A tract against vsurie. Presented to the High Court of Parliament.
         Culpeper, Thomas, Sir, 1578-1662.
      
       
         
           1621
        
      
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         Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 830:12.
      
       
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             A tract against vsurie. Presented to the High Court of Parliament.
             Culpeper, Thomas, Sir, 1578-1662.
          
           21, [3] p.
           
             Printed by W[illiam] I[aggard] for Walter Burre, and are to be sold at his shop in Paules Church-yard, at the signe of the Crane,
             London :
             1621.
          
           
             Anonymous. By Sir Thomas Culpeper.
             Printer's name from STC.
             The last leaf is blank.
             In this edition the page numbering commences 3,6,7,6; second line of imprint ends: are.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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           A
           TRACT
           
             AGAINST
          
           VSVRIE
           .
        
         
           Presented
           to
           the
           High
           
             Court
             of
             Parliament
             .
          
        
         
           
             HEB
             DDIEV
             HEB
             DDIM
          
           printer's or publisher's device
        
         
           
             LONDON
             ,
          
           Printed
           by
           
             W.
             I.
          
           for
           Walter
           Burre
           ,
           and
           are
           to
           be
           sold
           at
           his
           shop
           in
           Paules
           Church-yard
           ,
           at
           the
           signe
           of
           the
           Crane
           .
           1621.
           
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           TO
           leaue
           the
           proofes
           of
           the
           vnlawfulnesse
           of
           Vsurie
           to
           Diuines
           ,
           wherein
           a
           number
           ,
           as
           well
           Protestants
           as
           Papists
           haue
           learnedly
           written
           ;
           heere
           is
           onely
           set
           downe
           some
           arguments
           to
           shew
           how
           great
           the
           hurt
           is
           it
           doth
           to
           this
           kingdome
           which
           hath
           no
           gold
           nor
           siluer
           mines
           ,
           but
           plenty
           of
           commodities
           ,
           and
           many
           and
           great
           aduantages
           of
           trade
           to
           which
           the
           high
           rate
           of
           Vsury
           is
           a
           great
           preiudice
           and
           decay
           .
        
         
           For
           proofe
           ,
           how
           much
           the
           high
           rate
           of
           Vsury
           decayes
           trade
           ;
           we
           see
           that
           generally
           all
           Merchants
           when
           they
           haue
           gotten
           any
           great
           wealth
           ,
           leaue
           trading
           and
           fall
           to
           Vsury
           ,
           the
           gaine
           thereof
           being
           so
           easie
           ,
           certain
           ,
           and
           great
           :
           whereas
           in
           other
           Countries
           ,
           where
           Vsury
           is
           at
           a
           lower
           rate
           ,
           and
           thereby
           lands
           deerer
           to
           purchase
           ,
           they
           continue
           Merchants
           from
           generation
           to
           generation
           to
           enrich
           themselues
           and
           the
           State.
           
        
         
         
           Neyther
           are
           they
           rich
           trades-men
           onely
           that
           giue
           ouer
           trading
           ,
           but
           a
           number
           of
           beginners
           are
           vndone
           or
           discouraged
           by
           the
           high
           rate
           of
           Vsury
           ,
           their
           industry
           seruing
           but
           to
           inrich
           others
           ,
           and
           begger
           themselues
           .
        
         
           Wee
           also
           see
           many
           trades
           themselues
           much
           decayed
           ,
           because
           they
           will
           not
           afford
           so
           great
           a
           gaine
           as
           ten
           in
           the
           hundred
           ;
           whereas
           if
           the
           rate
           of
           Vsurie
           were
           not
           higher
           here
           then
           in
           other
           Countries
           ,
           they
           had
           still
           subsisted
           and
           flourished
           ,
           and
           perhaps
           with
           as
           much
           aduantage
           to
           the
           publique
           ,
           as
           those
           that
           doe
           bring
           more
           to
           the
           priuate
           aduenturers
           .
        
         
           Yet
           are
           not
           those
           the
           greatest
           hinderances
           the
           high
           rate
           of
           money
           brings
           to
           trade
           ;
           our
           greatest
           disaduantage
           is
           ,
           that
           other
           Nations
           ,
           especially
           our
           industrious
           neighbours
           the
           
             Dutch
             ,
          
           are
           therein
           wiser
           then
           we
           :
           for
           with
           them
           ,
           and
           so
           in
           most
           Countries
           with
           whom
           we
           hold
           commerce
           ,
           there
           is
           not
           any
           vse
           for
           money
           tolerated
           ,
           aboue
           the
           rate
           of
           sixe
           in
           the
           hundred
           :
           Whereby
           it
           must
           of
           necessitie
           come
           to
           passe
           ,
           though
           they
           haue
           no
           other
           aduantages
           of
           industry
           and
           frugality
           that
           they
           must
           out-trade
           vs
           ;
           for
           if
           they
           make
           returne
           of
           tenne
           
             per
             centum
             ,
          
           they
           almost
           double
           the
           Vse
           allowed
           ,
           and
           so
           make
           a
           very
           gainefull
           trade
           .
           But
           with
           vs
           ,
           where
           ten
           in
           the
           hundred
           is
           so
           currant
           ,
           it
           is
           otherwise
           ;
           for
           if
           we
           make
           not
           aboue
           ten
           ,
           we
           are
           losers
           ,
           and
           consequently
           the
           same
           trade
           beeing
           with
           them
           and
           vs
           equally
           good
           for
           the
           publique
           ,
           is
           to
           the
           
           priuate
           aduenturers
           losse-full
           with
           vs
           ,
           with
           them
           very
           gainefull
           .
           And
           where
           the
           good
           of
           the
           publique
           and
           priuate
           mens
           goe
           not
           together
           ,
           the
           publique
           is
           seldome
           greatly
           aduanced
           .
        
