New-Englands rarities discovered in birds, beasts, fishes, serpents, and plants of that country : together with the physical and chyrurgical remedies wherewith the natives constantly use to cure their distempers, wounds, and sores : also a perfect description of an Indian squa ... with a poem not improperly conferr'd upon her : lastly, a chronological table of the most remarkable passages in that country amongst the English : illustrated with cuts / by John Josselyn, Gent. Josselyn, John, fl. 1630-1675. 1672 Approx. 111 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 63 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2004-03 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A46303 Wing J1093 ESTC R20038 12353958 ocm 12353958 60068 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A46303) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 60068) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 212:3) New-Englands rarities discovered in birds, beasts, fishes, serpents, and plants of that country : together with the physical and chyrurgical remedies wherewith the natives constantly use to cure their distempers, wounds, and sores : also a perfect description of an Indian squa ... with a poem not improperly conferr'd upon her : lastly, a chronological table of the most remarkable passages in that country amongst the English : illustrated with cuts / by John Josselyn, Gent. Josselyn, John, fl. 1630-1675. [6], 114, [2] p., 1 leaf of plates : ill. Printed for G. 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Zoology, Medical -- New England. 2003-09 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2003-09 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2003-10 Mona Logarbo Sampled and proofread 2003-10 Mona Logarbo Text and markup reviewed and edited 2003-12 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion New-Englands RARITIES Discovered : IN Birds , Beasts , Fishes , Serpents , and Plants of that Country . Together with The Physical and Chyrurgical REMEDIES wherewith the Natives constantly use to Cure their DISTEMPERS , WOUNDS , and SORES . ALSO A perfect Description of an Indian SQUA , in all her Bravery ; with a POEM not improperly conferr'd upon her . LASTLY A CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE of the most remarkable Passages in that Country amongst the ENGLISH . Illustrated with CUTS . By IOHN IOSSELYN , Gent. London , Printed for G. Widdowes at the Green Dragon in St. Pauls Church yard , 1672. To the highly obliging , His honoured Friend and Kinsman , SAMUEL FORTREY Esq SIR , IT was by your assistance ( enabling me ) that I commenc'd a Voyage into those remote parts of the World ( known to us by the painful Discovery of that memorable Gentleman Sir Fran. Drake . ) Your bounty then and formerly hath engaged a retribution of my Gratitude , and not knowing how to testifie the same unto you otherwayes , I have ( although with some reluctancy ) adventured to obtrude upon you these rude and indigested Eight Tears Observations , wherein whether I shall more shame my self or injure your accurate Iudgment and better Employment in the perusal , is a question . We read of Kings and Gods that kindly took A Pitcher fill'd with Water from the Brook. The Contemplation whereof ( well-knowing your noble and generous Disposition ) hath confirm'd in me the hope that you will pardon my presumption , and accept the tender of the fruits of my Travel after this homely manner , and my self as , Sir , Your highly obliged , & most humble Servant , John Josselyn . New-Englands RARITIES Discovered . IN the year of our Lord 1663. May 28. upon an Invitation from my only Brother , I departed from London , and arrived at Boston , the chief Town in the Massachusets , a Colony of Englishmen in New-England , the 2●… th of Iuly following . Boston ( whose longitude is 315 deg . and 42 deg . 30 min. of North Latitude ) is built on the South-west side of a Bay large enough for the Anchorage of 500 Sail of Ships , the Buildings are handsome , joyning one to the other as in London , with many large streets , most of them paved with pebble stone , in the high street towards the Common there are fair Buildings some of stone , and at the East End of the Town one amongst the rest , built by the Shore by Mr. Gibs a Merchant , being a stately Edifice , which it is thought will stand him in little less than 3000 l. before it be fully finished . The Town is not divided into Parishes , yet they have three fair Meeting ▪ houses or Churches , which hardly suffice to receive the Inhabitants and Strangers that come in from all parts . Having refreshed my self here for some time , and opportunely lighting upon a passage in a Bark belonging to a Friend of my Brothers , and bound to the Eastward , I put to sea again , and on the Fifteenth of August I arrived at Black-point , otherwise called Scarborow , the habitation of my beloved Brother , being about an hundred leagues to the Eastward of Boston ; here I resided eight years , and made it my business to discover all along the Natural , Physical , and Chyrurgical Rarities of this New-found World. New-England is said to begin at 40 and to end at 46 of Northerly Latitude , that is from de la Ware Bay to New-found-Land . The Sea Coasts are accounted wholsomest , the East and South Winds coming from Sea produceth warm weather , the Northwest coming over land causeth extremity of Cold , and many times strikes the Inhabitants both English and Indian with that sad Disease called there the Plague of the Back , but with us Em●…iema . The Country generally is Rocky and Mountanous , and extremely overgrown with wood , yet here and there beautified with large rich Valleys , wherein are Lakes ten , twenty , yea sixty miles in compass , out of which our great Rivers have their Beginnings . Fourscore miles ( upon a direct line ) to the Northwest of Scarborow , a Ridge of Mountains run Northwest and Northeast an hundred Leagues , known by the name of the White Mountains , upon which lieth Snow all the year , and is a Land-mark twenty miles off at Sea. It is rising ground from the Sea shore to these Hills , and they are inaccessible but by the Gullies which the dissolved Snow hath made ; in these Gullies grow Saven Bushes , which being taken hold of are a good help to the climbing Discoverer ; upon the top of the highest of these Mountains is a large Level or Plain of a days journey over , whereon nothing grows but Moss ; at the farther end of this Plain is another Hill called the Sugar-loaf , to outward appearance a rude heap of massie stones piled one upon another , and you may as you ascend step from one stone to another , as if you were going up a pair of stairs , but winding still about the Hill till you come to the top , which will require half a days time , and yet it is not above a Mile , where there is also a Level of about an Acre of ground , with a pond of clear water in the midst of it ; which you may hear run down , but how it ascends is a mystery . From this rocky Hill you may see the whole Country round about ; it is far above the lower Clouds , and from hence we beheld a Vapour ( like a great Pillar ) drawn up by the Sun Beams out of a great Lake or Pond into the Air , where it was formed into a Cloud . The Country beyond these Hills Northward is daunting terrible , being full of rocky Hills , as thick as Mole-hills in a Meadow , and cloathed with infinite thick Woods . New-England is by some affirmed to be an Island , bounded on the North with the River Canada ( so called from Monsieur Cane ) on the South with the River Mohegan or Hudsons River , so called because he was the first that discovered it . Some will have America to be an Island , which out of question must needs be , if there be a Northeast passage found out into the South Sea ; it contains 1152400000 Acres . The discovery of the Northwest passage ( which lies within the River of Canada ) was undertaken with the help of some Protestant Frenchmen , which left Canada and retired to Boston about the year 1669. The Northeast people of America , i. e. New-England , &c. are judged to be Tartars called Samoades , being alike in complexion , shape , habit and manners , ( see the Globe : ) Their Language is very significant , using but few words , every word having a diverse signification , which is exprest by their gesture ; as when they hold their head of one side the word signifieth one thing , holding their hand up when they pronounce it signifieth another thing . Their Speeches in their Assemblies are very gravely delivered , commonly in perfect Hexamiter Verse , with great silence and attention , and answered again ex tempore after the same manner . Having given you some short Notes concerning the Country in general , I shall now enter upon the proposed Discovery of the Natural , Physical , and Chyrurgical Rarities ; and that I may methodically deliver them unto you , I shall cast them into this form : 1. Birds . 2. Beasts . 3. Fishes . 4. Serpents and Insects . 5. Plants , of these 1. such Plants as are common with us , 2. of such Plants as are proper to the Country , 3. of such Plants as are proper to the Country and have no name known to us , 4. of such Plants as have sprung up since the English Planted and kept Cattle there , 5. of such Garden Herbs ( amongst us ) as do thrive there and of such as do not . 6. Of Stones , Minerals , Metals ▪ and Earths . First , Of Birds . The Humming Bird. THe Humming Bird , the least of all Birds , little bigger than a Dor , of variable glittering Colours , they feed upon Honey , which they suck out of Blossoms and Flowers with their long Needle-like Bills ; they sleep all Winter , and are not to be seen till the Spring , at which time they breed in little Nests made up like a bottom of soft Silk-like matter , their Eggs no bigger than a white Pease , they hatch three or four at a time , and are proper to this Country . The Troculus . The Troculus , a small Bird , black and white , no bigger than a Swallow , the points of whose Feathers are sharp , which they stick into the sides of the Chymney ( to rest themselves , their Legs being exceeding short ) where they breed in Nests made like a Swallows Nest , but of a glewy substance , and which is not fastened to the Chymney as a Swallows Nest , but hangs down the Chymney by a clew-like string a yard long . They commonly have four or five young ones , and when they go away , which is much about the time that Swallows use to depart , they never fail to throw down one of their young Birds into the room by way of Gratitude . I have more than once observed , that against the ruin of the Family these Birds will suddenly forsake the house and come no more . The Pilhannaw . The Pilhannaw or Mechquan , much like the description of the Indian Ruck , a monstrous great Bird , a kind of Hawk , some say an Eagle , four times as big as a Goshawk , white Mail'd , having two or three purple Feathers in her head as long as Geeses Feathers they make Pens of , the Quills of these Feathers are purple , as big as Swans Quills and transparent ; her Head is as big as a Child 's of a year old , a very Princely Bird ; when she soars abroad , all sort of feathered Creatures hide themselves , yet she never preys upon any of them , but upon Fawns and Iaccals : She Ayries in the Woods upon the high Hills of Ossapy , and is very rarely or seldome seen . The Turkie . The Turkie , who is blacker than ours ; I have heard several credible persons affirm , they have seen Turkie Cocks that have weighed forty , yea sixty pound ; but out of my personal experimental knowledge I can assure you , that I have eaten my share of a