Distant Reader - subject-idolsAndImages-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 14 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 676,408 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 48,314 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 90. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

god, church, worship, roman, one, may, idolatry, non, will, christ, images, saith, things, men, yet, much, us, man, st, therefore, doth, great, first, image, made, must, divine, true, rome, say, sense, world, make, gods, though, now, thing, many, de, time, reason, shall, give, faith, see, without, whether, way, honour, words

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are Several conferences between a Romish priest, a fanatick chaplain, and a divine of the Church of England concerning the idolatry of the Church of Rome, being a full answer to the late dialogues of T.G., A discourse concerning the idolatry practised in the Church of Rome and the danger of salvation in the communion of it in an answer to some papers of a revolted Protestant : wherein a particular account is given of the fanaticism and divisions of that church / by Edward Stilingfleet., and Of idolatry a discourse, in which is endeavoured a declaration of, its distinction from superstition, its notion, cause, commencement, and progress, its practice charged on Gentiles, Jews, Mahometans, Gnosticks, Manichees Arians, Socinians, Romanists : as also, of the means which God hath vouchsafed towards the cure of it by the Shechinah of His Son / by Tho. Tenison ....

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

roman non, roman church, divine worship, true god, supreme god, religious worship, let us, christian church, seven churches, one supreme, one god, catholick church, early english, english books, second commandment, every one, divine honour, external acts, divine nature, one another, blessed virgin, two things, holy ghost, christian religion, true church, primitive church, books online, among us, tells us, god alone, jesus christ, christian world, must needs, heathen idolatry, inferiour deities, give divine, worship due, humane nature, worship god, page images, virgin mary, divine revelation, text creation, take notice, creation partnership, made use, popes authority, false gods, good life, make use

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are A brief answer to the many calumnies of Dr. Henry More, in his pretended Antidote against idolatry. Shewing that no prudent person can, upon any rational ground, be deterr''d from returning to the communion of St. Peter''s chair, by any of the doctors best and strongest evidences to the contrary. An answer to several late treatises, occasioned by a book entituled A discourse concerning the idolatry practised in the Church of Rome, and the hazard of salvation in the communion of it. The first part by Edward Stillingfleet ..., and The papist represented, and not misrepresented being in answer to the second sheet of the second part of the Papist misrepresented and represented : and for a further vindication of the catechism truly representing the doctrines and practices of the Church of Rome, in the point of their praying to the cross..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

church, god, worship, idolatry, scripture, roman, images, image, council, tcp, saints, religion, lord, churches, st., law, gods, divine, christian, christ, book, body, virgin, temple, priest, pope, king, jews, honour, holy, heathens, gentiles, father, england, conclusion, authority, world, vision, unto, sun, statues, spirit, soul, son, shechinah, seven, sacrifices, sacrifice, sacrament, rome

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be god, and The papist represented, and not misrepresented being in answer to the second sheet of the second part of the Papist misrepresented and represented : and for a further vindication of the catechism truly representing the doctrines and practices of the Church of Rome, in the point of their praying to the cross. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

p., worship, things, men, images, man, sense, thing, time, reason, way, words, image, people, doth, others, self, name, honour, nothing, faith, place, scripture, nature, gods, part, hath, world, power, kind, saints, matter, persons, body, church, person, places, one, case, manner, account, doctrine, life, use, argument, mind, purpose, truth, word, saith

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, was, are, have, were, had, do, being, did, been, made, say, make, give, said, think, given, called, see, worship, saith, done, know, take, believe, worshipped, let, according, prove, pray, concerning, come, thought, used, set, put, find, hath, taken, understand, suppose, am, having, has, giving, doth, understood, found, makes

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

god, church, 〉, ◊, 〈, idolatry, c., christ, p., st., rome, d., l., g., t., de, r., s., worship, dr., divine, council, hath, roman, b, authority, pope, c, world, book, christians, england, christian, lord, gods, angels, churches, law, image, heaven, heathens, holy, thou, virgin, bishop, images, father, doctrine, popes, son

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, he, they, his, them, i, their, we, him, our, you, us, himself, her, my, themselves, me, your, its, she, thy, thee, one, theirs, ours, yours, mine, ye, ''s, yt, whereof, whosoever, em, ''em, 〈, ●, †, ymagery, us''d, subdu''d, s, non, nay, itself, ib, f, c, ay

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

such, roman, non, -, other, same, great, true, many, own, more, first, good, much, divine, second, necessary, present, saith, common, very, little, false, particular, whole, greater, certain, infallible, several, proper, plain, external, last, due, new, religious, guilty, ancient, least, former, sufficient, holy, better, general, greatest, like, old, large, natural, contrary

not, so, then, only, as, more, therefore, very, now, most, also, much, up, well, yet, thus, here, never, far, out, ever, there, first, rather, too, down, even, still, again, no, together, all, indeed, away, especially, before, else, that, in, is, off, onely, at, afterwards, sometimes, once, otherwise, often, just, plainly

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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