         
           And
           as
           they
           out-trade
           ,
           so
           they
           may
           afford
           to
           vnder-sell
           vs
           in
           the
           fruits
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           which
           are
           equally
           naturall
           to
           our
           and
           their
           Lands
           ,
           as
           to
           our
           great
           shame
           wee
           see
           our
           neighbours
           the
           
             Dutch
          
           doe
           ,
           euen
           in
           our
           owne
           Countrey
           :
           for
           in
           most
           commodities
           the
           earth
           brings
           forth
           ,
           the
           stocke
           imployed
           in
           planting
           and
           managing
           of
           them
           ,
           makes
           a
           great
           (
           in
           many
           the
           greatest
           )
           part
           of
           their
           price
           ;
           and
           consequently
           ,
           their
           stocke
           with
           them
           being
           rated
           at
           sixe
           in
           the
           hundred
           ,
           they
           may
           with
           great
           gaine
           vnder-sell
           vs
           ,
           our
           stocke
           with
           vs
           being
           rated
           at
           ten
           .
        
         
           And
           as
           they
           may
           out-trade
           vs
           and
           vnder-sell
           vs
           ,
           so
           are
           all
           contributions
           to
           the
           Warre
           ,
           workes
           of
           Pietie
           ,
           and
           glory
           of
           the
           State
           ,
           cheaper
           to
           them
           then
           to
           vs
           :
           for
           the
           Vse
           for
           money
           going
           with
           vs
           neere
           double
           the
           rate
           it
           doth
           in
           other
           Countries
           ,
           the
           giuing
           the
           same
           sum
           must
           needs
           be
           double
           the
           charge
           to
           vs
           ,
           it
           is
           to
           them
           .
           Amongst
           other
           things
           which
           the
           King
           with
           so
           much
           wisdome
           deliuered
           to
           the
           House
           of
           Parliament
           ,
           he
           committed
           to
           their
           consideration
           the
           ballancing
           of
           Trade
           and
           Commerce
           ,
           wherein
           there
           is
           nothing
           of
           greater
           consequence
           ,
           then
           the
           rate
           of
           Vsury
           ,
           which
           holds
           no
           proportion
           with
           vs
           and
           other
           Nations
           ,
           to
           our
           disaduantage
           ,
           as
           by
           experience
           we
           see
           and
           feele
           .
        
         
         
           Neyther
           is
           the
           high
           rate
           of
           vsurie
           lesse
           hurtfull
           to
           Commerce
           within
           the
           land
           ,
           the
           gaine
           by
           Vsurie
           being
           so
           easie
           ,
           certaine
           ,
           and
           extreame
           great
           ,
           as
           they
           are
           not
           onely
           Marchants
           and
           Trades-men
           ,
           but
           Landed-men
           ,
           Farmers
           ,
           and
           men
           of
           profession
           that
           grow
           lazie
           in
           their
           professions
           ,
           and
           become
           Vsurers
           ;
           for
           the
           rate
           of
           Vsury
           is
           the
           measure
           by
           which
           all
           men
           trade
           ,
           purchase
           ,
           build
           ,
           plant
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           waies
           bargaine
           .
        
         
           It
           hath
           beene
           the
           wisedome
           and
           care
           of
           former
           Parliaments
           to
           prouide
           for
           the
           preseruation
           of
           Wood
           and
           Timber
           ;
           for
           which
           there
           is
           nothing
           more
           auaileable
           then
           the
           calling
           downe
           of
           the
           high
           rate
           of
           Vsury
           ;
           for
           as
           the
           rate
           of
           mony
           now
           goeth
           ,
           no
           man
           can
           let
           his
           timber
           stand
           ,
           nor
           his
           wood
           grow
           to
           such
           yeeres
           growth
           as
           is
           best
           for
           the
           Common-wealth
           ,
           but
           it
           will
           be
           very
           lost-full
           to
           him
           :
           The
           stocke
           of
           the
           woods
           after
           they
           are
           worth
           forty
           or
           fifty
           shillings
           the
           Acre
           ,
           growing
           faster
           at
           ten
           in
           the
           hundred
           then
           the
           woods
           themselues
           doe
           .
           And
           for
           shipping
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           strength
           and
           safety
           of
           this
           land
           ;
           I
           haue
           heard
           diuers
           Marchants
           of
           good
           credit
           say
           ,
           that
           if
           they
           would
           build
           a
           shippe
           ,
           and
           let
           it
           to
           any
           other
           to
           imploy
           ,
           they
           cannot
           make
           of
           their
           money
           that
           way
           ,
           counting
           all
           charges
           ,
           teare
           and
           weare
           ,
           aboue
           tenne
           or
           twelue
           in
           the
           hundred
           ,
           which
           can
           be
           no
           gainefull
           trade
           ,
           money
           it selfe
           going
           at
           ten
           in
           the
           hundred
           .
           But
           in
           the
           Low-Countries
           ,
           where
           money
           goeth
           at
           sixe
           ,
           the
           building
           of
           ships
           ,
           and
           hiring
           
           them
           to
           others
           in
           a
           gainefull
           Trade
           ;
           and
           so
           the
           stocke
           of
           rich
           men
           and
           the
           industry
           of
           beginners
           ,
           are
           well
           ioyned
           for
           the
           publike
           .
        
         
           And
           yet
           that
           which
           is
           aboue
           all
           the
           rest
           ,
           the
           greatest
           sinne
           against
           the
           Land
           is
           ,
           that
           it
           makes
           the
           Land
           it selfe
           of
           small
           value
           ,
           neerer
           the
           rate
           of
           new-found
           Lands
           ,
           than
           of
           any
           other
           Countrie
           ▪
           where
           Lawes
           ,
           gouernement
           ,
           and
           peace
           ,
           haue
           so
           long
           flourished
           ;
           For
           the
           high
           rate
           of
           Vsury
           makes
           Land
           sell
           so
           cheape
           ;
           and
           the
           cheape
           sale
           of
           Land
           is
           the
           cause
           men
           seeke
           no
           more
           by
           industry
           and
           cost
           to
           improue
           them
           :
           and
           this
           is
           plaine
           both
           by
           example
           ,
           and
           demonstration
           ;
           for
           we
           see
           in
           other
           Countries
           ,
           where
           the
           vse
           of
           money
           is
           of
           a
           low
           rate
           ,
           Lands
           are
           generally
           sold
           for
           30.
           40.
           in
           some
           for
           50.
           yeeres
           purchase
           :
           And
           wee
           know
           by
           the
           rule
           of
           bargaining
           ,
           that
           if
           the
           rate
           of
           Vse
           were
           not
           greater
           here
           ,
           then
           in
           other
           Countries
           ;
           Lands
           were
           then
           as
           good
           a
           penniworth
           ,
           at
           twenty
           yeeres
           purchase
           ,
           as
           they
           are
           now
           at
           sixeteene
           :
           For
           Lands
           being
           the
           best
           assurance
           and
           securest
           inheritance
           ,
           will
           still
           beare
           a
           rate
           aboue
           money
           :
           Now
           if
           Lands
           were
           at
           thirty
           yeeres
           purchase
           ,
           or
           neere
           it
           ,
           there
           were
           no
           so
           cheape
           purchase
           as
           the
           amendment
           of
           our
           owne
           Lands
           ;
           for
           it
           would
           be
           much
           cheaper
           to
           make
           one
           acre
           of
           Land
           ,
           now
           worth
           fiue
           shillings
           by
           the
           yeere
           ,
           to
           be
           worth
           ten
           shillings
           ,
           or
           being
           worth
           ten
           to
           be
           worth
           twenty
           shillings
           :
           and
           so
           in
           proportion
           ,
           then
           to
           purchase
           an
           other
           acre
           worth
           fiue
           or
           ten
           shillings
           .
           And
           in
           euery
           acre
           thus
           
           purchased
           to
           the
           owner
           ,
           by
           the
           amendment
           of
           his
           owne
           ,
           there
           were
           another
           purchased
           to
           the
           common-wealth
           .
           And
           it
           is
           the
           blessing
           of
           God
           to
           this
           Land
           ,
           that
           there
           are
           few
           places
           of
           it
           to
           which
           he
           hath
           not
           giuen
           meanes
           by
           reasonable
           cost
           and
           industry
           ,
           greatly
           to
           amend
           it
           ,
           in
           many
           to
           double
           the
           value
           ,
           so
           as
           in
           time
           ,
           if
           for
           their
           owne
           good
           ,
           mens
           industry
           were
           compelled
           that
           way
           ,
           the
           riches
           and
           commodities
           of
           this
           Land
           would
           neere
           be
           doubled
           :
           Then
           would
           all
           the
           wet
           lands
           in
           this
           Kingdome
           soone
           be
           drained
           ,
           the
           barren
           Lands
           mended
           by
           Marle
           ,
           Sleech
           ,
           Lime
           ,
           Chalke
           ,
           Sea-sand
           ,
           and
           other
           meanes
           ,
           which
           for
           their
           profit
           ,
           mens
           industry
           would
           finde
           out
           .
           We
           see
           with
           how
           great
           industry
           and
           charge
           our
           neighbours
           ,
           the
           
             Dutch
             ,
          
           doe
           draine
           and
           maintaine
           their
           Lands
           against
           the
           sea
           which
           floweth
           higher
           aboue
           them
           ,
           then
           it
           doth
           aboue
           the
           lowest
           parts
           of
           our
           drownd
           lands
           .
           I
           will
           admit
           a
           great
           deale
           to
           their
           industry
           ,
           but
           I
           should
           very
           vnwillingly
           grant
           ,
           that
           they
           are
           so
           much
           more
           ingenuous
           and
           industrious
           then
           wee
           ,
           as
           that
           all
           the
           oddes
           were
           therein
           :
           Certainely
           ,
           the
           maine
           cause
           of
           it
           is
           ,
           that
           with
           vs
           money
           is
           deere
           ,
           and
           land
           cheape
           ,
           with
           them
           lands
           deere
           ,
           and
           money
           cheape
           ;
           and
           consequently
           the
           improuement
           of
           their
           Lands
           at
           so
           great
           a
           charge
           with
           them
           ,
           is
           gainefull
           to
           the
           owners
           ,
           which
           with
           vs
           would
           be
           loss-full
           ;
           for
           Vsury
           going
           at
           ten
           in
           the
           hundred
           ,
           if
           a
           man
           borrow
           fiue
           pounds
           ,
           and
           bestow
           it
           on
           an
           Acre
           of
           ground
           ,
           the
           amendment
           stands
           him
           in
           ten
           
           shillings
           the
           yeere
           ;
           and
           being
           amended
           ,
           the
           land
           is
           not
           worth
           aboue
           fifteene
           yeeres
           purchase
           :
           But
           if
           the
           vse
           of
           money
           went
           at
           no
           more
           with
           vs
           ,
           then
           in
           other
           places
           ,
           then
           fiue
           pound
           bestowed
           vpon
           an
           Acre
           of
           ground
           ,
           would
           stand
           a
           man
           but
           in
           fiue
           or
           sixe
           shillings
           a
           yeere
           ,
           and
           the
           Acre
           of
           Land
           so
           amended
           ,
           would
           be
           worth
           ,
           as
           hath
           beene
           shewed
           ,
           sixe
           and
           twenty
           or
           thirty
           yeeres
           purchase
           .
           Whereby
           it
           appeareth
           that
           as
           the
           rate
           of
           Vse
           now
           goeth
           ,
           no
           man
           (
           but
           where
           the
           Land
           lieth
           extraordinarily
           happily
           for
           it
           )
           can
           amend
           his
           Land
           ,
           but
           to
           his
           own
           losse
           ;
           whereas
           if
           money
           were
           let
           as
           it
           is
           in
           other
           Countries
           ,
           he
           might
           bestow
           more
           then
           double
           so
           much
           as
           now
           hee
           may
           ,
           and
           yet
           be
           a
           great
           gainer
           thereby
           ;
           and
           consequently
           ,
           as
           was
           before
           remembred
           ,
           should
           to
           his
           owne
           benefit
           purchase
           Land
           to
           the
           common-wealth
           .
        
         
           Neither
           would
           such
           purchase
           of
           land
           to
           the
           common-wealth
           ,
           be
           the
           benefit
           to
           the
           landed
           men
           onely
           ,
           the
           benefit
           would
           be
           as
           much
           to
           the
           poore
           labourers
           of
           the
           land
           ;
           For
           now
           when
           Come
           and
           other
           fruits
           of
           the
           land
           which
           grow
           by
           labour
           ,
           are
           cheape
           ,
           the
           plowe
           and
           mattocke
           are
           cast
           into
           the
           hedge
           ,
           there
           is
           little
           worke
           for
           poore
           men
           ,
           and
           that
           at
           a
           low
           rate
           ,
           whereas
           if
           the
           mendment
           of
           their
           owne
           Lands
           were
           the
           cheapest
           purchase
           to
           the
           owner
           ;
           if
           there
           were
           many
           more
           people
           then
           there
           are
           ,
           they
           should
           readily
           set
           a
           worke
           ,
           at
           better
           rates
           then
           they
           now
           are
           ,
           and
           none
           that
           had
           
           their
           health
           and
           lims
           could
           be
           poore
           ,
           but
           by
           their
           extreamest
           lazinesse
           .
        
         
           And
           as
           the
           high
           rate
           of
           Vsury
           doth
           imbase
           Land
           ,
           so
           it
           is
           as
           great
           a
           hindrance
           to
           discoueries
           ,
           plantations
           ,
           and
           all
           good
           vnder-takings
           ,
           making
           it
           neere
           double
           as
           chargeable
           to
           the
           Aduenturers
           ,
           (
           mony
           being
           at
           ten
           in
           the
           hundred
           )
           as
           it
           is
           in
           other
           Countries
           ,
           where
           the
           Vse
           of
           money
           is
           so
           much
           lower
           .
        
         
           Now
           let
           vs
           see
           by
           the
           contrary
           ,
           and
           conceiue
           if
           Vsury
           were
           tolerated
           at
           fifteene
           or
           twenty
           in
           the
           hundred
           (
           and
           I
           feare
           many
           borrowers
           ,
           all
           things
           considered
           ,
           pay
           aboue
           ten
           )
           what
           the
           condition
           of
           things
           would
           then
           be
           ,
           and
           if
           it
           appeare
           how
           desperate
           the
           hurt
           would
           be
           which
           that
           would
           bring
           ;
           it
           may
           (
           at
           least
           vpon
           good
           reason
           )
           perswade
           vs
           how
           great
           the
           good
           would
           be
           of
           calling
           it
           downe
           .
           Certainely
           ,
           it
           must
           of
           necessity
           come
           to
           passe
           ,
           that
           all
           Trades
           would
           in
           a
           short
           time
           decay
           ;
           For
           few
           or
           none
           (
           and
           reckon
           the
           hazard
           at
           nothing
           ,
           yeelde
           so
           great
           againe
           ,
           as
           twenty
           in
           the
           hundred
           )
           &
           all
           other
           Nations
           might
           with
           so
           great
           gaine
           out-trade
           and
           vnder-sel
           vs
           that
           more
           then
           the
           earth
           would
           of
           her selfe
           bring
           forth
           ,
           we
           should
           scarce
           raise
           any
           thing
           from
           it
           ,
           euen
           for
           our
           owne
           vse
           within
           the
           Land
           ;
           and
           Land
           would
           be
           so
           much
           imbased
           ,
           as
           men
           might
           affoord
           ,
           without
           losse
           to
           themselues
           ,
           to
           carry
           the
           composte
           out
           of
           their
           closes
           ,
           vpon
           their
           next
           adioyning
           lands
           to
           mend
           them
           :
           so
           far
           should
           we
           be
           from
           marling
           ,
           liming
           ,
           draining
           ,
           planting
           ,
           &
           any
           
           other
           workes
           of
           cost
           or
           industry
           ,
           by
           which
           ,
           Lands
           are
           purchased
           to
           the
           Common-wealth
           .
           So
           farre
           from
           Building
           ,
           making
           of
           Hauens
           ,
           Discoueries
           ,
           new
           Plantations
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           actions
           of
           vertue
           and
           glory
           to
           the
           State
           ;
           for
           priuate
           gaine
           is
           the
           compasse
           men
           generally
           saile
           by
           :
           And
           since
           we
           cannot
           without
           extraordinary
           diligence
           Plant
           ,
           Build
           ,
           Draine
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           way
           amend
           our
           Lands
           but
           it
           will
           be
           deerer
           to
           vs
           ,
           then
           the
           purchase
           of
           others
           ,
           money
           being
           at
           ten
           in
           the
           hundred
           ;
           if
           mony
           then
           should
           goe
           at
           twenty
           in
           the
           100.
           the
           charge
           of
           mending
           our
           Land
           would
           be
           doubled
           ,
           and
           the
           Land
           abased
           to
           seuen
           or
           eight
           yeres
           purchase
           ;
           and
           consequently
           all
           workes
           of
           industry
           and
           charge
           ,
           for
           improuing
           of
           Lands
           would
           be
           quite
           neglected
           and
           giuen
           ouer
           :
           wee
           should
           onely
           care
           vpon
           one
           another
           with
           Vsury
           ,
           haue
           our
           commodities
           from
           other
           Nations
           ,
           let
           the
           Land
           grow
           barren
           and
           vnmanured
           ,
           and
           the
           whole
           State
           in
           short
           time
           ,
           come
           to
           beggery
           .
        
         
           Against
           this
           (
           perhaps
           )
           may
           be
           obiected
           ,
           that
           before
           the
           37.
           of
           H
           8.
           there
           was
           no
           limitation
           of
           Vsury
           ,
           and
           how
           did
           we
           then
           ?
           To
           this
           ,
           may
           bee
           answered
           ,
           that
           in
           those
           times
           there
           was
           a
           stricter
           band
           in
           that
           point
           vpon
           mens
           consciences
           ;
           So
           far
           forth
           as
           Vsurers
           were
           in
           the
           same
           case
           as
           excommunicate
           persons
           ,
           they
           could
           make
           no
           wills
           ,
           nor
           were
           allowed
           Christian
           buriall
           .
           Th●refore
           let
           vs
           for
           our
           forefathers
           sake
           ,
           hope
           ,
           that
           the
           rye
           vpon
           their
           consciences
           then
           ,
           was
           a
           greater
           restraint
           of
           
           Vsury
           then
           the
           Statute
           of
           ten
           in
           the
           hundred
           is
           now
           ;
           I
           fear
           fornication
           is
           too
           frequent
           among
           vs
           ,
           yet
           thanks
           bee
           to
           God
           not
           so
           much
           vsed
           as
           where
           there
           is
           allowance
           of
           Curtizans
           and
           Stewes
           .
        
         
           The
           obiections
           likely
           to
           bee
           made
           against
           the
           calling
           downe
           of
           money
           ,
           are
           first
           ,
           that
           generall
           obiection
           of
           ignorance
           against
           all
           changes
           ,
           bee
           they
           neuer
           so
           necessary
           and
           apparantly
           good
           ,
           that
           it
           hath
           beene
           so
           a
           long
           time
           ,
           and
           beene
           well
           enough
           ;
           what
           will
           become
           of
           the
           alteration
           ,
           wee
           cannot
           tell
           ,
           why
           then
           should
           wee
           make
           any
           change
           ?
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           that
           as
           in
           bodies
           naturall
           ,
           so
           in
           politicke
           ,
           great
           and
           suddaine
           changes
           are
           most
           commonly
           dangerous
           .
        
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           that
           money
           wil
           be
           suddenly
           called
           in
           ,
           and
           so
           all
           borrowers
           greatly
           preiudiced
           .
        
         
           Fourthly
           ,
           that
           money
           will
           bee
           harder
           to
           come
           by
           ,
           and
           thereby
           commerce
           greatly
           hindred
           .
        
         
           Lastly
           ,
           that
           much
           money
           of
           forreiners
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           high
           rate
           of
           Vsury
           ,
           is
           brought
           ouer
           here
           to
           bee
           managed
           at
           interest
           ,
           which
           would
           be
           carried
           away
           againe
           ,
           if
           the
           rate
           of
           Vsury
           should
           bee
           called
           downe
           .
        
         
           To
           the
           first
           ,
           that
           money
           hath
           long
           gone
           at
           ten
           ,
           and
           things
           bin
           well
           enough
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           answered
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           not
           long
           that
           the
           practise
           of
           Vsury
           hath
           beene
           so
           generally
           vsed
           ,
           without
           any
           sence
           or
           scruple
           of
           the
           vnlawfulnesse
           of
           it
           :
           for
           mens
           consciences
           were
           hardned
           to
           it
           ,
           with
           example
           
           and
           custome
           ,
           by
           degrees
           ,
           and
           not
           vpon
           the
           suddaine
           .
           And
           as
           the
           beginning
           of
           many
           dangerous
           diseases
           in
           healthfull
           bodies
           ,
           so
           the
           beginning
           of
           many
           incōueniences
           in
           a
           State
           ,
           are
           not
           presently
           felt
           .
           With
           vs
           ,
           after
           that
           with
           long
           ciuill
           warres
           the
           Land
           was
           halfe
           vnpeopled
           ,
           so
           as
           till
           of
           late
           yeeres
           ,
           it
           came
           not
           to
           his
           full
           stocke
           of
           people
           againe
           ,
           there
           being
           the
           same
           quantity
           of
           Land
           to
           halfe
           the
           number
           of
           people
           ,
           the
           surplusage
           of
           our
           in
           land
           commodities
           must
           needs
           be
           so
           great
           ,
           that
           though
           trade
           were
           not
           equally
           ballanced
           with
           Vs
           and
           other
           Nations
           ,
           we
           could
           not
           but
           grow
           rich
           :
           Beside
           ,
           
             France
          
           &
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           were
           for
           many
           yeeres
           halfe
           laid
           waste
           with
           warres
           ,
           and
           so
           did
           trade
           but
           little
           ,
           nor
           manage
           their
           owne
           Lands
           to
           their
           best
           aduantage
           ,
           whereby
           they
           did
           not
           onely
           not
           take
           the
           trade
           and
           market
           from
           vs
           ,
           which
           now
           they
           doe
           ,
           but
           they
           themselues
           were
           fed
           and
           cloathed
           by
           vs
           ,
           and
           tooke
           our
           commodities
           from
           vs
           at
           great
           high
           rates
           :
           Whereas
           now
           wee
           see
           the
           
             Dutch
          
           doe
           euery
           where
           out-trade
           vs
           ,
           &
           the
           
             French
          
           feede
           vs
           with
           their
           corne
           ,
           euen
           in
           plentifull
           yeeres
           ;
           So
           as
           now
           our
           Land
           being
           full
           stocked
           with
           people
           ,
           our
           neighbours
           industrious
           and
           subtle
           in
           trade
           ,
           if
           we
           do
           not
           more
           equally
           ballance
           trade
           and
           bring
           to
           passe
           ,
           that
           we
           may
           afford
           the
           fruits
           of
           our
           land
           as
           cheape
           as
           other
           Countries
           affoord
           the
           same
           of
           the
           same
           kinde
           ;
           we
           must
           (
           though
           we
           leaue
           a
           number
           of
           our
           superfluities
           )
           as
           (
           God
           forbid
           but
           wee
           should
           )
           in
           a
           short
           time
           grow
           poore
           and
           beggerly
           .
           
           And
           in
           this
           condition
           tenne
           in
           the
           hundred
           in
           a
           little
           more
           time
           will
           as
           well
           serue
           to
           doe
           it
           ,
           as
           if
           mony
           were
           at
           twenty
           :
           For
           (
           as
           was
           before
           remembred
           )
           in
           most
           of
           the
           commodities
           the
           earth
           bringeth
           forth
           ,
           the
           stocke
           imployed
           in
           planting
           and
           managing
           of
           them
           ,
           makes
           a
           great
           part
           of
           their
           price
           ,
           and
           consequently
           they
           make
           with
           great
           gaine
           to
           themselues
           ,
           vnder-sell
           vs
           ,
           our
           stocke
           with
           vs
           going
           at
           double
           the
           rate
           that
           theirs
           goes
           with
           them
           .
        
         
           And
           this
           wee
           see
           and
           feele
           too
           well
           by
           experience
           at
           this
           present
           ;
           for
           hauing
           a
           great
           surplisage
           of
           corne
           ,
           we
           can
           finde
           no
           vent
           for
           it
           ;
           the
           
             French
          
           with
           their
           owne
           ,
           the
           
             Dutch
          
           with
           the
           corne
           of
           
             Poland
             ,
          
           euery
           where
           supplying
           the
           markets
           at
           cheaper
           rates
           then
           wee
           can
           afford
           it
           :
           and
           euen
           our
           Cloathes
           which
           haue
           hitherto
           beene
           the
           golden
           Mine
           in
           
             England
             ,
          
           I
           haue
           heard
           many
           Marchants
           say
           ,
           that
           (
           except
           it
           be
           in
           some
           few
           of
           the
           finest
           sort
           of
           them
           ,
           which
           is
           a
           riches
           peculiar
           to
           this
           Nation
           )
           other
           Countries
           begin
           to
           make
           them
           of
           their
           owne
           wooll
           ,
           and
           by
           affording
           them
           cheaper
           then
           wee
           may
           ,
           so
           to
           take
           our
           markets
           from
           vs.
           
        
         
           And
           this
           I
           hope
           may
           in
           part
           serue
           for
           answere
           to
           the
           next
           obiection
           ;
           that
           all
           great
           and
           sudden
           changes
           are
           commonly
           dangerous
           ;
           for
           that
           rule
           holds
           true
           ,
           where
           the
           body
           naturall
           or
           politicke
           is
           in
           perfect
           state
           of
           health
           ,
           but
           where
           there
           is
           a
           declining
           
           (
           as
           I
           haue
           some
           cause
           to
           feare
           there
           is
           or
           may
           soone
           be
           with
           vs
           )
           there
           to
           make
           no
           alteration
           is
           a
           certaine
           way
           to
           ruine
           .
        
         
           To
           the
           third
           :
           That
           money
           will
           be
           suddenly
           ●alled
           in
           ,
           and
           so
           all
           borrowers
           greatly
           preiudiced
           ;
           for
           that
           there
           may
           be
           a
           clause
           in
           the
           end
           of
           the
           Statute
           whensoeuer
           it
           shall
           be
           made
           :
           That
           it
           shall
           be
           lawfull
           for
           all
           that
           haue
           lent
           money
           at
           ten
           in
           the
           hundred
           ,
           which
           is
           now
           forborne
           ,
           and
           owing
           ,
           to
           take
           for
           such
           money
           so
           lent
           and
           owing
           ,
           during
           two
           yeeres
           after
           this
           Session
           of
           Parliament
           ,
           such
           Vse
           as
           they
           might
           haue
           done
           if
           this
           Acte
           had
           not
           beene
           made
           :
           Whereby
           borrowers
           shall
           be
           in
           lesse
           danger
           of
           sudden
           calling
           in
           of
           their
           money
           then
           now
           they
           are
           ;
           for
           where
           the
           lenders
           vpon
           continuance
           of
           their
           olde
           securitie
           ,
           may
           take
           tenne
           in
           the
           hundred
           ;
           vpon
           new
           securitie
           they
           must
           be
           content
           with
           lesse
           ,
           so
           the
           calling
           in
           of
           their
           money
           will
           be
           to
           their
           owne
           preiudice
           .
        
         
           And
           if
           there
           be
           any
           borrower
           to
           whom
           this
           giueth
           not
           sufficient
           satisfaction
           ,
           if
           such
           borrower
           haue
           Lands
           of
           value
           to
           pay
           his
           debt
           ,
           the
           worst
           condition
           hee
           can
           feare
           ,
           is
           to
           haue
           at
           the
           least
           twenty
           yeeres
           purchase
           for
           his
           land
           ,
           wherewith
           to
           cleere
           his
           debts
           ;
           for
           as
           I
           said
           before
           ,
           land
           being
           the
           best
           securitie
           ,
           and
           securest
           inheritance
           ,
           will
           still
           beare
           a
           rate
           aboue
           money
           .
           And
           so
           there
           being
           no
           Vse
           allowed
           for
           money
           aboue
           the
           rate
           
           tolerated
           in
           other
           Countries
           ,
           Land
           will
           as
           readily
           sell
           at
           twenty
           yeeres
           purchase
           ,
           as
           it
           doth
           now
           at
           twelue
           .
           And
           I
           thinke
           there
           is
           no
           borrower
           that
           hath
           Land
           of
           valew
           to
           pay
           his
           debts
           ,
           doth
           doubt
           if
           he
           will
           now
           sell
           his
           Land
           at
           ten
           yeers
           purchase
           ,
           he
           might
           soone
           be
           out
           of
           debt
           .
        
         
           To
           the
           fourth
           Obiection
           ,
           that
           money
           will
           bee
           hard
           to
           be
           borrowed
           ,
           and
           so
           commerce
           hindred
           :
           I
           answer
           ,
           that
           it
           were
           true
           ,
           if
           the
           high
           rate
           of
           Vsurie
           did
           increase
           money
           within
           this
           Land
           ;
           but
           the
           high
           rate
           of
           Vsury
           doth
           inrich
           onely
           the
           Vsurer
           ,
           and
           impouerish
           the
           Kingdome
           ,
           as
           hath
           beene
           shewed
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           the
           plenty
           of
           money
           within
           the
           Land
           that
           maketh
           money
           easie
           to
           bee
           borrowed
           ,
           as
           wee
           see
           by
           the
           examples
           of
           other
           Countries
           ,
           where
           money
           is
           easier
           to
           bee
           borrowed
           then
           it
           is
           with
           vs
           ,
           and
           yet
           the
           rate
           tollerated
           ;
           for
           Vse
           is
           little
           more
           then
           halfe
           so
           much
           .
           It
           is
           the
           high
           rate
           of
           Vse
           that
           vndoeth
           so
           many
           of
           the
           Gentry
           of
           the
           Land
           ,
           which
           maketh
           the
           number
           of
           borrowers
           so
           great
           ,
           and
           the
           number
           of
           borrowers
           must
           of
           necessity
           make
           money
           the
           harder
           to
           bee
           borrowed
           ,
           whereas
           if
           Vse
           for
           money
           were
           at
           a
           lower
           rate
           ,
           Land
           as
           hath
           been
           shewed
           ,
           would
           be
           much
           quicker
           to
           bee
           sould
           ,
           and
           at
           deerer
           rates
           ,
           and
           so
           the
           Nobility
           and
           Gentry
           would
           soone
           be
           out
           of
           debt
           ,
           and
           consequently
           the
           fewer
           borrowers
           ,
           and
           so
           to
           Trades-men
           and
           Marchants
           money
           easie
           to
           bee
           had
           .
        
         
         
           Further
           ,
           let
           vs
           consider
           if
           money
           were
           called
           downe
           ,
           what
           Vsurers
           would
           do
           with
           their
           mony
           ;
           they
           would
           not
           I
           suppose
           long
           be
           sullen
           ,
           &
           keepe
           it
           a
           dead
           stocke
           by
           them
           ;
           for
           that
           were
           not
           so
           much
           as
           the
           safest
           way
           of
           keeping
           it
           :
           they
           must
           then
           eyther
           imploy
           it
           in
           trade
           ,
           purchase
           land
           ,
           or
           lend
           for
           Vse
           at
           such
           rate
           as
           the
           Law
           will
           tolerate
           ,
           if
           it
           quicken
           trade
           ,
           that
           is
           the
           thing
           to
           bee
           desired
           ;
           for
           that
           will
           inrich
           the
           Kingdome
           ,
           and
           so
           make
           money
           plentifull
           .
           And
           yet
           need
           not
           any
           borrower
           feare
           that
           money
           will
           so
           bee
           imployed
           in
           trade
           ,
           as
           that
           there
           will
           not
           be
           sufficient
           of
           money
           to
           purchase
           Land
           ,
           where
           the
           purchaser
           may
           haue
           as
           much
           ,
           or
           neere
           so
           much
           rent
           by
           the
           purchase
           of
           Land
           ,
           as
           he
           can
           by
           putting
           his
           money
           to
           Vse
           :
           For
           a
           great
           number
           of
           Gentlemen
           and
           other
           in
           the
           Countrie
           ,
           know
           not
           how
           to
           imploy
           any
           stocke
           in
           Trade
           ,
           but
           with
           great
           vncertainty
           ,
           and
           lesse
           satisfaction
           to
           themselues
           ,
           then
           the
           letting
           of
           their
           money
           at
           a
           lower
           rate
           ,
           or
           purchasing
           Land
           at
           twenty
           yeeres
           purchase
           or
           vpwards
           .
           No
           doubt
           for
           the
           present
           there
           would
           be
           great
           buying
           and
           selling
           of
           Land
           ,
           till
           men
           had
           cleered
           themselues
           ,
           and
           payed
           their
           debts
           :
           But
           in
           short
           time
           Land
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           shewed
           before
           ,
           would
           sell
           at
           so
           deere
           a
           rate
           ,
           as
           money
           let
           at
           a
           lower
           rate
           of
           Vse
           ,
           would
           bring
           in
           proportion
           as
           great
           a
           rate
           aboue
           the
           rent
           that
           would
           be
           made
           then
           by
           the
           purchase
           of
           Land
           ,
           as
           the
           rate
           of
           money
           now
           is
           
           aboue
           the
           rent
           of
           Land
           ,
           purchased
           at
           fourteene
           or
           fifteene
           yeeres
           purchase
           ,
           and
           so
           by
           consequence
           money
           would
           then
           as
           easily
           bee
           borrowed
           as
           it
           is
           now
           ,
           and
           so
           much
           easier
           ,
           as
           it
           would
           bee
           more
           plentifull
           ,
           and
           fewer
           borrowers
           .
        
         
           To
           the
           last
           and
           weakest
           of
           Obiections
           ;
           That
           there
           is
           now
           much
           money
           of
           Forreiners
           in
           the
           Land
           to
           be
           managed
           at
           tenne
           in
           the
           hundred
           ,
           which
           if
           money
           should
           be
           called
           downe
           ,
           would
           be
           carried
           out
           of
           the
           Land
           ;
           there
           is
           no
           doubt
           it
           is
           true
           :
           But
           I
           desire
           to
           know
           ,
           whether
           any
           man
           thinke
           it
           better
           for
           the
           State
           ,
           that
           they
           should
           now
           carry
           out
           one
           hundred
           pounds
           ,
           or
           seauen
           yeeres
           hence
           ,
           two
           ;
           or
           foureteene
           yeeres
           hence
           ,
           foure
           ▪
           or
           one
           and
           twenty
           yeeres
           hence
           eight
           :
           for
           so
           in
           effect
           vpon
           the
           multiplying
           of
           interest
           ,
           they
           doe
           .
        
         
           It
           will
           seeme
           incredible
           to
           such
           as
           haue
           not
           considered
           it
           ,
           but
           to
           any
           that
           will
           but
           cast
           it
           vp
           ,
           it
           is
           plainely
           manifest
           ;
           that
           a
           hundred
           pounds
           managed
           at
           ten
           in
           the
           hundred
           ,
           in
           seauenty
           yeeres
           multiplies
           it selfe
           to
           a
           hundred
           thousand
           pounds
           .
           So
           if
           there
           should
           bee
           an
           hundred
           thousand
           pounds
           of
           forreiners
           money
           now
           managed
           here
           at
           tenne
           in
           the
           hundred
           ,
           (
           and
           that
           doth
           seeme
           no
           great
           matter
           )
           that
           an
           hundred
           thousand
           pound
           in
           threescore
           and
           ten
           yeeres
           ,
           which
           is
           but
           the
           age
           of
           a
           man
           ,
           would
           carry
           out
           ten
           millions
           ,
           which
           I
           beleeue
           is
           more
           then
           all
           the
           coyne
           at
           this
           present
           
           in
           the
           Land.
           I
           know
           we
           cannot
           conceiue
           how
           any
           such
           summe
           should
           be
           managed
           at
           interest
           ,
           yet
           this
           is
           sufficient
           to
           make
           vs
           little
           to
           ioy
           in
           Forreiners
           money
           .
        
         
           Besides
           ,
           wee
           must
           not
           conceiue
           that
           the
           money
           of
           Forreiners
           ,
           which
           is
           here
           managed
           at
           Vsury
           ,
           is
           brought
           into
           the
           Land
           in
           readie
           coine
           or
           Bullion
           :
           the
           course
           is
           ,
           that
           Marchants
           send
           ouer
           Bils
           of
           exchange
           to
           their
           Factors
           ,
           for
           which
           they
           receiue
           our
           money
           here
           ;
           and
           this
           is
           the
           money
           they
           mannage
           at
           interest
           ,
           and
           so
           they
           eate
           vs
           out
           with
           our
           owne
           monies
           .
           The
           old
           comparison
           ,
           which
           compares
           Vsury
           to
           the
           Butlers
           Boxe
           ,
           deserues
           to
           be
           remembred
           ;
           Whilest
           men
           are
           at
           play
           ,
           they
           feele
           not
           what
           they
           giue
           to
           the
           Boxe
           ,
           but
           at
           the
           end
           of
           Christmas
           it
           makes
           all
           or
           neere
           all
           Gamesters
           loosers
           :
           and
           I
           feare
           the
           comparison
           holds
           thus
           much
           farther
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           as
           few
           escape
           ,
           that
           continue
           in
           Vsury
           ,
           as
           that
           continue
           Gamesters
           ,
           a
           man
           may
           play
           once
           or
           twice
           and
           leaue
           a
           winner
           ,
           but
           the
           Vse
           of
           it
           is
           seldome
           without
           ruine
           .
        
         
           Now
           because
           I
           know
           mens
           priuate
           interests
           doth
           many
           times
           blinde
           their
           iudgements
           ,
           and
           least
           any
           may
           be
           tempted
           for
           their
           owne
           ,
           against
           the
           publique
           good
           ,
           I
           will
           desire
           them
           to
           remember
           ,
           that
           if
           they
           haue
           Lands
           as
           well
           as
           money
           ,
           that
           what
           they
           loose
           in
           their
           
           money
           they
           shall
           get
           it
           in
           their
           Land
           ;
           for
           Land
           and
           money
           are
           euer
           in
           ballance
           one
           against
           the
           other
           ,
           and
           where
           money
           is
           deere
           ,
           Land
           is
           cheape
           ;
           and
           where
           money
           is
           cheape
           ,
           Land
           is
           deere
           .
        
         
           And
           if
           there
           be
           any
           yet
           so
           harty
           a
           well-wisher
           to
           tenne
           in
           the
           hundred
           ,
           as
           that
           hee
           still
           thinke
           it
           fit
           to
           be
           continued
           ,
           my
           wish
           is
           ;
           that
           hee
           and
           his
           posteritie
           may
           haue
           the
           priuiledge
           to
           borrow
           ,
           but
           not
           to
           lend
           at
           that
           rate
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           beginning
           of
           this
           Treatise
           ,
           I
           did
           disclaime
           the
           proofes
           of
           the
           vnlawfulnesse
           of
           Vsury
           ,
           leauing
           them
           to
           Diuines
           ,
           this
           one
           onely
           (
           rising
           from
           the
           premises
           )
           which
           may
           serue
           for
           all
           ,
           I
           thinke
           fit
           to
           set
           downe
           .
           It
           is
           agreed
           by
           all
           the
           Diuines
           that
           euer
           were
           ,
           without
           exception
           of
           any
           ,
           yea
           and
           by
           the
           Vsurers
           themselues
           ,
           that
           biting
           Vsury
           is
           vnlawfull
           :
           Now
           since
           it
           hath
           beene
           prooued
           that
           tenne
           in
           the
           hundred
           doth
           bite
           the
           Landed
           men
           ,
           doth
           bite
           the
           Poore
           ,
           doth
           bite
           Trade
           ,
           doth
           bite
           the
           King
           in
           his
           Customes
           ,
           doth
           bite
           the
           Fruites
           of
           the
           Land
           ,
           and
           most
           of
           all
           ,
           the
           Land
           it selfe
           ;
           doth
           bite
           all
           workes
           of
           Pietie
           ,
           of
           Vertue
           ,
           and
           glory
           to
           the
           State
           ;
           no
           man
           can
           deny
           but
           ten
           in
           the
           hundred
           is
           absolutely
           vnlawfull
           ,
           howsoeuer
           happily
           a
           lesser
           rate
           may
           be
           otherwise
           .
        
         
         
           To
           the
           King
           increase
           of
           his
           Customes
           .
        
         
           To
           the
           Kingdome
           increase
           of
           Land
           ,
           by
           inriching
           of
           this
           .
        
         
           To
           the
           Nobility
           and
           Gentry
           deliuerance
           from
           bondage
           and
           debt
           .
        
         
           To
           Marchants
           continuance
           and
           flourishing
           in
           their
           Trades
           .
        
         
           To
           yong
           beginners
           in
           Trade
           and
           Commerse
           ,
           the
           fruits
           of
           their
           owne
           labours
           .
        
         
           To
           Laborers
           quicke
           imployment
           .
        
         
           To
           Vsurers
           Land
           for
           their
           Money
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .