
           this
           to
           destroy
           what
           is
           left
           .
           So
           that
           Iron-works
           ought
           to
           be
           confined
           to
           certain
           places
           ,
           where
           either
           the
           Woods
           continue
           vast
           ,
           and
           make
           the
           Country
           savage
           ,
           or
           where
           they
           are
           not
           at
           all
           fit
           for
           Timber
           ,
           or
           likely
           to
           grow
           to
           it
           ,
           or
           where
           there
           is
           no
           conveyance
           for
           Timber
           to
           places
           of
           vent
           so
           as
           to
           quit
           the
           cost
           of
           the
           carriage
           .
        
         
           Having
           run
           through
           the
           Commodities
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           with
           their
           defects
           and
           improvements
           ,
           I
           will
           only
           touch
           the
           other
           two
           Points
           mentioned
           at
           first
           ,
           as
           the
           grounds
           likewise
           of
           Trade
           in
           a
           Country
           ;
           those
           are
           the
           Commodiousness
           of
           Ports
           ,
           and
           the
           store
           of
           Shipping
           ;
           in
           one
           of
           which
           this
           Kingdom
           as
           much
           abounds
           ,
           as
           it
           fails
           in
           the
           other
           .
           The
           Haven
           of
           Dublin
           is
           barr'd
           to
           that
           degree
           ,
           as
           very
           much
           to
           obstruct
           the
           Trade
           of
           the
           City
           ;
           the
           clearing
           or
           opening
           of
           it
           were
           a
           great
           work
           ,
           and
           proper
           either
           for
           the
           City
           ,
           or
           the
           whole
           Province
           of
           Lemster
           to
           undertake
           .
           But
           whether
           it
           be
           feasible
           ,
           or
           at
           such
           charges
           as
           will
           quit
           cost
           ,
           I
           will
           not
           judg
           ,
           especially
           considering
           the
           many
           good
           Havens
           
           that
           are
           scattered
           upon
           that
           whole
           Eastern
           Coast
           of
           Ireland
           .
           Besides
           this
           ,
           I
           know
           not
           what
           to
           propose
           upon
           this
           head
           ,
           unless
           it
           be
           the
           making
           of
           two
           free
           Ports
           ,
           one
           in
           Kerry
           ,
           and
           t'other
           upon
           the
           Northwest
           Coast
           ,
           which
           may
           thereby
           grow
           to
           be
           Magazines
           for
           the
           West-Indy
           Trade
           ,
           and
           from
           thence
           those
           Commodities
           may
           be
           dispersed
           into
           all
           other
           parts
           of
           Europe
           ,
           after
           having
           paid
           the
           Customs
           which
           they
           ought
           to
           pay
           in
           England
           ,
           where
           this
           must
           be
           concerted
           .
        
         
           For
           the
           last
           Point
           ,
           I
           doubt
           there
           is
           hardly
           any
           other
           Country
           lying
           upon
           the
           Sea-coast
           ,
           and
           not
           wholly
           out
           of
           the
           way
           of
           Trade
           ,
           which
           has
           so
           little
           Shipping
           of
           its
           own
           as
           Ireland
           ,
           and
           which
           might
           be
           capable
           of
           imploying
           more
           .
           The
           reason
           of
           this
           must
           be
           in
           part
           the
           scarcity
           of
           Timber
           proper
           for
           this
           built
           ;
           but
           more
           ,
           the
           want
           of
           Merchants
           ,
           and
           uncertainty
           of
           Trade
           in
           the
           Country
           .
           For
           preventing
           the
           further
           destruction
           of
           Timber
           ,
           a
           Law
           may
           be
           made
           ,
           forbidding
           any
           man
           to
           cut
           down
           any
           Oak
           that
           is
           of
           a
           certain
           heighth
           ,
           unless
           it
           be
           of
           a
           certain
           scantling
           ,
           as
           twelve
           inches
           diameter
           ,
           or
           some
           such
           measure
           as
           usually
           makes
           a
           Tree
           useful
           Timber
           .
           And
           further
           ,
           the
           severest
           Penalties
           ought
           to
           be
           put
           upon
           Barking
           any
           Tree
           that
           is
           not
           felled
           ;
           a
           custom
           barbarous
           and
           peculiar
           to
           this
           Country
           ,
           and
           by
           which
           infinite
           quantities
           of
           Timber
           have
           been
           destroyed
           .
        
