subject-interest-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 15 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 271,460 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 18,097 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 92. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

will, interest, one, money, per, may, first, years, land, cent, number, two, now, must, time, many, trade, much, rate, find, worth, shall, make, present, yet, three, example, line, table, great, amount, value, without, take, less, let, men, part, sum, way, us, rule, well, made, use, good, silver, every, second, square

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are Some considerations of the consequences of the lowering of interest, and raising the value of money in a letter to a member of Parliament., The doctrine of interest, both simple & compound explained in a more exact and satisfactory method then [sic] has hitherto been published : discovering the errors of the ordinary tables of rebate for annuities at simple interest, and containing tables for the interest and rebate of money for days, months, and years, both at simple and compound interest, also tables for the forbearance, discomps, and purchase of annulites : as likewise, equation of payments made practicable and useful for all merchants and others : together with divers other useful reflections / ... Sir S. Morland., and Interest mistaken, or, the Holy cheat proving from the undeniable practises and positions of the Presbyterians, that the design of that party is to enslave both king and people under the masque of religion : by way of observation upon a treatise, intitutled, The interest of England in the matter of religion, &c. / by Roger L''Estrange..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

per cent, present worth, compound interest, per annum, simple interest, english books, early english, years purchase, like denomination, four per, books online, one pound, six per, text creation, page images, creation partnership, decimal fraction, ready money, years end, whole numbers, one another, standard silver, ale gallons, right hand, five years, cubick inches, left hand, every one, two years, many times, will find, decimal fractions, present worths, two houses, tcp schema, represented either, image sets, characters represented, must needs, one foot, first figure, per quarter, decimal parts, equal parts, decimal number, given sum, will remain, low interest, will stand, will never

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are The necessity of abating usury re-asserted in a reply to the discourse of Mr. Thomas Manly entituled, Usury at six per cent. examined, &c. Together with a familiar and inoffensive way propounded for the future discovery of summes at interest, that so they may be charged with their equal share of publick taxes and burthens, the long defect whereof hath exceedingly fomented usury, embased land, and much decay''d the better half of the kingdom. By Sr. Thomas Culpeper, Jun. Knight. Socius mercatoris: or The merchant''s companion: in three parts. The first, being a plain and easie introduction to arithmetick, vulgur and decimal, the extraction of the square and cube roots, with a table of 200 square roots, and their use in the resolution of square equations. The second, a treatise of simple and compound interest and rebate, with two tables for the calculation of the value of leases or annuities, payable quarterly, the one for simple, the other compound interest, at 6 per cent. per annum, with rules for making the like for any other rate. The third, a new and exact way of measuring solids in the form of a prismoid and cylindroid, with the frustums of pyramids and of a cone: whereunto is added, some practical rules and examples for cask-gauging. By John Mayne, philo-accomptant., and Arithmetick vulgar, decimal, & algebraical. In a most plain and facile method for common capacities. Together with a treatise of simple and compound interest and rebate; with two tables for the calculation of the value of leases and annuities, payable quarterly; the one for simple, the other for compound interest, at 6. per cent. per annum; with rules for making the like for any other rate. To which is added a new, and most practical way of gauging of tunns. As also the art of cask-gauging, for the use of His Majesties Officers of the Excise..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

interest, tcp, trade, cent, table, number, land, money, sum, page, nation, law, inches, divisor, country, answer, annuity, years, war, vsury, value, usury, usurer, unit, triangle, tei, state, square, sir, silver, scale, rents, rate, question, prince, presbyterian, power, people, party, parliament, ounce, majesty, links, line, king, instrument, houses, government, figure, faction

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be money, and A short addition to the observations concerning trade and interest of money by the same hand. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

1. land - Interest mistaken, or, the Holy cheat proving from the undeniable practises and positions of the Presbyterians, that the design of that party is to enslave both king and people under the masque of religion : by way of observation upon a treatise, intitutled, The interest of England in the matter of religion, &c. / by Roger L''Estrange.
2. years - The doctrine of interest, both simple & compound explained in a more exact and satisfactory method then [sic] has hitherto been published : discovering the errors of the ordinary tables of rebate for annuities at simple interest, and containing tables for the interest and rebate of money for days, months, and years, both at simple and compound interest, also tables for the forbearance, discomps, and purchase of annulites : as likewise, equation of payments made practicable and useful for all merchants and others : together with divers other useful reflections / ... Sir S. Morland.
3. money - Some considerations of the consequences of the lowering of interest, and raising the value of money in a letter to a member of Parliament.

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

1. money, number, line - The country-survey-book: or Land-meters vade-mecum Wherein the principles and practical rules for surveying of land, are so plainly (though briefly) delivered, that any one of ordinary parts (understanding how to add, substract, multiply and divide,) may by the help of this small treatise alone and a few cheap instruments easy to be procured, measure a parcel of land, and with judgment and expedition plot it, and give up the content thereof. With an appendix, containing twelve problems touching compound interest and annuities; and a method to contract the work of fellowship and alligation alternate, very considerably in many cases. Illustrated with copper plates. By Adam Martindale, a friend to mathematical learning.
2. land, trade, king - Interest mistaken, or, the Holy cheat proving from the undeniable practises and positions of the Presbyterians, that the design of that party is to enslave both king and people under the masque of religion : by way of observation upon a treatise, intitutled, The interest of England in the matter of religion, &c. / by Roger L''Estrange.
3. years, 100, present - The doctrine of interest, both simple & compound explained in a more exact and satisfactory method then [sic] has hitherto been published : discovering the errors of the ordinary tables of rebate for annuities at simple interest, and containing tables for the interest and rebate of money for days, months, and years, both at simple and compound interest, also tables for the forbearance, discomps, and purchase of annulites : as likewise, equation of payments made practicable and useful for all merchants and others : together with divers other useful reflections / ... Sir S. Morland.
4. time, years, worth - The doctrine decimal arithmetick, simple interest, &c. as also of compound interest and annuities generally performed for any time of payment or rate of interest by help of a particular table of forbearance of 1l principal, with enlarged rules, formerly abridged for portability in a letter case / by John Collins ; and since his death, both made publick by J.D.
5. sheet, creditor, fail - The advantages which will manifestly accrue to this kingdom by abatement of interest from six to four per. cent

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

money, l., interest, years, time, rate, number, t, way, part, table, example, value, viz, times, s., men, year, question, per, parts, people, worth, things, page, thing, man, place, days, end, line, self, work, point, reason, proportion, land, hand, figure, nothing, lines, silver, b, months, denomination, p., text, numbers, length, side

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, are, have, being, were, was, find, do, make, take, been, let, made, had, given, set, having, found, say, divided, pay, give, said, according, see, did, has, suppose, think, makes, put, multiplied, done, come, know, taken, concerning, paid, known, am, stand, called, divide, brought, bring, does, multiply, carry, add

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

cent, land, c., interest, trade, 〉, sum, amount, law, number, king, england, ◊, tcp, square, t., line, rule, compound, 〈, d., annum, annuity, silver, l., divisor, r., hath, content, prop, mr., money, ●, answer, perpendicular, english, church, quotient, party, use, s., pound, simple, angle, usury, kingdom, m., god, base, men

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, i, their, they, his, you, he, our, them, we, your, my, him, its, us, me, themselves, himself, one, thee, her, thy, theirs, ours, yours, she, mine, whereof, l, ''s, 〈, ☜, ∷, ye, observ''d, ne, impair''d, hers, clog''d

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

other, same, first, many, more, such, great, present, much, good, whole, own, second, less, equal, greater, little, last, true, third, worth, due, common, like, least, former, several, new, plain, decimal, small, right, general, fourth, certain, most, next, late, necessary, yearly, ready, early, simple, few, better, forborn, high, clear, sure, publick

not, so, then, now, as, more, here, thus, very, only, well, out, therefore, up, much, yet, down, also, too, first, never, even, most, in, still, before, together, indeed, ever, again, always, rather, all, there, once, perhaps, off, just, at, over, is, already, else, away, less, thereof, no, easily, that, otherwise

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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