Turkie Cock , that when he was pull'd and garbidg'd , weighed thirty pound ; and I have also seen threescore broods of young Turkies on the side of a Marsh , sunning of themselves in a morning betimes , but this was thirty years since , the English and the Indian having now destroyed the breed , so that 't is very rare to meet with a wild Turkie in the Woods ; but some of the English bring up great store of the wild kind , which remain about their Houses as tame as ours in England . The Goose. The Goose , of which there are three kinds ; the Gray Goose , the White Goose , and the Brant : The Goose will live a long time ; I once found in a White Goose three Hearts , she was a very old one , and so tuff , that we gladly gave her over although exceeding well roasted . The Bloody-Flux Cured . A Friend of mine of good Quality living sometime in Virginia was sore troubled for a long time with the Bloody-Flux , having tryed several Remedies by the advice of his Friends without any good effect , at last was induced with a longing desire to drink the Fat Dripping of a Goose newly taken from the Fire , which absolutely cured him , who was in despair of ever recovering his health again . The Gripe and Vulture . The Gripe , which is of two kinds , the one with a white Head , the other with a black Head , this we take for the Vulture : They are both cowardly Kites , preying upon Fish cast up on the shore . In the year 1668. there was a great mortallity of Eels in Casco Bay , thither resorted at the same time an infinite number of Gripes , insomuch that being shot by the Inhabitants , they fed their Hogs with them for some weeks ; at other times you shall seldome see above two or three in a dozen miles travelling . The Quill Feathers in their Wings make excellent Text Pens , and the Feathers of their Tail are highly esteemed by the Indians for their Arrows , they will not sing in flying ; a Gripes Tail is worth a Beavers Skin up in the Country . A Remedy for the Coldness and pain of the Stomach . The Skin of a Gripe drest with the doun on , is good to wear upon the Stomach for the Pain and Coldness of it . The Osprey . The Osprey , which in this Country is white mail'd . A Remedy for the Tooth-ach . Their Beaks excell for the Tooth-ach , picking the Gums therewith till they bleed . The Wobble . The Wobble , an ill shaped Fowl , having no long Feathers in their Pinions , which is the reason they cannot fly , not much unlike the Pengwin ; they are in the Spring very fat , or rather oyly , but pull'd and garbidg'd , and laid to the Fire to roast , they yield not one ▪ drop . For Aches . Our way ( for they are very soveraign for Aches ) is to make Mummy of them , that is , to salt them well , and dry them in an earthen pot well glazed in an Oven ; or else ( which is the better way ) to bury them under ground for a day or two , then quarter them and stew them in a Tin Stew●…an with a very little water . The Looue . The Looue is a Water Fowl , alike in shape to the Wobble , and as virtual for Aches , which we order after the same manner . The Owl . The Owl , Avis devia , which are of three kinds ; the great Gray Owl with Ears , the little Gray Owl , and the White Owl which is no bigger than a Thrush . The Turkie Buzzard . The Turkie Buzzard , a kind of Kite , but as big as a Turkie , brown of colour , and very good meat . What Birds are not to be found in New-England . Now by what the Country hath not , you may ghess at what it hath ▪ it hath no Nightingals , nor Larks , nor Bulfinches , nor Sparrows , nor Blackbirds , nor Magpies , nor Iackdawes , nor Popinjays , nor Rooks , nor Pheasants , nor Woodcocks , nor Quails , nor Robins , nor Cuckoes , &c. Secondly , Of Beasts . The Bear , which are generally black . THe Bear , they live four months in Caves , that is all Winter ; in the Spring they bring forth their young ones , they seldome have above three Cubbs in a litter , are very fat in the Fall of the Leaf with feeding upon Acorns , at which time they are excellent Venison ; their Brains are venomous ; they feed much upon water Plantane in the Spring and Summer , and Berries , and also upon a shell-fish called a Horse-foot , and are never mankind , i. e. fierce , but in rutting time , and then they walk the Country twenty , thirty , forty in a company , making a hideous noise with ●…oaring , which you may hear a mile or ●…wo before they come so near to endanger ●…he Traveller . About four years since , ●…corns being very scarce up in the Coun●…ry , some numbers of them came down amongst the English Plantations , which generally are by the Sea side ; at one Town called Gorgiana in the Province of Meyn ( called also New-Sommerset-shire ) they kill'd fourscore . For Aches and Cold Swellings . Their Grease is very good for Aches and Cold Swellings , the Indians anoint themselves therewith from top to toe , which hardens them against the cold weather . A black Bears Skin heretofore was worth forty shillings , now you may have one for ten , much used by the English for Beds and Coverlets , and by the Indians for Coats . For pain and lameness upon Cold. One Edw. Andrews being foxt , and falling backward cross a Thought in a Shallop or Fisher-boat , and taking cold upon it , grew crooked , lame , and full of pain , was cured , lying one Winter upon Bears Skins newly flead off , with some upon him , so that he sweat every night . The Wolf. The Wolf , of which there are two kinds ; one with a round ball'd Foot , and are in shape like mungrel Mastiffs ; the other with a flat Foot , these are liker Greyhounds , and are called Deer Wolfs , because they are accustomed to prey upon Deer . A Wolf will eat a Wolf new dead , and so do Bears as I suppose , for their dead Carkases are never found , neither by the Indian nor English. They go a clicketing twelve days , and have as many Whelps at a Litter as a Bitch . The Indian Dog is a Creature begotten 'twixt a Wolf and a Fox , which the Indians lighting upon ▪ bring up to hunt the Deer with . The Wolf is very numerous , and go in companies , sometimes ten , twenty , more or fewer , and so cunning , that seldome any are kill'd with Guns or Traps ; but of late they have invented a way to destroy them , by binding four Maycril Hooks a cross with a brown thread , and then wrapping some Wool about them , they dip them in melted Tallow till it be as round and as big as an Egg ; these ( when any Beast hath been kill'd by the Wolves ) they scatter by the dead Carkase , after they have beaten off the Wolves ; about Midnight the Wolves are sure to return again to the place where they left the slaughtered Beast , and the first thing they venture upon will be these balls of fat . For old Aches . A black Wolfs Skin is worth a Beaver Skin among the Indians , being highly esteemed for helping old Aches in old people , worn as a Coat ; they are not mankind , as in Ireland and other Countries , but do much harm by destroying of our English Cattle . The Ounce . The Ounce or Wild Cat , is about the bigness of two lusty Ram Cats , preys upon Deer and our English Poultrey : I once found six whole Ducks in the belly of one I killed by a Pond side : Their Flesh roasted is as good as Lamb , and as white . For Aches and shrunk Sinews . Their Grease is soveraign for all manner of Aches and shrunk Sinews : Their Skins are accounted good Fur , but somewhat course . The Raccoon . The Raccoon liveth in hollow trees , and is about the size of a Gib Cat ; they feed upon Moss , and do infest our Indian Corn very much ; they will be exceeding fat in Autumn ; their flesh is somewhat dark , but good food roasted . For Bruises and Aches . Their Fat is excellent for Bruises and Aches . Their Skins are esteemed a good deep Fur , but yet as the Wild Cats somewhat coarse . The Porcupine . The Porcupine in some parts of the Countrey Eastward , towards the French , are as big as an ordinary Mungrel Cur ; a very angry Creature and dangerous , shooting a whole shower of Quills with a rowse at their enemies , which are of that nature , that wherever they stick in the flesh , they will work through in a short time if not prevented by pulling of them out . The Indians make use of their Quills , which are hardly a handful long , to adorn the edges of their birchen dishes , and weave ( dying some of them red , others yellow and blew ) curious bags or pouches , in works like Turkie-work . The Beaver , Canis Ponticus , Amphybious . The Beaver , whose old ones are as big as an Otter , or rather bigger , a Creature of a rare instinct , as may apparently be seen in their artificial Dam-heads to raise the water in the Ponds where they keep , and their houses having three stories , which would be too large to discourse : They have all of them four Cods hanging outwardly between their hinder legs , two of them are soft or oyly , and two solid or hard ▪ the Indians say they are Hermaphrodites . For Wind in the Stomach . Their solid Cods are much used in Physick : Our Englishwomen in this Country use the powder grated , as much as will lye upon a shilling in a draught of Fiol Wine , for Wind in the Stomach and Belly , and venture many times in such cases to give it to Women with Child : Their Tails are flat , and covered with Scales without hair , which being flead off , and the Tail boiled , proves exceeding good meat , being all Fat , and as sweet as Marrow . The Moose Deer . The Moose Deer , which is a very goodly Creature , some of them twelve foot high , with exceeding fair Horns with broad Palms , some of them two fathom from the tip of one Horn to the other ; they commonly have three Fawns at a time ; their flesh is not dry like Deers flesh , but moist and lushious somewhat like Horse flesh ( as they judge that have tasted of both ) but very wholsome . The flesh of their Fawns is an incomparable dish , beyond the flesh of an Asses Foal so highly esteemed by the Romans , or that of young Spaniel Puppies so much cried up in our days in France and England . Moose Horns better for Physick use than Harts Horns . Their Horns are far better ( in my opinion ) for Physick than the Horns of other Deer , as being of a stronger nature : As for their Claws , which both Englishmen and French make use of for Elk , I cannot approve so to be from the Effects , having had some trial of it ; besides , all that write of the Elk , describe him with a tuft of hair on the left Leg behind , a little above the pastern joynt on the outside of the Leg , not unlike the tuft ( as I conceive ) that groweth upon the Breast of a Turkie Cock , which I could never yet see upon the Leg of a Moose , and I have seen some number of them . For Children breeding Teeth . The Indian Webbes make use of the broad Teeth of the Fawns to hang about their Childrens Neck when they are breeding of their Teeth . The Tongue of a grown Moose , dried in the smoak after the Indian manner , is a dish for a Sagamor . The Maccarib . The Maccarib , Caribo , or Pohano , a kind of Deer , as big as a Stag , round hooved , smooth hair'd and soft as silk ; their Horns grow backwards a long their backs to their rumps , and turn again a handful beyond their Nose , having another Horn in the middle of their Forehead , about half a yard long , very straight , but wreathed like an Unicorns Horn , of a brown jettie colour , and very smooth : The Creature is no where to be found , but upon Cape Sable in the French Quarters , and there too very rarely , they being not humerous ; some few of their Skins and their streight Horns are ( but very sparingly ) brought to the English. The Fox . The Fox , which differeth not much from ours , but are somewhat less ; a black Fox Skin heretofore was wont to be valued at fifty and sixty pound , but now you may have them for twenty shillings ; indeed there is not any in New-England that are perfectly black , but silver hair'd , that is sprinkled with grey hairs . The Iaccal . The Iaccal , is a Creature that hunts the Lions prey , a shrew'd sign that there are Lions upon the Continent ; there are those that are yet living in the Countrey , that do constantly affirm , that about six or seven and thirty years since an Indian shot a young Lion , sleeping upon the body of an Oak blown up by the roots , with an Arrow , not far from Cape Anne , and sold the Skin to the English. But to say something of the Iaccal , they are ordinarily less than Foxes , of the colour of a gray Rabbet , and do not scent nothing near so strong as a Fox ; some of the Indians will eat of them : Their Grease is good for all that Fox Grease is good for , but weaker ; they are very numerous . The Hare . The Hare in New-England is no bigger than our English Rabbets , of the same colour , but withall having yellow and black strokes down the ribs ; in Winter they are milk white , and as the Spring approacheth they come to their colour ; when the Snow lies upon the ground they are very bitter with feeding upon the bark of Spruce , and the like . Thirdly , Of Fishes . PLiny and Isadore write there are not above 144 Kinds of Fishes , but to my knowledge there are nearer 300 : I suppose America was not known to Pliny and Isadore . A Catalogue of Fish , that is , of those that are to be seen between the English Coast and America , and those proper to the Countrey . Alderling . Alize , Alewife , because great bellied ; Olafle , Oldwife , Allow . Anchova or Sea Minnow . Aleport . Albicore . Barble . Barracha . Barracoutha , a Fish peculiar to the West-Indies . Barsticle . Basse. Sea Bishop , proper to the Norway Seas . River Bleak or Bley , a River Swallow . Sea Bleak or Bley , or Sea Camelion . Blew Fish or Hound Fish , two kinds , speckled Hound Fish , and blew Hound Fish called Horse Fish. Bonito or Dozado , or Spanish Dolphin . River Bream . Sea Bream . Cud Bream . Bullhead or Indian Muscle . River Bulls . Burfish . Burret . Cackarel or Laxe . Calemarie or Sea Clerk. Catfish . Carp. Chare , a Fish proper to the River Wimander in Lancashire . Sea Chough . Chub or Chevin . Cony Fish. Clam or Clamp . Sea Cob. Cockes , or Coccles , or Coquil . Cook Fish. Rock Cod. Sea Cod or Sea Whiting . Crab , divers kinds , as the Sea Crab , Boat-fish , River Crab , Sea Lion , &c. Sea Cucumber . Cunger or Sea Eel . Cunner or Sea Roach . Cur. Currier , Post , or Lacquey of the Sea. Crampfish or Torpedo . Cuttle , or Sleeves , or Sea Angler . Clupea , the Tunnies enemy . Sea Cornet . Cornuta or Horned Fish. Dace , Dare , or Dart. Sea Dart , Iavelins . Dogfish or Tubarone . Dolphin . Dorce . Dorrie , Goldfish . Golden-eye , Gilt ▪ pole , or Godline , Yellowheads . Sea Dragon or Sea Spider , Quaviner . Drum , a Fish frequent in the West Indies . Sea Emperour or Sword Fish. Eel , of which divers kinds . Sea Elephant , the Leather of this Fish will never rot , excellent for Thongs . Ears of the Sea. Flayl Fish. Flownder or Flook , the young ones are called Dabs . Sea Flownder or Flowre . Sea Fox . Frogfish . Frostfish . Frutola , a broad plain Fish with a Tail like a half Moon . Sea Flea . Gallyfish . Grandpiss or Herring Hog , this , as all Fish of extraordinary size , are accounted Regal Fishes . Grayling . Greedigut . Groundling . Gudgin . Gulf. Sea Grape . Gull. Gurnard . Hake . Haccle or Sti●…klebacks . Haddock . Horse Foot or Asses Hoof. Herring . H●…llibut or Sea Pheasant . Some will have the Turbut all one , others distinguish them , calling the young Fish of the first Buttis , and of the other Birt . There is no question to be made of it but that they are distinct kinds of Fish. Sea Hare . Sea Hawk . Hartfish . Sea Hermit . Henfish . Sea Hind . Hornbeak , Sea Ruff and Reeves . Sea Horseman . Hog or Flying Fish. Sea Kite or Flying Swallow . Lampret or Lamprel . Lampreys or Lamprones . Limpin . Ling , Sea Beef ; the smaller sort is called Cusk . Sea Lanthorn . Sea Liver . Lobster . Sea Lizard . Sea Locusts . Lump , Poddle , or Sea Owl . Lanter . Lux , peculiar to the River Rhyne . Sea Lights . Luna , a very small Fish , but exceeding beautiful , broad bodied and blewish of colour ; when it swims , the Fins make a Circle like the Moon . Maycril . Maid . Manatee . M●…la , a Fish like a lump of Flesh , taken in the Venetian Sea. Millers Thumb , Mulcet or Pollard . Molefish . Minnow , called likewise a Pink ; the same name is given to young Salmon ; it is called also a Witlin . Monkefish . Morse , River or Sea Horse , fresh water Mullet . Sea Mullet , Botargo or Petargo is made of their Spawn . Muscle , divers kinds . Navelfish . Nunfish . Needlefish . Sea Nettle . Oyster . Occulata . Perch or River Partridge . Pollack . Piper or Gavefish . Periwig . Periwincle or Sea Snail or Whelk . Pike , or Fresh-water Wolf , or River Wolf , Luce and Lucerne , which is an overgrown Pike ▪ Pilchard , when they are dried as Red Herrings they are called Fumadoes . Pilot Fish. Plaice or Sea Sparrow . Polipe or Pour-Contrel . Porpuise or Porpiss , Molebut , Sea Hog , Sus Marinus , Tursion . Priest Fish or Sea Priest. Prawn or Crangone . Punger . Patella . Powt , the Feathered Fish , or Fork Fish. River Powt . Pursefish or Indian Reversus , like an Eel , having a Skin on the hinder part of her Head , like a Purse , with strings , which will open and shut . Parratfish . Purplefish . Porgee . Remora , or Suck Stone , or Stop Ship. Sea Raven . Roch or Roach . Rochet or Rouget . Ruff or Pope . Sea Ram. Salmon . Sailfish . Scallope or Venus Coccle . Scate , or Ray , or Gristlefish ; of which divers kinds , as sharp snowted Ray , Rock Ray , &c. Shad. Shallow . Sharpling . Spurling . Sculpin . Sheepshead . Soles , or Tonguefish , or Sea Capon , or Sea Partridge . Seal , or Soil , or Zeal . Sea Calf , and ( as some will have it ) Molebut . Sheathfish . Sea Scales . Sturgeon , of the Roe of this Fish they make Caviar●… or Cavialtie . Shark or Bunch , several kinds . Smelt . Snaccot . Shrimp . Spyfish . Spitefish . Sprat . Spungefish . Squill . Squid . Sunfish . Starfish Swordfish . Tench . Thornback or Neptunes Beard . Thunnie , they cut the Fish in pieces like shingles and powder it , and this they call Melandria . Sea Toad . Tortoise , Torteise , Tortuga , Tortisse , Turcle or Turtle , of divers kinds . Trout . Turbut . Sea Tun. Sea Tree . Uraniscopus . Ulatife or Sawfish , having a Saw in his Forehead three foot long , and very sharp . Umber . Sea Urchin . Sea Unicorn or Sea Mononeros . Whale , many kinds . Whiting or Merling , the young ones are called Weerlings and M●…ps . Whore. Yardfish , Asses Prick or Shamefish . The Sturgeon . The Sturgeon , of whose Sounds is made I●…inglass , a kind of Glew much used in Physick : This Fish is here in great plenty , and in some Rivers so numerous , that it is hazardo●…s for Canoes and the like small Vessels to pass to and again , as in Pechipscut River to the Eastward . The Cod. The Cod , which is a staple Commodity in the Country . To stop Fluxes of Blood. In the Head of this Fish is found a Stone , or rather a Bone , which being pulveriz'd and drank in any convenient liquor , will stop Womens overflowing Courses notably : Likewise , For the Stone . There is a Stone found in their Bellies , in a Bladder against their Navel , which being pulveriz'd and drank in White-wine Posset or Ale , is present Remedy for the Stone . To heal a green Cut. About their Fins you may find a kind of Lowse , which healeth a green Cut in short time . To restore them that have melted their Grease . Their Livers and Sounds eaten , is a good Medicine for to restore them that have melted their Grease . The Dogfish . The Dogfish , a ravenous Fish. For the Toothach . Upon whose Back grows a Thorn two or three Inches long , that helps the Tooth-ach , scarifying the Gums therewith . Their Skins are good to cover Boxes and Instrument Cases . The Stingray . The Stingray , a large Fish , of a rough Skin , good to cover Boxes and Hafts of Knives , and Rapier sticks . The Tortous . The Turtle or Tortous , of which there are three kinds : 1. The Land Turtle ; they are found in dry sandy Banks , under old Houses , and never go into the water . For the Ptisick , Consumption , and Morbus Gallicus . They are good for the Ptisick and Consumptions , and some say the Morbus Gallicus . 2. The River Turtle , which are venomous and stink . 3. The Turtle that lives in Lakes and is called in Virginia a Terrapine . The Soile . The Soile or Sea Calf , a Creature that brings forth her young ones upon dry land , but at other times keeps in the Sea preying upon Fish. For Scalds and Burns , and for the Mother . The Oyl of it is much used by the ●…ndians , who eat of it with their Fish , ●…nd anoint their limbs therewith , and ●…heir Wounds and Sores : It is very good ●…or Scalds and Burns ; and the fume of it , ●…eing cast upon Coals , will bring Women ●…ut of the Mother Fits. The Hair upon ●…he young ones is white , and as soft as ●…ilk ; their Skins , with the Hair on , are good to make Gloves for the Winter . The Sperma Ceti Whale . The Sperma Ceti Whale differeth from ●…he Whales that yield us Whale-bones , ●…or the first hath great and long Teeth , the other is nothing but Bones with Tassels hanging from their Jaws , with which they suck in their prey . What Sperma Ceti is . It is not long since a Sperma Ceti Whale or two were cast upon the shore , not far from Boston in the Massachusets Bay , which being cut into small pieces and boiled in Cauldrons , yielded plenty of Oyl ; the Oyl put up into Hogsheads , and stow'd into Cellars for some time , Candies at the bottom , it may be one quarter ; then the Oyl is drawn off , and the Candied Stuff put up into convenient Vessels is sold for Sperma Ceti , and is right Sperma Ceti . For Bruises and Aches . The Oyl that was drawn off Candies again and again , if well ordered ; and is admirable for Bruises and Aches . What Ambergreece is . Now you must understand this Whale feeds upon Ambergreece , as is apparent , finding it in the Whales Maw in great quantity , but altered and excrementitious : I conceive that Ambergreece is no other than a kind of Mushroom growing at the bottom of some Seas ; I was once shewed ( by a Mariner ) a piece of Ambergreece having a root to it like that of the land Mushroom , which the Whale breaking up , some scape his devouring Paunch , and is afterwards cast upon shore . The Coccle . A kind of Coccle , of whose Shell the Indians make their Beads called Wompampe●…g and Mohaicks , the first are white ▪ the other blew , both Orient , and beautified with a purple Vein . The white ●…eads are very good to stanch Blood. The Scarlet Muscle . The Scarlet Muscle , at Paschatawey a ●…lantation about fifty leagues by Sea East●…ard from Boston , in a small Cove called ●…akers Cove there is found this kind of Muscle which hath a purple Vein , which ●…eing prickt with a Needle yieldeth a per●…ect purple or scarlet juice , dying Linnen 〈◊〉 that no washing will wear it out , but ●…eeps its lustre many years : We mark ●…ur Handkerchiefs and Shirts with it . Fish of greatest Esteem in the West-Indies . The Indians of Peru esteem of three ●…ishes more than any other , viz. the Sea ●…orteise , the Tubaron , and the Manate ●…r Sea Cow ; but in New-England the In●…ians have in greatest request , the Bass , ●…he Sturgeon , the Salmon , the Lamprey , the ●…el , the Frost-fish , the Lobster and the ●…lam . Fourthly , Of Serpents , and Insects . The Pond Frog . THe Pond Frog , which chirp in th●… Spring like Sparows , and croke lik●… Toads in Autumn : Some of these whe●… they set upon their breech are a Foot high the Indians will tell you , that up in th●… Country there are Pond Frogs as big as 〈◊〉 Child of a year old . For Burns , Scalds , and Inflammations . They are of a glistering brass colour , and very fat ▪ which is excellent for Burns and Scaldings , to take out the Fire , and hea●… them , leaving no Scar ; and is also very good to take away any Inflammation . The Rattle Snake . The Rattle Snake , who poysons with a Vapour that comes thorough two crooked Fangs in their Mouth ; the hollow of these Fangs are as black as Ink : The Indians , when weary with travelling , will ●…ake them up with their bare hands , laying ●…old with one hand behind their Head , with ●…he other taking hold of their Tail , and ●…ith their teeth tear off the Skin of their Backs , and feed upon them alive ; which ●…hey say refresheth them . For frozen Limbs , Aches , and Bruises . They have Leafs of Fat in their Bellies , which is excellent to annoint frozen Limbs , ●…nd for Aches and Bruises wondrous soveraign . Their Hearts swallowed fresh is a good Antidote against their Venome , and ●…heir Liver ( the Gall taken out ) bruised and applied to their Bitings is a present Remedy . Of Insects . A Bug. THere is a certain kind of Bug like a Beetle , but of a glistering brass colour , with four strong Tinsel Wings ; their Bodies are full of Corruption or white Matter like a Maggot ; being dead , and kept a while , they will stench odiously ; they beat the Humming Birds from the Flowers . The Wasp . The Wasps in this Countrey are pie●… black and white , breed in Hives made lik●… a great Pine Apple , their entrance is a●… the lower end , the whole Hive is of a●… Ash Colour , but of what matter its mad●… no man knows ; Wax it is not , neithe●… will it melt nor fry , but will take fire suddenly like Tinder : This they fasten to a Bow , or build it round about a low Bush , a Foot from the ground . The flying Gloworm . The flying Gloworm , flying in dark Summer Nights like sparks of Fire in great number ; they are common liewise in Palestina . Fifthly , Of Plants . AND 1. Of such Plants as are common with us in ENGLAND . HEdghog-grass . Mattweed . Cats-tail . Stichwort , commonly taken here by ignorant People for Eyebright ; it blows in Iune . Blew Flower-de-luce ; the roots are not knobby , but long and streight , and very white , with a multitude of strings . To provoke Vomit and for Bruises . It is excellent for to provoke Vomiting , and for Bruises on the Feet or Face . They Flower in Iune , and grow upon dry sandy Hills as well as in low wet Grounds . Yellow bastard Daffodill ; it flowereth in May , the green leaves are spotted with black spots . Dogstones , a kind of Satyrion , whereof there are several kinds groweth in our Salt Marshes . To procure Love. I once took notice of a wanton Womans compounding the solid Roots of this Plant with Wine , for an Amorous Cup ; which wrought the desired effect . Watercresses . Red Lillies grow all over the Country innumerably amongst the small Bushes , and flower in Iune . Wild Sorrel . Alders Tongue comes not up till Iune ; I have found it upon dry hilly grounds , in places where the water hath stood all Winter , in August , and did then make Oyntment of the Herb new gathered ; the fairest Leaves grow amongst short Hawthorn Bushes , that are plentifully growing in such hollow places . One Blade . Lilly Convallie , with the yellow Flowers ▪ grows upon rocky banks by the Sea. Water Plantane , here called Watersuck-leaves . For Burns and Scalds , and to draw Ater out of swell'd Legs . It is much used for Burns and Scalds , and to draw water out of swell'd Legs . Bears feed much upon this Plant , so do the Moose Deer . Sea Plantane , three kinds . Small-water Archer . Autumn Bell Flower . White Hellibore , which is the first Plant that springs up in this Country , and the first that withers ; it grows in deep black Mould and Wet , in such abundance , that you may in a small compass gather whole Cart-loads of it . Wounds and Aches Cured by the Indians . For the Tooth-ach . For Herpes milliares . The Indians Cure their Wounds with it , annointing the Wound first with Raccoons greese , or Wild-Cats greese , and strewing upon it the powder of the Roots ; and for Aches they scarifie the grieved part , and annoint it with one of the foresaid Oyls , then strew upon it the powder : The powder of the Root put into a hollow Tooth , is good for the Tooth-ach : The Root sliced thin and boyled in Vineager , is very good against Herpes Milliaris . Arsmart , both kinds . Spurge Time , it grows upon dry sandy Sea Banks , and is very like to Rupter-wort , it is full of Milk. Rupter-wort , with the white flower . Jagged Rose-penny-wort . Soda bariglia , or massacote , the Ashes of Soda , of which they make Glasses . Glass-wort , here called Berrelia , it grows abundantly in Salt Marshes . St. John ' s-Wort . St. Peter ' s ▪ Wort. Speed-well Chick-weed . Male fluellin , or Speed-well . Upright Peniroyal . Wild-Mint . Cat-Mint . Egrimony . The lesser Clot-Bur . Water Lilly , with yellow Flowers , the Indians Eat the Roots , which are long a boiling , they tast like the Liver of a Sheep , the Moose Deer feed much upon them , at which time the Indians kill them , when their heads are under water . Dragons , their leaves differ from all the kinds with us , they come up in Iune . Violets of three kinds , the White Violet which is sweet , but not so strong as our Blew Violets ; Blew Violets without sent , and a Reddish Violet without sent ; they do not blow till I●…ne . For swell'd Legs . Wood-bine , good for hot swellings of the Legs , fomenting with the decoction , and applying the Feces in the form of a Cataplasme . Salomons-Seal , of which there is three kinds ; the first common in England , the second , Virginia Salomons-Seal , and the third , differing from both , is called Treacle Berries , having the perfect ●…ast of Treacle when they are ripe ; and will keep good along while ; certainly a very wholsome Berry , and medicinable . Doves-Foot . Herb Robert. Knobby Cranes Bill . For Agues . Ravens-Claw , which flowers in May , and is admirable for Agues . Cinkfoil . Tormentile . Avens , with the leaf of Mounta●…e-Avens , the flower and root of English Avens . Strawberries . Wild Angelica , majoris and minoris . Alexanders , which grow upon Rocks by the Sea shore . Yarrow , with the white Flower . Columbines , of a flesh colour , growing upon Rocks . Oak of Hierusalem . Achariston is an excellent Medicine for stopping of the Lungs upon Cold , Ptisick &c. Oak of Cappadocia , both much of a nature , - but Oak of Hierusalem is stronger in operation ; excellent for stuffing of the Lungs upon Colds , shortness of Wind , and the Ptisick ; maladies that the Natives are often troubled with : I helped several of the Indians with a Drink made of two Gallons of Molosses wort , ( for in that part of the Country where I abode , we made our Beer of Molosses , Water , Bran , chips of Sassafras Root , and a little Wormwood , well boiled , ) into which I put of Oak of Hierusalem , Cat mint , Sowthistle , of each one handful , of Enula Campana Root one Ounce , Liquorice scrap'd brused and cut in peices , one Ounce , Sassafras Root cut into thin chips , one Ounce , Anny-seed and sweet Fennel-seed , of each one Spoonful bruised ; boil these in a close Pot , upon a soft Fire to the consumption of one Gallon , then take it off , and strein it gently ; you may if you will boil the streined liquor with Sugar to a Syrup , then when it is Cold , put it up into Glass Bottles , and take thereof three or four spoonfuls at a time , letting it run down your throat as leasurely as possibly you can ; do thus in the morning , in the Afternoon , and at Night going to bed . Goose-Grass , or Clivers . Fearn . Brakes . Wood sorrel , with the yellow flower . Elm. Line Tree , both kinds . A way to draw out Oyl of Akrons , or the like , &c. Maple ; of the Ashes of this Tree the Indians make a lye , with which they force out Oyl from Oak Akorns that is highly esteemed by the Indians . Dew-Grass . Earth-Nut , which are of divers kinds , one bearing very beautiful Flowers . Fuss-Balls , very large . Mushrooms , some long and no bigger than ones finger , others jagged flat , round , none like our great Mushrooms in England , of these some are of a Scarlet colour , others a deep Yellow , &c. Blew flowered Pimpernel . Noble Liver-wort , one sort with white flowers , the other with blew . Black-Berry . Dew-Berry . Rasp-Berry , here called Mul-berry . Goose-Berries , of a deep red Colour . H●… ho●…n , the Haws being as big as Services , and very good to eat , and not so astringent as the Haws in England . ●…oad flax . Pellamount , or Mountain time . Mouse - 〈◊〉 Minor. The making of Oyl of Akrons . To strengthe●… weak Members ▪ ●…or Scall'd-heads . There is Oak of three kinds , white , red and black , the white is excellent to make Canoes of , Shallopes , Ships , and other Vessels for the Sea , and for Claw-board , and Pipe-staves , the black is good to make Waynscot of ; and out of the white Oak Acorns , ( which is the Acorn Bears delight to ●…eed upon ) : The Natives draw an Oyl , taking the rottenest Maple Wood , which being burnt to ashes , they make a strong Lye therewith , wherein they boyl their white Oak-Acorns until the Oyl swim on the top in great quantity ; this they fleet off , and put into bladders to annoint their naked Limbs , which corrobarates them exceedingly ; they eat it likewise with their Meat , it is an excellent clear and sweet Oyl : Of the Moss that grows at the roots of the white Oak the Indesses make a strong decoction , with which they help their Papouses or young Childrens scall'd Heads . Iuniper , which Cardanus saith is Cedar in hot Countries , and Juniper in cold Countries ▪ it is hear very dwarfish and shrubby , growing for the most part by the Sea side . W●…llow . Spurge Lawrel , called here Poyson berry , it kills the English Cattle if they chance to feed upon it , especially Calves . Gaul , or noble Mirtle . Elder . Dwarf Elder . For a Cut with a Bruse . Alder ; An Indian Bruising and Cutting of his Knee with a fall , used no other remedy , than Alder Bark chewed fasting , and laid to it , which did soon heal it . To take Fire out of a Burn. The decoction is also excellent to take the Fire out of a Burn or Scalld . For Wounds and Cuts . For Wounds and Cuts make a strong decoction of Bark of Alder , pour of it into the Wound , and drink thereof . Hasel . For sore Mouths , falling of the Pallat. Filberd , both with hairy husks upon the Nuts , and setting hollow from the Nut , and fill'd with a kind of water of an astringent taste ; it is very good for sore Mouths , and falling of the Pallat , as is the whole green Nut before it comes to Kernel , burnt and pulverized . The Kernels are seldom without maggots in them . The Figure of the Walnut . Walnut ; the Nuts differ much from ours in Europe , they being smooth , much like a Nutmeg in shape , and not much bigger ; some three cornered , all of them but thinly replenished with Kernels . Chestnuts ; very sweet in taste , and may be ( as they usually are ) eaten raw ; the Indians sell them to the English for twelve Pence the bushel . Beech. Ash. Quick-beam , or Wild-Ash . Coals of Birch pulverized and wrought with the white of an Egg to a Salve , is a gallant Remedy for dry scurfy Sores upon the Shins ; and for Bruised Wounds and Cuts . Birch , white and black ; the bark of Birch is used by the Indians for bruised Wounds and Cuts , boyled very tender , and stampt betwixt two stones to a Plaister , and the decoction thereof poured into the Wound ; And also to fetch the Fire out of Burns and Scalds . Poplar , but differing in leaf . Plumb Tree , several kinds , bearing some long , round , white , yellow , red , and black Plums ; all differing in their Fruit from those in England . Wild Purcelan●… . Wood-wax , wherewith they dye many pretty Colours . Red and Black Currans . For the Gout , or any Ach. Spunck , an excrescence growing out of black Birch , the Indians use it for Touchwood ; and therewith they help the Sciatica , or Gout of the Hip , or any great Ach , burning the Patient with it in two or three places upon the Thigh , and upon certain Veins . 2. Of such Plants as are proper to the Country . Toripen any Impostume or Swelling . For sore Mouths . The New-Englands standing Dish . INdian Wheat , of which there is three sorts , yellow , red , and blew ; the blew is commonly Ripe before the other a Month : Five or Six Grains of Indian Wheat hath produced in one year 600. It is hotter than our Wheat and clammy ; excellent in Cataplasms to ripen any Swelling or impostume . The decoction of the blew Corn , is good to wash sore Mouths with : It is light of digestion , and the English make a kind of Loblolly of it , to eat with Milk , which they call Sampe ; they beat it in a Morter , and sift the flower out of it ; the remainer they call Homminey , which they put into a Pot of two or three Gallons , with Water , and boyl it upon a gentle Fire till it be like a Hasty Pudden ; they put of this into Milk , and so eat it . Their Bread also they make of the Homminey so boiled , and mix their Flower with it , cast it into a deep Bason in which they form the Loaf , and then turn it out upon the Peel , and presently put it into the Oven before it spreads abroad ; the Flower makes excellent Puddens . Bastard Calamus Aromaticus , agrees with the description , but is not barren ; they flower in Iuly , and grow in wet places , as about the brinks of Ponds . To keep the Feet warm . The English make use of the Leaves to to keep their Feet warm . There is a little Beast called a Muskquash , that liveth in small Houses in the Ponds , like Mole Hills , that feed upon these Plants ; their Cods sent as sweet and as strong as Musk , and will last along time handsomly wrap'd up in Cotton wool ; they are very good to lay amongst Cloaths . May is the best time to kill them , for then their Cods sent strongest Wild-L●…kes , which the Indians use much to eat with their fish . A Plant like Knavers-Mustard , called New-England Mustard . Mountain-Lillies , bearing many yellow Flowers , turning up their Leaves like the Martigon , or Turks Cap , spotted with small spots as deep as Safforn ; they Flower in Iuly . One Berry , or Herb True Love. See the Figure . Tobacco , there is not much of it Planted in New-England ; the Indians make use of a small kind with short round leaves called Pooke . For Burns and Scalds . With a strong decoction of Tobacco they Cure Burns and Scalds , boiling it in Water from a Quart to a Pint , then wash the Sore therewith , and strew on the powder of dryed ▪ Tobacco . Hollow Leaved Lavender , is a Plant that grows in salt Marshes overgrown with Moss , with one straight stalk about the bigness of an Oat straw , better than a Cubit high ; upon the top-standeth one fantastical Flower , the Leaves grow close from the root , in shape like a Tankard , hollow , tough , and alwayes full of Water , the Root is made up of many small strings , growing only in the Moss , and not in the Earth , the whole Plant comes to its perfection in August , and then it has Leaves , Stalks , and Flowers as red as blood , excepting the Flower which hath some yellow admixt . I wonder where the knowledge of this Plant hath slept all this while , i. e. above Forty Years . For all manner of Fluxes . It is excellent for all manner of Fluxes . Live for ever , a kind of Cad weed . Tree Primerose , taken by the Ignorant for Scabious . A Solar Plant , as some will have it . Maiden Hair , or Cappellus veneris verus , which ordinarily is half a Yard in height . The Apothecaries for shame now will substitute Wall-R●…e no more for Maiden Hair , since it grows in abundance in New-England , from whence they may have good store . Pirola , Two kinds . See the Figures , both of them excellent Wound Herbs . Homer's Moll●…y . Lysimachus , or Loose Strife , it grows in dry grounds in the open Sun four foot high , Flowers from the middle of the Plant to the top , the Flowers purple , standing upon a small sheath or cod , which when it is ripe breaks and puts forth a white silken doun , the stalk is red , and as big as ones Finger . Marygold of Peru , of which there are two kinds , one bearing black seeds , the other black and white streak'd , this beareth the fairest flowers , commonly but one upon the very top of the stalk . Treacle-Berries . See before Salomons Seal . Oak of Hierusalem . See before . Oak of Cappadocea . See before . Earth-Nuts , differing much from those in England , one sort of them bears a most beautiful Flower . For the Scurvy and Dropsie . Sea-Tears , they grow upon the Sea banks in abundance , they are good for the Scurvy and Dropsie , boiled and eaten as a Sallade , and the broth drunk with it . Indian Beans , better for Physick use than other Beans . Indian Beans , falsly called French beans , are better for Physick and Chyrurgery than our Garden Beans . Probatum est : Squashes , but more truly Squonte●… squashes , a kind of Mellon , or rather Gourd , for they oftentimes degenerate into Gourds ; some of these are green , some yellow , some longish like a Gourd , others round like an Apple , all of them pleasant food boyled and buttered , and season'd with Spice ; but the yellow Squash called an Apple Squash , because like an Apple , and about the bigness of a Pome-water , is the best kind ; they are much eaten by the Indians and the English , yet they breed the small white Worms ( which Physitians call Ascarides , ) in the long ●…ut that vex the Fundament with a perpetual itching , and a desire to go to stool . Water-Mellon , it is a large Fruit , but nothing near so big as a Pompion , colour , smoother , and of a sad Grass green rounder , or more rightly Sap-green ; with some yellowness admixt when ripe ; the seeds are black , the flesh or pulpe exceeding juicy . For heat and thirst in Feavers . It is often given to those sick of Feavers , and other hot Diseases with good success . New-England Daysie , or Primrose , is the second kind of Navel Wort in Iohnson upon Gerard ; it flowers in May , and grows amongst Moss upon hilly Grounds and Rocks that are shady . For Burns and Scalds . It is very good for Burns and Scalds . An Achariston , or Medicine deserving thanks . An Indian whose Thumb was swell'd , and very much inflamed , and full of pain , increasing and creeping along to the wrist , with little black spots under the Thumb against the Nail ; I Cured it with this Umbellicus veneris Root and all , the Yolk of an Egg , and Wheat flower , f. Cataplasme . Briony of Peru , ( we call it though it grown hear ) or rather Scamnony ; some take it for Mech●…acan : The green Juice is absolutely Poyson ; yet the Root when dry may safely be given to strong Bodies . Red and Black Currence . See before . Wild Damask Roses , single , but very large and sweet , but stiptick . Sweet ●…ern , the Roots run one within another like a Net , being very long and spreading abroad under the upper crust of the Earth , sweet in taste , but withal astringent , much hunted after by our Swine : The Scotch-men that are in New-England have told me that it grows in Scotland . For Fluxes . The People boyl the tender tops in Molosses Beer , and in Possets for Fluxes , for which it is excellent . Sarsaparilia , a Plant not yet sufficiently known by the English : Some say it is a kind of Bind Weed ; we have in New-England two Plants , that go under the name of Sarsaparilia ; the one not above a foot in height without Thorns , the other having the same Leaf , but is a shrub as high as a Goose Berry Bush , and full of sharp Thorns ; this I esteem as the right , by the shape and savour of the Roots , but rather by the effects answerable to that we have from other parts of the World ; It groweth upon dry Sandy banks by the Sea side , and upon the banks of Rivers , so far as the Salt water flowes ; and within Land up in the Country , as some have reported . Bill Berries , two kinds , Black and Sky Coloured , which is more frequent . To cool the heat of Feavers , and quench Thirst. They are very good to allay the burning heat of Feavers , and hot Agues , either in Syrup or Conserve . A most excellent Summer Dish . They usually eat of them put into a Bason , with Milk , and sweetned a little more with Sugar and Spice , or for cold Stomachs , in Sack. The Indians dry them in the Sun , and sell them to the English by the Bushell , who make use of them instead of Currence , putting of them into Puddens , both boyled and baked , and into Water Gr●…el . Knot Berry , or Clowde Berry , seldom ripe . Sumach , differing from all that ▪ I did ever see in the Herbalists ; our English Cattle devour it most abominably , leaving neither Leaf nor Branch , yet it sprou●…s again next Spring . For Colds . The English use to boyl it in Beer , and drink it for Colds ; and so do the Indians , from whom the English had the Medicine . Wild Cherry , they grow in clusters like Grapes , of the same bigness , blackish , red when ripe , and of a harsh taste . For Fluxes . They are also good for Fluxes . Transplanted and manured , they grow exceeding fair . Board Pine , is a very large Tree two or three Fadom about . For Wounds . It yields a very soveraign Turpentine for the Curing of desperate Wounds . For Stabbs . The Indians make use of the Moss boiled in Spring Water , for Stabbs , pouring in the Liquor , and applying the boiled Moss well stamp'd or beaten betwixt two stones . For Burning and Scalding . And for Burning and Scalding , they first take out the fire with a strong decoction of Alder Bark , then they lay upon it a Playster of the Bark of Board Pine first boyled tender , and beat to a Playster betwixt two stones . To take Fire out of a Burn. One Christopher Luxe , a Fisher-man ▪ having burnt his Knee Pan , was healed again by an Indian Webb , or Wife , ( for so they call those Women that have Husbands ; ) She first made a strong decoction of Alder bark , with which she took out the Fire by Imbrocation , or letting of it drop upon the Sore , which would smoak notably with it ; then she Playstered it with the Bark of Board Pine , or Hemlock Tree , boyled soft and stampt betwixt two stones , till is was as thin as brown Paper , and of the same Colour , she annointed the Playster with Soyles Oyl , and the Sore likewise , then she laid it on warm , and sometimes she made use of the bark of the Larch Tree . To eat out proud Flesh in a Sore . And to eat out the proud Flesh , they take a kind of Earth Nut boyled and stamped , and last of all , they apply t●… the Sore the Roots of Water Lillies boiled and stamped betwixt two stones , to a Playster . For Stitches . The Firr Tree , or Pitch Tree , the Tar that is made of all sorts of Pitch Wood is an excellent thing to take away those desperate Stitches of the Sides , which perpetually afflicteth those poor People that are stricken with the Plague of the Back . Note , You must make a large Toast , or Cake slit and dip it in the Tar , and bind it warm to the Side . The most common Diseases in New England . The Black Pox , the Spotted Feaver , the Griping of the Guts , the Dropsie , and the Sciatica , are the killing Deseases in New-England . The Larch Tree , which is the only Tree of all the Pines , that sheds his Leaves before Winter ; The other remaining Green all the Year : This is the Tree from which we gather that useful purging excrense Agarick . For Wounds and Cuts . The Leaves and Gum are both very good to heal Wounds and Cuts . For Wounds with Bruises . I Cured once a desperate Bruise with a Cut upon the Knee Pan , with an Ungent made with the Leaves of the Larch Tree , and Hogs Grease , but the Gum is best . Spruce is a goodly Tree , of which they make Masts for Ships , and Sail Yards : It is generally conceived by those that have skill in Building of Ships , that here is absolutely the best Trees in the World , many of them being three Fathom about , and of great length . An Achariston for the Scurvy . The tops of Green Spruce Boughs boiled in Bear , and drunk , is assuredly one of the best Remedies for the Scurvy , restoring the Infected party in a short time ; they also make a Lotion of some of the decoction , adding Hony and Allum . Hemlock Tree , a kind of Spruce , the bark of this Tree serves to dye Tawny ; the Fishers Tan their Sails and Nets with it . To break Sore or Swelling . The Indians break and heal their Swellings and Sores with it , boyling the inner Bark of young Hemlock very well , then knocking of it betwixt two stones to a Playster , and annointing or soaking it in Soyls Oyl , they apply it to the Sore : it will break a Sore Swelling speedily . One Berry , Herba Paris , or True Love. Sassafras , or Ague Tr●…e . For heat in Feavers . The Chips of the Root boyled in Beer is excellent to allay the hot rage of Feavers , being drunk . For Bruises and dry Blowes . The Leaves of the same Tree are very good made into an Oyntment , for Bruises and dry Blows . The Bark of the Root we use instead of Cinamon ; and it is ●…old at the Barbadoes for two Shillings the Pound . And why may not this be the Bark the Jesuits Powder was made of , that was so Famous not long since in England , for Agues ? Cran Berry , or Bear Berry , because Bears use much to feed upon them , is a small trayling Plant that grows in Salt Marshes that are over-grown with Moss ; the tender Branches ( which are reddish ) run out in great length , lying flat on the ground , where at distances , they take Root , over-spreading sometimes half a score Acres , sometimes in small patches of about a Rood or the like ; the Leaves are like Box , but greener , thick and glisteri●…g ▪ the Blossoms are very like the Flowers o●… our English Night Shade , after which succeed the Berries , hanging by long small foot stalks , no bigger than a hair ; at first they are of a pale yellow Colour , afterwards red , and as big as a Cherry ; some perfectly round , others Oval , all of them hollow , of a sower astringent taste ; they are ripe in August and September . For the Scurvy . They are excellent against the Scurvy . For the heat in Feavers . They are also good to allay the fervour of hot Diseases . The Indians and English use them much , boyling them with Sugar for Sauce to eat with their Meat ; and it is a delicate Sauce , especially for roasted Mutton : Some make Tarts with them as with Goose Berries . Vine , much differing in the Fruit , all of them very fleshy , some reasonably pleasant ; others have a taste of Gun Powder , and these grow in Swamps , and low wet Grounds . 3. Of such Plants as are proper to the Country , and have no Name . ( 1. ) PIrola , or Winter Green , that kind which grows with us in England is common in New-England , but there is another plant which I judge to be a kind of Pirola , and proper to this Country , a very beautiful Plant ▪ The shape of the Leaf and the just bigness of it you may see in the Figure . The Leaf of the Plant judged to be a kind of Pirola . The Ground whereof is a Sap Green , embroydered ( as it were ) with many pale yellow Ribs , the whole Plant in shape is like Semper vivum , but far less , being not above a handful high , with one slender stalk , adorned with small pale yellow Flowers like the other Pirola . It groweth not every where , but in some certain small spots overgrown with Moss , close by swamps and shady ; they are green both Summer and Winter . For wounds . They are excellent Wound Herbs , but this I judge to be the better by far . Probatum est . a type of plant 2. This Plant was brought to me by a neighbour , who ( wandering in the Woods to find out his strayed Cattle , ) lost himself for two Dayes , being as he ghessed eight or ten Miles from the Sea-side . The Root was pretty thick and black , having a number of small black strings growing from ●…t , the stalks of the Lea●…●…bout a handful long , the Leaves were round and as big as a Silver five Shilling piece , of a s●…p or dark green Colour , with a line or 〈◊〉 as black as Jeat round the Circumference , from whence came black lines or ribs at equal distance , all of them meeting in a black spot in the Center . If I had staid longer in the Country , I should have purposely made a Journey into those Parts where it was gathered , to discover if possible , the Stalk and Flower ; but now I shall refer it to those that are younger , and better able to undergo the pains and trouble of finding it out ; for I 〈◊〉 by the Natives , that it is not common , that is , every where to be found , no more th●…n the embroydered Pirola , which al●… i●…●… most elegant Plant , and which ●…●…id endeavour to bring over , but it 〈◊〉 a●… 〈◊〉 . For 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 all ●…eal , O. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉 another 〈◊〉 ●…rb 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ours , but rather beyond it : Some of ou●… English practitioners take it for Vervene and use it for the same , wherein they are grosly mistaken . The Leaf is like a Nettle Leaf , but narrower and longer ; the stalk about the bigness of a Nettle stalk , Champhered and hollow , and of a dusky red Colour ; the Flowers are blew , small , and many , growing in spoky tufts at the top , and are not hooded , but having only four round Leaves , after which followeth an infinite of small longish light brown Seed ; the Roots are knotty and matted together with an infinite number of small white strings ; the whole Plant is commonly two Cubits high , bitter in taste , with a Rosenie savour . ( 3. ) This Plant is one of the first that springs up after White Hellibore , in the like wet and black grounds , commonly by Hellibore , with a sheath or Hood like Dragons , but the pestle is of another shape , that is , having a round Purple Ball on the top of it , beset ( as it were ) with Burs ; the hood shoots forth immediately from the Root , before any Leaf appears , having a Green Hollow Leav'd Lavender . Page 54. sprig growing fast by it , like the smaller Horse Tayl , about the latter end of April the Hood and Sprig wither away , and there comes forth in the room a Bud , like the Bud of the Walnut Tree , but bigger ; the top of it is of a pale Green Colour , covered with brown skins like an Onion , white underneath the Leaves , which spread in time out of the Bud , grow from the root with a stalk a Foot long , and are as big as the great Bur Dock Leaves , and of the colour ; the Roots are many , and of the bigness of the steel of a Tobacco Pipe , and very white ; the whole Plant sents as strong as a Fox ; it continues till August . A Branch of the Humming-Bird Tree . ( 4. ) This Plant the Humming Bird feedeth upon , it groweth likewise in wet grounds , and is not at its full growth till Iuly , and then it is two Cubits high and better , the Leaves are thin , and of a pale green Colour , some of them as big as a Nettle Leaf , it spreads into many Branches , knotty at the setting on , and of a purple Colour , and garnished on the top with many hollow dangling Flowers of a bright yellow Colour , speckled with a deeper yellow as it were shadowed , the Stalkes are as hollow as a Kix , and so are the Roots , which are transparent , very tender , and and full of a yellowish juice . For Bruises and Aches upon stroaks . The Indians make use of 〈◊〉 for Aches , being bruised between two stones , and laid tocold but made ( after the English manner ) into an unguent with Hog●… Grease , there is not a more soveraign remedy for bruises of what kind soever ; and for Aches upon Stroaks . In August , 1670 ▪ in a Swamp amongst Alders , I found a sort of Tree Sow Thistle , the Stalks of some two or three Inches , about , as hollow as a Kix and very brittle , the Leaves were smooth , and in shape like Souchus laevis , i. e. Hares Lettice , but longer , some about a Foot , these grow at a distance one from another , almost to the top , where it begins to put forth Flowers between the Leaves and the Stalk , the top of the stalk runs out into a spike , beset about with Flowers like Sow Thistle , of a blew or azure colour : I brought home one of the Plants which was between twelve and thirteen Foot in length , I wondered at it the more for that so large and tall a Plant should grow from so small a Root , consisting of slender white strings little bigger than Bents , and not many of them , and none above a Finger long , spreading under the upper crust of the Earth ; the whole Plant is full of Milk , and of a strong savour . ( 5. ) This Plant I found in a gloomy dry Wood under an Oak , 1670. the 18th of August , afterwards I found it in open Champain grounds , but yet somewhat scarce : The Root is about the bigness of a French Walnut , the Bark thereof is The Plant when it springs up first . brown , and rugged , within of a yellowish Colour , from whence ariseth a slender stalk , no bigger than an Oat straw , about two Cubits in height , somewhat better then a handful above the Root shooteth out one Leaf of a Grass Green colour , and an Inch or two above that , another Leaf , and so four or five at a greater distance one from another , till they come within a handful of the top , where upon slender foot stalks grow the Flowers four or five , more or fewer , clustering together in pale long green husks milk white , consisting of ten small Leaves , snipt a little on the edges The Figure of the Plant when it is at full growth . with purple hair threads in the midst ; the whole Plant is of a brakish tast : When it is at its full growth the stalks are as red as Blood. ( 6. ) This Plant Flowers in August , and grows in wet Ground ; it is about three or four foot in height , having a square slender stalk chamfered , hollow and tuff , the Leaves grow at certain distances one against another , of the colour of Egrimony Leaves sharpe pointed , broadest in the midst about an Inch and half , and three or four Inches in length , snipt about the edges like a Nettle Leaf , at the top of the Stalk for four or five Inches thick , set with pale green husks , out of which the Flowers grow , consisting of one Leaf , shaped like the head of a Serpent , opening at the top like a mouth , and hollow throughout , containing four crooked pointels , and on the top of every pointel a small glistering green button , covered with a little white woolly matter , by which they are with the pointels fastened close together and shore up the tip of the upper chap , the crooked pointels are very stiff and hard , from the bottom of the husks , wherein the Flower stands , from the top of the Seed Vessel , shoots out a white thread which runs in at the bottom of the Flower , and so out at the mouth : the whole Flower is milk white , the inside of the chaps reddish , the Root I did not observe . a type of plant ( 7. ) This Plant I take for a varigated Herb Paris , True Love or One Berry , or rather One Flower , which is milk white , and made up with four Leaves , with many black threads in the middle , upon every thread grows a Berry ( when the Leaves of of the Flower are fallen ) as big as a white pease , of a light red colour when they are ripe , and clustering together in a round form as big as a Pullets Egg , which at distance shews but as one Berry , very pleasant in taste , and not unwholsome ; the Root , Leaf , and Flower differ not from our English kind , and their time of blooming and ripening agree , and therefore doubtless a kind of Herba Paris . The small Sun Flower , or Marygold of America . ( 8. ) This Plant is taken by our Simplists to be a kind of Golden Rod , by others for Sarazens Consound , I judge it to be a kind of small Sun Flower , or Marygold of the West Indies ; the Root is brown and slender , a foot and half in length , running a slope under the upper face of the Earth , with some strings here and there , the stalk as big as the steal of a Tobacco pipe , full of pith , commonly brownish , sometimes purple , three or four foot high , the Leaves grow at a distance one against another , rough , hard , green above , and gray underneath , slightly snipt and the ribs appear most on the back side of the Leaf , the Flower is of a bright yellow , with little yellow cups in the midst , as in the Mary gold of Peru , with black threads in them with yellow pointels , the Flower spreads it self abroad out of a cup made up of many green beards , not unlike a Thistle ; Within a handful of the top of the stalk ( when the Flower is fallen , growes an excrense or knob as big as a Walnut , which being broken yieldeth a kind of Turpentine or rather Rosen . What Cutchenele is . The stalk beneath and above the knob , covered with a multitude of small Bugs , about the bigness of a great flea , which I presume will make good Cutchenele , ordered as they should be before they come to have Wings : They make a perfect Scarlet Colour to Paint with , and durable . 4. Of such Plants as have sprung up since the English Planted and kept Cattle in New-England . COuch Grass . Shepherds Purse . Dandelion . Groundsel . Sow Thistle . Wild Arrach . Night Shade , with the white Flower . Nettlesstinging , which was the first Plant taken notice of . Mallowes . Plantain , which the Indians call English-Mans Foot , as though produced by their treading . Black Henbane . Wormwood . Sharp pointed Dock . Patience . Bloodwort . And I suspect Adders Tongue . Knot Grass . Cheek weed . Compherie , with the white Flower . May weed , excellent for the Mother ; some of our English Houswives call it Iron Wort , and make a good Unguent for old Sores . The great C●…ot Bur. Mullin , with the white Flower . Q. What became of the influence of those Planets that produce and govern these Planets before this time ! I have now done with such Plants as grow wild in the Country in great plenty , ( although I have not mentioned all ) I shall now in the Fifth place give you to understand what English Herbs we have growing in our Gardens that prosper there as well as in their proper Soil , and of such as do not , and also of such as will not grow there at all . 5. Of such Garden Herbs ( amongst us ) as do thrive there , and of such as do not . CAbbidge growes there exceeding well . Lettice . Sorrel . Parsley . Marygold . French Mallowes Chervel . Burnet . Winter Savory . Summer Savory . Time. Sage . Carrats . Parsnips of a prodigious size . Red Beetes . Radishes . Turnips . Purslain . Wheat . Rye . Barley , which commonly degenerates into Oats . Oats . Pease of all sorts , and the best in the World ; I never heard of , nor did see in eight Years time , one Worm eaten Pea. Garden Beans . Naked Oats , there called Silpee , an excellent grain used insteed of Oat Meal , they dry it in an Oven , or in a Pan upon the fire , then beat it small in a Morter . Another standing Dish in New-England . And when the Milk is ready to boil , they put into a pottle of Milk about ten or twelve spoonfuls of this Meal , so boil it leasurely , stirring of it every foot , least it burn too ; when it is almost boiled enough , they hang the Kettle up higher , and let it stew only , in short ●…ime it will thicken like a Custard ; they season it with a little Sugar and Spice , and so serve it to the Table in deep Basons , and it is altogether as good as a White-pot . For People weakned with long Sickness . It exceedingly nourisheth and strengthens people weakned with long Sickness . Sometimes they make Water Gruel with it , and sometimes thicken their Flesh Broth either with this or Homminey , if it be for Servants . Spear Mint . Rew , will hardly grow . Fetherfew prospereth exceedingly . Southern Wood , is no Plant for this Country . Nor , Rosemary . Nor Bayes . White Satten groweth pretty well , so doth Lavender Cotton . But Lavender is not for the climate . Penny Royal. Smalledge . Ground ●…vy , or Ale Hoof. Gilly Flowers will continue two Years . Fennel must be taken up , and kept in a warm Cellar all Winter . Housleek prospereth notably . Holly hocks . Enula C ▪ panae , in two Years time the Roots rot . Comferie , with white Flowers . Coriander , and Dill. and Annis thrive exceedingly , but Annis Seed , as also the Seed of Fennel seldom come to maturity ; the Seed of Annis is commonly eaten with a fly . Clary never lasts but one Summer , the Roots rot with the Frost . Sparagus thrives exceedingly , so does Garden Sorrel , and Sweet Bryer , or Eglantine . Bloodwort but sorrily , but Patience , and English Roses , very pleasantly . Celandine , by the West Country men called Kenning Wort , grows but slowly . Muschata , as well as in England . Dittander , or Pepper Wort , flourisheth notably , and so doth . Tansie . Musk Mellons are better then our English , and. Cucumbers . Pompions , there be of several kinds , some proper to the Country , ●…y are dryer then our English Pompions , and better tasted ; you may eat them green . The ancient New-England standing Dish . But the Houswives manner is to slice them when ripe , and cut them into dice , and so fill a pot with them of two or three Gallons , and stew them upon a gentle fire a whole day , and as they sink , they fill again with fresh Pompions , not putting any liquor to them ; and when it is stew'd enough , it will look like bak'd Apples ; this they Dish , putting Butter to it , and a little Vinegar , ( with some Spice , as Ginger , &c. ) which makes it tart like an Apple , and so serve it up to be eaten with Fish or Flesh : It provokes Urin extreamly and is very windy . Sixthly and lastly , Of Stones , Minerals , Metals and Earths . AS first , the Emrald which grows in flat Rocks , and is very good . Rubies , which here are very watry . I have heard a story of an Indian , that found a stone , up in the Country , by a great Pond as big as an Egg , that in a dark Night would give a light to read by ; but I take it to be but a story . Diamond , which are very brittle , and therefore of little worth . Crystal , called by our West Country Men the Kenning Stone ; by Sebegug Pond is found in considerable quantity , not far from thence is a Rock of Crystal called the Moose Rock , because in shape like a Moose , and Muscovy Glass , both white and purple of reasonable content . Black Lead . Bole Armoniack . Red and Yellow Oker . Terra Sigilla . Vitriol . Antimony . Arsnick , too much . Lead . Tin. Tin Glass . Silver . Iron , in abundance , and as good bog Iron as any in the World. Copper . It is reported that the French have a Copper Mine at Port Royal , that yieldeth them twelve Ounces of pure Copper out of a Pound of Oar. I shall conclude this Section with a strange Cure effected upon a Drummers Wife , much afflicted with a Wolf in her Breast ; the poor Woman lived with her Husband at a Town called by the Indians , Casco , but by the English , Famouth ; where for some time she swaged the Pain of her Sore , by bathing it with strong Malt Beer , which it would suck in greedily , as if some living Creature : When she could come by no more Beer , ( for it was brought from Boston , along the Coasts by Merchants , ) she made use of Rhum , a strong Water drawn from Sugar Canes , with which it was lull'd a sleep ; at last , ( to be rid of it altogether ) she put a quantity of Arsnick to the Rhum , and bathing of it as formerly , she utterly destroyed it , and Cured her self ; but her kind Husband , who sucked out the Poyson as the Sore was healing , lost all his Teeth , but without further danger or inconvenience . An ADDITION of some RARITIES overslipt . THe Star Fish , having fine points like a Star , the whole Fish no bigger then the Palm of a Mans hand , of a tough substance like leather , and about an Inch in thickness , whitish underneath , and of the Colour of a Cucumber above , and somewhat ruff : When it is warm in ones hand , you may perceive a stiff motion , turning down one point , and thrusting up another : It is taken to be poysonous ; they are very common , and found thrown up on the Rocks by the Sea side . Sea Bream , which are plentifully taken upon the Sea Coasts , their Eyes are accounted rare Meat , whereupon the proverbial comparison , It is worth a Sea Breams Eye . Blew Fish , or Horse , I did never see any of them in England ; they are as big usually as the Salmon , and better Meat by far : It is common in New-England and esteemed the best sort of Fish next to Rock Cod. Cat Fish , having a round Head , and great glaring Eyes like a Cat : They lye for the most part in holes of Rocks , and are discovered by their Eyes : It is an excelling Fish. Munk Fish , a flat Fish like scate , having a hood like a Fryers Cowl . Clam , or Clamp , a kind of Shell Fish , a white Muscle . An Acharistor , For Pin and Web. ] Sheath Fish , which are there very plentiful , a delicate Fish , as good as a Pr●…wa , covered with a thin Shell like the sheath of a Knife , and of the colour of a Muscle . Which shell Calcin'd and Pulveriz'd , is excellent to take off a Pin and Web , or any kind of Filme growing over the Eye . Morse , or Sea Horse , having a great Head , wide Jaws , armed with Tushes as white as Ivory , of body as big as a Cow , proportioned like a Hog , of brownish bay , smooth skin'd and impenetrable ▪ they are frequent at the Isle of Sables , their Teeth are worth eight Groats the Pound ; the best Ivory being Sold but for half the Money . For Poyson . It is very good against Poyson . For the Cramp . As also for the Cramp , made into Rings . For the Piles . And a secret for the Piles , if a wise Man have the ordering of it . The Manaty , a Fish as big as a Wine pipe , most excellent Meat ; bred in the Rivers of Hispaniola in the West Indies ; it hath Teats , and nourisheth its young ones with Milk ; it is of a green Colour , and tasteth like Veal . For the Stone Collick . There is a Stone taken out of the Head that is rare for the Stone and Collect. To provoke Urine . Their Bones beat to a Powder and drank with convenient Liquors , is a gallant Urin provoking Medicine . For Wound and Bruise . An Indian , whose Knee was bruised with a fall , and the Skin and Flesh strip'd down to the middle of the Calf of his Leg ; Cured himself with Water Lilly Roots boyled and stamped . For Swellings of the Foot. An Indian Webb , her Foot being very much swell'd and inflamed , asswaged the swelling , and took away the inflamation with our Garden or English Patience , the Roots roasted . f. Cataplas . Anno 1670. Iune 28. To dissolve a Scirrhous Tumour . An Indian dissolv'd a Scirrhous Tumour in the Arm and Hip , with a fomentation of Tobacco , applying afterwards the Herb stamp'd betwixt two stones . A DESCRIPTION OF AN INDIAN SQUA . NOw ( gentle Reader ) having trespassed upon your patience a long while in the perusing of these rude Observations , I shall , to make you amends , present you by way of Divertisement , or Recreation , with a Coppy of Verses made sometime since upon the Picture of a young and handsome Gypsie , not improperly transferred upon the Indian SQUA , or Female Indian , trick'd up in all her bravery . The Men are somewhat Horse Fac'd , and generally Faucious , i. e. without Beards ; but the Women many of them have very good Features ; seldome without a Come to me , or Cos Amoris , in their Countenance ; all of them black Eyed , having even short Teeth , and very white ; their Hair black , thick and long , broad Breasted ; handsome streight Bodies , and slender , considering their constant loose habit : Their limbs cleanly , straight , and of a convenient stature , generally , as plump as Partridges , and saving here and there one , of a modest deportment . Their Garments are a pair of Sleeves of Deer , or Moose skin drest , and drawn with lines of several Colours into Asiatick Works , with Buskins of the same , a short Mantle of Trading Cloath , either Blew or Red , fastened with a knot under the Chin , and girt about the middle with a Zone , wrought with white and blew Beads into pretty Works ; of these Beads they have Bracelets for their Neck and Arms , and Links to hang in their Ears , and a fair Table curiously made up with Beads likewise , to wear before their Breast ; their Hair they Combe backward , and tye it up short with a Border , about two handfulls broad , wrought in Works as the other with their Beads : But enough of this . The POEM . WHether White or Black be best Call your Senses to the quest ; And your touch shall quickly tell The Black in softness doth excel , And in smoothness ; but the Ear , What , can that a Colour hear ? No , but 't is your Black ones Wit That doth catch , and captive it . And if Slut and Fair be one , Sweet and Fair , there can be none : Nor can ought so please the tast As what 's brown and lovely drest : And who'll say , that that is best To please ones Sense , displease the rest ? Maugre then all that can be sed In flattery of White and Red : Those flatterers themselves must say That darkness was before the Day : And such perfection here appears It neither Wind nor Sun-shine fears . A Chronological TABLE Of the most remarkable passages in that part of America , known to us by the name of NEW-ENGLAND . ANno Dom. 1492. Christ. Columbus discovered America . ANno Dom. 1516. The Voyage of Sir Thomas Pert , Vice Admiral of England , and Sir Sebastian Cabota to Brazile , &c. ANno Dom. 1527. New-found-Land , discovered by the English. ANno Dom. 1577. Sir Francis Drake began his Voyage about the World. Anno Dom. 1585. Nova Albion discovered by Sir Francis Drake , and by him so Named . Anno Dom. 1585. April 9. Sir Richards Greenevile was sent by Sir Water Rawleigh with a Fleet of Seven Sail to Virginia , and was stiled the General of Virginia . Anno Dom. 1586. Captain Thomas Candish , a Suffolk Gentleman , began his Voyage round about the World , with three Ships past the Streights of Magellan , burn'd and ransack'd in the entry of Chile , Peru , and New-Spain , near the great Island Callifornia in the South Sea ; and returned to Plymouth with a precious Booty Anno Dom. 1588. September the 8th ; being the third since Magellan that circuited the Earth . Anno Dom. 1588. Sir Walter Rawleigh first discovered Virginia , by him so Named , in honour of our Virgin Queen . Anno Dom. 1595. Sir Walter Rawleigh discovered Guiana . Anno Dom. 1606. A Collony sent to Virginia . Anno Dom. 1614. Bermudas Planted . Anno Dom. 1618. The blazing Star ; then Plymouth Plantation began in New-England . Anno Dom. 1628. The Massachusets Colony Planted , and Salem the first Town therein Built . Anno Dom. 1629. The first Church gathered in this Colony was at Salem ; from which Year to this present Year , is 43 Years . In the compass of these Years , in this Colony , there hath been gathered Fourty Churches , and 120 Towns built in all the Colonies of New-England . The Church of Christ at Plymouth , was Planted in New-England Eight Years before others . Anno Dom. 1630. The Governour and Assistants arrived with their Pattent for the Massachusets . Anno Dom. 1630. The Lady Arabella in New-England . Anno Dom. 1630. When the Government was established , they Planted on Noddles Island . Anno Dom. 1631. Captain Iohn Smith Governour of Virginia , and Admiral of New-England , Dyed . Anno Dom. 1631. Mr. Mavericke Minister at Dorchester in New-England . Anno Dom. 1631. Iohn Winthorpe Esq chosen the first time Governour , he was eleven times Governour ; some say Nineteen times ; eleven Years together ; the other Years by intermission . Anno Dom. 1631. Iohn Wilson Pastor of Charles Town . Anno Dom. 1631. Sir R. Saltingstall at Water Town came into New-England . Anno Dom. 1631. Mr. Rog. Harlackinden was a Majestrate , and a Leader of their Military Forces . Dr. Wilson gave 1000 l. to New-England , with which they stored themselves with great Guns . Anno Dom. 1633. Mr. Thomas Hooker , Mr. Haynes , and Mr. Iohn Cotton , came over together in one Ship. Anno Dom. 1634. The Country was really placed in a posture of War , to be in readiness at all times . Anno Dom. 1635. Hugh Peters went over for New-England . Anno Dom. 1636. Connecticat Colony Planted . Anno Dom. 1637. The Pequites Wars , in which were Slain Five or Six Hundred Indians . Ministers that have come from England , chiefly in the Ten first Years , Ninety Four : Of which returned Twenty Seven : Dyed in the Country Thirty Six : Yet alive in the Country Thirty One. The Number of Ships that transported Passengers to New-England in these times , was 298. supposed : Men , Women , and Children , as near as can be ghessed 21200. Anno Dom. 1637. The first Synod at Cambridge in New-England , where the Antinomian and Famalistical Errors were confuted ; 80 Errors now amongst the Massachusets . Anno Dom. 1638. New-Haven Colony began . Mrs. Hutchinson and her erronious companions banished the Massachusets Colony . A terrible Earth quake throughout the Country . Mr. Iohn Harvard , the Founder of Harvard College ( at Cambridge in New-England ) Deceased , gave 700 l. to the Erecting of it . Anno Dom. 1639. First Printing at Cambridge in New-England . Anno Dom. 1639. A very sharp Winter in New-England . Anno Dom. 1642. Harvard College Founded with a publick Library . Ministers bred in New-England , and ( excepting about 10 , ) in Harvard College 132 ; of which dyed in the Country 10 ; now living 81 ; removed to England 41. Anno Dom. 1643. The first combination of the Four United Colonies , viz. Plymouth , Massachusets , Connecticut , and New-Haven . Anno Dom. 1646. The second Synod at Cambridge touching the duty and power of Majestrates in matters of Religion : Secondly , the nature and power of Synods . Mr. Eliot first Preached to the Indians in their Native Language . Anno Dom. 1647. Mr. Thomas Hooker Died. Anno Dom. 1648. The third Synod at Cambridge , publishing the Platform of Discipline . Anno Dom. 1649. Mr. Iohn Winthorpe Governour , now Died. This Year a strange multitude of Caterpillers in New-England . Thrice seven Years after the Planting of the English in New-England , the Indians of Massachusets being 30000 able Men were brought to 300. Anno Dom. 1651. Hugh Peters , and Mr. Wells came for England . Anno Dom. 1652. Mr. Iohn Cotton Dyed . Anno Dom. 1653. The great Fire in Boston in New-England . Mr. Thomas Dudley , Governour of the Massachusets , Dyed this Year . Anno Dom. 1654. Major Gibbons Died in New-England . Anno Dom. 1655. Iamaica Taken by the English. Anno Dom. 1657. The Quakers arrived in New-England , at Plymouth . Anno Dom. 1659. Mr. Henry Dunster the first President of Harvard College now Dyed . Anno Dom. 1661. Major Atherton Dyed in New-England . Anno Dom. 1663. Mr. Iohn Norton Pastor of Boston in New-England , Dyed suddenly . Mr. Samuel Sto●…e , Teacher of Hartford Church , Dyed this Year . Anno Dom. 1664. The whole Bible Printed in the Indian Language finished . The Manadaes , called New Amsterdam , now called New York ; surrendred up to His Majesties Commissioners ( for the settling of the respective Colonies in New-England , viz. Sir Robert Carr , Collonel Nicols , Collonel Cartwright , and Mr. Samuel Mavericke , ) in September , after thirteen Dayes the Fort of Arania , now Albania ; twelve Dayes after that , the Fort Aw●…apha ; then de la Ware Castle Man'd with Dutch and Sweeds ; the Three first Forts and Towns being Built upon the great River Mohegan , otherwise called ●…udsons River . In September appeared a great Comet for the space of three Months . Anno Dom. 1665. Mr. Iohn Indicot , Governour of the Massachusets Dyed . A thousand Foot sent this Year by the French King to Canada . Captain Davenport killed with Lightning at the Castle by Boston in New-England , and several Wounded . Anno Dom. 1666. The Small Pox at Boston . Seven slain by Lightning , and divers burnt : This Year also New-England ▪ had cast away , and taken 31 Vessels , and some in 1667. Anno Dom. 1667. Mr. Iohn Wilson Pastor of Boston Dyed , aged 79 Years . Anno Dom. 1670. At a place called Kenibunck , which is in the Province of Meyne , a Colony belonging to the Heir of that Honourable Knight Sir Ferdinando Gorges ; not far from the River side , a piece of Clay Ground was thrown up by a Mineral vapour ( as we supposed ) over the tops of high Oaks that grew between it and the River , into the River , stopping the course thereof , and leaving a hole two Yards square , wherein were thousands of Clay Bullets as big as Musquet Bullets , and pieces of Clay in shape like the Barrel of a Musquet . Anno Dom. 1671. Elder Peun dyed at Boston . Anno Dom. 1672. Mr. Richard Bellingham , Governour of the Massachusets in New-England . FINIS . Books Printed and Sold by Giles Widdows at the Green Dragon in St. Pauls Church Yard . Folio . DOctor Nath. Homes's Works . Mr. Davies's Rights belonging to Uniformity in Churches . A Book of the five Sences , in Copper Plates . Quarto . Mr. Caryl's Exposition on the 32 , 33 , and 34 Chapters of the Book of Iob. Dr. Sibbs's Light from Heaven , discovering the Fountain opened , the Angels acclamatio●…s , the Churches Riches , the Riches Poverty , in four Treatises . Mr. Barto●…s Remedy for Londons languishing Trade . The younger Brothers Apology , or a Fathers free power , &c. Marcelia , or the Treacherous Friend , a Tragy-Comedy . Written by Madam Boothby . Large Octavo . Mr. Stucklyes Gospel Glass , representing the miscarriages of English professors . Mr. Gales Theophily . His Anatomy of Insidelity . His Idea of Iansenism both Historick and D●…gmatick , in small Octavo . Pufendorfs Elementorum Iuris prudentia Universalis . Walker's Grammar . His Art of Teaching . 12. and 24. Frommoni●… Synopsis Metaphysica . Hoole's Greek Testament . History of the Bible . Batavia , or the Hollander Displayed in brief Charectars , &c. Dr. Collet's daily Devotions , or the Christians Morning and Evening Sacrafice ; digested into Prayers and Meditations , with some short directions for a Godly life ; and a brief account of the Authors Li●…e , by Doctor Fuller . Those Famous Lozenges for the Cure of Consumptions , Coughs new and old , and all other Diseases incident to the Lungs , are made by Edmund Buckworth , Physitian to the Queens most Excellent Majesty , and are Sold at the Green Dragon in St. Pauls Church Yard , where you may also have his Famous Homogenial Pill . GW printer's or publisher's device