         
           All
           Traders
           in
           these
           parts
           ,
           at
           least
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           are
           but
           Factors
           ;
           nor
           do
           I
           hear
           of
           any
           number
           of
           Merchants
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           .
           The
           cause
           of
           this
           must
           be
           rather
           an
           ill
           opinion
           of
           security
           ,
           than
           of
           gain
           ;
           for
           those
           are
           the
           two
           baits
           which
           draw
           Merchants
           to
           a
           place
           :
           the
           last
           intices
           the
           poorer
           Traders
           ,
           or
           the
           young
           beginners
           ,
           
           or
           those
           of
           passage
           ;
           but
           without
           the
           first
           ,
           the
           substantial
           and
           the
           rich
           will
           never
           settle
           in
           a
           Country
           .
           This
           opinion
           can
           be
           attained
           only
           by
           a
           course
           of
           time
           ,
           of
           good
           conduct
           ,
           and
           good
           government
           ,
           and
           thereby
           of
           justice
           ,
           and
           of
           peace
           ,
           which
           lye
           out
           of
           the
           compass
           of
           this
           Discourse
           .
           But
           to
           make
           some
           amends
           for
           this
           want
           at
           present
           ,
           encouragement
           may
           be
           given
           to
           any
           Merchants
           that
           shall
           come
           over
           and
           turn
           a
           certain
           stock
           of
           their
           own
           here
           ,
           as
           Naturallization
           upon
           any
           terms
           ;
           Freedom
           from
           Customs
           the
           two
           first
           years
           ,
           and
           from
           any
           Offices
           of
           trouble
           or
           expence
           the
           first
           seven
           years
           .
           I
           see
           no
           hurt
           if
           the
           King
           should
           give
           leave
           to
           the
           Merchants
           in
           eight
           or
           ten
           of
           the
           chief
           Trading
           Ports
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           to
           name
           for
           each
           Town
           one
           of
           their
           number
           ,
           out
           of
           which
           the
           Lord
           Lieutenant
           should
           chuse
           two
           to
           be
           of
           the
           Privy
           Council
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           with
           a
           certain
           Salary
           from
           the
           King
           to
           defray
           their
           attendance
           :
           This
           would
           be
           an
           honour
           and
           encouragement
           to
           so
           worthy
           a
           Calling
           ,
           and
           would
           introduce
           an
           interest
           of
           Trade
           into
           the
           Council
           ,
           which
           being
           now
           composed
           wholly
           of
           the
           Nobility
           or
           Gentry
           ,
           the
           Civil
           or
           Military
           Officers
           ;
           the
           Traders
           seem
           to
           be
           lest
           without
           Patrons
           in
           the
           Government
           ,
           and
           thereby
           without
           favour
           to
           the
           particular
           concernments
           of
           a
           chief
           member
           in
           the
           Politick
           body
           ;
           and
           upon
           whose
           prospering
           ,
           the
           wealth
           of
           the
           whole
           Kingdom
           seems
           chiefly
           to
           depend
           .
        
