Distant Reader - subject-humanAnatomy-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 8 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 1,308,877 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 163,609 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 91. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

part, blood, parts, one, two, also, may, heart, little, vessels, first, body, muscles, like, veins, arteries, bone, great, called, nerves, many, substance, side, reason, bones, much, together, brain, small, head, lower, will, motion, upper, womb, seed, liver, therefore, three, without, yet, use, time, self, sometimes, made, right, whole, others, membrane

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The anatomy of human bodies, comprehending the most modern discoveries and curiosities in that art to which is added a particular treatise of the small-pox & measles : together with several practical observations and experienced cures ... / written in Latin by Ijsbrand de Diemerbroeck ... ; translated from the last and most correct and full edition of the same, by William Salmon ..., Bartholinus anatomy made from the precepts of his father, and from the observations of all modern anatomists, together with his own ... / published by Nich. Culpeper and Abdiah Cole., and The anatomy of humane bodies with figures drawn after the life by some of the best masters in Europe and curiously engraven in one hundred and fourteen copper plates : illustrated with large explications containing many new anatomical discoveries and chirurgical observations : to which is added an introduction explaining the animal œconomy : with a copious index / by William Cowper..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

animal spirits, upper part, vena cava, whole body, lower part, right side, many times, left side, os sacrum, like manner, hinder part, right ventricle, great quantity, dura mater, left ventricle, pancreatick juyce, lower jaw, small pox, inner part, spinal marrow, little branches, upper jaw, two branches, vena portae, lymphatic vessels, inner parts, great artery, lower belly, tells us, mean time, hollow vein, vena porta, vasa deferentia, pancreatick juice, arterious blood, umbilical vessels, pia mater, de graef, greatest part, taken away, sixth pair, milkie vessels, next day, one ounce, first vertebra, two parts, great toe, one side, lower parts, arteria venosa

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are The surgions directorie, for young practitioners, in anatomie, wounds, and cures, &c. shewing, the excellencie of divers secrets belonging to that noble art and mysterie. Very usefull in these times upon any sodaine accidents. And may well serve, as a noble exercise for gentle-women, and others; who desire science in medicine and surgery, for a generall good. Divided into X. parts. (Whose contents follow in the next page.) / Written by T. Vicary, Esquire, chyrurgion to Hen 8. Edw. 6. Q. Mary. Q. Eliz. The anatomy of humane bodies epitomized wherein all parts of man''s body, with their actions and uses, are succinctly described, according to the newest doctrine of the most accurate and learned modern anatomists / by a Fellow of the College of Physicians, London., and De succo pancreatico, or, A physical and anatomical treatise of the nature and office of the pancreatick juice shewing its generation in the body, what diseases arise by its vitiation : from whence in particular, by plain and familiar examples, is accurately demonstrated, the causes and cures of agues, or intermitting feavers, hitherto so difficult and uncertain, with sundry other things of worthy note / written by D. Reg. de Graaf ... ; and translated by Christopher Pack ....

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

heart, body, vessels, vena, veins, stomach, muscles, lungs, liver, head, fibres, brain, bones, blood, bladder, arteries, womb, substance, spleen, seed, parts, opinion, nerves, neck, membrane, eye, cavity, artery, water, ventricle, use, stones, skin, patient, membranes, juice, glandules, cava, bone, belly, abdomen, yard, wounds, woman, wine, waxe, vineger, vii, veynes, vein

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be blood, and The coppy of a certain large act (obligatory) of Tonker Lovis de Bils, Lord of Koppensdamme, Bonen, &c. touching the skill of a better way of anatomy of mans body. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

part, blood, parts, heart, body, vessels, side, reason, time, others, veins, self, bones, substance, bone, things, seed, branches, arteries, way, quantity, man, skin, motion, manner, place, beginning, end, use, thing, whence, sides, rest, water, women, cause, length, fig, times, child, nerves, day, men, middle, opinion, nothing, nourishment, one, ▪, muscles

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, are, be, have, being, was, called, were, do, has, made, had, found, said, make, take, been, according, pass, s, inserted, does, let, divided, come, taken, seen, carried, say, cut, observed, hath, separated, having, seeing, says, appears, seems, see, receive, did, appear, put, give, grow, find, flow, joyned, comes, arise

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

〉, ◊, 〈, muscles, brain, liver, head, os, parts, nerves, arteries, membrane, c., f., womb, vein, vessels, muscle, part, vena, bone, spirits, veins, heart, stomach, t., ventricle, spleen, motion, substance, matter, animal, eye, membranes, lungs, s., neck, bones, chap, chylus, use, c, cavity, seed, birth, cava, mouth, bladder, j., fibres

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, they, their, its, he, them, i, we, his, her, him, you, our, themselves, us, she, my, your, ''em, me, himself, one, thy, ''s, em, ours, dy''d, ʒ, theirs, itself, thee, herself, ye, us''d, mine, whereof, hitherto, ●, yours, yee, tears, myself, whence, wh, wedg''d, wax, waken''d, twig, sign''d, s

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

other, little, same, many, great, first, lower, small, such, whole, more, upper, several, certain, inner, second, right, proper, third, common, large, greater, left, thin, thick, much, most, strong, white, good, like, cold, long, thicker, hard, own, fourth, former, sharp, external, true, hot, round, last, least, larger, hollow, new, less, full

not, so, also, more, then, very, only, together, out, therefore, sometimes, as, up, forth, now, much, most, well, first, again, hence, never, easily, yet, partly, there, thus, somewhat, here, off, presently, away, especially, down, afterwards, too, thereof, less, back, in, often, before, rather, far, long, all, commonly, else, moreover, nevertheless

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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