         
           But
           this
           is
           enough
           for
           your
           Excellencies
           trouble
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           discharge
           of
           my
           promise
           ,
           and
           too
           much
           I
           doubt
           for
           the
           humour
           of
           our
           age
           to
           bring
           into
           practice
           ,
           or
           so
           much
           as
           to
           admit
           into
           consideration
           .
           Your
           Lordship
           I
           know
           has
           generous
           thoughts
           ,
           and
           turned
           to
           such
           disinteressed
           Speculations
           as
           these
           ,
           and
           a
           mind
           
           framed
           for
           the
           exercise
           of
           those
           Virtues
           which
           can
           most
           advance
           the
           publick
           Weal
           of
           the
           Country
           where
           your
           Station
           is
           .
           But
           that
           is
           not
           enough
           towards
           the
           raising
           such
           buildings
           as
           I
           have
           drawn
           you
           here
           the
           lines
           of
           ,
           unless
           the
           direction
           of
           all
           affairs
           here
           were
           wholly
           in
           your
           hands
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           the
           opinion
           lost
           of
           other
           mens
           being
           able
           to
           contest
           with
           you
           those
           points
           of
           publick
           utility
           which
           you
           ought
           best
           to
           know
           and
           most
           to
           be
           believ'd
           in
           ,
           while
           you
           deserve
           or
           discharge
           so
           great
           a
           trust
           as
           the
           Government
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           .
           For
           I
           think
           a
           Prince
           cannot
           too
           much
           consider
           whom
           to
           chuse
           for
           such
           imployments
           ;
           but
           when
           he
           has
           chosen
           ,
           cannot
           trust
           them
           too
           far
           ,
           or
           thereby
           give
           them
           too
           much
           Authority
           ;
           no
           more
           than
           end
           it
           too
           soon
           ,
           when
           ever
           he
           finds
           it
           abused
           .
           In
           short
           ,
           't
           is
           left
           only
           to
           Princes
           to
           mend
           the
           World
           ,
           whose
           Commands
           find
           general
           obedience
           ;
           and
           Examples
           ,
           imitation
           .
           For
           all
           other
           men
           ,
           they
           must
           take
           it
           as
           they
           find
           it
           ;
           and
           good
           men
           enter
           into
           commerce
           with
           it
           ,
           rather
           upon
           cautions
           of
           not
           being
           spoiled
           themselves
           ,
           than
           upon
           hopes
           of
           mending
           the
           World.
           At
           least
           ,
           this
           opinion
           becomes
           men
           of
           my
           level
           ,
           amongst
           whom
           I
           have
           observed
           all
           set
           quarrels
           with
           the
           age
           ,
           and
           pretences
           of
           reforming
           it
           by
           their
           own
           models
           ,
           to
           end
           commonly
           like
           the
           pains
           of
           a
           man
           in
           a
           little
           Boat
           ,
           who
           tugs
           at
           a
           rope
           that
           's
           fast
           to
           a
           Ship
           ,
           it
           looks
           as
           if
           he
           resolved
           to
           draw
           the
           Ship
           to
           him
           ,
           but
           the
           truth
           and
           his
           meaning
           is
           ,
           to
           draw
           himself
           to
           the
           Ship
           ,
           where
           he
           gets
           in
           when
           he
           can
           ,
           and
           does
           like
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Crew
           when
           he
           is
           there
           .
           When
           I
           have
           such
           designs
           ,
           I
           will
           begin
           such
           contentions
           ;
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           the
           bent
           of
           my
           thoughts
           shall
           be
           rather
           to
           mend
           my self
           than
           the
           World
           ,
           which
           I
           reckon
           
           upon
           leaving
           much
           what
           I
           found
           it
           .
           Nor
           should
           I
           have
           reason
           in
           complaining
           too
           far
           of
           an
           age
           ,
           which
           does
           your
           Lordship
           so
           much
           justice
           by
           the
           honour
           of
           so
           great
           an
           Imployment
           ,
           and
           so
           universal
           an
           esteem
           ;
           In
           both
           which
           ,
           as
           I
           know
           no
           man
           deserves
           greater
           successes
           and
           encreases
           than
           you
           do
           ,
           so
           I
           am
           sure
           no
           man
           wishes
           you
           greater
           than
           I
           do
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .