The third volume of Plutarch's lives. Translated from the Greek, by several hands
         Lives. English. Vol. III.
         Plutarch.
      
       
         
           1693
        
      
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             The third volume of Plutarch's lives. Translated from the Greek, by several hands
             Lives. English. Vol. III.
             Plutarch.
             Burghers, M., engraver.
          
           [4], 635 [i.e. 636]+ p., [11] leaves of plates
           
             printed by R.E. for Jacob Tonson, at the Judges-Head in Chancery-Lane, near Fleet-street,
             London :
             1693.
          
           
             Frontispiece and other engravings signed: MBurghers sculp.
             P. 636 mis-numbered 635.
             With a chronological table and list of contents.
             A translation of volume 3 of: Plutarchus. Vitæ parallelæ.
             Copy cataloged has catchword 'Books' on last p. of text.
             Reproduction of the original in the British Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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           Greece -- Biography -- Early works to 1800.
           Rome -- Biography -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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               PLUTARCH's
               Lives
               the
               thierd
               Volum
               .
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Third
           Volume
           OF
           PLUTARCH'S
           LIVES
           .
        
         
           Translated
           from
           the
           Greek
           ,
           BY
           SEVERAL
           HANDS
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             R.
             E.
          
           for
           
             Jacob
             Tonson
          
           ,
           at
           the
           Judges-Head
           in
           Chancery-Lane
           ,
           near
           Fleet-street
           ,
           1693.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           LIVES
           contained
           in
           this
           Volume
           .
        
         
           
             PYrrhus
             ,
             
               translated
               by
               Dr.
            
             Croune
             .
             Page
             1.
             
          
           
             Cajus
             Marius
             ,
             Mr.
             Stapleton
             .
             Page
             70
          
           
             Lysander
             ,
             Mr.
             Boyle
             .
             Page
             154
          
           
             Sylla
             ,
             Mr.
             Davis
             .
             Page
             204
          
           
             Cimon
             ,
             Mr.
             Morgan
             .
             Page
             284
          
           
             Lucullus
             ,
             Mr.
             Thornburgh
             .
             Page
             327
          
           
             Nicias
             ,
             Mr.
             Rymer
             .
             Page
             411
          
           
             Crassus
             ,
             Mr.
             Amhurst
             .
             Page
             472
          
           
             Eumenes
             ,
             Page
             548
          
           
             Sertorius
             ,
             Dr.
             Brown.
             Page
             575
          
        
      
       
         
         
           
             
               A
               Chronological
               Table
               to
               the
               Third
               Volume
               of
               
               Plutarch's
               Lives
               .
            
             
               
                  
              
               
                 The
                 Olympiad
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Year
                 of
                 the
                 Olympiad
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 building
                 of
                 Rome
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Worlds
                 Creation
                 .
              
               
                 Before
                 the
                 Com.
                 of
                 Christ
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Julian
                 Period
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Pyrrhus
                 .
              
               
                 123
              
               
                 1
              
               
                 465
              
               
                 3662
              
               
                 286
              
               
                 4426
              
            
             
               
                 
                   Caius
                   Marius
                
                 first
                 time
                 Consul
                 .
              
               
                 168
              
               
                 2
              
               
                 646
              
               
                 3843
              
               
                 105
              
               
                 4607
              
            
             
               
                 Lysander
                 .
                 took
                 Athens
                 .
              
               
                 93
              
               
                 4
              
               
                 348
              
               
                 3545
              
               
                 403
              
               
                 4309
              
            
             
               
                 Sylla
                 Consul
                 .
              
               
                 173
              
               
                 1
              
               
                 665
              
               
                 3862
              
               
                 86
              
               
                 4626
              
            
             
               
                 Cimon
                 overthrew
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
              
               
                 78
              
               
                 1
              
               
                 285
              
               
                 3482
              
               
                 466
              
               
                 4246
              
            
             
               
                 Lucullus
                 .
              
               
                 177
              
               
                 2
              
               
                 682
              
               
                 3879
              
               
                 69
              
               
                 4643
              
            
             
               
                 Nicias
                 .
              
               
                 91
              
               
                 1
              
               
                 337
              
               
                 3534
              
               
                 414
              
               
                 4298
              
            
             
               
                 
                   Marcus
                   Crassus
                
                 ,
                 first
                 time
                 Consul
                 .
              
               
                 177
              
               
                 3
              
               
                 683
              
               
                 3880
              
               
                 68
              
               
                 4644
              
            
             
               
                 Eumenes
                 .
              
               
                 114
              
               
                 2
              
               
                 431
              
               
                 3628
              
               
                 320
              
               
                 4392
              
            
             
               
                 Sertorius
                 ,
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Sucro
                 .
              
               
                 175
              
               
                 4
              
               
                 676
              
               
                 3873
              
               
                 75
              
               
                 4637
              
            
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
           
           
           
           
             
               
                 PYRRHUS
                 .
              
            
             THE
             LIFE
             OF
             PYRRHUS
             .
          
           
             From
             the
             Greek
             ,
             By
             
               William
               Croune
               ,
               M.
               D.
            
             Fell.
             of
             the
             Coll.
             of
             Physicians
             .
          
           
             VOLUME
             III.
             
          
           
             OF
             the
             Thesprotes
             and
             Molossians
             after
             the
             great
             Inundation
             ,
             the
             first
             King
             some
             write
             was
             Phaeton
             ,
             one
             of
             them
             who
             in
             
             Pelasgus's
             Company
             came
             into
             Epirus
             :
             Others
             tell
             us
             Deucalion
             and
             Pyrrha
             having
             built
             a
             Temple
             at
             Dodona
             ,
             settled
             there
             among
             the
             Molossians
             .
             In
             after
             time
             Neoptolemus
             ,
             Achilles's
             Son
             ,
             transplanting
             a
             Colony
             ,
             possess'd
             these
             Parts
             himself
             ,
             and
             left
             a
             Succession
             of
             Kings
             after
             
             him
             ,
             nam'd
             Pyrrhidae
             (
             for
             he
             in
             his
             Youth
             was
             call'd
             Pyrrhus
             )
             and
             of
             his
             Legitimate
             Children
             ,
             one
             born
             of
             Lanassa
             Daughter
             of
             
               Cleodes
               ,
               Hyllus
            
             his
             Son
             ,
             he
             nam'd
             Pyrrhus
             also
             .
             From
             him
             Achilles
             came
             to
             have
             Divine
             Honours
             in
             Epirus
             ,
             under
             the
             name
             of
             Aspetus
             in
             the
             Language
             of
             the
             Country
             :
             After
             these
             first
             Kings
             ,
             those
             of
             the
             following
             middle
             times
             becoming
             barbarous
             ,
             and
             so
             rendred
             both
             in
             their
             Governments
             and
             Lives
             obscure
             ;
             Tharrytes
             is
             said
             to
             be
             the
             first
             ,
             who
             ,
             by
             adorning
             Cities
             with
             Greek
             Manners
             and
             Learning
             ,
             and
             Laws
             acceptable
             to
             Mankind
             ▪
             left
             any
             Fame
             of
             himself
             .
             Alcetes
             was
             the
             Son
             of
             
               Tharrytes
               ,
               Arybas
            
             of
             Aleetes
             ,
             and
             of
             Arybus
             and
             Troas
             his
             Queen
             ,
             Aeacides
             :
             He
             married
             Pthia
             the
             
             Daughter
             of
             Menon
             the
             Thessalian
             ,
             a
             very
             brave
             man
             ▪
             living
             at
             the
             time
             of
             the
             Lamiac
             War
             ,
             and
             of
             highest
             Command
             in
             the
             Confederate
             Army
             next
             Leosthenes
             .
             To
             Aeacides
             ,
             were
             born
             of
             
               Pthia
               ,
               Deidamia
            
             and
             Trojas
             Daughters
             ,
             and
             Pyrrhus
             a
             Son.
             The
             Molossians
             afterwards
             falling
             into
             Factions
             ,
             and
             throwing
             off
             Aeacides
             ,
             brought
             in
             the
             Sons
             of
             Neoptolemus
             ,
             and
             such
             Friends
             of
             Aeacides
             ,
             as
             they
             could
             take
             ,
             were
             all
             cut
             off
             :
             Pyrrhus
             yet
             an
             Infant
             ,
             and
             search'd
             for
             by
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             Androclides
             and
             Angelus
             had
             stol'n
             away
             and
             fled
             ;
             but
             being
             obliged
             to
             take
             with
             them
             a
             few
             Servants
             ,
             
             and
             the
             Women
             that
             nurs'd
             the
             Child
             ,
             it
             made
             their
             Escape
             more
             difficult
             and
             slow
             ;
             
             so
             being
             overtaken
             they
             deliver'd
             the
             Infant
             to
             
               Androclion
               ,
               Hippias
            
             ,
             and
             Neander
             ,
             faithful
             and
             able
             young
             Fellows
             ,
             giving
             them
             in
             charge
             with
             all
             imaginable
             diligence
             to
             reach
             Megara
             ,
             a
             Town
             of
             the
             Macedons
             ;
             and
             themselves
             partly
             by
             entreaty
             ,
             and
             partly
             by
             force
             ,
             stopt
             the
             course
             of
             the
             Pursuers
             till
             very
             late
             in
             the
             Evening
             ▪
             at
             last
             having
             hardly
             forc'd
             them
             back
             ,
             they
             joyn'd
             those
             who
             had
             the
             care
             of
             Pyrrhus
             :
             But
             the
             Sun
             being
             already
             set
             ,
             and
             they
             near
             the
             utmost
             point
             now
             of
             their
             hopes
             ,
             were
             on
             the
             sudden
             defeated
             ;
             for
             coming
             to
             the
             River
             that
             runs
             by
             the
             City
             ,
             it
             look'd
             very
             dreadful
             and
             rough
             ,
             and
             endeavouring
             to
             pass
             over
             ,
             they
             found
             it
             was
             not
             fordable
             ;
             for
             some
             late
             Rains
             had
             swell'd
             the
             Water
             ,
             and
             made
             it
             run
             very
             foul
             :
             The
             darkness
             of
             the
             Night
             added
             to
             the
             horrour
             of
             all
             ,
             so
             that
             they
             durst
             not
             adventure
             of
             themselves
             to
             carry
             over
             the
             Child
             and
             the
             Women
             that
             attended
             it
             ;
             but
             perceiving
             some
             of
             the
             Country
             People
             on
             t'other
             side
             ,
             desir'd
             they
             would
             assist
             their
             passage
             ,
             and
             show'd
             them
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             calling
             out
             aloud
             ,
             and
             importuning
             them
             ,
             but
             they
             could
             not
             hear
             for
             the
             noise
             and
             roarings
             of
             the
             Water
             :
             Thus
             time
             was
             spent
             while
             those
             call'd
             out
             ,
             and
             the
             others
             did
             not
             understand
             
             what
             was
             said
             ,
             till
             one
             recollecting
             himself
             ,
             pill'd
             off
             a
             piece
             of
             Bark
             from
             an
             Oak
             ,
             and
             writ
             on
             it
             with
             ▪
             the
             tongue
             of
             a
             Buckle
             ,
             expressing
             the
             Necessities
             and
             the
             Fortunes
             of
             the
             Child
             ,
             and
             then
             rowling
             it
             about
             a
             Stone
             ,
             which
             was
             made
             use
             of
             to
             give
             force
             to
             the
             Motion
             ,
             threw
             it
             over
             to
             the
             other
             side
             ;
             some
             report
             they
             fastned
             it
             to
             the
             end
             of
             a
             Javelin
             ,
             and
             darted
             it
             over
             ,
             when
             they
             on
             the
             other
             Shore
             read
             what
             was
             on
             the
             Bark
             ,
             and
             considered
             the
             shortness
             of
             the
             time
             ,
             instantly
             cutting
             down
             some
             Trees
             ,
             and
             lashing
             them
             together
             ,
             came
             over
             to
             them
             ;
             it
             fell
             out
             ,
             he
             who
             first
             got
             a-Shore
             ,
             and
             took
             Pyrrhus
             in
             his
             Arms
             ,
             was
             named
             Achilles
             ,
             the
             rest
             were
             help'd
             over
             by
             others
             as
             they
             came
             to
             hand
             :
             Thus
             being
             safe
             ,
             and
             out
             of
             the
             reach
             of
             pursuit
             ,
             they
             addrest
             themselves
             to
             Glaucias
             then
             King
             of
             Illyria
             ,
             and
             finding
             him
             at
             Court
             sitting
             with
             the
             Queen
             ,
             they
             laid
             down
             the
             Child
             before
             them
             :
             The
             King
             began
             to
             weigh
             this
             affair
             ,
             fearing
             Cassander
             a
             mortal
             Enemy
             of
             Aeacides
             ,
             and
             being
             in
             a
             deep
             consideration
             ,
             said
             nothing
             for
             a
             long
             time
             ;
             while
             Pyrrhus
             scrambling
             about
             ,
             got
             hold
             with
             his
             hand
             on
             his
             Robe
             ,
             and
             so
             helping
             himself
             upon
             his
             feet
             against
             the
             knees
             of
             Glaucias
             ,
             first
             mov'd
             Laughter
             ,
             and
             then
             Pity
             ,
             as
             a
             little
             humble
             crying
             Petitioner
             .
             Some
             say
             he
             did
             not
             lie
             groveling
             
             before
             Glaucias
             ,
             but
             catching
             hold
             of
             an
             Altar
             of
             the
             Gods
             ,
             and
             spreading
             his
             hands
             about
             it
             ,
             rais'd
             himself
             up
             by
             that
             ,
             which
             Action
             
             to
             Glaucias
             seem'd
             to
             have
             in
             it
             something
             of
             divine
             ,
             and
             immediately
             gave
             Pyrrhus
             into
             the
             Queen's
             Arms
             ,
             commanding
             he
             should
             be
             brought
             up
             with
             his
             own
             Children
             ;
             a
             little
             after
             the
             Enemies
             sending
             to
             demand
             him
             ,
             and
             Cassander
             himself
             offering
             two
             hundred
             Talents
             ,
             he
             would
             not
             deliver
             him
             up
             ;
             but
             when
             he
             was
             twelve
             years
             old
             ,
             bringing
             him
             with
             an
             Army
             into
             Epirus
             ,
             made
             him
             King
             ;
             Pyrrhus
             in
             the
             Air
             of
             his
             Face
             had
             something
             more
             of
             Fierce
             ,
             than
             of
             the
             August
             of
             Majesty
             ;
             he
             had
             not
             many
             Teeth
             ,
             but
             all
             above
             was
             one
             continued
             Bone
             ,
             
             divided
             with
             small
             Lines
             ,
             resembling
             the
             spaces
             of
             a
             Row
             of
             Teeth
             ;
             it
             was
             a
             general
             belief
             he
             could
             cure
             the
             Spleen
             by
             sacrificing
             
             a
             white
             Cock
             ,
             and
             with
             his
             right
             foot
             gently
             pressing
             upon
             the
             Spleen
             of
             the
             Persons
             laid
             down
             on
             their
             backs
             a
             little
             to
             one
             side
             ,
             nor
             was
             any
             so
             poor
             or
             inconsiderable
             as
             not
             to
             receive
             the
             benefit
             of
             his
             Royal
             Touch
             ,
             if
             he
             desired
             it
             ;
             after
             the
             Sacrifice
             he
             accepted
             the
             Cock
             as
             a
             Reward
             ,
             and
             the
             Present
             was
             almost
             welcome
             to
             him
             ;
             the
             Toe
             of
             that
             foot
             was
             said
             to
             have
             a
             divine
             Virtue
             ;
             for
             after
             his
             death
             ,
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             body
             being
             consum'd
             ,
             this
             was
             found
             unhurt
             and
             untouch'd
             by
             the
             Fire
             ;
             but
             of
             
             these
             things
             afterwards
             .
             Being
             now
             about
             Seventeen
             years
             old
             ,
             and
             the
             Government
             in
             appearance
             well
             setled
             ,
             he
             took
             a
             Journey
             out
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             to
             the
             marriage
             of
             one
             of
             
             Glaucias's
             Sons
             ,
             with
             whom
             he
             was
             brought
             up
             ,
             at
             which
             time
             the
             Molossions
             again
             rebelling
             ,
             turn'd
             out
             all
             of
             his
             Party
             ,
             ri●●ed
             his
             Exchequer
             ,
             and
             gave
             up
             themselves
             to
             
               Neoptolemus
               :
               Pyrrhus
            
             having
             thus
             lost
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             in
             want
             of
             all
             things
             ,
             apply'd
             himself
             to
             Demetrius
             the
             Son
             of
             Antigonus
             ,
             that
             married
             his
             Sister
             Deidamia
             ,
             who
             while
             she
             was
             but
             a
             little
             Miss
             ,
             they
             us'd
             to
             call
             
             Alexander's
             Wife
             Son
             of
             Roxana
             ;
             but
             their
             Affairs
             after
             proving
             unfortunate
             ,
             when
             she
             came
             to
             Age
             ,
             Demetrius
             married
             her
             .
             At
             the
             great
             
             Battle
             of
             Ipsus
             ,
             where
             so
             many
             Kings
             were
             engag'd
             ,
             Pyrrhus
             taking
             party
             with
             Demetrius
             ,
             tho'
             yet
             but
             a
             Youth
             ,
             routed
             those
             that
             encountred
             him
             ,
             and
             highly
             signaliz'd
             himself
             among
             all
             the
             Souldiery
             ;
             after
             when
             
             Demetrius's
             Fortunes
             were
             low
             ,
             he
             did
             not
             forsake
             him
             then
             ,
             but
             secur'd
             for
             him
             those
             Cities
             of
             Greece
             ,
             with
             which
             he
             was
             entrusted
             .
             Upon
             Articles
             of
             Agreement
             made
             between
             Demetrius
             and
             Ptolomy
             ,
             he
             went
             over
             an
             Hostage
             into
             Aegypt
             ,
             and
             both
             in
             Hunting
             ,
             and
             other
             Exercises
             ,
             gave
             
             Ptolomy
             a
             lively
             demonstration
             of
             his
             Courage
             and
             Strength
             .
             Here
             observing
             Berenice
             in
             greatest
             Power
             ,
             and
             of
             all
             
             Ptolomy's
             
             Wives
             ,
             highest
             in
             Esteem
             for
             Vertue
             and
             Understanding
             ,
             he
             made
             his
             Court
             ,
             and
             paid
             his
             respects
             principally
             to
             her
             ;
             for
             he
             had
             a
             particular
             Art
             of
             obliging
             the
             Great
             for
             
             his
             own
             Interest
             ,
             and
             easily
             overlook'd
             such
             as
             were
             below
             him
             :
             In
             Dyet
             very
             elegant
             but
             temperate
             ;
             so
             that
             among
             all
             the
             
             young
             Princes
             then
             at
             Court
             ,
             he
             was
             thought
             most
             fit
             to
             have
             Antigone
             for
             his
             Wife
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             Daughters
             of
             Berenice
             by
             Philip
             ,
             before
             she
             marry'd
             Ptolomy
             .
             After
             this
             Match
             ,
             advancing
             in
             Honour
             ,
             and
             Antigone
             being
             a
             very
             good
             Wife
             to
             him
             .
             having
             setled
             a
             Fond
             of
             Money
             ,
             and
             rais'd
             an
             Army
             ,
             he
             so
             ordered
             matters
             ,
             to
             be
             sent
             into
             his
             Kingdom
             of
             Epirus
             ,
             and
             arriv'd
             there
             to
             the
             great
             satisfaction
             of
             many
             ,
             from
             their
             hate
             to
             Neoptolemas
             ,
             governing
             in
             a
             violent
             and
             arbitrary
             way
             .
             But
             fearing
             lest
             Neoptolemus
             should
             enter
             into
             Alliance
             with
             some
             Neighbour
             Princes
             ,
             he
             came
             to
             Terms
             and
             Friendship
             with
             him
             in
             an
             equal
             share
             of
             the
             Government
             :
             Sometime
             after
             there
             were
             those
             who
             secretly
             exasperated
             them
             ,
             and
             fomented
             Jealousies
             of
             one
             another
             .
             The
             cause
             chiefly
             moving
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             is
             said
             to
             have
             had
             this
             beginning
             .
             It
             was
             customary
             for
             the
             Kings
             in
             Parasso
             ,
             a
             Province
             of
             Molossia
             ,
             after
             Sacrifice
             to
             Mars
             ,
             to
             enter
             into
             a
             solemn
             Covenant
             with
             the
             Epirots
             ;
             they
             to
             Govern
             according
             to
             Law
             ,
             these
             to
             preserve
             the
             Government
             ,
             
             as
             by
             Law
             establish'd
             .
             This
             was
             performed
             in
             the
             presence
             of
             both
             Kings
             ,
             who
             were
             there
             with
             their
             particular
             Favourites
             ,
             giving
             and
             receiving
             many
             Presents
             :
             Here
             Gelon
             ,
             one
             faithful
             to
             Neoptolemus
             ,
             taking
             Pyrrhus
             familiarly
             by
             the
             hand
             ,
             presented
             him
             with
             two
             pair
             of
             draught
             Oxen
             ,
             these
             Myrtilus
             his
             Cup-bearer
             being
             then
             by
             ,
             begg'd
             of
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             who
             not
             giving
             them
             to
             him
             ,
             but
             another
             ,
             Myrtilus
             extremely
             resented
             it
             .
             which
             Gelon
             took
             notice
             of
             ,
             and
             inviting
             him
             to
             a
             Treat
             (
             where
             as
             some
             report
             he
             debauch'd
             him
             too
             after
             drinking
             ,
             being
             in
             the
             Flower
             of
             his
             Youth
             )
             he
             entred
             into
             discourse
             ,
             perswading
             him
             to
             adhere
             to
             Neoptolemus
             ,
             and
             destroy
             Pyrrhus
             by
             Poyson
             ;
             Myrtilus
             receiv'd
             the
             Design
             ,
             as
             praising
             and
             consenting
             to
             it
             ,
             but
             indeed
             privately
             discovered
             it
             to
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             by
             whose
             Command
             he
             recommended
             Alexicrates
             his
             chief
             Cup-bearer
             to
             Gelon
             ,
             as
             a
             fit
             Instrument
             for
             their
             Design
             ,
             because
             Pyrrhus
             was
             very
             desirous
             to
             have
             proof
             of
             the
             Plot
             by
             several
             Evidences
             ;
             so
             Gelon
             being
             deceiv'd
             ,
             Neoptolemus
             ,
             who
             was
             as
             much
             deceiv'd
             by
             him
             ,
             and
             imagining
             the
             Design
             went
             prosperously
             on
             ,
             could
             not
             hold
             ,
             but
             for
             Joy
             vented
             it
             among
             his
             Friends
             ,
             and
             once
             at
             an
             Entertainment
             at
             his
             Sister
             
             Cadmia's
             ,
             spoke
             very
             frankly
             of
             it
             ,
             thinking
             none
             heard
             but
             themselves
             .
             Nor
             was
             any
             there
             but
             Phenaretate
             
             the
             Wife
             of
             Samon
             ,
             who
             had
             the
             care
             of
             managing
             
             Neoptolemus's
             Flocks
             and
             Herds
             .
             She
             being
             turn'd
             towards
             the
             Wall
             upon
             a
             Pallet
             ,
             seem'd
             fast
             asleep
             ;
             but
             having
             heard
             all
             that
             past
             unsuspected
             ,
             next
             day
             came
             to
             Antigone
             Pyrrhus's
             Wife
             ,
             and
             told
             her
             what
             she
             heard
             Neoptolemus
             say
             to
             his
             Sister
             ;
             which
             Pyrrhus
             understanding
             ,
             for
             the
             present
             said
             little
             ,
             but
             on
             a
             Sacrifice
             day
             ,
             making
             an
             Invitation
             for
             Neoptolemus
             ,
             kill'd
             him
             ;
             being
             satisfied
             before
             that
             the
             Great
             men
             of
             the
             Epirots
             were
             his
             Friends
             ,
             advising
             him
             to
             rid
             himself
             of
             Neoptolemus
             ,
             and
             not
             love
             one
             who
             shar'd
             the
             least
             point
             in
             the
             Government
             with
             him
             ,
             but
             follow
             his
             own
             inclination
             in
             undertaking
             his
             greater
             Designs
             ,
             and
             a
             just
             ground
             of
             suspicion
             already
             appearing
             ▪
             prevent
             Neoptolemus
             ,
             by
             taking
             him
             off
             first
             .
             In
             memory
             of
             Berenice
             and
             Ptolomee
             ,
             
             he
             nam'd
             his
             Son
             by
             
               Antigone
               ,
               Ptolomee
            
             ,
             and
             having
             built
             a
             City
             in
             the
             Peninsula
             of
             Epirus
             ,
             call'd
             it
             Berenicis
             .
             From
             this
             time
             
             he
             began
             to
             revolve
             many
             and
             vast
             things
             in
             his
             thoughts
             ;
             but
             his
             first
             hope
             and
             design
             was
             particularly
             laid
             near
             home
             ,
             and
             he
             found
             means
             to
             engage
             himself
             in
             the
             Macedonian
             Affairs
             under
             this
             pretension
             .
             Of
             
             Cassander's
             Sons
             ,
             Antipater
             the
             eldest
             both
             kill'd
             Thessalonica
             his
             Mother
             ,
             and
             expuls'd
             his
             Brother
             Alexander
             ,
             who
             sent
             to
             Demetrius
             entreating
             his
             assistance
             ,
             and
             also
             call'd
             
             in
             Pyrrhus
             ;
             but
             Demetrius
             being
             retarded
             by
             multitude
             of
             business
             ,
             Pyrrhus
             coming
             first
             demanded
             in
             reward
             of
             his
             Service
             the
             City
             of
             Nymphaea
             and
             the
             Sea-Coasts
             of
             Macedon
             ,
             and
             of
             their
             new
             Conquests
             
               Ambracia
               ,
               Acarnania
            
             ,
             and
             Amphilochia
             .
             The
             young
             Prince
             giving
             way
             ,
             he
             took
             possession
             of
             these
             Countries
             ,
             and
             secur'd
             them
             with
             good
             Garrisons
             ,
             and
             kept
             for
             Alexander
             himself
             the
             other
             part
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             which
             he
             gain'd
             from
             
               Antipater
               .
               Lysimachus
            
             designing
             to
             send
             aid
             to
             Antipater
             was
             involv'd
             in
             much
             other
             business
             ,
             but
             knowing
             Pyrrhus
             would
             not
             disoblige
             Ptolomee
             ,
             or
             deny
             him
             any
             thing
             ,
             sent
             pretended
             Letters
             to
             him
             as
             from
             Ptolomee
             ,
             desiring
             him
             to
             give
             over
             that
             Expedition
             ,
             upon
             the
             payment
             of
             300
             Talents
             to
             him
             by
             
               Antipater
               :
               Pyrrhus
            
             opening
             the
             Letter
             quickly
             discover'd
             the
             fraud
             of
             Lysimachus
             ;
             for
             it
             had
             not
             the
             accustom'd
             Stile
             of
             Salutation
             ,
             The
             Father
             to
             the
             Son
             health
             ,
             but
             King
             Ptolomee
             to
             Pyrrhus
             the
             King
             health
             ;
             and
             reproaching
             Lysimachus
             ,
             he
             notwithstanding
             made
             a
             peace
             ,
             and
             they
             all
             met
             to
             confirm
             it
             by
             a
             Solemn
             Oath
             upon
             Sacrifice
             :
             a
             Goat
             ,
             a
             Bull
             ,
             and
             a
             Ram
             being
             brought
             out
             ,
             the
             Ram
             on
             a
             sudden
             fell
             dead
             ,
             which
             although
             some
             only
             laugh'd
             at
             ,
             Theodotus
             the
             Priest
             forbid
             Pyrrhus
             to
             swear
             ,
             declaring
             Heaven
             by
             that
             portended
             the
             death
             of
             one
             of
             the
             three
             
             Kings
             ,
             upon
             which
             he
             refused
             to
             ratifie
             the
             peace
             .
             The
             Affairs
             of
             Alexander
             being
             now
             in
             some
             kind
             of
             Settlement
             ,
             Demetrius
             arriv'd
             ,
             and
             't
             was
             evident
             he
             came
             undesir'd
             ,
             and
             struck
             a
             Terrour
             into
             Alexander
             ;
             after
             they
             had
             been
             a
             few
             days
             together
             ,
             their
             mutual
             Jealousie
             made
             them
             design
             upon
             each
             other
             ;
             but
             Demetrius
             taking
             advantage
             of
             the
             first
             occasion
             was
             before
             hand
             with
             the
             young
             King
             ,
             and
             slew
             him
             ,
             and
             proclaim'd
             himself
             King
             of
             Macedon
             .
             There
             
             had
             been
             formerly
             no
             very
             good
             understanding
             between
             him
             and
             Pyrrhus
             ;
             for
             besides
             the
             inroads
             he
             made
             into
             Thessaly
             ,
             the
             innate
             disease
             of
             Princes
             ,
             Ambition
             of
             greater
             Empire
             ,
             rendred
             their
             Neighbourhood
             formidable
             and
             suspected
             ,
             especially
             since
             
             Deidamia's
             death
             ,
             and
             both
             having
             seiz'd
             Macedon
             ,
             they
             came
             foul
             upon
             the
             same
             thing
             ,
             and
             the
             difference
             between
             them
             had
             the
             fairer
             colours
             :
             Demetrius
             having
             entred
             into
             a
             War
             with
             the
             Aetolians
             and
             subdu'd
             them
             ,
             and
             left
             Pantanchus
             there
             with
             a
             considerable
             Army
             ,
             march'd
             directly
             against
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             and
             ,
             Pyrrhus
             (
             as
             he
             thought
             )
             against
             him
             ,
             but
             by
             mistake
             of
             the
             ways
             they
             past
             by
             one
             another
             ,
             Demetrius
             falling
             into
             Epirus
             wasted
             the
             Country
             ,
             and
             Pyrrhus
             meeting
             with
             Pantanchus
             prepar'd
             for
             an
             Engagement
             .
             The
             Soldiers
             falling
             in
             pell-mell
             ,
             there
             was
             a
             sharp
             and
             great
             Fight
             ,
             especially
             where
             the
             
             Generals
             were
             .
             Pantanchus
             in
             courage
             ,
             dexterity
             ,
             and
             strength
             of
             body
             ,
             being
             confessedly
             the
             best
             of
             all
             Demetrius
             his
             Captains
             ,
             and
             having
             both
             Resolution
             and
             Conduct
             challeng'd
             Pyrrhus
             to
             fight
             hand
             to
             hand
             ;
             on
             the
             other
             side
             Pyrrhus
             not
             less
             than
             any
             of
             the
             Kings
             in
             Valour
             and
             Glory
             ,
             and
             
             esteeming
             the
             Honour
             of
             Achilles
             rather
             due
             to
             him
             for
             his
             Courage
             than
             his
             Blood
             ,
             advanc'd
             against
             Pantanchus
             through
             the
             Front
             of
             the
             Army
             ;
             First
             ,
             they
             us'd
             their
             Lances
             ,
             then
             came
             to
             a
             close
             Fight
             ,
             and
             manag'd
             their
             Swords
             both
             with
             Art
             and
             Force
             ,
             Pyrrhus
             receiving
             one
             wound
             but
             returning
             
             two
             for
             it
             ,
             one
             in
             the
             Thigh
             ,
             the
             other
             near
             the
             Neck
             ,
             repuls'd
             and
             overthrew
             Pantanchus
             ,
             but
             did
             not
             kill
             him
             outright
             ,
             for
             he
             was
             suddenly
             rescu'd
             by
             his
             Friends
             :
             the
             Epirots
             rais'd
             with
             the
             Victory
             of
             their
             King
             ,
             and
             admiring
             his
             Courage
             ,
             forc'd
             through
             and
             cut
             in
             pieces
             the
             close
             Body
             of
             the
             Macedonians
             ,
             and
             pursuing
             those
             that
             fled
             ,
             kill'd
             many
             ,
             and
             took
             5000
             Prisoners
             .
             This
             Fight
             did
             not
             so
             much
             exasperate
             the
             Macedonians
             with
             Anger
             for
             their
             Loss
             ,
             or
             with
             Hatred
             to
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             as
             it
             caus'd
             an
             Esteem
             ,
             and
             Admiration
             of
             his
             Virtue
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             Discourse
             among
             those
             that
             saw
             what
             he
             did
             and
             were
             engag'd
             against
             him
             in
             the
             Action
             :
             They
             thought
             his
             Countenance
             ,
             and
             Swiftness
             ,
             and
             Motion
             exprest
             
             those
             of
             the
             Great
             Alexander
             ,
             and
             that
             in
             
             him
             they
             beheld
             Shadows
             ,
             and
             Resemblances
             of
             his
             Vivacity
             and
             Strength
             in
             Fight
             ;
             other
             Kings
             in
             Purple
             and
             Guards
             ,
             and
             a
             formal
             bending
             of
             their
             Necks
             ,
             and
             speaking
             in
             a
             lofty
             tone
             only
             Pyrrhus
             in
             Arms
             ,
             and
             Action
             representing
             Alexander
             .
             Of
             his
             Knowledge
             in
             Military
             Order
             and
             Discipline
             ,
             and
             his
             Great
             ability
             that
             way
             we
             have
             the
             best
             
             information
             from
             the
             Commentaries
             he
             left
             behind
             him
             about
             this
             Argument
             :
             Antigonus
             being
             ask'd
             who
             was
             the
             greatest
             Souldier
             ,
             said
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             if
             he
             liv'd
             to
             be
             ▪
             old
             ,
             meaning
             those
             only
             of
             his
             own
             time
             ;
             Hannibal
             
             of
             great
             Commanders
             esteem'd
             Pyrrhus
             for
             Sufficiency
             and
             Conduct
             the
             first
             ,
             Scipio
             the
             second
             ,
             and
             himself
             the
             third
             ,
             as
             is
             reported
             in
             the
             Life
             of
             Scipio
             .
             In
             a
             word
             ,
             
             he
             seem'd
             ever
             to
             make
             this
             all
             his
             Thought
             and
             Philosophy
             ,
             as
             the
             most
             Kingly
             part
             of
             Learning
             ,
             other
             Curiosities
             he
             held
             in
             no
             Account
             .
             He
             is
             reported
             ,
             when
             ask'd
             at
             a
             Feast
             whether
             he
             thought
             Python
             or
             Caphisias
             the
             best
             Musician
             ,
             to
             have
             said
             Polysperchon
             was
             the
             best
             Souldier
             ,
             as
             becoming
             a
             King
             only
             to
             enquire
             and
             understand
             such
             things
             .
             Towards
             his
             Familiars
             he
             was
             mild
             ,
             and
             not
             easily
             incensed
             ,
             forward
             and
             ready
             in
             answering
             Kindnesses
             ,
             so
             that
             when
             Aeropus
             was
             dead
             ,
             he
             could
             not
             bear
             it
             with
             moderation
             ,
             saying
             ,
             he
             indeed
             
             had
             suffer'd
             what
             was
             common
             to
             humane
             Nature
             ,
             but
             condemning
             and
             blaming
             himself
             ,
             that
             by
             puttings
             off
             and
             delays
             he
             had
             not
             return'd
             his
             kindness
             in
             time
             ;
             for
             our
             Debts
             may
             be
             satisfy'd
             to
             the
             Creditor's
             Heirs
             ,
             but
             the
             acknowledgement
             of
             receiv'd
             Favours
             not
             paid
             in
             ,
             while
             they
             to
             whom
             it
             is
             due
             can
             be
             sensible
             of
             it
             ,
             afflicts
             a
             good
             and
             a
             worthy
             Nature
             .
             Some
             thinking
             it
             fit
             that
             Pyrrhus
             should
             banish
             a
             certain
             ill-tongu'd
             Fellow
             in
             Ambracia
             who
             had
             spoke
             very
             indecently
             of
             him
             ;
             let
             him
             rather
             ,
             said
             he
             ,
             spake
             against
             me
             here
             to
             a
             few
             ,
             than
             rambling
             about
             to
             a
             great
             many
             .
             And
             others
             who
             in
             their
             Wine
             had
             made
             reflections
             upon
             him
             ,
             being
             afterward
             question'd
             for
             it
             ,
             he
             ask'd
             them
             whether
             they
             spoke
             such
             words
             ;
             one
             of
             the
             young
             Fellows
             told
             him
             :
             Yes
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             those
             very
             words
             ,
             and
             should
             have
             said
             more
             if
             we
             had
             had
             more
             Wine
             ;
             at
             which
             smiling
             he
             discharg'd
             them
             .
             After
             
             Antigone's
             death
             he
             married
             several
             Wives
             to
             
             enlarge
             his
             Interest
             and
             Power
             .
             He
             had
             the
             Daughter
             of
             Antoleon
             King
             of
             
               Paeonia
               ,
               Barcenna
               ,
               Bardyllis
            
             the
             Illyrian's
             ,
             Daughter
             ,
             Lanassa
             Daughter
             of
             Agathocles
             the
             Syracusian
             ,
             who
             brought
             with
             her
             in
             Dowry
             the
             City
             of
             Cercyra
             taken
             by
             Agathocles
             :
             By
             Antigone
             he
             had
             
               Ptolomee
               ,
               Alexander
            
             ,
             by
             Lanassa
             ,
             and
             Helenus
             the
             youngest
             by
             Barcenna
             ;
             he
             brought
             them
             up
             all
             in
             Arms
             ,
             hot
             and
             eager
             Youths
             ,
             
             and
             by
             him
             sharpned
             to
             war
             from
             their
             very
             
             Infancy
             .
             'T
             is
             said
             when
             one
             of
             them
             yet
             a
             child
             ,
             ask'd
             him
             to
             which
             he
             would
             leave
             his
             Kingdom
             ,
             he
             reply'd
             ,
             to
             him
             that
             had
             the
             sharpest
             Sword
             ,
             which
             was
             much
             ▪
             like
             that
             Tragical
             Curse
             of
             Oedipus
             to
             his
             Sons
             .
          
           
             
               —
               Divide
               not
               as
               the
               Common
               Rout
               ,
            
             
               But
               with
               the
               Sword
               each
               cut
               his
               portion
               out
               .
            
          
           
             So
             unsociable
             and
             brutal
             are
             the
             measures
             which
             Ambition
             takes
             .
             After
             this
             Battle
             Pyrrhus
             returning
             gloriously
             home
             ,
             entertain'd
             himself
             with
             the
             sense
             of
             his
             own
             Honour
             and
             Greatness
             of
             Mind
             ,
             and
             being
             call'd
             Eagle
             by
             the
             Epirots
             :
             By
             you
             (
             says
             he
             )
             
             I
             am
             an
             Eagle
             ;
             for
             how
             should
             I
             not
             be
             such
             while
             I
             am
             born
             up
             by
             your
             Arms
             as
             on
             Wings
             ?
             A
             little
             after
             having
             Intelligence
             that
             Demetrius
             was
             dangerously
             sick
             ,
             he
             fell
             on
             a
             sudden
             into
             Macedon
             ,
             intending
             only
             an
             Incursion
             ,
             and
             to
             harrass
             the
             Country
             ;
             but
             was
             very
             near
             seizing
             upon
             all
             ,
             and
             taking
             the
             Kingdom
             without
             a
             blow
             :
             He
             march'd
             as
             far
             as
             Edessa
             unresisted
             ,
             great
             numbers
             deserting
             ,
             and
             coming
             in
             to
             him
             :
             This
             danger
             excited
             Demetrius
             beyond
             his
             Strength
             ,
             and
             his
             Friends
             and
             Commanders
             in
             a
             short
             time
             got
             a
             considerable
             Army
             together
             ,
             and
             with
             all
             their
             Forces
             briskly
             attack'd
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             who
             comming
             only
             to
             pillage
             would
             not
             stand
             a
             Fight
             ,
             but
             retreating
             
             lost
             part
             of
             his
             Army
             ,
             as
             he
             went
             off
             ,
             by
             the
             close
             pursuit
             of
             the
             
               Macedonians
               .
               Demetrius
            
             although
             he
             had
             easily
             and
             quickly
             forc'd
             Pyrrhus
             out
             of
             the
             Country
             ,
             yet
             did
             not
             slight
             him
             ,
             but
             having
             resolv'd
             upon
             great
             Designs
             ,
             and
             to
             recover
             his
             Father's
             
             Kingdom
             with
             an
             Army
             of
             100000
             men
             ,
             and
             500
             Sail
             of
             Ships
             ,
             would
             neither
             embroil
             himself
             with
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             nor
             leave
             the
             Macedonians
             so
             active
             and
             troublesome
             a
             Neighbour
             ;
             and
             since
             he
             had
             no
             leisure
             to
             continue
             the
             War
             with
             him
             ,
             was
             willing
             to
             treat
             and
             conclude
             a
             Peace
             ,
             and
             to
             turn
             his
             Forces
             upon
             the
             other
             Kings
             :
             Articles
             being
             agreed
             upon
             ,
             the
             Designs
             of
             Demetrius
             quickly
             discover'd
             themselves
             by
             the
             greatness
             of
             his
             preparation
             .
             And
             the
             other
             Kings
             being
             alarm'd
             ,
             sent
             to
             Pyrrhus
             Ambassadors
             and
             Letters
             ,
             expressing
             their
             wonder
             that
             he
             losing
             so
             fair
             an
             Occasion
             ;
             would
             rather
             stay
             till
             Demetrius
             was
             ready
             to
             fight
             ,
             and
             being
             now
             able
             to
             chase
             him
             out
             of
             Macedon
             ,
             involv'd
             in
             designs
             and
             disturb'd
             ,
             would
             expect
             till
             he
             were
             at
             Leisure
             ,
             and
             grown
             greater
             ,
             and
             bring
             the
             War
             home
             to
             his
             own
             door
             ,
             and
             fight
             for
             their
             Temples
             and
             Sepulchres
             in
             Molossia
             :
             Especially
             having
             so
             lately
             by
             his
             means
             lost
             Cercyra
             and
             his
             Wife
             together
             .
             For
             Lanassa
             had
             taken
             offence
             at
             Pyrrhus
             for
             too
             great
             an
             inclination
             to
             those
             Wives
             of
             
             his
             that
             were
             Barbarians
             ,
             and
             so
             withdrew
             to
             Cercyra
             ,
             and
             desiring
             to
             marry
             some
             King
             ,
             invited
             Demetrius
             ,
             knowing
             of
             all
             the
             Kings
             ,
             he
             was
             most
             ready
             to
             entertain
             an
             offer
             of
             Marriage
             from
             fair
             Ladies
             ;
             so
             he
             sail'd
             thither
             ,
             marry'd
             Lanassa
             ,
             and
             plac'd
             a
             Garrison
             in
             the
             City
             .
             The
             Kings
             having
             writ
             thus
             to
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             did
             themselves
             likewise
             find
             Demetrius
             work
             ,
             while
             he
             was
             delaying
             and
             making
             his
             preparations
             ;
             Ptolomee
             setting
             out
             with
             a
             great
             Fleet
             ,
             drew
             off
             many
             of
             the
             Greek
             Cities
             ,
             Lysimachus
             out
             of
             Thrace
             wasted
             the
             upper
             
               Macedon
               ,
               Pyrrhus
            
             also
             taking
             Arms
             with
             these
             ,
             march'd
             to
             Beraea
             ,
             expecting
             ,
             (
             as
             it
             fell
             out
             )
             that
             Demetrius
             drawing
             his
             Forces
             against
             Lysimachus
             would
             leave
             the
             lower
             Country
             without
             Supplies
             .
             That
             very
             Night
             he
             seem'd
             in
             his
             Sleep
             to
             be
             call'd
             by
             Alexander
             the
             Great
             ,
             and
             approaching
             saw
             him
             sick
             a-bed
             ;
             but
             was
             receiv'd
             with
             very
             kind
             Words
             and
             much
             Respect
             ,
             and
             promis'd
             a
             suddain
             assistance
             :
             He
             making
             bold
             to
             reply
             ;
             How
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             can
             you
             being
             sick
             assist
             me
             ?
             With
             my
             Name
             ,
             says
             he
             ,
             and
             mounting
             a
             Nisaean
             Horse
             seem'd
             to
             lead
             the
             way
             :
             At
             the
             sight
             of
             this
             Vision
             he
             was
             much
             assur'd
             ,
             and
             with
             swift
             Marches
             over-running
             all
             the
             Interjacent
             Places
             ,
             takes
             Beraea
             ,
             and
             making
             his
             Head
             Quarters
             there
             ,
             reduc'd
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Country
             by
             his
             Commanders
             :
             When
             Demetrius
             
             receiv'd
             Intelligence
             of
             this
             ,
             and
             perceiv'd
             likewise
             the
             Macedonians
             ready
             to
             mutiny
             in
             the
             Army
             ,
             he
             was
             afraid
             to
             advance
             farther
             ,
             lest
             coming
             near
             Lysimachus
             ,
             a
             Macedonian
             King
             ,
             and
             of
             great
             Fame
             ,
             they
             should
             revolt
             to
             him
             .
             So
             returning
             ,
             he
             march'd
             directly
             against
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             as
             a
             Stranger
             and
             hated
             by
             the
             Macedonians
             ;
             while
             he
             lay
             encamp'd
             there
             by
             him
             ,
             many
             coming
             out
             of
             Beraea
             infinitely
             prais'd
             Pyrrhus
             as
             one
             invincible
             in
             Arms
             ,
             a
             very
             Illustrious
             Prince
             ,
             and
             treating
             those
             he
             had
             taken
             kindly
             and
             obligingly
             ;
             several
             of
             these
             Pyrrhus
             himself
             sent
             privately
             ,
             pretending
             themselves
             Lacedaemonians
             ,
             and
             saying
             ,
             now
             was
             the
             time
             to
             be
             deliver'd
             from
             the
             severe
             Government
             of
             Demetrius
             ,
             by
             coming
             over
             to
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             a
             gracious
             Prince
             ,
             and
             a
             lover
             of
             Soldiers
             :
             By
             this
             Artifice
             a
             great
             part
             of
             the
             Army
             was
             mov'd
             ,
             and
             looking
             every
             
             way
             about
             ,
             sought
             for
             Pyrrhus
             .
             It
             hapn'd
             he
             was
             without
             his
             Helmet
             ,
             till
             understanding
             they
             did
             not
             know
             him
             ,
             he
             put
             it
             on
             again
             ,
             and
             so
             was
             quickly
             remark'd
             by
             his
             lofty
             Crest
             ,
             and
             the
             Goat's
             horns
             he
             wore
             upon
             it
             ;
             Then
             the
             Macedonians
             running
             to
             him
             ,
             desir'd
             the
             Word
             ,
             others
             clap'd
             Oaken
             boughs
             upon
             their
             Heads
             ,
             because
             they
             saw
             them
             worn
             by
             the
             Soldiers
             about
             him
             .
             Some
             took
             the
             confidence
             to
             say
             to
             Demetrins
             himself
             ,
             that
             he
             would
             be
             well
             
             advis'd
             to
             withdraw
             ,
             and
             lay
             down
             the
             Government
             .
             And
             he
             indeed
             finding
             the
             Mutinous
             humour
             of
             the
             Army
             agreeable
             to
             that
             sort
             of
             Discourse
             ,
             privately
             got
             away
             disguis'd
             in
             an
             old
             Hat
             ,
             and
             a
             common
             
             red
             Coat
             .
             So
             Pyrrhus
             became
             Master
             of
             the
             Army
             without
             fighting
             ,
             and
             was
             declar'd
             King
             of
             the
             Macedonians
             .
             But
             Lysimachus
             now
             arriving
             ,
             and
             affirming
             the
             defeat
             of
             Demetrius
             ,
             was
             in
             common
             perform'd
             by
             both
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Kingdom
             ought
             to
             be
             shar'd
             between
             them
             ,
             Pyrrhus
             not
             extremely
             assur'd
             of
             the
             Macedonians
             ,
             and
             in
             doubt
             of
             their
             Faith
             ,
             consented
             to
             the
             Proposition
             of
             Lysimachus
             ,
             and
             divided
             the
             Country
             and
             Cities
             between
             them
             accordingly
             .
             This
             was
             for
             the
             present
             useful
             ,
             and
             prevented
             a
             War
             ;
             but
             shortly
             after
             they
             found
             the
             partition
             not
             so
             much
             an
             avoydance
             of
             dissatisfactions
             ,
             as
             an
             occasion
             of
             more
             Complaint
             and
             Difference
             .
             For
             to
             
             such
             whose
             Ambition
             neither
             Seas
             nor
             Mountains
             ,
             nor
             the
             forsaken
             Deserts
             can
             limit
             ,
             nor
             the
             bounds
             dividing
             Europe
             from
             Asia
             ,
             confine
             their
             vast
             desires
             ;
             't
             is
             hard
             to
             say
             how
             they
             should
             forbear
             injuring
             one
             another
             ,
             when
             they
             touch
             ,
             and
             are
             close
             together
             .
             These
             are
             ever
             naturally
             in
             War
             ,
             envying
             and
             seeking
             advantages
             of
             one
             another
             ;
             They
             make
             use
             of
             those
             two
             Words
             ,
             Peace
             and
             War
             ,
             as
             of
             Money
             ,
             not
             so
             much
             
             guided
             by
             Justice
             ,
             as
             when
             it
             falls
             out
             to
             be
             for
             their
             Interest
             ,
             and
             are
             really
             better
             men
             when
             they
             openly
             enter
             on
             a
             War
             ,
             than
             when
             they
             give
             to
             the
             meer
             forbearance
             of
             doing
             wrong
             only
             for
             want
             of
             opportunity
             ,
             the
             sacred
             Names
             of
             Justice
             and
             Friendship
             .
             Pyrrhus
             was
             an
             instance
             of
             this
             ,
             for
             setting
             himself
             against
             the
             rise
             of
             Demetrius
             again
             ,
             and
             endeavouring
             to
             hinder
             the
             recovery
             of
             his
             Power
             ,
             as
             it
             were
             from
             a
             kind
             of
             Sickness
             ,
             assisted
             the
             Greeks
             ,
             and
             came
             to
             Athens
             ,
             where
             having
             ascended
             the
             Acropolis
             ,
             and
             offer'd
             Sacrifice
             to
             the
             Goddess
             ,
             and
             the
             same
             day
             came
             down
             again
             ,
             told
             the
             Athenians
             he
             was
             much
             pleas'd
             with
             their
             kindness
             ,
             and
             the
             confidence
             they
             had
             of
             him
             ;
             but
             if
             they
             were
             wise
             ,
             advis'd
             them
             never
             to
             let
             any
             King
             come
             
             thither
             again
             ,
             or
             open
             their
             City
             Gates
             to
             him
             ;
             he
             concluded
             also
             a
             Peace
             with
             Demetrius
             ,
             but
             a
             little
             after
             he
             was
             gone
             into
             Asia
             ,
             at
             the
             perswasion
             of
             Lysimachus
             tampper'd
             with
             the
             Thessalians
             to
             revolt
             ,
             and
             besieg
             ▪
             d
             his
             Cities
             in
             Greece
             ;
             finding
             he
             could
             make
             better
             use
             of
             the
             Macedonians
             in
             War
             than
             in
             Peace
             ,
             and
             being
             of
             his
             own
             Inclination
             not
             much
             given
             to
             rest
             ;
             at
             last
             having
             routed
             Demetrius
             in
             
               Lycia
               ,
               Lysimachus
            
             who
             had
             secur'd
             his
             Affairs
             ,
             and
             nothing
             to
             do
             ,
             immediately
             turn'd
             his
             Forces
             upon
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             who
             was
             in
             Quarters
             at
             
             Edessa
             ,
             and
             falling
             upon
             and
             seizing
             his
             Convoy
             of
             Provisions
             ,
             brought
             first
             a
             great
             Scarcity
             into
             the
             Army
             ,
             then
             partly
             by
             Letters
             ,
             partly
             by
             spreading
             Rumours
             abroad
             ,
             he
             corrupted
             the
             principal
             Officers
             of
             the
             Macedonians
             ,
             reproaching
             them
             they
             had
             made
             on
             their
             Master
             who
             was
             both
             a
             Stranger
             ,
             and
             descended
             from
             those
             who
             
             had
             ever
             been
             Servants
             to
             the
             Macedonians
             ,
             and
             thrust
             the
             old
             Friends
             and
             Families
             of
             Alexander
             out
             of
             the
             Country
             :
             The
             Macedonian
             Soldiers
             being
             much
             prevail'd
             upon
             ,
             Pyrrhus
             withdrew
             himself
             with
             his
             Epirots
             and
             Auxiliary
             Forces
             ,
             relinquishing
             Macedon
             just
             after
             the
             same
             manner
             he
             took
             it
             :
             Thus
             Kings
             have
             no
             reason
             to
             condemn
             the
             People
             changing
             for
             their
             Interest
             ,
             who
             in
             that
             do
             but
             imitate
             them
             ,
             as
             the
             great
             Instructors
             of
             Unfaithfulness
             and
             Treachery
             ;
             holding
             him
             the
             bravest
             that
             makes
             the
             least
             Account
             of
             being
             an
             honest
             man.
             Pyrrhus
             having
             thus
             retir'd
             into
             Epirus
             ,
             and
             left
             Macedon
             ,
             Fortune
             gave
             him
             a
             fair
             occasion
             of
             enjoying
             himself
             in
             quiet
             ,
             and
             peaceably
             governing
             his
             own
             Subjects
             ;
             but
             he
             who
             thought
             it
             a
             
             nauseous
             Course
             of
             Life
             ,
             not
             to
             be
             doing
             mischief
             to
             others
             ,
             or
             receiving
             some
             from
             them
             ,
             as
             Achilles
             could
             not
             endure
             repose
             ,
          
           
           
             
               —
               But
               languish'd
               there
               ,
            
             
               When
               left
               alone
               ,
               desiring
               Noise
               and
               War
               ,
            
          
           
             serv'd
             his
             inclination
             of
             this
             pretence
             of
             new
             business
             .
             The
             Romans
             were
             in
             War
             with
             the
             Tarentines
             ,
             who
             not
             able
             to
             go
             on
             with
             the
             War
             ,
             nor
             yet
             give
             it
             over
             ,
             by
             
             reason
             of
             the
             bold
             and
             ill
             advis'd
             Harangues
             of
             Popular
             men
             ,
             desir'd
             to
             make
             Pyrrhus
             their
             General
             ,
             and
             ingage
             him
             in
             this
             War
             ,
             as
             of
             all
             the
             Neighbouring
             Kings
             the
             most
             at
             leisure
             ,
             and
             the
             greatest
             Souldier
             .
             The
             more
             grave
             and
             discreet
             Citizens
             opposing
             these
             Counsels
             ,
             were
             run
             down
             by
             the
             noise
             and
             violence
             of
             the
             Multitude
             ;
             which
             when
             they
             saw
             ,
             they
             came
             no
             more
             into
             the
             Assemblies
             ;
             only
             one
             Meton
             a
             very
             sober
             man
             ,
             the
             day
             this
             Publick
             Decree
             was
             to
             be
             ratifi'd
             ,
             and
             the
             People
             all
             plac'd
             ;
             like
             one
             quite
             drunk
             ,
             with
             a
             wither'd
             Garland
             and
             a
             Torch
             in
             his
             hand
             ,
             and
             a
             Woman
             playing
             on
             a
             Flagellet
             before
             him
             ,
             came
             dancing
             into
             the
             Assembly
             ;
             and
             as
             in
             great
             Multitudes
             met
             at
             such
             popular
             Assemblies
             ,
             no
             decorum
             can
             be
             well
             observ'd
             ;
             some
             clap'd
             him
             up
             ,
             others
             laught
             ,
             none
             forbid
             him
             ,
             but
             call'd
             to
             the
             Woman
             to
             play
             ,
             and
             him
             to
             sing
             to
             the
             Company
             ,
             and
             when
             they
             thought
             they
             went
             about
             it
             ;
             'T
             is
             very
             well
             done
             of
             you
             
             (
             says
             he
             )
             Tarentines
             ,
             not
             to
             hinder
             any
             from
             making
             themselves
             merry
             that
             have
             a
             mind
             to
             it
             ,
             while
             it
             is
             yet
             in
             your
             power
             ,
             and
             if
             you
             are
             wise
             you
             will
             still
             keep
             and
             enjoy
             this
             Freedom
             ,
             for
             you
             must
             change
             your
             course
             of
             Live
             ,
             and
             eat
             other
             Diet
             when
             Pyrrhus
             comes
             to
             Town
             .
             These
             words
             made
             a
             strange
             impression
             upon
             many
             of
             the
             Tarentines
             ,
             and
             a
             confus'd
             Murmur
             went
             about
             ,
             that
             he
             had
             spoke
             much
             to
             the
             purpose
             ;
             but
             some
             who
             fear'd
             they
             should
             be
             sacrific'd
             if
             a
             Peace
             were
             made
             with
             the
             Romans
             ,
             revil'd
             the
             whole
             Assembly
             for
             so
             tamely
             suffering
             themselves
             to
             be
             abus'd
             by
             a
             lewd
             drunken
             Sot
             ,
             and
             crowding
             together
             upon
             Meton
             ,
             thrust
             him
             out
             ;
             so
             the
             Publick
             Order
             was
             pass'd
             ,
             and
             Ambassadors
             sent
             into
             Epirus
             ,
             not
             only
             in
             their
             own
             Names
             ,
             but
             of
             all
             the
             
               Italick
               Greeks
            
             ,
             carrying
             Presents
             to
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             and
             letting
             him
             know
             they
             wanted
             a
             General
             of
             Fame
             and
             experience
             ,
             that
             they
             could
             furnish
             him
             with
             very
             great
             Forces
             made
             up
             of
             
               Lucanians
               ,
               Messapians
               ,
               Samnites
            
             ,
             and
             Tarentines
             amounting
             to
             20000
             Horse
             ,
             and
             350000
             Foot
             :
             This
             did
             not
             only
             quicken
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             but
             rais'd
             an
             eager
             desire
             of
             this
             War
             in
             the
             Epirots
             .
             There
             was
             one
             Cineas
             a
             Thessalian
             ,
             a
             man
             in
             appearance
             of
             very
             good
             Sense
             ,
             a
             Disciple
             of
             the
             great
             Orator
             Demosthenes
             ,
             and
             of
             all
             who
             were
             in
             
             the
             highest
             Fame
             at
             that
             time
             for
             speaking
             well
             ,
             seem'd
             as
             in
             a
             Picture
             ,
             to
             revive
             most
             in
             the
             minds
             of
             the
             Audience
             the
             memory
             of
             his
             huge
             force
             and
             vigour
             of
             Eloquence
             ,
             and
             being
             always
             about
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             and
             by
             him
             imploy'd
             to
             several
             Cities
             ,
             confirm'd
             that
             of
             Euripides
             ,
          
           
             
               —
               That
               force
               of
               Weighty
               Words
            
             
               Can
               out
               do
               all
               that
               's
               done
               by
               conquering
               Swords
               .
            
          
           
             And
             Pyrrhus
             was
             us'd
             to
             say
             ,
             that
             Cineas
             had
             taken
             more
             Towns
             with
             his
             Words
             ,
             
             than
             he
             with
             his
             Arms
             ,
             and
             always
             did
             him
             the
             honour
             to
             use
             him
             in
             his
             most
             important
             occasions
             :
             This
             Person
             seeing
             Pyrrhus
             with
             all
             diligence
             preparing
             for
             Italy
             ,
             entertain'd
             him
             one
             day
             at
             leisure
             with
             this
             kind
             of
             discourse
             :
             The
             Romans
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             are
             reported
             to
             be
             great
             Warriours
             and
             Conquerors
             of
             many
             warlike
             Nations
             ;
             If
             God
             permit
             us
             to
             overcome
             them
             ,
             how
             should
             we
             use
             our
             Victory
             ?
             Thou
             askest
             (
             said
             Pyrrhus
             )
             a
             thing
             of
             it self
             evident
             .
             
             The
             Romans
             once
             conquer'd
             ,
             there
             is
             neither
             Greek
             or
             Barbarous
             City
             will
             resist
             us
             ,
             but
             we
             shall
             presently
             be
             Masters
             of
             all
             Italy
             ,
             whose
             Greatness
             ,
             and
             Force
             ,
             and
             Strength
             it
             is
             more
             fit
             any
             should
             be
             ignorant
             of
             ,
             than
             your self
             .
             Cineas
             after
             a
             little
             Pause
             ,
             and
             having
             subdu'd
             Italy
             ,
             what
             shall
             we
             do
             next
             ?
             Pyrrhus
             not
             yet
             discovering
             his
             intention
             ;
             
             Sicily
             ,
             reply'd
             next
             he
             holds
             out
             her
             Arms
             to
             receive
             us
             ,
             a
             fortunate
             and
             populous
             Island
             ,
             and
             easie
             to
             be
             gain'd
             ;
             For
             since
             Agathocles
             left
             it
             ,
             Faction
             and
             Anarchy
             ,
             and
             the
             licentious
             humour
             of
             the
             Demagogues
             only
             prevails
             .
             You
             speak
             ,
             says
             Cineas
             ,
             what
             is
             hugely
             probable
             ,
             but
             shall
             the
             possession
             of
             Sicily
             put
             an
             end
             to
             the
             War
             ?
             God
             grant
             us
             (
             answer'd
             Pyrrhus
             )
             Victory
             and
             Success
             in
             that
             ,
             we
             will
             use
             those
             as
             fore-runners
             of
             greater
             things
             ,
             who
             can
             forbear
             Libya
             and
             Carthage
             then
             within
             reach
             ?
             which
             Agathocles
             even
             when
             forc'd
             to
             fly
             from
             Syracuse
             ,
             and
             passing
             the
             Sea
             only
             with
             a
             few
             Ships
             ,
             had
             almost
             surpriz'd
             .
             These
             Conquests
             once
             perfected
             ,
             will
             any
             deny
             ,
             even
             that
             Enemy
             who
             now
             pretends
             to
             despise
             us
             ,
             dare
             not
             make
             any
             further
             resistance
             ?
             None
             ,
             reply'd
             Cineas
             ,
             for
             then
             't
             is
             manifest
             we
             may
             with
             such
             mighty
             Forces
             regain
             Macedon
             ,
             and
             make
             an
             absolute
             Conquest
             of
             Greece
             ,
             and
             when
             all
             these
             are
             in
             our
             power
             ,
             what
             shall
             we
             do
             then
             ?
             Said
             Pyrrhus
             smiling
             ,
             we
             'll
             live
             at
             our
             ease
             ,
             my
             dear
             Friend
             ,
             and
             drink
             all
             day
             ,
             and
             divert
             our selves
             with
             pleasant
             discourse
             .
             When
             Cineas
             had
             lead
             Pyrrhus
             with
             this
             Argument
             to
             this
             Point
             :
             And
             what
             hinders
             us
             now
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             if
             we
             have
             a
             mind
             to
             be
             merry
             ,
             and
             entertain
             on
             another
             ?
             Since
             all
             things
             necessary
             for
             it
             are
             
             at
             hand
             without
             trouble
             ,
             to
             which
             through
             much
             bloud
             and
             great
             labour
             ,
             and
             infinite
             hazzards
             ,
             we
             design
             at
             last
             to
             arrive
             ?
             With
             this
             talk
             he
             rather
             afflicted
             Pyrrhus
             under
             the
             consideration
             of
             what
             happiness
             he
             lost
             ,
             than
             any
             way
             alter'd
             his
             purpose
             ,
             being
             unable
             to
             quit
             the
             hopes
             of
             what
             he
             so
             much
             desir'd
             .
             And
             first
             ,
             he
             sent
             away
             Cineas
             to
             the
             Tarentines
             with
             3000
             men
             ;
             presently
             after
             ,
             many
             Vessels
             for
             Transportation
             of
             Horse
             ,
             Galleys
             ,
             and
             flat
             bottom'd
             Boats
             of
             all
             sorts
             arriving
             from
             Tarentum
             ,
             he
             ship'd
             upon
             them
             20
             Elephants
             ,
             3000
             Horse
             ,
             20000
             Foot
             ,
             2000
             Archers
             ,
             and
             500
             Slingers
             :
             All
             thus
             in
             readiness
             he
             set
             Sayl
             ,
             
             and
             being
             half
             Seas
             over
             ,
             was
             driven
             with
             the
             Winds
             blowing
             hard
             at
             Nore
             (
             contrary
             to
             the
             Season
             of
             the
             Year
             )
             and
             forc'd
             to
             Leeward
             ;
             but
             by
             the
             great
             skill
             and
             resolution
             of
             his
             Officers
             and
             Seamen
             he
             bore
             with
             the
             Land
             ,
             and
             kept
             the
             Italian
             Shore
             with
             infinite
             Labour
             ,
             and
             beyond
             Expectation
             ;
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Fleet
             could
             not
             get
             up
             ,
             and
             some
             of
             the
             dispers'd
             Ships
             being
             beaten
             off
             from
             the
             Coast
             of
             Italy
             ,
             were
             driven
             into
             the
             Libyan
             and
             Cicilian
             Sea
             ;
             others
             not
             able
             to
             double
             the
             Cape
             of
             Japygium
             ,
             were
             overtaken
             by
             the
             Night
             ,
             and
             a
             very
             boysterous
             and
             grown
             Sea
             ,
             throwing
             them
             upon
             a
             dangerous
             and
             rocky
             Shore
             ,
             they
             were
             all
             very
             much
             disabled
             ,
             except
             the
             
             Admiral
             ;
             and
             she
             while
             the
             Sea
             bore
             upon
             her
             Sides
             ,
             resisted
             with
             her
             Bulk
             and
             Strength
             ,
             and
             avoided
             the
             force
             of
             it
             ,
             till
             the
             wind
             coming
             about
             ,
             blew
             directly
             in
             their
             Teeth
             from
             the
             Shore
             ,
             and
             the
             Vessel
             keeping
             up
             with
             her
             Head
             against
             it
             ,
             was
             in
             danger
             of
             opening
             by
             the
             raking
             of
             the
             Sea
             over
             her
             ;
             on
             the
             other
             hand
             to
             suffer
             themselves
             to
             be
             driven
             off
             to
             Sea
             again
             ,
             which
             was
             very
             raging
             and
             tempestuous
             ,
             and
             the
             Wind
             shifting
             about
             every
             way
             ,
             seem'd
             to
             them
             the
             most
             dreadfull
             of
             all
             their
             present
             Evils
             .
             Pyrrhus
             rising
             up
             threw
             himself
             over
             board
             ,
             and
             his
             Friends
             and
             Guards
             strove
             eagerly
             who
             should
             be
             most
             ready
             to
             help
             him
             ,
             but
             Night
             and
             the
             Sea
             with
             its
             mighty
             roaring
             and
             breaking
             off
             again
             from
             the
             Shore
             made
             it
             extream
             difficult
             
             to
             save
             him
             ;
             so
             that
             hardly
             by
             day-light
             the
             Wind
             being
             quite
             laid
             he
             got
             a
             ▪
             Shore
             almost
             breathless
             ,
             and
             indeed
             hugely
             weak'ned
             in
             Body
             ,
             but
             with
             high
             courage
             and
             strength
             of
             Mind
             resisting
             his
             hard
             Fortune
             ;
             the
             Massapians
             ,
             upon
             whose
             Shore
             they
             were
             thrown
             by
             the
             Tempest
             ,
             run
             with
             all
             diligence
             to
             help
             them
             in
             the
             best
             manner
             they
             could
             ,
             and
             met
             with
             some
             of
             the
             straggling
             Vessels
             that
             had
             escap'd
             the
             Storm
             ;
             in
             which
             were
             a
             very
             few
             Horse
             ,
             and
             not
             quite
             2000
             Foot
             ,
             and
             two
             Elephants
             ;
             with
             these
             Pyrrhus
             march'd
             streight
             
             to
             Tarentum
             ,
             and
             Cineas
             being
             inform'd
             of
             his
             Arrival
             ,
             drew
             out
             his
             Forces
             to
             meet
             him
             ;
             when
             he
             enter'd
             the
             Town
             ,
             he
             did
             nothing
             unpleasing
             to
             the
             Tarentines
             ,
             nor
             put
             any
             force
             upon
             them
             ,
             till
             his
             Ships
             were
             all
             in
             Harbour
             ,
             and
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             the
             Army
             got
             together
             ;
             then
             considering
             the
             People
             as
             neither
             able
             to
             preserve
             themselves
             nor
             secure
             others
             ,
             unless
             they
             were
             necessiated
             to
             it
             ,
             and
             intending
             ,
             while
             he
             engaged
             for
             them
             in
             the
             Field
             ,
             to
             remain
             at
             home
             bathing
             and
             feasting
             themselves
             ;
             
             he
             first
             shut
             up
             the
             Places
             of
             Publick
             Exercise
             ,
             and
             their
             Walks
             ,
             where
             vainly
             solicitous
             they
             fought
             for
             their
             Country
             only
             in
             discourse
             of
             Wars
             ;
             he
             prohibited
             likewise
             all
             Solemn
             Festivals
             ,
             Revels
             and
             Jollities
             as
             unseasonable
             ,
             and
             call'd
             them
             to
             Arms
             ,
             being
             most
             severe
             and
             inflexible
             in
             Listing
             men
             fit
             for
             Action
             and
             Service
             .
             Upon
             which
             many
             left
             the
             Town
             ,
             unaccustomed
             to
             such
             a
             Discipline
             ,
             calling
             it
             mere
             Slavery
             not
             to
             live
             in
             Pleasures
             .
             He
             now
             received
             Intelligence
             that
             Levinus
             the
             Roman
             Consul
             was
             upon
             his
             March
             with
             a
             great
             Army
             ,
             and
             plundering
             Lucania
             as
             he
             went.
             The
             Confederate
             Forces
             were
             not
             come
             up
             to
             him
             ,
             yet
             he
             thought
             it
             very
             indecent
             to
             suffer
             so
             near
             an
             approach
             of
             an
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             neglect
             it
             ;
             and
             drew
             out
             with
             his
             Army
             ,
             but
             first
             sent
             an
             Herald
             to
             the
             Romans
             to
             
             know
             if
             before
             the
             War
             they
             would
             decide
             the
             differences
             between
             them
             and
             the
             Italicks
             by
             a
             course
             of
             Justice
             ,
             and
             make
             use
             of
             his
             Mediation
             to
             determine
             them
             ;
             but
             Levinus
             returning
             Answer
             ,
             that
             the
             Romans
             neither
             accepted
             him
             as
             Arbitrator
             ,
             nor
             fear'd
             him
             as
             an
             Enemy
             ,
             Pyrrhus
             advanc'd
             ,
             and
             Encamp'd
             in
             the
             Plain
             between
             the
             Cities
             of
             Pandosia
             and
             Heracléa
             ,
             and
             having
             notice
             the
             Romans
             were
             near
             ,
             and
             lay
             on
             the
             other
             side
             of
             the
             River
             Lyris
             ,
             he
             rode
             up
             to
             take
             a
             view
             of
             them
             ,
             and
             seeing
             
             the
             Order
             ,
             the
             appointment
             of
             the
             Watches
             ,
             the
             Excellent
             Form
             ,
             and
             ,
             in
             a
             word
             ,
             the
             whole
             Scheme
             of
             their
             Encampment
             ,
             he
             was
             amaz'd
             ,
             and
             calling
             one
             of
             his
             Friends
             next
             to
             him
             ;
             This
             Order
             ,
             says
             he
             ,
             Megacles
             ,
             of
             a
             Barbarous
             Nation
             ,
             is
             not
             at
             all
             Barbarous
             ,
             we
             shall
             see
             afterward
             what
             they
             can
             do
             ;
             and
             growing
             a
             little
             more
             thoughtful
             of
             the
             Event
             ,
             resolv'd
             to
             expect
             the
             arriving
             of
             the
             Confederate
             Troops
             .
             And
             to
             hinder
             the
             Romans
             (
             if
             in
             the
             mean
             time
             they
             should
             endeavour
             to
             pass
             the
             River
             )
             he
             planted
             men
             all
             along
             the
             Bank
             to
             oppose
             them
             ,
             but
             they
             hast'ning
             to
             prevent
             the
             coming
             up
             of
             those
             Forces
             he
             look'd
             for
             ,
             attempted
             the
             Passage
             with
             their
             Infantry
             ,
             where
             it
             was
             fordable
             ,
             the
             Horse
             getting
             over
             in
             several
             places
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             Greeks
             fearing
             to
             be
             surrounded
             ,
             were
             oblig'd
             
             to
             retreat
             ;
             which
             Pyrrhus
             understanding
             was
             hugely
             surpriz'd
             ,
             and
             commanded
             his
             Foot
             Officers
             to
             range
             their
             men
             in
             Battalia
             ,
             and
             continue
             in
             Arms
             ,
             himself
             with
             3000
             Horse
             advanc'd
             ,
             hoping
             to
             attack
             the
             Romans
             as
             they
             were
             coming
             over
             ,
             scatter'd
             and
             disorder'd
             ;
             but
             when
             he
             saw
             a
             vast
             number
             of
             Shields
             appearing
             above
             the
             water
             ,
             and
             the
             Horse
             following
             them
             in
             good
             order
             ,
             drawing
             up
             his
             men
             in
             a
             closer
             Body
             ,
             himself
             in
             the
             Head
             of
             them
             began
             the
             Charge
             ;
             he
             was
             very
             remarkable
             
             by
             the
             bravery
             and
             Glistering
             of
             his
             Arms
             ,
             which
             were
             exceeding
             rich
             ,
             but
             more
             by
             the
             things
             he
             did
             there
             ,
             which
             gave
             signal
             proof
             that
             his
             Fame
             had
             not
             out-gone
             what
             he
             was
             able
             effectually
             to
             perform
             ;
             but
             especially
             when
             exposing
             his
             hands
             and
             Body
             to
             the
             Fight
             ,
             he
             bravely
             
             repell'd
             all
             that
             engag'd
             him
             ,
             managing
             the
             Battel
             with
             a
             steady
             and
             undisturb'd
             Reason
             ,
             and
             such
             a
             presence
             of
             mind
             ,
             as
             if
             he
             had
             been
             quite
             out
             of
             any
             Action
             himself
             ,
             flying
             from
             place
             to
             place
             ,
             and
             assisting
             those
             whom
             he
             thought
             most
             oppress'd
             by
             the
             Enemy
             .
             Here
             Leonatus
             a
             Macedonian
             ,
             observing
             one
             of
             the
             Italians
             very
             intent
             upon
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             riding
             up
             towards
             him
             ,
             and
             changing
             places
             as
             he
             did
             ,
             and
             moving
             as
             he
             mov'd
             :
             Do
             you
             see
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             said
             he
             ,
             that
             Barbarian
             on
             the
             black
             Horse
             with
             white
             
             feet
             ?
             he
             seems
             to
             me
             one
             that
             designs
             some
             great
             and
             dangerous
             thing
             ;
             he
             looks
             constantly
             at
             you
             ,
             attends
             on
             you
             only
             full
             of
             Fury
             and
             Violence
             ,
             and
             takes
             no
             notice
             of
             others
             ;
             Good
             Sir
             ,
             have
             a
             care
             of
             that
             Fellow
             .
             Leonatus
             ,
             said
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             it
             is
             impossible
             for
             any
             man
             to
             avoid
             his
             Fate
             ;
             but
             neither
             he
             nor
             any
             other
             Italian
             shall
             have
             much
             satisfaction
             in
             ingaging
             with
             me
             .
             While
             they
             were
             in
             this
             discourse
             ,
             the
             Italian
             placing
             his
             Spear
             and
             quickning
             his
             Horse
             rid
             furiously
             at
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             and
             run
             his
             Horse
             through
             with
             his
             Launce
             ;
             at
             the
             same
             Instance
             Leonatus
             ran
             his
             through
             ,
             both
             Horses
             falling
             .
             Pyrrhus
             his
             Friends
             surrounded
             him
             and
             brought
             him
             off
             safe
             ,
             and
             kill'd
             the
             Italian
             ,
             bravely
             defending
             himself
             .
             He
             was
             by
             Birth
             a
             Tarentine
             ;
             Captain
             of
             a
             Troop
             ,
             and
             nam'd
             Oplacus
             .
             This
             made
             Pyrrhus
             use
             greater
             caution
             ,
             and
             now
             seeing
             his
             Horse
             give
             Ground
             ,
             he
             brought
             up
             the
             Infantry
             and
             rang'd
             them
             in
             order
             ,
             and
             then
             changing
             his
             Robe
             and
             his
             Arms
             with
             Megacles
             one
             of
             his
             Friends
             ,
             and
             obscuring
             as
             it
             were
             himself
             in
             his
             ,
             charg'd
             upon
             the
             Romans
             ,
             who
             receiv'd
             and
             engag'd
             him
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             while
             the
             Success
             of
             the
             Battle
             remain'd
             undetermin'd
             ;
             and
             't
             is
             said
             there
             were
             seven
             Turns
             of
             Fortune
             both
             of
             pursuing
             and
             being
             pursu'd
             :
             This
             change
             of
             his
             Arms
             was
             very
             
             opportune
             for
             the
             safety
             of
             his
             Person
             ,
             but
             had
             like
             to
             have
             overthrown
             his
             Affairs
             ,
             and
             lost
             him
             the
             Victory
             ;
             for
             several
             falling
             upon
             Megacles
             ,
             the
             first
             that
             gave
             him
             his
             mortal
             wound
             was
             one
             Dexter
             ,
             who
             snatching
             away
             his
             Helmet
             and
             his
             Robe
             ,
             rid
             presently
             to
             Levinus
             ,
             holding
             them
             up
             ,
             and
             saying
             aloud
             he
             had
             kill'd
             Pyrrhus
             .
             These
             Spoils
             being
             carried
             about
             ,
             and
             shown
             among
             the
             particular
             Ranks
             ,
             the
             Romans
             were
             transported
             with
             Joy
             ,
             and
             gave
             a
             huge
             Shout
             ,
             but
             mightily
             discouraged
             and
             terrified
             the
             
               Greeks
               .
               Pyrrhus
            
             understanding
             what
             had
             hap'ned
             ,
             rid
             about
             the
             Army
             with
             his
             face
             bare
             ,
             stretching
             out
             his
             hand
             to
             his
             Souldiers
             ,
             and
             telling
             them
             aloud
             it
             was
             He.
             At
             last
             the
             Elephants
             principally
             distress'd
             the
             Romans
             ,
             their
             Horses
             ,
             before
             they
             came
             near
             ,
             not
             enduring
             them
             ,
             went
             back
             with
             their
             Riders
             ;
             upon
             which
             he
             commanded
             the
             Thessalian
             Cavalry
             to
             charge
             them
             in
             this
             disorder
             ,
             and
             gave
             
             them
             a
             total
             rout
             with
             great
             effusion
             of
             Bloud
             .
             Dionysius
             affirms
             near
             15000
             fell
             of
             the
             
               Romans
               .
               Hieronymus
            
             ,
             no
             more
             than
             7000.
             
             On
             
             Pyrrhus's
             side
             ,
             the
             same
             Dionysius
             makes
             13000
             slain
             ,
             the
             other
             under
             3000
             ;
             but
             they
             were
             the
             flower
             of
             his
             men
             ,
             as
             well
             of
             his
             particular
             Friends
             as
             Officers
             in
             whom
             he
             always
             most
             confided
             ,
             and
             made
             use
             of
             in
             greatest
             occasions
             :
             Beside
             ,
             he
             possess'd
             himself
             of
             the
             
             Romans
             Camp
             which
             they
             deserted
             ,
             and
             drew
             off
             several
             Confederate
             Cities
             ,
             and
             wasted
             the
             Country
             round
             about
             ,
             and
             advanc'd
             so
             far
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             within
             about
             37
             Miles
             of
             Rome
             it self
             .
             After
             the
             Fight
             many
             of
             the
             Lucanes
             and
             Samnites
             came
             in
             and
             join'd
             him
             ,
             he
             chid
             them
             for
             their
             delay
             ,
             and
             appear'd
             extreamly
             satisfi'd
             and
             rais'd
             in
             his
             thoughts
             that
             he
             had
             defeated
             so
             great
             an
             Army
             of
             the
             Romans
             with
             the
             assistance
             of
             the
             Tarentines
             alone
             .
             But
             the
             Romans
             did
             not
             remove
             Levinus
             from
             the
             Consulship
             ,
             (
             it
             being
             reported
             
               Caius
               Fabritius
            
             should
             say
             ,
             That
             the
             Epirots
             had
             not
             overcome
             the
             Romans
             ,
             but
             Pyrrhus
             had
             only
             the
             better
             of
             Levinus
             :
             insinuating
             their
             loss
             was
             not
             through
             want
             of
             Valour
             ,
             but
             Conduct
             )
             but
             fill'd
             up
             their
             Legions
             ,
             and
             listed
             presently
             fresh
             men
             ,
             talking
             high
             and
             boldly
             of
             War
             ;
             which
             struck
             Pyrrhus
             
             with
             amazement
             .
             He
             thought
             it
             advisable
             ,
             by
             sending
             first
             to
             make
             an
             experiment
             ,
             whether
             they
             had
             any
             inclination
             to
             treat
             ,
             thinking
             that
             to
             take
             the
             City
             and
             make
             an
             absolute
             Conquest
             ,
             was
             no
             work
             for
             such
             an
             Army
             as
             his
             was
             at
             that
             time
             ,
             but
             to
             settle
             a
             Friendship
             and
             bring
             them
             to
             terms
             ,
             would
             be
             highly
             honourable
             after
             his
             Victory
             .
             Cineas
             was
             dispatch'd
             away
             ,
             and
             apply'd
             himself
             to
             several
             of
             the
             Great
             Ones
             ,
             with
             Presents
             for
             themselves
             and
             
             their
             Ladies
             from
             the
             King
             ;
             but
             not
             a
             Person
             
             would
             receive
             any
             ,
             and
             answer'd
             as
             well
             Men
             as
             Women
             ,
             That
             if
             any
             Agreement
             were
             publickly
             concluded
             ,
             they
             should
             be
             ready
             for
             their
             parts
             to
             express
             all
             Respect
             and
             Service
             to
             the
             King
             ;
             and
             Cineas
             discoursing
             with
             the
             Senate
             the
             most
             soft
             and
             obliging
             things
             in
             the
             World
             ,
             yet
             was
             not
             heard
             with
             kindness
             or
             inclination
             ,
             although
             Pyrrhus
             offer'd
             also
             to
             return
             all
             he
             had
             taken
             in
             the
             Fight
             without
             ransom
             ,
             and
             promising
             his
             assistance
             for
             the
             entire
             Conquest
             of
             all
             Italy
             ,
             asking
             for
             himself
             only
             their
             Friendship
             ,
             and
             Security
             for
             the
             Tarentines
             ,
             and
             nothing
             farther
             :
             Many
             seem'd
             well
             inclin'd
             to
             a
             Peace
             ,
             having
             already
             receiv'd
             one
             great
             Defeat
             ,
             and
             fearing
             another
             from
             an
             additional
             Force
             of
             the
             
               Italick
               Greeks
            
             joyning
             with
             Pyrrhus
             .
             Here
             
               Appius
               Claudius
            
             ,
             a
             man
             of
             great
             Honour
             ,
             
             but
             who
             in
             respect
             of
             his
             Age
             and
             want
             of
             Sight
             not
             intermedling
             with
             Affairs
             ,
             declin'd
             the
             fatigue
             of
             Publick
             Business
             :
             after
             these
             Propositions
             had
             been
             made
             by
             the
             King
             ,
             hearing
             a
             report
             that
             the
             Senate
             was
             ready
             to
             vote
             the
             Conditions
             of
             Peace
             ,
             could
             not
             forbear
             ,
             but
             commanding
             his
             Servants
             to
             take
             him
             up
             ,
             was
             carried
             ▪
             in
             his
             Chair
             through
             the
             Forum
             to
             the
             Senate
             House
             ;
             when
             he
             was
             set
             down
             at
             the
             door
             ,
             his
             Sons
             ,
             and
             Sons-in-law
             took
             him
             up
             in
             their
             
             Arms
             ,
             and
             going
             all
             close
             round
             about
             him
             ,
             brought
             him
             into
             the
             Senate
             :
             Out
             of
             reverence
             of
             so
             worthy
             a
             man
             ,
             the
             whole
             Assembly
             was
             respectfully
             silent
             ,
             and
             he
             a
             little
             after
             rising
             up
             himself
             ;
             I
             bore
             ,
             says
             he
             ,
             until
             this
             time
             the
             misfortune
             of
             my
             Eyes
             with
             some
             impatience
             ,
             but
             now
             having
             heard
             of
             those
             unhandsome
             Debates
             and
             Resolves
             of
             yours
             ,
             and
             so
             dishonourable
             to
             the
             Glory
             of
             Rome
             ;
             it
             is
             my
             great
             affliction
             ,
             that
             being
             already
             blind
             ,
             I
             am
             not
             deaf
             too
             :
             Where
             is
             now
             that
             Discourse
             ,
             of
             yours
             that
             has
             made
             such
             a
             noise
             in
             the
             World
             ,
             that
             if
             He
             had
             come
             into
             Italy
             ,
             the
             Great
             Alexander
             ,
             and
             dar'd
             to
             attack
             us
             when
             we
             were
             young
             men
             ,
             or
             our
             Fathers
             ,
             who
             were
             then
             flourishing
             ,
             he
             had
             not
             now
             been
             celebrated
             Invincible
             ,
             but
             either
             flying
             hence
             ,
             or
             falling
             here
             ,
             had
             left
             Rome
             more
             Glorious
             ?
             You
             demonstrate
             now
             all
             that
             was
             but
             foolish
             Arrogance
             and
             Vanity
             by
             your
             fears
             of
             the
             Molossians
             and
             Chaonians
             ,
             ever
             the
             Macedonian's
             Prey
             ,
             and
             trembling
             at
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             who
             was
             himself
             but
             an
             humble
             Servant
             to
             one
             of
             
             Alexander's
             Life-guard
             ;
             and
             here
             ,
             not
             so
             much
             to
             assist
             the
             Greeks
             that
             inhabit
             among
             us
             ,
             as
             flying
             from
             his
             Enemies
             at
             home
             ,
             he
             ranges
             about
             Italy
             ,
             and
             dares
             promise
             you
             the
             Conquest
             of
             it
             all
             by
             that
             Army
             which
             has
             not
             been
             able
             to
             preserve
             for
             him
             a
             little
             part
             of
             Macedon
             :
             
             And
             do
             not
             perswade
             your selves
             ,
             that
             making
             him
             your
             Friend
             is
             the
             way
             to
             be
             rid
             of
             him
             ,
             but
             to
             bring
             more
             Forces
             over
             ,
             contemning
             you
             as
             easie
             to
             be
             reduc'd
             ,
             if
             Pyrrhus
             goes
             off
             without
             doing
             you
             reason
             for
             the
             Affront
             he
             has
             put
             upon
             you
             ;
             nay
             ,
             receiving
             also
             this
             reward
             ,
             of
             having
             render'd
             even
             the
             Tarentines
             and
             Samnites
             capable
             of
             laughing
             at
             the
             Romans
             .
             When
             Appius
             had
             done
             ,
             every
             man
             
             was
             eager
             for
             War
             ,
             and
             Cineas
             dismiss'd
             with
             this
             Answer
             ,
             That
             when
             Pyrrhus
             had
             drawn
             his
             Forces
             out
             of
             Italy
             ,
             then
             if
             he
             pleas'd
             ,
             they
             would
             treat
             with
             him
             about
             Friendship
             and
             Alliance
             ,
             but
             while
             he
             staid
             there
             in
             Arms
             ,
             they
             were
             resolv'd
             to
             prosecute
             the
             War
             against
             him
             with
             all
             their
             Force
             ,
             though
             he
             should
             have
             defeated
             1000
             Levinus's
             .
             'T
             is
             said
             ,
             that
             Cineas
             while
             he
             was
             managing
             this
             Affair
             ,
             made
             it
             his
             Business
             ,
             with
             an
             exact
             Care
             to
             inspect
             the
             manners
             of
             the
             Romans
             ,
             and
             perfectly
             understand
             their
             Methods
             of
             Government
             .
             Afterwards
             in
             discourse
             with
             the
             Grandees
             of
             the
             Court
             ,
             he
             told
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             among
             other
             things
             ,
             the
             Senate
             seem'd
             to
             
             him
             an
             Assembly
             of
             Kings
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             People
             ,
             he
             fear'd
             least
             they
             should
             〈◊〉
             thought
             to
             fight
             with
             the
             Hydra
             ,
             or
             Se●pent
             of
             
               Lerna
               fen
            
             ;
             for
             the
             Consul
             had
             already
             rais'd
             twice
             as
             great
             an
             Army
             as
             the
             
             former
             ,
             and
             there
             were
             a
             great
             many
             times
             over
             the
             same
             number
             of
             Romans
             able
             to
             bear
             Arms.
             Then
             
               Caius
               Fabritius
            
             
             came
             in
             Ambassy
             from
             the
             Romans
             to
             treat
             about
             the
             Prisoners
             that
             were
             taken
             ,
             one
             whom
             Cineas
             had
             reported
             to
             be
             a
             man
             of
             highest
             consideration
             among
             them
             for
             a
             right
             honest
             man
             and
             a
             great
             Soldier
             ,
             but
             extreamly
             poor
             .
             Pyrrhus
             receiv'd
             him
             with
             much
             Kindness
             ,
             and
             privately
             would
             have
             perswaded
             him
             to
             accept
             of
             his
             Gold
             ,
             not
             for
             any
             evil
             purpose
             ,
             but
             calling
             it
             an
             Argument
             
             of
             Respect
             and
             hospitable
             Civility
             ;
             upon
             
             Fabritius's
             refusal
             ,
             he
             press'd
             him
             no
             farther
             ,
             but
             the
             next
             day
             having
             a
             mind
             to
             discompose
             him
             ,
             who
             had
             never
             seen
             an
             Elephant
             before
             ,
             commanded
             one
             of
             the
             largest
             compleatly
             arm'd
             to
             be
             placed
             behind
             the
             Hangings
             ,
             as
             they
             were
             talking
             together
             ,
             which
             being
             done
             ,
             upon
             a
             Sign
             given
             ,
             the
             Hanging
             was
             drawn
             aside
             ,
             and
             the
             Elephant
             raising
             his
             Trunk
             over
             the
             head
             of
             Fabritius
             ,
             made
             an
             horrid
             and
             ugly
             noise
             ;
             He
             gently
             turning
             about
             and
             smiling
             ,
             said
             to
             Pyrrhus
             .
             Neither
             your
             Money
             yesterday
             ,
             nor
             this
             Beast
             to
             day
             make
             any
             Impression
             upon
             me
             .
             At
             Supper
             amongst
             〈◊〉
             sorts
             of
             things
             that
             were
             discours'd
             ,
             but
             more
             particularly
             of
             Greece
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             Philosophy
             there
             ,
             Cineas
             by
             accident
             had
             occasion
             to
             speak
             of
             Epicurus
             ,
             and
             explain'd
             
             what
             they
             held
             about
             the
             Gods
             and
             the
             Commonwealth
             ,
             placing
             the
             chief
             Happiness
             of
             Man
             in
             Pleasure
             ,
             and
             declining
             Publick
             Affairs
             as
             an
             Injury
             and
             Disturbance
             of
             an
             happy
             Life
             ;
             removing
             the
             Gods
             afar
             off
             both
             from
             Kindness
             or
             Anger
             ,
             or
             any
             Concern
             for
             us
             at
             all
             ,
             to
             a
             life
             wholly
             without
             Business
             and
             flowing
             in
             Pleasures
             .
             Before
             he
             had
             done
             speaking
             ,
             Fabritius
             cry'd
             out
             ,
             O
             Hercules
             !
             said
             he
             ,
             to
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             may
             Pyrrhus
             and
             the
             Samnites
             entertain
             themselves
             with
             this
             sort
             of
             Opinions
             as
             long
             as
             they
             are
             in
             War
             with
             us
             .
             Pyrrhus
             admiring
             the
             Wisdom
             and
             Gravity
             of
             
             the
             man
             ,
             was
             the
             more
             transported
             with
             desire
             of
             making
             Friendship
             instead
             of
             War
             with
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             apart
             intreated
             him
             ,
             after
             the
             Peace
             should
             be
             concluded
             ,
             to
             accept
             of
             living
             with
             him
             as
             his
             Chief
             Minister
             of
             State
             ,
             and
             Generalissimo
             of
             his
             Armies
             .
             Fabritius
             told
             him
             softly
             ,
             Sir
             ,
             this
             will
             not
             be
             for
             your
             advantage
             ,
             for
             they
             who
             now
             honour
             and
             admire
             you
             ,
             when
             they
             have
             had
             experience
             of
             me
             ,
             will
             rather
             chuse
             to
             be
             govern'd
             by
             me
             ,
             than
             by
             you
             ,
             so
             great
             a
             man
             was
             
               Fabritius
               .
               Pyrrhus
            
             heard
             him
             say
             this
             unmov'd
             ,
             and
             without
             any
             Tyrannick
             Passion
             ;
             nay
             ,
             among
             his
             Friends
             highly
             commended
             the
             great
             mind
             of
             Fabritius
             ;
             and
             Entrusted
             the
             Prisoners
             to
             him
             alone
             ,
             on
             Condition
             ,
             that
             if
             
             the
             Senate
             should
             not
             vote
             a
             Peace
             ,
             after
             they
             had
             convers'd
             with
             their
             Friends
             ,
             and
             celebrated
             the
             Festivals
             of
             Saturn
             ,
             they
             should
             be
             remanded
             ,
             and
             accordingly
             they
             were
             sent
             back
             after
             the
             Holy-days
             ;
             It
             being
             Decreed
             pain
             of
             death
             for
             any
             that
             stay'd
             behind
             .
             After
             this
             Fabritius
             taking
             the
             Consulate
             ,
             a
             Person
             came
             with
             a
             Letter
             to
             the
             Camp
             ,
             writ
             by
             the
             King
             's
             principal
             Physician
             ,
             offering
             to
             take
             off
             Pyrrhus
             by
             Poyson
             ,
             and
             so
             end
             the
             War
             without
             farther
             hazard
             to
             the
             Romans
             ,
             if
             he
             might
             have
             a
             Reward
             proportionable
             to
             his
             Service
             .
             Fabritius
             enrag'd
             at
             the
             Villainy
             
             of
             the
             man
             ,
             and
             disposing
             the
             other
             Consul
             to
             the
             same
             Opinion
             ,
             sent
             dispatches
             immediately
             to
             Pyrrhus
             to
             caution
             him
             against
             the
             Treason
             .
             His
             Letter
             was
             to
             this
             effect
             ;
             
               Caius
               Fabritius
            
             and
             
               Quintus
               Aemilius
            
             ,
             Consuls
             of
             the
             Romans
             ,
             to
             Pyrrhus
             the
             King
             ,
             Health
             .
             You
             seem
             to
             have
             made
             a
             very
             ill
             Judgment
             ,
             both
             of
             your
             Friends
             and
             Enemies
             .
             You
             will
             understand
             by
             reading
             this
             Letter
             sent
             to
             us
             ,
             That
             you
             are
             in
             War
             with
             honest
             men
             ,
             and
             trust
             Villains
             and
             Knaves
             ;
             we
             have
             not
             discover'd
             this
             to
             you
             to
             insinuate
             into
             your
             Favour
             ,
             but
             lest
             your
             ruine
             might
             bring
             a
             reproach
             upon
             us
             ,
             as
             if
             we
             had
             ended
             the
             War
             by
             treachery
             ,
             not
             as
             able
             to
             do
             it
             by
             force
             :
             When
             Pyrrhus
             had
             read
             the
             Letter
             ,
             and
             made
             
             strict
             Enquiry
             into
             the
             Treason
             ,
             he
             Executed
             the
             Physician
             ,
             and
             for
             acknowledgment
             of
             this
             Civility
             of
             the
             Romans
             ,
             sent
             to
             Rome
             the
             Prisoners
             without
             Ransom
             ,
             and
             again
             imploy'd
             Cineas
             to
             negotiate
             a
             Peace
             for
             him
             :
             but
             whether
             they
             believ'd
             it
             too
             great
             a
             kindness
             from
             an
             Enemy
             ,
             or
             two
             great
             a
             Reward
             of
             not
             doing
             an
             ill
             thing
             to
             accept
             their
             Prisoners
             so
             ,
             released
             to
             them
             as
             many
             of
             the
             Tarentines
             and
             Samnites
             ;
             but
             would
             admit
             of
             no
             debate
             of
             Alliance
             or
             Peace
             till
             he
             had
             removed
             his
             Arms
             and
             Forces
             out
             of
             Italy
             ,
             and
             sail'd
             back
             to
             Epirus
             in
             the
             same
             Ships
             that
             
             brought
             him
             over
             :
             After
             ,
             his
             Affairs
             bringing
             on
             a
             second
             Fight
             ,
             when
             he
             had
             refresh'd
             his
             men
             ,
             he
             decamp'd
             ,
             and
             meeting
             the
             Romans
             about
             the
             City
             Asculum
             ,
             being
             incommoded
             by
             a
             woody
             Country
             ,
             unfit
             for
             his
             Horse
             ,
             and
             a
             very
             swift
             Current
             of
             the
             River
             ,
             that
             the
             Elephants
             ,
             for
             want
             of
             sure
             treading
             ,
             could
             not
             get
             up
             with
             the
             Infantry
             :
             After
             many
             wounded
             and
             many
             killed
             ,
             the
             Night
             put
             an
             end
             to
             the
             Engagement
             ;
             next
             day
             designing
             to
             make
             the
             Fight
             on
             even
             Ground
             ,
             and
             have
             the
             Elephants
             among
             the
             thickest
             of
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             he
             caus'd
             a
             Detachment
             to
             possess
             themselves
             of
             those
             incommodious
             Grounds
             ,
             and
             mixing
             Slingers
             and
             Archers
             among
             the
             Elephants
             with
             great
             Courage
             
             and
             Fury
             ,
             he
             advanc'd
             in
             a
             close
             and
             well
             order'd
             Body
             ;
             and
             the
             Romans
             not
             having
             those
             advantages
             of
             retreating
             and
             falling
             on
             as
             they
             pleas'd
             ,
             which
             they
             had
             before
             ,
             were
             oblig'd
             to
             fight
             man
             to
             man
             upon
             plain
             Ground
             ,
             and
             hastning
             to
             disorder
             the
             main
             Battel
             before
             the
             Elephants
             could
             get
             up
             ,
             they
             made
             bloudy
             work
             with
             their
             Swords
             among
             the
             Macedonian
             Spears
             ,
             not
             sparing
             themselves
             in
             the
             least
             ;
             to
             wound
             and
             kill
             was
             all
             their
             thought
             ,
             without
             regard
             of
             what
             they
             suffer'd
             :
             after
             a
             long
             and
             obstinate
             Fight
             ,
             the
             first
             giving
             Ground
             is
             reported
             to
             have
             been
             where
             Pyrrhus
             himself
             engag'd
             with
             extraordinary
             Courage
             ;
             but
             they
             were
             most
             put
             to
             it
             by
             the
             mighty
             Force
             of
             the
             Elephants
             ,
             the
             Romans
             not
             being
             able
             to
             make
             use
             of
             their
             Valours
             ,
             but
             as
             it
             were
             overthrown
             by
             the
             irruption
             of
             a
             Sea
             or
             an
             Earthquake
             ,
             thinking
             it
             better
             to
             give
             way
             than
             die
             without
             doing
             any
             thing
             ,
             and
             not
             gain
             the
             least
             advantage
             by
             suffering
             the
             utmost
             Extremity
             ;
             the
             Retreat
             to
             their
             Camp
             not
             being
             far
             .
             Hieronymus
             says
             ,
             there
             died
             Six
             Thousand
             of
             the
             Romans
             ,
             of
             Pyrrhus
             his
             men
             ,
             the
             King
             's
             own
             Commentaries
             report
             3550
             lost
             in
             this
             Action
             .
             Dionysius
             of
             Halicarnasse
             neither
             gives
             an
             account
             of
             two
             Engagements
             at
             Asculum
             ,
             nor
             allows
             the
             Romans
             were
             certainly
             beaten
             ,
             and
             that
             once
             only
             after
             
             they
             had
             fought
             till
             Sun-set
             ,
             both
             Armies
             were
             unwillingly
             separated
             by
             the
             Night
             .
             Pyrrhus
             being
             wounded
             by
             a
             Javelin
             in
             the
             Arm
             ,
             and
             his
             Baggage
             plunder'd
             by
             the
             
             Samnites
             ,
             that
             in
             all
             there
             died
             of
             Pyrrhus
             his
             men
             and
             the
             Romans
             above
             15000
             ,
             and
             then
             both
             retreated
             .
             'T
             is
             said
             ,
             Pyrrhus
             reply'd
             to
             a
             Gentleman
             that
             gave
             him
             the
             Joy
             of
             his
             Victory
             ;
             That
             such
             another
             would
             utterly
             undo
             him
             ;
             for
             he
             had
             lost
             a
             great
             part
             of
             the
             Forces
             he
             brought
             with
             him
             ,
             and
             almost
             all
             his
             particular
             Friends
             and
             principal
             Commanders
             :
             There
             were
             no
             others
             there
             to
             make
             Recruits
             ,
             and
             he
             ▪
             saw
             the
             Confederates
             very
             slow
             in
             their
             motion
             .
             On
             the
             other
             hand
             ,
             as
             from
             a
             Fountain
             continually
             flowing
             out
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             the
             Roman
             Camp
             was
             quickly
             and
             plentifully
             filled
             up
             with
             fresh
             men
             ;
             not
             at
             all
             abating
             in
             Courage
             for
             the
             losses
             they
             sustain'd
             ,
             but
             even
             from
             their
             very
             anger
             gain'd
             new
             Force
             and
             Resolution
             to
             go
             on
             with
             the
             War.
             Among
             these
             difficulties
             he
             fell
             again
             into
             vain
             hopes
             and
             businesses
             that
             hugely
             distracted
             his
             Mind
             ;
             for
             at
             the
             same
             time
             some
             Persons
             arrived
             from
             Sicily
             ,
             offering
             into
             his
             hands
             the
             Cities
             of
             Agrigentum
             and
             Syracuse
             ,
             and
             that
             of
             the
             Leontines
             ,
             and
             begging
             his
             assistance
             to
             expulse
             the
             Carthaginians
             ,
             and
             rid
             the
             Island
             of
             Tyrants
             ;
             Others
             brought
             him
             News
             out
             
             of
             Greece
             ,
             that
             Ptolome
             call'd
             Ceraunus
             ,
             was
             slain
             in
             a
             Fight
             ,
             and
             his
             Army
             cut
             in
             pieces
             by
             the
             Gauls
             ,
             and
             that
             if
             he
             came
             now
             in
             time
             ,
             the
             Macedonians
             were
             at
             a
             great
             loss
             for
             a
             King.
             Here
             he
             began
             extreamly
             to
             accuse
             Fortune
             for
             bringing
             him
             so
             many
             occasions
             of
             great
             things
             all
             together
             at
             a
             time
             ,
             and
             considering
             that
             by
             grasping
             at
             both
             ,
             he
             should
             lose
             one
             of
             them
             ,
             was
             a
             
             long
             time
             balancing
             in
             his
             thoughts
             :
             But
             the
             Affairs
             of
             Sicily
             seeming
             to
             promise
             him
             matter
             of
             the
             greater
             business
             ,
             Africa
             lying
             so
             near
             ,
             he
             turn'd
             himself
             to
             them
             ,
             and
             presently
             dispatch'd
             away
             Cineas
             (
             as
             he
             used
             to
             do
             )
             to
             make
             Terms
             before-hand
             with
             the
             Cities
             .
             Then
             he
             plac'd
             a
             Garrison
             in
             Tarentum
             ,
             infinitely
             against
             their
             Wills
             ,
             and
             requiring
             him
             either
             to
             perform
             what
             he
             came
             for
             ,
             and
             continue
             with
             them
             in
             a
             War
             against
             the
             Romans
             ,
             or
             leave
             the
             City
             as
             he
             found
             it
             ,
             he
             return'd
             ▪
             no
             pleasing
             Answer
             ,
             but
             commanded
             them
             to
             be
             quiet
             and
             attend
             his
             time
             ,
             and
             so
             sail'd
             away
             .
             Being
             arriv'd
             in
             Sicily
             ,
             what
             he
             had
             design'd
             in
             his
             hopes
             ,
             was
             confirm'd
             effectually
             ,
             and
             the
             Cities
             frankly
             surrendred
             to
             him
             .
             Where-ever
             his
             Arms
             and
             Force
             were
             necessary
             ,
             nothing
             at
             first
             made
             any
             considerable
             resistance
             ,
             for
             arriving
             with
             30000
             Foot
             ,
             and
             2500
             Horse
             ,
             and
             200
             Ships
             ,
             he
             totally
             routed
             the
             Phaenicians
             ,
             and
             overturn'd
             
             their
             whole
             Government
             ;
             Eryx
             being
             the
             strongest
             Town
             they
             held
             ,
             and
             having
             a
             great
             Garrison
             in
             it
             ,
             he
             resolv'd
             to
             take
             it
             by
             Storm
             :
             The
             Army
             being
             in
             readiness
             to
             give
             the
             Assault
             ,
             he
             put
             on
             his
             Arms
             ,
             and
             coming
             into
             the
             head
             of
             his
             men
             ,
             made
             a
             Vow
             of
             Plays
             and
             Sacrifices
             to
             Hercules
             in
             Honour
             ,
             if
             he
             signaliz'd
             himself
             in
             that
             day's
             Action
             before
             the
             Greeks
             that
             dwelt
             in
             Sicily
             ,
             as
             became
             his
             great
             Descent
             and
             his
             Fortunes
             .
             The
             Sign
             being
             given
             by
             sound
             of
             Trumpet
             ,
             he
             dissipated
             first
             the
             Barbarians
             with
             his
             Shot
             ,
             and
             then
             brought
             his
             Ladders
             to
             the
             Wall
             ,
             and
             
             was
             the
             first
             that
             mounted
             upon
             it
             himself
             ,
             and
             the
             Enemy
             appearing
             in
             great
             Numbers
             ,
             he
             beat
             them
             back
             ,
             some
             he
             threw
             down
             from
             the
             Walls
             on
             each
             side
             ,
             others
             he
             laid
             dead
             in
             a
             heap
             round
             about
             him
             with
             his
             Sword
             ,
             nor
             did
             he
             receive
             the
             least
             wound
             ,
             but
             seem'd
             very
             terrible
             in
             his
             Aspect
             to
             the
             Enemy
             ;
             and
             gave
             a
             clear
             Demonstration
             that
             Homer
             was
             in
             the
             right
             ,
             and
             pronounc'd
             according
             to
             the
             truth
             of
             Fact
             ;
             that
             Fortitude
             alone
             of
             all
             the
             Virtues
             is
             often
             inspir'd
             with
             Furious
             and
             Enthusiastick
             Transports
             .
             The
             City
             being
             taken
             he
             offer'd
             to
             Hercules
             most
             magnificently
             ,
             and
             exhibited
             all
             Varieties
             of
             Shows
             and
             Plays
             .
             A
             sort
             of
             Barbar●us
             
             People
             about
             Mesena
             ,
             call'd
             Mamertines
             ,
             
             gave
             much
             trouble
             to
             the
             Greeks
             ,
             and
             put
             several
             of
             them
             under
             Contribution
             .
             These
             being
             numerous
             and
             valiant
             (
             from
             whence
             they
             had
             their
             Name
             ,
             as
             much
             as
             to
             say
             ,
             Martial
             in
             the
             Latin
             Tongue
             )
             he
             first
             intercepted
             the
             Collectors
             of
             the
             Contribution
             ▪
             Money
             ,
             and
             cut
             them
             off
             ,
             then
             beat
             them
             in
             open
             Fight
             ,
             and
             destroy'd
             many
             of
             their
             Places
             of
             Strength
             .
             The
             Carthaginians
             being
             now
             inclin'd
             to
             Composition
             ,
             and
             offering
             him
             a
             round
             Summ
             of
             Money
             ,
             and
             to
             furnish
             him
             with
             Shipping
             ,
             if
             a
             Peace
             were
             concluded
             ,
             he
             told
             them
             plainly
             (
             aspiring
             still
             to
             greater
             things
             )
             there
             was
             one
             way
             for
             a
             Friendship
             and
             right
             understanding
             between
             them
             ,
             if
             they
             wholly
             abandoning
             Sicily
             ,
             he
             would
             consent
             the
             African
             Sea
             should
             be
             the
             limit
             between
             them
             and
             the
             Greeks
             .
             And
             being
             heightned
             with
             his
             good
             Fortune
             and
             the
             Strength
             of
             his
             Forces
             ,
             and
             pursuing
             those
             hopes
             ,
             in
             prospect
             of
             which
             he
             first
             sail'd
             thither
             ,
             his
             chief
             aim
             was
             at
             Africk
             :
             He
             had
             abundance
             of
             Shipping
             but
             very
             ill
             Equipp'd
             ,
             and
             when
             he
             began
             to
             press
             Seamen
             ,
             not
             
             carrying
             himself
             fairly
             and
             obligingly
             towards
             the
             Cities
             ,
             but
             forcing
             them
             in
             an
             haughty
             and
             insolent
             way
             ,
             and
             menacing
             them
             with
             punishments
             ;
             whereas
             at
             first
             he
             was
             not
             so
             ,
             but
             more
             winning
             than
             any
             other
             ,
             by
             a
             sweet
             manner
             of
             Converse
             ,
             
             ready
             to
             believe
             ,
             and
             uneasie
             to
             none
             ;
             now
             of
             a
             Popular
             Prince
             ,
             becoming
             a
             Tyrant
             by
             this
             severe
             proceeding
             ,
             he
             got
             the
             name
             of
             an
             ungrateful
             and
             a
             faithless
             man.
             However
             they
             gave
             way
             to
             these
             things
             as
             necessary
             ,
             although
             they
             took
             them
             very
             ill
             from
             him
             ;
             and
             especially
             when
             he
             entertain'd
             a
             Suspicion
             of
             Thion
             and
             Sostratus
             ,
             men
             of
             the
             first
             Quality
             in
             Syracuse
             ,
             who
             invited
             him
             over
             into
             Sicily
             ,
             and
             when
             he
             was
             come
             ,
             put
             the
             Cities
             into
             his
             power
             ,
             and
             were
             most
             instrumental
             in
             all
             he
             had
             done
             there
             since
             his
             Arrival
             ,
             and
             would
             neither
             suffer
             them
             to
             be
             about
             his
             Person
             ,
             nor
             leave
             them
             at
             home
             .
             Sostratus
             out
             of
             fear
             withdrew
             himself
             ,
             then
             he
             charg'd
             Thion
             as
             in
             a
             Conspiracy
             with
             t'other
             ,
             and
             put
             him
             to
             death
             ;
             and
             now
             the
             Scene
             of
             his
             Affairs
             was
             chang'd
             ,
             not
             by
             little
             and
             little
             ,
             nor
             yet
             all
             at
             once
             ,
             but
             a
             mortal
             hatred
             being
             rais'd
             in
             the
             Cities
             against
             him
             ,
             some
             fell
             off
             to
             the
             Carthaginians
             ,
             others
             call'd
             in
             the
             Mamertines
             ,
             and
             seeing
             Revolts
             
             in
             all
             places
             ,
             and
             desires
             of
             Alteration
             ,
             and
             a
             Potent
             Faction
             against
             him
             ,
             he
             receiv'd
             Letters
             from
             the
             Samnites
             and
             Tarentines
             ,
             who
             were
             beaten
             quite
             out
             of
             the
             Field
             ,
             and
             scarce
             left
             able
             to
             secure
             their
             Towns
             against
             the
             War
             ,
             earnestly
             begging
             his
             
             help
             :
             This
             serv'd
             as
             a
             Colour
             to
             make
             his
             relinquishing
             Sicily
             ,
             no
             Flight
             ,
             nor
             a
             Despair
             
             of
             good
             Success
             ,
             but
             in
             truth
             ,
             not
             being
             able
             to
             keep
             it
             ,
             which
             was
             as
             a
             Ship
             labouring
             in
             a
             Storm
             ,
             and
             willing
             to
             be
             out
             of
             her
             ,
             he
             suddenly
             threw
             himself
             over
             into
             Italy
             .
             'T
             is
             reported
             that
             at
             his
             going
             off
             ,
             he
             look'd
             back
             upon
             the
             Island
             ,
             and
             
             said
             to
             those
             about
             him
             ,
             How
             brave
             a
             Field
             of
             War
             do
             we
             leave
             ,
             my
             Masters
             ,
             for
             the
             Romans
             and
             Carthaginians
             to
             fight
             in
             ,
             which
             as
             he
             then
             conjectur'd
             fell
             out
             indeed
             not
             long
             after
             .
             When
             he
             was
             just
             ready
             to
             Sail
             ,
             the
             Barbarians
             having
             conspir'd
             together
             ,
             he
             was
             forc'd
             to
             a
             Fight
             with
             the
             Carthaginians
             in
             the
             very
             Road
             ,
             and
             lost
             many
             of
             his
             Ships
             ,
             with
             the
             rest
             he
             fled
             into
             Italy
             .
             There
             were
             about
             1000
             Mamertines
             had
             cross'd
             the
             Sea
             a
             little
             before
             ,
             but
             afraid
             to
             engage
             him
             in
             open
             Field
             ,
             only
             setting
             upon
             him
             where
             the
             Passages
             were
             difficult
             ,
             put
             the
             whole
             Army
             in
             Confusion
             ,
             two
             Elephants
             fell
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             part
             of
             his
             Rear
             was
             cut
             off
             ;
             he
             therefore
             coming
             up
             in
             Person
             ,
             repuls'd
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             but
             was
             hugely
             in
             danger
             ,
             among
             men
             train'd
             long
             in
             War
             and
             enrag'd
             :
             his
             being
             wounded
             in
             the
             Head
             with
             a
             Sword
             ,
             and
             retiring
             a
             little
             out
             of
             the
             Fight
             ,
             had
             heightned
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             one
             of
             which
             ,
             advancing
             a
             good
             way
             before
             the
             rest
             ,
             large
             of
             Body
             ,
             and
             in
             bright
             Armour
             ,
             with
             an
             haughty
             voice
             ,
             challeng'd
             him
             to
             come
             forth
             ,
             if
             he
             were
             
             alive
             :
             Pyrrhus
             in
             a
             great
             rage
             ,
             violently
             turn'd
             himself
             among
             his
             Guards
             towards
             him
             ,
             and
             storming
             and
             beswear'd
             with
             Bloud
             ;
             he
             was
             terrible
             to
             look
             upon
             ,
             and
             breaking
             through
             his
             own
             men
             ,
             got
             afore
             and
             stroke
             the
             Barbarian
             on
             the
             Head
             with
             his
             Sword
             such
             a
             blow
             ,
             as
             with
             the
             strength
             of
             his
             Arm
             ,
             and
             the
             excellent
             temper
             of
             the
             Weapon
             ,
             pass'd
             downward
             so
             far
             ,
             that
             in
             a
             moment
             ,
             his
             Body
             being
             cut
             asunder
             ,
             fell
             in
             two
             pieces
             ;
             this
             stop'd
             the
             course
             of
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             amaz'd
             and
             confounded
             at
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             as
             one
             more
             than
             man
             :
             So
             that
             continuing
             his
             March
             all
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             way
             undisturb'd
             ,
             he
             arriv'd
             at
             Tarentum
             with
             20000
             Foot
             ,
             and
             3000
             Horse
             ;
             where
             reinforcing
             himself
             with
             the
             choicest
             Troops
             of
             the
             Tarentines
             ,
             he
             advanc'd
             immediately
             against
             the
             Romans
             ,
             who
             then
             lay
             encamp'd
             in
             the
             Territories
             of
             the
             Samnites
             ,
             whose
             Affairs
             were
             extreamly
             shatter'd
             ,
             and
             their
             Councils
             broken
             ,
             having
             been
             in
             many
             Fights
             beaten
             by
             the
             Romans
             .
             There
             was
             also
             a
             discontent
             among
             them
             at
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             for
             his
             Expedition
             into
             Sicily
             ,
             so
             that
             not
             many
             came
             in
             to
             join
             him
             :
             But
             he
             divided
             his
             Army
             in
             two
             Parts
             ,
             and
             commanded
             the
             first
             into
             Leucania
             ,
             to
             oppose
             one
             of
             the
             Consuls
             there
             ,
             that
             he
             should
             not
             come
             in
             to
             assist
             the
             other
             ;
             the
             rest
             he
             led
             against
             
               Manius
               Curius
            
             ,
             
             who
             had
             posted
             himself
             very
             advantageously
             near
             Beneventum
             ,
             and
             expected
             the
             other
             Consul's
             Forces
             ,
             and
             partly
             ,
             because
             the
             Priests
             had
             frighted
             him
             with
             ominous
             Birds
             and
             Sacrifices
             ,
             he
             resolv'd
             to
             remain
             there
             .
             Pyrrhus
             hast'ning
             to
             attack
             these
             before
             the
             other
             could
             arrive
             ,
             with
             his
             best
             men
             ,
             and
             the
             most
             courageous
             Elephants
             ,
             march'd
             in
             the
             Night
             toward
             their
             Camp
             ,
             but
             being
             forc'd
             to
             go
             round
             about
             ,
             and
             through
             a
             very
             woody
             Country
             ,
             their
             Flambeaus
             fail'd
             them
             ,
             and
             their
             Soldiers
             lost
             their
             way
             ;
             a
             Council
             of
             War
             being
             call'd
             ,
             while
             they
             were
             in
             debate
             ,
             the
             Night
             was
             spent
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             break
             of
             Day
             ,
             his
             approach
             was
             discover'd
             by
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             as
             they
             came
             down
             the
             Hills
             ,
             which
             put
             the
             whole
             Camp
             into
             much
             disorder
             and
             tumult
             ,
             but
             the
             Sacrifices
             being
             auspicious
             ,
             and
             the
             time
             absolutely
             obliging
             them
             to
             fight
             ,
             he
             drew
             out
             of
             the
             
             Trenches
             ,
             and
             fell
             in
             with
             their
             Vantguard
             ,
             and
             having
             routed
             them
             ,
             all
             the
             Army
             was
             in
             a
             Consternation
             ,
             so
             that
             a
             great
             many
             were
             cut
             off
             ,
             and
             some
             of
             the
             Elephants
             taken
             .
             This
             success
             drew
             on
             Manius
             fighting
             into
             the
             Field
             ,
             and
             in
             plain
             Ground
             ,
             he
             totally
             defeated
             one
             Wing
             of
             the
             Enemy
             ;
             on
             the
             other
             hand
             ,
             being
             opprest
             by
             the
             Elephants
             ,
             and
             forced
             back
             to
             his
             Trenches
             ,
             he
             commanded
             out
             those
             who
             
             were
             left
             to
             guard
             them
             ,
             standing
             thick
             on
             the
             Ramparts
             ,
             all
             in
             Arms
             and
             fresh
             men
             ;
             these
             coming
             down
             from
             the
             Fort
             ,
             and
             charging
             the
             Elephants
             ,
             forc'd
             them
             to
             retire
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             Flight
             turning
             back
             upon
             their
             own
             men
             ,
             caus'd
             a
             huge
             disorder
             and
             confusion
             ,
             which
             at
             once
             brought
             the
             
             Romans
             both
             Victory
             and
             Empire
             ;
             for
             now
             having
             got
             the
             Fame
             of
             Invincible
             ,
             both
             for
             their
             Conduct
             ,
             and
             Courage
             ,
             and
             Glory
             as
             well
             in
             this
             Action
             as
             in
             a
             great
             many
             others
             ,
             they
             soon
             over-run
             Italy
             ,
             and
             not
             long
             after
             Sicily
             too
             .
             Thus
             fell
             Pyrrhus
             from
             his
             Italian
             and
             Sicilian
             hopes
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             consum'd
             six
             Years
             in
             these
             Wars
             ,
             and
             
             though
             unsuccessful
             in
             his
             Affairs
             ,
             yet
             preserv'd
             his
             Courage
             unconquerable
             among
             all
             these
             Misfortunes
             ,
             and
             was
             held
             for
             Military
             Experience
             ,
             and
             Personal
             Valour
             ,
             and
             Undertaking
             ,
             much
             the
             bravest
             of
             all
             the
             Princes
             of
             his
             time
             ,
             but
             what
             he
             got
             by
             great
             Actions
             ,
             he
             lost
             again
             by
             vain
             Hopes
             ,
             and
             by
             new
             desires
             of
             what
             he
             had
             not
             ,
             kept
             nothing
             of
             what
             he
             had
             :
             So
             that
             Antigonus
             used
             to
             compare
             him
             to
             one
             who
             at
             
             Dice
             threw
             excellently
             well
             ,
             but
             knew
             not
             how
             to
             make
             the
             best
             of
             his
             Game
             :
             
             He
             return'd
             into
             Epirus
             with
             8000
             Foot
             ,
             and
             500
             Horse
             ,
             and
             for
             want
             of
             Money
             to
             pay
             them
             ,
             was
             fain
             to
             look
             out
             for
             a
             new
             War
             to
             maintain
             the
             Army
             .
             Some
             
             of
             the
             Gauls
             joining
             him
             ,
             he
             fell
             into
             Macedon
             ,
             where
             Antigonus
             ,
             Son
             of
             Demetrius
             ,
             govern'd
             ,
             designing
             to
             plunder
             and
             waste
             
             the
             Country
             ,
             but
             after
             he
             made
             himself
             Master
             of
             several
             Towns
             ,
             and
             2000
             men
             came
             over
             to
             him
             ,
             he
             began
             to
             hope
             for
             something
             greater
             ,
             and
             adventured
             upon
             Antigonus
             himself
             ,
             and
             meeting
             him
             at
             a
             narrow
             Passage
             ,
             called
             the
             Straits
             ,
             put
             the
             whole
             Army
             in
             disorder
             ,
             but
             the
             Gauls
             who
             brought
             up
             Antigonus
             his
             Rear
             ,
             were
             very
             numerous
             and
             stood
             firm
             ,
             and
             a
             brisk
             Fight
             hapning
             ,
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             them
             were
             cut
             off
             .
             They
             who
             had
             the
             charge
             of
             the
             Elephants
             ,
             being
             surrounded
             every
             way
             delivered
             up
             both
             themselves
             and
             the
             Beasts
             :
             Pyrrhus
             taking
             this
             advantage
             ,
             and
             advising
             more
             with
             his
             good
             Fortune
             ,
             than
             his
             Reason
             ,
             boldly
             set
             upon
             the
             
             main
             Body
             of
             the
             Macedonian
             Foot
             ,
             already
             surpriz'd
             with
             Fear
             ,
             and
             troubled
             at
             the
             former
             loss
             ,
             so
             that
             they
             declin'd
             any
             Action
             or
             Engagement
             with
             him
             ,
             and
             he
             holding
             out
             his
             Hand
             ,
             and
             calling
             aloud
             ,
             both
             to
             the
             Superiour
             and
             under-Officers
             by
             Name
             ,
             brought
             over
             the
             Foot
             from
             Antigonus
             ;
             who
             flying
             privately
             ,
             kept
             only
             some
             of
             the
             Sea-Towns
             .
             Pyrrhus
             among
             all
             these
             kindnesses
             of
             Fortune
             ,
             thinking
             what
             he
             had
             effected
             against
             the
             Gauls
             the
             most
             advantageous
             for
             his
             Glory
             ,
             hung
             up
             
             their
             richest
             and
             goodliest
             Spoils
             in
             the
             Temple
             of
             
               Minerva
               Itonis
            
             with
             this
             Inscription
             ,
          
           
             
               These
               Shields
               of
               the
               brave
               Gauls
               ,
               Great
               Goddess
               !
               I
            
             
               Offer
               to
               Thee
               ,
               gain'd
               in
               full
               Victory
            
             
               Over
               Antigonus
               .
               'T
               is
               no
               strange
               thing
            
             
               For
               Pyrrhus
               ,
               who
               from
               Aeacus
               does
               spring
               .
            
          
           
             After
             this
             defeat
             in
             the
             Field
             ,
             he
             quickly
             took
             in
             the
             Cities
             ,
             and
             having
             Aegis
             in
             his
             Power
             ,
             beside
             other
             hardships
             put
             upon
             them
             ,
             he
             left
             in
             the
             Town
             a
             Garrison
             of
             Gauls
             ,
             some
             of
             those
             in
             his
             own
             Army
             ,
             who
             being
             insatiably
             desirous
             of
             Wealth
             ,
             instantly
             dug
             up
             the
             Tombs
             of
             the
             Kings
             that
             lay
             buried
             there
             ,
             and
             took
             away
             the
             Riches
             ,
             and
             insolently
             scatter'd
             about
             their
             Bones
             .
             Pyrrhus
             in
             appearance
             made
             no
             great
             matter
             of
             it
             ,
             either
             deferring
             it
             by
             reason
             of
             other
             extraordinary
             business
             ,
             or
             wholly
             passing
             it
             by
             ,
             out
             of
             a
             fear
             of
             punishing
             those
             Barbarians
             ;
             but
             this
             made
             him
             hear
             very
             ill
             among
             the
             Macedonians
             ,
             and
             his
             Affairs
             being
             yet
             unsettled
             ,
             and
             brought
             to
             no
             firm
             Consistence
             ,
             he
             notwithstanding
             entertained
             new
             visionary
             hopes
             ,
             and
             in
             raillery
             call'd
             Antigonus
             Impudent
             ,
             that
             he
             had
             not
             put
             on
             a
             mean
             Habit
             ,
             but
             still
             wore
             Purple
             :
             Cleonymus
             
             the
             Spartan
             arriving
             and
             inviting
             him
             to
             
             Lacedaemon
             ,
             he
             frankly
             embrac'd
             the
             Overture
             ,
             Cleonymus
             was
             of
             Royal
             Descent
             ,
             but
             seeming
             too
             Arbitrary
             and
             absolute
             ,
             had
             no
             great
             respect
             nor
             credit
             at
             home
             .
             And
             Areus
             was
             King
             there
             .
             This
             was
             the
             occasion
             of
             an
             old
             and
             publick
             grudge
             between
             him
             and
             the
             Citizens
             ;
             but
             beside
             that
             Cleonymus
             in
             his
             old
             Age
             had
             married
             a
             young
             Lady
             of
             great
             Beauty
             and
             Royal
             Bloud
             ,
             Chelidonis
             Daughter
             of
             Lectychides
             ,
             who
             falling
             desperately
             in
             Love
             with
             
               Acrotatus
               ,
               Areus
            
             his
             Son
             ,
             a
             Youth
             gay
             and
             airy
             ;
             render'd
             this
             Match
             both
             uneasie
             and
             dishonourable
             to
             Cleonymus
             ;
             for
             there
             was
             none
             of
             the
             Spartans
             who
             did
             not
             very
             well
             know
             how
             much
             his
             Wife
             slighted
             him
             ;
             so
             these
             Domestick
             Troubles
             added
             to
             his
             Publick
             discontent
             .
             He
             brought
             Pyrrhus
             to
             Sparta
             with
             an
             Army
             of
             20000
             Foot
             ,
             2000
             Horse
             ,
             and
             24
             Elephants
             ,
             but
             so
             great
             a
             preparation
             made
             it
             evident
             to
             the
             whole
             World
             ,
             that
             he
             came
             not
             so
             much
             to
             gain
             Sparta
             for
             Cleonymus
             ,
             as
             to
             take
             all
             Peloponnesus
             for
             himself
             ,
             yet
             he
             expresly
             denied
             this
             to
             the
             Lacedaemonian
             Ambassadors
             ,
             that
             came
             to
             him
             to
             Megalopolis
             ,
             affirming
             he
             came
             to
             deliver
             the
             Cities
             from
             the
             Slavery
             of
             Antigonus
             ,
             and
             vowing
             to
             send
             his
             younger
             Sons
             to
             Sparta
             (
             if
             he
             might
             )
             to
             be
             inform'd
             with
             Spartan
             Education
             ,
             that
             
             so
             they
             might
             be
             better
             bred
             than
             all
             other
             Kings
             .
             With
             these
             pretensions
             amusing
             those
             who
             came
             to
             meet
             him
             in
             his
             March
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             ever
             he
             entred
             Laconia
             ,
             he
             began
             to
             plunder
             and
             waste
             the
             Country
             ,
             of
             which
             the
             Ambassadors
             complaining
             ,
             that
             he
             began
             the
             War
             upon
             them
             before
             it
             was
             proclaimed
             .
             We
             know
             (
             said
             he
             )
             very
             well
             ,
             that
             neither
             you
             Spartans
             ,
             when
             you
             design
             any
             thing
             ,
             use
             to
             talk
             of
             it
             before-hand
             .
             One
             Mandracidas
             ,
             then
             present
             ,
             told
             him
             in
             the
             broad
             Spartan
             Dialect
             ;
             An
             yau
             be
             a
             God
             do
             us
             no
             harm
             ,
             for
             wee'se
             harm
             
             none
             ,
             and
             if
             yau
             be
             a
             mon
             ,
             ther'se
             be
             some
             auther
             as
             stout
             as
             yau
             .
             He
             now
             march'd
             away
             directly
             for
             Lacedaemon
             ,
             and
             being
             advised
             by
             Cleonymus
             to
             give
             the
             Assault
             as
             soon
             as
             he
             arrived
             ,
             Pyrrhus
             (
             as
             't
             is
             said
             )
             fearing
             least
             the
             Souldiers
             entring
             by
             Night
             ,
             should
             plunder
             the
             City
             ,
             answer'd
             ,
             they
             might
             do
             it
             as
             well
             next
             Morning
             ,
             because
             there
             were
             but
             few
             Soldiers
             in
             Town
             ,
             and
             unprovided
             by
             reason
             of
             his
             sudden
             approach
             ,
             for
             Areus
             was
             not
             there
             in
             Person
             ,
             but
             gone
             to
             aid
             the
             Gortynians
             then
             in
             War
             ,
             
             and
             it
             was
             this
             alone
             that
             saved
             the
             Town
             ,
             because
             in
             regard
             of
             the
             small
             number
             of
             Soldiers
             ,
             and
             the
             scarcity
             of
             Provisions
             he
             despised
             it
             as
             not
             tenable
             ,
             and
             so
             imagining
             no
             Defence
             would
             be
             made
             ,
             sat
             down
             before
             it
             that
             Night
             :
             
             Cleonymus's
             Friends
             and
             
             the
             Heilots
             ,
             his
             Domestick
             Servants
             ,
             had
             made
             great
             preparation
             at
             his
             House
             ,
             as
             expecting
             Pyrrhus
             there
             at
             Supper
             .
             In
             the
             Night
             ,
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             held
             a
             Consult
             ,
             to
             Ship
             over
             all
             the
             Women
             into
             Crete
             ,
             
             but
             they
             unanimously
             refused
             ,
             and
             Archidamia
             came
             into
             the
             Senate
             ,
             with
             a
             Sword
             in
             her
             Hand
             ,
             in
             the
             Name
             of
             them
             all
             ,
             representing
             how
             unkindly
             they
             took
             it
             ,
             to
             think
             they
             would
             survive
             the
             ruins
             of
             Sparta
             .
             It
             was
             next
             resolved
             to
             draw
             a
             Trench
             in
             a
             Line
             directly
             over
             against
             the
             Enemies
             Camp
             ,
             and
             at
             each
             end
             of
             it
             ,
             to
             sink
             Waggons-in
             the
             Ground
             ,
             as
             deep
             as
             the
             Naves
             of
             the
             Wheels
             ,
             that
             so
             being
             firmly
             fix'd
             ,
             they
             might
             obstruct
             the
             passage
             of
             the
             Elephants
             .
             When
             they
             had
             just
             begun
             the
             Work
             ,
             both
             Maids
             and
             Women
             came
             to
             them
             ,
             those
             had
             their
             Clothes
             truss'd
             up
             about
             their
             Linen
             ,
             and
             others
             in
             their
             Shifts
             only
             ,
             to
             assist
             the
             Elder
             sort
             of
             men
             ;
             As
             for
             the
             Youth
             that
             were
             next
             day
             to
             engage
             ,
             they
             left
             them
             to
             their
             rest
             ,
             and
             undertaking
             their
             proportion
             ,
             they
             themselves
             finish'd
             a
             third
             part
             of
             the
             Trench
             ,
             which
             was
             in
             breadth
             six
             Cubits
             ,
             four
             in
             depth
             ,
             and
             800
             foot
             long
             ,
             as
             Phylarchus
             says
             .
             Hieronymus
             makes
             it
             somewhat
             less
             .
             The
             Enemy
             beginning
             to
             move
             by
             break
             of
             day
             ,
             they
             brought
             their
             Arms
             to
             the
             young
             men
             ,
             and
             giving
             them
             also
             in
             charge
             
             the
             Trench
             ,
             exhorted
             them
             to
             defend
             and
             keep
             it
             bravely
             ,
             as
             a
             most
             worthy
             thing
             to
             conquer
             in
             the
             view
             of
             their
             whole
             Country
             ,
             and
             glorious
             to
             die
             in
             the
             Arms
             of
             their
             Mothers
             and
             Wives
             falling
             as
             became
             Spartans
             .
             As
             for
             Chelidonis
             ,
             she
             retired
             with
             a
             Halter
             about
             her
             Neck
             ,
             resolving
             to
             die
             so
             ,
             rather
             than
             fall
             into
             the
             Hands
             of
             Cleonymus
             ,
             if
             the
             City
             were
             taken
             .
             Pyrrhus
             himself
             in
             Person
             laboured
             with
             his
             Foot
             to
             force
             through
             the
             Shields
             of
             the
             Spartans
             ranged
             against
             him
             ,
             and
             to
             get
             over
             the
             Trench
             ,
             which
             was
             scarce
             passable
             ,
             because
             the
             looseness
             of
             the
             fresh
             Earth
             afforded
             no
             firm
             footing
             for
             the
             Soldiers
             .
             Ptolomee
             ,
             Pyrrhus's
             Son
             with
             2000
             Gauls
             ,
             and
             some
             choice
             men
             of
             the
             Chaonians
             went
             about
             the
             Trench
             ,
             and
             endeavoured
             to
             get
             over
             where
             the
             Waggons
             were
             ,
             but
             they
             being
             so
             deep
             in
             the
             Ground
             ,
             and
             plac'd
             close
             together
             ,
             did
             not
             only
             make
             his
             passage
             ,
             but
             also
             the
             defence
             of
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             very
             troublesom
             ;
             yet
             now
             the
             Gauls
             had
             got
             the
             Wheels
             out
             of
             the
             Ground
             ,
             and
             were
             drawing
             off
             the
             Waggons
             towards
             the
             River
             ,
             when
             Young
             Acrotatus
             seeing
             the
             danger
             they
             were
             in
             ,
             passing
             through
             the
             Town
             with
             300
             men
             ,
             surrounded
             Ptolomee
             undiscerned
             ,
             taking
             the
             advantage
             of
             some
             hollow
             ways
             ,
             till
             he
             fell
             upon
             his
             Rear
             ,
             and
             forced
             them
             to
             wheel
             about
             ,
             thrusting
             
             one
             another
             into
             the
             Ditch
             ,
             and
             falling
             among
             the
             Waggons
             ,
             and
             at
             last
             they
             with
             much
             ado
             were
             cut
             off
             with
             a
             very
             great
             slaughter
             ;
             the
             Elderly
             men
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             Ladies
             saw
             this
             brave
             action
             of
             Acrotatus
             ,
             and
             when
             he
             returned
             back
             into
             the
             Town
             to
             his
             first
             Post
             all
             covered
             with
             Blood
             ,
             and
             fierce
             and
             elate
             with
             Victory
             ,
             he
             seem'd
             to
             the
             Spartan
             Dames
             more
             gallant
             and
             beautiful
             than
             ever
             ,
             and
             they
             envied
             Chelidonis
             so
             worthy
             a
             Lover
             .
             And
             some
             of
             the
             old
             men
             followed
             him
             ,
             crying
             aloud
             ,
             Go
             on
             Acrotatus
             ,
             enjoy
             Chelidonis
             ,
             and
             get
             brave
             Fellows
             for
             Sparta
             .
             Where
             Pyrrhus
             himself
             fought
             ,
             was
             the
             hottest
             of
             the
             Action
             ,
             and
             many
             of
             the
             Spartans
             did
             gallantly
             ,
             but
             in
             particular
             ,
             one
             Phyllius
             signaliz'd
             himself
             ,
             and
             killed
             most
             of
             those
             that
             pressed
             upon
             him
             ;
             and
             when
             he
             found
             himself
             ready
             to
             sink
             with
             the
             many
             Wounds
             he
             had
             received
             ,
             retiring
             a
             little
             out
             of
             his
             place
             behind
             another
             ,
             fell
             down
             among
             their
             own
             men
             ,
             that
             the
             Enemy
             might
             not
             carry
             off
             his
             Body
             .
             The
             Fight
             ended
             with
             the
             day
             ,
             and
             Pyrrhus
             in
             his
             Sleep
             dream'd
             he
             threw
             Lightning
             upon
             Lacedaemon
             ,
             and
             set
             it
             all
             on
             fire
             ,
             and
             seemed
             to
             rejoyce
             at
             the
             Sight
             ;
             and
             in
             this
             Transport
             of
             joy
             waking
             ,
             commanded
             his
             Officers
             to
             get
             all
             things
             ready
             for
             a
             second
             Assault
             ;
             and
             interpreting
             his
             Dream
             among
             his
             Friends
             ,
             
             that
             he
             should
             take
             the
             Town
             by
             Storm
             ,
             several
             assented
             to
             it
             with
             admiration
             ;
             but
             Lysimachus
             was
             not
             pleased
             with
             the
             Dream
             ,
             and
             told
             him
             he
             feared
             ,
             lest
             as
             Places
             struck
             with
             Lightning
             are
             held
             Sacred
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             be
             entred
             ;
             so
             the
             Gods
             might
             by
             this
             let
             him
             know
             the
             City
             should
             not
             be
             taken
             .
             Pyrrhus
             replied
             ,
             All
             these
             things
             were
             but
             idle
             talk
             ,
             full
             of
             uncertainty
             ,
             and
             only
             fit
             to
             amuse
             the
             Vulgar
             ;
             but
             you
             my
             brave
             Men
             ,
             with
             your
             Swords
             in
             your
             hands
             ,
             should
             always
             think
             of
             that
             Verse
             of
             Homer
             .
             
          
           
             
               'T
               is
               the
               only
               good
               presage
               ,
            
             
               That
               for
               Pyrrhus
               you
               engage
               .
            
          
           
             Changing
             the
             last
             Word
             of
             his
             Verse
             ,
             and
             surprising
             them
             in
             raillery
             ,
             with
             putting
             in
             the
             Word
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             for
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             he
             got
             up
             ,
             and
             drew
             out
             his
             Army
             to
             the
             Walls
             by
             break
             of
             Day
             ;
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             in
             resolution
             and
             courage
             ,
             made
             a
             defence
             even
             beyond
             their
             power
             ,
             the
             Women
             were
             all
             by
             ,
             helping
             them
             to
             Arms
             ,
             and
             bringing
             Bread
             and
             Drink
             to
             those
             that
             desired
             it
             ,
             and
             taking
             care
             of
             the
             wounded
             :
             The
             Macedonians
             attempted
             to
             fill
             up
             the
             Trench
             ,
             bringing
             huge
             quantities
             of
             Materials
             ,
             and
             throwing
             them
             upon
             the
             Arms
             and
             dead
             Bodies
             that
             lay
             there
             all
             covered
             over
             ;
             
             while
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             opposed
             this
             with
             all
             their
             Force
             ,
             Pyrrhus
             in
             Person
             appeared
             on
             their
             side
             of
             the
             Trench
             ,
             and
             the
             Waggons
             pressing
             on
             Horseback
             towards
             the
             City
             ,
             at
             which
             ,
             the
             Soldiers
             who
             had
             that
             Post
             ,
             making
             a
             great
             Noise
             ,
             and
             the
             Women
             shreiking
             and
             running
             about
             ,
             while
             Pyrrhus
             violently
             pushed
             on
             ,
             and
             in
             Person
             beating
             down
             all
             that
             disputed
             his
             way
             ;
             his
             Horse
             receiv'd
             a
             shot
             in
             the
             Belly
             ,
             with
             a
             Cretan
             Arrow
             ,
             and
             flouncing
             as
             he
             died
             ,
             threw
             off
             Phyrrus
             on
             slippery
             and
             very
             steep
             Grounds
             ,
             at
             which
             ,
             all
             about
             him
             being
             in
             a
             Confusion
             ,
             the
             Spartans
             came
             boldly
             up
             ,
             and
             making
             good
             use
             of
             their
             Arrows
             ,
             forced
             them
             off
             again
             .
             This
             caused
             Pyrrhus
             to
             retreat
             a
             second
             time
             ,
             thinking
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             would
             abate
             of
             their
             vigour
             ,
             when
             almost
             all
             of
             them
             were
             wounded
             ,
             and
             very
             great
             numbers
             killed
             outright
             :
             But
             the
             good
             Fortune
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             either
             resolving
             to
             make
             the
             utmost
             Experiment
             of
             the
             bravery
             of
             her
             own
             Citizens
             upon
             her self
             ,
             or
             giving
             a
             demonstration
             how
             great
             a
             power
             she
             has
             in
             dubious
             Accidents
             ,
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             having
             now
             but
             very
             slender
             hopes
             left
             ,
             brought
             Ameinias
             ,
             the
             Phocian
             ,
             one
             of
             
             Antigonus's
             Commanders
             ,
             from
             Corinth
             to
             their
             assistance
             ,
             with
             an
             Army
             of
             Strangers
             ,
             and
             they
             were
             no
             sooner
             receiv'd
             into
             the
             Town
             ,
             but
             Areus
             
             their
             King
             ,
             arrived
             there
             himself
             too
             from
             Crete
             with
             2000
             men
             more
             :
             The
             Women
             upon
             this
             went
             all
             home
             to
             their
             Houses
             ,
             finding
             it
             no
             longer
             necessary
             for
             them
             to
             meddle
             with
             the
             business
             of
             the
             War
             ;
             and
             they
             also
             were
             sent
             back
             ,
             who
             though
             under
             age
             ,
             were
             by
             necessity
             forced
             to
             take
             Arms
             ;
             the
             rest
             prepared
             to
             fight
             Pyrrhus
             upon
             the
             coming
             of
             these
             additional
             Forces
             ,
             who
             was
             possessed
             with
             a
             more
             eager
             desire
             and
             ambition
             than
             before
             to
             make
             himself
             Master
             of
             the
             Town
             ;
             but
             his
             Designs
             not
             succeeding
             ,
             and
             receiving
             
             fresh
             losses
             every
             day
             ,
             he
             gave
             over
             the
             Siege
             ,
             and
             fell
             to
             plunder
             the
             Country
             ,
             determining
             to
             winter
             thereabout
             .
             But
             Fate
             is
             unavoidable
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             Feud
             happ'ning
             at
             Argos
             between
             Aristeus
             and
             Aristippus
             ,
             two
             principal
             Citizens
             ,
             after
             Aristippus
             had
             resolved
             to
             make
             use
             of
             the
             Friendship
             of
             
               Antigonus
               ,
               Aristeus
            
             to
             prevent
             him
             invited
             Pyrrhus
             thither
             ;
             and
             he
             
             always
             revolving
             hopes
             upon
             hopes
             ,
             and
             taking
             advantage
             from
             good
             successes
             to
             embrace
             occasions
             of
             more
             ,
             and
             when
             things
             went
             unprosperously
             ,
             to
             make
             up
             those
             defects
             by
             doing
             better
             another
             time
             ,
             he
             neither
             made
             Losses
             nor
             Victories
             the
             bounds
             of
             his
             receiving
             or
             giving
             Trouble
             ,
             and
             so
             presently
             went
             for
             
               Argos
               .
               Areus
            
             by
             frequent
             Ambushes
             ,
             and
             lining
             the
             Hedges
             
             where
             the
             ways
             were
             most
             unpracticable
             ,
             cut
             off
             many
             of
             the
             Gauls
             and
             Molossians
             that
             brought
             up
             the
             Rear
             .
             It
             was
             told
             Pyrrhus
             by
             one
             of
             the
             Priests
             that
             found
             the
             Liver
             of
             the
             sacrificed
             Beast
             imperfect
             ,
             that
             some
             of
             his
             near
             Relations
             would
             be
             lost
             ;
             in
             this
             Tumult
             and
             Disorder
             of
             his
             Rear
             ,
             forgetting
             the
             Prediction
             ,
             he
             commanded
             out
             his
             Son
             Ptolomee
             ,
             with
             some
             of
             his
             Guards
             to
             their
             assistance
             ,
             who
             quickly
             getting
             out
             of
             the
             narrow
             ways
             ,
             march'd
             up
             to
             them
             ,
             and
             the
             Fight
             being
             very
             warm
             where
             he
             was
             (
             for
             the
             most
             select
             men
             of
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             commanded
             by
             Evalcus
             ,
             were
             there
             engaged
             )
             one
             Oraesus
             ,
             of
             Aptera
             ,
             in
             Creet
             ,
             a
             stout
             man
             and
             very
             swift
             ,
             running
             on
             the
             one
             side
             of
             the
             young
             Prince
             ,
             as
             he
             was
             fighting
             bravely
             ,
             gave
             
             him
             a
             mortal
             wound
             and
             slew
             him
             ;
             he
             falling
             ,
             those
             about
             him
             turned
             their
             backs
             ,
             the
             Lacedaemonian
             Horse
             pursuing
             and
             cutting
             off
             many
             ,
             were
             got
             into
             the
             open
             Field
             engaged
             with
             the
             Enemy
             before
             they
             were
             aware
             ,
             without
             the
             Infantry
             ;
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             who
             had
             received
             the
             ill
             news
             of
             his
             Son
             ,
             and
             was
             infinitely
             afflicted
             at
             it
             ,
             drew
             out
             his
             Molossian
             Horse
             against
             them
             ,
             and
             charging
             in
             the
             Head
             of
             his
             men
             ,
             satiated
             himself
             with
             the
             Blood
             and
             Slaughter
             of
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ,
             always
             indeed
             appearing
             an
             invincible
             Hero
             ,
             and
             mighty
             in
             Arms
             ,
             but
             
             now
             exceeded
             all
             he
             had
             ever
             done
             before
             in
             Courage
             and
             Force
             :
             Then
             riding
             up
             furiously
             to
             Evalcus
             ,
             he
             declining
             a
             little
             to
             one
             side
             ,
             had
             almost
             cut
             off
             Pyrrhus
             his
             Hand
             in
             which
             he
             held
             the
             Reins
             ,
             but
             lighting
             on
             the
             Reins
             only
             ,
             cut
             them
             ,
             at
             the
             same
             instant
             Pyrrhus
             running
             him
             through
             with
             his
             Spear
             ,
             fell
             from
             his
             Horse
             ,
             and
             on
             foot
             as
             he
             was
             cut
             in
             pieces
             all
             those
             choice
             men
             that
             fought
             about
             the
             Body
             of
             Evalcus
             ,
             and
             the
             obstinate
             fury
             of
             the
             Commanders
             on
             both
             sides
             brought
             this
             great
             loss
             to
             Sparta
             ,
             even
             when
             the
             War
             was
             now
             at
             an
             end
             :
             Pyrrhus
             having
             thus
             offered
             so
             many
             as
             it
             were
             in
             Sacrifice
             to
             the
             Ghost
             of
             his
             Son
             ,
             and
             made
             his
             Fight
             a
             kind
             of
             Funeral
             Show
             ,
             converting
             much
             of
             his
             Grief
             into
             Rage
             against
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             marched
             away
             to
             Argos
             .
             And
             having
             Intelligence
             that
             Antigonus
             kept
             the
             high
             Grounds
             ,
             he
             encamped
             about
             Nauplia
             ;
             the
             next
             day
             he
             dispatched
             an
             Herauld
             to
             Antigonus
             ,
             calling
             him
             persidious
             ,
             and
             challenging
             him
             to
             descend
             into
             the
             plain
             Field
             ,
             and
             fight
             with
             him
             for
             the
             Kingdom
             ;
             he
             answered
             ,
             his
             Conduct
             should
             be
             measured
             by
             
             Times
             as
             well
             as
             by
             Arms
             ,
             and
             that
             if
             Pyrrhus
             had
             no
             leisure
             to
             live
             ,
             there
             were
             ways
             enough
             open
             to
             death
             .
             To
             both
             the
             Kings
             also
             came
             Ambassadours
             from
             Argos
             ,
             desiring
             each
             Party
             to
             retreat
             ,
             and
             not
             suffer
             
             the
             City
             to
             fall
             into
             the
             hands
             of
             any
             one
             of
             them
             that
             had
             a
             great
             honour
             for
             both
             .
             Antigonus
             was
             perswaded
             ,
             and
             sent
             his
             Son
             an
             Hostage
             to
             the
             Argives
             ;
             but
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             although
             he
             promised
             a
             recess
             ,
             yet
             sending
             no
             Hostage
             ,
             he
             was
             much
             suspected
             .
             At
             this
             time
             a
             great
             Prodigy
             happen'd
             to
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             for
             the
             Heads
             of
             the
             Sacrificed
             Oxen
             lying
             apart
             from
             the
             Bodies
             ,
             were
             seen
             to
             thrust
             out
             their
             Tongues
             ,
             and
             lick
             up
             their
             own
             gore
             .
             And
             in
             the
             very
             City
             of
             Argos
             ,
             a
             Priestess
             of
             
               Apollo
               Lycius
            
             ,
             ran
             about
             the
             Streets
             ,
             crying
             ,
             She
             saw
             the
             City
             full
             of
             Carcasses
             and
             Slaughter
             ,
             and
             an
             Eagle
             coming
             out
             to
             fight
             ,
             and
             presently
             vanishing
             again
             .
             In
             the
             dead
             of
             the
             Night
             Pyrrhus
             
             approaching
             the
             Walls
             ,
             and
             finding
             the
             Gate
             called
             Diamperes
             set
             open
             for
             them
             by
             Aristeas
             ,
             was
             undiscovered
             till
             such
             time
             as
             all
             his
             Gauls
             had
             entred
             ,
             and
             took
             possession
             of
             the
             Market
             place
             ,
             but
             the
             Gate
             being
             too
             low
             to
             let
             in
             the
             Elephants
             ,
             they
             were
             fain
             to
             take
             down
             their
             Towers
             ,
             and
             put
             them
             on
             again
             in
             the
             dark
             ,
             and
             in
             disorder
             ;
             so
             that
             time
             being
             lost
             ,
             the
             City
             took
             the
             Alarm
             ,
             and
             the
             People
             ,
             some
             run
             to
             Aspis
             ,
             the
             chief
             Citadel
             ,
             and
             others
             to
             other
             Places
             of
             Defence
             ,
             and
             sent
             away
             to
             Antigonus
             to
             assist
             them
             ,
             who
             coming
             pretty
             near
             ,
             made
             an
             halt
             ,
             but
             sent
             in
             some
             of
             his
             principal
             Commanders
             ,
             and
             his
             Son
             
             with
             a
             very
             considerable
             Force
             ;
             Areus
             came
             thither
             too
             with
             1000
             Cretans
             ,
             and
             some
             of
             the
             briskest
             of
             the
             Spartans
             ,
             and
             all
             falling
             on
             at
             once
             upon
             the
             Gauls
             ,
             put
             them
             in
             great
             disorder
             .
             Pyrrhus
             entring
             in
             with
             a
             mighty
             Noise
             and
             Shout
             at
             a
             place
             called
             Cylabaris
             ,
             when
             the
             Gauls
             returned
             another
             Cry
             to
             them
             ,
             it
             did
             not
             express
             Courage
             and
             Assurance
             ,
             but
             the
             Voice
             of
             men
             distressed
             ,
             and
             that
             had
             their
             hands
             full
             .
             Therefore
             Pyrrhus
             in
             haste
             pushed
             on
             the
             van
             of
             his
             Horse
             that
             marched
             but
             slowly
             and
             dangerously
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             Drains
             and
             Sinks
             ,
             of
             which
             the
             City
             was
             full
             .
             In
             this
             Night-Engagement
             ,
             there
             was
             infinite
             
             confusion
             both
             in
             those
             that
             acted
             ,
             and
             those
             that
             commanded
             ,
             mistaking
             and
             stragling
             in
             the
             narrow
             Streets
             ;
             it
             was
             impossible
             to
             make
             use
             of
             Conduct
             or
             Order
             in
             that
             darkness
             and
             variety
             of
             Noises
             and
             strait
             Passages
             ;
             so
             both
             sides
             continued
             without
             doing
             any
             thing
             ,
             and
             expecting
             Day-light
             .
             At
             the
             first
             dawn
             ,
             Pyrrhus
             seeing
             the
             great
             Citadel
             ▪
             Aspis
             full
             of
             Men
             ,
             was
             disturbed
             ,
             and
             remarking
             among
             many
             Figures
             dedicated
             to
             the
             Market-place
             ,
             
             a
             Wolf
             and
             Bull
             of
             Brass
             ,
             as
             it
             were
             ready
             to
             attack
             one
             another
             ,
             he
             was
             struck
             with
             horrour
             ;
             reflecting
             upon
             the
             memory
             of
             an
             Oracle
             ,
             that
             formerly
             predicted
             ,
             Fate
             had
             determined
             his
             Death
             when
             he
             should
             
             see
             a
             Wolf
             fighting
             with
             a
             Bull.
             The
             Argives
             report
             these
             Figures
             were
             placed
             in
             memory
             of
             a
             thing
             that
             fell
             out
             anciently
             there
             :
             For
             Danaus
             ,
             when
             he
             first
             invaded
             those
             Parts
             ,
             passing
             by
             the
             ways
             called
             Pyramia
             in
             Thyreatis
             ,
             as
             he
             marched
             towards
             Argos
             ,
             espied
             a
             Wolf
             fighting
             with
             a
             Bull
             ,
             and
             imagining
             the
             Wolf
             to
             represent
             him
             (
             for
             this
             Stranger
             fell
             upon
             a
             Native
             as
             he
             designed
             to
             do
             )
             stay'd
             to
             see
             the
             Issue
             of
             the
             Fight
             ,
             and
             the
             Wolf
             prevailing
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             offered
             his
             Devotions
             to
             
               Apollo
               Lycius
            
             ,
             he
             assaulted
             and
             carried
             the
             Town
             ,
             Gelanor
             ,
             who
             was
             then
             King
             ,
             being
             displac'd
             by
             a
             Faction
             :
             And
             this
             was
             the
             Cause
             of
             dedicating
             those
             Figures
             .
             Pyrrhus
             quite
             out
             of
             heart
             at
             this
             Sight
             ,
             and
             seeing
             none
             of
             his
             Designs
             succeed
             ,
             thought
             best
             to
             retreat
             ,
             but
             fearing
             the
             strait
             Passage
             at
             the
             Gates
             ,
             sent
             to
             his
             Son
             Helenus
             ,
             who
             was
             left
             without
             the
             Town
             with
             a
             great
             part
             of
             his
             Forces
             ,
             commanding
             him
             to
             break
             down
             part
             of
             the
             Wall
             ,
             and
             assist
             the
             retreat
             if
             the
             Enemy
             pressed
             hard
             upon
             them
             :
             But
             what
             with
             the
             hast
             and
             confusion
             of
             the
             Person
             that
             was
             sent
             ,
             he
             delivered
             nothing
             clearly
             ;
             so
             that
             quite
             mistaking
             ,
             the
             Young
             Prince
             ,
             with
             the
             best
             of
             his
             men
             ,
             and
             the
             remaining
             Elephants
             ,
             marched
             streight
             through
             the
             Gates
             into
             the
             Town
             to
             assist
             his
             Father
             .
             Pyrrhus
             was
             now
             making
             
             good
             his
             Retreat
             ,
             and
             while
             the
             Market-place
             afforded
             them
             Ground
             enough
             both
             to
             Retreat
             and
             Fight
             ,
             frequently
             repulsed
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             that
             bore
             upon
             him
             ;
             when
             he
             was
             forced
             out
             of
             that
             broad
             place
             ,
             into
             a
             narrow
             street
             leading
             to
             the
             Gate
             ,
             and
             fell
             in
             with
             those
             who
             came
             the
             other
             way
             to
             his
             assistance
             ,
             they
             not
             hearing
             him
             call
             out
             to
             them
             to
             give
             back
             ,
             and
             coming
             on
             very
             briskly
             of
             themselves
             ,
             were
             also
             pushed
             forward
             by
             others
             behind
             ,
             who
             poured
             in
             at
             the
             Gate
             :
             Besides
             the
             largest
             of
             the
             Elephants
             falling
             down
             on
             his
             side
             ,
             in
             the
             very
             Gate
             ,
             and
             terribly
             braying
             ,
             lay
             in
             the
             way
             of
             those
             that
             would
             have
             got
             out
             .
             Another
             of
             these
             already
             
             in
             the
             Town
             ,
             called
             
               Nicon
               ▪
            
             striving
             to
             take
             up
             his
             Rider
             ,
             who
             after
             many
             wounds
             received
             ,
             was
             fallen
             off
             his
             back
             ,
             bore
             forward
             upon
             them
             that
             Retreated
             ,
             and
             thrusting
             as
             well
             Friends
             as
             Enemies
             ,
             tumbled
             them
             all
             confusedly
             upon
             one
             another
             ,
             till
             having
             found
             the
             Body
             ,
             and
             taken
             it
             up
             with
             his
             Trunk
             ,
             he
             carried
             it
             on
             his
             Tushes
             ,
             and
             returning
             in
             a
             great
             Rage
             ,
             trode
             down
             all
             before
             him
             .
             Being
             thus
             pressed
             and
             crowded
             together
             ,
             not
             a
             man
             could
             do
             any
             thing
             singly
             ,
             but
             wedged
             so
             close
             ,
             as
             it
             were
             one
             Mass
             ,
             the
             whole
             multitude
             rolled
             and
             swayed
             this
             way
             and
             that
             altogether
             ,
             they
             did
             very
             little
             Execution
             
             upon
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             either
             in
             their
             Front
             or
             Rear
             ,
             but
             very
             much
             harm
             to
             one
             another
             ;
             for
             he
             who
             had
             either
             drawn
             his
             Sword
             ,
             or
             directed
             his
             Lance
             ,
             could
             neither
             advance
             it
             again
             ,
             nor
             put
             his
             Sword
             up
             ,
             but
             wounded
             their
             own
             men
             ,
             as
             by
             chance
             they
             were
             thrust
             together
             ,
             and
             so
             fell
             dead
             one
             among
             another
             .
             Pyrrhus
             seeing
             the
             mighty
             Storm
             and
             Confusion
             of
             things
             ,
             took
             off
             the
             Crown
             he
             wore
             upon
             his
             Helmet
             ,
             by
             which
             he
             was
             distinguished
             ,
             and
             gave
             it
             to
             one
             nearest
             his
             Person
             ,
             and
             trusting
             to
             the
             goodness
             of
             his
             Horse
             ,
             rid
             in
             among
             the
             thickest
             of
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             being
             wounded
             with
             a
             Lance
             through
             his
             Brest-plate
             ,
             but
             not
             dangerously
             ,
             nor
             indeed
             very
             much
             ,
             he
             turned
             about
             to
             him
             that
             struck
             him
             ,
             who
             was
             an
             Argive
             ,
             not
             a
             man
             of
             any
             Illustrious
             Birth
             ,
             but
             the
             Son
             of
             a
             poor
             old
             Woman
             :
             She
             was
             looking
             upon
             the
             Fight
             among
             other
             Women
             ,
             from
             the
             top
             of
             an
             House
             ,
             and
             perceiving
             her
             Son
             engaged
             with
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             and
             affrighted
             at
             the
             
             danger
             he
             was
             in
             ,
             took
             up
             a
             Tile
             with
             both
             Hands
             ,
             and
             threw
             it
             at
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             which
             falling
             on
             his
             Head
             ,
             below
             his
             Helmet
             ,
             and
             bruising
             the
             Vertebres
             of
             the
             lower
             part
             of
             the
             Neck
             ,
             his
             Eye-sight
             was
             taken
             away
             ,
             his
             Hands
             let
             go
             the
             Reins
             ,
             and
             sinking
             down
             from
             his
             Horse
             ,
             fell
             just
             by
             the
             Tomb
             of
             Lycimnius
             ;
             the
             common
             Soldiers
             knew
             not
             
             who
             it
             was
             ;
             but
             one
             Zopyrus
             ,
             that
             served
             under
             Antigonus
             ,
             and
             two
             or
             three
             others
             running
             thither
             ,
             and
             knowing
             it
             was
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             dragg'd
             him
             to
             a
             Threshold
             hard
             by
             ,
             just
             as
             he
             was
             recovering
             a
             little
             from
             the
             blow
             ;
             Zopyrus
             drawing
             out
             an
             Illyrian
             Sword
             ,
             and
             ready
             to
             cut
             off
             his
             Head
             ,
             
             Pyrrhus
             gave
             him
             so
             fierce
             a
             Look
             ,
             that
             confounded
             with
             Terror
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             his
             Hands
             trembling
             ,
             and
             then
             again
             endeavouring
             to
             do
             it
             ,
             full
             of
             Fear
             and
             Confusion
             ,
             he
             could
             not
             strike
             him
             right
             ,
             but
             cutting
             over
             his
             Mouth
             and
             Chin
             ,
             it
             was
             a
             long
             time
             before
             he
             got
             off
             the
             Head
             :
             This
             was
             quickly
             known
             to
             a
             great
             many
             ,
             and
             Alcyoneus
             hast'ning
             to
             the
             place
             ,
             desired
             to
             look
             upon
             the
             Head
             ,
             and
             see
             whether
             he
             knew
             it
             ,
             and
             taking
             it
             in
             his
             hand
             ,
             rid
             away
             to
             his
             Father
             ,
             and
             threw
             it
             at
             his
             feet
             ,
             while
             he
             was
             sitting
             with
             some
             of
             his
             particular
             Favourites
             :
             Antigonus
             looking
             
             upon
             it
             ,
             and
             knowing
             it
             ,
             thrust
             his
             Son
             from
             him
             ,
             and
             struck
             him
             with
             his
             Cane
             ,
             calling
             him
             wicked
             and
             barbarous
             ,
             and
             covering
             his
             Eyes
             with
             his
             Robe
             ,
             fell
             a
             weeping
             ,
             when
             he
             reflected
             upon
             the
             instances
             of
             the
             change
             of
             Fortune
             in
             his
             own
             Family
             ,
             both
             in
             his
             Grandfather
             ,
             and
             his
             Father
             ,
             and
             caused
             the
             Head
             and
             Body
             of
             Pyrrhus
             to
             be
             burned
             with
             all
             due
             Solemnity
             :
             after
             this
             ,
             Alcyoneus
             discovering
             
             Helenus
             under
             a
             mean
             disguise
             ,
             in
             a
             poor
             thred
             ▪
             bare
             Coat
             ,
             used
             him
             very
             respectfully
             ,
             and
             brought
             him
             to
             his
             Father
             :
             When
             Antigonus
             saw
             him
             ,
             This
             ,
             Son
             ,
             (
             said
             he
             )
             was
             done
             much
             more
             Nobly
             than
             before
             ,
             but
             yet
             there
             is
             a
             defect
             ,
             that
             you
             have
             not
             taken
             off
             that
             old
             Coat
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             Scandal
             to
             us
             who
             have
             got
             the
             Victory
             ;
             and
             then
             treating
             Helenus
             with
             great
             kindness
             ,
             and
             as
             became
             a
             Prince
             ,
             restored
             him
             to
             his
             Kingdom
             of
             Epirus
             ,
             and
             gave
             the
             same
             obliging
             Reception
             to
             all
             Pyrrhus
             his
             principal
             Commanders
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             reduced
             the
             whole
             Army
             under
             his
             Obedience
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             THE
             LIFE
             OF
             CAIUS
             MARIUS
             .
          
           
             Englished
             from
             the
             Greek
             ,
             By
             
               Miles
               Stapleton
            
             ,
             Fellow
             of
             All-Souls
             Colledge
             in
             Oxon.
             
          
           
             VOLUME
             III.
             
          
           
             
               CAIUS
               MARIUS
               .
            
             
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
            
          
           
             2.
             
             We
             have
             seen
             
               Marius's
               Effigies
            
             in
             
             Stone
             at
             Ravenna
             in
             *
             Gallia
             ,
             very
             agreeable
             to
             that
             roughness
             and
             Sowreness
             of
             his
             behaviour
             remarked
             by
             all
             Authors
             ;
             for
             being
             naturally
             valiant
             and
             warlike
             ,
             more
             acquainted
             also
             with
             the
             Discipline
             of
             the
             Camp
             than
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             he
             could
             not
             moderate
             his
             Passion
             ,
             when
             in
             Authority
             .
             He
             is
             said
             ,
             neither
             to
             have
             much
             studied
             Greek
             ,
             nor
             ever
             to
             have
             made
             use
             of
             that
             Language
             in
             any
             matter
             of
             consequence
             ;
             as
             
             thinking
             it
             ridiculous
             to
             bestow
             time
             in
             that
             Learning
             ,
             the
             Teachers
             whereof
             were
             little
             better
             than
             their
             Slaves
             .
             So
             after
             his
             second
             Triumph
             ,
             when
             at
             the
             Dedication
             of
             a
             Temple
             ,
             he
             presented
             some
             Shews
             after
             the
             Greek
             Fashion
             ,
             coming
             into
             the
             Theatre
             ,
             he
             only
             sate
             down
             ,
             and
             immediately
             departed
             .
             Wherefore
             ,
             as
             Plato
             often
             used
             to
             say
             to
             Xenocrates
             the
             Philosopher
             ,
             who
             was
             seemingly
             of
             a
             more
             than
             ordinary
             rigid
             disposition
             :
             Prethee
             ,
             good
             
               Xenocrates
               ,
               sacrifice
               to
               the
               Graces
            
             ;
             so
             if
             any
             could
             have
             perswaded
             Marius
             to
             pay
             his
             Devotions
             to
             the
             Greek
             Muses
             and
             Graces
             ,
             he
             had
             never
             brought
             those
             his
             incomparable
             Designs
             both
             in
             War
             and
             Peace
             ,
             to
             so
             unhappy
             a
             Conclusion
             ,
             or
             plunged
             himself
             into
             a
             turbulent
             and
             unpleasant
             old
             Age
             through
             his
             Passion
             ,
             ill
             tim'd
             Ambition
             ,
             and
             insatiable
             Avarice
             ;
             but
             this
             will
             farther
             appear
             by
             and
             by
             ,
             from
             his
             Actions
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             He
             was
             born
             of
             Parents
             altogether
             
             obscure
             ,
             indigent
             ,
             and
             that
             supported
             themselves
             by
             their
             daily
             labour
             ;
             his
             Father
             of
             the
             same
             name
             with
             himself
             ,
             his
             Mother
             called
             Fulcinia
             .
             He
             had
             passed
             a
             considerable
             part
             of
             his
             Age
             before
             he
             saw
             and
             tasted
             the
             pleasures
             of
             the
             City
             ;
             at
             first
             he
             lived
             in
             Cirraeaton
             ,
             a
             Village
             in
             the
             Territory
             of
             Arpinum
             ,
             a
             life
             compared
             with
             the
             City
             delicacies
             ,
             harsh
             and
             rustical
             ;
             yet
             
             temperate
             ,
             and
             much
             resembling
             the
             ancient
             Roman
             severity
             .
             He
             first
             listed
             himself
             in
             the
             War
             against
             the
             Celtiberes
             ;
             when
             
               Scipio
               Africanus
            
             besieged
             Numantia
             ,
             where
             he
             soon
             signalized
             himself
             to
             his
             General
             ,
             by
             his
             Courage
             ,
             very
             far
             above
             his
             Comrades
             ;
             and
             particularly
             ,
             by
             his
             so
             chearfully
             complying
             with
             
             Scipio's
             Reformation
             of
             his
             Army
             ,
             before
             almost
             ruined
             by
             Pleasures
             and
             Luxury
             .
             'T
             is
             reported
             too
             ,
             that
             he
             challenged
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             encountred
             and
             vanquished
             an
             Enemy
             in
             his
             General
             's
             sight
             ,
             wherefore
             he
             had
             several
             Honours
             conferred
             upon
             him
             ;
             and
             among
             the
             rest
             ,
             when
             at
             an
             Entertainment
             ,
             a
             Discourse
             arising
             about
             Commanders
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             Company
             (
             whether
             really
             desirous
             to
             know
             ,
             or
             only
             in
             Complaisance
             )
             asked
             Scipio
             ,
             where
             the
             Romans
             ,
             after
             him
             ,
             should
             obtain
             such
             another
             General
             ?
             Scipio
             gently
             clapping
             Marius
             o'
             th'
             back
             ,
             who
             sate
             next
             him
             ,
             replied
             ;
             
               Here
               ,
               perhaps
            
             .
             So
             promising
             was
             his
             Nature
             ,
             that
             in
             his
             very
             Youth
             ,
             there
             appeared
             Omens
             of
             his
             future
             Greatness
             ,
             and
             from
             his
             low
             beginnings
             the
             height
             of
             his
             advancement
             might
             be
             collected
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Marius
             fired
             with
             ▪
             this
             Speech
             of
             Scipio
             ,
             as
             with
             a
             Divine
             Oracle
             ,
             took
             the
             courage
             to
             apply
             himself
             to
             the
             management
             of
             Publick
             Affairs
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             assistance
             of
             
               Caecilius
               M●tellus
            
             (
             on
             whose
             Family
             ,
             
             he
             as
             well
             as
             his
             Father
             ,
             had
             continual
             dependence
             )
             obtained
             the
             Office
             of
             Tribune
             of
             the
             People
             .
             In
             which
             place
             ,
             
             when
             he
             would
             have
             made
             a
             Law
             concerning
             Voting
             ,
             which
             seem'd
             to
             lessen
             the
             Authority
             of
             the
             great
             Men
             in
             matters
             of
             Judicature
             )
             the
             Consul
             Cotta
             opposed
             him
             ,
             perswaded
             the
             Senate
             to
             declare
             against
             the
             Law
             ,
             and
             call
             Marius
             to
             an
             account
             for
             it
             :
             But
             he
             ,
             while
             this
             Decree
             was
             preparing
             ,
             coming
             into
             the
             Senate
             ,
             did
             not
             behave
             himself
             like
             a
             young
             man
             newly
             and
             undeservedly
             advanced
             to
             Authority
             :
             But
             taking
             as
             much
             courage
             as
             his
             future
             Actions
             would
             have
             inspired
             into
             him
             ,
             threatned
             Cotta
             ,
             unless
             he
             recalled
             the
             Decree
             ,
             to
             clap
             him
             in
             Prison
             ;
             and
             turning
             to
             Metellus
             ,
             asked
             his
             Vote
             ;
             Metellus
             rising
             up
             ,
             concurred
             with
             the
             Consul
             ,
             whereupon
             Marius
             calling
             for
             an
             Officer
             ,
             commanded
             to
             take
             Metellus
             too
             into
             Custody
             ;
             who
             though
             he
             appealed
             to
             the
             other
             Tribunes
             ,
             yet
             not
             one
             of
             them
             assisted
             him
             ;
             so
             that
             the
             Senate
             immediately
             complying
             ,
             repealed
             the
             Decree
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             Marius
             ,
             now
             famous
             among
             the
             People
             for
             this
             Exploit
             ,
             confirmed
             his
             Law
             ,
             and
             was
             henceforth
             esteemed
             of
             an
             undaunted
             Courage
             and
             Assurance
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             a
             vigorous
             Opposer
             of
             the
             Senate
             in
             favour
             of
             the
             Commons
             .
             But
             he
             immediately
             
             lost
             this
             their
             Opinion
             of
             him
             by
             a
             contrary
             Action
             ;
             for
             when
             a
             Law
             concerning
             
               the
               distribution
               of
               Corn
            
             was
             proposed
             ,
             he
             very
             vigorously
             contradicted
             the
             Citizens
             ,
             and
             carried
             it
             ,
             making
             himself
             equally
             honoured
             by
             both
             Parties
             in
             gratifying
             neither
             ,
             contrary
             to
             the
             Publick
             Interest
             .
             After
             his
             Tribuneship
             he
             was
             Candidate
             for
             the
             Office
             of
             chief
             Edile
             ;
             for
             
             there
             are
             two
             Orders
             of
             them
             ,
             one
             called
             Curulis
             ,
             from
             the
             Stool
             on
             which
             he
             sate
             when
             he
             executed
             his
             Authority
             ;
             the
             other
             inferiour
             ,
             is
             called
             
               Aedilis
               plebis
            
             :
             as
             soon
             as
             they
             have
             chosen
             the
             former
             ,
             they
             give
             their
             Voices
             again
             for
             the
             latter
             :
             Wherefore
             Marius
             ,
             when
             he
             was
             apparently
             like
             to
             be
             put
             by
             the
             greater
             ,
             immediately
             changed
             his
             Design
             ,
             and
             stood
             for
             the
             less
             ;
             but
             because
             he
             seemed
             too
             forward
             and
             opiniatre
             ,
             he
             was
             disappointed
             of
             that
             also
             .
             And
             though
             he
             were
             in
             one
             day
             twice
             frustrated
             of
             his
             desired
             Preferment
             (
             which
             never
             happ'ned
             to
             any
             before
             )
             yet
             he
             was
             not
             at
             all
             discouraged
             ;
             but
             a
             little
             while
             after
             sought
             for
             the
             Praetorship
             ,
             and
             was
             near
             suffering
             a
             Repuse
             ,
             and
             then
             too
             ,
             tho'
             he
             was
             returned
             last
             of
             all
             ,
             was
             nevertheless
             accused
             of
             indirectly
             acquiring
             it
             .
          
           
             6.
             
             Cassius
             Sabaco's
             Servant
             ,
             who
             was
             observed
             
             within
             the
             Rails
             among
             them
             that
             voted
             ,
             chiefly
             occasioned
             the
             suspicion
             ;
             for
             
             this
             Sabaco
             was
             an
             intimate
             Friend
             of
             Marius
             ,
             and
             being
             called
             to
             appear
             before
             the
             Judges
             ,
             alledg'd
             ;
             That
             being
             thirsty
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             heat
             ,
             he
             called
             for
             cold
             water
             ,
             and
             that
             his
             Servant
             brought
             him
             a
             Cup
             ,
             and
             as
             soon
             as
             he
             drank
             ,
             departed
             ;
             however
             he
             was
             excluded
             the
             Senate
             by
             the
             succeeding
             Censors
             ,
             and
             not
             undeservedly
             neither
             (
             as
             was
             thought
             )
             either
             for
             his
             false
             Evidence
             or
             Intemperance
             :
             
               Caius
               Herennius
            
             was
             also
             cited
             as
             Evidence
             ;
             but
             pleaded
             that
             it
             was
             not
             customary
             for
             a
             Patron
             (
             for
             so
             the
             Romans
             call
             their
             Advocates
             )
             to
             witness
             against
             his
             Clients
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Law
             excused
             them
             from
             that
             disobligement
             :
             Now
             both
             his
             Parents
             and
             himself
             were
             always
             Clients
             to
             the
             Family
             of
             the
             Herennii
             ,
             and
             when
             the
             Judges
             would
             have
             accepted
             of
             this
             Plea
             ,
             Marius
             himself
             opposed
             it
             ,
             and
             told
             Herennius
             ,
             that
             when
             he
             was
             first
             created
             Magistrate
             ,
             he
             ceased
             to
             be
             his
             Client
             ,
             which
             was
             not
             altogether
             true
             :
             For
             it
             is
             not
             every
             Office
             that
             frees
             Clients
             and
             their
             Posterity
             from
             the
             observance
             due
             to
             their
             Patrons
             ,
             but
             only
             that
             to
             which
             the
             Law
             has
             assigned
             a
             
               Sella
               Curulis
            
             .
             Notwithstanding
             ,
             though
             at
             the
             beginning
             of
             the
             Suit
             it
             went
             somewhat
             hard
             with
             Marius
             ,
             and
             he
             found
             the
             Judges
             no
             way
             favourable
             to
             him
             ;
             yet
             at
             last
             their
             Voices
             being
             equal
             ,
             he
             was
             beyond
             expectation
             acquitted
             .
          
           
           
             7.
             
             In
             his
             Praetorship
             he
             got
             not
             much
             Honour
             ,
             yet
             afterwards
             obtained
             the
             farther
             Spain
             ;
             which
             Province
             he
             is
             said
             to
             have
             cleared
             of
             Thieves
             ,
             when
             as
             yet
             it
             was
             not
             throughly
             setled
             in
             Peace
             ,
             and
             much
             wasted
             by
             the
             late
             Wars
             ;
             and
             the
             Spaniards
             in
             those
             days
             thought
             Robbery
             a
             piece
             of
             Valour
             .
             Returning
             to
             the
             Affairs
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             he
             trusted
             neither
             to
             Riches
             nor
             to
             Elequence
             ,
             with
             which
             the
             leading
             Men
             chiefly
             took
             the
             People
             ;
             but
             the
             Citizens
             having
             his
             fierce
             disposition
             ,
             indefatigable
             pains
             and
             popular
             way
             of
             living
             in
             high
             esteem
             ,
             he
             acquired
             by
             these
             Offices
             great
             Wealth
             and
             Power
             ;
             so
             that
             he
             made
             a
             very
             honourable
             Match
             with
             Julia
             of
             the
             
             Renowned
             Family
             of
             the
             Caesars
             ,
             to
             whom
             that
             Caesar
             was
             Nephew
             ,
             who
             was
             afterwards
             so
             great
             among
             the
             Romans
             ,
             and
             who
             by
             the
             relation
             he
             had
             to
             Marius
             ,
             was
             popular
             with
             that
             Party
             ;
             as
             in
             his
             Life
             we
             have
             observed
             .
             They
             attribute
             to
             Marius
             both
             Temperance
             and
             Patience
             ,
             of
             which
             latter
             he
             gave
             a
             pregnant
             instance
             in
             an
             operation
             of
             Surgery
             ;
             for
             having
             (
             as
             it
             seems
             )
             both
             his
             Legs
             full
             of
             great
             Tumours
             called
             Varices
             ,
             and
             being
             troubled
             at
             their
             deformity
             ,
             he
             determined
             to
             put
             himself
             into
             the
             hands
             of
             an
             Operator
             :
             where
             without
             being
             tied
             ,
             he
             stretched
             out
             one
             of
             his
             Legs
             ,
             and
             silently
             ,
             without
             changing
             
             Countenance
             ,
             endured
             most
             excessive
             torments
             in
             the
             cutting
             ,
             never
             either
             flinching
             or
             complaining
             ;
             but
             when
             the
             Surgeon
             went
             to
             the
             other
             ,
             he
             suffered
             him
             not
             ;
             saying
             ,
             
               I
               see
               the
               Cure
               is
               not
               worth
               the
               Pain
               .
            
          
           
             8.
             
             The
             Consul
             
               Caecilius
               Metellus
            
             being
             
             declared
             General
             in
             the
             War
             against
             Jugurtha
             in
             Africk
             ,
             took
             with
             him
             Marius
             for
             Lieutenant
             ;
             where
             he
             putting
             himself
             upon
             the
             performance
             of
             dangerous
             Actions
             and
             honourable
             Adventures
             ,
             neglected
             
             Metellus's
             Glory
             and
             the
             serving
             his
             Interest
             ,
             as
             others
             before
             him
             had
             practised
             ;
             for
             attributing
             his
             Honour
             of
             Lieutenancy
             not
             to
             Metellus
             but
             Fortune
             ,
             which
             had
             presented
             him
             with
             a
             proper
             opportunity
             and
             Theatre
             of
             great
             Actions
             ,
             he
             exerted
             his
             utmost
             Courage
             .
             That
             War
             too
             affording
             several
             difficulties
             ,
             he
             neither
             declined
             the
             greatest
             ,
             nor
             disdained
             undertaking
             the
             least
             of
             them
             ;
             but
             surpassing
             his
             Equals
             in
             Counsel
             and
             Conduct
             ,
             and
             matching
             the
             very
             common
             Soldiers
             in
             Labour
             and
             Abstemiousness
             ,
             he
             strangely
             won
             their
             Affections
             ;
             for
             the
             voluntary
             partaking
             with
             them
             in
             their
             Labour
             seems
             to
             be
             an
             easing
             of
             them
             ;
             inasmuch
             as
             they
             apprehend
             it
             to
             take
             away
             the
             constraint
             and
             necessity
             of
             working
             .
             It
             is
             the
             most
             obliging
             sight
             in
             the
             World
             to
             the
             Romans
             to
             see
             a
             Commander
             
             eat
             the
             same
             Meat
             with
             his
             Soldiers
             ,
             or
             lie
             upon
             an
             ordinary
             Bed
             ,
             or
             assist
             the
             Work
             in
             the
             drawing
             a
             Trench
             and
             raising
             a
             Bulwark
             ;
             for
             they
             do
             not
             so
             much
             admire
             those
             that
             conferr
             Honours
             and
             Riches
             upon
             them
             ,
             as
             those
             that
             partake
             of
             the
             same
             labour
             and
             danger
             with
             themselves
             ;
             but
             love
             them
             better
             that
             will
             vouchsafe
             to
             forward
             their
             work
             ,
             than
             those
             that
             encourage
             their
             idleness
             .
          
           
             9.
             
             Whilst
             Marius
             was
             thus
             employed
             ,
             and
             thereby
             won
             mightily
             upon
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             he
             immediately
             filled
             both
             Africk
             and
             Rome
             with
             his
             Fame
             ,
             and
             some
             too
             wrote
             home
             from
             the
             Army
             ,
             that
             the
             War
             with
             Africa
             would
             never
             be
             brought
             to
             a
             Conclusion
             ,
             unless
             they
             chose
             
               C.
               Marius
            
             Consul
             ,
             whereas
             Metellus
             was
             apparently
             incensed
             ;
             but
             was
             more
             especially
             grieved
             at
             the
             Calamity
             of
             Turpilius
             .
             This
             Turpilius
             
             had
             from
             his
             Ancestors
             been
             a
             Friend
             of
             ,
             and
             kept
             constant
             Hospitality
             with
             Metellus
             ;
             and
             now
             being
             made
             by
             him
             Overseer
             of
             the
             Workmen
             ,
             was
             concerned
             in
             this
             War
             ,
             where
             commanding
             a
             Garrison
             in
             Vacca
             a
             considerable
             City
             ,
             and
             trusting
             too
             much
             to
             the
             Inhabitants
             ,
             because
             he
             treated
             them
             civilly
             and
             kindly
             ,
             he
             unawares
             fell
             into
             the
             Enemies
             hands
             ,
             for
             they
             received
             Jugurtha
             into
             the
             City
             ,
             yet
             nevertheless
             at
             their
             request
             Turpilius
             was
             dismissed
             
             safe
             ,
             and
             without
             receiving
             any
             Injury
             ;
             whereupon
             he
             was
             accused
             of
             betraying
             
             it
             to
             the
             Enemy
             .
             Marius
             ,
             being
             one
             of
             the
             Council
             of
             War
             ,
             was
             not
             only
             violent
             against
             him
             himself
             ,
             but
             also
             incensed
             most
             of
             the
             others
             ,
             so
             that
             Metellus
             was
             forced
             (
             much
             against
             his
             Will
             )
             to
             put
             him
             to
             death
             .
             Not
             long
             after
             ,
             the
             Accusation
             proved
             false
             ,
             and
             when
             others
             were
             comforting
             Metellus
             ,
             who
             took
             heavily
             the
             loss
             of
             his
             Friend
             .
             Marius
             rather
             insulting
             and
             arrogating
             it
             to
             himself
             ,
             boasted
             in
             all
             Companies
             that
             he
             had
             lodged
             a
             Fury
             in
             
             Metellus's
             Soul
             ,
             by
             forcing
             him
             to
             put
             to
             death
             his
             dearest
             Friend
             .
          
           
             10.
             
             Henceforward
             they
             were
             at
             open
             variance
             ;
             and
             't
             is
             reported
             ,
             that
             Metellus
             should
             say
             ,
             drolling
             upon
             Marius
             then
             present
             .
             
               Oh
               Sir
               ,
               you
               design
               to
               leave
               us
               to
               go
               home
               and
               stand
               for
               the
               Consulship
               ,
               would
               not
               you
               be
               well
               enough
               contented
               to
               be
               Consul
               with
               this
               Boy
               of
               mine
               ?
            
             Now
             
             Metellus's
             Son
             was
             very
             young
             ;
             yet
             for
             all
             this
             Marius
             being
             
             very
             importunate
             to
             be
             gone
             ,
             after
             several
             delays
             ,
             he
             was
             dismissed
             about
             twelve
             days
             before
             the
             Election
             of
             Consuls
             ;
             and
             performed
             that
             long
             Journey
             from
             the
             Camp
             to
             Vtica
             (
             a
             Sea
             Town
             )
             in
             two
             days
             and
             a
             night
             ,
             and
             there
             doing
             sacrifice
             before
             he
             went
             on
             Ship-board
             ,
             it
             is
             said
             ,
             the
             Augur
             told
             him
             ,
             that
             Heaven
             promised
             him
             some
             
             incredible
             good
             Fortune
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             was
             beyond
             all
             expectation
             .
             Marius
             not
             a
             little
             proud
             of
             this
             Omen
             ,
             began
             his
             Voyage
             ,
             and
             in
             four
             days
             with
             a
             favourable
             wind
             ,
             passed
             the
             Sea
             ;
             he
             was
             extreamly
             welcome
             to
             the
             People
             ▪
             and
             being
             brought
             into
             the
             Assembly
             by
             one
             of
             the
             Tribunes
             ,
             he
             sued
             for
             the
             Consulship
             ,
             mightily
             inveighing
             against
             Metellus
             ,
             and
             promising
             either
             to
             slay
             Jugurtha
             ,
             or
             take
             him
             alive
             .
          
           
             11.
             
             He
             was
             elected
             with
             great
             Applause
             ;
             
             but
             presently
             levied
             Soldiers
             contrary
             both
             to
             Law
             and
             Custom
             ,
             listing
             several
             Slaves
             and
             poor
             People
             ;
             whereas
             former
             Commanders
             never
             accepted
             of
             such
             ;
             but
             bestowed
             Arms
             ,
             like
             other
             Favours
             ,
             with
             Honour
             on
             deserving
             Persons
             ;
             every
             one
             esteeming
             his
             Wealth
             as
             a
             pledge
             for
             his
             good
             performance
             .
             These
             were
             not
             the
             only
             prejudices
             against
             Marius
             ;
             but
             some
             haughty
             *
             Speeches
             ,
             utter'd
             with
             great
             arrogance
             and
             contempt
             ,
             grieved
             the
             Nobility
             extreamly
             ;
             as
             that
             he
             should
             say
             ,
             he
             took
             the
             Consulship
             as
             a
             prey
             from
             the
             effeminacy
             of
             the
             wealthy
             and
             nobler
             Citizens
             ▪
             and
             tell
             the
             People
             that
             he
             gloried
             in
             the
             wounds
             he
             received
             for
             them
             ,
             more
             than
             others
             in
             the
             Monuments
             of
             the
             Dead
             and
             Images
             of
             their
             Ancestors
             ,
             often
             speaking
             of
             those
             Commanders
             ,
             Bestia
             and
             Albinus
             ,
             that
             were
             unfortunate
             in
             Africk
             ,
             said
             ,
             
             that
             they
             were
             indeed
             men
             of
             very
             good
             Families
             ,
             but
             unfit
             for
             War
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             miscarried
             through
             want
             of
             experience
             ;
             and
             asked
             them
             that
             were
             about
             him
             ,
             if
             they
             did
             not
             think
             that
             their
             Ancestors
             had
             not
             much
             rather
             have
             left
             a
             Posterity
             like
             him
             ,
             since
             they
             themselves
             grew
             famous
             not
             by
             Nobility
             ,
             but
             by
             their
             Valour
             and
             great
             Actions
             ?
             This
             he
             did
             not
             say
             merely
             out
             of
             Vanity
             and
             arrogance
             ,
             or
             that
             he
             were
             willing
             without
             any
             advantage
             to
             reproach
             the
             Nobility
             ;
             but
             the
             People
             always
             delighting
             in
             Affronts
             and
             scurrilous
             Contumelies
             against
             the
             Senate
             (
             whereby
             they
             measure
             greatness
             of
             Spirit
             )
             continually
             encouraged
             him
             in
             it
             ,
             and
             instigated
             him
             not
             to
             spare
             the
             most
             worthy
             Persons
             ,
             so
             that
             he
             might
             thereby
             gratifie
             the
             Multitude
             .
          
           
             12.
             
             As
             soon
             as
             he
             arrived
             again
             in
             Africk
             ,
             
             Metellus
             now
             not
             able
             to
             bear
             up
             under
             the
             violence
             of
             the
             others
             Envy
             ,
             and
             Vehemence
             of
             his
             own
             Passion
             ;
             That
             having
             finished
             the
             War
             ,
             and
             nothing
             left
             but
             to
             secure
             the
             Person
             of
             
               Jugurtha
               ,
               Marius
            
             now
             grown
             great
             merely
             through
             his
             Ingratitude
             to
             him
             ,
             should
             bereave
             him
             both
             of
             his
             Victory
             and
             Triumph
             ,
             he
             could
             not
             stand
             the
             Interview
             ;
             but
             of
             himself
             retired
             ,
             whilst
             Rutilius
             his
             Lievtenant
             surrendred
             up
             the
             Army
             to
             Marius
             ,
             which
             the
             just
             wrath
             
             of
             the
             Gods
             returned
             upon
             his
             Head
             in
             the
             end
             of
             the
             War
             ;
             for
             Sylla
             deprived
             him
             of
             the
             glory
             of
             the
             Action
             ,
             as
             he
             had
             done
             Metellus
             ;
             the
             manner
             of
             it
             I
             shall
             lay
             down
             in
             a
             word
             or
             two
             ,
             having
             more
             particularly
             insisted
             upon
             it
             in
             
             Sylla's
             Life
             .
             Bocchus
             was
             King
             of
             Mauritania
             ,
             and
             Father-in-law
             to
             Jugurtha
             ,
             yet
             sent
             him
             little
             or
             no
             assistance
             in
             his
             War
             ,
             pretending
             his
             unfaithfulness
             ,
             though
             really
             jealous
             of
             his
             growing
             Power
             ;
             but
             after
             Jugurtha
             fled
             ,
             and
             in
             his
             distress
             came
             to
             him
             as
             his
             last
             Sanctuary
             ,
             he
             received
             him
             indeed
             as
             a
             Suppliant
             ,
             rather
             because
             ashamed
             to
             do
             otherwise
             ,
             than
             out
             of
             real
             kindness
             ;
             and
             when
             he
             had
             him
             in
             his
             power
             ,
             he
             openly
             intreated
             Marius
             on
             his
             behalf
             ,
             and
             vigorously
             interceded
             for
             him
             ,
             giving
             out
             that
             he
             would
             by
             no
             means
             deliver
             him
             ,
             yet
             privately
             designing
             to
             betray
             him
             ,
             he
             sent
             for
             
               L.
               Sylla
            
             ,
             Quaestor
             to
             Marius
             ,
             and
             who
             had
             sometimes
             befriended
             Boccchus
             in
             the
             Army
             .
             
             When
             Sylla
             relying
             on
             his
             word
             came
             to
             him
             ,
             the
             African
             began
             to
             repent
             of
             his
             purpose
             ,
             and
             often
             changed
             his
             mind
             ,
             being
             for
             several
             days
             unresolved
             with
             himself
             whether
             he
             should
             deliver
             Jugurtha
             ,
             or
             retain
             Sylla
             ;
             at
             length
             he
             fixed
             upon
             his
             former
             Treachery
             ,
             and
             put
             Jugurtha
             alive
             into
             
             Sylla's
             possession
             .
          
           
           
             13.
             
             This
             gave
             the
             first
             rise
             to
             that
             sad
             and
             deplorable
             Civil
             War
             ,
             which
             almost
             ruined
             the
             whole
             Roman
             Empire
             ;
             for
             many
             that
             envied
             Marius
             ,
             attributed
             the
             Success
             wholly
             to
             Sylla
             ;
             and
             Sylla
             himself
             made
             him
             a
             Seal
             ,
             wherein
             was
             engraven
             Bocchus
             
             betraying
             Jugurtha
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             this
             he
             constantly
             used
             ;
             whereby
             he
             highly
             provoked
             Marius
             ,
             a
             man
             extreamly
             ambitious
             and
             jealous
             of
             a
             Rival
             in
             his
             Glory
             ,
             his
             Enemies
             especially
             promoting
             the
             Dissention
             ,
             and
             ascribing
             the
             beginning
             and
             chief
             business
             of
             the
             War
             to
             Metellus
             ,
             and
             the
             conclusion
             to
             Sylla
             ;
             that
             so
             the
             People
             might
             give
             over
             admiring
             and
             esteeming
             Marius
             as
             the
             worthiest
             Person
             .
             But
             these
             Envyings
             and
             Calumnies
             were
             soon
             dispersed
             and
             wiped
             off
             from
             Marius
             ,
             by
             the
             eminent
             danger
             that
             threatned
             Italy
             from
             the
             *
             West
             ;
             for
             the
             City
             had
             great
             need
             of
             a
             good
             Commander
             ,
             and
             fought
             about
             whom
             she
             might
             set
             at
             the
             Helm
             ,
             to
             repel
             the
             Inundation
             of
             so
             great
             a
             War
             ;
             and
             when
             not
             of
             the
             Noble
             or
             Potent
             Families
             appeared
             Candidate
             for
             the
             Consulship
             ,
             they
             created
             Marius
             ,
             though
             then
             absent
             .
          
           
             14.
             
             Now
             
             Jugurtha's
             Defeat
             was
             just
             noised
             about
             ,
             when
             the
             News
             of
             the
             Invasion
             
             of
             the
             Teutones
             and
             Cimbri
             began
             :
             at
             first
             it
             exceeded
             all
             credit
             ,
             as
             to
             the
             number
             and
             
             strength
             of
             the
             approaching
             Army
             ;
             but
             at
             length
             that
             report
             proved
             much
             inferior
             to
             the
             Truth
             ,
             for
             they
             were
             300000
             effective
             fighting
             men
             ;
             besides
             a
             far
             greater
             number
             of
             Women
             and
             Children
             .
             Their
             pretence
             was
             the
             seeking
             New
             Countries
             to
             sustain
             their
             so
             great
             Multitudes
             ,
             and
             Cities
             where
             they
             might
             settle
             and
             inhabit
             ;
             as
             they
             had
             heard
             the
             Celtae
             before
             them
             had
             expulsed
             the
             Tyrrheni
             ,
             and
             possessed
             themselves
             of
             the
             best
             part
             of
             Italy
             .
             Now
             these
             having
             had
             no
             Commerce
             with
             the
             Southern
             Nations
             ,
             and
             coming
             from
             Countries
             far
             remote
             ;
             no
             man
             knew
             what
             People
             they
             were
             ,
             or
             whence
             they
             came
             ,
             that
             thus
             like
             a
             Cloud
             hovered
             over
             Gallia
             and
             Italy
             :
             yet
             by
             their
             grey
             Eyes
             and
             the
             largeness
             of
             their
             Stature
             ,
             they
             conjectured
             them
             to
             be
             some
             of
             those
             Germans
             that
             dwell
             by
             the
             Northern
             Sea
             :
             besides
             that
             the
             Germans
             call
             their
             *
             Soldiers
             Cimbri
             .
          
           
             15.
             
             There
             are
             some
             that
             say
             ,
             that
             the
             Country
             of
             Celtae
             ,
             through
             the
             largeness
             and
             extent
             of
             the
             Place
             ,
             reacheth
             from
             the
             farthest
             Sea
             and
             Northern
             Climes
             to
             the
             Lake
             Maeotis
             Eastward
             ,
             and
             to
             that
             part
             of
             Scythia
             which
             is
             near
             Pontus
             ;
             and
             that
             there
             the
             two
             Nations
             mingled
             together
             :
             that
             they
             did
             not
             swarm
             out
             of
             their
             Country
             all
             at
             once
             ,
             or
             on
             a
             sudden
             ,
             but
             at
             a
             certain
             Season
             every
             year
             ;
             still
             going
             forward
             
             at
             several
             times
             ,
             gave
             disturbance
             with
             their
             Wars
             to
             the
             whole
             Continent
             ;
             whereby
             ,
             though
             each
             Party
             had
             several
             appellations
             ,
             yet
             the
             whole
             Army
             was
             called
             by
             the
             common
             name
             of
             Celtick-Scythians
             .
             Others
             say
             that
             they
             were
             a
             small
             parcel
             of
             the
             Cimmerii
             ,
             anciently
             well
             known
             to
             the
             Grecians
             ;
             who
             upon
             some
             Sedition
             raised
             among
             the
             Scythians
             ,
             passed
             all
             along
             from
             the
             Lake
             Maeotis
             to
             Asia
             ,
             under
             the
             Conduct
             of
             one
             Lygdamis
             ;
             but
             the
             greater
             and
             more
             warlike
             part
             of
             them
             still
             inhabit
             the
             remotest
             Regions
             lying
             upon
             the
             farther
             Ocean
             .
             These
             they
             say
             ,
             live
             in
             a
             dark
             Woody
             Country
             ,
             hardly
             penetrable
             by
             the
             Sun-beams
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             their
             many
             high
             and
             spreading
             Trees
             ;
             which
             also
             reach
             inward
             as
             far
             as
             the
             Hercinian
             Forest
             ;
             that
             they
             are
             under
             that
             part
             of
             Heaven
             ,
             where
             the
             Pole
             is
             so
             elevated
             ,
             that
             by
             the
             Declination
             of
             the
             Parallels
             ,
             the
             Zenith
             of
             the
             Inhabitants
             seems
             to
             be
             but
             little
             distant
             from
             it
             ;
             and
             that
             their
             Days
             and
             Nights
             being
             almost
             of
             an
             equal
             length
             ,
             they
             divide
             their
             Year
             into
             one
             of
             each
             .
             This
             dismal
             Country
             gave
             Homer
             
             occasion
             for
             the
             Fiction
             ,
             
               that
               when
            
             Ulysses
             
               would
               call
               up
               the
               dead
               ,
               he
               retired
               into
               the
               Country
               of
               the
            
             Cimmerians
             ;
             as
             conceiving
             it
             either
             Hell
             it self
             ,
             or
             a
             place
             nearest
             to
             it
             ;
             and
             that
             from
             hence
             those
             People
             ,
             who
             
             were
             anciently
             called
             Cimmerii
             ,
             and
             then
             (
             though
             not
             from
             their
             manner
             of
             Life
             )
             Cimbri
             ,
             came
             into
             Italy
             ;
             but
             this
             is
             rather
             Conjecture
             then
             an
             Authentick
             History
             .
          
           
             16.
             
             However
             ,
             most
             Writers
             agree
             ,
             that
             the
             number
             of
             this
             Rascality
             was
             not
             less
             ,
             but
             rather
             greater
             than
             was
             reported
             .
             They
             were
             of
             an
             invincible
             strength
             and
             fierceness
             in
             their
             Wars
             ▪
             and
             came
             on
             with
             the
             same
             irresistable
             violence
             as
             a
             deavouring
             flame
             ;
             nor
             could
             any
             withstand
             their
             fury
             in
             their
             march
             ,
             but
             all
             ,
             as
             many
             as
             they
             assaulted
             ,
             were
             troden
             down
             and
             hurried
             along
             as
             their
             Prey
             .
             Several
             of
             the
             greatest
             Roman
             Commanders
             with
             their
             whole
             Armies
             ,
             that
             were
             set
             for
             the
             Defence
             of
             
               Gallia
               Transalpina
            
             ,
             were
             ingloriously
             overthrown
             ;
             who
             indeed
             by
             their
             faint
             resistance
             chiefly
             gave
             them
             the
             boldness
             of
             marching
             towards
             Rome
             :
             for
             having
             vanquished
             all
             they
             set
             upon
             ,
             and
             being
             well
             laden
             with
             Plunder
             ,
             they
             resolved
             to
             settle
             themselves
             no
             where
             till
             they
             should
             have
             raised
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             wasted
             all
             Italy
             .
             The
             Romans
             being
             from
             all
             Parts
             alarmed
             with
             this
             News
             ,
             sent
             for
             Marius
             
             to
             manage
             the
             War
             ,
             and
             nominated
             him
             the
             
               second
               time
               Consul
            
             ;
             though
             the
             Law
             did
             not
             permit
             any
             one
             that
             was
             absent
             ,
             or
             that
             had
             not
             stayed
             a
             certain
             time
             from
             
             his
             first
             Consulship
             to
             be
             again
             created
             :
             yet
             the
             People
             rejected
             all
             Opposers
             ;
             for
             they
             considered
             this
             was
             not
             the
             first
             time
             ,
             that
             the
             Law
             gave
             place
             to
             the
             Common
             Interest
             ,
             nor
             the
             present
             occasion
             less
             urgent
             than
             that
             ,
             when
             contrary
             to
             Law
             ,
             they
             made
             Scipio
             Consul
             ;
             then
             not
             fearing
             the
             destruction
             of
             their
             own
             City
             ,
             but
             desiring
             the
             ruine
             of
             that
             of
             the
             Carthaginians
             .
          
           
             17.
             
             This
             prevailed
             ,
             and
             Marius
             bringing
             over
             his
             Legions
             out
             of
             Africk
             on
             the
             
             very
             first
             day
             of
             January
             (
             which
             the
             Romans
             reckon
             the
             beginning
             of
             their
             Year
             )
             he
             received
             the
             Consulship
             ,
             and
             then
             also
             entred
             into
             Triumph
             ,
             shewing
             Jugurtha
             a
             Prisoner
             to
             the
             People
             ,
             a
             Sight
             beyond
             their
             expectation
             ;
             for
             none
             could
             hope
             to
             subdue
             that
             Province
             while
             he
             lived
             ;
             so
             cautelous
             was
             the
             man
             in
             complying
             with
             all
             the
             turns
             of
             Fortune
             ,
             and
             to
             his
             Valour
             had
             the
             addition
             of
             a
             great
             share
             of
             Craft
             .
             'T
             is
             said
             ,
             that
             when
             he
             was
             led
             in
             Triumph
             ,
             he
             fell
             distracted
             ,
             and
             was
             afterwards
             thrown
             into
             Prison
             ,
             where
             some
             forcibly
             tore
             off
             his
             Cloaths
             ;
             and
             others
             whilst
             they
             strove
             for
             his
             Golden
             Pendant
             ,
             with
             it
             pulled
             off
             the
             tip
             of
             his
             Ear
             ;
             and
             when
             he
             was
             cast
             naked
             into
             the
             Dungeon
             ,
             full
             of
             horrour
             ,
             yet
             forcing
             a
             smile
             ,
             he
             cryed
             out
             ,
             
               O
               Heavens
               !
               How
               intolerably
               cold
               is
               this
               Bath
               of
               yours
               ?
            
             where
             for
             six
             
             days
             struggling
             with
             extream
             hunger
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             very
             last
             minute
             seeming
             desirous
             of
             Life
             ,
             he
             was
             over
             taken
             by
             the
             just
             reward
             of
             his
             Villainies
             .
             In
             this
             Triumph
             was
             brought
             (
             as
             was
             reported
             )
             of
             Gold
             3007
             pound
             weight
             ,
             of
             Silver
             Bullion
             5775
             ,
             of
             Money
             in
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             Coin
             17028
             Drachms
             .
             After
             the
             Solemnity
             ,
             Marius
             called
             together
             the
             Senate
             in
             the
             Capitol
             ,
             and
             entred
             the
             Court
             insolently
             ,
             whether
             through
             inadvertency
             ,
             or
             too
             much
             puffed
             up
             with
             his
             good
             Fortune
             ,
             in
             his
             Triumphal
             Habit
             ;
             yet
             presently
             observing
             the
             Senate
             offended
             at
             it
             ,
             he
             went
             out
             ,
             and
             putting
             on
             his
             ordinary
             Purple
             Robe
             ,
             immediately
             returned
             .
          
           
             18.
             
             In
             his
             Expeditions
             he
             appeared
             in
             
             the
             Head
             of
             his
             Army
             ,
             and
             trained
             them
             in
             their
             exercises
             while
             they
             marched
             ;
             using
             them
             to
             labour
             and
             weariness
             ,
             to
             long
             and
             tedious
             Journies
             ,
             and
             compelled
             each
             Soldier
             to
             carry
             his
             own
             Baggage
             ,
             and
             provide
             his
             own
             Victuals
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             thence
             forward
             such
             as
             were
             very
             laborious
             ,
             silently
             without
             grumbling
             doing
             their
             work
             ,
             were
             called
             
             Marius's
             Mules
             .
             But
             some
             think
             there
             was
             another
             occasion
             of
             this
             Proverb
             ;
             that
             when
             Scipio
             besieged
             Numantia
             ,
             he
             being
             careful
             to
             inspect
             not
             only
             their
             Horses
             and
             Arms
             ,
             but
             their
             Mules
             and
             Carriages
             too
             ,
             and
             see
             
             how
             well
             equipped
             and
             in
             what
             readiness
             each
             one
             's
             was
             ,
             Marius
             brought
             forth
             his
             Horse
             ,
             which
             had
             fed
             extreamly
             well
             ,
             and
             a
             Mule
             in
             better
             case
             ,
             stronger
             and
             gentler
             than
             those
             of
             others
             ;
             whereupon
             the
             General
             was
             very
             well
             pleased
             with
             ,
             and
             often
             mentioned
             ,
             
             Marius's
             Beasts
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             when
             they
             would
             droll
             in
             the
             praise
             of
             a
             continual
             drudging
             ,
             laborious
             Fellow
             ,
             they
             called
             him
             
             Marius's
             Mule.
             
          
           
             19.
             
             But
             to
             proceed
             ;
             Very
             great
             good
             
             Fortune
             seemed
             to
             attend
             Marius
             ;
             for
             the
             Enemy
             in
             a
             manner
             changing
             their
             course
             ,
             and
             falling
             first
             upon
             Spain
             ,
             he
             had
             time
             to
             exercise
             his
             Soldiers
             ,
             and
             confirm
             their
             Courage
             ;
             and
             which
             was
             most
             considerable
             ,
             to
             shew
             them
             what
             he
             himself
             was
             .
             For
             that
             fierce
             humour
             of
             his
             in
             Authority
             and
             inexorableness
             in
             punishing
             ,
             proved
             both
             just
             and
             advantageous
             to
             those
             that
             did
             not
             use
             to
             do
             amiss
             ,
             and
             were
             not
             stubborn
             in
             their
             faults
             ;
             and
             his
             turbulent
             Spirit
             ,
             stern
             Voice
             ,
             and
             sowre
             Aspect
             ,
             which
             were
             in
             a
             little
             while
             grown
             familiar
             to
             them
             ,
             they
             esteemed
             terrible
             not
             to
             themselves
             ,
             but
             only
             to
             their
             Enemies
             .
             But
             his
             Uprightness
             in
             judging
             did
             more
             
             especially
             please
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             whereof
             this
             is
             a
             remarkable
             instance
             .
             One
             
               C.
               Lucius
            
             his
             own
             Nephew
             ,
             had
             a
             command
             under
             him
             in
             the
             Army
             ,
             who
             was
             a
             man
             in
             other
             
             respects
             not
             notoriously
             debauched
             ,
             but
             much
             given
             to
             the
             unlawful
             Love
             of
             young
             men
             ;
             he
             particularly
             loved
             one
             that
             was
             under
             his
             Command
             called
             Trebonius
             ,
             with
             
             whom
             notwithstanding
             his
             many
             solicitations
             ,
             he
             could
             never
             prevail
             ;
             at
             length
             one
             Night
             he
             sent
             a
             Messenger
             for
             him
             ,
             and
             Trebonius
             came
             (
             for
             it
             was
             not
             lawful
             for
             him
             to
             refuse
             when
             he
             was
             sent
             for
             )
             and
             being
             brought
             into
             his
             Tent
             ,
             as
             Lucius
             endeavoured
             to
             force
             him
             ,
             he
             drew
             his
             Sword
             and
             ran
             him
             thorough
             .
             This
             was
             done
             whilst
             Marius
             was
             absent
             ;
             who
             ,
             when
             he
             returned
             ,
             appointed
             Trebonius
             a
             time
             for
             his
             Tryal
             ;
             where
             whilst
             many
             accused
             him
             ,
             and
             not
             any
             one
             appeared
             in
             his
             Defence
             ,
             he
             himself
             with
             an
             undaunted
             assurancer
             elated
             the
             whole
             matter
             ,
             and
             brought
             witness
             that
             he
             had
             often
             resisted
             
             Lucius's
             importunity
             ;
             and
             that
             though
             he
             had
             given
             him
             considerable
             Presents
             ,
             he
             had
             never
             consented
             to
             him
             .
             Marius
             admiring
             ,
             and
             very
             much
             pleased
             at
             it
             ,
             commanded
             a
             Garland
             (
             the
             usual
             reward
             of
             Valour
             )
             to
             be
             brought
             ,
             wherewith
             he
             himself
             Crowned
             Trebonius
             ;
             as
             having
             performed
             an
             excellent
             Action
             ,
             at
             a
             time
             that
             very
             much
             wanted
             such
             good
             Examples
             .
          
           
             20.
             
             This
             being
             told
             at
             Rome
             ,
             proved
             no
             
             small
             help
             to
             Marius
             towards
             his
             Third
             Consulship
             ;
             to
             which
             also
             conduced
             the
             
             expectation
             of
             the
             Barbarians
             at
             that
             time
             of
             the
             year
             ,
             the
             People
             being
             unwilling
             to
             trust
             their
             Fortunes
             with
             any
             other
             General
             but
             him
             ;
             however
             their
             arrival
             was
             not
             so
             sudden
             as
             was
             imagined
             ,
             but
             the
             time
             of
             
             Marius's
             third
             Consulship
             was
             again
             expired
             .
             The
             Election
             coming
             on
             ,
             and
             his
             Collegue
             being
             dead
             ,
             he
             left
             the
             Command
             of
             the
             Army
             to
             
               Manius
               Aquilius
            
             ,
             and
             hastned
             to
             Rome
             ,
             where
             several
             eminent
             Persons
             being
             Candidates
             for
             the
             Consulship
             ,
             
               Lucius
               Saturninus
            
             (
             who
             more
             than
             any
             of
             the
             other
             Tribunes
             ,
             swayed
             the
             Populace
             ,
             and
             of
             whom
             Marius
             himself
             was
             very
             observant
             )
             made
             an
             Harangue
             to
             the
             People
             ,
             advising
             them
             to
             chuse
             Marius
             Consul
             ;
             but
             he
             seeming
             to
             decline
             the
             Office
             ,
             as
             one
             pretending
             never
             to
             be
             ambitious
             of
             it
             ,
             Saturninus
             called
             him
             Traytor
             to
             his
             Country
             ,
             that
             in
             such
             apparent
             danger
             would
             desert
             the
             War.
             And
             though
             it
             was
             not
             difficult
             to
             discover
             that
             he
             was
             assistant
             to
             Marius
             in
             putting
             this
             Sham
             upon
             the
             People
             ;
             yet
             they
             considering
             ,
             that
             the
             present
             Juncture
             very
             much
             required
             his
             rough
             Discipline
             ,
             and
             his
             good
             Fortune
             too
             ,
             voted
             him
             the
             fourth
             time
             Consul
             ,
             and
             made
             Catulus
             
             Lutatius
             his
             Collegue
             ,
             a
             man
             very
             much
             esteemed
             by
             the
             Nobility
             ,
             and
             not
             unagreeable
             to
             the
             Commons
             .
          
           
           
             21.
             
             Marius
             having
             notice
             of
             the
             Enemy's
             approach
             ,
             with
             all
             expedition
             passed
             the
             Alps
             ,
             and
             pitching
             his
             Camp
             by
             the
             River
             Rhone
             ,
             he
             took
             care
             first
             for
             plentiful
             Supplies
             of
             Victuals
             ;
             lest
             at
             any
             time
             he
             should
             be
             forced
             to
             fight
             at
             a
             disadvantage
             for
             want
             of
             Necessaries
             .
             The
             Carriage
             of
             Provision
             for
             the
             Army
             from
             the
             Sea
             ,
             which
             was
             formerly
             long
             and
             chargeable
             ,
             he
             made
             speedy
             and
             easie
             ;
             for
             the
             mouth
             of
             the
             Rhone
             ,
             by
             the
             Reflux
             of
             the
             Sea
             ,
             being
             barred
             and
             almost
             filled
             up
             with
             Sand
             and
             Dirt
             ,
             the
             Passage
             there
             became
             narrow
             ,
             difficult
             ,
             and
             dangerous
             for
             those
             Ships
             that
             brought
             their
             Provisions
             .
             Hither
             therefore
             bringing
             his
             Army
             then
             at
             leisure
             ,
             he
             
             drew
             a
             great
             Trench
             ,
             and
             thereby
             turning
             the
             course
             of
             a
             great
             Trench
             ,
             and
             thereby
             turning
             the
             course
             of
             a
             great
             part
             of
             the
             River
             ,
             brought
             it
             to
             a
             convenient
             Haven
             ,
             deep
             and
             fit
             to
             receive
             Ships
             of
             considerable
             Burthen
             ,
             as
             also
             having
             a
             calm
             and
             easie
             opening
             to
             the
             Sea
             ;
             and
             this
             still
             returns
             the
             name
             it
             took
             from
             him
             .
          
           
             22.
             
             The
             Enemy
             dividing
             themselves
             into
             two
             parts
             ,
             the
             Cimbri
             chose
             to
             go
             against
             Catulus
             higher
             up
             through
             the
             Country
             of
             the
             Norici
             ,
             and
             to
             force
             that
             Passage
             .
             The
             Teutones
             and
             Ambrones
             to
             march
             against
             Marius
             by
             the
             Sea-side
             through
             Liguria
             ,
             whereupon
             the
             Cimbri
             were
             longer
             before
             they
             arrived
             in
             Italy
             .
             The
             Teutones
             and
             
             Ambrones
             with
             all
             expedition
             passing
             over
             the
             interjacent
             Country
             ,
             appeared
             to
             be
             an
             incredible
             number
             ,
             and
             of
             a
             terrible
             Aspect
             ,
             much
             different
             from
             all
             others
             in
             their
             ordinary
             Speech
             ,
             and
             Shoutings
             ,
             they
             taking
             up
             a
             great
             part
             of
             the
             Plain
             with
             their
             Camp
             ,
             challenged
             Marius
             to
             Battel
             ;
             he
             seemed
             to
             take
             no
             notice
             of
             them
             ,
             but
             kept
             his
             Soldiers
             within
             their
             Fortifications
             ,
             and
             sharply
             reprehended
             those
             that
             were
             of
             too
             forward
             and
             eager
             a
             Courage
             ,
             and
             who
             would
             needs
             be
             fighting
             ,
             calling
             them
             Traytors
             to
             their
             Country
             ;
             and
             telling
             them
             they
             were
             not
             now
             in
             pursuit
             of
             the
             Glory
             of
             Triumphs
             and
             Trophies
             ,
             but
             how
             they
             might
             repel
             such
             an
             impetuous
             Tempest
             of
             War
             ,
             and
             save
             Italy
             .
          
           
             23.
             
             Thus
             he
             discoursed
             privately
             with
             
             his
             Officers
             and
             Equals
             ,
             but
             placed
             the
             Soldiers
             by
             turns
             upon
             the
             Bulwarks
             to
             survey
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             so
             made
             them
             acquainted
             with
             their
             shape
             and
             voice
             (
             which
             were
             indeed
             altogether
             extravagant
             and
             barbarous
             )
             and
             he
             caused
             them
             to
             observe
             their
             Arms
             ,
             and
             way
             of
             using
             them
             ,
             so
             that
             in
             a
             little
             time
             what
             at
             first
             appeared
             terrible
             to
             their
             appprehensions
             ,
             by
             often
             viewing
             became
             familiar
             ;
             for
             he
             very
             rationally
             supposed
             ,
             that
             the
             
               strangeness
               of
               Foreign
               things
               conduces
               very
               much
               to
               the
               rendring
               them
               formidable
            
             ;
             and
             that
             by
             our
             better
             
             acquaintance
             with
             them
             ,
             even
             those
             things
             ,
             which
             are
             naturally
             terrible
             ,
             lose
             very
             much
             of
             their
             frightfulnss
             .
             Now
             this
             daily
             converse
             did
             not
             only
             diminish
             some
             of
             the
             Soldiers
             fear
             ,
             but
             their
             Indignation
             warmed
             and
             inflamed
             their
             Courage
             ,
             when
             they
             heard
             the
             threats
             and
             insupportable
             insolence
             of
             their
             Enemies
             ;
             who
             not
             only
             plundered
             and
             depopulated
             all
             the
             Country
             round
             ,
             but
             also
             with
             great
             Contempt
             and
             Resolution
             threatned
             to
             storm
             their
             Trenches
             .
          
           
             24.
             
             Hereupon
             such
             like
             Complaints
             of
             the
             Soldiers
             as
             these
             came
             to
             
             Marius's
             ears
             .
             
             
               What
               Effeminacy
               does
            
             Marius
             
               see
               in
               us
               ,
               that
               he
               should
               thus
               like
               Women
               lock
               us
               up
               from
               encountering
               our
               Enemies
               ?
               Come
               on
               ,
               let
               us
               shew
               our selves
               men
               ,
               and
               ask
               him
               if
               he
               expect
               any
               others
               that
               must
               fight
               for
               our
               Liberty
               :
               Shall
               he
               always
               employ
               us
               in
               servile
               Offices
               ,
               when
               he
               would
               draw
               Trenches
               ,
               cleanse
               places
               of
               mud
               and
               dirt
               ,
               and
               turn
               the
               course
               of
               Rivers
               ?
               In
               such
               Works
               as
               these
               ,
               it
               seems
               ,
               he
               will
               exercise
               us
               ;
               then
               return
               home
               ,
               and
               brag
               of
               these
               great
               performances
               of
               his
               Consulships
               to
               the
               People
               .
               Or
               does
               the
               defeat
               of
            
             Carbo
             and
             Caepio
             ,
             
               who
               were
               vanquished
               by
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               affright
               him
               ?
               Surely
               they
               were
               much
               inferiour
               to
            
             Marius
             
               both
               in
               Glory
               and
               Valour
               ,
               and
               commanded
               a
               much
               weaker
               Army
               ;
               at
               the
               worst
               it
               is
               better
               to
               be
               in
               Action
               ,
               though
               we
            
             
             
               suffer
               for
               it
               like
               them
               ,
               than
               to
               sit
               idle
               Spectators
               of
               the
               destruction
               of
               our
               Allies
               and
               Companions
               .
               Marius
            
             not
             a
             little
             pleased
             to
             hear
             this
             ,
             gently
             appeased
             them
             ,
             pretending
             that
             he
             did
             not
             distrust
             their
             Valour
             ,
             but
             that
             he
             took
             his
             measures
             as
             to
             the
             time
             and
             place
             of
             Victory
             from
             some
             certain
             Oracles
             .
          
           
             25.
             
             He
             used
             solemnly
             to
             carry
             about
             in
             
             a
             Litter
             ,
             a
             Syrian
             Woman
             ,
             called
             Martha
             ,
             a
             supposed
             Prophetess
             ,
             and
             to
             Sacrifice
             by
             her
             directions
             .
             She
             had
             formerly
             been
             driven
             away
             from
             the
             Senate
             ;
             to
             whom
             she
             addressed
             her self
             ,
             offering
             to
             inform
             them
             about
             these
             Affairs
             ,
             and
             to
             foretel
             future
             Events
             ,
             whereupon
             she
             betook
             her self
             to
             the
             Ladies
             ,
             and
             gave
             some
             experiments
             of
             her
             skill
             ,
             especially
             to
             
             Marius's
             Wife
             ;
             who
             sitting
             to
             see
             the
             Gladiators
             combat
             ,
             she
             foretold
             which
             of
             them
             should
             overcome
             ;
             and
             was
             for
             this
             and
             the
             like
             Predictings
             sent
             by
             her
             to
             Marius
             ,
             and
             the
             Army
             ,
             where
             she
             was
             very
             much
             admired
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             most
             part
             carried
             about
             in
             a
             Litter
             ;
             when
             she
             went
             to
             Sacrifice
             she
             wore
             a
             Purple
             Robe
             lined
             and
             buttoned
             up
             ,
             and
             had
             in
             her
             Hand
             a
             little
             Spear
             trimmed
             with
             Rubans
             and
             Garlands
             .
             This
             Farce
             made
             many
             question
             ,
             whether
             Marius
             did
             really
             give
             any
             credit
             to
             her
             himself
             ,
             or
             only
             play'd
             the
             Counterfeit
             when
             he
             
             shewed
             her
             publickly
             to
             impose
             upon
             the
             Soldiers
             .
          
           
             26.
             
             But
             what
             
               Alexander
               Mindius
            
             relates
             
             about
             the
             Vultures
             ,
             does
             really
             deserve
             admiration
             ;
             that
             always
             before
             his
             Victories
             there
             appeared
             two
             of
             them
             ,
             and
             accompanied
             the
             Army
             ;
             which
             were
             known
             by
             their
             brazen
             Collars
             (
             for
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             when
             they
             took
             them
             ,
             put
             these
             about
             their
             Necks
             ,
             and
             so
             let
             them
             go
             ,
             whereupon
             they
             in
             a
             manner
             knew
             and
             saluted
             the
             Soldiers
             )
             and
             whensoever
             these
             appeared
             in
             their
             Marches
             ,
             they
             very
             much
             rejoiced
             as
             at
             an
             Omen
             of
             good
             Success
             in
             that
             Expedition
             .
             But
             of
             the
             many
             Prodigies
             ,
             
             that
             then
             were
             taken
             notice
             of
             ,
             the
             rest
             were
             but
             of
             the
             ordinary
             stamp
             ;
             as
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             reported
             at
             Ameria
             and
             Tudertum
             (
             two
             Cities
             in
             Italy
             )
             there
             were
             seen
             at
             Nights
             in
             the
             Sky
             ,
             flaming
             Darts
             and
             Shields
             ,
             now
             waved
             about
             ,
             and
             then
             again
             clashing
             against
             one
             another
             ,
             resembling
             those
             postures
             and
             motions
             Soldiers
             use
             in
             their
             fighting
             ;
             that
             at
             length
             one
             Party
             retreating
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             pursuing
             ,
             they
             all
             disappearing
             Westward
             .
             Much
             about
             the
             same
             time
             came
             Batabaces
             one
             of
             Cybele's
             
             Priests
             from
             Pessinunce
             ,
             and
             reported
             how
             the
             Goddess
             had
             declared
             to
             him
             by
             her
             Oracle
             ,
             That
             the
             
               Romans
               should
               obtain
               the
               Victory
            
             ,
             and
             no
             small
             Glory
             in
             this
             
             War.
             The
             Senate
             giving
             credit
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             voting
             the
             Goddess
             a
             Temple
             to
             be
             built
             in
             hopes
             of
             a
             Victory
             ;
             
               Aulus
               Pompeius
            
             a
             Tribune
             prevented
             Batabaces
             ,
             when
             he
             would
             have
             gone
             and
             told
             the
             People
             this
             same
             Story
             ,
             calling
             him
             Impostor
             ,
             and
             ignominiously
             pulling
             him
             out
             of
             the
             Rostra
             ;
             which
             Action
             chiefly
             got
             repute
             to
             the
             Fellow's
             report
             ;
             for
             Aulus
             had
             scarce
             dissolved
             the
             Assembly
             ,
             and
             returned
             home
             ,
             when
             so
             violent
             a
             Fever
             seized
             him
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             notoriously
             known
             and
             in
             every
             bodies
             Mouth
             ,
             that
             he
             died
             within
             a
             week
             after
             .
          
           
             27.
             
             Now
             the
             Teutones
             ,
             whilst
             Marius
             lay
             quiet
             ,
             ventured
             to
             attack
             his
             Camp
             ;
             from
             whence
             ,
             being
             encountered
             with
             showers
             of
             Darts
             ,
             and
             losing
             several
             of
             their
             men
             ,
             they
             determined
             to
             march
             forward
             ,
             hoping
             to
             recover
             the
             other
             side
             of
             the
             Alps
             without
             opposition
             ,
             and
             packing
             up
             their
             baggage
             ,
             they
             passed
             securely
             by
             the
             Roman
             Camp
             ,
             where
             the
             greatness
             of
             their
             number
             chiefly
             appeared
             by
             the
             long
             time
             they
             took
             in
             their
             March
             ;
             for
             they
             were
             said
             to
             be
             six
             days
             continually
             going
             on
             in
             passing
             
             Marius's
             Fortifications
             ;
             they
             marched
             pretty
             near
             ,
             and
             revilingly
             asked
             the
             Romans
             ,
             if
             they
             would
             send
             any
             recommendations
             by
             them
             to
             their
             Wives
             ?
             for
             they
             would
             shortly
             be
             with
             them
             .
             As
             soon
             
             as
             the
             Enemy
             was
             gone
             by
             ,
             and
             continued
             their
             motion
             ,
             Marius
             began
             to
             move
             ,
             and
             follow
             them
             at
             his
             leisure
             ;
             always
             encamping
             at
             some
             small
             distance
             from
             them
             ;
             chusing
             also
             convenient
             places
             for
             his
             Camp
             ,
             and
             strongly
             fortifying
             it
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             quarter
             with
             the
             greater
             safety
             .
             Thus
             they
             marched
             till
             they
             came
             to
             Aquae-Sextiliae
             ,
             whence
             the
             Alps
             were
             but
             little
             distant
             ,
             where
             Marius
             put
             himself
             in
             readiness
             for
             the
             Encounter
             .
          
           
             28.
             
             He
             chose
             a
             place
             for
             his
             Camp
             of
             considerable
             strength
             ,
             but
             where
             was
             scarcity
             of
             Water
             ;
             designing
             (
             as
             was
             reported
             )
             by
             this
             means
             to
             put
             an
             edge
             on
             his
             Soldiers
             Courage
             ,
             whereat
             when
             several
             were
             not
             a
             little
             grieved
             ,
             and
             complained
             of
             thirst
             ;
             he
             pointing
             to
             a
             River
             that
             ran
             near
             the
             Enemy's
             Camp
             :
             There
             ,
             says
             he
             ,
             
               you
               may
               have
               drink
               ,
               but
               at
               the
               expence
               of
               your
               Bloud
               .
               Why
               then
               ,
            
             replyed
             they
             ,
             
               do
               you
               not
               lead
               us
               to
               them
               ,
               that
               we
               may
               have
               something
               that
               is
               liquid
               though
               it
               be
               Bloud
               ?
               But
               ,
            
             says
             he
             ,
             
               in
               a
               softer
               tone
               ;
               Let
               's
               first
               fortifie
               our
               Camp
               ;
               whereupon
               the
               Soldiers
               for
               all
               their
               repining
               durst
               not
               but
               obey
               .
            
             Now
             as
             a
             great
             
             company
             of
             their
             Boys
             and
             Pedees
             having
             neither
             drink
             for
             themselves
             nor
             Horses
             ,
             went
             down
             to
             that
             River
             ,
             some
             taking
             Axes
             ,
             others
             Halberts
             ,
             and
             some
             two
             Swords
             and
             Darts
             with
             their
             Pitchers
             ,
             resolving
             
             to
             have
             water
             though
             they
             fought
             for
             it
             .
             These
             were
             first
             encountred
             by
             a
             small
             party
             of
             the
             Enemies
             ;
             for
             most
             of
             them
             were
             after
             bathing
             at
             dinner
             ,
             and
             several
             were
             then
             too
             bathing
             themselves
             (
             for
             the
             Country
             thereabouts
             abounds
             very
             much
             with
             hot
             Springs
             )
             so
             that
             the
             Romans
             fell
             upon
             them
             whilst
             they
             were
             enjoying
             themselves
             ,
             and
             very
             much
             transported
             with
             the
             wonderful
             pleasantness
             of
             the
             place
             .
             Upon
             hearing
             their
             shouts
             (
             more
             still
             coming
             in
             )
             it
             was
             not
             a
             little
             difficult
             for
             Marius
             to
             contain
             his
             Soldiers
             ,
             so
             much
             concerned
             for
             their
             Servants
             ,
             and
             the
             more
             warlike
             part
             of
             the
             Enemies
             ,
             who
             had
             overthrown
             Mallius
             and
             Coepio
             (
             they
             were
             called
             Ambrones
             ,
             and
             were
             in
             number
             one
             with
             another
             above
             30000
             )
             taking
             the
             Alarm
             ,
             stood
             to
             their
             Arms.
             
          
           
             29.
             
             These
             ,
             though
             they
             had
             sufficiently
             filled
             their
             bellies
             ,
             yet
             retained
             their
             minds
             undisturbed
             ;
             and
             though
             they
             indulged
             themselves
             even
             to
             Intemperance
             ,
             yet
             did
             they
             not
             rush
             on
             like
             mad-men
             disorderly
             or
             sending
             forth
             confused
             noises
             ;
             but
             all
             of
             them
             dancing
             and
             clashing
             their
             Arms
             ,
             in
             a
             kind
             of
             Consort
             ,
             often
             repeated
             their
             name
             Ambrones
             ;
             either
             the
             better
             to
             encourage
             one
             another
             ,
             or
             to
             strike
             the
             greater
             terrour
             into
             their
             Enemies
             .
             Of
             all
             the
             Italians
             in
             
             Marius's
             Army
             ,
             the
             Ligurians
             
             were
             the
             first
             that
             charg'd
             ;
             and
             when
             they
             understood
             that
             the
             Enemy's
             confused
             Shout
             ,
             was
             calling
             themselves
             Ambrones
             ,
             they
             also
             echoed
             the
             same
             word
             ,
             which
             was
             an
             Ancient
             Name
             of
             their
             Country
             .
             This
             Acclamation
             ,
             bandied
             from
             one
             Army
             to
             the
             other
             before
             they
             joined
             ,
             the
             more
             incensed
             the
             Germans
             ;
             so
             that
             their
             Officers
             on
             either
             side
             encouraging
             them
             ,
             they
             strove
             with
             all
             possible
             vehemence
             the
             one
             to
             overshout
             the
             other
             ,
             taking
             it
             mutually
             for
             an
             Omen
             of
             Victory
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             Incentive
             of
             their
             Courage
             .
          
           
             30.
             
             The
             River
             divided
             the
             Ambrones
             ;
             
             and
             before
             they
             could
             draw
             up
             all
             their
             Army
             on
             the
             other
             side
             of
             it
             ,
             the
             Ligurians
             presently
             fell
             upon
             the
             Van
             ,
             and
             began
             to
             charge
             them
             Hand
             to
             Hand
             .
             The
             Romans
             too
             coming
             to
             their
             assistance
             ,
             and
             from
             the
             higher
             Ground
             pouring
             upon
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             forceably
             repelled
             them
             ,
             the
             most
             of
             them
             (
             one
             thrusting
             another
             into
             the
             River
             )
             were
             there
             slain
             ,
             and
             filled
             it
             with
             their
             Bloud
             and
             dead
             Bodies
             .
             Those
             that
             got
             safe
             over
             not
             daring
             to
             make
             head
             ,
             the
             Romans
             slew
             as
             they
             fled
             to
             their
             Camp
             and
             Carriages
             ;
             where
             the
             Women
             meeting
             them
             with
             Swords
             and
             Halberts
             ,
             and
             making
             an
             hideous
             out-cry
             ,
             set
             upon
             those
             that
             fled
             as
             well
             as
             those
             that
             pursued
             ;
             the
             one
             as
             Traitors
             ,
             the
             other
             as
             Enemies
             ;
             and
             
             mixing
             themselves
             with
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             with
             their
             bare
             Arms
             pulling
             away
             the
             Romans
             Shields
             ,
             and
             laying
             hold
             on
             their
             Swords
             ,
             endured
             the
             wounds
             and
             slashing
             of
             their
             Bodies
             to
             the
             very
             last
             with
             undaunted
             Resolution
             .
             Thus
             the
             Battel
             seems
             to
             have
             hapned
             at
             that
             River
             rather
             by
             accident
             than
             by
             the
             design
             of
             the
             General
             .
          
           
             31.
             
             After
             the
             Romans
             were
             retreated
             from
             the
             great
             slaughter
             of
             the
             Ambrones
             ,
             Night
             came
             on
             ;
             but
             the
             Army
             was
             not
             caressed
             as
             it
             used
             to
             be
             ,
             with
             Songs
             of
             Victory
             ,
             drinking
             in
             their
             Tents
             ,
             and
             kind
             mutual
             Entertainments
             ,
             and
             (
             what
             is
             most
             welcome
             to
             Soldiers
             after
             an
             happy
             Conquest
             )
             quiet
             sleep
             :
             But
             they
             passed
             that
             Night
             chiefly
             in
             Fears
             and
             Tumults
             ;
             for
             their
             
               Camp
               was
               without
               Fortifications
               and
               Trenches
               ,
            
             and
             there
             remained
             several
             Thousands
             of
             their
             Enemies
             as
             yet
             unconquered
             ;
             to
             whom
             were
             joined
             as
             many
             of
             the
             Ambrones
             as
             escaped
             .
             There
             were
             heard
             at
             Night
             sad
             Mournings
             ,
             nothing
             like
             the
             sighs
             and
             Groans
             of
             Men
             ;
             but
             a
             kind
             of
             salvage
             howling
             and
             roaring
             ,
             joined
             with
             threats
             and
             Lamentations
             ,
             proceeded
             from
             so
             great
             a
             multitude
             ,
             which
             the
             neighbouring
             Hills
             and
             hollow
             Caves
             of
             the
             River
             echoed
             about
             and
             filled
             the
             whole
             Plain
             with
             an
             hideous
             Noise
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             the
             Romans
             were
             not
             a
             little
             afraid
             ;
             
             and
             Marius
             himself
             was
             astonished
             with
             apprehension
             of
             a
             confused
             tumultuous
             Night-Engagement
             .
             But
             they
             did
             not
             stir
             this
             Night
             or
             the
             next
             Day
             ,
             but
             were
             employed
             in
             consultation
             how
             to
             dispose
             and
             draw
             themselves
             up
             to
             the
             greater
             advantage
             .
          
           
             32.
             
             Of
             this
             occasion
             Marius
             made
             good
             use
             :
             for
             there
             were
             beyond
             the
             Enemies
             some
             woody
             Cliffs
             and
             Vallies
             well
             shaded
             with
             Trees
             ,
             whether
             he
             sent
             
               Claudius
               Marcellus
            
             very
             secretly
             with
             3000
             Soldiers
             ,
             giving
             him
             orders
             to
             post
             them
             in
             ambush
             there
             ,
             and
             shew
             themselves
             at
             the
             Rear
             of
             the
             Enemies
             ,
             when
             the
             Fight
             was
             begun
             ▪
             the
             others
             whom
             he
             had
             refreshed
             with
             Victuals
             and
             Sleep
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             it
             was
             day
             he
             drew
             up
             before
             the
             Camp
             ,
             and
             commanded
             the
             Horse
             to
             march
             into
             the
             Plain
             ,
             which
             the
             Teutones
             perceiving
             ,
             could
             not
             contain
             themselves
             till
             the
             Romans
             should
             come
             down
             and
             fight
             them
             on
             equal
             terms
             ;
             but
             hastily
             arming
             themselves
             ,
             they
             inconsiderately
             ran
             towards
             a
             Hill
             hard
             by
             ,
             where
             the
             Romans
             were
             drawn
             up
             .
             Marius
             sending
             Officers
             to
             all
             Parts
             ,
             commanded
             his
             men
             to
             stand
             still
             and
             keep
             their
             Ground
             :
             when
             they
             came
             within
             reach
             ,
             to
             throw
             their
             Piles
             ,
             then
             use
             their
             Swords
             ,
             and
             joining
             their
             Shields
             ,
             repel
             the
             Enemy
             ;
             for
             he
             shewed
             that
             the
             steepness
             of
             
             the
             Ground
             rendred
             the
             Enemies
             Charge
             infirm
             ,
             and
             abated
             the
             force
             of
             their
             blows
             ;
             nor
             could
             their
             Shields
             be
             joined
             close
             together
             ,
             the
             inequality
             of
             the
             Ground
             hindering
             the
             stability
             of
             their
             Bodies
             .
          
           
             33.
             
             This
             Counsel
             he
             gave
             them
             ,
             and
             
             was
             observed
             to
             be
             the
             first
             that
             followed
             it
             ;
             for
             he
             was
             inferiour
             to
             none
             in
             the
             exercise
             of
             his
             Body
             ,
             and
             far
             excelled
             them
             all
             in
             resolution
             .
             Wherefore
             the
             Romans
             vigorously
             opposed
             ,
             and
             by
             that
             means
             forced
             them
             to
             retreat
             from
             the
             Hill
             ;
             the
             Ambrones
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             they
             had
             put
             their
             Van
             in
             a
             posture
             of
             resistance
             ,
             found
             those
             in
             the
             Rear
             very
             much
             disordered
             :
             for
             Marcellus
             had
             not
             let
             slip
             the
             opportunity
             ,
             but
             as
             soon
             as
             the
             Shout
             was
             raised
             among
             the
             Romans
             on
             the
             Hills
             ,
             he
             encouraging
             his
             men
             ,
             fell
             in
             upon
             the
             Enemy
             behind
             ,
             and
             running
             and
             shouting
             routed
             those
             nearest
             him
             ;
             and
             they
             breaking
             the
             Ranks
             of
             those
             that
             were
             before
             them
             ,
             the
             whole
             Army
             was
             immediately
             filled
             with
             confusion
             ;
             they
             made
             no
             long
             resistance
             after
             they
             were
             thus
             broke
             in
             upon
             ,
             but
             having
             lost
             all
             Order
             ,
             fled
             .
          
           
             34.
             
             The
             Romans
             pursuing
             them
             ,
             slew
             and
             took
             Prisoners
             above
             100000
             ,
             and
             possessing
             themselves
             of
             their
             Spoil
             ,
             Tent
             ▪
             and
             Carriages
             ,
             voted
             as
             many
             of
             them
             as
             
             were
             not
             purloin'd
             ,
             to
             
             Marius's
             share
             ,
             which
             ,
             though
             so
             Magnificent
             a
             Present
             ,
             yet
             was
             generally
             thought
             less
             than
             his
             Conduct
             deserved
             in
             so
             great
             a
             danger
             .
             Other
             Authors
             do
             not
             agree
             about
             the
             division
             of
             the
             Plunder
             and
             number
             of
             the
             slain
             .
             They
             say
             ,
             the
             Inhabitants
             of
             Massilia
             hedged
             in
             their
             Vineyards
             with
             the
             bones
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Ground
             enriched
             by
             the
             moisture
             of
             the
             putrefied
             Bodies
             (
             which
             was
             soaked
             in
             with
             the
             rain
             of
             the
             following
             Winter
             )
             yielded
             at
             the
             season
             a
             prodigious
             Crop
             ,
             which
             seems
             to
             confirm
             
             Archilochus's
             Relation
             who
             said
             ,
             that
             
               the
               Fallows
               were
               fatted
               by
               them
               .
            
             Now
             it
             is
             an
             observation
             not
             improbable
             ,
             that
             extraordinary
             Rains
             usually
             fall
             after
             great
             Battels
             ;
             whether
             it
             be
             ,
             that
             some
             Deity
             washeth
             and
             cleanseth
             the
             polluted
             Earth
             with
             showers
             from
             above
             ,
             or
             that
             bloud
             and
             corruption
             steaming
             forth
             a
             moist
             and
             gross
             Vapour
             ,
             thicken
             the
             Air
             ,
             which
             by
             reason
             of
             its
             tenuity
             is
             subject
             to
             alterations
             arising
             generally
             from
             the
             smallest
             causes
             .
          
           
             35.
             
             After
             the
             Battel
             ,
             Marius
             chose
             out
             from
             amongst
             the
             Barbarians
             Spoils
             and
             Arms
             ,
             those
             that
             were
             whole
             and
             handsome
             ,
             and
             that
             would
             make
             the
             greatest
             shew
             in
             his
             Triumph
             ;
             the
             rest
             he
             heaped
             upon
             a
             large
             Pile
             ,
             and
             offered
             a
             very
             splendid
             Sacrifice
             .
             Whilst
             the
             Army
             stood
             
             round
             about
             with
             their
             Arms
             and
             Garlands
             ,
             himself
             attired
             (
             as
             the
             fashion
             is
             on
             such
             occasions
             )
             in
             a
             Purple
             Robe
             ,
             taking
             a
             lighted
             Torch
             ,
             and
             with
             both
             Hands
             lifting
             it
             up
             towards
             Heaven
             ,
             was
             then
             going
             to
             put
             it
             to
             the
             Pile
             ,
             when
             some
             of
             his
             Friends
             were
             espied
             with
             all
             haste
             coming
             towards
             him
             on
             Horse-back
             ;
             whereupon
             every
             one
             remained
             in
             great
             silence
             and
             expectation
             ;
             when
             they
             came
             near
             ,
             they
             alighting
             ,
             saluted
             Marius
             ,
             and
             bringing
             him
             the
             News
             of
             his
             fifth
             Consulship
             ,
             delivered
             him
             Letters
             
             to
             the
             same
             purpose
             .
             This
             gave
             the
             addition
             of
             no
             small
             joy
             to
             the
             Solemnity
             .
             which
             the
             Army
             expressed
             in
             a
             Warlike
             kind
             of
             rejoycing
             and
             acclamations
             ,
             and
             the
             Officers
             again
             crowning
             Marius
             with
             a
             Lawrel-wreath
             ,
             he
             set
             fire
             to
             the
             Pile
             and
             finished
             his
             Sacrifice
             .
          
           
             36.
             
             But
             whatever
             it
             be
             ,
             which
             permits
             us
             not
             the
             enjoyment
             of
             Prosperity
             pure
             and
             sincere
             ,
             but
             still
             interchanges
             humane
             Affairs
             with
             the
             mixture
             of
             good
             and
             bad
             ,
             whether
             Fortune
             or
             Providence
             ,
             or
             the
             necessity
             of
             the
             Nature
             of
             Things
             ,
             within
             a
             few
             days
             Marius
             received
             an
             account
             of
             his
             Collegue
             Catulus
             ,
             which
             as
             another
             Cloud
             in
             this
             Serenity
             and
             Calm
             terrified
             Rome
             with
             the
             apprehension
             of
             an
             imminent
             Storm
             .
             Catulus
             ,
             who
             marched
             against
             the
             Cimbri
             ,
             despairing
             of
             being
             able
             to
             defend
             
             the
             tops
             of
             the
             Alps
             ;
             lest
             ,
             being
             compelled
             to
             divide
             his
             Forces
             into
             several
             Parties
             ,
             he
             should
             very
             much
             weaken
             himself
             ,
             with
             all
             expedition
             returned
             to
             Italy
             ,
             and
             posted
             his
             Army
             by
             the
             River
             Athesis
             ;
             where
             blocking
             up
             the
             Passages
             on
             both
             sides
             the
             River
             with
             strong
             Fortifications
             ,
             he
             made
             a
             Bridge
             ,
             that
             so
             he
             might
             go
             to
             their
             assistance
             that
             were
             on
             the
             other
             side
             ,
             if
             so
             be
             the
             Enemy
             having
             forced
             the
             narrow
             Passages
             ,
             should
             storm
             the
             Fortresses
             .
             The
             Barbarians
             came
             on
             with
             such
             Insolence
             and
             Contempt
             of
             their
             Enemies
             ,
             that
             to
             shew
             their
             Strength
             and
             Courage
             ,
             rather
             than
             out
             of
             any
             necessity
             ,
             they
             went
             naked
             in
             the
             showers
             of
             Snow
             ,
             and
             through
             the
             Ice
             and
             deep
             Snow
             climbed
             up
             to
             the
             tops
             of
             the
             Hills
             ,
             and
             from
             thence
             ,
             placing
             their
             broad
             Shields
             under
             their
             bodies
             ,
             let
             themselves
             slide
             from
             the
             Precipices
             along
             their
             vast
             slippery
             Descents
             .
          
           
             37.
             
             When
             they
             had
             pitched
             their
             Camp
             at
             a
             little
             distance
             from
             the
             River
             ,
             and
             surveyed
             the
             Passage
             ,
             they
             began
             to
             cast
             up
             their
             Banks
             ,
             Giant-like
             ,
             tearing
             up
             the
             neighbouring
             Hills
             ;
             and
             brought
             Trees
             pulled
             up
             by
             the
             roots
             ,
             and
             heaps
             of
             Earth
             to
             the
             River
             ,
             therewith
             damming
             up
             its
             course
             ,
             and
             with
             great
             heavy
             Materials
             rowlled
             down
             the
             Stream
             and
             dashed
             against
             the
             Bridge
             ,
             they
             forced
             away
             the
             Planks
             
             which
             supported
             it
             ;
             whereat
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             the
             Roman
             Soldiers
             very
             much
             affrighted
             ,
             left
             their
             Camp
             and
             fled
             .
             Here
             did
             Catulus
             shew
             himself
             a
             generous
             indulgent
             General
             ,
             in
             preferring
             the
             Glory
             of
             his
             People
             before
             his
             own
             :
             for
             when
             he
             could
             not
             prevail
             with
             his
             Soldiers
             to
             stand
             to
             their
             Colours
             ,
             but
             saw
             how
             cowardly
             they
             all
             deserted
             them
             ;
             he
             commanded
             his
             own
             Standard
             to
             be
             taken
             up
             ,
             and
             running
             to
             the
             foremost
             of
             those
             that
             fled
             ,
             he
             led
             them
             forward
             ,
             chusing
             rather
             that
             the
             disgrace
             should
             fall
             upon
             himself
             than
             his
             Country
             ;
             and
             that
             they
             should
             not
             seem
             to
             fly
             ,
             but
             ,
             following
             their
             Captain
             ,
             to
             make
             a
             retreat
             .
             The
             Barbarians
             assaulted
             and
             took
             the
             Fortress
             on
             the
             other
             side
             Athesis
             ;
             where
             admiring
             at
             the
             few
             Romans
             there
             left
             ;
             who
             had
             shewn
             themselves
             of
             an
             extream
             great
             Courage
             ,
             and
             had
             fought
             worthy
             their
             Country
             ,
             they
             dismissed
             them
             with
             an
             easie
             Composition
             ,
             swearing
             them
             upon
             their
             Brazen
             Bull
             ;
             which
             was
             afterwards
             taken
             in
             the
             Battel
             ,
             and
             they
             say
             ,
             carried
             to
             
             Catulus's
             House
             ,
             as
             the
             chief
             Trophy
             of
             the
             Victory
             .
          
           
             38.
             
             Thus
             falling
             in
             upon
             the
             Country
             ,
             destitute
             of
             defence
             ,
             they
             wasted
             it
             extreamly
             ,
             whereupon
             Marius
             was
             presently
             sent
             for
             to
             the
             City
             ;
             where
             when
             he
             arrived
             ,
             every
             one
             supposing
             he
             would
             Triumph
             ,
             
             the
             Senate
             too
             unanimously
             voting
             it
             ,
             he
             himself
             did
             not
             think
             it
             convenient
             ;
             whether
             that
             he
             were
             not
             willing
             to
             deprive
             his
             Soldiers
             and
             Officers
             of
             their
             share
             of
             the
             Glory
             ;
             or
             that
             to
             encourage
             the
             People
             in
             this
             juncture
             ,
             he
             would
             make
             the
             honour
             of
             his
             Victory
             give
             place
             to
             the
             present
             Fortune
             of
             the
             City
             ;
             deferring
             it
             now
             to
             receive
             it
             afterwards
             with
             the
             greater
             Splendour
             .
             Having
             left
             such
             Orders
             as
             the
             occasion
             required
             ,
             he
             hast'ned
             to
             Catulus
             ,
             whose
             drooping
             Spirits
             he
             very
             much
             raised
             ,
             and
             sent
             for
             his
             Army
             from
             Gallia
             :
             as
             soon
             as
             it
             came
             ,
             he
             passing
             the
             River
             Po
             ,
             endeavoured
             to
             drive
             the
             Barbarians
             out
             of
             that
             part
             of
             Italy
             which
             lies
             South
             of
             it
             .
          
           
             39.
             
             But
             they
             pretending
             they
             were
             in
             expectation
             of
             the
             Teutones
             ,
             and
             wondering
             they
             were
             so
             long
             in
             coming
             ,
             deferred
             the
             Battel
             ;
             either
             that
             they
             were
             really
             ignorant
             of
             their
             Defeat
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             were
             willing
             to
             seem
             so
             (
             for
             they
             very
             much
             abused
             those
             that
             brought
             them
             such
             News
             )
             and
             sending
             to
             Marius
             ,
             required
             some
             part
             of
             the
             Country
             for
             them
             and
             their
             Brethren
             ,
             and
             Cities
             fit
             for
             them
             to
             inhabit
             .
             When
             Marius
             enquired
             of
             the
             Ambassadors
             who
             their
             Brethren
             were
             ,
             and
             they
             calling
             them
             Teutones
             ,
             all
             that
             were
             present
             fell
             out
             a
             laughing
             ;
             but
             Marius
             scoffingly
             answered
             
             them
             ,
             
               Do
               not
               trouble
               your selves
               for
               your
               Brethren
               ,
               for
               we
               have
               already
               provided
               Lands
               for
               them
               ,
               which
               they
               shall
               possess
               for
               ever
               .
            
             The
             Ambassadors
             perceiving
             the
             jeer
             ,
             railed
             at
             him
             ,
             and
             threatned
             that
             the
             Cimbri
             would
             make
             him
             smart
             for
             it
             ,
             and
             the
             Teutones
             too
             when
             they
             came
             .
             
               And
               they
               are
               not
               far
               off
               ,
               replied
            
             Marius
             ,
             
               it
               will
               be
               very
               unkindly
               done
               of
               you
               to
               go
               away
               before
               you
               have
               taken
               leave
               of
               your
               Brethren
            
             ;
             saying
             so
             ,
             he
             commanded
             the
             Kings
             of
             the
             Teutones
             to
             be
             brought
             out
             ,
             as
             they
             were
             ,
             in
             chains
             ;
             for
             they
             were
             taken
             by
             the
             Sequani
             before
             they
             could
             make
             their
             escape
             from
             the
             Alps.
             This
             was
             no
             sooner
             made
             known
             to
             the
             Cimbri
             ,
             but
             they
             with
             all
             expedition
             came
             against
             Marius
             ,
             who
             then
             lay
             still
             and
             guarded
             his
             Camp.
             
          
           
             40.
             
             'T
             is
             said
             ,
             that
             against
             this
             Battel
             Marius
             
             first
             made
             their
             Javelins
             after
             a
             new
             fashion
             ;
             for
             before
             at
             the
             place
             where
             the
             Wood
             was
             joyned
             to
             the
             Iron
             ,
             it
             was
             made
             fast
             with
             two
             Iron-pins
             ;
             now
             Marius
             let
             one
             of
             them
             alone
             as
             it
             was
             ,
             and
             pulling
             out
             the
             other
             put
             a
             weak
             wooden
             peg
             in
             its
             place
             ;
             contriving
             it
             so
             ,
             that
             when
             it
             was
             stuck
             in
             the
             Enemy's
             Shield
             ,
             it
             should
             not
             stand
             right
             out
             ;
             but
             the
             wooden
             peg
             breaking
             ,
             the
             Iron
             should
             bend
             ,
             and
             so
             the
             Pile
             sticking
             fast
             by
             its
             crooked
             point
             ,
             should
             weigh
             down
             the
             Shield
             .
             Now
             Baeorix
             ,
             King
             
             
             of
             the
             Cimbri
             ,
             came
             with
             a
             small
             Party
             of
             Horse
             to
             the
             Roman
             Camp
             ,
             and
             challenged
             Marius
             to
             appoint
             the
             time
             and
             place
             ,
             where
             they
             might
             meet
             and
             fight
             for
             the
             Country
             .
             Marius
             answered
             ,
             
               That
               the
            
             Romans
             
               never
               consulted
               their
               Enemies
               when
               to
               fight
               ,
               however
               he
               would
               gratifie
               the
            
             Cimbri
             
               so
               far
            
             ;
             and
             so
             they
             pitched
             upon
             the
             third
             day
             after
             ;
             for
             the
             place
             ,
             the
             Plain
             near
             Vercellae
             ;
             which
             was
             convenient
             enough
             for
             the
             Roman
             Horse
             ,
             and
             afforded
             room
             for
             the
             Enemy
             to
             display
             their
             Numbers
             .
          
           
             41.
             
             They
             observed
             the
             time
             appointed
             ,
             and
             drew
             out
             their
             Forces
             against
             each
             other
             .
             Catulus
             commanded
             20300
             ,
             and
             Marius
             32000
             ,
             who
             were
             placed
             in
             the
             two
             Wings
             ,
             leaving
             to
             Catulus
             the
             Main
             Battle
             .
             Sylla
             ,
             who
             was
             present
             at
             the
             Fight
             ,
             gives
             this
             Relation
             ,
             saying
             withal
             ,
             that
             Marius
             drew
             up
             his
             Army
             in
             this
             Order
             ,
             out
             of
             malice
             to
             Catulus
             ;
             for
             he
             hoped
             ,
             with
             his
             Wings
             stretched
             out
             farther
             ,
             to
             fall
             in
             upon
             the
             Body
             of
             the
             Enemies
             Army
             [
             it
             being
             customary
             in
             that
             manner
             of
             embattelling
             ,
             that
             the
             Army
             should
             represent
             a
             Crescent
             ;
             the
             two
             extream
             Points
             much
             advancing
             ,
             and
             the
             main
             Battel
             remaining
             behind
             ]
             and
             to
             rout
             them
             before
             Catulus
             and
             his
             Army
             should
             be
             able
             to
             charge
             them
             .
             They
             observe
             likewise
             ,
             that
             Catulus
             himself
             alledgeth
             this
             in
             vindication
             of
             his
             Honour
             ,
             accusing
             
             this
             enviousness
             of
             Marius
             .
             The
             Infantry
             of
             the
             Cimbri
             marched
             quietly
             out
             of
             their
             Trenches
             ,
             having
             their
             Flanks
             equal
             to
             their
             Front
             ;
             (
             every
             side
             of
             the
             Army
             took
             up
             thirty
             (
             furlongs
             )
             their
             Horse
             ,
             that
             were
             in
             number
             15000
             ,
             made
             a
             very
             splendid
             appearance
             .
             They
             wore
             Helmets
             ,
             whereon
             were
             the
             gapings
             of
             wild
             Beasts
             ,
             and
             other
             strange
             shapes
             ,
             which
             they
             heightning
             with
             Plumes
             of
             Feathers
             ,
             appeared
             greater
             than
             they
             were
             ;
             they
             had
             on
             Breast-plates
             of
             Iron
             ,
             and
             white
             glittering
             Shields
             ;
             and
             for
             their
             offensive
             Arms
             ,
             every
             one
             had
             two-edged
             Darts
             ,
             and
             when
             they
             came
             hand
             to
             hand
             ,
             they
             used
             great
             and
             heavy
             Swords
             .
          
           
             42.
             
             They
             did
             not
             fall
             directly
             upon
             the
             Front
             of
             the
             Romans
             ,
             but
             turning
             to
             the
             right
             ,
             they
             endeavoured
             to
             enclose
             them
             by
             little
             and
             little
             ,
             getting
             the
             Enemy
             between
             them
             and
             their
             Infantry
             ,
             who
             were
             placed
             in
             the
             left
             Wing
             .
             The
             Roman
             Commanders
             soon
             perceived
             the
             Design
             ,
             but
             could
             not
             contain
             the
             Soldiers
             :
             for
             one
             happ'ning
             to
             shout
             out
             ,
             that
             the
             Enemy
             fled
             ,
             they
             all
             hastned
             to
             pursue
             them
             ;
             whereupon
             the
             Barbarian
             Foot
             came
             on
             moving
             like
             a
             great
             Ocean
             .
             Here
             Marius
             ,
             having
             washed
             his
             hands
             ,
             and
             lifting
             them
             up
             towards
             Heaven
             ,
             vowed
             an
             Hecatomb
             to
             the
             Gods
             ;
             and
             Catulus
             too
             in
             the
             same
             posture
             solemnly
             promised
             to
             consecrate
             a
             Temple
             to
             the
             
             Fortune
             of
             that
             day
             :
             they
             say
             that
             Marius
             having
             the
             Victim
             shewed
             to
             him
             ,
             as
             he
             was
             sacrificing
             ,
             cried
             out
             with
             a
             loud
             voice
             ,
             
               The
               Victory
               is
               mine
            
             .
          
           
             43.
             
             However
             in
             the
             Engagement
             ,
             they
             that
             write
             
             Sylla's
             Life
             ,
             say
             ,
             that
             Marius
             was
             very
             unfortunate
             ;
             for
             a
             great
             dust
             being
             raised
             ,
             which
             (
             as
             it
             might
             very
             probably
             happen
             )
             almost
             covered
             both
             the
             Armies
             ;
             he
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             he
             had
             charged
             them
             ,
             leading
             his
             Forces
             to
             the
             pursuit
             ,
             missed
             of
             the
             Enemy
             ;
             and
             having
             passed
             by
             their
             Army
             ,
             for
             a
             good
             space
             wandered
             up
             and
             down
             the
             Field
             ;
             mean
             while
             the
             Enemy
             by
             chance
             engaged
             with
             Catulus
             ;
             and
             the
             heat
             of
             the
             Battel
             was
             chiefly
             with
             him
             and
             his
             men
             ,
             among
             whom
             Sylla
             says
             he
             was
             .
             The
             Romans
             had
             great
             advantage
             of
             the
             heat
             and
             Sun
             that
             shone
             in
             the
             faces
             of
             the
             Cimbri
             ;
             for
             they
             ,
             though
             very
             well
             able
             to
             endure
             cold
             ,
             as
             having
             been
             bred
             up
             in
             cool
             and
             shady
             places
             ,
             (
             as
             we
             observed
             before
             )
             were
             yet
             overcome
             with
             the
             excessive
             Heat
             :
             they
             sweat
             extreamly
             ,
             and
             were
             much
             out
             of
             breath
             ,
             being
             forced
             to
             hold
             their
             Shields
             before
             their
             Faces
             ;
             for
             this
             Battel
             was
             fought
             not
             long
             after
             the
             Summer
             Solstice
             ;
             or
             ,
             as
             the
             Romans
             reckon
             ,
             about
             the
             third
             of
             the
             Calends
             of
             August
             ,
             then
             called
             Sextilis
             .
             The
             Dust
             too
             gave
             no
             small
             addition
             to
             their
             Courage
             ,
             in
             as
             much
             as
             it
             hid
             the
             
             Enemy
             ,
             for
             they
             could
             not
             afar
             off
             discover
             their
             number
             ;
             but
             every
             one
             advancing
             to
             encounter
             those
             that
             were
             nearest
             to
             them
             ,
             they
             were
             come
             to
             fight
             hand-to-hand
             before
             the
             sight
             of
             so
             vast
             a
             multitude
             had
             struck
             terror
             into
             them
             .
          
           
             44.
             
             The
             Romans
             were
             so
             much
             used
             to
             labour
             ,
             
             and
             so
             well
             exercised
             ,
             that
             in
             all
             the
             heat
             and
             toil
             of
             the
             Encounter
             ,
             not
             one
             of
             them
             was
             observed
             either
             to
             sweat
             ,
             or
             to
             be
             out
             of
             breath
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             they
             say
             Catulus
             recorded
             it
             in
             commendation
             of
             his
             Soldiers
             .
             Here
             the
             greatest
             part
             and
             most
             valiant
             of
             the
             Enemies
             were
             cut
             in
             pieces
             ;
             for
             those
             that
             fought
             in
             the
             Front
             ,
             that
             they
             should
             not
             break
             their
             Ranks
             ,
             were
             fast
             tied
             to
             one
             another
             with
             long
             Chains
             put
             through
             their
             Belts
             .
             As
             they
             pursued
             those
             that
             fled
             to
             their
             Camp
             ,
             they
             met
             with
             a
             most
             horrid
             Tragedy
             ;
             the
             Women
             standing
             in
             Mourning
             by
             their
             Carriages
             ,
             slew
             
             all
             that
             fled
             ;
             some
             their
             Husbands
             ,
             some
             their
             Brethren
             ,
             others
             their
             Fathers
             ;
             and
             strangling
             their
             little
             Children
             with
             their
             own
             hands
             ,
             threw
             them
             under
             the
             Wheels
             ,
             and
             Horses
             feet
             ,
             and
             then
             killed
             themselves
             .
             They
             tell
             of
             one
             that
             was
             hanging
             on
             the
             very
             top
             of
             a
             Waggon
             ,
             with
             her
             Children
             tied
             dangling
             at
             her
             heels
             ;
             the
             men
             for
             want
             of
             Trees
             ,
             tied
             themselves
             ,
             some
             to
             the
             horns
             of
             the
             Oxen
             ,
             the
             necks
             of
             others
             
             were
             fastned
             to
             their
             legs
             ,
             that
             so
             pricking
             them
             on
             by
             the
             starting
             and
             springing
             of
             the
             Beasts
             ,
             they
             might
             be
             torn
             and
             troden
             to
             pieces
             .
             Yet
             for
             all
             they
             thus
             massacred
             themselves
             ,
             above
             60000
             were
             taken
             Prisoners
             ,
             and
             those
             that
             were
             slain
             were
             said
             to
             be
             twice
             as
             many
             .
          
           
             45.
             
             The
             ordinary
             plunder
             
             Marius's
             Soldiers
             forcibly
             took
             away
             ;
             but
             the
             other
             Spoils
             ,
             as
             Ensigns
             ,
             Trumpets
             ,
             and
             the
             like
             they
             say
             ,
             were
             brought
             to
             
             Catulus's
             Camp
             ,
             which
             he
             used
             for
             the
             best
             Argument
             that
             the
             Victory
             was
             obtained
             by
             himself
             and
             his
             Army
             .
             Whereupon
             some
             Dissentions
             arising
             (
             as
             it
             often
             happens
             )
             among
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             the
             Ambassadors
             from
             Parma
             being
             then
             present
             ,
             were
             made
             Judges
             of
             the
             Controversie
             ;
             whom
             
             Catulus's
             men
             carried
             about
             among
             their
             slain
             Enemies
             ,
             and
             manifestly
             shewed
             them
             that
             they
             were
             slain
             by
             their
             Piles
             ,
             which
             were
             known
             by
             the
             Inscriptions
             ,
             having
             
             Catulus's
             Name
             cut
             in
             the
             Wood
             :
             nevertheless
             the
             whole
             Glory
             of
             the
             Action
             was
             ascribed
             to
             Marius
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             his
             former
             Victory
             and
             under
             colour
             of
             his
             present
             Authority
             .
             The
             Populace
             more
             especially
             stiling
             him
             the
             
               third
               Founder
               of
               their
               City
            
             ,
             as
             having
             diverted
             a
             danger
             no
             less
             threatning
             than
             was
             that
             when
             the
             Gauls
             sacked
             Rome
             ;
             and
             every
             one
             rejoicing
             at
             home
             
             with
             his
             Wife
             and
             Children
             sacrificed
             to
             the
             Gods
             and
             to
             Marius
             ;
             and
             would
             have
             had
             
             him
             solely
             to
             have
             the
             honour
             of
             both
             the
             Triumphs
             .
             However
             he
             would
             not
             do
             so
             ,
             but
             Triumphed
             together
             with
             Catulus
             ;
             being
             desirous
             to
             shew
             his
             Moderation
             even
             in
             so
             great
             Circumstances
             of
             good
             Fortune
             ;
             besides
             ,
             he
             was
             not
             a
             little
             afraid
             of
             the
             Soldiers
             in
             
             Catulus's
             Army
             ,
             lest
             if
             he
             should
             wholly
             bereave
             their
             General
             of
             the
             Honour
             ,
             they
             should
             endeavour
             to
             hinder
             him
             of
             his
             Triumph
             .
          
           
             46.
             
             Marius
             was
             now
             in
             his
             Fifth
             Consulship
             ,
             
             and
             he
             used
             for
             the
             Sixth
             in
             such
             a
             manner
             as
             never
             any
             before
             him
             had
             done
             ;
             he
             took
             the
             People
             by
             the
             hand
             ,
             and
             ingratiated
             himself
             with
             the
             Multitude
             by
             his
             Complaisance
             ,
             thereby
             not
             only
             derogating
             from
             the
             Publick
             Grandeur
             and
             Majesty
             of
             his
             Office
             ,
             but
             acting
             also
             contrary
             to
             his
             own
             inclination
             ,
             that
             so
             he
             might
             seem
             popular
             and
             obliging
             ,
             for
             which
             nature
             had
             never
             designed
             him
             .
             He
             was
             ,
             they
             say
             ,
             exceeding
             timorous
             through
             his
             Ambition
             in
             any
             business
             which
             concerned
             the
             Government
             ,
             or
             was
             handled
             in
             Publick
             Assemblies
             ;
             and
             that
             undaunted
             presence
             of
             Mind
             he
             always
             shewed
             in
             Battel
             against
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             forsook
             him
             when
             he
             was
             to
             Harangue
             the
             People
             ;
             being
             one
             that
             was
             apt
             to
             shew
             very
             great
             Concern
             
             either
             at
             their
             commendation
             or
             dispraise
             .
             'T
             is
             reported
             ,
             that
             having
             at
             one
             time
             made
             free
             of
             the
             City
             1000
             men
             of
             Camerino
             ,
             who
             had
             behaved
             themselves
             valiantly
             in
             this
             War
             ;
             and
             this
             seeming
             to
             be
             illegally
             done
             ,
             some
             or
             other
             calling
             him
             to
             an
             account
             for
             it
             ,
             he
             answered
             ,
             that
             the
             Law
             spake
             too
             softly
             to
             be
             heard
             in
             such
             a
             noise
             of
             War
             :
             however
             he
             himself
             appeared
             to
             be
             more
             concerned
             and
             astonished
             at
             that
             noise
             which
             was
             made
             by
             the
             Assemblies
             .
             The
             need
             they
             had
             of
             him
             in
             time
             of
             War
             procured
             him
             his
             Wealth
             and
             Dignity
             ;
             but
             in
             Civil
             Affairs
             when
             he
             despaired
             of
             getting
             the
             first
             place
             ,
             he
             was
             forced
             to
             betake
             himself
             to
             the
             favour
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             never
             regarding
             to
             be
             a
             good
             man
             ,
             so
             that
             he
             were
             but
             a
             great
             One.
             
          
           
             47.
             
             Whereupon
             he
             became
             very
             odious
             to
             all
             the
             Nobility
             ,
             and
             especially
             fearing
             Metellus
             ,
             who
             had
             been
             so
             ingratefully
             used
             by
             him
             ;
             and
             who
             ,
             being
             truly
             vertuous
             ,
             was
             naturally
             an
             Enemy
             to
             those
             that
             managed
             the
             People
             ,
             not
             for
             the
             publick
             good
             ,
             but
             for
             their
             private
             pleasure
             .
             Marius
             therefore
             endeavoured
             to
             banish
             him
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             to
             this
             purpose
             he
             contracted
             a
             familiar
             Acquaintance
             with
             Glaucias
             and
             
             Saturninus
             ,
             a
             couple
             of
             daring
             resolute
             Fellows
             ,
             who
             had
             a
             great
             company
             of
             poor
             seditious
             People
             at
             their
             beck
             ;
             by
             their
             assistance
             
             he
             enacted
             certain
             Laws
             ,
             and
             gathering
             some
             Soldiers
             ,
             he
             placed
             them
             in
             the
             Assembly
             ,
             and
             by
             this
             Faction
             oppressed
             Metellus
             .
             And
             as
             Rutilius
             relates
             (
             in
             all
             other
             respects
             a
             faithful
             and
             authentick
             Historian
             ,
             but
             indeed
             privately
             an
             Enemy
             to
             Marius
             )
             he
             obtained
             his
             Sixth
             Consulship
             ,
             by
             distributing
             vast
             Sums
             of
             Money
             among
             their
             Tribes
             ,
             and
             so
             too
             bought
             their
             Votes
             to
             put
             by
             Metellus
             from
             the
             Office
             ,
             and
             to
             elect
             
               Valerius
               Flaccus
            
             his
             Instrument
             rather
             than
             his
             Collegue
             in
             the
             Consulship
             .
             The
             People
             had
             never
             before
             bestowed
             so
             many
             Consulships
             on
             any
             one
             man
             ,
             except
             on
             
               Valerius
               Corvinus
            
             only
             ;
             and
             he
             too
             ,
             they
             say
             ,
             was
             forty
             five
             years
             between
             his
             first
             and
             last
             ;
             but
             Marius
             from
             his
             first
             ran
             through
             five
             more
             with
             one
             push
             of
             his
             good
             Fortune
             .
          
           
             48.
             
             In
             the
             last
             of
             which
             especially
             he
             contracted
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             hatred
             ,
             by
             committing
             several
             gross
             misdemeanours
             in
             compliance
             with
             the
             irregular
             desires
             of
             Saturninus
             ;
             among
             which
             was
             the
             murther
             of
             Nonius
             ,
             *
             whom
             Saturninus
             ,
             because
             he
             stood
             in
             competion
             with
             him
             for
             the
             Tribuneship
             ,
             slew
             ;
             and
             afterwards
             being
             Tribune
             ,
             made
             a
             Law
             about
             the
             division
             of
             Lands
             and
             fields
             ,
             wherein
             it
             was
             provided
             ,
             that
             the
             Senate
             should
             come
             and
             swear
             to
             confirm
             whatever
             the
             People
             should
             
             vote
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             oppose
             them
             in
             any
             thing
             .
             Marius
             in
             the
             Senate
             cunningly
             feigned
             to
             be
             against
             this
             Clause
             of
             the
             Law
             ,
             and
             said
             ,
             that
             he
             would
             not
             take
             any
             such
             Oath
             ,
             nor
             any
             else
             ,
             he
             thought
             ,
             that
             were
             wise
             ;
             for
             if
             there
             were
             no
             ill
             Design
             in
             the
             Law
             ,
             it
             would
             be
             an
             affront
             to
             the
             Senate
             to
             be
             compelled
             to
             give
             their
             approbation
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             do
             it
             rather
             willingly
             or
             by
             perswasion
             .
             This
             he
             said
             ,
             not
             that
             it
             was
             agreeable
             
             to
             his
             own
             Sentiments
             ,
             but
             that
             he
             might
             thereby
             entangle
             Metellus
             in
             an
             unavoidable
             snare
             ;
             for
             making
             a
             great
             part
             of
             his
             Virtue
             and
             Gravity
             to
             consist
             in
             deceit
             ,
             he
             made
             very
             little
             account
             of
             what
             he
             had
             openly
             professed
             to
             the
             Senate
             ;
             he
             knowing
             too
             that
             Metellus
             was
             one
             of
             a
             fixed
             resolution
             ,
             and
             (
             as
             Pindar
             has
             it
             )
             that
             esteemed
             
               Truth
               the
               greatest
               Principle
               of
               Heroick
               Virtue
               ,
            
             designed
             by
             this
             his
             refusal
             of
             the
             Oath
             in
             the
             Senate
             to
             ensnare
             him
             by
             making
             him
             refuse
             the
             Law
             also
             ;
             and
             thereby
             to
             cast
             such
             an
             Odium
             upon
             him
             with
             the
             People
             ,
             as
             should
             never
             be
             wiped
             off
             .
             Which
             accordingly
             succeeded
             to
             his
             wish
             ;
             for
             as
             soon
             as
             Metellus
             had
             declared
             that
             he
             would
             not
             swear
             to
             it
             ,
             the
             Senate
             adjourned
             .
          
           
             49.
             
             Within
             a
             sew
             days
             Saturninus
             citing
             the
             Senators
             to
             make
             their
             appearance
             ,
             and
             pressing
             them
             to
             take
             the
             Oath
             ,
             Marius
             
             stepped
             forth
             ,
             (
             whereupon
             was
             a
             profound
             silence
             ,
             and
             every
             one
             very
             intent
             upon
             him
             )
             and
             bidding
             farewel
             to
             those
             fine
             smooth
             Speeches
             he
             had
             before
             made
             in
             the
             Senate
             ,
             said
             ;
             That
             he
             was
             not
             grown
             so
             obstinate
             as
             to
             do
             any
             thing
             to
             the
             prejudice
             of
             so
             good
             a
             design
             ;
             but
             would
             willingly
             swear
             and
             submit
             to
             the
             Law
             ,
             if
             so
             be
             it
             were
             one
             (
             which
             Caution
             he
             added
             as
             a
             Pretext
             for
             his
             Impudence
             .
             )
             The
             People
             extreamly
             pleased
             at
             his
             taking
             the
             Oath
             ,
             mightily
             extolled
             and
             applauded
             him
             ,
             the
             Nobility
             were
             very
             much
             ashamed
             and
             vexed
             at
             
             Marius's
             Inconstancy
             ;
             but
             they
             were
             forced
             ,
             for
             fear
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             to
             swear
             in
             order
             till
             it
             came
             to
             
             Metellus's
             turn
             .
             But
             he
             ,
             though
             his
             Friends
             followed
             and
             entreated
             him
             to
             take
             the
             Oath
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             plunge
             himself
             irrecoverably
             into
             those
             Penalties
             which
             Saturninus
             had
             provided
             for
             them
             that
             would
             not
             take
             it
             ,
             would
             not
             flinch
             from
             his
             resolution
             ,
             nor
             swear
             ;
             but
             according
             to
             his
             usual
             custom
             ,
             being
             ready
             to
             suffer
             any
             thing
             rather
             than
             do
             a
             base
             unworthy
             Action
             ,
             left
             the
             Forum
             telling
             them
             that
             were
             with
             him
             ,
             
               That
               it
               was
               base
               to
               do
               any
               thing
               that
               is
               ill
               ,
               and
               common
               to
               do
               well
               ,
               where
               there
               is
               no
               danger
               ;
               but
               where
               there
               is
               ,
               even
               in
               despite
               of
               that
               ,
               to
               do
               well
               was
               the
               property
               of
               a
               good
               man.
               
            
          
           
           
             50.
             
             Hereupon
             Saturninus
             put
             it
             to
             the
             Vote
             that
             the
             Consuls
             should
             declare
             Metellus
             banished
             ,
             and
             that
             none
             should
             entertain
             him
             :
             there
             was
             enough
             too
             of
             the
             basest
             of
             People
             ready
             to
             kill
             him
             ;
             and
             when
             many
             of
             the
             better
             sort
             were
             extreamly
             concerned
             for
             ,
             and
             gathered
             about
             Metellus
             ,
             he
             would
             not
             suffer
             them
             to
             raise
             a
             Sedition
             upon
             his
             account
             ;
             but
             more
             advisedly
             left
             the
             City
             ,
             saying
             ;
             
               Either
               when
               the
               posture
               of
               affairs
               is
               mended
               ,
               and
               the
               People
               repent
               ,
               I
               shall
               be
               recalled
               ;
               or
               if
               things
               remain
               in
               the
               present
               posture
               ,
               it
               will
               be
               best
               to
               be
               absent
               .
            
             But
             how
             great
             Favour
             and
             Honour
             Metellus
             received
             in
             his
             Banishment
             ,
             and
             after
             what
             manner
             he
             spent
             his
             time
             at
             Rhodes
             in
             Philosophy
             ,
             we
             shall
             more
             opportunely
             shew
             you
             when
             we
             write
             his
             Life
             .
          
           
             51.
             
             Marius
             ,
             for
             this
             piece
             of
             Service
             done
             him
             ,
             forced
             to
             connive
             at
             Saturninus
             ,
             now
             arrived
             at
             the
             very
             height
             of
             Insolence
             and
             Force
             ,
             had
             unawares
             occasioned
             such
             a
             flame
             as
             could
             not
             now
             be
             easily
             quenched
             ,
             but
             by
             Outrages
             and
             Massacres
             directly
             tending
             to
             Tyranny
             and
             the
             Subversion
             of
             the
             Government
             ;
             for
             standing
             in
             some
             awe
             of
             the
             Nobility
             ,
             and
             withal
             flattering
             the
             Commonalty
             ,
             he
             did
             a
             very
             
             cowardly
             and
             dishonest
             Action
             .
             When
             some
             of
             the
             great
             men
             came
             to
             him
             at
             night
             
             to
             stir
             him
             up
             against
             Saturninus
             ,
             he
             let
             him
             in
             unknown
             to
             them
             at
             the
             other
             door
             ;
             then
             making
             the
             same
             pretences
             of
             doing
             his
             necessary
             occasions
             to
             both
             ,
             he
             ran
             from
             one
             Party
             to
             the
             other
             ,
             and
             staying
             one
             while
             with
             them
             and
             another
             with
             him
             ,
             he
             instigated
             and
             exasperated
             them
             one
             against
             another
             .
             At
             length
             ,
             when
             both
             the
             Senate
             and
             Equestrian
             ▪
             Order
             ,
             agreed
             together
             ,
             and
             shewed
             their
             resentment
             at
             it
             ,
             he
             filled
             the
             Market-place
             with
             Soldiers
             ;
             and
             by
             cutting
             off
             the
             Aqueducts
             ,
             he
             forced
             those
             that
             retreated
             to
             the
             Capitol
             to
             surrender
             for
             want
             of
             Water
             :
             they
             in
             this
             distress
             submitted
             themselves
             upon
             the
             Publick
             Faith
             ,
             whom
             he
             endeavoured
             all
             ways
             imaginable
             to
             preserve
             ,
             but
             without
             Success
             ;
             for
             when
             they
             came
             into
             the
             Forum
             ,
             they
             were
             all
             basely
             murthered
             .
             Hereupon
             equally
             odious
             both
             to
             the
             Nobility
             
             and
             Commons
             ,
             when
             the
             time
             was
             come
             to
             create
             Censors
             ,
             though
             he
             were
             the
             most
             likely
             man
             ,
             yet
             he
             did
             not
             petition
             for
             it
             ;
             but
             fearing
             the
             disgrace
             of
             being
             repulsed
             ,
             permitted
             others
             his
             Inferiours
             to
             be
             elected
             ;
             yet
             he
             pleased
             himself
             in
             giving
             out
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             not
             willing
             to
             disoblige
             too
             many
             by
             a
             severe
             inspection
             into
             their
             Lives
             and
             Conversations
             .
          
           
             52.
             
             There
             was
             now
             an
             edict
             preferring
             to
             recal
             Metellus
             from
             Banishment
             ;
             this
             he
             
             vigorously
             ,
             but
             in
             vain
             ,
             opposed
             both
             in
             his
             Discourse
             and
             Actions
             :
             yet
             at
             length
             desisted
             ;
             for
             the
             People
             unanimously
             voting
             for
             it
             ,
             and
             he
             not
             able
             to
             endure
             the
             sight
             of
             
             Metellus's
             Return
             ,
             made
             a
             Voyage
             to
             Cappadocia
             and
             Galatia
             ;
             giving
             out
             that
             he
             was
             to
             perform
             some
             Sacrifices
             ,
             which
             he
             had
             vowed
             to
             Cybele
             ;
             but
             had
             indeed
             another
             reason
             for
             his
             departure
             ,
             which
             was
             not
             to
             be
             discovered
             to
             the
             People
             .
             He
             being
             one
             altogether
             ignorant
             of
             Civility
             and
             State-Affairs
             ,
             had
             received
             all
             his
             advancement
             from
             the
             War
             ;
             and
             then
             too
             supposing
             both
             his
             Power
             and
             Glory
             would
             by
             little
             and
             little
             decrease
             by
             his
             lying
             quiet
             and
             out
             of
             action
             ,
             sought
             by
             all
             means
             to
             lay
             the
             Foundation
             of
             some
             new
             Commotions
             ,
             and
             hoped
             too
             that
             by
             setting
             at
             variance
             some
             of
             the
             neighbour
             Kings
             ,
             and
             by
             stirring
             up
             and
             exasperating
             Mithridates
             especially
             ,
             who
             was
             then
             apparently
             making
             preparations
             for
             War
             ,
             he
             himself
             should
             be
             chosen
             General
             against
             him
             ,
             and
             so
             furnish
             the
             City
             with
             new
             matter
             of
             Triumph
             ,
             and
             his
             own
             House
             with
             the
             Plunder
             of
             Pontus
             ,
             and
             the
             Riches
             of
             its
             King.
             Wherefore
             ,
             though
             Mithridates
             had
             entertained
             him
             with
             all
             imaginable
             obligingness
             and
             respect
             ,
             yet
             he
             was
             not
             at
             all
             wrought
             upon
             or
             softned
             by
             it
             ;
             but
             said
             ,
             
               O
               King
               !
               either
               endeavour
               to
               be
               indeed
            
             
             
               more
               potent
               than
               the
            
             Romans
             ,
             
               or
               else
               quietly
            
             
             
               submit
               to
               their
               Commands
            
             .
             With
             which
             he
             almost
             astonished
             him
             ,
             having
             indeed
             often
             heard
             the
             Fame
             of
             the
             bold
             speaking
             of
             the
             Romans
             ,
             but
             was
             now
             first
             acquainted
             with
             that
             Impudence
             .
          
           
             53.
             
             When
             Marius
             returned
             again
             to
             Rome
             ,
             he
             built
             an
             House
             close
             by
             the
             Market-place
             ,
             either
             (
             as
             he
             himself
             gave
             out
             )
             that
             he
             was
             not
             willing
             his
             Clients
             should
             be
             tired
             with
             going
             far
             ,
             or
             that
             he
             imagined
             it
             would
             cause
             the
             greater
             Concourse
             at
             his
             Gates
             :
             yet
             this
             was
             not
             the
             true
             reason
             neither
             ▪
             but
             because
             being
             inferiour
             to
             others
             in
             obliging
             Conversation
             and
             the
             Arts
             of
             Courtship
             ,
             like
             a
             meer
             Tool
             and
             Implement
             of
             War
             ,
             he
             was
             thrown
             aside
             in
             time
             of
             Peace
             .
             Amongst
             all
             those
             ,
             whose
             brightness
             eclipsed
             his
             Glory
             ,
             he
             was
             most
             extreamly
             incensed
             against
             Sylla
             ,
             who
             had
             received
             his
             Rise
             from
             the
             hatred
             which
             the
             Nobility
             bore
             Marius
             ;
             and
             had
             made
             his
             disagreement
             with
             him
             the
             first
             step
             of
             his
             Preferment
             .
             When
             Bocchus
             King
             of
             Numidia
             ,
             who
             was
             stiled
             the
             
               Associate
               of
               the
               Romans
            
             ,
             dedicated
             some
             Trophies
             of
             Victory
             in
             the
             Capitol
             ,
             and
             by
             them
             the
             Picture
             of
             himself
             
             in
             Gold
             delivering
             Jugurtha
             to
             
               Sylla
               :
               Marius
            
             upon
             this
             was
             almost
             distracted
             with
             rage
             and
             Ambition
             (
             as
             though
             Sylla
             had
             arrogated
             this
             Honour
             to
             himself
             )
             and
             
             endeavoured
             forcibly
             to
             pull
             down
             these
             Presents
             :
             Sylla
             on
             the
             other
             side
             as
             vigorously
             resisted
             him
             ,
             but
             the
             War
             of
             the
             Confederates
             then
             on
             a
             sudden
             threatning
             the
             City
             ,
             put
             a
             stop
             to
             this
             Sedition
             just
             
             ready
             to
             break
             out
             .
             Now
             the
             most
             warlike
             and
             best
             peopled
             Countries
             of
             all
             Italy
             conspired
             together
             against
             Rome
             ,
             and
             were
             within
             a
             little
             of
             subverting
             the
             Empire
             ;
             their
             chief
             strength
             consisting
             not
             only
             in
             their
             Weapons
             and
             the
             
               Valour
               of
               their
               Soldiers
            
             ;
             but
             standing
             upon
             equal
             terms
             with
             the
             Romans
             ,
             as
             to
             the
             
               Courage
               and
               sufficiency
               of
               their
               Commanders
               .
            
          
           
             54.
             
             This
             War
             so
             various
             as
             to
             its
             Encounters
             ,
             and
             so
             uncertain
             as
             to
             its
             Success
             ,
             what
             Glory
             and
             Power
             it
             conferred
             upon
             Sylla
             ,
             of
             so
             much
             it
             deprived
             Marius
             ,
             who
             seeded
             not
             to
             be
             very
             brisk
             in
             his
             Charges
             ,
             but
             was
             for
             the
             most
             part
             guilty
             of
             Delays
             ,
             Retreats
             and
             almost
             Cowardice
             ;
             whether
             it
             were
             ,
             that
             his
             Age
             had
             quenched
             that
             heat
             and
             vigour
             he
             was
             formerly
             Master
             of
             (
             for
             he
             was
             now
             above
             sixty
             five
             years
             old
             ;
             )
             or
             that
             ,
             as
             he
             himself
             said
             ,
             having
             some
             distemper
             in
             his
             Nerves
             ,
             and
             his
             Body
             unfit
             for
             Action
             ,
             he
             had
             for
             meer
             shame
             ventured
             upon
             some
             Expeditions
             above
             his
             strength
             .
             Yet
             for
             all
             this
             he
             came
             off
             Victor
             in
             a
             considerable
             Battel
             ,
             wherein
             he
             slew
             6000
             of
             the
             Enemies
             ,
             and
             never
             gave
             
             them
             any
             advantage
             over
             him
             .
             Nay
             ,
             though
             he
             was
             once
             surrounded
             by
             the
             Works
             of
             the
             Enemy
             he
             contained
             himself
             ;
             and
             though
             insulted
             over
             ,
             braved
             ,
             and
             challenged
             ,
             yet
             he
             seemed
             not
             much
             concerned
             at
             it
             .
             There
             goes
             a
             report
             ,
             that
             when
             one
             *
             
               Publius
               Silo
            
             ,
             a
             man
             of
             the
             greatest
             Worth
             and
             Authority
             among
             the
             Enemies
             ,
             said
             to
             him
             ;
             
               If
               thou
               beest
               that
               great
               Captain
            
             Marius
             ,
             
               come
               to
               a
               Battel
            
             ;
             he
             answered
             ,
             
               If
               you
               be
               such
               an
               one
               ,
               force
               me
               to
               fight
               .
            
             And
             another
             time
             ,
             when
             the
             Enemy
             gave
             them
             a
             good
             opportunity
             of
             a
             Battel
             ;
             and
             the
             Romans
             through
             fear
             durst
             not
             charge
             ,
             so
             that
             both
             Parties
             retreated
             ;
             he
             called
             an
             Assembly
             of
             his
             Soldiers
             ,
             and
             said
             ;
             
               It
               is
               no
               small
               question
               whether
               I
               should
               call
               the
               Enemies
               or
               you
               the
               greater
               Cowards
               ,
               for
               neither
               dare
               they
               face
               your
               backs
               nor
               you
               theirs
               .
            
          
           
             55.
             
             At
             length
             pretending
             to
             be
             worn
             out
             with
             the
             Infirmity
             of
             his
             Body
             ,
             he
             laid
             down
             his
             Command
             .
             Afterwards
             when
             the
             Italians
             were
             worsted
             ,
             several
             at
             Rome
             ,
             by
             the
             Interest
             of
             those
             that
             led
             the
             People
             ,
             sued
             for
             Employment
             in
             the
             War
             with
             
               Mithridates
               .
               Sulpitius
            
             Tribune
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             a
             bold
             resolute
             Fellow
             ,
             contrary
             to
             every
             body's
             expectation
             bringing
             in
             Marius
             ,
             declared
             him
             Proconsul
             and
             General
             in
             that
             War
             ;
             whereupon
             the
             People
             were
             divided
             ,
             some
             were
             on
             
             Marius's
             side
             ,
             others
             
             voted
             for
             
               Sylla
               ▪
            
             and
             jeeringly
             bad
             Marius
             go
             to
             his
             Baths
             at
             Baiae
             to
             cure
             his
             Body
             worn
             out
             ,
             as
             himself
             confessed
             ,
             with
             Age
             and
             Catarrhs
             .
             Now
             Marius
             had
             indeed
             there
             ,
             about
             Misenum
             ,
             a
             Villa
             more
             effeminately
             and
             luxuriously
             furnished
             than
             became
             a
             man
             employed
             in
             so
             many
             and
             great
             Wars
             and
             Expeditions
             .
             This
             same
             House
             Cornelia
             bought
             for
             75000
             Denarii
             ,
             and
             not
             long
             after
             
               Lucius
               Lucullus
            
             for
             250000
             :
             in
             so
             short
             a
             time
             did
             the
             Luxury
             and
             Effeminacy
             of
             the
             Romans
             increase
             .
             After
             all
             this
             ,
             Marius
             very
             ambitiously
             and
             
             childishly
             affecting
             to
             shake
             off
             his
             Age
             and
             weakness
             ,
             went
             into
             the
             Field
             ,
             where
             exercising
             himself
             with
             the
             Youth
             ,
             he
             shewed
             himself
             still
             nimble
             in
             his
             Armour
             ,
             and
             expert
             in
             riding
             ;
             though
             indeed
             he
             were
             grown
             less
             active
             in
             his
             Age
             by
             reason
             of
             his
             great
             belly
             ,
             and
             his
             inclining
             to
             fatness
             and
             corpulency
             .
          
           
             56.
             
             These
             Actions
             of
             his
             pleased
             some
             that
             went
             to
             see
             his
             vain-glory
             in
             those
             Justs
             and
             Exercises
             ;
             but
             the
             better
             sort
             that
             saw
             him
             ,
             pitied
             his
             Avarice
             and
             Ambition
             ,
             that
             from
             a
             begger
             growing
             so
             extreamly
             rich
             ,
             and
             from
             nothing
             becoming
             so
             great
             ,
             would
             know
             no
             bounds
             of
             his
             good
             Fortune
             ,
             nor
             be
             content
             with
             being
             admired
             ,
             and
             quietly
             enjoy
             what
             he
             had
             already
             got
             ;
             but
             ,
             as
             if
             he
             still
             were
             in
             extream
             poverty
             ,
             
             should
             at
             so
             great
             an
             Age
             leave
             Glory
             and
             Triumphs
             to
             go
             into
             Cappadocia
             and
             the
             Euxine
             Sea
             ,
             to
             fight
             Archelaus
             and
             Neoptolemus
             ,
             Mithridates's
             Generals
             .
             
             Marius's
             pretences
             for
             this
             Action
             of
             his
             seemed
             very
             ridiculous
             ;
             for
             he
             said
             he
             had
             a
             mind
             himself
             to
             educate
             his
             Son
             in
             that
             War.
             This
             soon
             ruined
             the
             City
             ,
             which
             had
             been
             a
             long
             time
             sick
             of
             such
             practices
             ,
             when
             Marius
             had
             once
             found
             so
             opportune
             an
             Instrument
             for
             the
             publick
             destruction
             as
             
             Sulpitius's
             Insolence
             .
          
           
             57.
             
             This
             Fellow
             in
             all
             other
             respects
             admired
             
             and
             imitated
             Saturninus
             ;
             only
             found
             fault
             with
             his
             Cowardice
             and
             backwardness
             in
             his
             Designs
             ;
             he
             therefore
             made
             no
             such
             foolish
             delays
             ,
             but
             got
             600
             Horse
             about
             him
             as
             his
             Guard
             ,
             which
             he
             named
             Anti-Senators
             ;
             with
             these
             Assassines
             he
             set
             upon
             the
             Consuls
             whilst
             they
             were
             at
             the
             Assembly
             ,
             and
             took
             the
             Son
             of
             one
             of
             them
             ,
             who
             fled
             from
             the
             Market-place
             ,
             and
             slew
             him
             .
             Sylla
             being
             hotly
             pursued
             ,
             took
             into
             
             Marius's
             House
             ,
             which
             none
             could
             suspect
             (
             by
             that
             means
             escaping
             those
             that
             sought
             him
             ,
             who
             hastily
             passed
             by
             there
             )
             and
             it
             is
             said
             was
             safely
             conveyed
             by
             Marius
             himself
             out
             at
             the
             other
             door
             ,
             and
             came
             to
             the
             Camp.
             Yet
             Sylla
             in
             his
             Memoirs
             positively
             denies
             that
             he
             fled
             to
             Marius
             ,
             but
             that
             he
             was
             carried
             thither
             to
             consult
             of
             those
             
             matters
             ,
             to
             which
             Sulpitius
             would
             have
             forced
             him
             against
             his
             Will
             to
             consent
             ;
             that
             he
             ,
             surrounding
             him
             with
             drawn
             Swords
             ,
             hurried
             him
             to
             Marius
             ,
             and
             restrained
             him
             thus
             ,
             till
             he
             should
             go
             thence
             to
             the
             Market
             place
             ,
             and
             put
             such
             a
             Conclusion
             to
             these
             Affairs
             as
             his
             Masters
             the
             People
             would
             approve
             .
          
           
             58.
             
             Whilst
             these
             things
             were
             acting
             ,
             Sulpitius
             having
             obtained
             the
             sole
             Power
             ,
             decreed
             the
             Command
             of
             the
             Army
             to
             Marius
             ;
             who
             making
             preparations
             for
             his
             March
             ,
             sent
             two
             Tribunes
             to
             receive
             the
             charge
             of
             the
             Army
             from
             
               Sylla
               .
               Sylla
            
             hereupon
             exasperating
             his
             Soldiers
             (
             which
             were
             six
             Legions
             ,
             or
             about
             5000
             Horse
             ,
             and
             30000
             Foot
             )
             brought
             them
             to
             Rome
             ,
             who
             first
             falling
             upon
             the
             Tribunes
             Marius
             had
             
             sent
             ,
             slew
             them
             ;
             and
             Marius
             did
             as
             much
             for
             several
             of
             
             Sylla's
             Friends
             in
             Rome
             ,
             and
             made
             many
             of
             the
             Slaves
             free
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             have
             their
             assistance
             in
             the
             War
             ;
             whereof
             they
             say
             ,
             there
             were
             but
             three
             that
             answered
             his
             expectation
             .
             He
             ,
             for
             some
             small
             time
             ,
             made
             head
             against
             
             Sylla's
             assault
             ,
             but
             was
             soon
             over-powred
             and
             fled
             ;
             those
             that
             were
             with
             him
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             he
             had
             escaped
             out
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             were
             dispersed
             ,
             and
             Night
             coming
             on
             ,
             he
             hast'ned
             to
             a
             Country-house
             of
             his
             ,
             called
             Solonium
             .
             Hence
             he
             sent
             his
             Son
             to
             some
             
             neighbouring
             Farms
             of
             his
             Father-in-law
             Mutius
             ,
             to
             provide
             Necessaries
             ;
             himself
             went
             to
             Ostia
             ,
             where
             his
             Friend
             Numerius
             had
             prepared
             him
             a
             Ship
             ,
             and
             not
             staying
             for
             his
             Son
             ,
             he
             took
             with
             him
             his
             Son-in-law
             Granius
             ,
             and
             weighed
             Anchor
             .
          
           
             59.
             
             Young
             Marius
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             he
             came
             to
             
             
             Mutius's
             Farms
             ,
             and
             had
             ordered
             some
             small
             matters
             ,
             the
             day
             breaking
             ,
             he
             was
             almost
             discovered
             by
             the
             Enemy
             ;
             for
             there
             came
             thither
             a
             Party
             of
             Horse
             that
             suspected
             some
             such
             matter
             ;
             whom
             when
             the
             Steward
             perceived
             ,
             he
             hid
             Marius
             in
             a
             Cart
             full
             of
             Beans
             ,
             then
             putting
             to
             his
             Team
             ,
             and
             driving
             toward
             the
             City
             ,
             he
             met
             those
             that
             were
             in
             search
             of
             him
             .
             Marius
             thus
             conveyed
             home
             to
             his
             Wife
             ,
             took
             with
             him
             some
             Necessaries
             ,
             and
             came
             at
             Night
             to
             the
             Sea-side
             ,
             where
             going
             on
             board
             a
             Ship
             that
             was
             bound
             for
             Africk
             ,
             he
             went
             away
             with
             it
             .
             Marius
             the
             Father
             ,
             when
             he
             had
             put
             to
             Sea
             ,
             with
             a
             good
             gale
             passing
             along
             the
             Coast
             of
             Italy
             ,
             was
             in
             no
             small
             apprehension
             of
             one
             Geminius
             ,
             a
             great
             a
             man
             at
             Tarracina
             ,
             and
             his
             Enemy
             ;
             and
             therefore
             bad
             the
             Sea
             men
             hold
             off
             from
             that
             place
             :
             they
             were
             indeed
             willing
             to
             gratifie
             him
             ,
             but
             the
             Wind
             rising
             at
             Sea
             ,
             and
             making
             the
             Waves
             swell
             to
             a
             great
             height
             ,
             they
             were
             afraid
             the
             Ship
             would
             not
             be
             able
             to
             weather
             out
             the
             Storm
             ,
             Marius
             too
             being
             indisposed
             and
             Sea-sick
             ,
             
             they
             with
             great
             difficulty
             reached
             the
             Haven
             at
             Circaeum
             .
          
           
             60.
             
             The
             Storm
             now
             increasing
             ,
             and
             
             their
             Victuals
             failing
             ,
             they
             put
             to
             Shore
             ,
             and
             wandered
             up
             and
             down
             they
             knew
             not
             whither
             (
             as
             it
             usually
             happens
             in
             great
             Distresses
             ;
             )
             they
             always
             shun
             the
             present
             as
             the
             greatest
             evil
             ,
             and
             relie
             upon
             the
             hopes
             of
             uncertainties
             ;
             for
             the
             Land
             and
             Sea
             were
             both
             equally
             unsafe
             for
             them
             ,
             it
             was
             dangerous
             to
             meet
             with
             People
             ,
             and
             it
             was
             no
             less
             so
             to
             meet
             with
             none
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             their
             want
             of
             Necessaries
             .
             At
             length
             ,
             though
             late
             first
             ,
             they
             light
             upon
             a
             few
             poor
             Shepherds
             ,
             that
             had
             not
             any
             thing
             to
             relieve
             them
             ;
             but
             knowing
             Marius
             ,
             advised
             him
             to
             depart
             as
             soon
             as
             might
             be
             ,
             for
             they
             had
             seen
             a
             little
             beyond
             that
             place
             a
             Party
             of
             Horse
             that
             were
             gone
             in
             search
             of
             him
             .
             Whereupon
             finding
             himself
             in
             a
             great
             straight
             ,
             especially
             because
             those
             that
             attended
             him
             were
             not
             able
             to
             go
             farther
             ,
             being
             spent
             with
             their
             long
             fasting
             ;
             he
             turned
             aside
             out
             of
             the
             Road
             ,
             and
             hid
             himself
             in
             a
             thick
             Wood
             ,
             where
             he
             passed
             the
             Night
             in
             great
             distress
             .
             The
             next
             day
             pinched
             with
             hunger
             ,
             and
             willing
             to
             make
             use
             of
             the
             little
             strength
             he
             had
             ,
             before
             it
             were
             all
             exhausted
             ,
             he
             travelled
             by
             the
             Sea-side
             ,
             encouraging
             his
             Companions
             not
             to
             desert
             him
             in
             the
             last
             of
             his
             hopes
             ,
             for
             which
             he
             reserved
             
             himself
             ,
             relying
             on
             the
             credit
             of
             some
             old
             Prophecies
             .
          
           
             61.
             
             That
             when
             he
             was
             yet
             but
             very
             
             young
             and
             lived
             in
             the
             Country
             ,
             he
             brought
             home
             in
             the
             skirt
             of
             his
             Garment
             an
             Eagle's
             Nest
             ,
             wherein
             were
             seven
             young
             ones
             ,
             which
             his
             Parents
             seeing
             and
             much
             admiring
             ,
             consulted
             the
             Augures
             about
             it
             ,
             who
             told
             them
             ,
             that
             he
             should
             become
             the
             greatest
             man
             in
             the
             World
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Fates
             had
             decreed
             he
             should
             seven
             times
             be
             possessed
             of
             the
             Supream
             Power
             and
             Authority
             .
             Some
             are
             of
             Opinion
             that
             this
             really
             happ'ned
             to
             Marius
             after
             the
             same
             manner
             we
             have
             related
             it
             ;
             others-say
             ,
             that
             those
             men
             who
             then
             and
             through
             the
             rest
             of
             his
             Exile
             heard
             him
             tell
             these
             Stories
             and
             believed
             him
             ,
             have
             recorded
             a
             Relation
             altogether
             fabulous
             ;
             for
             an
             Eagle
             never
             hatches
             more
             than
             two
             ;
             besides
             they
             give
             Musaeus
             the
             Lye
             ,
             who
             speaking
             of
             the
             Eagle
             ,
             say
             ,
             
               That
               she
               lays
               three
               Eggs
               ,
               hatches
               two
               ,
               and
               nourishes
               but
               one
               .
            
             Whatever
             this
             be
             ,
             it
             is
             certain
             Marius
             in
             his
             Exile
             and
             greatest
             Extremities
             would
             often
             say
             ,
             that
             he
             had
             still
             a
             prospect
             of
             a
             Seventh
             Consulship
             .
          
           
             62.
             
             When
             Marius
             and
             his
             company
             were
             now
             about
             twenty
             furlongs
             distant
             from
             Minturnae
             ,
             a
             City
             in
             Italy
             ,
             they
             espied
             a
             Troop
             of
             Horse
             making
             up
             toward
             them
             
             with
             all
             speed
             ,
             and
             by
             chance
             also
             at
             the
             same
             time
             two
             Ships
             under
             sail
             ;
             whereupon
             they
             ran
             every
             one
             with
             what
             speed
             and
             strength
             they
             could
             to
             the
             Sea
             ,
             and
             plunging
             themselves
             into
             it
             ,
             swam
             to
             the
             Ships
             .
             Those
             that
             were
             with
             Granius
             seized
             upon
             one
             of
             them
             ,
             and
             passed
             over
             to
             an
             opposite
             Island
             called
             
               Aenaria
               ;
               Marius
            
             himself
             ,
             whose
             Body
             was
             heavy
             and
             unwieldy
             ,
             was
             with
             great
             pains
             and
             difficulty
             born
             above
             the
             Water
             by
             two
             Servants
             ,
             and
             put
             into
             the
             other
             Ship.
             The
             Soldiers
             were
             by
             this
             time
             come
             to
             the
             Sea-side
             ,
             and
             from
             thence
             commanded
             the
             Sea-men
             to
             put
             to
             Shoar
             ,
             or
             else
             to
             throw
             out
             Marius
             ,
             and
             then
             they
             might
             go
             whither
             they
             would
             .
             Marius
             besought
             them
             with
             tears
             to
             the
             contrary
             ;
             and
             the
             Masters
             of
             the
             Ship
             ,
             after
             some
             consultation
             ,
             which
             inclined
             first
             to
             one
             then
             to
             the
             other
             side
             ,
             resolved
             at
             length
             to
             answer
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             that
             
               they
               would
               not
               throw
               out
            
             Marius
             .
             As
             soon
             as
             they
             were
             gone
             in
             a
             rage
             ,
             the
             Sea-men
             immediately
             changing
             their
             resolution
             ,
             came
             to
             Land
             ,
             and
             casting
             Anchor
             at
             the
             mouth
             of
             the
             River
             Liris
             ,
             where
             it
             overflowing
             makes
             a
             great
             Marish
             ;
             they
             advised
             him
             to
             Land
             ,
             refresh
             himself
             on
             Shore
             ,
             and
             take
             some
             care
             of
             his
             discomposed
             body
             ,
             till
             the
             Wind
             came
             fairer
             ,
             which
             ,
             say
             they
             ,
             will
             happen
             at
             such
             an
             hour
             ,
             when
             the
             
             Wind
             from
             the
             Sea
             will
             calm
             ,
             and
             that
             from
             the
             Marishes
             rise
             .
             Marius
             following
             their
             advice
             ,
             did
             so
             ,
             and
             when
             the
             Sea-men
             had
             set
             him
             on
             Shore
             ,
             he
             laid
             him
             down
             in
             an
             adjacent
             Field
             ,
             suspecting
             nothing
             less
             than
             what
             was
             to
             befall
             him
             .
             They
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             they
             had
             got
             into
             the
             Ship
             ,
             weighed
             Anchor
             and
             departed
             ,
             as
             thinking
             it
             neither
             honourable
             to
             deliver
             Marius
             into
             the
             hands
             of
             those
             that
             sought
             him
             ,
             nor
             safe
             to
             protect
             him
             .
          
           
             63.
             
             He
             thus
             deserted
             by
             all
             ,
             lay
             a
             good
             while
             silently
             on
             the
             Shore
             ;
             at
             length
             ,
             recollecting
             himself
             ,
             he
             travelled
             very
             disconsolately
             through
             by-ways
             ,
             till
             wading
             through
             deep
             Bogs
             and
             Ditches
             full
             of
             Water
             and
             Mud
             ,
             he
             stumbled
             upon
             the
             Old
             man's
             Cottage
             that
             looked
             after
             the
             Fens
             ;
             and
             falling
             at
             his
             Feet
             ,
             he
             besought
             him
             to
             assist
             and
             preserve
             a
             man
             ,
             who
             if
             he
             escaped
             the
             present
             danger
             ,
             would
             make
             him
             returns
             beyond
             his
             expectation
             .
             The
             poor
             man
             ,
             whether
             he
             had
             formerly
             known
             him
             ,
             or
             were
             then
             moved
             with
             his
             Venerable
             Aspect
             ,
             told
             him
             ,
             that
             if
             he
             wanted
             only
             rest
             ,
             his
             Cottage
             would
             be
             convenient
             ;
             but
             if
             he
             were
             flying
             from
             any
             body's
             search
             ,
             he
             would
             hide
             him
             in
             a
             more
             retired
             place
             .
             Marius
             desiring
             him
             to
             do
             so
             ,
             he
             carried
             him
             into
             the
             Fens
             ,
             and
             bad
             him
             hide
             himself
             in
             an
             hollow
             Cave
             by
             the
             River
             
             side
             ,
             where
             he
             laid
             upon
             him
             a
             great
             many
             Reeds
             and
             other
             things
             that
             were
             light
             ,
             and
             would
             cover
             ,
             but
             not
             oppress
             him
             .
             But
             within
             a
             very
             small
             time
             he
             was
             disturbed
             with
             a
             noise
             and
             tumult
             from
             the
             Cottage
             ,
             for
             Geminius
             had
             sent
             several
             from
             Tarracina
             in
             pursuit
             of
             him
             ;
             whereof
             some
             happ'ning
             to
             come
             that
             way
             ,
             frightned
             and
             threatned
             the
             poor
             Old-man
             for
             having
             entertained
             and
             hid
             an
             Enemy
             of
             the
             Romans
             .
             Wherefore
             Marius
             arising
             and
             
             uncovering
             himself
             ,
             plunged
             into
             a
             puddle
             full
             of
             thick
             muddy
             water
             ;
             and
             even
             there
             he
             could
             not
             escape
             their
             search
             ,
             but
             was
             pulled
             out
             naked
             of
             Cloaths
             ,
             but
             covered
             with
             mire
             ,
             and
             in
             that
             pickle
             carried
             away
             to
             Minturnae
             ,
             and
             delivered
             into
             the
             Magistrate's
             Power
             ;
             for
             there
             had
             been
             a
             Proclamation
             through
             all
             those
             Towns
             ,
             to
             make
             publick
             search
             for
             Marius
             ,
             and
             if
             they
             found
             him
             to
             kill
             him
             ;
             however
             the
             Magistrates
             thought
             convenient
             to
             consider
             a
             little
             better
             of
             it
             first
             ,
             and
             sent
             him
             Prisoner
             to
             the
             House
             of
             one
             Fannia
             .
          
           
             64.
             
             This
             Woman
             was
             supposed
             not
             very
             
             well
             affected
             towards
             him
             upon
             an
             old
             account
             .
             One
             Tinnius
             had
             formerly
             married
             this
             Fannia
             ;
             from
             whom
             she
             afterwards
             being
             divorced
             ,
             demanded
             her
             Portion
             ,
             which
             was
             considerable
             ;
             but
             her
             Husband
             
             accused
             her
             of
             Adultery
             ;
             so
             the
             Controversie
             was
             brought
             before
             Marius
             in
             his
             Sixth
             Consulship
             ;
             when
             the
             cause
             was
             examined
             thorowly
             ,
             it
             appeared
             both
             that
             Fannia
             had
             been
             incontinent
             ,
             and
             that
             her
             Husband
             ,
             though
             he
             knew
             her
             to
             be
             so
             ,
             had
             married
             and
             lived
             a
             considerable
             time
             with
             her
             :
             So
             that
             Marius
             was
             severe
             enough
             with
             both
             ;
             commanding
             him
             to
             restore
             her
             Portion
             ,
             and
             laying
             a
             small
             Fine
             upon
             her
             by
             way
             of
             disgrace
             .
             But
             Fannia
             did
             not
             then
             behave
             her self
             like
             one
             that
             had
             been
             injured
             ,
             but
             assoon
             as
             she
             saw
             Marius
             remembred
             nothing
             less
             than
             old
             Affronts
             ;
             took
             care
             of
             him
             according
             to
             her
             ability
             ,
             and
             very
             much
             comforted
             him
             .
             He
             made
             her
             his
             returns
             ,
             and
             told
             her
             he
             did
             not
             despair
             ,
             for
             he
             had
             met
             with
             a
             very
             lucky
             Omen
             ,
             which
             was
             thus
             ;
             When
             he
             was
             brought
             to
             
             Fannia's
             House
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             the
             
             door
             was
             open
             ,
             an
             Ass
             came
             running
             out
             to
             drink
             at
             a
             Spring
             hard
             by
             ,
             and
             looking
             very
             pertly
             and
             briskly
             upon
             Marius
             ,
             first
             stood
             still
             before
             him
             ,
             then
             brayed
             aloud
             and
             pranced
             by
             him
             .
             Upon
             which
             Marius
             making
             his
             observation
             ,
             said
             ,
             That
             the
             Fates
             designed
             his
             safety
             to
             be
             procured
             rather
             by
             Sea
             than
             Land
             ,
             because
             the
             Ass
             neglected
             his
             dry
             Fodder
             ,
             and
             turned
             from
             it
             to
             the
             Water
             .
             Having
             told
             Fannia
             this
             Story
             he
             commanded
             the
             Chamber-door
             
             to
             be
             shut
             ,
             and
             went
             to
             rest
             .
          
           
             65.
             
             Mean
             while
             the
             Governors
             and
             Senators
             
             of
             Minturnae
             consulted
             together
             ,
             and
             determined
             ,
             not
             to
             delay
             any
             longer
             ,
             but
             immediately
             to
             kill
             Marius
             ;
             and
             when
             none
             of
             their
             Citizens
             durst
             undertake
             the
             business
             ,
             a
             certain
             Soldier
             ,
             a
             Gaul
             or
             Cimber
             (
             the
             story
             is
             told
             of
             both
             )
             went
             in
             with
             his
             Sword
             drawn
             to
             him
             ;
             the
             Room
             it self
             was
             not
             very
             light
             ,
             that
             part
             of
             it
             especially
             ,
             where
             he
             then
             lay
             ,
             was
             dark
             ,
             from
             whence
             
             Marius's
             Eyes
             ,
             they
             say
             ,
             seemed
             to
             the
             Fellow
             to
             dart
             out
             flames
             at
             him
             ,
             and
             a
             loud
             voice
             to
             say
             ,
             
               Fellow
               ,
               darest
               thou
               kill
            
             C.
             Marius
             ?
             The
             Ruffian
             hereupon
             immediately
             fled
             ,
             and
             leaving
             his
             Sword
             in
             the
             place
             ,
             rushed
             out
             of
             doors
             ,
             crying
             only
             this
             ,
             
               I
               cannot
               kill
            
             C.
             Marius
             .
             At
             which
             they
             were
             all
             at
             first
             astonished
             ,
             afterwards
             pitied
             him
             ,
             and
             reversed
             their
             Sentence
             ,
             and
             were
             even
             angry
             at
             themselves
             for
             making
             so
             unjust
             and
             ungrateful
             a
             Decree
             against
             one
             who
             had
             preserved
             Italy
             ,
             and
             whom
             it
             was
             base
             not
             to
             assist
             to
             their
             utmost
             .
             
               Let
               him
               go
            
             ,
             say
             they
             ,
             
               where
               he
               please
               to
               banishment
               ,
               let
               him
               find
               his
               Fate
               somewhere
               else
               ;
               we
               beg
               pardon
               of
               the
               Gods
               for
               thrusting
            
             Marius
             
               distressed
               and
               deserted
               out
               of
               our
               City
               .
            
          
           
             66.
             
             Whilst
             they
             were
             taken
             up
             with
             such
             
             like
             thoughts
             ,
             there
             came
             a
             great
             company
             
             about
             him
             ,
             and
             conducted
             him
             towards
             the
             Sea-side
             ,
             where
             though
             every
             one
             was
             very
             officious
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             all
             made
             what
             haste
             they
             could
             ,
             yet
             a
             considerable
             time
             was
             spent
             ;
             for
             there
             was
             a
             Grove
             called
             Marice
             (
             which
             the
             People
             thereabouts
             held
             sacred
             ,
             and
             suffered
             nothing
             that
             is
             brought
             into
             it
             to
             be
             carried
             out
             again
             )
             this
             lay
             just
             in
             their
             way
             to
             the
             Sea
             ,
             and
             if
             they
             should
             go
             round
             about
             ,
             they
             must
             needs
             come
             very
             late
             thither
             .
             At
             length
             one
             of
             the
             Old
             men
             cried
             out
             and
             said
             ,
             there
             was
             no
             place
             so
             sacred
             ,
             but
             they
             might
             pass
             though
             it
             for
             
             Marius's
             preservation
             ;
             and
             thereupon
             first
             of
             all
             taking
             up
             some
             of
             the
             Baggage
             that
             was
             carried
             for
             his
             accommodation
             to
             the
             Ship
             ,
             passed
             through
             the
             Grove
             ,
             all
             the
             rest
             immediately
             with
             the
             same
             readiness
             accompanying
             him
             .
             [
             He
             afterwards
             had
             the
             Picture
             of
             these
             things
             drawn
             and
             placed
             it
             in
             a
             Temple
             thereabouts
             .
             ]
             One
             Belaeus
             having
             by
             this
             time
             provided
             him
             a
             Ship
             ,
             Marius
             there
             went
             on
             board
             ,
             and
             hoisting
             Sail
             ,
             was
             by
             chance
             thrown
             upon
             the
             Island
             Aenaria
             ,
             where
             meeting
             with
             Granius
             and
             his
             other
             Friends
             ,
             he
             sailed
             with
             them
             to
             Africk
             .
             But
             their
             water
             failing
             them
             in
             the
             way
             ,
             they
             were
             forced
             to
             put
             in
             at
             Erycine
             in
             Sicily
             ,
             where
             was
             a
             Roman
             Quaestor
             presiding
             over
             those
             Places
             ,
             who
             had
             almost
             taken
             Marius
             going
             on
             
             Shore
             ,
             and
             killed
             sixteen
             of
             his
             retinue
             that
             went
             to
             fetch
             Water
             .
             Marius
             with
             all
             expedition
             loosing
             thence
             ,
             passed
             over
             to
             the
             Isle
             Meniux
             ,
             where
             he
             first
             heard
             the
             News
             of
             his
             Son's
             escape
             with
             Cethegus
             ,
             and
             of
             his
             going
             to
             implore
             the
             assistance
             of
             Hiempsal
             King
             of
             Numidia
             .
          
           
             67.
             
             With
             this
             News
             being
             somewhat
             comforted
             ,
             he
             ventured
             to
             pass
             from
             that
             Isle
             towards
             
               Carthage
               .
               Sextilius
            
             a
             Roman
             was
             then
             Pretor
             in
             Africk
             ;
             one
             that
             had
             never
             received
             either
             any
             Injury
             or
             kindness
             from
             Marius
             ,
             yet
             he
             hoped
             he
             would
             out
             of
             meer
             pity
             lend
             him
             some
             help
             .
             He
             was
             now
             scarce
             got
             ashore
             with
             a
             small
             retinue
             ,
             when
             an
             Officer
             was
             sent
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             meeting
             him
             ,
             said
             ,
             Sextilius
             
               the
               Pretor
               forbids
               thee
            
             ,
             Marius
             ,
             
               to
               set
               foot
               in
            
             Africk
             ;
             
               if
               thou
               doest
            
             ,
             he
             says
             ,
             
               he
               will
               put
               the
               Decree
               of
               the
               Senate
               in
               execution
               ,
               and
               treat
               the
               as
               an
               Enemy
               to
               the
            
             Romans
             .
             When
             Marius
             heard
             this
             he
             wanted
             Words
             to
             express
             his
             Grief
             and
             Resentment
             ,
             and
             for
             a
             good
             while
             held
             his
             peace
             ,
             looking
             sternly
             upon
             the
             Messenger
             ,
             who
             asked
             him
             what
             he
             should
             say
             ,
             or
             what
             answer
             he
             should
             return
             to
             the
             Pretor
             ?
             Marius
             answered
             him
             with
             a
             deep
             sigh
             ;
             
               Go
               tell
               him
               that
               you
               have
               seen
            
             C.
             Marius
             
               sitting
               upon
               the
               Rubbish
               of
            
             Carthage
             :
             very
             appositely
             applying
             the
             example
             of
             the
             Fortune
             of
             that
             City
             to
             the
             Change
             of
             his
             own
             Condition
             .
          
           
           
             68.
             
             In
             the
             interim
             ,
             Hiempsal
             ,
             King
             of
             
             Numidia
             ,
             often
             changing
             his
             Designs
             ,
             treated
             young
             Marius
             and
             those
             that
             were
             with
             him
             very
             honourably
             ;
             but
             when
             they
             had
             a
             mind
             to
             depart
             ,
             he
             still
             had
             some
             pretence
             or
             other
             to
             detain
             them
             ;
             and
             it
             was
             manifest
             he
             made
             these
             delays
             upon
             no
             good
             designs
             ;
             however
             there
             hap'ned
             a
             strange
             accident
             (
             as
             it
             sometimes
             falls
             out
             )
             that
             made
             well
             for
             their
             preservation
             .
             The
             hard
             Fortune
             which
             still
             attended
             young
             Marius
             ,
             who
             was
             of
             a
             very
             comely
             Aspect
             ,
             nearly
             touched
             one
             of
             the
             King's
             Concubines
             ,
             and
             this
             pity
             of
             hers
             was
             the
             beginning
             and
             pretence
             for
             her
             Love.
             At
             first
             he
             declined
             the
             Woman's
             sollicitations
             ,
             but
             when
             he
             perceived
             that
             there
             was
             no
             other
             way
             of
             escaping
             ,
             and
             that
             she
             caressed
             him
             with
             greater
             kindness
             than
             one
             that
             designed
             only
             the
             gratifying
             her
             sensuality
             ,
             he
             complied
             with
             her
             Love
             ,
             and
             being
             thereupon
             set
             at
             liberty
             by
             her
             ,
             he
             escaped
             with
             his
             Friends
             ,
             and
             fled
             to
             his
             Father
             Marius
             .
             As
             soon
             as
             they
             had
             saluted
             each
             
             other
             ,
             and
             were
             going
             by
             the
             Sea-side
             ,
             they
             saw
             some
             Scorpions
             fighting
             ,
             which
             Marius
             took
             for
             an
             ill
             Omen
             ,
             whereupon
             they
             immediately
             went
             on
             board
             a
             little
             Fisher-boat
             ,
             and
             made
             toward
             Cercina
             ,
             an
             Island
             not
             far
             distant
             from
             the
             Continent
             .
             They
             had
             scarce
             put
             off
             from
             Shore
             when
             
             they
             escaped
             some
             Horse
             sent
             after
             them
             by
             the
             King
             ,
             with
             all
             speed
             making
             toward
             that
             very
             place
             from
             which
             they
             were
             just
             retired
             ;
             so
             that
             Marius
             thought
             that
             in
             all
             his
             Life
             he
             had
             never
             escaped
             a
             greater
             danger
             .
          
           
             69.
             
             At
             Rome
             it
             was
             discovered
             that
             Sylla
             
             was
             engaged
             with
             
             Mithridates's
             Generals
             near
             Baeotia
             ,
             whilst
             the
             Consuls
             from
             a
             Tumult
             were
             fallen
             to
             down-right
             fighting
             ,
             wherein
             Octavius
             prevailing
             ,
             drove
             Cinna
             out
             of
             the
             City
             for
             affecting
             a
             Tyrannical
             Government
             ,
             and
             made
             
               Cornelius
               Merule
            
             Consul
             in
             his
             stead
             ;
             but
             Cinna
             raising
             Forces
             in
             all
             Parts
             of
             Italy
             ,
             carried
             on
             the
             War
             against
             them
             .
             As
             soon
             as
             Marius
             heard
             of
             this
             ,
             he
             resolved
             with
             all
             expedition
             to
             put
             
             to
             Sea
             again
             ,
             and
             having
             leavied
             in
             Africk
             some
             Maurusian
             Horse
             ,
             and
             a
             few
             others
             that
             came
             to
             him
             out
             of
             Italy
             (
             which
             all
             together
             were
             not
             above
             1000
             )
             he
             with
             this
             handful
             began
             his
             Voyage
             .
             Arriving
             at
             Telamone
             ,
             an
             Haven
             in
             Hetruria
             ,
             and
             coming
             ashore
             ,
             he
             made
             several
             of
             the
             Slaves
             free
             ;
             many
             of
             the
             Country-men
             also
             and
             Shepherds
             thereabouts
             (
             that
             were
             already
             Freemen
             )
             at
             the
             hearing
             his
             name
             came
             flocking
             to
             him
             to
             the
             Sea-side
             ;
             he
             perswaded
             the
             most
             warlike
             of
             them
             ,
             and
             in
             a
             small
             time
             got
             together
             a
             competent
             Army
             ,
             wherewith
             he
             filled
             forty
             Ships
             .
             Now
             he
             
             knowing
             Octavius
             to
             be
             a
             very
             good
             man
             ,
             and
             willing
             to
             execute
             his
             Office
             with
             the
             greatest
             Justice
             imaginable
             ,
             and
             Cinna
             to
             be
             suspected
             by
             Sylla
             ,
             and
             then
             in
             actual
             War
             against
             the
             established
             Government
             ,
             
             determined
             to
             join
             himself
             and
             all
             his
             Forces
             with
             the
             latter
             :
             he
             therefore
             sent
             a
             Message
             to
             him
             to
             let
             him
             know
             ,
             
               that
               he
               submitted
               himself
               to
               him
               ,
               as
               Consul
               ,
               in
               whatsoever
               he
               should
               command
               him
               .
            
          
           
             70.
             
             When
             Cinna
             had
             very
             joyfully
             received
             him
             ,
             calling
             him
             Proconsul
             ,
             and
             sending
             him
             the
             Fasces
             and
             other
             
               Ensigns
               of
               Authority
            
             ,
             he
             said
             ,
             that
             Grandeur
             did
             not
             become
             his
             present
             Fortune
             ;
             but
             wearing
             an
             ordinary
             Habit
             ,
             and
             letting
             his
             hair
             grow
             from
             that
             very
             day
             he
             first
             went
             to
             banishment
             ,
             and
             being
             now
             above
             threescore
             and
             ten
             years
             old
             ,
             he
             came
             slowly
             on
             foot
             ,
             as
             designing
             to
             move
             Peoples
             compassion
             ;
             (
             thus
             his
             naturally
             rough
             Aspect
             became
             more
             so
             ,
             when
             joined
             with
             his
             nasty
             Garb
             )
             which
             yet
             did
             not
             make
             him
             appear
             as
             though
             his
             mind
             were
             dejected
             ,
             but
             exasperated
             ,
             by
             the
             change
             of
             his
             condition
             .
             Having
             performed
             his
             Ceremonies
             to
             Cinna
             ,
             and
             saluted
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             he
             immediately
             prepared
             for
             War
             ,
             and
             soon
             made
             a
             considerable
             alteration
             in
             the
             posture
             of
             Affairs
             .
             He
             first
             cut
             off
             all
             Provision
             from
             the
             Enemies
             Ships
             ,
             and
             plundering
             all
             the
             
             Traders
             ,
             possessed
             himself
             of
             their
             Stores
             ;
             then
             bringing
             his
             Navy
             to
             the
             Sea-port
             Towns
             ,
             took
             them
             ,
             and
             at
             last
             treacherously
             became
             Master
             of
             Ostia
             too
             ;
             pillaged
             the
             Town
             ,
             and
             slew
             a
             Multitude
             of
             the
             Inhabitants
             ,
             and
             making
             a
             Bridge
             over
             the
             River
             ,
             he
             took
             from
             the
             Enemy
             all
             hopes
             of
             Supply
             from
             the
             Sea
             ;
             then
             marched
             with
             his
             Army
             toward
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             posted
             himself
             upon
             the
             Hill
             called
             Janiculum
             .
          
           
             71.
             
             The
             
               Publick
               Interest
            
             did
             not
             receive
             
             so
             great
             damage
             from
             
             Octavius's
             unskilfulness
             in
             his
             management
             of
             Affairs
             ,
             as
             from
             his
             omitting
             what
             was
             necessary
             ,
             through
             his
             too
             strict
             observance
             of
             the
             Law
             :
             for
             he
             ,
             when
             several
             advised
             him
             to
             make
             the
             Slaves
             free
             ,
             said
             ,
             
               That
               he
               would
               not
               commit
               the
               protection
               of
               his
               Country
               to
               Servants
               from
               which
               he
               then
               ,
               in
               defence
               of
               the
               Laws
               ,
               was
               driving
               away
            
             Marius
             .
             When
             Metellus
             (
             Son
             to
             that
             Metellus
             ,
             who
             was
             general
             in
             the
             War
             in
             Africk
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             banished
             through
             
             Marius's
             means
             )
             came
             to
             Rome
             ,
             and
             was
             esteemed
             to
             be
             a
             much
             better
             Commander
             than
             Octavius
             ;
             the
             Soldiers
             deserting
             the
             Consul
             ,
             came
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             desired
             him
             to
             take
             the
             Command
             of
             them
             and
             preserve
             the
             City
             ;
             that
             they
             ,
             when
             they
             had
             got
             an
             experienced
             valiant
             Commander
             ,
             should
             fight
             courageously
             and
             come
             
             off
             Conquerors
             .
             But
             Metellus
             offended
             at
             it
             ,
             commanded
             them
             angrily
             to
             return
             to
             the
             Consul
             ;
             whereupon
             for
             very
             spight
             they
             revolted
             to
             the
             Enemy
             .
             Metellus
             too
             seeing
             the
             City
             in
             a
             desperate
             condition
             ,
             left
             it
             ;
             but
             a
             Company
             of
             
               Chaldeans
               ,
               Priests
               and
               Interpreters
               of
               the
            
             Sibyls
             Books
             ,
             perswaded
             Octavius
             ,
             that
             things
             were
             in
             a
             good
             condition
             ,
             and
             kept
             him
             at
             Rome
             .
             Now
             he
             was
             a
             man
             of
             all
             the
             Romans
             the
             most
             upright
             and
             just
             ;
             one
             that
             kept
             up
             even
             the
             Formalities
             of
             the
             Law
             inviolable
             in
             his
             Consulship
             ;
             but
             fell
             I
             know
             not
             how
             into
             some
             weaknesses
             ,
             giving
             more
             observance
             to
             Impostors
             and
             Diviners
             ,
             than
             to
             men
             ▪
             skilled
             in
             Civil
             and
             Military
             Affairs
             .
             He
             therefore
             ,
             before
             Marius
             entred
             the
             City
             ,
             was
             pulled
             down
             from
             the
             Rostra
             ,
             and
             murthered
             by
             those
             that
             were
             sent
             before
             by
             Marius
             ;
             and
             it
             is
             reported
             there
             was
             a
             Chaldean
             Inscription
             found
             on
             his
             breast
             when
             he
             was
             slain
             .
             Now
             it
             is
             a
             thing
             very
             unaccountable
             ,
             that
             of
             two
             such
             Famous
             Generals
             ,
             Marius
             
               should
               be
               often
               preserved
               by
               the
               observing
               Divinations
               ,
               and
            
             Octavius
             
               ruined
               by
               the
               same
               means
            
             .
          
           
             72.
             
             Whilst
             Affairs
             remained
             in
             this
             posture
             ,
             
             the
             Senate
             assembled
             ,
             and
             sent
             Ambassadors
             to
             Cinna
             and
             Marius
             ,
             desiring
             them
             to
             come
             into
             the
             City
             peaceably
             and
             spair
             the
             Citizens
             .
             Cinna
             as
             Consul
             received
             the
             
             Embassy
             sitting
             in
             the
             
               Sella
               Curulis
            
             ,
             and
             returned
             a
             kind
             obliging
             answer
             to
             the
             Messengers
             :
             Marius
             stood
             by
             him
             and
             said
             nothing
             ,
             but
             gave
             sufficient
             testimony
             by
             the
             sowreness
             of
             his
             Countenance
             ,
             and
             the
             sternness
             of
             his
             Looks
             ,
             that
             he
             would
             in
             a
             short
             time
             fill
             the
             City
             with
             Massacres
             .
             As
             soon
             as
             the
             Council
             arose
             ,
             they
             went
             toward
             the
             City
             ,
             where
             Cinna
             with
             a
             strong
             Guard
             entred
             ;
             but
             Marius
             stay'd
             at
             the
             Gates
             ,
             and
             dissembling
             his
             Rage
             ,
             said
             ;
             
               That
               he
               was
               then
               an
               Exile
               and
               banished
               his
               Country
               by
               course
               of
               Law
               ;
               That
               if
               his
               Presence
               were
               necessary
               ,
               they
               must
               by
               a
               new
               Decree
               repeal
               the
               former
               Act
               by
               which
               he
               was
               banished
               ,
               as
               if
               he
               had
               been
               a
               religious
               observer
               of
               the
               Laws
               ,
               and
               as
               if
               he
               entred
               into
               a
               City
               free
               from
               fear
               or
               oppression
               .
            
             Hereupon
             the
             People
             were
             assembled
             ,
             but
             before
             three
             or
             four
             Tribes
             had
             given
             their
             Votes
             ,
             he
             throwing
             off
             his
             Mask
             and
             Pretences
             of
             
             the
             Justice
             of
             his
             Banishment
             ,
             came
             into
             the
             City
             with
             a
             select
             Guard
             of
             Slaves
             ,
             which
             came
             in
             to
             him
             ,
             whom
             he
             called
             Bardiaei
             .
             Those
             Fellows
             by
             his
             Orders
             murthered
             a
             great
             company
             at
             his
             express
             Command
             ,
             and
             as
             many
             at
             his
             private
             beck
             .
             At
             length
             Aucharius
             a
             Senator
             ,
             and
             one
             that
             had
             been
             Pretor
             ,
             coming
             to
             Marius
             ,
             but
             not
             being
             resaluted
             by
             him
             ,
             they
             with
             their
             drawn
             Swords
             slew
             him
             
             before
             
             Marius's
             Face
             ;
             and
             henceforth
             this
             was
             their
             token
             immediately
             to
             kill
             all
             those
             who
             met
             Marius
             ,
             and
             saluted
             him
             ,
             were
             taken
             no
             notice
             of
             ;
             or
             not
             answered
             with
             the
             like
             Courtesie
             :
             so
             that
             his
             very
             Friends
             were
             not
             without
             dreadful
             apprehensions
             and
             horrour
             ,
             whensoever
             they
             came
             to
             attend
             him
             .
          
           
             73.
             
             When
             they
             had
             now
             butchered
             a
             great
             number
             ▪
             Cinna
             grew
             more
             remiss
             and
             cloy'd
             with
             Murders
             ;
             but
             
             Marius's
             rage
             was
             still
             fresh
             and
             unsatisfied
             ,
             and
             he
             daily
             fought
             for
             all
             that
             were
             any
             way
             suspected
             by
             him
             .
             Now
             was
             every
             street
             ,
             and
             every
             corner
             of
             the
             City
             filled
             with
             those
             that
             pursued
             and
             haunted
             them
             that
             fled
             and
             hid
             themselves
             ;
             and
             it
             was
             remarkable
             that
             there
             was
             no
             more
             confidence
             to
             be
             placed
             ,
             as
             things
             stood
             ,
             either
             in
             Hospitality
             or
             Friendship
             ;
             for
             there
             were
             found
             but
             a
             very
             few
             that
             did
             not
             betray
             those
             that
             fled
             to
             them
             for
             shelter
             .
             Wherefore
             the
             Servants
             
             of
             Cornutus
             deserve
             the
             greater
             praise
             and
             admiration
             ;
             who
             having
             concealed
             their
             Master
             in
             the
             House
             ,
             took
             a
             body
             of
             one
             of
             the
             slain
             ,
             cut
             off
             the
             head
             ,
             put
             a
             Gold
             ring
             on
             the
             Finger
             ,
             and
             shewed
             it
             to
             
             Marius's
             Guards
             ,
             and
             buried
             it
             with
             the
             same
             Solemnity
             as
             if
             it
             had
             been
             their
             own
             Master
             .
             This
             trick
             was
             perceived
             by
             no
             body
             ,
             but
             so
             Cornutus
             escaped
             and
             was
             
             conveyed
             by
             his
             Domesticks
             into
             Gallia
             .
          
           
             74.
             
             
               Marcus
               Antonius
            
             the
             Orator
             ,
             though
             
             he
             too
             found
             a
             true
             Friend
             ,
             had
             ill
             Fortune
             .
             The
             man
             was
             but
             poor
             and
             a
             Plebeian
             ,
             who
             entertaining
             a
             man
             of
             the
             greatest
             rank
             in
             Rome
             ,
             and
             kindly
             furnishing
             him
             with
             what
             he
             had
             ,
             sent
             his
             Servant
             to
             get
             some
             Wine
             of
             a
             neighbouring
             Vintner
             ;
             the
             Servant
             carefully
             tasting
             it
             ,
             and
             bidding
             him
             draw
             better
             ,
             the
             Fellow
             asked
             him
             what
             was
             the
             matter
             ,
             that
             he
             did
             not
             buy
             new
             and
             ordinary
             Wine
             as
             he
             used
             to
             do
             ,
             but
             richer
             and
             of
             a
             greater
             price
             ;
             he
             without
             any
             design
             told
             him
             as
             his
             Croney
             and
             Acquaintance
             ,
             that
             his
             Master
             entertained
             
               Marcus
               Antonius
            
             whom
             he
             concealed
             .
             The
             villainous
             Vintner
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             the
             Servant
             was
             gone
             ,
             went
             himself
             to
             Marius
             then
             at
             Supper
             ,
             and
             being
             brought
             into
             his
             Presence
             ,
             told
             him
             ,
             he
             would
             deliver
             Antonius
             into
             his
             hands
             ;
             as
             soon
             as
             he
             heard
             it
             ,
             it
             is
             said
             he
             gave
             a
             great
             shout
             ,
             and
             clapped
             his
             hands
             for
             joy
             ,
             and
             had
             very
             nigh
             rose
             up
             and
             gone
             to
             the
             place
             himself
             ;
             but
             being
             detained
             by
             his
             Friends
             ,
             he
             sent
             Annius
             and
             some
             Soldiers
             with
             him
             ,
             and
             commanded
             him
             to
             bring
             
             Antonius's
             head
             to
             him
             with
             all
             speed
             .
             Now
             when
             they
             came
             to
             the
             House
             ,
             Annius
             stay'd
             at
             the
             door
             ,
             and
             the
             Soldiers
             went
             up
             stairs
             into
             the
             Chamber
             ;
             where
             ,
             seeing
             Antonius
             ,
             they
             
             endeavoured
             to
             shuffle
             off
             the
             Murther
             from
             one
             to
             another
             ;
             for
             so
             great
             it
             seems
             were
             the
             Graces
             and
             Charms
             of
             his
             Oratory
             ,
             that
             as
             soon
             as
             he
             began
             to
             speak
             and
             beg
             his
             Life
             ,
             none
             of
             them
             durst
             touch
             or
             so
             much
             as
             look
             upon
             him
             ;
             but
             hanging
             down
             their
             heads
             ,
             every
             one
             fell
             a
             weeping
             .
             When
             their
             stay
             seemed
             something
             tedious
             ,
             Annius
             followed
             after
             ,
             saw
             Antonius
             discoursing
             ,
             and
             the
             Soldiers
             astonished
             and
             quite
             softned
             by
             it
             ,
             for
             which
             he
             checked
             them
             severely
             ,
             and
             went
             himself
             and
             cut
             off
             his
             head
             .
          
           
             75.
             
             
               Catulus
               Lutatius
            
             who
             was
             Collegue
             
             with
             Marius
             and
             his
             Partner
             in
             the
             Triumph
             over
             the
             Cimbri
             ,
             when
             Marius
             had
             told
             those
             that
             interceded
             for
             him
             and
             begged
             his
             life
             ,
             that
             he
             must
             die
             ,
             shut
             himself
             up
             in
             a
             room
             ,
             and
             making
             a
             great
             fire
             smothered
             himself
             .
             When
             maimed
             and
             headless
             Carcasses
             were
             now
             frequently
             thrown
             ▪
             about
             and
             trampled
             upon
             in
             the
             streets
             ,
             People
             were
             not
             so
             much
             moved
             with
             compassion
             at
             the
             sight
             ,
             as
             struck
             into
             a
             kind
             of
             Horrour
             and
             consternation
             .
             
             The
             outrages
             of
             those
             that
             were
             called
             Bardiaei
             was
             the
             greatest
             grievance
             imaginable
             ;
             for
             they
             murthered
             those
             that
             had
             been
             their
             Masters
             in
             their
             own
             Houses
             ,
             abused
             their
             Children
             ,
             and
             ravished
             their
             Wives
             ,
             and
             were
             uncontrolable
             in
             their
             Rapine
             
             and
             Murthers
             ,
             till
             those
             of
             
             Cinna's
             and
             
             Sertorius's
             Party
             taking
             Counsel
             together
             ,
             fell
             upon
             them
             in
             the
             Camp
             ,
             and
             killed
             them
             every
             man.
             
          
           
             76.
             
             In
             the
             interim
             ,
             as
             by
             a
             certain
             turn
             of
             Fortune
             ,
             there
             came
             News
             from
             all
             Parts
             ,
             that
             Sylla
             having
             put
             an
             end
             to
             the
             War
             with
             Mithridates
             ,
             and
             taken
             possession
             of
             the
             Provinces
             ,
             was
             returning
             into
             Italy
             with
             a
             great
             Army
             .
             This
             gave
             some
             small
             respit
             and
             intermission
             to
             these
             unspeakable
             Calamities
             ,
             when
             they
             thought
             that
             a
             War
             threatned
             them
             ;
             whereupon
             Marius
             
             was
             chosen
             Consul
             the
             Seventh
             time
             ,
             and
             appearing
             on
             the
             very
             Calends
             of
             January
             ,
             the
             beginning
             of
             the
             Year
             ,
             he
             threw
             one
             
               Sextus
               Lucinus
            
             from
             the
             Tarpejan
             Precipice
             ,
             which
             was
             no
             small
             Omen
             of
             approaching
             miseries
             both
             to
             their
             Party
             and
             the
             City
             .
             Marius
             himself
             now
             worn
             out
             with
             Labour
             and
             sinking
             under
             the
             burthen
             of
             his
             Cares
             ,
             could
             not
             bear
             up
             his
             Spirits
             flagging
             with
             the
             apprehension
             of
             a
             New
             War
             ,
             and
             fresh
             Encounters
             and
             Dangers
             ,
             which
             he
             had
             by
             his
             own
             experience
             found
             formerly
             very
             troublesome
             ▪
             He
             considered
             too
             that
             he
             was
             not
             now
             to
             hazard
             the
             War
             with
             Octavius
             or
             Merula
             ,
             commanding
             the
             unexperienced
             Multitude
             or
             seditious
             Rabble
             ;
             but
             that
             Sylla
             himself
             was
             approaching
             ,
             the
             same
             who
             had
             formerly
             banished
             him
             ,
             and
             since
             that
             
             driven
             Mithridates
             as
             far
             as
             the
             Euxine
             Sea.
             
          
           
             77.
             
             Perplexed
             with
             such
             thoughts
             as
             
             these
             ,
             and
             calling
             to
             mind
             his
             Banishment
             ,
             the
             tedious
             wanderings
             and
             dangers
             he
             underwent
             both
             by
             Sea
             and
             Land
             ,
             he
             fell
             into
             great
             Troubles
             ,
             nocturnal
             Frights
             and
             unquiet
             Sleep
             ,
             still
             fancying
             that
             he
             heard
             some
             telling
             him
             ,
             
               That
               the
               Den
               ,
               though
               of
               an
               absent
               Lion
               ;
               is
               dreadful
            
             ;
             above
             all
             things
             fearing
             to
             lie
             awake
             ,
             he
             gave
             himself
             over
             to
             drinking
             and
             sotting
             at
             Nights
             very
             unagreeable
             to
             his
             Age
             ;
             by
             all
             means
             provoking
             Sleep
             ,
             as
             a
             diversion
             to
             his
             Thoughts
             .
             At
             length
             there
             came
             an
             express
             Messenger
             from
             the
             Sea
             ,
             giving
             him
             such
             an
             account
             of
             Affairs
             as
             overcharged
             him
             with
             fresh
             Cares
             and
             Frights
             ;
             so
             that
             what
             with
             his
             fear
             for
             the
             future
             ,
             and
             what
             with
             the
             weight
             and
             tediousness
             of
             the
             present
             ,
             having
             some
             small
             disposition
             to
             it
             ,
             he
             fell
             into
             a
             Plurisie
             ,
             as
             Possidonius
             the
             Philosopher
             relates
             ,
             who
             says
             he
             went
             to
             ,
             and
             discoursed
             with
             him
             when
             he
             was
             sick
             ,
             about
             some
             business
             relating
             to
             his
             Embassy
             .
             One
             
               Cajus
               Piso
            
             an
             Historian
             tells
             us
             ,
             that
             Marius
             walking
             after
             Supper
             with
             his
             Friends
             ,
             when
             they
             fell
             into
             a
             discourse
             about
             his
             concerns
             ,
             and
             reckoned
             up
             the
             several
             changes
             of
             his
             Condition
             ,
             that
             from
             the
             beginning
             had
             happ'ned
             to
             him
             ,
             he
             said
             ,
             
             that
             it
             did
             not
             become
             a
             prudent
             man
             to
             trust
             himself
             any
             longer
             with
             Fortune
             ;
             and
             thereupon
             taking
             leave
             of
             those
             that
             were
             with
             him
             ,
             he
             kept
             his
             bed
             seven
             days
             ,
             and
             then
             died
             .
          
           
             78.
             
             Some
             say
             he
             very
             much
             betrayed
             his
             Ambition
             even
             in
             his
             Sickness
             ,
             and
             fell
             into
             an
             extravagant
             frenzy
             ,
             fancying
             himself
             to
             be
             General
             in
             the
             War
             against
             Mithridates
             ,
             acting
             such
             postures
             and
             motions
             of
             his
             body
             ,
             as
             he
             used
             when
             he
             was
             in
             the
             Battel
             ;
             with
             frequent
             Shouts
             and
             loud
             Acclamations
             ,
             with
             so
             strong
             and
             invincible
             a
             desire
             of
             being
             employed
             in
             that
             business
             as
             he
             possessed
             through
             his
             Pride
             and
             Emulation
             .
             He
             ,
             though
             he
             had
             now
             lived
             threescore
             and
             ten
             Years
             ,
             and
             was
             the
             first
             man
             that
             ever
             was
             chosen
             seven
             times
             Consul
             ,
             possessed
             of
             such
             a
             Palace
             ,
             and
             so
             great
             Riches
             as
             were
             sufficient
             for
             many
             Kings
             ,
             yet
             complained
             of
             his
             ill
             Fortune
             ;
             that
             he
             must
             now
             die
             before
             he
             had
             attained
             what
             he
             desired
             .
             Plato
             
               when
               he
               saw
               his
               death
            
             
             
               approaching
               ,
               thanked
               his
               God
               and
               Fortune
               ;
               First
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               born
               a
               man
               and
               a
            
             Grecian
             ,
             
               not
               a
            
             Barbarian
             
               or
               a
            
             Brute
             ,
             
               and
               next
               ,
               that
               he
               happ'ned
               to
               live
               in
            
             Socrates's
             Age.
             And
             so
             indeed
             they
             say
             Antipater
             of
             Tarsus
             ,
             in
             
             like
             manner
             at
             his
             death
             recollecting
             what
             prosperity
             he
             had
             enjoyed
             ,
             did
             not
             so
             much
             as
             omit
             his
             happy
             Voyage
             to
             Athens
             ;
             thus
             
             returning
             to
             every
             favour
             of
             his
             indulgent
             Fortune
             with
             the
             greatest
             acknowledgments
             ,
             and
             retaining
             it
             to
             the
             very
             last
             in
             his
             memory
             ,
             than
             which
             
               Man
               hath
               not
               a
               more
               secure
               Treasure
               .
            
             But
             on
             the
             contrary
             ,
             Persons
             foolish
             and
             ungrateful
             to
             God
             and
             Nature
             ,
             lose
             the
             enjoyment
             of
             their
             present
             prosperity
             by
             fansying
             something
             better
             to
             come
             ;
             whereas
             by
             Fortune
             we
             may
             be
             prevented
             of
             this
             ,
             but
             that
             can
             never
             be
             taken
             from
             us
             .
             Yet
             they
             reject
             their
             present
             success
             ,
             as
             though
             it
             did
             not
             concern
             them
             ,
             and
             do
             nothing
             but
             dream
             of
             future
             uncertainties
             ;
             and
             in
             this
             they
             have
             but
             what
             they
             deserve
             ,
             for
             till
             they
             have
             by
             Learning
             and
             Education
             laid
             a
             good
             Foundation
             for
             external
             Superstructures
             ;
             in
             the
             seeking
             after
             and
             gathering
             them
             ,
             they
             can
             never
             satisfie
             the
             unlimited
             desires
             of
             their
             mind
             .
          
           
             80.
             
             Thus
             died
             Marius
             on
             the
             Seventeenth
             Day
             of
             his
             Seventh
             Consulship
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             Joy
             and
             content
             of
             Rome
             ;
             which
             thereby
             was
             in
             good
             hopes
             to
             be
             delivered
             from
             the
             Calamity
             of
             an
             Insolent
             ,
             bloody
             and
             fatal
             Tyranny
             ;
             but
             in
             a
             small
             time
             they
             found
             ,
             that
             they
             had
             only
             changed
             their
             old
             Master
             for
             another
             young
             and
             vigorous
             ;
             so
             much
             cruelty
             and
             salvageness
             did
             his
             Son
             Marius
             shew
             in
             murthering
             the
             
             Nobility
             :
             At
             the
             first
             being
             esteemed
             resolute
             
             and
             daring
             towards
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             he
             was
             named
             the
             Son
             of
             Mars
             ,
             but
             afterwards
             his
             actions
             betraying
             his
             contrary
             disposition
             ,
             he
             was
             called
             the
             Son
             of
             Venus
             .
             At
             last
             he
             was
             besieged
             by
             Sylla
             in
             Praeneste
             ,
             where
             he
             endeavoured
             by
             all
             means
             to
             save
             his
             life
             ,
             but
             in
             vain
             ;
             for
             when
             the
             City
             was
             taken
             ,
             there
             being
             no
             way
             of
             escape
             ,
             he
             slew
             himself
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           
           
             THE
             LIFE
             OF
             LYSANDER
             .
          
           
             By
             the
             Honourable
             
               Charles
               BOYLE
            
             of
             Christ-Church
             .
          
           
             VOLUME
             III.
             
          
           
             
               LYSANDER
               .
            
          
           
             'T
             is
             generally
             agreed
             that
             
               Aristoclitus
               Lysander's
            
             Father
             ,
             though
             he
             was
             not
             immediately
             ●●●●…ded
             from
             royal
             ancestors
             ,
             was
             howev●●
             ▪
             some
             way
             ,
             related
             to
             the
             Family
             of
             the
             
               Heraclidae
               .
               Lysander
            
             himself
             was
             bred
             up
             under
             much
             hardship
             ,
             and
             behav'd
             himself
             all
             along
             wit●●●
             due
             respect
             to
             the
             disciplin●
             ▪
             and
             manners
             of
             his
             Country
             .
             He
             was
             〈◊〉
             and
             above
             all
             sort
             of
             pleasure
             ,
             that
             alone
             〈…〉
             arose
             from
             a
             sense
             of
             honour
             ,
             〈…〉
             that
             attends
             just
             and
             generous
             Actions
             ;
             and
             to
             indulge
             this
             pleasure
             was
             very
             excusable
             at
             Sparta
             ,
             where
             their
             yough
             was
             fire'd
             with
             
             an
             early
             desire
             of
             Glory
             ,
             taught
             to
             be
             dejected
             under
             disgrace
             ,
             and
             rais'd
             by
             commendation
             .
             And
             he
             that
             was
             insensible
             of
             these
             ,
             was
             look'd
             upon
             as
             one
             of
             a
             mean
             spirit
             ,
             and
             uncapable
             of
             aspiring
             to
             any
             thing
             that
             's
             great
             or
             manly
             .
             That
             emulation
             then
             and
             thirst
             after
             fame
             which
             appear'd
             in
             the
             whole
             course
             of
             Lysander's
             Life
             we
             have
             no
             reason
             to
             blame
             him
             for
             ;
             it
             came
             from
             his
             Country
             ,
             and
             education
             ;
             but
             another
             fault
             he
             had
             which
             was
             purely
             his
             own
             ;
             He
             paid
             too
             servile
             a
             deference
             and
             more
             than
             became
             a
             Spartan
             ,
             to
             great
             men
             ;
             and
             where
             his
             interest
             was
             concern'd
             ,
             bore
             the
             frowns
             of
             men
             in
             Authority
             something
             too
             patiently
             .
             Which
             however
             by
             some
             is
             reckon'd
             no
             small
             part
             of
             Policy
             .
          
           
             Aristotle
             ,
             where
             he
             observes
             that
             great
             wits
             are
             generally
             enclin'd
             to
             Melancholy
             (
             instancing
             in
             
               Socrates
               ,
               Plato
            
             and
             Hercules
             )
             says
             too
             ,
             that
             Lysander
             ,
             though
             not
             in
             his
             Youth
             ,
             was
             in
             his
             declining
             Age
             subject
             to
             it
             .
             But
             that
             which
             peculiarly
             distinguish'd
             his
             Character
             ,
             was
             the
             way
             he
             had
             of
             making
             poverty
             sit
             well
             upon
             him
             ,
             and
             of
             keeping
             his
             mind
             steady
             and
             untainted
             under
             the
             greatest
             affluence
             .
             For
             he
             reserv'd
             nothing
             for
             himself
             out
             of
             all
             those
             spoils
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             that
             he
             brought
             from
             the
             Attick
             War
             ,
             but
             liberally
             dispers'd
             'em
             among
             his
             Country-men
             ,
             who
             upon
             this
             increase
             of
             riches
             began
             to
             value
             
             'em
             as
             much
             as
             they
             despis'd
             'em
             before
             .
             Another
             instance
             of
             his
             generous
             disposition
             was
             this
             ,
             when
             Dionysius
             the
             Tyrant
             wou'd
             have
             presented
             his
             Daughters
             with
             some
             Garments
             of
             a
             rich
             Embroidery
             ,
             he
             refus'd
             'em
             ,
             with
             that
             handsome
             excuse
             ,
             That
             they
             were
             fit
             only
             to
             make
             unhappy
             faces
             more
             remarkable
             :
             But
             this
             temper
             wore
             off
             by
             degrees
             ;
             for
             being
             sent
             Embassadour
             some
             time
             after
             to
             the
             same
             Tyrant
             who
             offer'd
             him
             the
             choice
             of
             two
             Vests
             ,
             I
             like
             this
             best
             says
             he
             ,
             and
             modestly
             took
             both
             .
          
           
             After
             a
             long
             continuance
             of
             the
             Peloponnesian
             War
             ,
             when
             the
             Athenians
             had
             receiv'd
             a
             great
             blow
             in
             Sicily
             ,
             and
             were
             under
             fearful
             apprehensions
             of
             a
             total
             overthrow
             both
             by
             Sea
             and
             Land
             ,
             Alcibiades
             being
             recall'd
             from
             banishment
             ▪
             manag'd
             the
             War
             with
             such
             success
             that
             he
             quickly
             chang'd
             the
             whole
             scene
             of
             Affairs
             ,
             and
             after
             some
             engagements
             ,
             made
             the
             Athenians
             equal
             in
             naval
             power
             to
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ,
             who
             now
             began
             to
             be
             sensible
             of
             their
             dangerous
             condition
             ,
             and
             were
             resolv'd
             to
             exert
             themselves
             more
             vigorously
             .
             They
             knew
             this
             design
             requir'd
             greater
             preparations
             and
             a
             bold
             Commander
             .
             After
             the
             strictest
             enquiry
             they
             found
             none
             of
             more
             ability
             for
             this
             service
             than
             Lysander
             .
          
           
           
             In
             discharge
             of
             this
             new
             Office
             he
             went
             to
             Ephesus
             ,
             and
             found
             that
             City
             particularly
             well
             inclin'd
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             withal
             wholly
             in
             the
             interest
             of
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ,
             though
             at
             that
             time
             in
             very
             mean
             circumstances
             ,
             and
             almost
             over-run
             with
             the
             barbarous
             Persian
             customs
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             their
             frequent
             commerce
             with
             'em
             ,
             being
             situated
             opportunely
             enough
             to
             invite
             the
             great
             Officers
             of
             that
             kingdom
             often
             to
             reside
             there
             .
             This
             kind
             reception
             he
             met
             with
             from
             the
             Ephesians
             engag'd
             him
             to
             pitch
             his
             Tents
             among
             '
             em
             .
             He
             commanded
             all
             Victuallers
             to
             be
             brought
             into
             their
             harbour
             ,
             and
             built
             a
             dock
             for
             his
             capital
             Ships
             ,
             and
             by
             this
             means
             their
             ports
             were
             frequented
             by
             Merchants
             ,
             their
             exchange
             was
             full
             of
             business
             ,
             and
             their
             Shops
             had
             a
             plentiful
             Trade
             ;
             so
             that
             this
             City
             is
             so
             far
             oblig'd
             to
             Lysander
             that
             it
             ought
             to
             date
             from
             that
             time
             the
             hope
             and
             rise
             of
             the
             greatness
             and
             splendor
             with
             which
             it
             now
             flourishes
             .
             But
             hearing
             that
             Cyrus
             was
             now
             at
             Sardis
             ,
             he
             went
             thither
             chiefly
             to
             acquaint
             him
             with
             the
             treachery
             of
             Tissaphernes
             ,
             who
             though
             he
             had
             a
             commission
             to
             assist
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             against
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             upon
             some
             sollicitation
             from
             Alcibiades
             (
             as
             't
             was
             suspected
             )
             acted
             remissly
             ,
             and
             by
             neglecting
             to
             pay
             his
             Soldiers
             ,
             had
             occasion'd
             the
             ruine
             of
             his
             Fleet.
             Cyrus
             
             was
             easily
             perswaded
             to
             believe
             the
             truth
             of
             this
             accusation
             ,
             for
             he
             had
             before
             heard
             an
             ill
             character
             of
             Tissaphernes
             ,
             and
             was
             himself
             particularly
             disoblig'd
             by
             him
             .
             Lysander
             by
             these
             means
             ,
             and
             the
             opportunities
             he
             had
             of
             being
             familiar
             with
             the
             young
             Prince
             ,
             entirely
             gain'd
             his
             affections
             ,
             and
             by
             affable
             conversation
             ,
             and
             due
             respect
             ,
             engag'd
             him
             strongly
             on
             his
             side
             .
             Cyrus
             to
             shew
             how
             great
             a
             kindness
             he
             had
             for
             Lysander
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             splendidly
             entertain'd
             him
             ,
             desir'd
             him
             to
             deal
             freely
             ,
             and
             assured
             him
             whatsoever
             he
             ask'd
             should
             be
             granted
             .
             Lysander
             was
             so
             modest
             as
             only
             to
             ask
             a
             small
             addition
             to
             the
             Sea-men's
             pay
             .
             Cyrus
             was
             taken
             with
             his
             generous
             answer
             ,
             and
             made
             him
             a
             present
             of
             ten
             thousand
             pieces
             of
             Silver
             .
             Lysander
             manag'd
             this
             to
             the
             best
             advantage
             ,
             and
             out
             of
             his
             own
             stock
             liberally
             encreased
             the
             Sea-men's
             pay
             ;
             by
             this
             encouragement
             to
             his
             Soldiers
             ,
             in
             a
             short
             time
             he
             quite
             wasted
             the
             Enemies
             fleet
             ,
             for
             many
             of
             the
             common
             Soldiers
             were
             glad
             to
             go
             over
             to
             that
             party
             where
             the
             most
             money
             was
             stirring
             .
             And
             those
             few
             that
             staid
             behind
             behav'd
             themselves
             with
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             indifferency
             to
             their
             Officers
             ,
             and
             often
             mutini'd
             .
             Though
             he
             had
             thus
             drain'd
             and
             weaken'd
             his
             adversaries
             ,
             he
             durst
             not
             engage
             'em
             ,
             because
             Alcibiades
             who
             was
             their
             admiral
             ,
             had
             the
             advantage
             
             of
             him
             in
             the
             number
             of
             Ships
             ,
             and
             had
             been
             better
             experienc'd
             ,
             and
             hitherto
             more
             successful
             in
             whatever
             enterprize
             he
             undertook
             either
             by
             Sea
             or
             Land.
             
          
           
             Alcibiades
             having
             occasion
             to
             go
             from
             Samos
             to
             Phocea
             ,
             left
             Antiochus
             his
             Vice-Admiral
             ,
             who
             to
             upbraid
             and
             provoke
             Lysander
             ,
             sail'd
             to
             the
             very
             mouth
             of
             the
             Harbour
             at
             Ephesus
             ,
             and
             impudently
             pass'd
             by
             him
             with
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             noise
             and
             scorn
             .
             Lysander
             who
             was
             too
             high
             spirited
             ,
             not
             to
             resent
             this
             open
             affront
             ,
             with
             two
             or
             three
             Ships
             immediately
             pursu'd
             him
             ,
             but
             when
             he
             saw
             fresh
             supplies
             come
             to
             the
             relief
             of
             Antiochus
             ,
             he
             call'd
             up
             more
             to
             his
             assistance
             ,
             and
             in
             a
             little
             while
             the
             whole
             Fleet
             was
             engag'd
             .
             Lysander
             soon
             got
             the
             better
             ,
             took
             fifteen
             of
             their
             Ships
             ,
             and
             set
             up
             a
             Trophy
             .
             The
             people
             of
             Athens
             were
             highly
             displeas'd
             at
             Alcibiades
             ,
             and
             turn'd
             him
             out
             of
             their
             service
             ,
             who
             being
             now
             disrespected
             and
             slightly
             spoken
             of
             by
             the
             Soldiers
             in
             Samos
             ,
             left
             the
             Army
             and
             withdrew
             to
             Peloponnesus
             .
             This
             fight
             was
             no
             farther
             considerable
             than
             as
             
             Alcibiades's
             misfortune
             made
             it
             so
             .
          
           
             Lysander
             while
             he
             had
             a
             little
             respite
             ,
             sent
             a
             choice
             number
             of
             bold
             and
             prudent
             men
             to
             Ephesus
             ,
             with
             instructions
             ,
             to
             form
             themselves
             into
             Companies
             ,
             and
             apply
             themselves
             to
             Policy
             and
             business
             ,
             upon
             
             promise
             that
             assoon
             as
             the
             Athenians
             Government
             was
             broken
             ,
             their
             Democracy
             shou'd
             be
             dissolv'd
             ,
             and
             they
             made
             Governors
             in
             their
             respective
             Cities
             ;
             by
             this
             contrivance
             ,
             he
             secretly
             made
             way
             for
             the
             Decemviri
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             innovations
             which
             afterwards
             succeeded
             in
             that
             Common-wealth
             .
             For
             he
             kept
             his
             word
             with
             his
             Friends
             ,
             and
             still
             promoted
             those
             that
             acquitted
             themselves
             well
             in
             any
             Office
             ,
             to
             higher
             honours
             and
             preferments
             ,
             and
             to
             comply
             with
             their
             covetous
             humours
             ,
             was
             himself
             or
             Accomplice
             in
             all
             their
             injustice
             and
             oppression
             .
             So
             every
             body
             endeavour'd
             to
             ingratiate
             himself
             with
             Lysander
             ;
             to
             Him
             only
             people
             made
             their
             Court
             and
             application
             ,
             and
             promis'd
             themselves
             all
             that
             was
             Great
             or
             Honourable
             ,
             while
             the
             chief
             power
             of
             the
             Republick
             was
             lodg'd
             in
             him
             .
             Wherefore
             assoon
             as
             he
             left
             'em
             they
             were
             very
             uneasie
             under
             his
             Successor
             Callicratidas
             ,
             whose
             Actions
             indeed
             show'd
             him
             to
             be
             Great
             and
             Just
             ,
             yet
             the
             people
             were
             all
             along
             discontented
             with
             his
             Conduct
             ,
             which
             favour'd
             too
             much
             of
             Dorick
             plainness
             as
             they
             call'd
             it
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             true
             Honesty
             and
             Sincerity
             .
             'T
             is
             true
             ,
             they
             admir'd
             his
             virtue
             as
             men
             do
             the
             Beauty
             of
             some
             Hero's
             statue
             ,
             but
             their
             desires
             all
             this
             while
             were
             bent
             upon
             Lysander
             ,
             the
             loss
             of
             whose
             Favour
             and
             benevolence
             they
             were
             so
             sensible
             
             of
             ,
             that
             some
             of
             'em
             exprest
             their
             Concern
             with
             Tears
             .
             Nay
             ,
             he
             drew
             off
             their
             Affections
             yet
             more
             from
             Callicratidas
             ,
             for
             he
             sent
             back
             to
             Cyrus
             the
             residue
             of
             that
             money
             he
             had
             receiv'd
             from
             him
             for
             the
             Soldiers
             pay
             ,
             and
             scornfully
             said
             ,
             
               Let
               's
               see
               now
               how
               you
            
             ,
             Callicratidas
             ,
             
               can
               support
               the
               Charges
               of
               the
               Army
               .
               I
               have
               resign'd
               that
               Fleet
               to
               you
               which
               Commands
               the
               whole
               Ocean
               .
            
             This
             empty
             and
             affected
             vanity
             ,
             Callicratidas
             thus
             handsomely
             reprov'd
             .
             
               First
               pass
               the
            
             Athenian
             
               Navy
               at
            
             Samos
             ,
             
               after
               that
               resign
               me
               your
               Command
               ,
               and
               then
               I
               'll
               confess
               you
               have
               deliver'd
               up
               to
               me
               that
               Fleet
               which
               rides
               master
               of
               the
               Seas
               ,
               for
               till
               it
               dares
               face
               the
               Enemy
               there
               ,
               it
               can
               scarce
               ,
               I
               think
               ,
               claim
               that
               Title
               .
            
             No
             says
             Lysander
             ,
             I
             have
             done
             with
             it
             now
             ,
             't
             is
             wholly
             under
             your
             conduct
             ,
             so
             he
             sail'd
             off
             for
             Peloponnesus
             .
          
           
             Callicratidas
             was
             left
             in
             great
             perplexity
             ,
             for
             he
             had
             brought
             no
             money
             from
             home
             with
             him
             ,
             neither
             cou'd
             he
             raise
             any
             ,
             the
             People
             had
             been
             too
             much
             oppress'd
             to
             endure
             another
             Tax
             .
             The
             only
             refuge
             he
             had
             was
             to
             beg
             Supplies
             ,
             as
             Lysander
             had
             done
             ,
             from
             some
             foreign
             Prince
             .
             And
             he
             was
             the
             most
             unqualified
             of
             any
             man
             for
             this
             employ
             ,
             for
             he
             was
             of
             so
             Noble
             and
             generous
             a
             Spirit
             ,
             that
             he
             cou'd
             sooner
             brook
             Slavery
             under
             a
             Grecian
             Enemy
             ,
             than
             bring
             himself
             to
             flatter
             and
             caress
             a
             
             Barbarian
             ,
             who
             had
             nothing
             to
             value
             himself
             upon
             but
             his
             Gold.
             However
             necessity
             forc'd
             him
             to
             Lydia
             ,
             and
             when
             he
             came
             to
             Cyrus
             his
             Palace
             ,
             he
             bid
             one
             of
             the
             attendants
             tell
             him
             ,
             Callicratidas
             was
             come
             to
             wait
             upon
             him
             .
             The
             Servant
             reply'd
             ,
             
               The
               King
               is
               not
               at
               leisure
               now
               ,
               he
               's
               drinking
               .
            
             Well
             ,
             says
             Callicratidas
             ,
             (
             without
             any
             design
             of
             an
             Affront
             )
             
               I
               'll
               stay
               till
               he
               has
               done
               .
            
             The
             Lydians
             upon
             this
             answer
             took
             him
             for
             some
             ill
             bred
             Clown
             .
             So
             when
             he
             saw
             himself
             laugh'd
             at
             ,
             and
             slighted
             by
             the
             Barbarians
             he
             withdrew
             a
             while
             ,
             but
             upon
             his
             return
             not
             gaining
             admission
             ,
             he
             resented
             it
             so
             highly
             ,
             that
             he
             went
             immediately
             to
             Ephesus
             ,
             reflecting
             with
             indignation
             upon
             those
             mean
             wretches
             ,
             that
             first
             cring'd
             to
             Barbarians
             ,
             and
             encourag'd
             'em
             to
             be
             proud
             ,
             only
             because
             they
             were
             rich
             ;
             he
             farther
             protested
             to
             some
             of
             his
             Friends
             ,
             that
             assoon
             as
             he
             arriv'd
             at
             Sparta
             ,
             he
             wou'd
             make
             it
             his
             business
             to
             reconcile
             the
             differences
             among
             the
             Greeks
             ,
             and
             unite
             'em
             against
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             perswade
             'em
             so
             far
             ,
             as
             never
             to
             accept
             assistance
             from
             their
             hands
             against
             one
             another
             .
             These
             resolutions
             indeed
             were
             worthy
             of
             Callicratidas
             ,
             whose
             virtue
             and
             bravery
             were
             not
             inferiour
             to
             the
             greatest
             of
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ,
             but
             he
             was
             unhappily
             taken
             off
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             lost
             the
             victory
             at
             Arginusa
             ,
             
             before
             he
             cou'd
             put
             'em
             in
             execution
             .
          
           
             The
             prospect
             of
             affairs
             looking
             now
             very
             dismally
             ,
             the
             Confederates
             sent
             an
             Ambassy
             to
             Sparta
             to
             desire
             that
             Lysander
             might
             be
             chose
             Admiral
             ,
             expressing
             very
             earnestly
             the
             great
             confidence
             they
             had
             of
             success
             under
             his
             Conduct
             .
             Cyrus
             too
             dispatch'd
             Letters
             thither
             to
             the
             same
             effect
             .
             Now
             there
             was
             a
             Law
             among
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             that
             oblig'd
             'em
             never
             to
             conferr
             that
             command
             twice
             upon
             the
             same
             person
             ,
             yet
             they
             were
             desirous
             to
             gratifie
             their
             Allies
             ;
             so
             they
             gave
             one
             Acacus
             the
             Title
             ,
             but
             Him
             the
             power
             .
             This
             news
             was
             receiv'd
             with
             great
             satisfaction
             by
             the
             chief
             Magistrates
             of
             the
             Republique
             .
             For
             he
             had
             long
             since
             rais'd
             their
             expectations
             ,
             and
             given
             'em
             hopes
             ,
             that
             the
             Democracy
             shou'd
             soon
             be
             put
             down
             ,
             and
             the
             whole
             Government
             devolve
             upon
             them
             .
          
           
             Whoever
             takes
             an
             impartial
             view
             of
             these
             two
             Generals
             ,
             will
             find
             in
             Callicratidas
             an
             open
             and
             sincere
             carriage
             ,
             in
             Lysander
             craft
             and
             cunning
             ,
             for
             he
             ow'd
             most
             of
             his
             success
             in
             War
             to
             some
             under-hand
             trick
             ,
             and
             never
             scrupl'd
             to
             preferr
             Interest
             to
             Honesty
             ;
             he
             thought
             nature
             had
             fix'd
             no
             difference
             between
             truth
             and
             falshood
             ,
             and
             so
             made
             advantage
             the
             measure
             of
             both
             .
             When
             he
             was
             told
             ,
             't
             was
             below
             the
             character
             
             of
             one
             descended
             from
             Hercules
             ,
             to
             relie
             upon
             Stratagems
             in
             War
             ,
             he
             turn'd
             it
             off
             with
             a
             Jest
             ,
             and
             said
             ,
             
               When
               the
               Lions
               strength
               fails
               ,
               we
               must
               take
               in
               the
               Fox's
               subtilty
               .
            
             He
             gave
             a
             remarkable
             instance
             of
             his
             disposition
             this
             way
             at
             Miletus
             .
             For
             when
             his
             Friends
             whom
             he
             had
             promis'd
             to
             help
             in
             subverting
             the
             present
             Government
             ,
             had
             chang'd
             their
             Opinions
             ,
             and
             sided
             with
             the
             contrary
             party
             ,
             he
             pretended
             openly
             to
             be
             much
             pleas'd
             with
             their
             proceedings
             ,
             and
             to
             desire
             a
             reconciliation
             ,
             but
             secretly
             thus
             contriv'd
             their
             ruine
             .
             First
             he
             provok'd
             'em
             to
             set
             upon
             the
             multitude
             ,
             and
             assoon
             as
             they
             had
             rais'd
             a
             tumult
             he
             himself
             came
             up
             to
             the
             head
             of
             'em
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             ears
             of
             the
             common
             people
             gave
             'em
             a
             severe
             reprimand
             ,
             but
             privately
             fomented
             the
             disturbance
             ,
             and
             assur'd
             'em
             of
             his
             assistance
             .
             This
             treacherous
             management
             of
             his
             encourag'd
             the
             Rebels
             to
             stay
             in
             the
             City
             where
             they
             were
             all
             kill'd
             just
             as
             he
             had
             design'd
             .
             Androclides
             takes
             notice
             that
             this
             deceitful
             temper
             ran
             through
             the
             whole
             course
             of
             his
             Life
             ;
             for
             he
             says
             ,
             
               he
               cheated
               Children
               with
               foul
               play
               ,
               and
               men
               with
               perjury
               ,
               and
               all
               along
               follow'd
               the
               example
               of
            
             Polycrates
             .
             Though
             't
             is
             inexcusable
             in
             a
             General
             to
             imitate
             a
             Tyrant
             ,
             and
             very
             disagreable
             to
             the
             character
             of
             a
             Spartan
             to
             use
             his
             Gods
             more
             contemptibly
             than
             he
             
             does
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             for
             he
             that
             over-reaches
             his
             Adversary
             by
             a
             false
             Oath
             ,
             declares
             he
             fears
             Him
             ,
             and
             despises
             the
             Gods.
             
          
           
             Without
             any
             farther
             reflection
             upon
             Lysander's
             vices
             ,
             let
             us
             return
             to
             his
             Conduct
             .
             We
             left
             the
             Fleet
             under
             his
             Command
             ,
             yet
             he
             thought
             he
             had
             too
             few
             Ships
             ,
             to
             encounter
             the
             Enemy
             with
             ,
             and
             too
             many
             to
             lie
             still
             ,
             so
             he
             cruis'd
             about
             some
             neighbouring
             Islands
             ,
             and
             surpriz'd
             Aegina
             ,
             and
             Salamis
             ,
             from
             whence
             he
             steer'd
             his
             course
             to
             Attica
             ,
             where
             he
             waited
             upon
             Agis
             ,
             and
             with
             great
             Ostentation
             ,
             as
             if
             he
             had
             been
             Master
             of
             the
             Seas
             ,
             drew
             out
             his
             Fleet
             before
             him
             ,
             but
             hearing
             that
             the
             Athenians
             pursu'd
             him
             ,
             he
             made
             off
             ,
             not
             without
             some
             confusion
             ,
             towards
             Asia
             ,
             and
             finding
             the
             Hellespont
             open
             without
             any
             guard
             ,
             he
             attack'd
             Lampsacus
             by
             Sea
             ,
             whilst
             Thorax
             at
             the
             same
             time
             besieg'd
             it
             by
             Land
             ,
             and
             assoon
             as
             the
             Town
             was
             storm'd
             ,
             he
             gave
             his
             Soldiers
             the
             plunder
             of
             it
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             while
             the
             Athenian
             Fleet
             consisting
             of
             an
             hundred
             and
             eighty
             Sail
             ,
             were
             going
             for
             Elis
             ,
             but
             having
             intelligence
             that
             Lampsacus
             was
             taken
             ,
             they
             alter'd
             their
             measures
             and
             put
             in
             at
             Sestos
             ,
             whence
             after
             they
             had
             taken
             in
             Provisions
             ,
             they
             went
             to
             the
             River
             Egus
             ,
             where
             they
             were
             just
             opposite
             to
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             which
             was
             still
             cruising
             about
             Lampsacus
             .
             Amongst
             the
             Athenian
             
             Commanders
             Philocles
             was
             one
             ,
             the
             same
             that
             formerly
             stir'd
             up
             the
             common
             People
             to
             a
             Rebellion
             ,
             and
             mov'd
             once
             in
             Council
             to
             cut
             off
             the
             right
             Thumb
             of
             every
             Captive
             ,
             that
             they
             might
             be
             disabled
             from
             managing
             any
             Weapon
             ,
             and
             yet
             be
             serviceable
             to
             'em
             in
             handling
             the
             Oar.
             The
             two
             navies
             now
             were
             in
             sight
             of
             one
             another
             ,
             and
             every
             body
             expected
             an
             Engagement
             the
             next
             morning
             ;
             but
             Lysander
             had
             quite
             other
             designs
             ;
             he
             commanded
             all
             the
             Seamen
             on
             board
             ,
             as
             if
             they
             were
             to
             fight
             by
             break
             of
             day
             ,
             and
             gave
             'em
             a
             strict
             charge
             to
             be
             in
             readiness
             upon
             the
             first
             sign
             ;
             he
             gave
             the
             same
             orders
             to
             the
             Infantry
             who
             lay
             upon
             the
             shore
             :
             About
             Sun-rising
             the
             Athenian
             Fleet
             drew
             up
             in
             a
             line
             directly
             before
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ,
             and
             gave
             the
             challenge
             ,
             but
             Lysander
             wou'd
             not
             accept
             it
             ,
             however
             he
             heart'ned
             his
             men
             ,
             bid
             every
             one
             keep
             his
             post
             and
             be
             silent
             .
             So
             the
             Athenians
             at
             evening
             were
             forc'd
             to
             retire
             ,
             and
             the
             same
             game
             was
             play'd
             over
             for
             three
             or
             four
             days
             together
             .
          
           
             Upon
             this
             news
             Alcibiades
             came
             up
             to
             'em
             out
             of
             Peloponnesus
             ,
             and
             finding
             some
             fault
             with
             the
             situation
             of
             the
             Camp
             ,
             and
             the
             ill
             management
             of
             some
             things
             relating
             to
             the
             Fleet
             ,
             met
             with
             a
             scornful
             rebuke
             from
             Tydeus
             that
             sent
             him
             back
             again
             .
             When
             he
             was
             gone
             they
             offer'd
             Battle
             as
             
             they
             had
             done
             several
             times
             to
             no
             purpose
             ;
             Lysander
             ,
             when
             he
             saw
             'em
             returning
             with
             disdain
             and
             (
             as
             they
             thought
             )
             security
             to
             their
             Harbours
             ,
             dispatch'd
             some
             few
             light
             Vessels
             to
             observe
             their
             motion
             ,
             and
             bid
             the
             Captains
             ,
             row
             back
             assoon
             as
             ever
             they
             saw
             the
             Athenians
             Land
             ,
             and
             lift
             up
             the
             Golden
             Shield
             from
             the
             fore
             deck
             ,
             upon
             which
             sign
             he
             'd
             immediately
             make
             up
             to
             '
             em
             .
             Afterwards
             he
             gave
             ▪
             orders
             to
             the
             Officers
             in
             the
             Fleet
             diligently
             to
             look
             after
             the
             Soldiers
             and
             Mariners
             ,
             and
             take
             care
             they
             shou'd
             be
             all
             ready
             to
             run
             in
             briskly
             upon
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             at
             the
             first
             sight
             of
             the
             Shield
             .
             By
             that
             time
             he
             had
             given
             his
             instructions
             ,
             the
             sign
             immediately
             appear'd
             ,
             and
             the
             Trumpet
             from
             the
             Admiral
             sounded
             to
             Battel
             ,
             the
             Ships
             set
             sail
             ,
             and
             the
             Land
             men
             marched
             up
             along
             the
             shore
             to
             the
             promontory
             .
             The
             distance
             between
             the
             two
             continents
             was
             fifteen
             Furlongs
             ,
             but
             the
             Sea-men
             were
             so
             eager
             and
             industrious
             ,
             that
             they
             soon
             reach'd
             the
             opposite
             shore
             ;
             yet
             Conon
             the
             chief
             Captain
             of
             the
             Athenians
             had
             descry'd
             'em
             ,
             and
             made
             what
             haste
             he
             cou'd
             ,
             to
             get
             his
             Soldiers
             on
             board
             ;
             some
             he
             commanded
             ,
             some
             he
             perswaded
             ,
             and
             others
             he
             forc'd
             into
             the
             Ships
             ;
             but
             all
             his
             endeavours
             were
             in
             vain
             ,
             his
             men
             ,
             not
             in
             the
             least
             suspecting
             any
             surprize
             ,
             were
             dispers'd
             ;
             one
             party
             was
             walking
             
             in
             the
             Fields
             ,
             another
             slept
             in
             their
             Tents
             ,
             a
             third
             was
             gone
             to
             Market
             .
             So
             Conon
             when
             the
             noise
             and
             Cries
             of
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             drew
             very
             near
             him
             ,
             made
             his
             escape
             with
             eight
             Ships
             to
             Evagoras
             King
             of
             Cyprus
             .
             The
             Peloponnesians
             fell
             upon
             those
             that
             remain'd
             ,
             and
             either
             took
             or
             disabled
             'em
             all
             .
             Those
             Soldiers
             that
             came
             to
             the
             relief
             of
             the
             navy
             were
             slain
             in
             the
             attempt
             ,
             those
             that
             thought
             to
             make
             their
             escape
             by
             flight
             ,
             were
             pursu'd
             and
             taken
             .
             Lysander
             took
             three
             thousand
             Prisoners
             with
             their
             Commanders
             ,
             and
             seiz'd
             the
             whole
             Fleet
             ,
             except
             those
             few
             Ships
             that
             convey'd
             Conon
             to
             Evagoras
             .
             Thus
             after
             he
             had
             compleated
             this
             famous
             Victory
             by
             his
             own
             Counsel
             and
             Conduct
             ,
             and
             in
             so
             little
             a
             time
             ,
             with
             such
             unexpected
             success
             ,
             put
             an
             end
             to
             that
             War
             which
             had
             been
             so
             long
             depending
             ,
             and
             in
             which
             more
             Grecians
             lost
             their
             Lives
             ,
             than
             in
             all
             the
             former
             ones
             ,
             he
             return'd
             in
             Triumph
             to
             Lampsacus
             .
          
           
             This
             Action
             was
             so
             surprizing
             that
             't
             was
             thought
             a
             particular
             Providence
             was
             concern'd
             in
             it
             .
             Some
             say
             Castor
             and
             Pollux
             plac'd
             themselves
             on
             each
             side
             Lysander's
             Ship
             ,
             and
             attended
             this
             affair
             with
             extraordinary
             influence
             .
             Others
             fansi'd
             a
             stone
             ,
             that
             seem'd
             to
             fall
             from
             Heaven
             ,
             to
             be
             an
             Omen
             of
             this
             overthrow
             .
             'T
             was
             of
             
             a
             vast
             bigness
             ,
             and
             fell
             by
             the
             River
             Egus
             .
             The
             Peloponnesians
             esteem
             it
             very
             much
             ,
             and
             show
             it
             among
             their
             Curiosities
             to
             this
             day
             .
          
           
             Theophrastus
             tells
             us
             that
             Lysander
             ,
             when
             the
             three
             Thousand
             Athenians
             which
             he
             took
             prisoners
             were
             condemned
             by
             the
             Council
             ,
             call'd
             Philocles
             and
             asked
             him
             What
             punishment
             he
             thought
             that
             man
             deserv'd
             ,
             who
             advis'd
             the
             Citizens
             to
             proceed
             so
             severely
             against
             the
             
               Grecians
               ?
               Philocles
            
             not
             at
             all
             daunted
             in
             his
             Adversity
             ,
             reply'd
             ,
             
               You
               are
               no
               judge
               in
               this
               Case
               ,
               but
               do
               you
               use
               your
               Prisoners
               as
               I
               wou'd
               have
               us'd
               you
               ,
               if
               you
               had
               been
               mine
               .
            
             After
             this
             bold
             answer
             ,
             with
             all
             gayety
             and
             cheerfulness
             he
             led
             on
             his
             Country-men
             ,
             as
             if
             he
             had
             been
             going
             rather
             to
             a
             Triumph
             ,
             than
             his
             Execution
             .
          
           
             When
             this
             Tragedy
             was
             over
             ,
             Lysander
             visited
             all
             the
             neighbouring
             Cities
             ,
             and
             Commanded
             all
             the
             Athenians
             he
             found
             ,
             upon
             pain
             of
             death
             ,
             to
             repair
             to
             Athens
             .
             His
             design
             was
             this
             ,
             That
             the
             City
             being
             thus
             throng'd
             might
             soon
             be
             reduc'd
             to
             Famine
             ,
             and
             glad
             to
             surrender
             upon
             discretion
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             he
             open'd
             the
             Siege
             .
             Where-ever
             he
             came
             ,
             he
             chang'd
             the
             present
             Government
             of
             the
             place
             ,
             and
             put
             in
             a
             Lacedaemonian
             as
             Chief
             with
             ten
             other
             Assistants
             .
             Thus
             he
             dealt
             not
             only
             with
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             but
             his
             
             Allies
             ,
             and
             by
             this
             means
             had
             in
             a
             manner
             engross'd
             to
             himself
             the
             whole
             Empire
             of
             Greece
             .
             He
             did
             not
             employ
             the
             Nobility
             or
             the
             wealthy
             Citizens
             in
             any
             part
             of
             the
             Government
             ,
             but
             put
             it
             into
             the
             hands
             either
             of
             private
             Friends
             ,
             or
             strangers
             ,
             and
             entrusted
             'em
             with
             full
             power
             of
             Life
             and
             Death
             .
             Many
             were
             executed
             whilst
             he
             was
             present
             ,
             and
             whoever
             exprest
             any
             dislike
             of
             his
             Friends
             proceedings
             were
             sure
             to
             meet
             with
             very
             hard
             usage
             .
             This
             management
             gave
             the
             Greeks
             an
             ill
             Opinion
             of
             the
             Lacedaemonian
             Government
             .
             From
             hence
             Theopompus
             took
             occasion
             by
             way
             of
             drollery
             to
             compare
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             with
             Vint'ners
             ,
             who
             whilst
             they
             pretend
             to
             entertain
             us
             with
             sweet
             Wine
             give
             it
             a
             dash
             of
             Vinegar
             ;
             for
             though
             Lysander
             openly
             profess'd
             he
             allow'd
             'em
             all
             their
             Freedom
             and
             privileges
             ,
             yet
             he
             oppress'd
             'em
             so
             much
             by
             his
             Ambitious
             and
             Tyrannical
             Officers
             that
             no
             Slavery
             cou'd
             be
             more
             uneasie
             to
             'em
             than
             what
             he
             call'd
             Liberty
             .
          
           
             Having
             settled
             Affairs
             here
             according
             to
             his
             mind
             ,
             and
             dispatch'd
             Messengers
             to
             tell
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ,
             that
             he
             shou'd
             return
             to
             them
             with
             two
             hundred
             Sail
             in
             a
             very
             short
             time
             ,
             he
             appear'd
             before
             Attica
             ,
             with
             such
             assurance
             ,
             as
             if
             he
             thought
             of
             nothing
             less
             than
             the
             immediate
             surrender
             of
             the
             City
             .
             But
             when
             he
             found
             the
             Athenians
             made
             a
             
             vigorous
             defence
             beyond
             his
             expectation
             ,
             he
             retreated
             into
             Asia
             ,
             and
             made
             the
             same
             alteration
             in
             other
             Cities
             as
             he
             had
             done
             in
             those
             we
             mentioned
             before
             ▪
             putting
             some
             to
             death
             who
             did
             not
             submit
             to
             his
             Tyranny
             ,
             and
             forcing
             others
             to
             quit
             their
             Country
             .
             He
             utterly
             routed
             the
             Samians
             ,
             and
             gave
             Fugitives
             the
             possession
             of
             their
             Cities
             .
             He
             us'd
             the
             same
             Barbarity
             to
             the
             Inhabitants
             of
             Sestos
             ,
             which
             was
             then
             in
             the
             hands
             of
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             and
             divided
             it
             among
             his
             Sea-men
             .
             The
             Lacedaemonians
             themselves
             were
             displeas'd
             at
             these
             inhumane
             proceedings
             ,
             though
             against
             their
             Enemies
             ,
             and
             re-establish'd
             the
             Sestians
             .
             The
             Greecians
             were
             well
             satisfi'd
             with
             Lysander's
             Conduct
             ,
             for
             by
             his
             means
             the
             Aeginites
             were
             restor'd
             to
             their
             own
             Cities
             ,
             of
             which
             the
             Athenians
             had
             injustly
             possess'd
             themselves
             .
             By
             this
             time
             Lysander
             had
             intelligence
             that
             there
             was
             a
             Famine
             in
             Athens
             ,
             upon
             which
             he
             sail'd
             to
             the
             Piraeum
             ,
             and
             had
             no
             sooner
             began
             his
             siege
             ,
             but
             the
             City
             surrendred
             ,
             submitting
             to
             whatever
             Terms
             he
             demanded
             .
          
           
             'T
             is
             reported
             among
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ,
             that
             Lysander
             wrote
             to
             the
             Magistrates
             thus
             ,
             
               Athens
               is
               taken
            
             :
             To
             which
             they
             return'd
             this
             Answer
             in
             the
             same
             way
             ;
             
               You
               say
               't
               is
               taken
               ,
               we
               are
               satisfi'd
               .
            
             But
             this
             was
             recorded
             rather
             as
             Laconick
             than
             true
             ,
             
             for
             they
             commanded
             him
             to
             observe
             these
             orders
             .
             They
             run
             thus
             :
             
               Know
               this
               is
               the
               decree
               of
               the
            
             Lacedaemonians
             ;
             
               Pull
               down
               the
            
             Piraeum
             ,
             
               and
               the
               long
               Wall
               ;
               Divide
               their
               Lands
               among
               the
               neighbouring
               Cities
               ;
               Allow
               'em
               what
               's
               necessary
               ,
               and
               set
               the
               Captives
               at
               liberty
               .
               When
               you
               have
               perform'd
               this
               ,
               enjoy
               that
               peace
               which
               you
               have
               so
               well
               deserv'd
               :
               As
               for
               the
               number
               of
               Ships
               ,
               use
               your
               own
               discretion
               in
               that
               matter
               .
            
             When
             these
             orders
             came
             to
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             they
             took
             Theramenes
             his
             advice
             thereupon
             ,
             whom
             Cleomenes
             one
             of
             the
             young
             Councellors
             ask'd
             ,
             why
             he
             acted
             contrary
             to
             the
             intention
             of
             Themistocles
             ,
             and
             gave
             those
             Walls
             into
             the
             hands
             of
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ,
             which
             he
             built
             in
             defiance
             of
             '
             em
             .
             Youth
             ,
             says
             he
             ,
             
               I
               have
               my
               eye
               upon
            
             Themistocles
             
               his
               design
               .
               He
               rais'd
               these
               Walls
               for
               the
               preservation
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               and
               I
               for
               the
               very
               same
               reason
               wou'd
               have
               'em
               destroy'd
               ;
               and
               if
               Walls
               only
               secure
               a
               City
               ,
            
             Sparta
             
               which
               has
               none
               is
               in
               a
               very
               ill
               condition
               .
            
          
           
             Lysander
             as
             soon
             as
             the
             Ships
             and
             Fortifications
             of
             the
             Athenians
             were
             deliver'd
             into
             his
             hands
             ,
             attempted
             the
             same
             alteration
             among
             them
             ,
             as
             he
             had
             made
             in
             the
             other
             parts
             of
             Greece
             ,
             but
             finding
             'em
             more
             stubborn
             than
             he
             expected
             ,
             he
             complain'd
             to
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ,
             that
             their
             orders
             were
             not
             observ'd
             by
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             that
             
             the
             Walls
             were
             yet
             standing
             ,
             after
             the
             time
             fix'd
             for
             their
             pulling
             down
             was
             expir'd
             ,
             and
             now
             since
             they
             had
             broke
             their
             first
             Articles
             ,
             he
             declar'd
             he
             wou'd
             not
             enter
             into
             new
             conditions
             with
             '
             em
             .
             Some
             say
             he
             mov'd
             in
             Council
             that
             they
             might
             be
             reduc'd
             to
             Slavery
             ,
             when
             at
             the
             same
             time
             Erianthus
             the
             Theban
             propos'd
             wholly
             to
             destroy
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             leave
             the
             Country
             desolate
             ;
             but
             a
             little
             afterwards
             at
             an
             entertainment
             of
             the
             Captains
             ,
             one
             of
             'em
             repeated
             some
             verses
             out
             of
             
               Eurypides's
               Electra
            
             :
             They
             begun
             thus
             ,
          
           
             
               Electra
               ,
               O
               unhappy
               Queen
               ,
            
             
               Whither
               wou'd
               you
               fly
               !
               return
               ;
            
             
               Your
               absence
               the
               forsaken
               Groves
            
             
               And
               desert
               Palace
               seem
               to
               mourn
               .
            
          
           
             This
             struck
             'em
             ,
             and
             ,
             gave
             'em
             occasion
             to
             reflect
             ,
             how
             barbarous
             't
             wou'd
             appear
             to
             lay
             that
             City
             in
             ruine
             ,
             which
             had
             been
             renown'd
             for
             the
             birth
             and
             education
             of
             so
             many
             famous
             men
             .
             However
             Lysander
             ,
             the
             Athenians
             entirely
             submitting
             to
             him
             ,
             call'd
             a
             great
             consort
             of
             Musick
             ,
             both
             out
             of
             the
             City
             and
             Camp
             ,
             and
             whilst
             he
             pull'd
             down
             the
             Walls
             and
             burn'd
             the
             Ships
             ,
             his
             associates
             dancing
             and
             Crown'd
             with
             Garlands
             ,
             express'd
             as
             much
             joy
             ,
             as
             if
             the
             end
             of
             other
             men's
             happiness
             ,
             had
             been
             the
             beginning
             
             of
             their
             own
             .
             After
             this
             ,
             according
             to
             his
             usual
             way
             of
             dealing
             with
             Conquer'd
             People
             ,
             he
             alter'd
             their
             Government
             ,
             appointed
             thirty
             Rulers
             over
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             ten
             over
             the
             Piraeum
             ,
             plac'd
             a
             strong
             Garrison
             in
             the
             Tower
             ,
             and
             made
             Callibius
             a
             Spartan
             the
             Governour
             ,
             who
             upon
             some
             slight
             occasion
             offer'd
             to
             strike
             Autolycus
             (
             a
             famous
             wrestler
             ,
             the
             same
             whom
             Xenophon
             mentions
             in
             his
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             )
             but
             the
             young
             Gentleman
             avoided
             the
             blow
             ,
             and
             gave
             Callibius
             a
             fall
             .
             Lysander
             ,
             though
             this
             reflected
             upon
             one
             of
             his
             Officers
             ,
             seem'd
             not
             to
             be
             much
             disturb'd
             at
             it
             ,
             he
             only
             mildly
             reprimanded
             Autolycus
             ,
             and
             told
             him
             Callibius
             was
             unacquainted
             with
             the
             
               Athenian
               Polity
            
             ,
             and
             did
             not
             know
             the
             distinction
             of
             his
             quality
             :
             But
             soon
             after
             the
             Governours
             to
             ingratiate
             themselves
             with
             Callibius
             ,
             kill'd
             Autolycus
             .
          
           
             Lysander
             when
             he
             had
             settled
             his
             Affairs
             ,
             sail'd
             to
             Thrace
             .
             All
             the
             money
             and
             presents
             which
             he
             had
             receiv'd
             (
             and
             in
             all
             probability
             a
             man
             in
             his
             station
             must
             have
             receiv'd
             many
             )
             he
             sent
             to
             Lacedaemon
             by
             Gulippus
             ,
             whom
             he
             had
             made
             Captain
             over
             the
             Troops
             in
             Sicily
             .
             This
             Gulippus
             ripp'd
             up
             every
             bag
             ,
             and
             when
             he
             had
             taken
             out
             of
             each
             as
             much
             as
             he
             thought
             fit
             ,
             sow'd
             'em
             up
             again
             ;
             but
             this
             was
             not
             manag'd
             so
             cunningly
             as
             he
             imagin'd
             ,
             for
             in
             
             every
             bag
             it
             seems
             there
             was
             a
             bill
             that
             gave
             a
             particular
             account
             of
             its
             summ
             ,
             so
             that
             when
             he
             came
             to
             Sparta
             ,
             having
             first
             secur'd
             ,
             as
             he
             thought
             ,
             under
             the
             tiles
             of
             his
             House
             what
             he
             had
             taken
             for
             his
             own
             use
             ,
             he
             deliver'd
             up
             his
             charge
             to
             the
             Magistrates
             ,
             and
             with
             a
             good
             assurance
             show'd
             'em
             the
             Seals
             as
             a
             mark
             of
             his
             fidelity
             .
             But
             when
             they
             examin'd
             the
             money
             and
             found
             it
             fall
             short
             of
             the
             Accounts
             express'd
             in
             the
             Bills
             ,
             not
             suspecting
             any
             cheat
             in
             the
             Messenger
             they
             were
             something
             surpriz'd
             at
             the
             difference
             ,
             till
             Gulippus
             his
             Servant
             betray'd
             the
             Secret
             ,
             and
             told
             'em
             by
             way
             of
             Riddle
             ,
             That
             he
             had
             observ'd
             a
             great
             many
             Owls
             lodg'd
             under
             his
             Masters
             tiles
             :
             Now
             the
             Athenian
             money
             being
             generally
             stamp'd
             with
             the
             image
             of
             an
             Owl
             ,
             this
             Mystery
             was
             quicly
             understood
             ,
             and
             Gulippus
             having
             stain'd
             his
             former
             reputation
             with
             this
             mean
             action
             ,
             was
             asham'd
             to
             appear
             any
             more
             at
             Lacedaemon
             .
          
           
             Some
             of
             the
             wisest
             among
             the
             Spartans
             ,
             probably
             upon
             this
             occasion
             ,
             being
             sensible
             what
             an
             ill
             influence
             money
             had
             over
             most
             mens
             manners
             ,
             and
             how
             easily
             the
             best
             were
             corrupted
             by
             it
             ,
             were
             very
             warm
             in
             their
             reflections
             upon
             Lysander
             ,
             and
             earnestly
             press'd
             the
             Magistrates
             to
             send
             away
             all
             their
             treasure
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             .
             This
             debate
             was
             referr'd
             to
             a
             Council
             ,
             where
             
             as
             Theopompus
             says
             Scirophidas
             ,
             as
             Ephorus
             will
             have
             it
             ,
             Phlogidas
             ,
             openly
             declar'd
             against
             receiving
             Gold
             or
             Silver
             into
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             mov'd
             that
             no
             money
             might
             be
             us'd
             amongst
             'em
             ,
             but
             their
             own
             ,
             which
             was
             Iron
             dip'd
             in
             Vinegar
             whilst
             it
             was
             Red-hot
             ,
             to
             make
             it
             hard
             and
             unpliable
             ,
             that
             it
             might
             not
             easily
             be
             cover'd
             with
             Counterfeit
             Brass
             ,
             this
             Coin
             of
             theirs
             made
             in
             the
             fashion
             of
             a
             Pyramid
             ,
             was
             heavy
             ,
             and
             that
             which
             was
             much
             in
             weight
             ,
             was
             but
             little
             in
             value
             ,
             so
             that
             't
             was
             very
             troublesome
             to
             carry
             any
             considerable
             Summ.
             This
             party
             that
             Voted
             against
             keeping
             the
             money
             was
             over-power'd
             by
             
             Lysander's
             Friends
             ,
             and
             at
             last
             't
             was
             decreed
             that
             it
             shou'd
             be
             employ'd
             upon
             Publick
             Occasions
             ,
             and
             that
             it
             shou'd
             be
             a
             Capital
             Crime
             to
             convert
             any
             of
             it
             to
             Private
             uses
             ;
             But
             this
             did
             not
             at
             all
             answer
             Lycurgus
             his
             design
             ,
             who
             by
             a
             scarcity
             of
             money
             intended
             to
             prevent
             Covetousness
             which
             is
             generally
             the
             ill
             Consequence
             of
             Riches
             ;
             now
             this
             was
             not
             so
             much
             prevented
             by
             forbidding
             the
             use
             of
             money
             in
             Private
             ,
             as
             't
             was
             encourag'd
             by
             allowing
             it
             in
             Publick
             ,
             and
             it
             cou'd
             not
             be
             imagin'd
             that
             People
             who
             manag'd
             wealth
             to
             so
             General
             an
             Advantage
             of
             the
             Republick
             ,
             shou●d
             think
             it
             of
             no
             concern
             to
             themselves
             ;
             nay
             't
             is
             much
             more
             reasonable
             to
             conclude
             that
             the
             common
             
             Custom
             of
             a
             Nation
             shou'd
             influence
             particular
             men
             ,
             than
             that
             the
             whole
             Nation
             shou'd
             be
             corrupted
             by
             the
             Actions
             of
             some
             few
             ,
             who
             upon
             any
             misdemeanor
             may
             be
             call'd
             to
             account
             ,
             and
             reduc'd
             to
             a
             better
             sense
             of
             their
             duty
             ,
             by
             sound
             Laws
             and
             strict
             Discipline
             .
             So
             that
             the
             order
             of
             State
             which
             we
             just
             now
             mentioned
             ,
             was
             of
             no
             benefit
             to
             the
             Commonwealth
             ,
             for
             though
             the
             fear
             of
             punishment
             was
             a
             pretty
             secure
             Guard
             upon
             men
             ,
             not
             to
             hazard
             their
             Lives
             in
             Treasuring
             up
             money
             ,
             yet
             the
             prohibition
             only
             heighten'd
             their
             desires
             ,
             and
             if
             their
             Actions
             did
             not
             break
             out
             ,
             at
             last
             their
             affections
             were
             tainted
             .
             But
             I
             shall
             say
             no
             more
             of
             this
             matter
             here
             ,
             because
             I
             have
             reflected
             upon
             it
             in
             another
             place
             .
          
           
             Lysander
             ,
             as
             we
             observ'd
             before
             ,
             being
             much
             enrich'd
             with
             plunder
             and
             presents
             ,
             rais'd
             his
             own
             and
             several
             of
             the
             chief
             Commanders
             statues
             in
             Brass
             at
             Delphos
             ,
             and
             represented
             in
             Gold
             the
             Constellations
             of
             Castor
             ,
             and
             Pollux
             ,
             which
             had
             shone
             so
             favourably
             upon
             him
             at
             the
             Battel
             of
             Leuctra
             .
             The
             great
             Ship
             that
             Cyrus
             sent
             him
             when
             he
             congratualted
             him
             upon
             his
             Victory
             ,
             he
             plac'd
             in
             the
             Treasury
             of
             Brasidas
             ,
             and
             the
             Acanthians
             ,
             and
             Alexandrides
             in
             his
             History
             names
             a
             very
             considerable
             Summ
             left
             there
             by
             Lysander
             .
             But
             this
             account
             
             is
             not
             agreeable
             to
             the
             latter
             circumstances
             of
             his
             Life
             .
          
           
             It
             must
             be
             own'd
             that
             never
             any
             Lacedaemonian
             General
             had
             so
             absolute
             an
             Authority
             as
             Lysander
             ,
             yet
             his
             Pride
             and
             Haughtiness
             of
             Spirit
             still
             carried
             him
             beyond
             it
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             Douris
             says
             the
             Grecians
             rais'd
             Altars
             to
             his
             Honour
             and
             sacrificed
             to
             him
             as
             a
             God.
             He
             was
             the
             first
             that
             was
             complimented
             with
             Songs
             of
             Triumph
             ;
             one
             of
             which
             begun
             thus
             ,
          
           
             
               To
               the
               brave
               Leader
               of
               our
               Bands
               ,
            
             
               Begin
               the
               Song
               ,
               which
               Gods
               inspire
               ;
            
             
               With
               Tuneful
               Voice
               ,
               and
               Artful
               Hands
               :
            
             
               Io
               Paean
               !
               touch
               the
               Lyre
               !
            
          
           
             And
             the
             Samians
             decreed
             that
             the
             Feasts
             which
             were
             Celebrated
             in
             the
             Honour
             of
             Juno
             ,
             shou'd
             now
             be
             transferr'd
             to
             
               Lysander
               .
               Chaerilus
            
             a
             Poet
             was
             always
             one
             of
             his
             retinue
             and
             ready
             upon
             all
             occasions
             to
             Celebrate
             his
             Actions
             .
             Antilochus
             presenting
             him
             with
             a
             Panegyrick
             which
             he
             was
             much
             pleas'd
             with
             ,
             was
             very
             splendidly
             rewarded
             .
             There
             was
             a
             great
             emulation
             between
             Antimachus
             of
             Colophon
             and
             Niceratus
             of
             Heraclea
             ,
             who
             shou'd
             write
             the
             best
             Poem
             in
             
             Lysander's
             Praise
             .
             The
             Lawrel
             was
             given
             to
             Niceratus
             ,
             which
             Antimachus
             taking
             ill
             ,
             suppress'd
             his
             Verses
             .
             Plato
             who
             
             was
             then
             a
             young
             Man
             ,
             and
             an
             admirer
             of
             Antimachus
             his
             Poetry
             ,
             desir'd
             him
             to
             bear
             this
             little
             misfortune
             with
             more
             Courage
             ,
             telling
             him
             that
             ignorance
             affects
             only
             those
             that
             are
             ignorant
             ,
             as
             Blindness
             hurts
             those
             alone
             that
             are
             Blind
             ,
             and
             that
             this
             affront
             was
             not
             so
             much
             his
             own
             unhappiness
             ,
             as
             theirs
             who
             were
             not
             able
             to
             judge
             of
             his
             excellencies
             .
             Aristonous
             the
             Musician
             who
             had
             six
             times
             won
             the
             prize
             of
             the
             Pythian
             games
             ,
             openly
             declar'd
             ,
             that
             if
             ever
             he
             had
             the
             fortune
             to
             be
             conquerour
             once
             more
             ,
             he
             'd
             employ
             all
             his
             art
             in
             
             Lysander's
             praises
             .
          
           
             
             Lysander's
             Haughtiness
             and
             Ambition
             was
             alike
             uneasie
             to
             his
             Superiours
             and
             his
             equals
             ;
             he
             had
             so
             many
             Creatures
             follow'd
             him
             ,
             that
             he
             look'd
             upon
             every
             Body
             with
             careless
             disdain
             ,
             and
             was
             so
             regardless
             of
             other
             peoples
             Opinions
             ,
             that
             he
             made
             his
             own
             humour
             the
             measure
             of
             all
             his
             Actions
             ;
             to
             his
             Friends
             and
             those
             strangers
             that
             humbly
             attended
             him
             ,
             and
             sided
             with
             his
             party
             ,
             he
             was
             too
             liberally
             grateful
             ,
             and
             rewarded
             their
             services
             with
             unlimited
             Commissions
             to
             govern
             Cities
             as
             absolutely
             as
             they
             pleas'd
             :
             But
             an
             Enemy
             seldom
             escap'd
             his
             revenge
             ,
             and
             that
             was
             never
             satisfi'd
             but
             with
             the
             death
             of
             the
             Offender
             .
             To
             compass
             this
             he
             stuck
             at
             nothing
             that
             was
             base
             or
             treacherous
             ,
             as
             't
             is
             plain
             from
             
             his
             dealing
             with
             the
             Milesians
             .
             They
             had
             appear'd
             too
             forward
             in
             maintaining
             the
             right
             of
             the
             people
             ,
             and
             when
             they
             found
             their
             designs
             discover'd
             ,
             he
             was
             afraid
             they
             might
             secure
             themselves
             by
             flight
             ,
             to
             prevent
             this
             he
             solemnly
             swore
             not
             a
             man
             of
             them
             should
             suffer
             ;
             Upon
             this
             they
             were
             all
             so
             credulous
             as
             to
             relie
             upon
             his
             word
             ,
             nay
             many
             who
             upon
             apprehension
             of
             punishment
             had
             before
             absconded
             ,
             appear'd
             abroad
             again
             ,
             so
             when
             he
             had
             got
             'em
             all
             in
             his
             power
             ,
             he
             order'd
             800
             of
             'em
             to
             be
             slain
             at
             one
             execution
             .
             In
             every
             City
             he
             exercis'd
             cruelties
             of
             this
             nature
             ,
             and
             no
             man
             cou'd
             be
             safe
             who
             was
             suspected
             of
             any
             inclinations
             to
             popular
             Government
             .
             He
             did
             not
             only
             sacrifice
             men
             to
             his
             own
             private
             caprices
             ,
             but
             with
             the
             same
             barbarity
             gratifi'd
             either
             the
             malice
             or
             Covetousness
             of
             his
             Friends
             .
             From
             whence
             Eteocles
             his
             saying
             became
             famous
             ;
             that
             Greece
             cou'd
             never
             bear
             two
             
               Lysanders
               .
               Theophrastus
            
             says
             that
             Archistratus
             appli'd
             the
             same
             thing
             to
             Alcibiades
             .
          
           
             Pharnabazus
             after
             he
             had
             been
             plundred
             and
             very
             ill
             us'd
             by
             him
             ,
             sent
             informers
             against
             him
             to
             Sparta
             .
             The
             Magistrates
             took
             this
             complaint
             into
             Consideration
             ,
             and
             put
             some
             of
             his
             Friends
             to
             death
             ,
             amongst
             which
             was
             his
             Fellow-Captain
             Thorax
             ,
             who
             against
             the
             late
             Law
             was
             found
             with
             Silver
             in
             
             his
             possession
             ;
             neither
             did
             they
             stop
             here
             in
             punishing
             his
             accomplices
             ,
             but
             commanded
             him
             home
             by
             their
             Scytale
             .
             The
             nature
             and
             use
             of
             which
             was
             this
             .
             When
             the
             Magistrates
             gave
             their
             Commission
             to
             any
             Admiral
             or
             General
             ,
             they
             took
             two
             round
             pieces
             of
             Wood
             both
             eactly
             equal
             in
             breadth
             and
             thickness
             ,
             one
             they
             kept
             themselves
             ,
             the
             other
             was
             deliver'd
             to
             their
             Officer
             ,
             so
             when
             they
             had
             any
             thing
             of
             moment
             which
             they
             wou'd
             secretly
             convey
             to
             him
             ;
             they
             cut
             a
             long
             narrow
             scrowl
             of
             Parchment
             ,
             and
             rowling
             it
             about
             their
             own
             staff
             one
             fold
             close
             upon
             another
             ,
             they
             wrote
             their
             business
             on
             it
             ,
             when
             they
             had
             wrote
             what
             they
             had
             to
             say
             ,
             they
             took
             off
             the
             Parchment
             and
             sent
             it
             to
             the
             General
             ,
             he
             appli'd
             it
             to
             his
             own
             staff
             ,
             which
             being
             just
             like
             that
             of
             the
             Magistrates
             ,
             the
             folds
             fell
             in
             with
             one
             another
             ,
             exactly
             as
             they
             did
             at
             the
             writing
             ,
             and
             the
             Characters
             ,
             which
             ,
             before
             't
             was
             wrapt
             up
             ,
             were
             confusedly
             disjoin'd
             ,
             and
             altogether
             unintelligible
             ,
             appear'd
             now
             very
             plainly
             .
          
           
             Lysander
             was
             startled
             at
             the
             Scytale
             ,
             and
             being
             conscious
             how
             ill
             he
             had
             us'd
             Pharnabazus
             ,
             thought
             this
             message
             was
             chiefly
             upon
             his
             Account
             ,
             so
             he
             took
             all
             the
             care
             imaginable
             to
             have
             a
             speedy
             conference
             with
             him
             ,
             and
             hop'd
             by
             a
             little
             discourse
             to
             compose
             all
             differences
             between
             '
             em
             .
             When
             
             they
             met
             ,
             he
             desir'd
             him
             to
             give
             another
             information
             to
             the
             Senate
             ,
             and
             to
             contradict
             what
             his
             Messengers
             had
             told
             'em
             before
             .
             Pharnabazus
             seem'd
             to
             comply
             with
             these
             proposals
             ,
             but
             ,
             as
             't
             is
             in
             the
             Proverb
             ,
             Put
             the
             cheat
             upon
             the
             deceiver
             ;
             for
             he
             wrote
             a
             Letter
             in
             
             Lysander's
             Presence
             according
             to
             his
             directions
             ,
             but
             had
             contriv'd
             to
             have
             another
             by
             him
             ,
             which
             was
             to
             a
             quite
             contrary
             effect
             ;
             so
             when
             they
             came
             to
             Seal
             the
             Letter
             ,
             he
             put
             that
             upon
             him
             which
             he
             had
             writ
             under-hand
             ;
             Lysander
             return'd
             boldly
             to
             Lacedaemon
             ,
             and
             attending
             the
             Magistrates
             ,
             as
             't
             is
             their
             Custom
             ,
             at
             the
             Palace
             ,
             he
             deliver'd
             Pharnabazus
             his
             Letter
             to
             'em
             ,
             which
             he
             was
             pretty
             confidently
             assur'd
             ,
             wou'd
             take
             off
             his
             greatest
             Accusation
             ,
             for
             he
             knew
             Pharnabazus
             was
             much
             valu'd
             by
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ,
             as
             being
             an
             expert
             Soldier
             and
             a
             favourite
             of
             Artaxerxes
             .
             The
             Magistrates
             read
             the
             Letter
             ,
             and
             show'd
             it
             Lysander
             ,
             he
             was
             much
             surpriz'd
             to
             meet
             with
             what
             he
             had
             not
             in
             the
             least
             suspected
             ,
             and
             in
             great
             confusion
             left
             the
             Palace
             .
          
           
             Some
             days
             after
             when
             he
             was
             amongst
             the
             Governors
             ,
             he
             told
             'em
             he
             was
             oblig'd
             to
             go
             to
             Ammon's
             Temple
             ,
             and
             pay
             that
             Sacrifice
             which
             he
             had
             Vow'd
             to
             him
             before
             the
             Battel
             ,
             and
             't
             is
             indeed
             reported
             that
             Ammon
             appear'd
             to
             him
             in
             a
             Dream
             ,
             
             when
             he
             besieg'd
             the
             Aphygaeans
             ,
             upon
             which
             as
             the
             God
             had
             directed
             he
             rais'd
             the
             Siege
             ,
             and
             bid
             the
             Aphygaeans
             Sacrifice
             to
             Ammon
             :
             But
             't
             is
             generally
             believ'd
             that
             this
             was
             only
             a
             pretence
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             true
             occasion
             of
             his
             retiring
             was
             a
             suspicion
             that
             the
             Magistrates
             wou'd
             call
             him
             to
             an
             Account
             ,
             for
             having
             Rul'd
             so
             long
             without
             controul
             ;
             his
             haughty
             Spirit
             cou'd
             not
             brook
             Submission
             to
             any
             Body
             ,
             like
             an
             Horse
             that
             after
             he
             had
             been
             free
             a
             great
             while
             and
             rang'd
             in
             open
             Pasture
             ,
             is
             very
             unwilling
             to
             be
             confin'd
             again
             to
             the
             Stable
             ,
             and
             submit
             to
             the
             manage
             of
             his
             Rider
             .
             Ephorus
             gives
             another
             Account
             of
             his
             retiring
             ,
             which
             I
             shall
             mention
             by
             and
             by
             .
             Whatever
             the
             occasion
             was
             ,
             he
             found
             it
             very
             difficult
             to
             get
             the
             Magistrates
             leave
             ,
             and
             when
             with
             much
             ado
             they
             had
             given
             their
             consent
             to
             his
             Voyage
             ,
             considering
             that
             most
             of
             their
             Cities
             were
             in
             the
             possession
             of
             his
             Friends
             ,
             that
             he
             consequently
             must
             needs
             have
             a
             great
             sway
             among
             'em
             ,
             and
             be
             likely
             to
             be
             receiv'd
             by
             'em
             with
             all
             the
             respect
             due
             to
             their
             great
             Commander
             and
             Patron
             ,
             they
             took
             particular
             care
             to
             dispossess
             'em
             and
             put
             the
             Government
             into
             other
             hands
             .
          
           
             This
             Revolution
             rais'd
             every
             where
             new
             disturbances
             ,
             and
             first
             of
             all
             the
             Athenians
             attempted
             to
             seize
             upon
             their
             thirty
             
             Governors
             ,
             but
             Lysander
             happen'd
             to
             come
             very
             opportunely
             to
             their
             relief
             ,
             and
             perswaded
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             to
             join
             with
             the
             Rulers
             against
             the
             People
             ,
             they
             did
             not
             only
             grant
             him
             this
             ,
             but
             presented
             the
             Governors
             too
             with
             an
             hundred
             Talents
             ,
             and
             chose
             him
             their
             Captain
             :
             Some
             of
             the
             Chief
             of
             the
             the
             Athenians
             were
             jealous
             of
             Lysander
             ,
             and
             fearing
             least
             he
             shou'd
             take
             the
             City
             again
             ,
             resolv'd
             one
             of
             'em
             shou'd
             be
             deputed
             to
             discourse
             with
             him
             .
             Pausanias
             was
             the
             man.
             When
             he
             came
             to
             Lysander
             ,
             he
             pretended
             he
             had
             been
             a
             great
             Friend
             to
             the
             Tyrants
             against
             the
             People
             ,
             but
             his
             design
             was
             to
             break
             off
             the
             War
             ,
             least
             Lysander
             shou'd
             again
             make
             himself
             Master
             of
             Athens
             .
             This
             design
             he
             compass'd
             very
             easily
             ,
             for
             he
             reconcil'd
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             and
             compos'd
             the
             Tumults
             ,
             and
             so
             put
             a
             stop
             to
             
             Lysander's
             Ambition
             .
             However
             the
             Athenians
             made
             another
             insurrection
             ,
             but
             Pausanias
             made
             a
             plausible
             excuse
             for
             it
             ,
             and
             said
             that
             't
             was
             no
             strange
             thing
             to
             see
             People
             that
             were
             just
             free
             from
             their
             usual
             discipline
             ,
             and
             left
             more
             to
             their
             own
             liberty
             ,
             break
             out
             into
             insolent
             Affronts
             ;
             withal
             he
             gave
             Lysander
             the
             commendation
             of
             a
             generous
             man
             ,
             who
             never
             employ'd
             his
             Arms
             either
             for
             the
             gratification
             of
             Friends
             or
             his
             own
             fame
             ,
             but
             purely
             for
             the
             Glory
             of
             Sparta
             .
             Thus
             he
             preserv'd
             
             the
             City
             a
             second
             time
             from
             
             Lysander's
             Tyranny
             .
          
           
             
             Lysander's
             Courage
             and
             Spirit
             appear'd
             in
             his
             expressions
             ,
             no
             less
             than
             it
             did
             in
             his
             Actions
             .
             Once
             when
             the
             Argives
             contended
             about
             their
             bounds
             ,
             and
             thought
             they
             cou'd
             make
             a
             better
             Plea
             than
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ,
             he
             held
             out
             his
             Sword
             ,
             and
             said
             ,
             
               He
               that
               's
               Master
               of
               this
               will
               best
               make
               out
               his
               Title
               .
            
             A
             Megarean
             using
             more
             freedom
             than
             ordinary
             with
             him
             ,
             met
             with
             this
             reprimand
             ,
             
               By
               your
               discourse
               ,
               Sir
               ,
               a
               man
               may
               guess
               you
               are
               a
               stranger
               at
               Court.
            
             When
             the
             Boeotians
             stood
             wavering
             whether
             they
             shou'd
             engage
             on
             his
             side
             ,
             or
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             he
             told
             'em
             they
             must
             fix
             their
             resolutions
             ,
             he
             wou'd
             be
             with
             'em
             speedily
             ,
             and
             bad
             'em
             consider
             whether
             they
             had
             rather
             be
             visited
             in
             a
             Friendly
             or
             hostile
             manner
             .
             After
             the
             Corinthians
             had
             revolted
             ,
             and
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             seem'd
             backward
             in
             their
             Assault
             ,
             an
             Hare
             by
             chance
             leaping
             over
             the
             Ditch
             ,
             
               Are
               ye
               not
               asham'd
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               to
               fear
               those
               Enemies
               ,
               whose
               laziness
               is
               such
               that
               the
               Hares
               sleep
               under
               their
               very
               Walls
               ?
            
          
           
             After
             Agis
             his
             death
             ,
             Agesilaus
             his
             Brother
             ,
             and
             Leotychides
             his
             suppos'd
             Son
             ,
             were
             the
             only
             pretenders
             to
             the
             Crown
             ,
             Lysander
             who
             was
             Agesilaus
             his
             particular
             Friend
             ,
             perswaded
             him
             to
             claim
             his
             Right
             
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             as
             being
             legitimately
             descended
             from
             Hercules
             ,
             for
             't
             was
             very
             much
             suspected
             that
             Leotychides
             was
             Alcibiades
             his
             Son
             ,
             who
             had
             been
             observ'd
             to
             be
             familiar
             with
             Agis
             his
             Wife
             Timaia
             ,
             all
             the
             time
             he
             was
             a
             fugitive
             in
             Sparta
             ,
             and
             Agis
             computing
             the
             time
             ,
             concluded
             that
             he
             himself
             cou'd
             not
             be
             the
             Father
             ,
             so
             openly
             disown'd
             him
             and
             neglected
             him
             as
             a
             Bastard
             ;
             yet
             afterwards
             when
             he
             fell
             sick
             and
             was
             carri'd
             to
             Herea
             ,
             by
             the
             importunity
             of
             the
             Youth
             himself
             ,
             and
             his
             Friends
             ,
             just
             before
             he
             died
             he
             declar'd
             before
             many
             witnesses
             that
             Leotychides
             was
             his
             lawful
             Son
             ,
             and
             desired
             them
             to
             testify
             these
             his
             last
             words
             to
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ;
             which
             accordingly
             they
             did
             .
             Every
             body
             respected
             Agesilaus
             as
             a
             very
             deserving
             man
             ,
             and
             his
             acquaintance
             with
             Lysander
             was
             a
             farther
             recommendation
             of
             him
             ,
             but
             he
             was
             abus'd
             by
             Diopithes
             a
             great
             dealer
             in
             Prophecies
             ,
             who
             apply'd
             this
             Speech
             of
             the
             Oracle
             to
             Agesilaus
             his
             lameness
             .
          
           
             
               Proud
               as
               thou
               art
               ,
               Sparta
               ,
               beware
            
             
               How
               thou
               obeyest
               a
               limping
               Heir
               !
            
             
               War
               and
               discord
               without
               end
               ,
            
             
               Shall
               on
               that
               luckless
               Hour
               attend
               ;
            
             
               Every
               Labor
               ,
               every
               Fate
               ,
            
             
               That
               can
               waste
               ,
               or
               sink
               a
               state
               .
            
             
          
           
             Many
             believ'd
             the
             interpretation
             ,
             and
             began
             to
             favour
             Leotychides
             his
             party
             .
             But
             Lysander
             said
             that
             Diopithes
             had
             mistook
             the
             sence
             of
             the
             Oracle
             ,
             that
             't
             was
             not
             meant
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             would
             be
             unhappy
             under
             a
             lame
             King
             ,
             but
             that
             they
             'd
             be
             a
             lame
             people
             if
             they
             suffer'd
             the
             posterity
             of
             Hercules
             to
             be
             govern'd
             by
             illegitimate
             princes
             .
             Having
             thus
             put
             a
             plausible
             construction
             upon
             the
             words
             of
             the
             Oracle
             ,
             and
             being
             otherwise
             one
             that
             had
             got
             a
             great
             interest
             among
             the
             People
             he
             prevail'd
             with
             'em
             to
             make
             choice
             of
             Agesilaus
             ;
             As
             soon
             as
             he
             was
             setled
             in
             his
             Kingdom
             ,
             Lysander
             press'd
             him
             very
             earnestly
             to
             make
             War
             upon
             Asia
             ,
             putting
             him
             in
             hopes
             of
             raising
             to
             himself
             a
             great
             reputation
             by
             the
             Conquest
             of
             Persia
             ;
             to
             further
             this
             design
             he
             writ
             to
             his
             Friends
             in
             Asia
             ,
             and
             desir'd
             'em
             they
             wou'd
             Petition
             Agesilaus
             to
             accept
             the
             Command
             of
             their
             Forces
             against
             the
             Barbarians
             .
             They
             comply'd
             with
             his
             request
             ,
             and
             sent
             Ambassadours
             to
             Lacedaemon
             for
             that
             purpose
             .
          
           
             Agesilaus
             thought
             himself
             no
             less
             oblig'd
             to
             Lysander
             for
             this
             favour
             ,
             than
             he
             had
             been
             before
             for
             his
             Kingdom
             .
             But
             ambitious
             Spirits
             however
             otherwise
             qualifi'd
             for
             Government
             ,
             are
             hindred
             in
             their
             way
             to
             Glory
             by
             that
             Envy
             which
             they
             generally
             bear
             to
             their
             equals
             ,
             and
             so
             make
             them
             the
             
             chief
             opposers
             whom
             they
             might
             make
             the
             greatest
             promoters
             of
             their
             Heroick
             Actions
             .
             Thus
             Agesilaus
             at
             first
             chose
             Lysander
             for
             his
             particular
             Favourite
             ,
             made
             him
             one
             of
             his
             Cabinet
             Council
             ,
             and
             consulted
             him
             upon
             all
             Affairs
             of
             moment
             ,
             but
             when
             they
             came
             into
             Asia
             ,
             having
             little
             acquaintance
             there
             ,
             the
             People
             seldom
             addrest
             themselves
             to
             him
             but
             made
             their
             greatest
             Court
             to
             Lysander
             ,
             some
             upon
             the
             account
             of
             a
             former
             familiarity
             and
             Friendship
             ,
             others
             out
             of
             a
             servile
             Compliance
             .
             Thus
             as
             it
             often
             happens
             in
             Plays
             ,
             a
             chief
             Actor
             represents
             one
             of
             a
             mean
             Character
             ,
             yet
             is
             much
             taken
             notice
             of
             ,
             while
             he
             that
             personates
             the
             King
             has
             but
             a
             small
             part
             ,
             and
             is
             little
             regarded
             by
             the
             Spectators
             ;
             so
             here
             the
             Councellour
             had
             all
             that
             was
             really
             valuable
             in
             Government
             ,
             and
             left
             the
             King
             only
             the
             empty
             name
             of
             Power
             .
             Indeed
             both
             of
             'em
             ought
             to
             have
             moderated
             their
             Ambition
             ,
             Lysander
             was
             too
             forward
             in
             accepting
             those
             honours
             which
             ought
             first
             to
             have
             been
             paid
             Agesilaus
             :
             On
             the
             other
             side
             Agesilaus
             did
             ill
             ,
             so
             unhandsomely
             to
             discard
             a
             Friend
             that
             he
             had
             been
             so
             much
             oblig'd
             to
             .
             For
             first
             of
             all
             he
             never
             gave
             him
             any
             opportunity
             of
             appearing
             with
             reputation
             ,
             never
             put
             him
             in
             any
             post
             of
             Command
             ;
             besides
             whoever
             he
             engag'd
             for
             ,
             was
             sure
             to
             miscarry
             ,
             and
             to
             be
             
             thought
             
             Lysander's
             Friend
             was
             fault
             enough
             to
             deserve
             the
             King's
             displeasure
             .
          
           
             Lysander
             was
             so
             unsuccessful
             in
             every
             thing
             he
             undertook
             ,
             and
             found
             so
             often
             that
             what
             he
             design'd
             as
             a
             kindness
             was
             prejudicial
             to
             his
             Friends
             ,
             that
             he
             desir'd
             'em
             to
             forbear
             their
             addresses
             ,
             and
             take
             no
             publick
             notice
             of
             him
             ,
             that
             they
             shou'd
             either
             speak
             to
             the
             King
             himself
             ,
             or
             to
             those
             Favourites
             who
             had
             more
             interest
             than
             he
             at
             present
             to
             preferr
             '
             em
             .
             Upon
             this
             many
             gave
             him
             no
             farther
             trouble
             with
             their
             concerns
             ,
             but
             still
             continu'd
             their
             respects
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             waited
             upon
             him
             in
             all
             places
             of
             publick
             entertainment
             .
             This
             griev'd
             Agesilaus
             yet
             more
             ,
             when
             he
             saw
             all
             his
             endeavours
             to
             call
             off
             the
             Peoples
             Affections
             from
             Lysander
             were
             in
             vain
             :
             So
             to
             show
             his
             resentment
             ,
             when
             he
             made
             new
             Officers
             in
             his
             Army
             ,
             and
             Governours
             of
             Cities
             ,
             he
             affronted
             Lysander
             so
             far
             as
             to
             make
             him
             overseer
             of
             his
             House-provisions
             ,
             and
             then
             by
             way
             of
             derision
             bid
             the
             Ionians
             ,
             go
             and
             pay
             their
             complements
             to
             his
             
               Caterer
               .
               Lysander
            
             cou'd
             brook
             this
             usage
             no
             longer
             ,
             and
             resolv'd
             freely
             to
             tell
             the
             King
             his
             mind
             .
             Their
             discourse
             was
             very
             short
             and
             
               Laconick
               .
               Agesilaus
            
             ,
             says
             
               Lysander
               ,
               you
               know
               very
               well
               how
               to
               despise
               your
               Friends
               ;
               Yes
               ,
            
             says
             he
             ,
             
               when
               they
               affect
               to
               be
               greater
               than
               my self
               ,
               and
               't
               is
               just
               they
               shou'd
            
             
             
               have
               the
               greatest
               share
               in
               my
               power
               who
               most
               endeavour
               to
               promote
               it
               .
            
             Lysander
             reply'd
             very
             modestly
             ,
             
               Sir
               ,
               this
               is
               rather
               what
               you
               please
               to
               say
               ,
               than
               what
               I
               ever
               did
               .
               I
               beg
               of
               you
               ,
               since
               our
               Enemies
               have
               an
               eye
               upon
               our
               carriage
               to
               one
               another
               in
               hopes
               to
               make
               advantage
               of
               it
               ,
               let
               me
               serve
               you
               in
               some
               Office
               where
               I
               may
               be
               least
               suspected
               ,
               and
               most
               useful
               to
               you
               .
            
             This
             favour
             was
             granted
             him
             ,
             and
             he
             was
             sent
             Ambassador
             to
             the
             Hellespont
             ,
             and
             though
             he
             did
             bear
             some
             secret
             grudge
             to
             the
             King
             ,
             yet
             that
             did
             not
             hinder
             him
             from
             a
             very
             faithful
             discharge
             of
             his
             duty
             .
             He
             perswaded
             Mithridates
             the
             Persian
             who
             had
             fallen
             out
             with
             Pharnabazus
             to
             revolt
             with
             all
             the
             Army
             under
             his
             Command
             ,
             and
             brought
             him
             over
             to
             Agesilaus
             :
             However
             he
             was
             not
             employ'd
             upon
             any
             other
             service
             ,
             but
             return'd
             in
             disgrace
             to
             Sparta
             ,
             not
             only
             highly
             incens'd
             against
             Agesilaus
             in
             particular
             ,
             but
             displeas'd
             more
             than
             ever
             with
             the
             whole
             frame
             of
             the
             Government
             .
          
           
             Things
             had
             been
             a
             great
             while
             ripe
             for
             change
             ,
             and
             People
             were
             ready
             to
             break
             into
             Rebellion
             ;
             he
             resolv'd
             therefore
             not
             to
             miss
             the
             opportunity
             but
             set
             it
             on
             foot
             assoon
             as
             possible
             .
             His
             stratagem
             was
             this
             .
             Some
             of
             the
             Heraclidae
             who
             came
             into
             Peloponnesus
             and
             mix'd
             with
             the
             Dorians
             ,
             were
             now
             grown
             very
             numerous
             and
             
             powerful
             in
             Sparta
             .
             But
             two
             Families
             only
             cou'd
             claim
             any
             right
             to
             succession
             in
             the
             Kingdom
             ;
             those
             were
             the
             Eurytiontidae
             and
             the
             Agiadae
             ,
             others
             had
             no
             privilege
             in
             the
             Commonwealth
             by
             the
             Nobleness
             of
             their
             Birth
             ,
             but
             those
             who
             cou'd
             plead
             most
             merit
             had
             the
             best
             Titles
             to
             the
             common
             Rewards
             of
             Vertue
             .
             Lysander
             was
             one
             of
             these
             ,
             and
             when
             he
             had
             gain'd
             a
             great
             Reputation
             by
             his
             Actions
             ,
             many
             Friends
             ,
             and
             much
             Power
             ,
             he
             was
             uneasy
             to
             see
             that
             City
             which
             ow'd
             its
             encrease
             chiefly
             to
             him
             ,
             rul'd
             by
             others
             no
             better
             descended
             than
             himself
             .
             So
             he
             contriv'd
             to
             alter
             the
             settlement
             which
             confin'd
             the
             Government
             to
             two
             Families
             ,
             and
             gave
             all
             the
             Heraclidae
             an
             equal
             right
             to
             it
             ;
             nay
             some
             say
             not
             the
             Heraclidae
             only
             ,
             but
             all
             the
             Spartans
             ,
             and
             make
             it
             a
             reward
             not
             so
             much
             of
             Hercules
             his
             posterity
             ,
             as
             of
             those
             who
             bravely
             imitated
             that
             valour
             which
             gave
             him
             a
             place
             among
             the
             Gods.
             He
             had
             great
             hopes
             that
             when
             the
             Kingdom
             was
             thus
             to
             be
             dispos'd
             of
             ,
             no
             Spartan
             cou'd
             appear
             with
             those
             advantages
             that
             he
             cou'd
             .
             Upon
             which
             prospect
             first
             he
             endeavour'd
             to
             insinuate
             the
             reasonableness
             of
             this
             change
             into
             private
             People
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             to
             the
             same
             purpose
             spoke
             an
             Oration
             which
             Cleon
             of
             Halicarnassus
             had
             made
             for
             him
             .
             But
             perceiving
             
             that
             this
             new
             project
             was
             very
             extraordinary
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             be
             brought
             about
             by
             common
             means
             ,
             as
             in
             Tragedies
             ,
             when
             any
             thing
             of
             great
             importance
             is
             to
             be
             resolv'd
             ,
             the
             assistance
             of
             some
             God
             is
             made
             use
             of
             ,
             so
             he
             to
             promote
             his
             designs
             with
             more
             colour
             of
             Authority
             counterfeited
             answers
             from
             Delphos
             ,
             presuming
             he
             shou'd
             terrifie
             those
             by
             
               Apollo's
               Oracles
            
             whom
             he
             cou'd
             not
             perswade
             by
             
               Cleon's
               Eloquence
               .
               Ephorus
            
             says
             that
             after
             he
             had
             in
             vain
             endeavour'd
             to
             pervert
             the
             Pythian
             Oracle
             ,
             and
             as
             unsuccessfully
             sent
             Pericles
             to
             corrupt
             Dodona
             ,
             he
             went
             himself
             to
             Ammon
             ,
             and
             profer'd
             the
             Priests
             prodigious
             Summs
             of
             Gold
             ,
             who
             with
             great
             indignation
             rejected
             his
             Bribes
             and
             sent
             people
             to
             accuse
             him
             at
             Sparta
             .
             Where
             he
             met
             with
             such
             favourable
             Judges
             that
             he
             was
             easily
             clear'd
             from
             their
             impeachments
             ,
             upon
             which
             the
             Libyans
             took
             their
             leave
             of
             the
             Spartans
             in
             this
             manner
             ,
             
               When
               you
               come
               to
               live
               among
               us
               in
            
             Africa
             
               you
               'll
               find
               us
               more
               impartial
               Judges
               .
            
             Now
             there
             was
             an
             ancient
             Prophecy
             which
             foretold
             that
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             shou'd
             some
             time
             or
             other
             inhabit
             Africa
             .
             Lysander's
             designs
             in
             this
             matter
             were
             very
             subtile
             and
             intricate
             ,
             and
             manag'd
             by
             very
             great
             Politicians
             ,
             so
             in
             order
             to
             clear
             the
             whole
             intrigue
             we
             must
             trace
             it
             as
             we
             do
             a
             Mathematical
             demonstration
             ,
             
             up
             to
             its
             first
             principles
             ;
             I
             shall
             therefore
             at
             large
             explain
             it
             as
             't
             is
             related
             by
             a
             certain
             Historian
             and
             Philosopher
             .
          
           
             There
             was
             a
             Woman
             in
             Pontus
             who
             was
             said
             to
             conceive
             by
             Apollo
             ,
             many
             with
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             reason
             suspected
             it
             ,
             others
             were
             so
             credulous
             as
             to
             believe
             it
             .
             After
             she
             was
             deliver'd
             of
             a
             Boy
             many
             People
             took
             peculiar
             care
             of
             its
             education
             ,
             and
             for
             some
             reason
             or
             other
             gave
             it
             the
             Name
             of
             
               Silenus
               .
               Lysander
            
             taking
             hold
             of
             this
             ,
             made
             it
             the
             Ground
             of
             his
             whole
             stratagem
             ,
             and
             chose
             such
             confidents
             to
             assist
             him
             in
             it
             ,
             whose
             Character
             might
             bring
             the
             story
             into
             reputation
             without
             the
             least
             suspicion
             of
             forgery
             .
             To
             make
             the
             best
             advantage
             of
             this
             they
             spread
             abroad
             another
             story
             ,
             that
             there
             were
             very
             ancient
             Oracles
             closely
             conceal'd
             in
             the
             custody
             of
             the
             Priests
             ,
             and
             't
             was
             upon
             record
             that
             they
             were
             not
             to
             be
             profan'd
             by
             vulgar
             hands
             ,
             neither
             was
             it
             lawful
             for
             any
             man
             to
             read
             'em
             ,
             till
             in
             some
             future
             Age
             one
             shou'd
             arise
             who
             shou'd
             manifestly
             prove
             himself
             the
             Son
             of
             Apollo
             ,
             and
             challenge
             to
             himself
             the
             Interpretation
             of
             these
             Mysteries
             .
             When
             the
             credit
             of
             this
             report
             was
             well
             established
             among
             the
             People
             ,
             Silenus
             was
             to
             come
             and
             demand
             the
             prerogative
             of
             his
             Birth
             .
             The
             Priests
             who
             were
             Confederates
             in
             this
             Plot
             ,
             were
             strictly
             to
             examine
             into
             every
             circumstance
             
             and
             particular
             of
             his
             Nativity
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             being
             fully
             convinc'd
             that
             he
             was
             the
             true
             Son
             of
             Apollo
             ,
             were
             to
             deliver
             up
             their
             charge
             to
             him
             :
             who
             when
             he
             publickly
             open'd
             the
             Oracles
             before
             the
             People
             ,
             was
             to
             declare
             several
             things
             concerning
             the
             Government
             ,
             among
             which
             he
             was
             to
             tell
             'em
             't
             wou'd
             be
             more
             for
             their
             honour
             and
             interest
             to
             break
             the
             present
             succession
             ,
             and
             choose
             their
             Kings
             out
             of
             the
             most
             deserving
             men
             in
             the
             Commonwealth
             .
             But
             when
             Silenus
             was
             grown
             up
             and
             every
             thing
             ready
             for
             Action
             ,
             the
             whole
             business
             miscarri'd
             by
             the
             Cowardice
             of
             one
             that
             was
             an
             agent
             in
             it
             ,
             whose
             heart
             failed
             him
             just
             at
             the
             time
             of
             Execution
             .
             However
             nothing
             of
             this
             was
             discover'd
             while
             Lysander
             liv'd
             ,
             for
             he
             died
             ,
             before
             Agesilaus
             return'd
             from
             Asia
             ,
             in
             the
             Baeotian
             ,
             or
             as
             some
             say
             the
             Grecian
             ,
             War.
             For
             't
             is
             reported
             both
             ways
             .
             Some
             say
             he
             himself
             was
             the
             occasion
             of
             his
             death
             ,
             others
             blame
             the
             Thebans
             for
             it
             ,
             others
             accuse
             both
             .
             To
             the
             Thebans
             'tis
             objected
             that
             they
             us'd
             the
             Sacrifice
             so
             irreverently
             ,
             as
             to
             scatter
             it
             in
             pieces
             on
             the
             Ground
             ;
             that
             suffering
             themselves
             to
             be
             corrupted
             by
             the
             King
             about
             Androclides
             and
             Amphitheus
             ,
             they
             engag'd
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             in
             the
             Grecian
             War
             ,
             that
             they
             set
             upon
             the
             Phocians
             and
             laid
             waste
             their
             Country
             .
             They
             say
             too
             Lysander
             
             took
             it
             ill
             ,
             that
             they
             alone
             ,
             when
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Confederates
             were
             content
             ,
             pretended
             to
             the
             privilege
             of
             assuming
             to
             themselves
             the
             tenth
             part
             of
             the
             spoils
             ;
             and
             that
             they
             complain'd
             of
             his
             sending
             money
             to
             Sparta
             .
             But
             he
             was
             most
             of
             all
             displeas'd
             ,
             because
             they
             made
             way
             for
             the
             Athenians
             to
             free
             themselves
             from
             the
             Tyranny
             of
             that
             Government
             which
             he
             had
             establish'd
             among
             '
             em
             .
             To
             terrifie
             the
             Athenians
             from
             this
             revolt
             ,
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             decreed
             that
             those
             who
             fled
             out
             of
             Athens
             shou'd
             be
             apprehended
             where-ever
             they
             shou'd
             be
             found
             ,
             and
             that
             those
             who
             endeavour'd
             to
             rescue
             'em
             shou'd
             be
             treated
             as
             Enemies
             to
             the
             Government
             .
             The
             Thebans
             gave
             out
             a
             counter
             order
             which
             was
             generous
             and
             becoming
             the
             posterity
             of
             Hercules
             ,
             and
             Bacchus
             ,
             that
             every
             House
             and
             City
             in
             Baeotia
             shou'd
             be
             open
             and
             free
             for
             any
             Athenian
             that
             desir'd
             protection
             ,
             and
             that
             whoever
             did
             not
             assist
             a
             fugitive
             that
             was
             in
             danger
             of
             being
             seiz'd
             ,
             shou'd
             be
             fin'd
             a
             Talent
             ,
             besides
             if
             any
             one
             shou'd
             march
             Arm'd
             through
             Baeotia
             to
             the
             Relief
             of
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             he
             shou'd
             find
             a
             safe
             passage
             without
             being
             taken
             notice
             of
             .
             Neither
             did
             they
             stop
             here
             ,
             for
             as
             their
             decree
             was
             hospitable
             and
             friendly
             ,
             so
             their
             Actions
             were
             agreeable
             to
             it
             .
             For
             Thrasibulus
             with
             several
             other
             fugitives
             was
             so
             far
             aided
             by
             them
             secretly
             ,
             
             with
             Money
             ,
             and
             Arms
             ,
             that
             he
             made
             an
             assault
             upon
             the
             Phile
             ,
             and
             possess'd
             himself
             of
             it
             .
             Lysander
             cou'd
             not
             but
             resent
             these
             affronts
             ,
             which
             the
             Thebans
             had
             so
             openly
             offer'd
             both
             to
             him
             and
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             .
             His
             Anger
             grew
             very
             fierce
             ,
             and
             was
             encreas'd
             by
             a
             Splenetick
             humour
             which
             he
             was
             troubled
             with
             in
             his
             old
             Age.
             This
             urg'd
             him
             to
             importune
             the
             Magistrates
             to
             employ
             him
             once
             more
             in
             their
             Service
             ,
             so
             he
             march'd
             out
             with
             the
             Army
             under
             his
             Command
             ,
             and
             Pausanias
             follow'd
             him
             with
             another
             .
             Pausanias
             went
             round
             by
             Cythaeron
             with
             a
             design
             to
             invade
             
               Baeotia
               ;
               Lysander
            
             pass'd
             through
             Phocis
             in
             order
             to
             meet
             him
             .
             As
             he
             march'd
             along
             he
             took
             by
             surrender
             the
             City
             of
             the
             Orchomenians
             ,
             and
             laid
             waste
             Lebadia
             .
             From
             whence
             he
             sent
             Letters
             to
             Pausanias
             that
             he
             shou'd
             remove
             from
             Platea
             ,
             and
             make
             haste
             to
             join
             Forces
             with
             him
             at
             Haliartus
             ,
             where
             he
             himself
             wou'd
             certainly
             meet
             him
             by
             break
             of
             day
             .
             These
             Letters
             fell
             into
             the
             hands
             of
             the
             Enemies
             Spies
             ,
             and
             were
             brought
             to
             the
             Thebans
             .
             Upon
             the
             opening
             of
             'em
             they
             entrusted
             their
             City
             with
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             and
             they
             sallying
             out
             at
             the
             first
             Watch
             arriv'd
             at
             Haliartus
             ,
             and
             put
             part
             of
             their
             Forces
             into
             the
             City
             a
             little
             before
             Lysander
             came
             .
             Lysander
             had
             at
             first
             resolv'd
             to
             pitch
             his
             
             Tents
             upon
             the
             side
             of
             an
             Hill
             ,
             and
             wait
             for
             Pausanias
             ,
             but
             day
             drawing
             on
             he
             grew
             impatient
             ,
             and
             led
             his
             Soldiers
             out
             in
             a
             direct
             line
             along
             the
             Road
             to
             the
             Walls
             of
             the
             City
             .
          
           
             There
             is
             a
             Fountain
             call'd
             Cisseusa
             in
             which
             they
             say
             Bacchus
             was
             wash'd
             immediately
             after
             his
             birth
             ,
             for
             the
             Water
             is
             like
             Wine
             ,
             of
             a
             bright
             Colour
             ,
             and
             a
             pleasant
             taste
             ,
             not
             far
             off
             grows
             the
             
               Cretian
               Storax
            
             ,
             by
             which
             the
             Haliartians
             guess
             Radamanthus
             dwelt
             there
             ,
             and
             the
             rather
             because
             his
             Sepulchre
             too
             ,
             which
             they
             call
             Alea
             ,
             is
             seen
             in
             this
             place
             .
             The
             monument
             of
             Alcmena
             is
             hard
             by
             ,
             where
             they
             pretend
             she
             was
             buri'd
             ,
             when
             after
             Amphitryo's
             death
             she
             marri'd
             Radamanthus
             .
             'T
             was
             here
             about
             on
             the
             left
             side
             of
             Haliartus
             ,
             that
             those
             Thebans
             who
             had
             not
             entred
             the
             City
             were
             plac'd
             ,
             from
             whence
             with
             great
             fierceness
             they
             fell
             upon
             the
             Enemies
             Rear
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             those
             within
             the
             City
             putting
             themselves
             into
             one
             body
             with
             the
             Haliartians
             kept
             their
             order
             in
             quiet
             .
             But
             assoon
             as
             Lysander
             appear'd
             with
             his
             Van-Guard
             before
             the
             Gates
             ,
             they
             rush'd
             out
             ,
             killed
             him
             and
             one
             of
             his
             Priests
             ,
             with
             some
             few
             more
             ,
             for
             the
             greater
             part
             made
             their
             escape
             to
             the
             main
             Army
             ,
             but
             the
             Thebans
             pursu'd
             'em
             so
             closely
             that
             they
             all
             soon
             dispers'd
             and
             fled
             to
             the
             Hills
             .
             A
             Thousand
             of
             
             them
             were
             kill'd
             in
             this
             pursuit
             ,
             and
             300
             of
             the
             Thebans
             fell
             by
             chasing
             'em
             too
             rashly
             into
             craggy
             and
             dangerous
             places
             .
             These
             300
             had
             been
             suspected
             of
             correspondence
             with
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ,
             which
             made
             'em
             so
             rash
             and
             desperate
             that
             they
             were
             resolv'd
             to
             wipe
             off
             this
             disgrace
             though
             with
             the
             loss
             of
             their
             Lives
             .
             The
             news
             of
             this
             defeat
             came
             to
             Pausanias
             as
             he
             was
             going
             from
             Platea
             to
             Thespias
             .
             He
             presently
             put
             his
             Army
             in
             order
             and
             made
             towards
             Haliartus
             ,
             where
             about
             the
             same
             time
             Thrasybulus
             was
             arriv'd
             with
             a
             party
             of
             the
             Athenians
             under
             his
             Command
             .
             Pausanias
             wou'd
             have
             articled
             with
             'em
             upon
             terms
             for
             the
             dead
             ,
             but
             the
             Spartan
             Magistrates
             wou'd
             not
             consent
             to
             it
             ,
             and
             were
             angry
             with
             him
             for
             offering
             such
             mean
             proposals
             .
             They
             declar'd
             
             Lysander's
             body
             shou'd
             not
             be
             redeem'd
             by
             conditions
             ,
             but
             if
             they
             fought
             it
             out
             ,
             and
             Conquer'd
             they
             might
             carry
             it
             off
             honourably
             ,
             if
             they
             happen'd
             to
             be
             overcome
             themselves
             't
             wou'd
             however
             be
             more
             glorious
             to
             die
             upon
             the
             spot
             with
             their
             Commander
             .
             The
             Magistrates
             carrying
             it
             thus
             high
             with
             the
             usual
             haughtiness
             of
             
               Spartans
               ,
               Pausanias
            
             ,
             who
             was
             more
             calm
             ,
             saw
             't
             was
             too
             difficult
             a
             matter
             to
             think
             of
             routing
             the
             Thebans
             ,
             who
             were
             just
             now
             flush'd
             with
             Victory
             ;
             besides
             if
             this
             cou'd
             have
             been
             done
             ,
             the
             body
             lay
             so
             near
             the
             
             Walls
             ,
             that
             it
             cou'd
             not
             easily
             be
             bore
             off
             without
             a
             truce
             ,
             so
             he
             immediately
             dispatch'd
             an
             Herauld
             ,
             obtain'd
             a
             Treaty
             ;
             drew
             back
             his
             Forces
             ,
             carri'd
             away
             Lysander
             ,
             and
             buri'd
             him
             in
             the
             Country
             of
             his
             Friends
             ,
             the
             Panopeans
             .
             His
             Monument
             is
             still
             to
             be
             seen
             in
             the
             Road
             from
             Delphos
             to
             Chaeronea
             ,
             where
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             for
             some
             time
             took
             up
             their
             quarters
             ,
             and
             while
             they
             staid
             there
             ,
             one
             of
             Phocis
             giving
             an
             account
             of
             the
             Battel
             to
             one
             of
             his
             Companions
             ,
             said
             ,
             The
             Enemy
             fell
             upon
             'em
             ,
             after
             Lysander
             had
             pass'd
             Ophlites
             .
             A
             Spartan
             ,
             Lysander's
             Friend
             that
             stood
             by
             ,
             having
             not
             heard
             of
             that
             name
             ,
             ask'd
             what
             Ophlites
             he
             meant
             ,
             and
             yet
             says
             the
             Phocian
             that's
             the
             place
             where
             we
             lost
             our
             bravest
             men
             ,
             't
             is
             the
             River
             that
             runs
             by
             the
             City
             .
             The
             Spartan
             immediately
             wept
             and
             broke
             out
             into
             this
             expression
             ,
             O
             how
             unavoidable
             are
             the
             decrees
             of
             Fate
             !
             For
             it
             seems
             the
             Oracle
             had
             pronounced
             this
             to
             Lysander
             .
          
           
             
               Take
               care
               to
               shun
               Ophlites
               watery
               Field
               ,
            
             
               And
               him
               who
               bears
               a
               Dragon
               in
               his
               Shield
               .
            
          
           
             Some
             indeed
             say
             Ophlites
             doth
             not
             run
             to
             Haliartus
             ,
             but
             is
             a
             River
             near
             Coronea
             ,
             which
             mix'd
             with
             the
             River
             Phliarus
             passes
             along
             to
             that
             City
             .
             'T
             was
             formerly
             call'd
             
             Oplias
             ,
             but
             now
             't
             is
             known
             by
             the
             name
             of
             
               Isomantus
               .
               Neocorus
            
             the
             Haliartian
             who
             kill'd
             Lysander
             ,
             bore
             a
             Dragon
             in
             his
             Shield
             ,
             and
             't
             is
             probable
             that
             this
             was
             signifi'd
             by
             the
             Oracle
             .
          
           
             'T
             is
             reported
             there
             was
             an
             Oracle
             concerning
             the
             Thebans
             in
             the
             Peloponnesian
             War
             ,
             which
             foretold
             the
             Battel
             at
             Delium
             ,
             and
             this
             at
             Haliartus
             ,
             though
             this
             hapned
             thirty
             years
             after
             .
             The
             Oracle
             runs
             thus
             .
          
           
             
               Don't
               follow
               in
               your
               chase
               the
               eager
               Hound
            
             
               Vpon
               the
               Confines
               ,
               fly
               th
               
                 '
                 Orchalian
              
               Ground
            
             
               That
               den
               of
               Foxes
               .
            
          
           
             This
             place
             about
             Delium
             he
             calls
             the
             Confines
             ,
             where
             Baeotia
             borders
             upon
             Attica
             ;
             and
             the
             Hill
             Orchalides
             ,
             which
             now
             they
             call
             Alopecon
             ,
             lies
             in
             that
             part
             of
             Haliartus
             ,
             which
             is
             towards
             Helicon
             .
          
           
             The
             Lacedaemonians
             look'd
             upon
             Pausanias
             his
             proceedings
             as
             so
             dishonourable
             to
             a
             Spartan
             General
             ,
             that
             they
             wou'd
             have
             tri'd
             him
             for
             his
             Life
             ,
             but
             he
             durst
             not
             venture
             to
             appear
             ,
             so
             fled
             into
             Tegaea
             ,
             where
             he
             devoted
             himself
             to
             a
             private
             Life
             in
             the
             Temple
             of
             Minerva
             .
          
           
             
             Lysander's
             poverty
             which
             was
             discover'd
             at
             his
             death
             ,
             made
             his
             virtue
             more
             admir'd
             ,
             when
             it
             appear'd
             that
             from
             so
             much
             plenty
             
             and
             power
             ,
             such
             rich
             presents
             from
             so
             many
             Cities
             ,
             which
             were
             under
             his
             Government
             ,
             he
             had
             not
             at
             all
             encreas'd
             the
             wealth
             of
             his
             own
             private
             Family
             .
             This
             is
             observ'd
             by
             Theopompus
             ,
             whom
             we
             may
             sooner
             believe
             when
             he
             commends
             ,
             than
             when
             he
             finds
             fault
             ,
             for
             men
             are
             more
             apt
             to
             discommend
             than
             praise
             .
             Ephorus
             says
             that
             upon
             some
             dispute
             between
             the
             Confederates
             with
             Sparta
             ,
             when
             
             Lysander's
             writings
             were
             to
             be
             examin'd
             ,
             Agesilaus
             was
             order'd
             to
             make
             the
             search
             ,
             who
             finding
             a
             discourse
             of
             
             Lysander's
             concerning
             the
             Government
             ,
             where
             he
             endeavour'd
             to
             show
             how
             advantageous
             't
             wou'd
             be
             to
             the
             Commonwealth
             ,
             if
             the
             right
             of
             succession
             ,
             which
             the
             Family
             of
             the
             Eureutiontidae
             and
             Agiadae
             pretended
             to
             ,
             was
             broke
             ,
             and
             the
             Kingdom
             made
             elective
             .
             This
             discourse
             Agesilaus
             design'd
             to
             publish
             ,
             and
             discover
             by
             that
             means
             what
             sort
             of
             a
             Friend
             Lysander
             was
             to
             'em
             in
             private
             .
             But
             Lacratidas
             a
             wise
             man
             ,
             and
             at
             that
             time
             President
             of
             the
             Council
             ,
             wou'd
             not
             suffer
             him
             so
             basely
             to
             abuse
             a
             great
             General
             's
             memory
             ,
             and
             told
             him
             that
             these
             papers
             which
             were
             so
             plausibly
             and
             ingeniously
             writ
             ,
             deserv'd
             to
             rest
             honourably
             with
             their
             Author
             ,
             and
             that
             't
             was
             inhumane
             to
             dig
             Lysander
             out
             of
             his
             Grave
             .
             The
             Spartans
             bestow'd
             many
             honours
             on
             him
             after
             his
             death
             ,
             amongst
             which
             this
             was
             none
             of
             the
             
             least
             ;
             There
             were
             some
             who
             had
             engag'd
             themselves
             to
             
             Lysander's
             Daughters
             while
             every
             thing
             about
             him
             appear'd
             Rich
             and
             Splendid
             ,
             but
             when
             they
             saw
             how
             poor
             and
             honest
             he
             died
             ,
             they
             broke
             off
             their
             contract
             .
             These
             in
             respect
             to
             
             Lysander's
             memory
             the
             Spartans
             severely
             fin'd
             :
             For
             there
             was
             it
             seems
             in
             Sparta
             a
             Law
             which
             punish'd
             as
             well
             those
             that
             broke
             off
             ,
             or
             deferr'd
             a
             promis'd
             marriage
             ,
             as
             those
             who
             engag'd
             in
             an
             ill
             one
             ,
             and
             this
             Law
             laid
             hold
             on
             those
             chiefly
             who
             endeavour'd
             to
             marry
             into
             rich
             ,
             rather
             than
             good
             Families
             .
             Thus
             we
             have
             faithfully
             related
             all
             the
             Remarkable
             passages
             which
             we
             cou'd
             gather
             of
             
             Lysander's
             Life
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             THE
             LIFE
             OF
             L.
             C.
             SYLLA
             .
          
           
             Englished
             from
             the
             Greek
             ,
             By
             
               William
               Davies
            
             ,
             Fellow
             of
             Trinity
             College
             in
             Cambridge
             .
          
           
             VOLUME
             III.
             
          
           
             
               LVcius
               Cornelius
               Sylla
            
             was
             descended
             of
             a
             Patrician
             or
             Noble
             Family
             .
             Of
             his
             Ancestors
             ,
             Rufinus
             ,
             they
             say
             ,
             had
             been
             Consul
             ,
             and
             that
             his
             Honour
             met
             with
             a
             more
             signal
             disgrace
             :
             For
             being
             found
             possessed
             of
             Plate
             ,
             to
             the
             value
             of
             above
             ten
             pounds
             more
             than
             the
             Law
             allowed
             ,
             he
             was
             thereupon
             put
             out
             of
             the
             Senate
             .
             His
             Posterity
             have
             lain
             ever
             since
             in
             obscurity
             ,
             nor
             had
             Sylla
             himself
             any
             such
             splendid
             Education
             .
          
           
             
               SYLLA
               .
            
             
               
                 ●e
                 Sylla
                 lays
                 his
                 Arms
                 and
                 Empire
                 down
              
               
                 quits
                 his
                 power
                 ,
                 and
                 takes
                 a
                 private
                 gown
              
               
                 ●imple
                 strange
                 !
                 and
                 which
                 we
                 scarce
                 beleive
                 ;
              
               
                 ●●erce
                 Tyrants
                 sheath
                 their
                 swords
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 they
                 live
                 !
              
            
          
           
           
           
             In
             his
             younger
             days
             he
             dwelt
             in
             hired
             Lodgings
             ,
             for
             which
             he
             paid
             but
             a
             very
             small
             rate
             ,
             insomuch
             as
             in
             after-times
             it
             was
             upbraided
             to
             him
             as
             one
             who
             had
             been
             fortunate
             above
             his
             Quality
             .
             And
             as
             he
             was
             boasting
             and
             magnifying
             himself
             for
             his
             Exploits
             in
             Libya
             ,
             a
             Person
             of
             Worth
             and
             Ingenuity
             made
             answer
             ;
             
               And
               how
               canst
               Thou
               be
               an
               honest
               man
               ,
               who
               since
               the
               death
               of
               a
               Father
               ,
               who
               left
               thee
               nothing
               ,
               hast
               purchased
               so
               much
               ?
            
             The
             then
             present
             Age
             was
             not
             absolutely
             an
             Age
             of
             clean
             and
             upright
             manners
             ,
             but
             was
             already
             declin'd
             and
             fallen
             in
             love
             with
             Riches
             and
             Luxury
             :
             however
             then
             ,
             in
             this
             Gentleman's
             Opinion
             ,
             they
             who
             had
             deserted
             the
             Ancient
             Hereditary
             meanness
             of
             their
             Family
             ,
             were
             as
             much
             to
             blame
             as
             those
             who
             had
             run
             out
             a
             fair
             Estate
             .
             And
             after
             ,
             when
             he
             had
             seized
             the
             Power
             into
             his
             hands
             and
             slew
             many
             ,
             a
             Freeman
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             being
             suspected
             to
             have
             concealed
             one
             of
             the
             Proscribed
             ,
             and
             for
             that
             reason
             sentenced
             to
             be
             cast
             headlong
             down
             the
             Tarpeian
             Rock
             ,
             in
             a
             reproachful
             way
             ,
             recounted
             ,
             how
             that
             they
             had
             lived
             long
             together
             in
             familiar
             converse
             under
             the
             same
             Roof
             ,
             himself
             for
             the
             upper
             Rooms
             paying
             two
             thousand
             Sesterces
             ,
             and
             Sylla
             for
             the
             lower
             three
             thousand
             ;
             so
             as
             the
             difference
             between
             their
             Fortunes
             then
             was
             no
             more
             but
             one
             thousand
             Sesterces
             ,
             which
             in
             Attick
             Coin
             give
             two
             
             hundred
             and
             fifty
             Drachma's
             .
             And
             thus
             
             much
             of
             his
             Original
             .
          
           
             His
             other
             shape
             of
             Body
             appears
             by
             his
             Statues
             ,
             only
             his
             grey
             Eyes
             ,
             of
             themselves
             extream
             fierce
             and
             glaring
             ,
             the
             complexion
             of
             his
             face
             rendred
             yet
             more
             formidable
             to
             look
             on
             ,
             for
             it
             brake
             out
             into
             red
             fiery
             Pimples
             ,
             intermixt
             here
             and
             there
             with
             spots
             of
             white
             .
             Hence
             ,
             by
             report
             ,
             he
             was
             surnamed
             Sylla
             ,
             in
             allusion
             to
             which
             an
             Athenian
             Droll
             cast
             out
             this
             Scoff
             in
             Verse
             ,
          
           
             
             Sylla's
             a
             Mulberry
             drudg'd
             o'er
             with
             Meal
             .
          
           
             Nor
             is
             it
             improper
             to
             make
             use
             of
             such
             remarks
             as
             these
             ,
             in
             the
             decyphering
             of
             a
             Person
             ,
             who
             by
             Nature
             was
             so
             addicted
             to
             raillery
             ,
             as
             in
             his
             youthful
             obscurer
             years
             he
             would
             converse
             freely
             with
             Mimicks
             and
             Jesters
             ,
             and
             accompany
             them
             in
             all
             their
             wild
             Fegaries
             .
             And
             ,
             when
             Lord
             of
             All
             ,
             he
             was
             often
             wont
             to
             muster
             together
             the
             most
             impudent
             Stage-Players
             and
             merry
             Fellows
             of
             the
             Town
             ,
             to
             drink
             with
             ,
             and
             play
             Prizes
             of
             Wit
             ,
             without
             seasonable
             regard
             had
             to
             his
             Age
             ,
             or
             Dignity
             of
             his
             Place
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             prejudice
             of
             other
             important
             Affairs
             .
             At
             hours
             of
             refreshment
             it
             was
             not
             in
             
             Sylla's
             Nature
             to
             admit
             of
             any
             thing
             that
             was
             serious
             ,
             and
             though
             at
             other
             times
             he
             was
             a
             man
             of
             business
             ,
             and
             somewhat
             austere
             of
             
             countenance
             ,
             yet
             would
             he
             alter
             so
             ,
             all
             of
             a
             sudden
             ,
             at
             his
             first
             entrance
             upon
             Wine
             and
             good
             Fellowship
             ,
             as
             to
             Minstrels
             and
             Danceing-women
             he
             became
             tractable
             ,
             and
             to
             all
             sorts
             of
             humours
             pliant
             and
             condescending
             .
             The
             cause
             of
             this
             loose
             distemper
             in
             him
             ,
             could
             be
             no
             other
             than
             Nature
             her self
             ,
             ever
             prone
             to
             love
             and
             violently
             breaking
             forth
             into
             all
             manner
             of
             voluptuousness
             ,
             from
             which
             in
             his
             old
             Age
             he
             could
             not
             refrain
             .
             He
             constantly
             from
             his
             youth
             affected
             Macrobius
             ,
             the
             Player
             .
             In
             his
             first
             Amours
             it
             happ'ned
             ,
             that
             he
             made
             court
             to
             a
             common
             but
             rich
             Lady
             ,
             Nicopolis
             by
             Name
             ,
             and
             what
             by
             the
             air
             of
             his
             Youth
             ,
             and
             what
             by
             an
             agreeable
             behaviour
             ,
             won
             so
             far
             on
             her
             Affections
             in
             Quality
             of
             a
             Gallant
             ,
             as
             dying
             she
             bequeathed
             him
             her
             whole
             Substance
             ;
             he
             likewise
             inherited
             the
             Estate
             of
             a
             Mother-in-law
             ,
             who
             loved
             him
             as
             her
             own
             Son.
             By
             these
             means
             he
             had
             pretty
             well
             advanced
             his
             Fortunes
             .
          
           
             He
             was
             chosen
             Questor
             to
             Marius
             in
             his
             first
             Consulship
             ,
             and
             set
             sail
             with
             him
             for
             Africa
             ,
             to
             War
             upon
             Jugurtha
             .
             Here
             as
             to
             other
             Points
             he
             approved
             himself
             to
             all
             men
             ,
             but
             more
             especially
             ,
             by
             closing
             in
             dexterously
             with
             an
             accidental
             occasion
             ,
             made
             a
             Friend
             of
             Bocchus
             King
             of
             Numidia
             .
             For
             having
             honourably
             entertained
             the
             King's
             Embassadors
             ,
             after
             their
             escape
             from
             Numidian
             
             Robbers
             ,
             he
             sent
             them
             on
             their
             Journey
             with
             Presents
             and
             a
             safe
             Convoy
             .
             As
             for
             Bocchus
             ,
             he
             had
             long
             since
             hated
             and
             dreaded
             his
             Son-in-law
             ,
             Jugurtha
             ,
             who
             at
             that
             time
             had
             been
             worsted
             in
             the
             Field
             ,
             and
             fled
             to
             him
             for
             shelter
             :
             Wherefore
             spying
             his
             opportunity
             ,
             he
             called
             Sylla
             in
             ,
             as
             chusing
             by
             him
             ,
             rather
             than
             by
             himself
             ,
             to
             make
             seizure
             and
             delivery
             of
             
               Jugurtha
               .
               Sylla
            
             ,
             when
             he
             had
             communicated
             the
             business
             to
             Marius
             ,
             and
             received
             from
             him
             a
             small
             Detachment
             ,
             put
             himself
             on
             imminent
             danger
             ;
             for
             confiding
             in
             a
             Barbarian
             ,
             and
             one
             who
             had
             been
             unfaithful
             to
             his
             own
             Relations
             ,
             out
             of
             desire
             to
             apprehend
             another
             man's
             Person
             ,
             he
             made
             surrender
             of
             his
             own
             .
             Bocchus
             ,
             having
             both
             of
             them
             now
             in
             his
             power
             ,
             was
             necessitated
             to
             betray
             one
             or
             other
             ,
             and
             after
             long
             debate
             with
             himself
             ,
             at
             last
             resolved
             on
             his
             first
             Design
             ,
             and
             gave
             up
             Jugurtha
             into
             the
             hands
             of
             Sylla
             .
          
           
             For
             this
             Marius
             Triumphed
             ,
             but
             the
             Glory
             of
             the
             Enterprize
             ,
             which
             the
             conscious
             Envy
             of
             Marius
             thought
             due
             to
             Sylla
             ,
             grieved
             him
             inwardly
             .
             And
             the
             truth
             on
             it
             is
             ,
             Sylla
             himself
             was
             by
             Nature
             vain-glorious
             ,
             and
             this
             being
             the
             first
             time
             ,
             that
             from
             a
             low
             and
             private
             condition
             he
             had
             risen
             to
             Esteem
             amongst
             the
             Citizens
             ,
             and
             tasted
             of
             Honour
             ,
             his
             Ambition
             bore
             him
             up
             higher
             to
             such
             a
             pitch
             of
             Ostentation
             ,
             as
             to
             cause
             
             the
             Figure
             of
             this
             Action
             to
             be
             engraved
             on
             a
             Signet
             ,
             which
             he
             made
             use
             of
             ever
             after
             .
             The
             Impress
             was
             ,
             Bocchus
             
               delivering
               and
            
             Sylla
             
               receiving
               of
            
             Jugurtha
             .
             This
             toucht
             Marius
             to
             the
             quick
             ,
             however
             judging
             Sylla
             to
             be
             below
             a
             Rival
             ,
             he
             made
             use
             of
             him
             as
             Lieutenant-General
             in
             his
             second
             Consulship
             ,
             and
             in
             his
             third
             ,
             as
             Tribune
             .
             And
             by
             his
             means
             were
             many
             considerable
             Services
             done
             .
             In
             his
             Lieutenant-Generalship
             he
             took
             Copillus
             ,
             Chief
             of
             the
             Tectosages
             ,
             Prisoner
             ,
             and
             compelled
             the
             Marsians
             ,
             a
             great
             and
             populous
             Nation
             ,
             to
             become
             Friends
             and
             Confederates
             of
             the
             Romans
             .
          
           
             From
             henceforward
             Sylla
             perceiving
             that
             Marius
             bore
             a
             jealous
             eye
             over
             him
             ,
             and
             would
             no
             longer
             afford
             him
             opportunities
             of
             Action
             ,
             but
             rather
             opposed
             his
             growth
             ,
             he
             applied
             himself
             to
             
               Catulus
               ,
               Marius
            
             his
             Collegue
             ,
             a
             brave
             man
             ,
             only
             somewhat
             unactive
             as
             to
             War.
             Under
             this
             General
             ,
             who
             entrusted
             him
             with
             the
             chiefest
             and
             greatest
             Commands
             ,
             it
             came
             to
             pass
             ,
             that
             ,
             together
             with
             Glory
             ,
             he
             arrived
             at
             Power
             .
             He
             subdued
             by
             Arms
             most
             part
             of
             the
             
               Alpine
               Barbarians
            
             .
             There
             happ'ning
             a
             scarcity
             in
             the
             Armies
             ,
             he
             took
             that
             care
             upon
             himself
             ,
             and
             brought
             in
             such
             store
             of
             Provisions
             ,
             as
             not
             only
             to
             refresh
             the
             Soldiers
             of
             Catulus
             with
             Plenty
             ,
             but
             likewise
             to
             supply
             Marius
             .
             This
             ,
             as
             he
             writes
             himself
             ,
             struck
             Marius
             to
             the
             
             very
             Heart
             .
             So
             slight
             and
             childish
             was
             the
             first
             beginning
             and
             rise
             of
             that
             Enmity
             between
             them
             ,
             which
             nourished
             with
             Civil
             Blood
             and
             endless
             Divisions
             ,
             grew
             up
             to
             Tyranny
             ,
             and
             the
             Confusion
             of
             the
             whole
             State.
             This
             argues
             Eurypides
             to
             be
             a
             wise
             Man
             ,
             and
             well
             skilled
             in
             the
             Distempers
             of
             the
             Body
             Politick
             ,
             in
             that
             he
             forewarned
             all
             Men
             to
             beware
             of
             Ambition
             ,
             as
             the
             most
             destructive
             and
             pernicious
             Goddess
             to
             those
             who
             consult
             her
             .
          
           
             Sylla
             by
             this
             time
             thinking
             that
             the
             Reputation
             of
             his
             Arms
             abroad
             was
             sufficient
             to
             entitle
             him
             to
             part
             of
             the
             Civil
             Administration
             ,
             betook
             himself
             immediately
             from
             the
             Camp
             to
             the
             Assembly
             ,
             and
             fell
             a
             canvassing
             for
             a
             Pretorship
             ,
             but
             lost
             it
             .
             The
             fault
             of
             this
             disappointment
             he
             wholly
             ascribes
             to
             the
             People
             ,
             who
             knowing
             his
             intimacy
             with
             King
             Bocchus
             ,
             and
             for
             that
             reason
             expecting
             ,
             that
             if
             he
             was
             made
             Aedile
             before
             his
             Pretorship
             ,
             that
             he
             would
             then
             shew
             them
             noble
             Game
             ,
             and
             the
             Encounters
             of
             Lybian
             Beasts
             ,
             chose
             other
             Pretors
             ,
             on
             purpose
             to
             force
             him
             on
             the
             Aedileship
             .
             The
             vanity
             of
             this
             Pretext
             was
             sufficiently
             disproved
             by
             matter
             of
             fact
             .
             For
             the
             year
             following
             ,
             partly
             by
             stroaking
             the
             People
             with
             fair
             Words
             ,
             and
             partly
             by
             Money
             ,
             he
             got
             himself
             elected
             Pretor
             .
             Wherefore
             carrying
             the
             Place
             ,
             and
             withal
             hastily
             telling
             
             Caesar
             ,
             that
             against
             him
             he
             should
             make
             use
             of
             his
             Own
             Authority
             ,
             Caesar
             smilingly
             replied
             ,
             
               You
               do
               well
               to
               call
               it
               your
               Own
               ;
               for
               you
               have
               bought
               it
               .
            
             At
             the
             end
             of
             his
             Pretorship
             he
             was
             sent
             over
             into
             Cappadocia
             ,
             with
             a
             specious
             pretence
             ,
             to
             re-establish
             Ariobarzanes
             in
             his
             Kingdom
             ,
             but
             in
             reality
             to
             give
             check
             to
             the
             growing
             Power
             of
             Mithridates
             ,
             a
             mighty
             stirring
             Prince
             ,
             who
             had
             already
             invested
             himself
             in
             as
             vast
             a
             new-acquired
             Power
             and
             Dominion
             ,
             as
             was
             that
             of
             his
             ancient
             Inheritance
             .
             He
             carried
             over
             with
             him
             no
             great
             Forces
             of
             his
             own
             ,
             but
             making
             use
             of
             the
             chearful
             supply
             of
             the
             Confederates
             ,
             flung
             out
             Gordius
             ,
             with
             huge
             Slaughter
             of
             the
             Cappadocians
             ,
             more
             especially
             of
             the
             Armenian
             Succours
             ,
             and
             declared
             Ariobarzanes
             King.
             
          
           
             During
             his
             stay
             on
             the
             Banks
             of
             Euphrates
             
             there
             came
             unto
             him
             Orabazus
             ,
             a
             Parthian
             ,
             in
             quality
             of
             Ambassador
             from
             King
             Arsaces
             ,
             whereas
             yet
             there
             had
             been
             no
             Correspondence
             between
             both
             Nations
             .
             And
             this
             we
             may
             lay
             to
             the
             account
             of
             
             Sylla's
             Felicity
             ,
             that
             he
             should
             be
             the
             first
             Roman
             to
             whom
             the
             Parthians
             made
             address
             for
             Alliance
             and
             Friendship
             .
             At
             the
             time
             of
             Reception
             ,
             having
             ordered
             three
             Chairs
             of
             State
             to
             be
             set
             ,
             one
             for
             Ariobarzanes
             ,
             one
             for
             Orobazus
             ,
             and
             a
             third
             for
             himself
             ,
             he
             placed
             himself
             in
             the
             midst
             and
             gave
             Audience
             :
             
             For
             which
             the
             King
             of
             Parthia
             afterwards
             put
             Orobazus
             to
             death
             .
             Some
             People
             commended
             Sylla
             for
             his
             lofty
             carriage
             towards
             the
             Barbarians
             :
             Others
             again
             accused
             him
             of
             Arrogance
             and
             unseasonable
             Ambition
             .
             It
             is
             reported
             ,
             that
             a
             certain
             Chalcidian
             ,
             of
             Orobazus
             his
             Retinue
             ,
             looking
             Sylla
             wistfully
             in
             the
             Face
             ,
             and
             observing
             judicially
             the
             Motions
             of
             his
             Soul
             and
             Body
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             Rules
             of
             Art
             ,
             should
             say
             ,
             
               That
               it
               was
               impossible
               for
               him
               not
               to
               be
               the
               greatest
               Man
               ,
               or
               rather
               a
               wonder
               how
               he
               could
               eventhen
               abstain
               from
               being
               Head
               of
               all
               .
            
          
           
             At
             his
             return
             Censorinus
             impeach'd
             him
             of
             Extortion
             ,
             for
             drawing
             a
             vast
             sum
             of
             Money
             from
             a
             well
             affected
             and
             associate
             Kingdom
             .
             However
             Censorinus
             appeared
             not
             at
             the
             Tryal
             ,
             but
             let
             fall
             his
             Accusation
             .
             The
             quarrel
             between
             Sylla
             and
             Marius
             began
             to
             break
             out
             afresh
             ,
             receiving
             new
             life
             from
             the
             Ambition
             of
             Bocchus
             ,
             who
             to
             please
             the
             People
             of
             Rome
             ,
             and
             gratifie
             Sylla
             ,
             set
             up
             in
             the
             Temple
             of
             
               Jupiter
               Capitolinus
            
             consecrated
             Images
             of
             Victory
             ,
             and
             withal
             a
             Golden
             Jugurtha
             ,
             in
             posture
             as
             he
             was
             delivered
             by
             him
             to
             Sylla
             :
             but
             as
             Marius
             attempted
             to
             pull
             them
             down
             in
             a
             rage
             ,
             and
             others
             were
             aiding
             to
             Sylla
             ,
             the
             City
             had
             like
             to
             have
             taken
             fire
             by
             that
             violent
             Commotion
             ,
             had
             not
             the
             Confederate-War
             ,
             which
             lay
             long
             a
             smothering
             ,
             
             blaz'd
             forth
             at
             last
             ,
             and
             respited
             the
             Sedition
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             course
             of
             this
             War
             ,
             which
             had
             many
             great
             Revolutions
             ,
             and
             which
             shockt
             the
             Romans
             most
             ,
             and
             endangered
             the
             very
             being
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             ,
             Marius
             was
             not
             able
             to
             signalize
             his
             Valour
             in
             any
             action
             ,
             but
             left
             behind
             him
             a
             clear
             proof
             ,
             that
             a
             warlike
             Spirit
             stands
             in
             need
             of
             a
             strong
             and
             vigorous
             Body
             .
             Sylla
             ,
             on
             the
             other
             hand
             ,
             by
             his
             extraordinary
             Deeds
             ,
             got
             the
             name
             of
             a
             great
             Commander
             amongst
             the
             Citizens
             ,
             of
             the
             greatest
             amongst
             his
             Friends
             ,
             and
             the
             most
             fortunate
             amongst
             his
             Adversaries
             .
             Nor
             made
             this
             the
             like
             Impression
             on
             him
             ,
             as
             it
             made
             on
             the
             Spirits
             of
             Timotheus
             the
             Son
             of
             Conon
             ,
             an
             Athenian
             ,
             who
             ,
             when
             his
             Adversaries
             had
             pictured
             him
             asleep
             ,
             and
             Fortune
             by
             his
             side
             ,
             casting
             her
             nets
             over
             Cities
             ,
             rag'd
             and
             storm'd
             at
             those
             who
             did
             it
             ,
             as
             if
             by
             ascribing
             his
             successes
             to
             Fortune
             ,
             they
             had
             rob'd
             him
             of
             his
             just
             honours
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             People
             at
             his
             return
             from
             the
             Wars
             ,
             said
             ,
             
               And
               in
               this
               ,
               ye
               men
               of
            
             Athens
             ,
             
               Fortune
               had
               no
               part
            
             .
             For
             this
             high
             presumption
             of
             his
             ,
             the
             Goddess
             grew
             so
             perversely
             cross
             ,
             that
             from
             that
             time
             he
             was
             never
             able
             to
             compass
             any
             thing
             that
             was
             great
             ,
             but
             proving
             altogether
             unfortunate
             in
             his
             attempts
             ,
             and
             falling
             into
             discredit
             with
             the
             People
             ,
             was
             at
             last
             banisht
             the
             City
             .
          
           
           
             Sylla
             on
             the
             contrary
             would
             not
             only
             having
             frankly
             acknowledged
             such
             Divine
             Felicities
             and
             Favours
             ,
             but
             withal
             magnifying
             and
             extolling
             what
             was
             done
             to
             the
             Skies
             ,
             had
             plac'd
             it
             all
             to
             Fortune
             ,
             whether
             out
             of
             haughty
             purpose
             ,
             or
             a
             real
             sense
             of
             the
             Deity
             .
             He
             remarks
             ,
             in
             his
             Memoirs
             ,
             that
             of
             all
             his
             well-advised
             Actions
             ,
             none
             proved
             so
             lucky
             in
             the
             Execution
             ,
             as
             what
             on
             a
             sudden
             he
             had
             boldly
             enterprized
             .
             And
             in
             that
             Character
             which
             he
             gives
             of
             himself
             ,
             
               That
               he
               was
               born
               for
               Fortune
               rather
               than
               War
               ,
            
             he
             seems
             to
             attribute
             more
             to
             his
             Fortune
             than
             Valour
             .
             In
             short
             ,
             he
             makes
             himself
             entirely
             the
             creature
             of
             Fortune
             ,
             accounting
             even
             his
             unanimous
             agreement
             with
             Metellus
             ,
             a
             man
             of
             equal
             Authority
             with
             himself
             ,
             and
             his
             Father-in-law
             ,
             as
             a
             blessing
             from
             Heaven
             .
             For
             expecting
             to
             have
             met
             in
             him
             a
             turbulent
             ,
             he
             found
             a
             quiet
             Collegue
             .
             Moreover
             ,
             in
             those
             Memoirs
             which
             he
             hath
             dedicated
             to
             Lucullus
             ,
             he
             admonisheth
             him
             to
             esteem
             nothing
             more
             solid
             ,
             than
             what
             the
             Gods
             should
             advise
             him
             in
             a
             Vision
             by
             Night
             .
             And
             when
             he
             was
             sent
             forth
             with
             an
             Army
             to
             the
             Confederate-War
             ,
             he
             relates
             ,
             how
             that
             the
             Earth
             about
             Laverna
             opened
             wide
             ,
             and
             from
             thence
             issued
             much
             fire
             ,
             shooting
             forth
             a
             bright
             flame
             up
             to
             the
             Heavens
             .
             The
             Southsayers
             upon
             this
             foretold
             ,
             that
             
             a
             valiant
             Person
             of
             rare
             and
             singular
             aspect
             ,
             should
             take
             the
             Government
             in
             hand
             ,
             and
             quiet
             the
             present
             troubles
             of
             the
             City
             .
             Sylla
             affirm'd
             ,
             he
             was
             the
             man
             ,
             for
             he
             had
             that
             about
             him
             which
             was
             extraordinary
             ,
             
               a
               golden
               head
               of
               hair
            
             ;
             nor
             was
             he
             asham'd
             openly
             to
             attest
             his
             Valour
             ,
             after
             so
             great
             and
             gallant
             performances
             .
             And
             thus
             much
             of
             his
             opinion
             of
             the
             Gods.
             
          
           
             As
             to
             the
             rest
             of
             his
             conditions
             ,
             he
             was
             an
             irregular
             sort
             of
             man
             ,
             inconsistent
             with
             himself
             :
             much
             given
             to
             Rapine
             ,
             to
             Prodigality
             much
             more
             :
             in
             promoting
             or
             disgracing
             whom
             he
             pleased
             ,
             alike
             unaccountable
             :
             cringing
             to
             those
             he
             stood
             in
             need
             of
             ,
             and
             domineering
             over
             others
             who
             stood
             in
             need
             of
             him
             ;
             so
             that
             it
             was
             hard
             to
             tell
             ,
             whether
             his
             Nature
             had
             more
             in
             it
             of
             disdain
             or
             flattery
             .
             As
             to
             his
             unequal
             distribution
             of
             punishments
             ,
             when
             upon
             slight
             grounds
             he
             would
             put
             to
             the
             torture
             ,
             and
             again
             bear
             gently
             with
             the
             greatest
             Crimes
             ,
             and
             receive
             into
             grace
             the
             most
             hainous
             Transgressors
             upon
             easie
             terms
             ,
             but
             small
             and
             inconsiderable
             offences
             chastise
             with
             Death
             ,
             and
             Confiscation
             of
             Goods
             ;
             one
             might
             from
             hence
             judge
             ,
             that
             in
             himself
             he
             was
             really
             of
             a
             bitter
             revengeful
             Nature
             ,
             which
             however
             he
             could
             qualifie
             ,
             upon
             reason
             of
             Interest
             .
             In
             this
             very
             Confederate-War
             ,
             when
             the
             Soldiers
             with
             Stones
             
             and
             Clubs
             ,
             had
             killed
             a
             chief
             Commander
             ,
             his
             own
             Legate
             ,
             Albinus
             by
             name
             ,
             he
             passed
             by
             such
             horrid
             indignity
             without
             taking
             Cognizance
             ,
             giving
             it
             out
             moreover
             in
             a
             boast
             ,
             that
             hereafter
             he
             should
             have
             the
             Soldiers
             more
             intent
             upon
             the
             War
             ,
             to
             repair
             their
             breach
             of
             Discipline
             ,
             by
             some
             notable
             piece
             of
             service
             ;
             nor
             took
             he
             notice
             of
             the
             clamours
             of
             those
             that
             cried
             for
             Justice
             ,
             but
             casting
             in
             mind
             ,
             how
             to
             crush
             Marius
             ,
             now
             that
             he
             saw
             the
             Confederate-War
             to
             be
             at
             an
             end
             ,
             he
             made
             much
             of
             the
             Army
             ,
             in
             hopes
             to
             get
             himself
             declared
             General
             of
             the
             Forces
             against
             Mithridates
             .
          
           
             At
             his
             return
             to
             Rome
             he
             was
             chosen
             Consul
             with
             
               Quintus
               Pompeius
            
             ,
             in
             the
             fiftieth
             year
             of
             his
             Age
             ▪
             and
             then
             he
             took
             to
             Wife
             ,
             the
             Illustrious
             Lady
             Cecilia
             ,
             Daughter
             to
             Metellus
             ,
             the
             Chief
             Priest
             .
             The
             common
             People
             made
             Sonnets
             on
             the
             Marriage
             ,
             and
             many
             of
             the
             Nobility
             were
             disgusted
             at
             it
             ,
             esteeming
             him
             ,
             as
             Livy
             writes
             ,
             unworthy
             of
             the
             Lady
             ,
             whom
             before
             they
             thought
             worthy
             of
             a
             Consulship
             .
             This
             was
             not
             his
             only
             Wife
             ,
             for
             first
             in
             his
             younger
             days
             he
             was
             joined
             to
             Ilia
             ,
             by
             whom
             he
             had
             a
             Daughter
             ;
             after
             her
             to
             Aelia
             ,
             and
             then
             to
             Caelia
             ,
             whom
             he
             dismissed
             as
             Barren
             ,
             but
             with
             respect
             and
             a
             good
             report
             ,
             adding
             moreover
             Presents
             .
             The
             
             Match
             between
             him
             and
             Metella
             falling
             out
             a
             few
             days
             after
             ,
             gave
             suspicion
             that
             he
             had
             wrongfully
             accused
             Caelia
             :
             he
             was
             evermore
             indulgent
             to
             Metella
             ,
             insomuch
             as
             when
             he
             refused
             to
             recal
             the
             banisht
             Marians
             ,
             the
             People
             made
             their
             humble
             application
             to
             Metella
             .
             And
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             it
             's
             thought
             ,
             had
             harder
             measure
             ,
             at
             the
             Sacking
             of
             the
             Town
             ,
             because
             in
             a
             jeering
             way
             ,
             they
             had
             affronted
             Metella
             from
             off
             the
             Walls
             .
             But
             of
             this
             hereafter
             .
          
           
             At
             present
             esteeming
             the
             Consulship
             but
             small
             in
             Comparison
             of
             things
             to
             come
             ,
             he
             was
             impatiently
             carried
             on
             in
             thought
             to
             the
             Mithridatick
             War.
             Here
             he
             was
             withstood
             by
             Marius
             ,
             who
             out
             of
             mad
             affectation
             of
             Glory
             ,
             and
             thirst
             of
             Empire
             ,
             those
             never
             dying
             Passions
             ,
             though
             he
             were
             broken
             in
             Body
             ,
             and
             insufficient
             for
             the
             last
             services
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             his
             Age
             ,
             yet
             still
             coveted
             after
             Foreign
             and
             Transmarine
             Wars
             ;
             and
             whilst
             Sylla
             was
             departed
             for
             the
             Camp
             ,
             to
             order
             the
             rest
             of
             his
             Affairs
             there
             ,
             sate
             brooding
             at
             home
             ,
             and
             at
             last
             hatcht
             that
             execrable
             Sedition
             ,
             which
             wrought
             Rome
             more
             mischief
             ,
             than
             all
             her
             Enemies
             together
             could
             have
             done
             ,
             as
             was
             foretold
             by
             the
             Gods.
             For
             a
             flame
             broke
             forth
             of
             its
             own
             accord
             ,
             from
             under
             the
             staves
             of
             their
             Ensigns
             ,
             and
             was
             hard
             to
             be
             extinguisht
             .
             Three
             Ravens
             brought
             forth
             their
             young
             
             and
             eat
             them
             ,
             carrying
             the
             reliques
             into
             the
             Nest
             again
             .
             Mice
             having
             gnawed
             the
             Consecrated
             Gold
             of
             the
             Temple
             ,
             the
             Aediles
             took
             one
             Female
             in
             a
             trap
             ,
             but
             she
             bringing
             forth
             five
             young
             ones
             in
             the
             very
             trap
             ,
             devoured
             three
             of
             them
             .
             But
             what
             was
             greatest
             of
             all
             ,
             in
             a
             calm
             and
             clear
             sky
             there
             was
             heard
             the
             sound
             of
             a
             Trumpet
             ,
             but
             with
             such
             a
             strong
             and
             dismal
             blast
             ,
             as
             struck
             terror
             and
             amazement
             into
             the
             hearts
             of
             the
             People
             .
             The
             Hetruscane
             Sages
             affirmed
             ,
             that
             this
             Prodigy
             betok'ned
             the
             mutation
             of
             the
             Age
             ,
             and
             revolution
             of
             the
             whole
             Universe
             .
             For
             according
             to
             them
             there
             be
             in
             all
             eight
             Ages
             ,
             differing
             one
             from
             another
             in
             Lives
             and
             Conversation
             ,
             and
             to
             each
             of
             these
             God
             has
             allotted
             a
             certain
             measure
             of
             times
             ,
             determined
             by
             the
             Circuit
             of
             the
             great
             year
             ;
             when
             one
             Age
             is
             run
             out
             ,
             at
             the
             approach
             of
             another
             ,
             there
             appears
             some
             wonderful
             sign
             from
             Earth
             or
             Heaven
             ,
             as
             is
             plain
             to
             those
             who
             have
             made
             it
             their
             business
             to
             study
             such
             things
             ,
             that
             there
             has
             succeeded
             in
             the
             World
             a
             new
             race
             of
             Men
             ,
             disagreeing
             in
             Customs
             and
             Institutes
             of
             Life
             ,
             and
             more
             or
             less
             regarded
             by
             the
             Gods
             ,
             than
             the
             preceeding
             .
             Amongst
             other
             mighty
             changes
             that
             happen
             ,
             as
             they
             say
             ,
             at
             the
             turn
             of
             Ages
             ,
             even
             the
             Art
             of
             Divination
             grows
             into
             esteem
             sometimes
             ,
             and
             predicts
             certainties
             
             from
             clear
             and
             evident
             tokens
             ,
             sent
             from
             God
             :
             and
             then
             again
             ,
             in
             another
             Generation
             waxes
             as
             low
             to
             a
             decline
             ,
             as
             frivolous
             for
             the
             most
             part
             ,
             taking
             in
             future
             events
             through
             weak
             and
             darksome
             Organs
             .
             This
             was
             the
             Mythology
             of
             the
             Tuscan
             Sages
             ,
             who
             were
             thought
             to
             be
             more
             knowing
             than
             other
             People
             .
             Whilst
             the
             Senate
             sate
             in
             Consultation
             with
             the
             South-sayers
             ,
             concerning
             these
             Prodigies
             ,
             in
             the
             Temple
             of
             Bellona
             ,
             Goddess
             of
             War
             ,
             a
             Sparrow
             came
             flying
             in
             before
             them
             all
             ,
             with
             a
             Grashopper
             in
             the
             mouth
             ;
             and
             part
             she
             let
             fall
             ,
             and
             part
             she
             bore
             away
             .
             The
             Diviners
             doubted
             a
             Commotion
             and
             Dissention
             to
             arise
             between
             the
             Country
             and
             City
             .
             For
             with
             them
             the
             clamorous
             Grashopper
             signifies
             the
             Country
             ,
             and
             Sparrow
             ,
             the
             City
             .
          
           
             Now
             Marius
             join'd
             to
             him
             Sulpitius
             ,
             a
             Fellow
             second
             to
             none
             for
             the
             most
             exquisite
             Villainies
             ,
             so
             as
             we
             need
             not
             enquire
             wherein
             he
             excelled
             others
             ,
             but
             wherein
             he
             excelled
             himself
             in
             Wickedness
             .
             He
             was
             cruel
             ,
             bold
             ,
             rapacious
             ,
             openly
             dishonest
             ,
             and
             throughout
             a
             Rogue
             ,
             making
             sale
             by
             out-cry
             of
             the
             Roman
             Freedom
             to
             Libertines
             and
             Strangers
             ,
             and
             telling
             out
             the
             price
             on
             the
             publick
             Money-tables
             .
             He
             maintained
             three
             thousand
             Sword-men
             ,
             and
             had
             always
             about
             him
             a
             company
             of
             young
             Gentlemen
             ready
             on
             all
             occasions
             ,
             
             whom
             he
             styled
             his
             Antisenatarian-band
             ;
             having
             caused
             a
             Law
             to
             be
             enacted
             ,
             that
             no
             Senator
             should
             contract
             a
             debt
             of
             above
             three
             thousand
             Drachma's
             ,
             he
             himself
             after
             Death
             ,
             was
             found
             indebted
             three
             Millions
             .
             This
             was
             the
             man
             whom
             Marius
             let
             in
             upon
             the
             Commonwealth
             ,
             and
             who
             ordering
             all
             things
             by
             Force
             and
             the
             Sword
             ,
             made
             several
             Ordinances
             of
             dangerous
             consequence
             ,
             and
             amongst
             the
             rest
             ,
             that
             same
             ,
             which
             gave
             to
             Marius
             the
             Conduct
             of
             the
             Mithridatick
             War.
             Upon
             this
             the
             Consuls
             proclaim
             a
             Publick
             Cessation
             of
             business
             ,
             but
             as
             they
             were
             holding
             a
             Senate
             in
             the
             Temple
             of
             Castor
             and
             Pollux
             ,
             he
             let
             loose
             the
             Rabble
             upon
             them
             ,
             and
             amongst
             many
             others
             slew
             Pompey
             ,
             the
             Consuls
             young
             Son
             ,
             in
             the
             
               Forum
               ,
               Pompey
            
             himself
             hardly
             escaping
             in
             the
             Crowd
             .
             But
             Sylla
             being
             closely
             pursued
             into
             the
             House
             of
             Marius
             ,
             was
             forc'd
             to
             come
             forth
             and
             dissolve
             the
             Cessation
             ;
             for
             this
             cause
             Sulpitius
             having
             deposed
             Pompey
             ,
             continu'd
             Sylla
             in
             his
             Consulship
             ,
             only
             the
             Mithridatick
             Expedition
             ,
             that
             he
             conferred
             on
             Marius
             .
          
           
             There
             were
             immediately
             dispatcht
             to
             Nola
             ,
             Tribunes
             ,
             to
             receive
             the
             Army
             ,
             and
             bring
             it
             to
             Marius
             ;
             but
             seeing
             that
             Sylla
             was
             got
             before
             to
             the
             Camp
             ,
             and
             the
             Soldiers
             upon
             hearing
             of
             the
             News
             had
             stoned
             the
             Tribunes
             ,
             Marius
             in
             requital
             ,
             put
             the
             
             Friends
             of
             Sylla
             in
             the
             City
             to
             the
             Sword
             ,
             and
             rifled
             their
             Goods
             .
             The
             People
             were
             all
             up
             in
             a
             hurry
             ,
             shifting
             and
             running
             to
             and
             fro
             ,
             some
             from
             the
             Camp
             to
             the
             City
             ,
             others
             from
             the
             City
             to
             the
             Camp.
             The
             Senate
             ,
             then
             no
             more
             its
             own
             ,
             but
             wholly
             Governed
             by
             the
             Dictates
             of
             Marius
             and
             Sulpitius
             ,
             alarm'd
             at
             the
             report
             of
             Sylla's
             advancing
             his
             Troops
             towards
             the
             City
             ,
             sent
             forth
             two
             of
             the
             Pretors
             ,
             Brutus
             and
             Servilius
             ,
             to
             forbid
             his
             nearer
             approach
             :
             The
             Soldiers
             would
             have
             slain
             these
             Pretors
             in
             a
             fury
             ,
             for
             their
             rough
             Language
             to
             Sylla
             ;
             however
             ,
             breaking
             their
             Rods
             asunder
             ,
             and
             tearing
             off
             their
             Purple
             Robes
             ,
             after
             much
             contumelious
             usage
             ,
             they
             sent
             them
             back
             ,
             to
             the
             sad
             and
             sudden
             dejection
             of
             those
             that
             beheld
             their
             Magistrates
             despoiled
             of
             Pretorian
             Ensigns
             ,
             and
             withal
             declaring
             ,
             that
             things
             were
             now
             manifestly
             come
             to
             a
             Rupture
             and
             past
             cure
             :
             Marius
             put
             himself
             in
             a
             readiness
             ,
             and
             Sylla
             with
             his
             Collegue
             moved
             from
             Nola
             ,
             at
             the
             head
             of
             six
             compleat
             Legions
             ,
             all
             whom
             he
             found
             willing
             to
             march
             up
             directly
             against
             the
             City
             ;
             but
             he
             himself
             as
             yet
             was
             doubtful
             in
             thought
             ,
             and
             apprehensive
             of
             the
             danger
             .
             As
             he
             was
             sacrificing
             ,
             Posthumius
             the
             South-sayer
             having
             inspected
             the
             Entrails
             ,
             stretching
             forth
             both
             hands
             to
             Sylla
             ,
             required
             to
             be
             bound
             and
             kept
             in
             Custody
             
             till
             the
             Battel
             was
             over
             ,
             as
             willing
             if
             they
             had
             not
             speedy
             Success
             ,
             to
             suffer
             the
             utmost
             Punishment
             .
             It
             's
             said
             ,
             that
             there
             appeared
             to
             Sylla
             in
             a
             Dream
             a
             certain
             Goddess
             ,
             whom
             the
             Romans
             learnt
             to
             worship
             from
             the
             Cappadoces
             ,
             whether
             she
             was
             the
             Moon
             ,
             or
             Pallas
             ,
             or
             Bellona
             :
             This
             same
             Goddess
             ,
             to
             his
             thinking
             ,
             stood
             by
             him
             ,
             and
             put
             into
             his
             Hand
             Thunder
             and
             Lightning
             ,
             then
             naming
             his
             Enemies
             one
             by
             one
             ,
             bad
             him
             discharge
             on
             them
             ,
             who
             all
             of
             them
             dropt
             at
             the
             discharge
             ,
             and
             disappeared
             .
             Encouraged
             by
             this
             Vision
             ,
             and
             relating
             the
             same
             to
             this
             Collegue
             ,
             next
             day
             he
             led
             on
             towards
             Rome
             :
             About
             Picinae
             being
             met
             by
             an
             Embassy
             ,
             beseeching
             him
             not
             to
             fall
             on
             of
             a
             sudden
             ,
             in
             the
             heat
             of
             a
             March
             ,
             (
             for
             the
             Senate
             had
             decreed
             to
             do
             him
             all
             the
             right
             imaginable
             )
             he
             consented
             to
             lodge
             on
             the
             place
             ,
             and
             sent
             his
             Officers
             to
             measure
             out
             the
             Ground
             ,
             (
             as
             is
             usual
             )
             for
             a
             Camp
             ;
             so
             as
             the
             Ambassadors
             believing
             it
             ,
             returned
             .
             They
             were
             no
             sooner
             gone
             ,
             but
             he
             sent
             a
             Party
             before
             ,
             under
             the
             Command
             of
             
               Lucius
               Basillus
            
             and
             
               C.
               Mommius
            
             ,
             to
             secure
             the
             City-Gate
             and
             Wall
             on
             the
             side
             of
             the
             Aesculine-hill
             ;
             then
             at
             the
             Heels
             of
             these
             he
             himself
             followed
             with
             all
             speed
             .
             Basillus
             fell
             with
             success
             into
             the
             City
             ,
             but
             the
             unarmed
             Multitude
             pelting
             him
             with
             Stones
             and
             Tiles
             from
             off
             the
             Houses
             ,
             stopt
             
             his
             further
             Progress
             ,
             and
             beat
             him
             back
             to
             the
             Wall.
             Sylla
             by
             this
             time
             was
             come
             up
             ▪
             and
             seeing
             what
             was
             done
             ,
             called
             aloud
             on
             his
             Men
             to
             set
             fire
             to
             the
             Houses
             ,
             and
             taking
             a
             flaming
             Torch
             ,
             he
             himself
             led
             the
             way
             ,
             and
             commanded
             the
             Archers
             to
             make
             use
             of
             their
             Fire-darts
             ,
             letting
             fly
             at
             the
             tops
             of
             Houses
             :
             This
             he
             did
             without
             the
             least
             consideration
             ▪
             all
             enraged
             ,
             and
             yielding
             the
             Conduct
             of
             that
             days
             work
             to
             Passion
             ,
             as
             if
             all
             he
             saw
             were
             Enemies
             ,
             without
             respect
             or
             pity
             either
             to
             Friends
             ,
             Relations
             ,
             or
             Acquaintance
             ,
             he
             went
             on
             by
             Fire
             ,
             which
             knows
             no
             distinction
             betwixt
             Friend
             or
             foe
             .
          
           
             In
             this
             dispute
             Marius
             being
             driven
             into
             the
             Temple
             of
             
               Mother
               Earth
            
             ,
             would
             from
             thence
             have
             drawn
             in
             the
             Bondmen
             by
             Proclamation
             of
             Freedom
             ,
             but
             the
             Enemy
             coming
             on
             ,
             he
             was
             overpowered
             and
             fled
             the
             City
             .
          
           
             Sylla
             having
             called
             a
             Senate
             ,
             had
             Sentence
             of
             Death
             passed
             on
             Marius
             ,
             and
             some
             few
             others
             ,
             amongst
             whom
             was
             Sulpitius
             Tribune
             of
             the
             People
             .
             Sulpitius
             was
             executed
             ,
             being
             betrayed
             by
             his
             Servant
             whom
             Sylla
             first
             made
             free
             ,
             and
             then
             threw
             him
             head-long
             down
             the
             Tarpeian
             Rock
             .
             As
             for
             Marius
             ,
             he
             set
             a
             Price
             on
             his
             Life
             ,
             by
             Proclamation
             ;
             but
             neither
             gratefully
             nor
             politickly
             ,
             if
             we
             consider
             into
             whose
             House
             not
             
             long
             before
             he
             put
             himself
             at
             Mercy
             ,
             and
             was
             safely
             dismissed
             .
             Albeit
             had
             Marius
             not
             let
             go
             Sylla
             ,
             but
             suffered
             him
             to
             be
             slain
             by
             the
             Hands
             of
             Sulpitius
             ,
             he
             might
             have
             been
             Lord
             of
             all
             ;
             but
             he
             spared
             his
             Life
             ,
             and
             a
             few
             days
             after
             ,
             upon
             like
             occasion
             ,
             received
             not
             like
             measure
             .
          
           
             By
             these
             Proceedings
             Sylla
             gave
             secret
             distaste
             to
             the
             Senate
             ;
             but
             the
             displeasure
             and
             free
             indignation
             of
             the
             Commonalty
             shewed
             it self
             plainly
             by
             their
             Actions
             .
             For
             they
             ignominiously
             rejected
             Nonius
             his
             Nephew
             ,
             and
             Servius
             ,
             who
             put
             in
             for
             Offices
             of
             State
             by
             his
             Interest
             ,
             and
             chose
             others
             for
             Magistrates
             ,
             by
             honoring
             whom
             ,
             they
             thought
             to
             have
             grieved
             him
             most
             .
             He
             made
             semblance
             of
             extreme
             satisfaction
             hereat
             ,
             as
             if
             the
             People
             by
             his
             means
             had
             again
             enjoyed
             the
             Liberty
             of
             doing
             what
             seem'd
             best
             to
             them
             .
             And
             to
             pacifie
             the
             publick
             Odium
             ,
             he
             created
             
               Lucius
               Cinna
            
             Consul
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             adverse
             Party
             ,
             having
             first
             bound
             him
             under
             Oaths
             and
             Imprecations
             ,
             to
             be
             true
             to
             his
             Interest
             :
             For
             Cinna
             ascending
             the
             Capitol
             with
             a
             Stone
             in
             his
             Hand
             ,
             swore
             solemnly
             and
             with
             a
             direful
             Curse
             ,
             that
             he
             himself
             ,
             if
             he
             kept
             not
             the
             Accord
             ,
             might
             be
             cast
             out
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             as
             that
             Stone
             out
             of
             his
             Hand
             ;
             he
             thereupon
             cast
             the
             Stone
             to
             the
             Ground
             ,
             in
             the
             presence
             of
             many
             People
             .
          
           
           
             Cinna
             had
             no
             sooner
             entred
             on
             his
             charge
             ,
             but
             fell
             to
             disturb
             the
             Establishment
             ,
             and
             having
             prepared
             an
             information
             against
             Sylla
             ,
             suborned
             Virginius
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             Tribunes
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             to
             be
             his
             accuser
             ;
             but
             Sylla
             leaving
             him
             and
             the
             Court
             of
             Judicature
             to
             themselves
             ,
             set
             forth
             against
             Mithridates
             .
          
           
             About
             the
             time
             that
             Sylla
             was
             making
             ready
             ,
             to
             put
             off
             with
             his
             Forces
             from
             Italy
             ,
             besides
             many
             other
             Divine
             Omens
             which
             befell
             Mithridates
             at
             Pergamos
             ,
             there
             goes
             a
             Story
             ,
             that
             the
             Statue
             of
             Victory
             ,
             with
             a
             Crown
             in
             her
             hand
             ,
             which
             the
             Pergamenians
             by
             Engines
             from
             above
             let
             down
             on
             him
             ,
             when
             she
             had
             almost
             reach'd
             his
             head
             ,
             fell
             asunder
             ,
             and
             the
             Crown
             tumbling
             down
             into
             the
             midst
             of
             the
             Theatre
             ,
             broke
             to
             pieces
             against
             the
             ground
             ,
             so
             as
             this
             startled
             the
             Vulgar
             ,
             and
             hugely
             disquieted
             the
             Mind
             of
             Mithridates
             ,
             altho
             his
             Affairs
             hitherto
             had
             succeeded
             beyond
             expectation
             ;
             for
             at
             present
             having
             wrested
             from
             the
             
               Romans
               Asia
            
             ,
             from
             the
             *
             Kings
             Bithynia
             and
             Cappadocia
             ,
             he
             made
             Pergamus
             his
             Royal
             Seat
             ,
             bestowing
             on
             his
             Friends
             Riches
             ,
             Principalities
             ,
             and
             Kingdoms
             .
             Of
             his
             Sons
             ,
             the
             one
             (
             Arcathias
             )
             residing
             in
             Pontus
             and
             Bosphorus
             ,
             held
             his
             Ancient
             Realm
             as
             far
             as
             the
             Desarts
             ,
             above
             the
             Lake
             Maeotis
             ,
             without
             molestation
             :
             Ariarathes
             (
             the
             other
             )
             was
             about
             reducing
             Thrace
             and
             Macedon
             ,
             with
             a
             
             great
             Army
             ,
             to
             Obedience
             .
             His
             other
             Commanders
             with
             Forces
             under
             them
             ,
             invaded
             other
             Quarters
             ;
             especially
             Archilaus
             ,
             who
             by
             his
             Ships
             gave
             in
             a
             manner
             absolute
             Law
             at
             Sea
             ,
             had
             subjected
             the
             Isles
             Cyclades
             ,
             together
             with
             other
             situated
             within
             Malea
             ,
             and
             had
             taken
             Aeubaea
             it self
             .
             From
             Athens
             ,
             his
             Seat
             of
             War
             ,
             he
             made
             his
             Excursions
             as
             far
             as
             Thessaly
             ,
             and
             drew
             after
             him
             most
             of
             the
             States
             of
             Greece
             ,
             without
             the
             least
             impeachment
             ,
             save
             only
             at
             Chaeronea
             .
             For
             here
             
               Brutius
               Sura
            
             ,
             Deputy
             of
             Sentius
             ,
             Governour
             of
             Macedon
             ,
             a
             man
             excelling
             in
             Valour
             and
             Prudence
             ,
             met
             with
             Archelaus
             ,
             and
             though
             ,
             like
             a
             Torrent
             ,
             he
             came
             pouring
             along
             Baeotia
             ,
             made
             stout
             resistance
             ,
             and
             giving
             him
             thrice
             Battel
             ,
             repulsed
             and
             forc'd
             him
             off
             again
             to
             Sea
             ;
             however
             being
             Commanded
             by
             
               Lucius
               Lucullus
            
             to
             give
             place
             to
             his
             Successor
             Sylla
             ,
             and
             resign
             the
             War
             to
             whom
             it
             was
             decreed
             ,
             he
             presently
             left
             Baeotia
             ,
             and
             returned
             back
             to
             Sintius
             ,
             although
             his
             Success
             had
             out-gone
             all
             hopes
             ,
             and
             Greece
             was
             well
             disposed
             to
             a
             Revolt
             ,
             upon
             account
             of
             his
             gallant
             behaviour
             .
             These
             be
             the
             glorious
             Actions
             of
             Brutius
             .
          
           
             Sylla
             at
             his
             arrival
             received
             by
             their
             Ambassadors
             the
             Complements
             of
             all
             the
             Cities
             of
             Greece
             ,
             except
             Athens
             ,
             which
             being
             forc'd
             by
             the
             Tyrant
             Aristion
             within
             to
             
             hold
             for
             the
             King
             ,
             he
             came
             against
             it
             with
             all
             his
             might
             ,
             and
             investing
             the
             Haven
             Pyreus
             ,
             laid
             formal
             Siege
             to
             it
             ,
             erecting
             all
             manner
             of
             Batteries
             ,
             and
             trying
             all
             manner
             of
             Assaults
             ;
             whereas
             had
             he
             forborn
             never
             so
             little
             ,
             he
             might
             without
             hazard
             have
             taken
             the
             Upper
             City
             by
             Famine
             ,
             being
             already
             reduc'd
             to
             extreamity
             ,
             through
             want
             of
             Necessaries
             ;
             but
             hasting
             to
             Rome
             ,
             and
             fearing
             some
             Innovation
             there
             ,
             by
             many
             Adventures
             ,
             many
             Fights
             ,
             and
             vast
             Expence
             ,
             he
             pusht
             on
             the
             War
             ;
             for
             besides
             other
             Equipage
             ,
             the
             very
             Work
             about
             the
             Engines
             of
             Battery
             was
             supplied
             with
             no
             less
             than
             ten
             thousand
             Yoak
             of
             Mules
             ,
             employ'd
             daily
             in
             that
             Service
             ;
             and
             when
             Timber
             grew
             scarce
             (
             for
             many
             of
             the
             Works
             fail'd
             ,
             some
             quash'd
             to
             pieces
             by
             their
             own
             weight
             ,
             others
             taking
             fire
             by
             the
             continual
             play
             of
             the
             Enemy
             )
             he
             made
             bold
             with
             the
             sacred
             Groves
             ,
             and
             cut
             down
             the
             stately
             Walks
             of
             the
             Academy
             ,
             which
             stands
             in
             the
             Suburbs
             ,
             and
             the
             Lyceum
             ;
             and
             being
             there
             wanted
             a
             vast
             Summ
             of
             Money
             to
             carry
             on
             the
             War
             ,
             he
             broke
             up
             the
             unvoidable
             Treasures
             of
             Greece
             ,
             that
             of
             Epidaurus
             ,
             and
             that
             of
             Olympia
             ,
             sending
             for
             the
             fairest
             and
             richest
             Offertories
             ;
             he
             wrote
             likewise
             to
             the
             Amphyctiones
             at
             Delphos
             .
             That
             it
             were
             better
             to
             remit
             the
             Wealth
             of
             the
             God
             to
             him
             ,
             for
             that
             he
             
             would
             keep
             it
             more
             securely
             ,
             or
             in
             case
             he
             made
             use
             of
             it
             ,
             restore
             as
             much
             .
             And
             of
             his
             Friends
             he
             sent
             Caphis
             the
             Phocean
             on
             this
             Message
             ,
             commanding
             him
             to
             receive
             each
             Particular
             by
             weight
             .
             Caphis
             came
             to
             Delphos
             ,
             but
             was
             loth
             to
             touch
             holy
             things
             ,
             and
             with
             many
             Tears
             in
             the
             presence
             of
             the
             Amphyctiones
             ,
             bewailed
             the
             Necessity
             :
             But
             some
             of
             them
             making
             as
             if
             they
             heard
             the
             sound
             of
             a
             Harp
             from
             the
             innermost
             Shrine
             ,
             he
             ,
             whether
             himself
             believ'd
             it
             ,
             or
             else
             was
             willing
             to
             strike
             a
             Religious
             awe
             into
             Sylla
             ,
             sent
             back
             an
             Express
             .
             To
             which
             Sylla
             replied
             in
             a
             scoffing
             way
             ,
             That
             it
             was
             matter
             of
             wonder
             to
             him
             ,
             that
             Caphis
             understood
             Musick
             to
             be
             a
             sign
             of
             Joy
             ,
             not
             Anger
             ;
             and
             therefore
             wish'd
             him
             to
             go
             on
             boldly
             ,
             and
             receive
             it
             from
             the
             hands
             of
             a
             Gracious
             and
             bountiful
             God.
             
          
           
             The
             rest
             of
             the
             things
             that
             were
             delivered
             out
             ,
             escaped
             the
             memory
             of
             most
             Grecians
             ,
             save
             the
             Silver
             Tun
             ,
             that
             only
             Relick
             of
             Regal
             Donation
             ,
             which
             for
             its
             weight
             and
             bulk
             the
             Carriages
             not
             being
             able
             to
             receive
             ,
             when
             the
             Amphyctiones
             were
             forced
             to
             cut
             in
             pieces
             ,
             they
             presently
             call'd
             to
             mind
             ,
             now
             
               Titus
               Quinctius
               Flaminius
            
             ,
             and
             Manius
             *
             Acelius
             ,
             now
             
               Paulus
               Aemilius
            
             .
             One
             of
             whom
             ,
             when
             he
             had
             thrown
             Antiochus
             out
             of
             Greece
             ,
             the
             others
             when
             they
             
             had
             brought
             under
             *
             Macedonian
             Kings
             ,
             not
             only
             abstained
             from
             the
             Grecian
             Temples
             ,
             but
             added
             to
             them
             Gifts
             and
             Honour
             ,
             and
             much
             Veneration
             .
             Those
             indeed
             according
             to
             Law
             being
             only
             elected
             Chief
             Leaders
             of
             Men
             well-disciplined
             ,
             and
             taught
             to
             yield
             ready
             obedience
             to
             Command
             ,
             themselves
             Great
             in
             Soul
             and
             Mean
             in
             Expences
             ,
             lived
             within
             the
             Bounds
             of
             the
             ordinary
             establish'd
             Charges
             ,
             accounting
             it
             a
             greater
             disgrace
             to
             stoop
             basely
             to
             their
             own
             Soldiers
             ,
             than
             to
             stand
             in
             awe
             of
             an
             Enemy
             ;
             whereas
             the
             Commanders
             of
             these
             times
             ,
             attaining
             to
             Superiority
             by
             force
             ,
             not
             worth
             ;
             and
             having
             need
             of
             Arms
             one
             against
             another
             ,
             rather
             than
             an
             Enemy
             ,
             were
             constrained
             to
             temporize
             in
             Authority
             ,
             and
             hiring
             the
             Soldiers
             labour
             at
             the
             price
             of
             Luxury
             ,
             have
             rendred
             their
             whole
             Country
             at
             unawares
             Mercenary
             ,
             and
             themselves
             Slaves
             to
             the
             vilest
             of
             Wretches
             ,
             to
             the
             intent
             they
             might
             Lord
             it
             over
             their
             Betters
             .
             These
             Practices
             cast
             out
             Marius
             ,
             and
             again
             brought
             him
             in
             against
             Sylla
             ,
             The
             same
             caused
             Cinna
             to
             be
             the
             Assassin
             of
             Octavius
             ,
             and
             Fimbria
             of
             Flaccus
             .
             To
             which
             beginnings
             Sylla
             contributed
             not
             the
             least
             ▪
             For
             he
             to
             corrupt
             and
             call
             over
             those
             who
             were
             under
             the
             Command
             of
             others
             ,
             would
             be
             munificent
             and
             profuse
             towards
             those
             who
             were
             under
             his
             own
             ,
             so
             as
             by
             
             drawing
             some
             of
             the
             adverse
             Party
             to
             a
             revolt
             ,
             and
             his
             own
             men
             to
             a
             dissolute
             course
             ,
             he
             came
             to
             be
             in
             want
             of
             a
             large
             Treasury
             ,
             especially
             for
             that
             Siege
             .
          
           
             Sylla
             had
             a
             vehement
             and
             an
             implacable
             desire
             to
             Conquer
             Athens
             ,
             whether
             out
             of
             emulation
             ,
             fighting
             as
             it
             were
             ,
             against
             the
             shadow
             of
             that
             once
             Famous
             City
             ,
             or
             out
             of
             anger
             ,
             stomaching
             those
             Flouts
             and
             Scurrillous
             jests
             ,
             wherewith
             the
             Tyrant
             Aristion
             ,
             fooling
             and
             skipping
             about
             daily
             ,
             had
             provoked
             him
             and
             Metella
             from
             off
             the
             Walls
             .
          
           
             The
             Tyrant
             Aristion
             had
             his
             very
             Being
             compounded
             of
             Wantonness
             and
             Cruelty
             ,
             receiving
             into
             himself
             as
             common
             Sewer
             the
             worst
             of
             Mithridates
             his
             ill
             humours
             and
             vicious
             qualities
             ,
             who
             like
             some
             satal
             disease
             ,
             after
             its
             deliverance
             from
             innumerable
             Wars
             ,
             many
             Tyrannies
             and
             Seditions
             ,
             brought
             the
             City
             to
             the
             last
             extreamity
             .
             At
             the
             time
             when
             a
             *
             Medimnus
             of
             Wheat
             was
             to
             be
             sold
             in
             the
             City
             for
             one
             Thousand
             Drachma's
             ,
             and
             men
             were
             forc'd
             to
             live
             on
             Feverfew
             ,
             growing
             round
             the
             Cittadel
             ,
             and
             eat
             shooes
             and
             Oyl-bags
             sodden
             ,
             he
             daily
             carrousing
             and
             feasting
             it
             in
             the
             open
             face
             of
             Noon
             ,
             then
             dancing
             in
             Armour
             ,
             and
             sporting
             at
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             suffered
             the
             holy
             Lamp
             of
             the
             Goddess
             to
             expire
             for
             want
             of
             Oyl
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             Chief-Priestess
             ,
             
             who
             demanded
             of
             him
             an
             *
             Hemina
             of
             Wheat
             ,
             he
             sent
             the
             like
             quantity
             of
             Pepper
             .
             The
             Senators
             and
             Priests
             ,
             who
             came
             in
             humble
             guise
             ,
             to
             beg
             of
             him
             to
             take
             Compassion
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             treat
             a
             Peace
             with
             Sylla
             ,
             he
             drove
             at
             and
             dispersed
             with
             a
             flight
             of
             Arrows
             .
             At
             last
             with
             much
             ado
             ,
             he
             sent
             forth
             two
             or
             three
             of
             his
             revelling
             Companions
             to
             parley
             ,
             whom
             Sylla
             ,
             perceiving
             that
             they
             made
             no
             overtures
             towards
             an
             accommodation
             ,
             but
             went
             on
             haranguing
             in
             praise
             of
             
               Theseus
               ,
               Eumolpus
            
             ,
             and
             their
             
               Median
               Trophies
            
             ,
             replyed
             to
             them
             thus
             ,
             
               Happy
               men
               !
               ye
               may
               put
               up
               your
               Speeches
               and
               be
               gone
               ,
               for
               I
               was
               sent
               by
               the
            
             Romans
             to
             Athens
             ,
             
               not
               to
               learn
               ,
               but
               to
               reduce
               Rebels
               to
               obedience
               .
            
          
           
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             News
             came
             to
             Sylla
             ,
             that
             some
             old
             men
             discoursing
             in
             the
             Ceramicum
             ,
             were
             over-heard
             to
             blame
             the
             Tyrant
             ,
             for
             not
             securing
             the
             Passages
             and
             Avenues
             on
             the
             side
             of
             the
             Gate
             Heptachalcos
             ,
             where
             only
             the
             Enemy
             might
             easily
             get
             over
             .
             Sylla
             neglected
             not
             the
             report
             ,
             but
             going
             in
             the
             Night
             ,
             and
             discovering
             the
             place
             to
             be
             assaultable
             ,
             set
             streight
             to
             work
             :
             Sylla
             himself
             makes
             mention
             in
             his
             Memoirs
             ,
             that
             
               Marcus
               Teius
            
             ,
             the
             first
             man
             who
             scal'd
             the
             Wall
             ,
             meeting
             with
             an
             Adversary
             ,
             and
             striking
             him
             on
             the
             head-piece
             a
             home
             stroke
             ,
             broke
             his
             Sword
             ,
             however
             
             shrunk
             not
             from
             his
             ground
             ,
             but
             withstood
             and
             held
             him
             fast
             .
             The
             City
             was
             taken
             on
             that
             part
             ,
             as
             't
             is
             recorded
             by
             the
             most
             ancient
             of
             the
             Athenians
             .
          
           
             When
             they
             had
             thrown
             down
             the
             Wall
             ,
             and
             made
             all
             level
             betwixt
             the
             Pyrean
             ,
             and
             Sacred-Gate
             ,
             about
             the
             dead
             of
             night
             ,
             Sylla
             entred
             the
             breach
             in
             dreadful
             manner
             with
             many
             Trumpets
             and
             Cornets
             ,
             with
             the
             rowsing
             shout
             and
             cry
             of
             an
             Army
             ,
             falling
             to
             the
             spoil
             and
             slaughter
             ,
             and
             scouring
             through
             the
             streets
             with
             Swords
             drawn
             ,
             so
             as
             there
             was
             no
             numbring
             of
             the
             slain
             ;
             only
             from
             the
             space
             of
             ground
             overflowed
             with
             Blood
             ,
             we
             may
             even
             now
             take
             a
             survey
             of
             their
             Multitude
             ,
             for
             to
             pass
             by
             the
             execution
             done
             on
             other
             Quarters
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             the
             bloodshed
             about
             the
             Market
             place
             ,
             took
             up
             the
             whole
             Ceramicum
             ,
             within
             the
             Double
             gate
             ,
             and
             according
             to
             most
             Writers
             ,
             passing
             through
             both
             doors
             ,
             overwhelmed
             the
             Suburbs
             .
             Nor
             did
             the
             People
             which
             fell
             thus
             in
             such
             vast
             heaps
             ,
             excel
             the
             number
             of
             those
             ,
             who
             out
             of
             pity
             and
             love
             of
             their
             Country
             ,
             then
             at
             point
             of
             destruction
             ,
             slew
             themselves
             ;
             the
             best
             of
             them
             despairing
             and
             dreading
             to
             survive
             ;
             as
             not
             expecting
             either
             Humanity
             or
             Moderation
             in
             Sylla
             .
             At
             length
             ,
             partly
             by
             the
             instance
             of
             Midias
             and
             Calliphon
             ,
             two
             exil'd
             men
             ,
             beseeching
             and
             casting
             themselves
             at
             his
             feet
             ,
             partly
             by
             the
             
             intercession
             of
             those
             Senators
             who
             followed
             the
             Camp
             ,
             having
             had
             his
             fill
             of
             Revenge
             ,
             and
             making
             some
             honourable
             mention
             of
             the
             Ancient
             
               Athenians
               ,
               I
               forgive
            
             (
             said
             he
             )
             
               the
               Many
               for
               the
               sake
               of
               a
               Few
               ,
               the
               Living
               for
               the
               Dead
               .
            
             He
             took
             Athens
             ,
             according
             to
             his
             own
             Memoirs
             ,
             on
             the
             Calends
             of
             March
             ,
             which
             fall
             out
             exactly
             on
             the
             first
             of
             Authesterion
             ,
             on
             which
             day
             the
             Athenians
             keep
             a
             Solemn
             Commemoration
             of
             the
             many
             Ruins
             and
             Devastations
             ,
             occasioned
             by
             excessive
             rains
             ,
             particularly
             of
             the
             Deluge
             which
             hap'ned
             about
             that
             time
             .
          
           
             At
             the
             taking
             of
             the
             Town
             ,
             the
             Tyrant
             fled
             into
             the
             Cittadel
             ,
             and
             was
             there
             besieged
             by
             Curio
             ,
             who
             had
             that
             charge
             under
             Command
             .
             He
             held
             out
             a
             considerable
             time
             ,
             but
             for
             want
             of
             Water
             yielding
             up
             himself
             ,
             clearly
             evidenced
             the
             Divine
             Providence
             .
             For
             on
             the
             same
             day
             and
             minute
             that
             Curio
             conducted
             him
             down
             ,
             the
             Clouds
             gathering
             in
             a
             calm
             Heaven
             ,
             there
             showred
             down
             a
             great
             quantity
             of
             rain
             ,
             and
             filled
             the
             Cittadel
             with
             Water
             .
          
           
             Not
             long
             after
             Sylla
             won
             the
             Haven
             Pyreus
             ,
             and
             burnt
             most
             of
             it
             ,
             amongst
             the
             rest
             
             Philo's
             Arsenal
             ,
             a
             stupendious
             Work.
             
          
           
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             
               Taxilles
               ,
               Mithridates
            
             his
             General
             ,
             coming
             down
             from
             Thrace
             and
             Macedon
             ,
             with
             an
             Army
             of
             one
             hundred
             thousand
             Foot
             ,
             ten
             thousand
             Horse
             ,
             and
             
             ninety
             Chariots
             ,
             fang'd
             at
             Axles
             with
             Iron
             Sythes
             ,
             would
             have
             joyn'd
             Archelaus
             ,
             who
             lay
             hovering
             with
             a
             Navy
             on
             the
             Coast
             of
             Munichia
             ,
             with
             intention
             ,
             neither
             to
             quit
             the
             Sea
             ,
             or
             engage
             the
             Romans
             in
             Fight
             ,
             but
             to
             draw
             out
             the
             War
             in
             length
             ,
             and
             cut
             off
             the
             Enemies
             Provision
             ,
             which
             Sylla
             perceiving
             much
             better
             than
             himself
             ,
             passed
             with
             his
             Forces
             into
             Baeotia
             ,
             from
             out
             a
             region
             barren
             and
             unable
             to
             maintain
             a
             Camp
             in
             time
             of
             Peace
             .
             He
             was
             thought
             by
             some
             to
             have
             taken
             false
             measures
             ,
             when
             leaving
             Attica
             ,
             a
             rugged
             Country
             ,
             and
             uneasie
             for
             the
             Cavalry
             to
             move
             in
             ,
             he
             put
             himself
             into
             the
             plain
             and
             open
             Fields
             of
             Baeotia
             ,
             knowing
             the
             Barbarians
             strength
             to
             consist
             most
             in
             Horse
             and
             Chariots
             .
             But
             as
             was
             said
             before
             ,
             to
             avoid
             Famine
             and
             Scarcity
             ,
             he
             was
             forc'd
             to
             run
             the
             risque
             of
             a
             Battel
             :
             Moreover
             he
             was
             troubled
             for
             Hortensius
             ,
             a
             man
             expert
             in
             War
             ,
             and
             of
             a
             rough
             Soldiery
             Constitution
             ,
             whom
             on
             his
             way
             to
             Sylla
             with
             Forces
             from
             Thessaly
             ,
             the
             Barbarians
             awaited
             in
             the
             *
             Streights
             :
             For
             these
             reasons
             Sylla
             drew
             off
             into
             
               Baeotia
               ▪
               Caphis
            
             *
             our
             Country-man
             led
             Hortensius
             another
             way
             unknown
             to
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             by
             Parnassus
             just
             under
             Tithora
             ,
             being
             then
             no
             such
             great
             City
             as
             't
             is
             now
             ,
             but
             a
             Garrison
             built
             a
             round
             on
             a
             steep
             Precipice
             ,
             which
             the
             Phocenses
             ,
             to
             escape
             the
             Invasion
             of
             
             Xerxes
             ,
             put
             themselves
             and
             goods
             into
             ,
             and
             were
             saved
             .
             Hortensius
             encamping
             here
             ,
             kept
             off
             the
             Enemy
             by
             day
             ,
             and
             at
             night
             descending
             by
             difficult
             passages
             into
             Patronis
             ,
             join'd
             the
             Forces
             of
             Sylla
             ,
             who
             came
             to
             meet
             him
             .
             Thus
             united
             ,
             they
             posted
             themselves
             on
             a
             fertile
             Hill
             ,
             on
             the
             Plains
             of
             Elateia
             ,
             set
             round
             with
             Trees
             ,
             and
             watered
             at
             the
             foot
             :
             It
             's
             called
             Philobeotus
             ,
             the
             Situation
             and
             Richness
             of
             which
             Soil
             ,
             Sylla
             praiseth
             wonderfully
             .
          
           
             As
             they
             lay
             thus
             encamped
             ,
             they
             seemed
             to
             the
             Enemy
             a
             contemptible
             number
             ,
             for
             they
             were
             not
             above
             fifteen
             hundred
             Horse
             ,
             and
             less
             than
             fifteen
             thousand
             Foot
             ;
             wherefore
             ,
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Commanders
             over-perswading
             Archelaus
             ,
             and
             drawing
             up
             the
             Army
             ,
             covered
             the
             Field
             with
             Horses
             ,
             Chariots
             ,
             Bucklers
             ,
             Targets
             :
             The
             clamour
             and
             hideous
             roar
             of
             so
             many
             Nations
             ,
             standing
             thick
             together
             in
             Battalia
             ,
             tore
             the
             Sky
             ;
             nor
             was
             the
             Pomp
             and
             Gallantry
             of
             their
             costly
             array
             ,
             altogether
             idle
             and
             unserviceable
             for
             terrour
             :
             For
             the
             brightness
             of
             their
             Armour
             ,
             embellished
             with
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             magnificently
             ,
             and
             the
             lustre
             of
             their
             Median
             and
             Scythian
             Coats
             ,
             intermixt
             with
             Brass
             and
             shining
             Steel
             ,
             cast
             forth
             a
             flaming
             and
             a
             dreadful
             sight
             ,
             by
             the
             waving
             and
             moving
             to
             and
             fro
             of
             the
             Army
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             the
             Romans
             shrunk
             
             them
             into
             their
             Trenches
             ;
             and
             Sylla
             being
             unable
             by
             any
             means
             to
             remove
             the
             fear
             ,
             and
             unwilling
             to
             force
             them
             to
             fight
             against
             their
             wills
             ,
             was
             fain
             to
             sit
             down
             in
             quiet
             ,
             ill-brooking
             though
             ,
             to
             become
             the
             Subject
             of
             Barbarian
             Insolence
             and
             Laughter
             ;
             this
             however
             above
             all
             advantaged
             him
             ,
             for
             the
             Enemy
             from
             contemning
             of
             him
             ,
             fell
             into
             disorder
             amongst
             themselves
             ,
             and
             being
             less
             subject
             to
             Command
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             many
             Commanders
             ,
             some
             few
             of
             them
             remained
             within
             the
             Line
             ,
             but
             others
             ,
             the
             Major
             part
             ,
             lur'd
             out
             with
             hopes
             of
             prey
             and
             rapine
             ,
             flew
             about
             the
             Countries
             many
             days
             Journey
             from
             the
             Camp
             ,
             and
             by
             report
             demolished
             the
             City
             of
             Panope
             ,
             rifled
             Lebadea
             ,
             and
             rob'd
             the
             Oracle
             ,
             without
             any
             Discipline
             .
          
           
             Sylla
             all
             ▪
             this
             while
             chasing
             and
             fretting
             to
             see
             the
             Cities
             all
             around
             destroyed
             ,
             suffered
             not
             the
             Soldiery
             to
             indulge
             ,
             but
             going
             forth
             ,
             compelled
             them
             to
             divert
             Cephisus
             from
             its
             ancient
             Channel
             ,
             by
             casting
             up
             ditches
             and
             giving
             respite
             to
             none
             ,
             shew'd
             himself
             rigorous
             in
             punishing
             the
             remiss
             ,
             that
             growing
             weary
             of
             labour
             ,
             they
             might
             be
             drawn
             by
             hardship
             to
             embrace
             danger
             ;
             which
             fell
             out
             accordingly
             ,
             for
             on
             the
             third
             day
             being
             hard
             at
             work
             ,
             as
             Sylla
             passed
             by
             ,
             they
             beg'd
             and
             clamour'd
             to
             be
             led
             against
             the
             Enemy
             .
             Sylla
             replied
             ,
             That
             this
             demand
             
             of
             War
             proceeded
             rather
             from
             a
             backwardness
             to
             labour
             ,
             than
             any
             forwardness
             to
             fight
             ;
             but
             if
             they
             were
             in
             good
             earnest
             Martially
             given
             ,
             he
             bad
             them
             with
             their
             Arms
             get
             up
             thither
             ,
             pointing
             at
             the
             ancient
             Tower
             of
             the
             Parapotamians
             ,
             whereof
             at
             present
             ,
             the
             City
             being
             laid
             wast
             ,
             there
             remained
             only
             the
             Mountainous
             head
             ,
             steep
             and
             craggy
             on
             all
             sides
             ,
             and
             severed
             from
             Mount
             Edulium
             ,
             the
             breadth
             of
             the
             River
             Assus
             ,
             which
             running
             betwixt
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             bottom
             of
             the
             same
             Hill
             ,
             falling
             into
             Cephisus
             ,
             with
             an
             impetuous
             Confluence
             ,
             made
             that
             a
             safe
             Height
             to
             lodge
             on
             ;
             wherefore
             beholding
             the
             Brass
             Targettiers
             to
             make
             up
             hastily
             ,
             Sylla
             was
             willing
             to
             take
             prepossession
             ,
             and
             took
             it
             by
             the
             vigorous
             Address
             of
             the
             Soldiers
             .
             Archelaus
             put
             back
             from
             hence
             ,
             bent
             his
             Forces
             upon
             Chaeronea
             .
             The
             Chaeroneans
             ,
             who
             bore
             Arms
             in
             the
             Roman
             Camp
             ,
             beseeching
             Sylla
             not
             to
             abandon
             the
             City
             ,
             he
             dispatcht
             Geminius
             the
             Tribune
             with
             one
             Legion
             ,
             and
             withal
             sent
             out
             the
             Chaeroneans
             ,
             endeavouring
             ,
             but
             not
             able
             to
             get
             in
             before
             Geminius
             ;
             so
             active
             ▪
             was
             he
             ,
             and
             more
             swift
             to
             relief
             ,
             than
             they
             who
             prayed
             Relief
             .
             Juba
             writes
             ,
             that
             Ericius
             was
             the
             man
             sent
             ,
             not
             Geminius
             .
             Thus
             narrowly
             escaped
             *
             our
             Native
             City
             .
          
           
           
             From
             Lebadea
             and
             the
             Cave
             of
             Trophonius
             there
             were
             spread
             abroad
             favourable
             Rumours
             and
             Prophecies
             of
             Victory
             to
             the
             Romans
             ,
             which
             the
             Inhabitants
             report
             at
             large
             :
             And
             as
             Sylla
             himself
             affirms
             in
             the
             tenth
             Book
             of
             his
             Memoirs
             ,
             
               Quintus
               Titus
            
             ,
             an
             obscure
             Man
             of
             those
             who
             traffick
             into
             Greece
             ,
             came
             to
             him
             after
             the
             Battel
             won
             at
             Chaeronea
             ,
             and
             declared
             that
             Trophinius
             had
             foretold
             another
             Fight
             and
             Victory
             on
             the
             same
             place
             ,
             within
             a
             short
             time
             .
             After
             him
             a
             Soldier
             ,
             by
             name
             Salvenius
             ,
             brought
             an
             account
             from
             the
             God
             of
             the
             issue
             of
             Affairs
             in
             Italy
             .
             As
             to
             the
             Vision
             ,
             they
             both
             agreed
             in
             this
             ,
             that
             for
             Stature
             ,
             and
             Majestick
             Grace
             they
             had
             seen
             somewhat
             in
             the
             likeness
             of
             
               Jupiter
               Olympius
            
             .
          
           
             Sylla
             when
             he
             had
             passed
             over
             the
             Assus
             ,
             march'd
             up
             to
             Edylium
             ,
             and
             encamped
             close
             to
             Archelaus
             ,
             who
             had
             intrench'd
             himself
             strongly
             between
             the
             Mountains
             Acontium
             and
             Edylium
             ,
             towards
             those
             called
             Assia
             :
             The
             Place
             of
             his
             Intrenchment
             is
             to
             this
             day
             named
             from
             him
             
               Archelaus
               .
               Sylla
            
             after
             one
             days
             respite
             having
             left
             Muraena
             behind
             him
             ,
             with
             one
             Legion
             and
             two
             Cohorts
             ,
             to
             amuse
             the
             distracted
             Enemy
             with
             continual
             Alarms
             ,
             went
             and
             sacrificed
             on
             the
             Banks
             of
             Cephisus
             .
             The
             holy
             Rights
             ended
             ,
             he
             held
             on
             towards
             Chaeronea
             ,
             to
             receive
             the
             Forces
             there
             ,
             and
             view
             Mount
             
             Thurion
             ,
             where
             the
             Enemy
             had
             posted
             themselves
             .
             This
             is
             a
             craggy
             Heighth
             ,
             running
             up
             gradually
             to
             a
             Point
             ,
             which
             we
             call
             Orthopagon
             ;
             at
             the
             foot
             of
             it
             ,
             is
             the
             River
             Morius
             ,
             and
             the
             Temple
             of
             
               Apollo
               Thurius
            
             :
             The
             God
             had
             his
             Surname
             from
             Thuro
             ,
             Mother
             of
             Cheron
             ,
             whom
             ancient
             Fame
             makes
             Founder
             of
             Chaeronea
             .
             Others
             assert
             ,
             that
             the
             Cow
             ,
             which
             Apollo
             gave
             to
             Cadmus
             for
             a
             Guide
             ,
             appeared
             there
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Place
             took
             its
             Name
             from
             the
             Beast
             ;
             for
             the
             Phaenicians
             call
             a
             Cow
             ,
             Thor.
             
          
           
             At
             
             Sylla's
             approach
             to
             Chaeronea
             ,
             the
             Tribune
             ,
             who
             had
             been
             commanded
             out
             to
             guard
             the
             City
             ,
             drew
             his
             Men
             into
             Arms
             ,
             and
             meet
             him
             with
             a
             Garland
             of
             Laurel
             in
             his
             hand
             ;
             which
             Sylla
             accepting
             of
             ,
             and
             withal
             caressing
             and
             animating
             the
             Soldiers
             to
             the
             Encounter
             ,
             two
             Men
             of
             
               Chaeronea
               ,
               Homoloichus
            
             and
             Anaxidamus
             ,
             present
             themselves
             before
             him
             ,
             and
             proffer
             with
             a
             small
             Party
             to
             dislodge
             those
             who
             were
             posted
             on
             Thurium
             ;
             for
             that
             there
             lay
             a
             Path
             ,
             unknown
             to
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             from
             Petrochus
             along
             by
             the
             Musaeum
             ,
             leading
             over
             head
             upon
             Thurium
             ;
             by
             this
             way
             it
             was
             easie
             to
             fall
             on
             ,
             and
             either
             stone
             them
             from
             above
             ,
             or
             force
             them
             down
             into
             the
             Plain
             .
             Sylla
             assured
             of
             their
             Faith
             and
             Courage
             by
             Geminius
             ,
             when
             he
             had
             exhorted
             them
             to
             go
             on
             with
             the
             Enterprise
             ,
             Embattelled
             the
             
             Army
             ,
             and
             disposing
             of
             the
             Cavalry
             on
             both
             Wings
             ,
             himself
             commanded
             the
             Right
             ,
             and
             the
             left
             he
             committed
             to
             the
             direction
             of
             Muraena
             ;
             in
             the
             Rear
             of
             all
             ,
             Gallus
             and
             Hortensius
             ,
             his
             Legates
             ,
             had
             planted
             themselves
             on
             the
             upper
             Grounds
             ,
             with
             the
             Cohorts
             of
             Reserve
             ,
             to
             watch
             the
             motion
             of
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             who
             with
             infinite
             numbers
             of
             Horse
             ,
             and
             expedite
             light-armed
             Foot
             ,
             having
             made
             the
             Wing
             pliant
             ,
             and
             ready
             to
             wind
             about
             at
             pleasure
             gave
             suspicion
             that
             he
             intended
             to
             over-reach
             and
             enclose
             the
             Romans
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             the
             Chaeroneans
             ,
             who
             had
             Ericus
             for
             Commander
             by
             appointment
             of
             Sylla
             ,
             covertly
             surrounding
             Thurium
             ,
             and
             discovering
             themselves
             ,
             there
             arose
             a
             great
             Confusion
             and
             Rout
             ,
             and
             mutual
             Slaughter
             amongst
             the
             Barbarians
             ;
             for
             they
             kept
             not
             their
             stand
             ,
             but
             making
             down
             in
             that
             hurry
             ,
             cast
             themselves
             on
             their
             own
             Spears
             ,
             and
             violently
             bore
             each
             other
             headlong
             ,
             the
             Enemy
             from
             above
             pressing
             on
             ,
             and
             wounding
             them
             on
             the
             open
             side
             ,
             insomuch
             as
             there
             fell
             three
             thousand
             about
             Thurium
             .
             Some
             of
             them
             who
             escaped
             being
             met
             by
             Muraena
             as
             he
             stood
             in
             Array
             ,
             were
             cut
             off
             and
             destroy'd
             .
             Others
             breaking
             through
             to
             their
             Friends
             ,
             and
             falling
             disorderly
             into
             the
             Ranks
             ,
             filled
             most
             part
             of
             the
             Army
             with
             fear
             and
             Tumult
             ,
             and
             put
             the
             Chief
             Officers
             to
             a
             
             stand
             ,
             which
             was
             no
             small
             disadvantage
             .
             For
             immediately
             upon
             the
             Discomposure
             ,
             Sylla
             coming
             full
             speed
             to
             the
             Charge
             ,
             disappointed
             the
             Service
             of
             their
             Armed
             Chariots
             ,
             which
             require
             a
             good
             space
             of
             Ground
             to
             gather
             strength
             and
             impetuosity
             in
             the
             Career
             ,
             whereas
             a
             short
             drift
             proves
             weak
             and
             ineffectual
             ,
             like
             that
             of
             Engines
             without
             a
             full
             swing
             .
             Thus
             it
             fared
             with
             the
             Barbarians
             at
             present
             ,
             whose
             first
             Chariots
             ,
             that
             set
             forth
             spurtingly
             ,
             and
             made
             but
             a
             faint
             impression
             when
             the
             Romans
             had
             repulsed
             ,
             with
             a
             clattering
             din
             and
             slaughter
             they
             called
             for
             more
             ,
             as
             is
             usual
             in
             the
             publick
             Cirque
             .
             By
             this
             time
             the
             Gross
             of
             both
             Armies
             met
             .
             The
             Barbarians
             ,
             on
             one
             side
             ,
             charged
             their
             long
             Pikes
             ,
             and
             with
             Shields
             lock'd
             close
             together
             like
             a
             Roof
             over
             head
             ,
             strove
             what
             in
             them
             lay
             to
             preserve
             their
             Battalion
             entire
             :
             The
             Romans
             ,
             on
             the
             other
             side
             ,
             threw
             by
             their
             Piles
             ,
             and
             with
             drawn
             Swords
             put
             by
             their
             Pushes
             ,
             the
             sooner
             to
             mingle
             with
             them
             ,
             in
             the
             rage
             they
             were
             then
             in
             :
             For
             in
             the
             Front
             of
             the
             Enemy
             they
             beheld
             fifteen
             thousand
             Slaves
             ,
             whom
             the
             Royal
             *
             Commanders
             had
             set
             free
             by
             Proclamation
             ,
             and
             rang'd
             amongst
             the
             
               Men
               of
               Arms.
            
             Whereupon
             a
             Roman
             Centurion
             is
             reported
             to
             say
             ,
             That
             he
             never
             knew
             Servants
             allowed
             to
             play
             the
             Masters
             ,
             unless
             on
             the
             Holy-days
             of
             Saturn
             .
             
             These
             Men
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             their
             deep
             and
             thick
             Array
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             for
             their
             daring
             Courage
             ,
             yielded
             but
             slowly
             to
             the
             weighty
             Legions
             ,
             till
             at
             last
             by
             slinging
             Engines
             and
             Darts
             ,
             for
             which
             the
             Roman
             spar'd
             not
             from
             behind
             ,
             they
             were
             forc'd
             to
             give
             way
             and
             scatter
             .
             And
             as
             Archelaus
             was
             extending
             the
             the
             Right
             Wing
             to
             encompass
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             Hortensius
             with
             his
             Cohorts
             came
             down
             amain
             ,
             with
             intention
             to
             charge
             him
             in
             the
             Flank
             ;
             but
             Achelaus
             wheeling
             about
             suddenly
             ,
             with
             two
             thousand
             Horse
             ,
             Hortensius
             ,
             overlaid
             with
             numbers
             ,
             withdrew
             himself
             to
             the
             upper
             Grounds
             ,
             not
             far
             from
             the
             main
             Body
             ,
             and
             was
             surrounded
             by
             the
             Enemy
             :
             When
             Sylla
             heard
             this
             ,
             he
             came
             speeding
             from
             the
             right
             to
             his
             succour
             ,
             before
             the
             Engagement
             ;
             but
             Archelaus
             guessing
             the
             matter
             by
             the
             dust
             of
             his
             Troops
             ,
             turned
             to
             the
             right
             Wing
             ,
             from
             whence
             Sylla
             came
             ,
             in
             hopes
             to
             have
             surprised
             it
             without
             a
             Commander
             :
             At
             the
             same
             instant
             likewise
             Taxilles
             with
             his
             Brass-Targetiers
             assailed
             Muraena
             ,
             so
             as
             a
             Cry
             coming
             from
             both
             places
             ,
             and
             the
             Hills
             repeating
             it
             around
             ,
             Sylla
             stood
             in
             suspence
             which
             way
             to
             move
             ;
             it
             seeming
             best
             to
             reassume
             his
             own
             Station
             ,
             he
             sent
             in
             aid
             to
             Muraena
             four
             Cohorts
             ,
             and
             commanding
             the
             fifth
             to
             follow
             him
             ,
             returned
             on
             the
             spur
             to
             the
             right
             Wing
             ,
             which
             then
             of
             
             it self
             held
             Archelaus
             to
             equal
             play
             ;
             at
             his
             appearance
             they
             gave
             one
             lusty
             push
             for
             all
             ,
             and
             overcoming
             ,
             followed
             them
             disorderly
             flying
             to
             the
             River
             and
             Mount
             Acontium
             .
             Neither
             was
             Sylla
             unmindful
             of
             the
             danger
             Muraena
             was
             in
             ;
             for
             hasting
             thither
             ,
             and
             finding
             them
             Victorious
             ,
             he
             help'd
             to
             pursue
             .
             Many
             Barbarians
             were
             slain
             on
             the
             spot
             ,
             many
             more
             cut
             in
             pieces
             ,
             as
             they
             were
             making
             to
             the
             Camp
             :
             Of
             such
             infinite
             Multitudes
             ,
             ten
             thousand
             only
             got
             safe
             into
             
               Chalcis
               .
               Sylla
            
             writes
             ,
             that
             there
             were
             but
             fourteen
             of
             his
             Soldiers
             wanting
             ,
             and
             that
             two
             even
             of
             those
             returned
             towards
             evening
             ;
             wherefore
             he
             inscribed
             on
             
               Trophies
               ,
               Mars
               ,
               Victory
            
             ,
             and
             Venus
             ,
             as
             having
             won
             the
             Day
             no
             less
             by
             Good-fortune
             ,
             than
             by
             true
             management
             and
             force
             of
             Arms.
             That
             Trophie
             of
             the
             Field-Battel
             stands
             on
             the
             Place
             where
             Archelaus
             first
             gave
             back
             ,
             as
             far
             as
             the
             Streums
             of
             Molus
             :
             The
             other
             is
             erected
             high
             ,
             on
             the
             top
             of
             Thurium
             ,
             where
             the
             Barbarians
             were
             environ'd
             signifying
             in
             Greek
             Letters
             ,
             That
             Homoloichus
             and
             Anaxidamus
             were
             the
             Chief
             Leaders
             .
             The
             Hymns
             of
             Victory
             for
             this
             Action
             were
             celebrated
             at
             Thebes
             ,
             where
             Sylla
             built
             a
             Stage
             for
             Musick
             ,
             near
             
             Oedipus's
             Well
             .
             As
             for
             the
             Judges
             of
             the
             Performance
             ,
             they
             were
             Grecians
             chosen
             out
             of
             other
             Cities
             ,
             because
             he
             bore
             an
             implacable
             hatred
             to
             the
             Thebans
             ,
             and
             
             having
             cut
             off
             from
             them
             half
             their
             Territories
             ,
             he
             consecrated
             the
             same
             to
             Apollo
             and
             Jupiter
             ,
             commanding
             them
             ,
             out
             of
             the
             Revenue
             ,
             to
             make
             satisfaction
             to
             the
             Gods
             ,
             for
             the
             Riches
             himself
             had
             taken
             from
             them
             .
          
           
             After
             this
             ,
             hearing
             that
             Flaccus
             a
             Man
             of
             the
             contrary
             Faction
             ,
             being
             chosen
             Consul
             ,
             had
             crossed
             the
             Ionian
             Sea
             with
             an
             Army
             ,
             to
             act
             in
             shew
             against
             Mithridates
             ,
             but
             in
             reality
             against
             himself
             ,
             he
             took
             the
             way
             of
             Thessalia
             ,
             designing
             to
             meet
             him
             ;
             but
             in
             his
             March
             ,
             about
             Meleteia
             ,
             received
             Advises
             from
             all
             Parts
             ,
             That
             the
             Countries
             on
             his
             back
             were
             over
             spread
             and
             harrased
             by
             no
             less
             a
             Camp-Royal
             than
             was
             the
             former
             :
             For
             Dorilaus
             arriving
             at
             Chalcis
             ,
             with
             a
             mighty
             Fleet
             (
             on
             board
             of
             which
             he
             brought
             over
             with
             him
             Eighty
             Thousand
             of
             the
             best-appointed
             and
             best
             disciplin'd
             Soldiers
             of
             Mithridates
             his
             Army
             )
             had
             made
             a
             sudden
             Incursion
             into
             Baeotia
             ,
             and
             secured
             that
             Coast
             ,
             in
             hopes
             to
             bring
             Sylla
             to
             a
             Battel
             ,
             making
             no
             account
             of
             the
             disswasions
             of
             Archelaus
             ,
             but
             giving
             it
             out
             ,
             as
             to
             the
             last
             Fight
             ,
             that
             without
             Treachery
             so
             many
             Thousand
             Men
             could
             never
             have
             perished
             .
             However
             ,
             Sylla
             facing
             about
             expeditiously
             ,
             made
             it
             appear
             to
             Dorilaus
             ,
             that
             Archelaus
             was
             a
             wise
             Man
             ,
             and
             had
             good
             skill
             in
             the
             Roman
             Valour
             ;
             insomuch
             
             as
             Dorilaus
             himself
             ,
             after
             some
             small
             Skirmishes
             with
             Sylla
             at
             Tilphossion
             ,
             was
             the
             first
             of
             those
             who
             thought
             it
             not
             advisable
             to
             put
             things
             to
             the
             decision
             of
             the
             Sword
             ,
             but
             rather
             by
             expence
             of
             Time
             and
             Treasure
             to
             wear
             out
             the
             War
             ;
             nevertheless
             the
             Field
             of
             Orchomenos
             ,
             where
             they
             then
             lay
             encamped
             ,
             gave
             no
             small
             encouragement
             to
             Archelaus
             ,
             as
             being
             most
             advantageous
             to
             those
             who
             excel
             in
             Cavalry
             to
             engage
             in
             .
             For
             of
             the
             Baeotian
             Campagnes
             ,
             that
             is
             the
             fairest
             and
             largest
             ,
             which
             confining
             on
             the
             Principal
             Seat
             of
             the
             Orchomenians
             ,
             alone
             opens
             a
             clear
             Prospect
             ,
             void
             of
             Cover
             as
             far
             as
             the
             Fens
             ,
             where
             the
             River
             Melas
             is
             swallowed
             up
             .
             Of
             all
             the
             Grecians
             Rivers
             ,
             this
             only
             ,
             which
             ariseth
             from
             under
             the
             City
             Orchomenus
             ,
             draws
             with
             it
             a
             deep
             and
             navigable
             Water
             from
             the
             very
             Head
             ,
             encreasing
             about
             the
             Summer
             Solstice
             like
             Nile
             ,
             and
             bringing
             forth
             all
             things
             growing
             there
             ;
             yet
             small
             ,
             and
             without
             Fruit.
             It
             runs
             not
             far
             ,
             before
             the
             main
             Stream
             loseth
             it self
             among
             the
             blind
             and
             woody
             Marsh
             Grounds
             ,
             a
             small
             Branch
             whereof
             mingleth
             with
             Cephisus
             ,
             about
             that
             place
             especially
             where
             the
             Lake
             is
             thought
             to
             produce
             the
             best
             Flute-reeds
             .
          
           
             Now
             that
             both
             Armies
             were
             posted
             near
             each
             other
             ,
             Archelaus
             lay
             still
             ,
             but
             Sylla
             fell
             to
             casting
             up
             Ditches
             athwart
             from
             either
             
             side
             ,
             that
             ,
             if
             possible
             ,
             by
             cutting
             the
             Enemies
             from
             the
             firm
             and
             open
             Champagne
             ,
             he
             might
             force
             them
             into
             the
             Fens
             .
             They
             on
             the
             other
             hand
             ,
             not
             enduring
             this
             ,
             but
             at
             the
             Word
             of
             Command
             ,
             issuing
             out
             furiously
             in
             full
             Bodies
             ,
             not
             only
             the
             Men
             at
             work
             were
             dispersed
             ,
             but
             most
             part
             of
             those
             who
             stood
             in
             Arms
             to
             justifie
             the
             Work
             ,
             cast
             themselves
             disorderly
             into
             flight
             .
             Upon
             this
             Sylla
             leaps
             from
             his
             Horse
             ,
             and
             snatching
             hold
             of
             an
             Ensign
             ,
             rusht
             through
             the
             midst
             of
             the
             Rout
             upon
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             crying
             out
             aloud
             ,
             
               To
               me
            
             ,
             O
             Romans
             ,
             
               it
               seems
               glorious
               to
               fall
               here
               :
               And
               as
               for
               you
               ,
               when
               demanded
               where
               was
               it
               ,
               you
               betrayed
               your
               General
               ,
               remember
               you
               say
               ,
               at
            
             Orchomenus
             .
             His
             men
             Rallying
             again
             at
             these
             words
             ,
             and
             two
             Cohorts
             coming
             to
             his
             succour
             from
             the
             Right-Wing
             ,
             he
             gave
             a
             fierce
             Onset
             and
             turn'd
             the
             Day
             .
             Then
             retiring
             some
             few
             Paces
             back
             ,
             and
             refreshing
             his
             Men
             ,
             he
             came
             on
             again
             to
             block
             up
             the
             Enemies
             Camp
             but
             they
             again
             sallied
             out
             in
             better
             Order
             than
             before
             .
             Here
             Diogenes
             ,
             Son
             in-law
             to
             Archelaus
             ,
             having
             fought
             on
             the
             Right-Wing
             with
             much
             Gallantry
             ,
             made
             an
             Honourable
             end
             .
             And
             the
             Archers
             ,
             being
             pressed
             on
             hard
             by
             the
             Romans
             ,
             and
             wanting
             space
             for
             a
             retreat
             ,
             took
             their
             Arrows
             by
             handfuls
             ,
             and
             striking
             with
             those
             as
             with
             Swords
             ,
             beat
             them
             back
             .
             In
             
             the
             end
             they
             were
             all
             shut
             up
             into
             the
             entrenchment
             ,
             and
             had
             a
             sorrowful
             Night
             of
             it
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             their
             slain
             and
             wounded
             .
             The
             next
             day
             again
             Sylla
             leading
             forth
             his
             men
             up
             to
             their
             Quarters
             ,
             went
             on
             finishing
             the
             Line
             ,
             and
             as
             they
             were
             drawing
             out
             to
             give
             him
             Battel
             ,
             fell
             on
             ,
             and
             putting
             a
             large
             Party
             of
             them
             to
             the
             rout
             ,
             in
             the
             fright
             they
             were
             in
             ,
             none
             daring
             to
             abide
             ,
             he
             took
             the
             Camp
             by
             force
             ,
             whence
             the
             Marishes
             were
             filled
             with
             Bloud
             ,
             and
             the
             Lake
             with
             dead
             Bodies
             ,
             insomuch
             as
             to
             this
             day
             there
             be
             found
             ,
             of
             the
             Barbarian
             make
             ,
             many
             Bows
             ,
             Helmets
             ,
             pieces
             of
             Breast-plates
             ,
             and
             Swords
             ,
             buried
             deep
             in
             Mud
             ,
             some
             two
             hundred
             years
             since
             the
             Fight
             .
             Thus
             much
             of
             the
             Action
             ,
             of
             Chaeronea
             and
             Orchomenus
             .
          
           
             Cinna
             and
             Narbo
             at
             Rome
             ,
             using
             injustice
             and
             violence
             towards
             Persons
             of
             the
             greatest
             Eminency
             ,
             many
             of
             them
             to
             avoid
             that
             Tyranny
             ,
             repaired
             to
             
             Sylla's
             Camp
             ,
             as
             to
             a
             safe
             Harbour
             ,
             where
             in
             a
             short
             space
             he
             had
             about
             him
             the
             Majestick
             face
             of
             a
             Senate
             .
             Metella
             likewise
             having
             with
             difficulty
             conveyed
             her self
             and
             Children
             away
             by
             stealth
             ,
             brought
             him
             word
             that
             his
             City
             and
             Country
             houses
             were
             set
             on
             fire
             by
             the
             Adversary
             ,
             and
             prayed
             his
             help
             at
             home
             .
             Whilst
             he
             was
             in
             doubt
             what
             to
             do
             ,
             being
             impatient
             to
             hear
             his
             Country
             abused
             ,
             
             and
             not
             knowing
             how
             to
             leave
             so
             great
             a
             work
             ,
             as
             the
             
             Mithridatick-War
             unfinished
             ,
             comes
             unto
             him
             Archelaus
             ,
             a
             Merchant
             of
             Delos
             ,
             with
             some
             hopes
             of
             an
             accommodation
             ,
             and
             private
             instructions
             from
             Archelaus
             the
             King's
             General
             .
             Sylla
             lik'd
             the
             business
             so
             well
             as
             to
             desire
             a
             speedy
             conference
             with
             Archelaus
             in
             Person
             ,
             and
             had
             a
             meeting
             at
             Sea
             on
             that
             side
             of
             Delos
             ,
             where
             the
             Temple
             of
             Apollo
             stands
             .
             When
             Archelaus
             began
             to
             propose
             and
             demand
             of
             Sylla
             ,
             that
             quitting
             his
             Pretensions
             to
             Asia
             and
             Pontus
             ,
             he
             should
             set
             sail
             for
             the
             War
             in
             Rome
             ,
             receiving
             Money
             and
             Shipping
             ,
             and
             such
             Forces
             as
             he
             should
             think
             fitting
             ,
             from
             the
             King
             :
             Sylla
             interposing
             ,
             bad
             him
             take
             no
             further
             care
             for
             Mithridates
             ,
             but
             assume
             the
             Crown
             to
             himself
             ,
             and
             become
             a
             Confederate
             of
             Rome
             ,
             delivering
             up
             the
             Navy
             .
             Here
             Archelaus
             professing
             his
             abhorrence
             of
             Treason
             ,
             Sylla
             proceeded
             :
             
               Thou
               ,
               O
            
             Archelaus
             ,
             Cappadocian
             
               as
               thou
               art
               ,
               and
               Slave
               (
               on
               ,
               if
               it
               so
               please
               thee
               ,
               Friend
               )
               to
               a
            
             Barbarian
             
               King
               ,
               dost
               thou
               upon
               such
               vast
               Considerations
               scruple
               any
               thing
               of
               Baseness
               ?
               and
               to
               me
            
             Roman
             
               General
               and
            
             Sylla
             
               dar'st
               talk
               of
               Treason
               ?
               as
               if
               thou
               wert
               not
               the
               self
               same
            
             Archelaus
             
               who
               ran
               away
               at
            
             Chaeronea
             ,
             
               with
               a
               few
               in
               Company
               ,
               the
               Reliques
               of
               One
               hundred
               and
               twenty
               thousand
               Men
               ;
               who
               lay
               squat
               for
               two
               days
               in
               the
               Fens
               of
            
             Orchomenus
             ,
             
               and
               left
            
             
             Baeotia
             
               unpassable
               for
               heaps
               of
               dead
               Carcases
               .
               Archelaus
               ,
            
             chang'd
             at
             this
             ,
             in
             humble
             manner
             fell
             at
             his
             Feet
             ,
             beseeching
             him
             to
             lay
             aside
             the
             thoughts
             of
             War
             ,
             and
             make
             Peace
             with
             
               Mithridates
               .
               Sylla
            
             consenting
             to
             this
             Request
             ,
             Articles
             of
             Agreement
             were
             concluded
             on
             ;
             That
             Mithridates
             should
             quit
             Asia
             and
             Paphlagonia
             ,
             restore
             Bithynia
             to
             
               Nicomedes
               ,
               Cappadocia
            
             to
             Ariobarzanes
             ,
             and
             pay
             the
             Romans
             two
             Thousand
             Talents
             ,
             and
             give
             him
             seventy
             Ships
             of
             War
             ,
             with
             all
             their
             Furniture
             :
             On
             the
             other
             hand
             ,
             That
             Sylla
             should
             confirm
             to
             him
             his
             other
             Dominions
             ,
             and
             declare
             him
             a
             Roman
             Confederate
             .
             On
             these
             terms
             he
             returned
             by
             the
             way
             of
             Thessaly
             and
             Macedon
             for
             the
             Helespont
             ,
             having
             Archelaus
             with
             him
             in
             great
             esteem
             .
             For
             Archelaus
             being
             taken
             desperately
             ill
             at
             Larissa
             ,
             he
             staid
             the
             March
             of
             the
             Army
             ,
             and
             took
             care
             of
             him
             ,
             as
             one
             of
             his
             own
             Captains
             ,
             or
             Joynt
             Comander
             in
             Chief
             .
             This
             gave
             suspicion
             of
             foul
             play
             in
             the
             Business
             of
             Chaeronea
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             because
             Sylla
             had
             discharged
             all
             the
             Friends
             of
             Mithridates
             ,
             taken
             Prisoners
             in
             War
             ,
             save
             only
             Aristion
             the
             Tyrant
             ,
             whom
             disaffected
             to
             Archelaus
             ,
             he
             made
             away
             by
             Poison
             ;
             but
             more
             especially
             the
             ten
             Thousand
             Acres
             of
             Baeotian
             Land
             ,
             given
             to
             a
             Cappadocian
             ,
             and
             him
             styled
             by
             Sylla
             ,
             Friend
             and
             Allie
             of
             the
             Romans
             .
             
             For
             all
             which
             ,
             Sylla
             apologizeth
             in
             his
             Memoirs
             .
          
           
             The
             Embassadors
             of
             Mithridates
             arriving
             ,
             and
             withal
             declaring
             ,
             That
             they
             accepted
             of
             the
             Conditions
             ,
             only
             Paphlagonia
             they
             could
             not
             part
             with
             ,
             and
             as
             for
             the
             Ships
             ,
             they
             knew
             of
             no
             such
             Capitulation
             ;
             Sylla
             in
             a
             rage
             answered
             ,
             
               What
               say
               you
               ;
               does
            
             Mithridates
             
               then
               with-hold
            
             Paphlagonia
             ?
             
               and
               as
               to
               the
               Ships
               ,
               denies
               he
               that
               Article
               ?
               Whom
               I
               thought
               to
               have
               seen
               prostrate
               at
               my
               foot
               ,
               had
               I
               left
               him
               only
               that
               right
               hand
               of
               his
               ,
               which
               cut
               off
               so
               many
            
             Romans
             .
             
               Sure
               he
               will
               shortly
               ,
               at
               our
               coming
               over
               into
            
             Asia
             ,
             
               speak
               another
               Language
               ;
               in
               the
               mean
               time
               ,
               let
               him
               at
               his
               ease
               in
            
             Pergamus
             ,
             
               sit
               managing
               a
               War
               which
               he
               never
               saw
               .
            
             The
             Embassadors
             out
             of
             fear
             stood
             silent
             by
             ,
             but
             Archelaus
             with
             humble
             supplication
             asswag'd
             his
             wrath
             ,
             laying
             gentle
             hold
             on
             his
             right
             hand
             and
             weeping
             ;
             in
             the
             conclusion
             he
             obtained
             to
             be
             sent
             Embassador
             to
             Mithridates
             .
             For
             that
             he
             would
             either
             Mediate
             a
             Peace
             ,
             to
             the
             satisfaction
             of
             Sylla
             or
             ,
             if
             not
             ,
             slay
             himself
             .
             Sylla
             having
             thus
             dispatched
             him
             away
             ,
             made
             an
             Inroad
             into
             Media
             ,
             and
             after
             wide
             Depopulation
             returned
             back
             again
             into
             Macedon
             ,
             where
             he
             received
             Archelaus
             about
             Philippi
             ,
             bringing
             word
             that
             all
             things
             were
             well
             ,
             and
             moreover
             that
             Mithridates
             earnestly
             requested
             
             an
             interview
             .
             The
             chief
             cause
             of
             this
             meeting
             was
             Fimbria
             ;
             for
             he
             having
             assassinated
             Flaccus
             the
             Consul
             ,
             one
             holding
             of
             the
             contrary
             Faction
             ,
             and
             worsted
             the
             Mithridatick
             Commanders
             ,
             was
             advancing
             against
             Mithridates
             himself
             ,
             who
             fearing
             this
             ,
             chose
             rather
             to
             enter
             into
             Alliance
             with
             Sylla
             .
          
           
             There
             met
             at
             Dardanus
             of
             Troas
             ,
             on
             one
             side
             Mithridates
             ,
             attended
             with
             two
             hundred
             Ships
             compleatly
             equipped
             ,
             and
             of
             Land
             forces
             twenty
             thousand
             Men
             of
             Arms
             ,
             two
             thousand
             Horse
             ,
             and
             a
             large
             train
             of
             Sythed-Chariots
             :
             on
             the
             other
             ,
             Sylla
             with
             only
             four
             Cohorts
             ,
             and
             two
             hundred
             Horse
             .
             As
             Mithridates
             drew
             near
             and
             put
             out
             his
             hand
             ,
             Sylla
             demanded
             ,
             Whether
             he
             was
             willing
             or
             no
             to
             end
             the
             War
             on
             what
             Archelaus
             had
             agreed
             to
             ?
             but
             seeing
             the
             King
             made
             no
             answer
             ,
             
               Why
               then
            
             (
             said
             he
             )
             
               it
               behoveth
               the
               distressed
               to
               speak
               first
               ,
               and
               as
               for
               the
               Conquerors
               it
               is
               sufficient
               to
               give
               audience
               .
            
             And
             when
             Mithridates
             ,
             entering
             upon
             his
             Plea
             ▪
             began
             slily
             to
             shift
             off
             the
             War
             ,
             partly
             on
             the
             Gods
             ,
             and
             partly
             to
             blame
             the
             Romans
             themselves
             ,
             he
             took
             him
             up
             ,
             saying
             ,
             That
             he
             had
             heard
             indeed
             long
             since
             from
             others
             ,
             and
             now
             knew
             it
             himself
             for
             truth
             ,
             that
             Mithridates
             was
             a
             powerful
             speaker
             ,
             who
             to
             set
             off
             such
             foul
             and
             unjust
             practices
             ,
             wanted
             not
             for
             handsome
             pretences
             .
             
             Then
             charging
             him
             with
             ,
             and
             inveighing
             bitterly
             against
             outrages
             by
             him
             committed
             ,
             he
             askt
             again
             ,
             Whether
             he
             was
             willing
             or
             no
             ,
             to
             ratifie
             the
             Treaty
             of
             
               Archelaus
               ?
               Mithridates
            
             answering
             in
             the
             affirmative
             ,
             Sylla
             ran
             into
             and
             embracing
             kissed
             him
             .
             Not
             long
             after
             he
             introduced
             Ariobarzanes
             and
             Nicomedes
             ,
             the
             two
             Kings
             ,
             and
             made
             them
             all
             Friends
             .
             Wherefore
             Mithridates
             ,
             when
             he
             had
             furnisht
             Sylla
             with
             seventy
             Ships
             ,
             and
             500
             Archers
             ,
             set
             sail
             for
             Pontus
             .
          
           
             Sylla
             perceiving
             the
             Soldiers
             to
             be
             dissatisfied
             with
             the
             Peace
             ,
             for
             the
             most
             pernicious
             of
             Kings
             ,
             and
             one
             who
             had
             caused
             one
             hundred
             and
             fifty
             thousand
             Romans
             to
             be
             massacred
             in
             one
             day
             throughout
             Asia
             ;
             they
             thought
             it
             a
             heinous
             thing
             to
             behold
             him
             sailing
             out
             with
             the
             Riches
             and
             Spoils
             of
             Asia
             ,
             which
             he
             had
             pillaged
             ,
             and
             put
             under
             contribution
             for
             the
             space
             of
             four
             years
             ;
             )
             alledged
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             not
             able
             to
             have
             made
             head
             against
             Fimbria
             and
             Mithridates
             ,
             had
             they
             both
             withstood
             him
             in
             Conjunction
             .
             Thence
             he
             arose
             and
             went
             in
             search
             of
             Fimbria
             ,
             who
             lay
             with
             the
             Army
             about
             Thiatira
             ,
             and
             pitching
             hard
             by
             ,
             began
             to
             fortifie
             himself
             with
             a
             Trench
             .
             The
             Soldiers
             of
             Fimbria
             came
             out
             in
             their
             single
             Coats
             ,
             and
             saluting
             his
             men
             ,
             lent
             ready
             assistance
             to
             the
             work
             ,
             which
             change
             
             Fimbria
             beholding
             ,
             and
             withal
             apprehending
             Sylla
             as
             irreconcileable
             ,
             laid
             violent
             hands
             on
             himself
             in
             the
             Camp.
             
          
           
             Sylla
             impos'd
             on
             Asia
             in
             general
             a
             Tax
             of
             twenty
             thousand
             Talents
             ,
             and
             particularly
             wasted
             each
             Family
             by
             the
             licentious
             behaviour
             ,
             and
             long
             residence
             of
             the
             Soldiery
             in
             private
             Quarters
             .
             For
             he
             ordained
             ,
             that
             every
             Host
             should
             allow
             himself
             four
             Tetradrachma's
             each
             day
             ,
             and
             moreover
             entertain
             him
             ,
             and
             as
             many
             Friends
             as
             he
             should
             invite
             ,
             with
             a
             Supper
             ;
             that
             a
             Centurion
             should
             receive
             fifty
             Drachma's
             a
             day
             ,
             together
             with
             one
             Sute
             of
             Clothes
             to
             wear
             within
             doors
             ,
             and
             another
             when
             he
             went
             abroad
             .
          
           
             Having
             put
             off
             from
             Ephesus
             with
             the
             whole
             Navy
             ,
             he
             came
             the
             third
             day
             to
             Anchor
             in
             the
             Pirean
             Haven
             .
             Here
             he
             was
             initiated
             in
             the
             Mysteries
             of
             the
             Goddess
             Ceres
             ,
             and
             seizing
             to
             his
             use
             the
             Library
             of
             Apellicon
             a
             Teian
             ,
             in
             which
             were
             most
             of
             Theophrastus
             and
             
             Aristotle's
             Works
             ,
             then
             unknown
             to
             most
             ,
             he
             transported
             the
             same
             to
             Rome
             .
             It
             's
             said
             ,
             That
             Turannion
             the
             Grammarian
             made
             his
             Collection
             chiefly
             from
             hence
             ,
             and
             that
             Andronicus
             the
             Rhodian
             having
             through
             his
             means
             the
             Command
             of
             divers
             Copies
             ,
             put
             out
             those
             Heads
             of
             Treatises
             which
             be
             common
             now
             in
             every
             Mans
             hands
             ,
             under
             the
             Title
             of
             Tables
             .
             
             The
             ancient
             Peripateticks
             were
             of
             themselves
             indeed
             Men
             of
             Polite
             and
             Universal
             Learning
             ;
             but
             of
             all
             the
             Writings
             of
             Aristotle
             and
             Theophrastus
             ,
             they
             had
             no
             exact
             knowledge
             ;
             because
             Theophrastus
             bequeathing
             his
             Study
             to
             the
             Heir
             of
             
               Neleus
               Sceptius
            
             ,
             these
             happ'ned
             to
             fall
             into
             rude
             and
             illiterate
             Hands
             .
          
           
             During
             
             Sylla's
             stays
             about
             Athens
             ,
             there
             fell
             into
             his
             Feet
             a
             lumpish
             benuming
             Pain
             ,
             which
             Strabo
             calls
             ,
             
               the
               first
               fetterring
               on
               of
               the
               Gout
               .
            
             Wherefore
             taking
             a
             Voyage
             to
             Adipsus
             ,
             he
             made
             use
             of
             the
             Hot
             Waters
             there
             ,
             easing
             his
             thoughts
             of
             Care
             likewise
             ,
             and
             merrily
             passing
             away
             the
             time
             with
             Drolls
             .
             As
             he
             was
             walking
             along
             the
             Sea-shore
             ,
             certain
             Fishermen
             brought
             him
             a
             lovely
             Present
             of
             Fish
             .
             Being
             taken
             therewith
             ,
             and
             understanding
             that
             they
             were
             Men
             of
             Alaeae
             ,
             What
             ,
             said
             he
             ,
             be
             there
             any
             of
             Alaeae
             surviving
             ?
             (
             For
             having
             won
             the
             Field
             at
             Archomenus
             ,
             in
             the
             heat
             of
             a
             Pursuit
             he
             had
             destroyed
             three
             Cities
             of
             
               Baeotia
               ,
               Anthedon
               ,
               Larymna
            
             ,
             and
             Alaeae
             .
             )
             The
             Men
             knowing
             not
             what
             to
             say
             for
             fear
             ,
             Sylla
             with
             a
             smiling
             Countenance
             bad
             them
             cheer
             up
             and
             return
             in
             peace
             ,
             as
             who
             had
             brought
             with
             them
             no
             small
             or
             contemptible
             Intercessors
             .
             The
             Alaei
             from
             hence
             took
             Courage
             ,
             and
             embodying
             ,
             re-entred
             the
             City
             .
          
           
           
             Sylla
             having
             march'd
             through
             Thessaly
             ,
             and
             Mecedon
             ,
             down
             to
             the
             Sea-coast
             ,
             prepared
             with
             twelve
             hundred
             Vessels
             to
             cross
             over
             from
             Dyrrachium
             to
             Brundisium
             .
             Not
             far
             from
             hence
             is
             Appollonia
             ,
             and
             near
             it
             a
             spot
             of
             Ground
             dedicated
             to
             the
             Nymphes
             ,
             which
             from
             among
             flowry
             Dales
             and
             Meads
             discovers
             here
             and
             there
             springs
             of
             Fire
             continually
             streaming
             out
             .
             Here
             ,
             they
             say
             ,
             was
             a
             Satyr
             ,
             such
             as
             Statuaries
             and
             Painters
             represent
             ,
             found
             sleeping
             ,
             and
             brought
             before
             Sylla
             ,
             where
             he
             was
             ask'd
             by
             several
             Interpreters
             who
             he
             was
             ,
             when
             with
             much
             ado
             he
             sent
             forth
             a
             harsh
             unintelligible
             Noise
             ,
             like
             the
             Neighing
             of
             a
             Horse
             ,
             and
             crying
             of
             a
             Goat
             ,
             in
             mixt
             Consort
             :
             Sylla
             dismay'd
             at
             it
             ,
             turned
             aside
             in
             detestation
             .
          
           
             At
             the
             point
             of
             Transportation
             ,
             because
             Sylla
             was
             concerned
             ,
             least
             at
             the
             first
             setting
             foot
             upon
             Italy
             ,
             the
             Army
             should
             dissolve
             of
             it self
             one
             by
             one
             among
             the
             Cities
             ,
             they
             of
             their
             own
             accord
             first
             took
             an
             Oath
             to
             stand
             firm
             by
             him
             ,
             and
             with
             good-will
             not
             to
             injure
             Italy
             ;
             then
             seeing
             him
             straitned
             for
             a
             round
             summ
             of
             Money
             ,
             they
             readily
             offered
             their
             assistance
             ,
             and
             contributed
             each
             Man
             according
             to
             his
             Ability
             .
             However
             Sylla
             would
             not
             accept
             of
             the
             Benevolence
             ,
             but
             praising
             their
             Good-will
             ,
             and
             withall
             rowzing
             up
             their
             Courage
             ,
             he
             put
             over
             (
             as
             himself
             writes
             )
             against
             fifteen
             
             Commanders
             ,
             with
             four
             hundred
             and
             fifty
             Cohorts
             under
             them
             .
          
           
             The
             happy
             success
             of
             Affairs
             was
             plainly
             foretold
             him
             by
             the
             Divine
             Power
             ;
             for
             as
             he
             was
             sacrificing
             at
             his
             first
             landing
             about
             Tarentum
             ,
             the
             Liver
             seemed
             to
             have
             on
             it
             the
             figure
             of
             a
             Crown
             of
             Laurel
             ,
             with
             two
             Labels
             pendant
             .
             And
             little
             while
             before
             his
             arrival
             ,
             in
             Campania
             ,
             about
             the
             Mountain
             Hephaeus
             ,
             two
             stately
             Goats
             were
             seen
             ,
             in
             a
             Rencounter
             by
             day
             ,
             performing
             like
             Men
             in
             a
             Battel
             .
             This
             Apparition
             rising
             up
             gradually
             from
             the
             ground
             ,
             dispersed
             several
             through
             the
             Heavens
             ,
             like
             to
             fancied
             Representations
             in
             the
             Clouds
             ,
             and
             so
             vanish'd
             out
             of
             sight
             .
             Not
             long
             after
             ,
             in
             the
             self-same
             place
             ,
             when
             Martius
             the
             younger
             ,
             and
             Norbanus
             the
             Consul
             attack'd
             him
             with
             two
             great
             Armies
             ,
             without
             prescribing
             the
             Order
             of
             Battle
             ,
             or
             ranging
             his
             Men
             according
             to
             their
             Divisions
             ,
             by
             the
             sway
             only
             of
             one
             common
             Alacrity
             and
             Transport
             of
             Courage
             ,
             he
             overturn'd
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             shut
             up
             Norbanus
             into
             the
             City
             of
             Capua
             ,
             with
             the
             loss
             of
             seven
             thousand
             of
             his
             Men.
             This
             was
             the
             reason
             ,
             says
             he
             ,
             that
             the
             Soldiers
             disbanded
             not
             throughout
             the
             Towns
             ,
             but
             stuck
             close
             together
             ,
             and
             despised
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             though
             infinitely
             more
             in
             number
             .
          
           
           
             At
             Silvium
             (
             as
             he
             himself
             relates
             it
             )
             there
             met
             him
             a
             Servant
             of
             Pontius
             ,
             an
             Enthusiast
             ,
             saying
             ,
             That
             he
             brought
             him
             the
             power
             of
             the
             Sword
             and
             Victory
             from
             Bellona
             ,
             the
             Goddess
             of
             War
             ;
             and
             if
             he
             hasted
             not
             ,
             that
             the
             Capitol
             would
             be
             burnt
             ;
             which
             fell
             out
             on
             the
             same
             day
             the
             Man
             foretold
             it
             ,
             namely
             on
             the
             sixth
             day
             of
             the
             Month
             Quintilis
             ,
             which
             we
             now
             call
             July
             .
          
           
             Moreover
             ,
             at
             
               Fidentia
               ,
               Marcus
               Lucullus
            
             ,
             one
             of
             Sylla's
             Commanders
             ,
             reposed
             such
             confidence
             in
             the
             sprightly
             forwardness
             of
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             as
             to
             dare
             to
             face
             fifty
             Cohorts
             of
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             with
             only
             sixteen
             of
             his
             own
             ;
             but
             because
             many
             of
             them
             were
             unarmed
             ,
             delayed
             the
             Onset
             .
             As
             he
             stood
             thus
             in
             gaze
             ,
             considering
             with
             himself
             ,
             a
             gentle
             gale
             of
             Wind
             bearing
             along
             with
             it
             from
             the
             neighbouring
             Meadows
             ,
             an
             innumerable
             company
             of
             Flowers
             ,
             threw
             them
             in
             scatteringly
             among
             the
             Army
             ;
             which
             falling
             about
             casually
             ,
             and
             resting
             upon
             the
             Shields
             and
             Helmets
             ,
             shew'd
             them
             to
             the
             Enemy
             as
             crown'd
             with
             Chaplets
             .
             Upon
             this
             being
             further
             animated
             ,
             they
             joyned
             Battel
             ,
             and
             victoriously
             slaying
             eight
             thousand
             Men
             ,
             took
             the
             Camp.
             This
             Lucullus
             was
             Brother
             to
             that
             Lucullus
             who
             in
             after-times
             conquered
             Mithridates
             and
             Tygranes
             .
          
           
           
             Sylla
             seeing
             himself
             surrounded
             with
             so
             many
             Armies
             ,
             and
             such
             mighty
             Powers
             ,
             had
             recourse
             to
             Art
             ,
             inviting
             Scipio
             the
             other
             Consul
             to
             a
             Treaty
             of
             Peace
             .
             The
             Motion
             was
             willingly
             embrac'd
             ,
             and
             thereupon
             followed
             several
             Meetings
             and
             Consultations
             ,
             in
             all
             which
             Sylla
             interposing
             still
             matter
             of
             delay
             and
             new
             Pretences
             ,
             in
             the
             mean
             while
             debauched
             Scipio's
             Men
             by
             Under-instruments
             of
             his
             own
             ,
             who
             in
             subtil
             train
             and
             all
             the
             Methods
             of
             Inveigling
             ,
             were
             as
             well
             practised
             as
             the
             General
             himself
             .
             For
             entring
             into
             the
             Enemies
             Quarters
             ,
             and
             intermixing
             ,
             they
             wrought
             off
             some
             by
             present
             Money
             ,
             some
             by
             Promises
             ,
             others
             by
             fair
             Words
             and
             Perswasions
             ;
             so
             as
             in
             the
             end
             ,
             when
             Sylla
             with
             twenty
             Cohorts
             drew
             near
             ,
             they
             came
             forth
             to
             salute
             him
             ,
             leaving
             Scipio
             behind
             them
             in
             his
             Tent
             ,
             where
             he
             was
             found
             all
             alone
             and
             dismissed
             .
             Thus
             Sylla
             having
             used
             twenty
             Cohorts
             as
             Stales
             ,
             to
             draw
             in
             forty
             more
             Cohorts
             of
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             led
             them
             all
             back
             into
             the
             Camp.
             On
             this
             occasion
             Carbo
             was
             heard
             to
             say
             ,
             
               That
               having
               a
               Fox
               and
               a
               Lion
               in
               the
               Breast
               of
            
             Sylla
             
               to
               deal
               with
               ,
               he
               was
               plagued
               most
               with
               the
               Fox
               .
            
          
           
             Some
             time
             after
             ,
             at
             
               Signium
               ,
               Marius
            
             the
             younger
             ,
             with
             eighty
             five
             Cohorts
             ,
             offered
             Battel
             to
             Sylla
             ,
             who
             was
             extreamly
             desirous
             to
             have
             it
             decided
             on
             that
             very
             day
             ;
             
             for
             the
             night
             before
             he
             had
             seen
             a
             Vision
             ,
             which
             to
             his
             thoughts
             represented
             Marius
             the
             Elder
             ,
             who
             had
             been
             long
             since
             dead
             ,
             advising
             his
             Son
             Marius
             to
             beware
             of
             the
             following
             day
             ,
             as
             of
             fatal
             consequence
             to
             him
             .
             For
             this
             reason
             Sylla
             ,
             longing
             to
             come
             to
             a
             Battel
             ,
             sent
             to
             the
             Camp
             afar
             off
             for
             Dolabella
             .
             But
             because
             the
             Enemy
             had
             beset
             and
             lock'd
             up
             the
             Passes
             ,
             his
             Soldiers
             were
             exceedingly
             tired
             by
             Skirmishing
             and
             Marching
             at
             once
             .
             To
             these
             difficulties
             was
             added
             moreover
             tempestuous
             rainy
             Weather
             ,
             which
             distressed
             them
             most
             of
             all
             ;
             wherefore
             the
             Principal
             Leaders
             came
             to
             Sylla
             ,
             and
             besought
             him
             to
             defer
             the
             day
             ,
             shewing
             him
             withall
             how
             the
             Soldiers
             lay
             all
             along
             on
             the
             Ground
             ,
             cast
             down
             with
             Toil
             ,
             and
             leaning
             upon
             the
             Target
             .
             When
             with
             much
             difficulty
             he
             had
             yielded
             ,
             and
             given
             order
             for
             the
             setling
             of
             the
             Camp
             ,
             they
             had
             no
             sooner
             begun
             to
             cast
             up
             a
             Rampart
             ,
             and
             draw
             a
             Ditch
             across
             ,
             but
             Marius
             came
             riding
             up
             furiously
             at
             the
             Head
             of
             his
             Troops
             ,
             in
             hopes
             to
             have
             scattered
             them
             in
             that
             disorder
             and
             confusion
             .
             Here
             the
             Gods
             fulfilled
             Sylla's
             Dream
             :
             For
             the
             Soldiers
             stirred
             up
             with
             anger
             ,
             left
             off
             to
             work
             ,
             and
             sticking
             their
             Piles
             on
             the
             Bank
             ,
             with
             drawn
             Swords
             and
             a
             couragious
             Shout
             ,
             came
             to
             handy
             blows
             with
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             who
             made
             but
             small
             resistance
             ,
             and
             
             were
             miserably
             slain
             in
             the
             Flight
             .
             Marius
             fled
             to
             Praeneste
             ,
             but
             finding
             the
             Gates
             shut
             ,
             tied
             himself
             round
             by
             a
             Rope
             ,
             that
             was
             thrown
             down
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             was
             taken
             up
             on
             the
             Walls
             .
             Some
             there
             are
             (
             as
             Fenestella
             for
             one
             )
             who
             affirm
             that
             Marius
             knew
             nothing
             of
             the
             Fight
             ,
             but
             over-watch'd
             and
             spent
             with
             hard
             Duty
             ,
             had
             reposed
             himself
             ,
             when
             the
             Signal
             was
             given
             ,
             beneath
             some
             Shade
             ,
             and
             was
             hardly
             to
             be
             awakned
             at
             the
             Flight
             of
             his
             Men.
             Sylla
             (
             according
             to
             his
             own
             account
             )
             lost
             only
             three
             Men
             in
             this
             Brush
             ,
             having
             killed
             of
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             twenty
             thousand
             ,
             and
             taken
             alive
             eight
             thousand
             .
          
           
             The
             like
             Success
             had
             others
             of
             his
             Commanders
             ,
             as
             
               Pompey
               ,
               Crassus
               ,
               Metellus
               ,
               Servilius
               ,
            
             who
             with
             little
             or
             no
             loss
             cut
             off
             vast
             numbers
             of
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             insomuch
             as
             Carbo
             ,
             the
             prime
             Supporter
             of
             the
             Cause
             ,
             fled
             by
             night
             from
             his
             Charge
             of
             the
             Army
             ,
             and
             sailed
             over
             into
             Libya
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             last
             Encounter
             ,
             the
             
               Samnite
               Telesinus
            
             ,
             like
             to
             some
             Champion
             whose
             lot
             it
             is
             to
             enter
             last
             of
             all
             into
             the
             List
             ,
             and
             take
             up
             the
             wearied
             Conqueror
             ,
             came
             nigh
             to
             have
             foiled
             and
             overthrown
             Sylla
             before
             the
             Gates
             of
             Rome
             .
             For
             Telesinus
             with
             his
             second
             Lamponius
             the
             Lucan
             ,
             having
             drawn
             together
             huge
             Levies
             of
             Men
             ,
             made
             all
             hast
             toward
             Praeneste
             ,
             to
             free
             Marius
             from
             
             the
             Siege
             ;
             but
             perceiving
             Sylla
             at
             the
             Head
             of
             him
             ,
             and
             Pompey
             in
             the
             Tail
             ,
             both
             making
             violently
             at
             him
             ,
             streightned
             thus
             before
             and
             behind
             ,
             he
             ,
             as
             a
             valiant
             and
             expert
             Soldier
             ,
             arose
             by
             night
             ,
             and
             marching
             directly
             with
             his
             whole
             Army
             ,
             had
             like
             to
             have
             fallen
             unexpectedly
             into
             Rome
             it self
             .
             He
             lay
             that
             night
             before
             the
             City
             ,
             some
             ten
             Furlongs
             off
             from
             the
             Gate
             Collatina
             ,
             all
             jocund
             and
             swoln
             with
             further
             Hopes
             ,
             as
             having
             already
             bafled
             so
             many
             eminent
             Commanders
             by
             Stratagem
             :
             At
             break
             of
             day
             being
             charged
             by
             the
             Noble
             Youth
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             among
             many
             others
             ,
             he
             overthrew
             
               Appius
               Claudius
            
             ,
             a
             Person
             renowned
             for
             Nobleness
             of
             Blood
             and
             Valour
             .
             The
             City
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             easie
             to
             imagine
             ,
             was
             all
             in
             an
             Uproar
             ,
             the
             Women
             shrieking
             and
             running
             about
             ,
             as
             if
             he
             had
             been
             entred
             forcibly
             by
             Assault
             ,
             till
             at
             last
             Balbus
             advanced
             ,
             with
             seven
             hundred
             Horse
             on
             full
             speed
             ,
             and
             after
             some
             small
             halt
             made
             for
             rubbing
             and
             bridling
             again
             ,
             fell
             into
             skirmish
             with
             the
             Enemy
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             Sylla
             appeared
             ,
             and
             commanding
             the
             formost
             to
             take
             refreshment
             ,
             drew
             into
             order
             .
             Dolabella
             and
             Torquatus
             were
             extreme
             earnest
             with
             him
             to
             desist
             a
             while
             ,
             and
             not
             with
             spent
             Forces
             to
             hazard
             the
             whole
             sum
             of
             Affairs
             ,
             having
             before
             them
             in
             the
             Field
             not
             Carbo
             or
             Marius
             ,
             but
             two
             warlike
             Nations
             ,
             bearing
             immortal
             
             hatred
             to
             Rome
             ,
             the
             Samnites
             and
             Lucans
             to
             grapple
             with
             ;
             but
             he
             put
             them
             by
             ,
             and
             commanded
             the
             Trumpets
             to
             sound
             a
             Charge
             ,
             about
             four
             a
             Clock
             in
             the
             afternoon
             .
             In
             this
             Conflict
             ,
             which
             was
             the
             sharpest
             as
             ever
             was
             ,
             the
             Right-wing
             ,
             where
             Crassus
             stood
             embattelled
             ,
             had
             clearly
             the
             advantage
             ;
             the
             Left
             was
             overcharged
             ,
             and
             in
             a
             declining
             condition
             ,
             when
             Sylla
             came
             to
             its
             succour
             ,
             mounted
             on
             a
             white
             Courser
             ,
             full
             of
             mettle
             ,
             and
             exceeding
             swift
             of
             foot
             ,
             which
             two
             of
             the
             Enemy
             knowing
             him
             by
             ,
             had
             their
             Lances
             in
             a
             readiness
             to
             cast
             ;
             but
             this
             Gentleman
             giving
             the
             Horse
             a
             touch
             ,
             he
             was
             ,
             unknown
             to
             himself
             ,
             so
             far
             advanced
             ,
             as
             that
             the
             Points
             falling
             beside
             the
             Horse-tail
             ,
             stuck
             in
             the
             Ground
             .
             There
             goes
             a
             Story
             ,
             That
             having
             a
             golden
             Image
             of
             Apollo
             from
             Delphos
             ,
             he
             was
             always
             wont
             in
             the
             day
             of
             Battel
             to
             carry
             it
             about
             him
             in
             his
             Bosom
             ,
             and
             that
             then
             he
             kissed
             it
             ,
             with
             these
             words
             :
             O
             Apollo
             Pythius
             ,
             
               the
               Fortunate
            
             Cornelius
             Sylla
             ,
             
               whom
               in
               so
               many
               Battels
               thou
               hast
               raised
               to
               Honour
               and
               Greatness
               ,
               wilt
               thou
               now
               cast
               down
               ,
               bringing
               him
               before
               the
               Gate
               of
               his
               Country
               ,
               to
               perish
               shamefully
               with
               his
               Fellow
               Citizens
               ?
            
             After
             he
             had
             thus
             addressed
             himself
             to
             the
             God
             ,
             some
             of
             his
             Men
             he
             intreated
             ,
             some
             he
             threatned
             ,
             and
             others
             he
             laid
             hold
             on
             ,
             till
             at
             length
             the
             left
             Wing
             being
             wholly
             shattered
             ,
             
             he
             was
             forc'd
             in
             Company
             of
             the
             Rout
             to
             betake
             himself
             to
             the
             Camp
             ,
             having
             lost
             many
             of
             his
             Friends
             and
             Acquaintance
             ;
             many
             likewise
             of
             the
             City-spectators
             were
             trod
             to
             Death
             .
             So
             as
             Common
             Fame
             gave
             the
             City
             for
             taken
             ,
             and
             had
             like
             to
             have
             raised
             the
             Siege
             of
             Praeneste
             ;
             many
             who
             escaped
             by
             Flight
             posting
             thither
             ,
             and
             advising
             
               Lucretius
               Offella
            
             (
             who
             was
             appointed
             to
             keep
             on
             the
             Siege
             )
             to
             rise
             in
             all
             haste
             ,
             for
             that
             Sylla
             was
             defeated
             ,
             and
             Rome
             fallen
             into
             the
             Hands
             of
             the
             Enemy
             .
          
           
             About
             Midnight
             there
             came
             into
             
             Sylla's
             Camp
             Messengers
             from
             Crassus
             ,
             to
             fetch
             Provision
             for
             him
             and
             his
             Soldiers
             ;
             for
             having
             vanquish'd
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             they
             pursu'd
             him
             to
             the
             Walls
             of
             Antemna
             ,
             and
             had
             sat
             down
             there
             .
             Sylla
             hearing
             this
             ,
             and
             that
             most
             of
             the
             Enemy
             were
             destroyed
             ,
             came
             to
             Antemna
             by
             break
             of
             day
             ,
             where
             three
             Thousand
             of
             the
             Besieged
             having
             sent
             forth
             a
             Herald
             ,
             he
             promis'd
             to
             receive
             them
             to
             Mercy
             ,
             on
             condition
             they
             did
             the
             Enemy
             mischief
             in
             their
             coming
             over
             .
             Trusting
             to
             his
             Word
             ,
             they
             fell
             foul
             on
             the
             rest
             of
             their
             Companions
             ,
             and
             made
             a
             great
             Slaughter
             one
             of
             another
             ;
             but
             however
             Sylla
             gathered
             together
             in
             the
             Cirque
             ,
             as
             well
             those
             as
             others
             of
             the
             remaining
             party
             ,
             to
             the
             number
             of
             seven
             Thousand
             ,
             and
             as
             he
             
             was
             speaking
             to
             the
             Senate
             in
             the
             Temple
             of
             Bellona
             ,
             causeth
             them
             all
             to
             be
             slain
             ,
             by
             Men
             appointed
             for
             that
             Service
             .
             The
             cry
             ,
             as
             must
             needs
             be
             ,
             of
             so
             vast
             a
             multitude
             put
             to
             the
             Sword
             ,
             in
             so
             narrow
             a
             space
             ,
             flying
             abroad
             and
             startling
             the
             Senators
             ;
             he
             ,
             as
             he
             was
             speaking
             ,
             with
             a
             secure
             unconcern'd
             Countenance
             ,
             bad
             them
             listen
             to
             what
             he
             had
             to
             say
             ,
             and
             not
             busie
             themselves
             with
             what
             was
             a
             doing
             without
             doors
             ;
             for
             himself
             had
             ordered
             the
             Chastisement
             of
             a
             few
             naughty
             People
             .
             This
             gave
             the
             most
             stupid
             of
             the
             Romans
             to
             understand
             ,
             that
             they
             had
             made
             an
             exchange
             only
             of
             Tyrannical
             Government
             ,
             not
             a
             change
             .
             Marius
             ,
             being
             in
             himself
             austere
             ,
             altered
             not
             ,
             but
             confirmed
             Nature
             by
             Authority
             ;
             whereas
             Sylla
             behaving
             himself
             moderately
             and
             prudently
             at
             first
             ,
             and
             giving
             good
             hopes
             of
             a
             true
             Patriot
             ,
             firm
             to
             the
             Interests
             both
             of
             the
             Nobility
             and
             Commonalty
             ,
             being
             moreover
             of
             a
             gay
             pleasant
             humour
             from
             his
             youth
             ,
             and
             of
             such
             a
             melting
             compassionate
             disposition
             ,
             as
             to
             weep
             easily
             ,
             has
             perhaps
             deservedly
             cast
             a
             Blemish
             upon
             the
             higher
             Offices
             of
             State
             ,
             as
             if
             these
             put
             us
             beside
             our
             former
             course
             of
             Life
             ,
             and
             were
             occasion
             of
             Folly
             ,
             Pride
             ,
             Inhumanity
             .
             This
             whether
             it
             be
             real
             change
             ,
             and
             new
             frame
             of
             Mind
             ,
             arising
             from
             Fortune
             ,
             or
             rather
             a
             malicious
             sly
             Nature
             ,
             discovering
             it self
             in
             
             Authority
             ,
             to
             decide
             were
             matter
             of
             another
             sort
             of
             Disquisition
             .
          
           
             Now
             that
             Sylla
             was
             wholly
             bent
             upon
             ,
             slaughter
             ,
             and
             filled
             the
             Town
             incessantly
             with
             infinite
             Executions
             ,
             (
             many
             disinteressed
             Persons
             falling
             a
             Sacrifice
             to
             private
             Enmity
             ,
             through
             his
             permission
             and
             indulgence
             to
             a
             Party
             )
             
               Cajus
               Metellus
            
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             Noble
             Youths
             ,
             made
             bold
             in
             the
             Senate
             to
             ask
             him
             ,
             what
             ends
             was
             there
             of
             those
             Evils
             ,
             and
             where
             he
             intended
             to
             stop
             ?
             
               We
               pray
               thee
               not
            
             (
             said
             he
             )
             
               to
               pardon
               such
               as
               thou
               hast
               resolved
               to
               destroy
               ,
               but
               to
               free
               from
               doubt
               such
               as
               it
               hath
               pleased
               thee
               to
               save
               .
               Sylla
            
             answering
             ,
             That
             he
             knew
             not
             as
             yet
             whom
             to
             spare
             :
             
               Why
               then
            
             (
             said
             he
             )
             
               tell
               us
               whom
               thou
               wilt
               punish
               .
            
             This
             Sylla
             said
             he
             would
             do
             .
             Those
             last
             Words
             ,
             as
             some
             Authors
             would
             have
             it
             ,
             were
             spoken
             not
             by
             Metellus
             ,
             but
             by
             Offidius
             ,
             one
             of
             Sylla's
             fawning
             Companions
             .
             Immediately
             upon
             this
             ,
             without
             imparting
             the
             matter
             to
             the
             Magistracy
             ,
             Sylla
             proscrib'd
             eighty
             Persons
             ,
             and
             notwithstanding
             the
             generality
             of
             Men
             stomach'd
             it
             ,
             after
             one
             days
             respite
             he
             posted
             two
             hundred
             and
             twenty
             more
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             third
             again
             as
             many
             .
             In
             an
             Harangue
             to
             the
             People
             on
             this
             occasion
             ,
             he
             told
             them
             he
             had
             put
             up
             as
             many
             Names
             as
             he
             could
             think
             of
             ;
             and
             those
             who
             had
             escaped
             his
             memory
             ,
             he
             should
             hereafter
             proclaim
             .
             
             He
             publish'd
             an
             Edict
             likewise
             ,
             making
             Death
             the
             Punishment
             of
             Humanity
             ,
             to
             any
             one
             who
             should
             dare
             to
             receive
             and
             cherish
             an
             Outlaw
             ,
             without
             exception
             to
             Brother
             ,
             Son
             ,
             or
             Parents
             .
             And
             to
             him
             who
             should
             slay
             any
             one
             proscribed
             Person
             ,
             he
             ordained
             two
             Talents
             ,
             as
             a
             Reward
             of
             Parricide
             ,
             whether
             it
             were
             a
             Slave
             ,
             who
             had
             beat
             out
             the
             Brains
             of
             his
             Master
             ,
             or
             a
             Son
             his
             Fathers
             .
             But
             what
             was
             most
             unjust
             of
             all
             ,
             he
             cause'd
             the
             Attainder
             to
             pass
             upon
             their
             Sons
             ,
             and
             Sons
             Sons
             ,
             and
             made
             open
             sale
             of
             the
             Goods
             of
             them
             all
             ;
             nor
             reign'd
             the
             Proscription
             only
             at
             Rome
             ,
             but
             throughout
             all
             the
             Cities
             of
             Italy
             ,
             where
             the
             Effusion
             of
             Blood
             was
             such
             ,
             as
             neither
             the
             Temples
             of
             the
             Gods
             ,
             nor
             Sanctuaries
             ,
             nor
             private
             Houses
             ,
             escaped
             clear
             ;
             Men
             were
             butchered
             in
             the
             Embraces
             of
             their
             Wives
             ,
             Children
             in
             the
             Arms
             of
             their
             Mothers
             .
             They
             who
             fell
             thus
             through
             publick
             hatred
             ,
             or
             private
             spleen
             ,
             were
             nothing
             in
             comparison
             of
             the
             numbers
             of
             those
             who
             suffer'd
             for
             their
             Riches
             .
             The
             Assassin
             might
             safely
             say
             ,
             
               A
               fair
               House
               killed
               this
               Man
               ,
               a
               Garden
               that
               ,
               a
               third
               his
               Hot
               Baths
               .
               Quintus
               Aurelius
               ,
            
             a
             quiet
             peaceable
             Man
             ,
             and
             one
             who
             thought
             it
             his
             Duty
             to
             bear
             a
             part
             in
             the
             common
             Calamity
             ,
             so
             far
             as
             to
             condole
             the
             Misfortunes
             of
             others
             ,
             coming
             into
             the
             Forum
             ,
             and
             finding
             himself
             among
             those
             who
             were
             
             set
             up
             ,
             cried
             out
             ,
             
               Woe
               's
               me
               ,
               my
            
             Alban
             ,
             
               Mannor
               has
               informed
               against
               me
            
             .
             He
             had
             not
             gone
             far
             ,
             before
             he
             was
             dispatched
             by
             a
             Ruffian
             sent
             on
             that
             Errand
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             Marius
             on
             the
             point
             of
             being
             taken
             ,
             killed
             himself
             .
             Sylla
             at
             his
             first
             coming
             to
             Praeneste
             ,
             proceeded
             judicially
             against
             each
             particular
             Person
             ,
             till
             at
             last
             ,
             finding
             it
             a
             Work
             of
             too
             much
             time
             ,
             he
             cooped
             them
             up
             close
             together
             in
             one
             place
             ,
             to
             the
             number
             of
             two
             and
             twenty
             thousand
             Men
             ,
             and
             gave
             order
             for
             the
             Execution
             of
             them
             all
             ,
             his
             Hoast
             only
             excepted
             ;
             but
             he
             brave
             Man
             ,
             scorning
             the
             Obligation
             of
             Life
             it self
             ,
             from
             the
             Hands
             of
             one
             who
             had
             been
             the
             Ruine
             of
             his
             Country
             ,
             plung'd
             into
             the
             Herd
             ,
             and
             submitted
             willingly
             to
             the
             Stroke
             .
             That
             of
             
               Lucius
               Catilina
            
             was
             a
             rare
             Contrivance
             :
             For
             before
             Matters
             came
             to
             an
             issue
             ,
             having
             made
             away
             his
             Brother
             ,
             he
             beseeched
             Sylla
             to
             clap
             him
             into
             the
             List
             of
             Outlawry
             ,
             as
             living
             ,
             and
             was
             so
             ;
             wherefore
             Catiline
             ,
             to
             return
             the
             kind
             Office
             ,
             assassinated
             Marius
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             adverse
             Party
             ,
             and
             brought
             the
             Head
             to
             Sylla
             ,
             as
             he
             was
             sitting
             in
             the
             Court
             of
             Judicature
             ;
             then
             going
             to
             the
             Holy
             Water
             of
             Apollo
             ,
             which
             was
             nigh
             ,
             wash'd
             his
             Hands
             .
          
           
             There
             were
             other
             things
             beside
             matter
             of
             Tragedy
             ,
             which
             gave
             offence
             :
             for
             Sylla
             had
             declared
             himself
             Dictator
             ,
             whereas
             
             that
             Form
             of
             Government
             had
             then
             been
             laid
             aside
             for
             the
             space
             of
             one
             hundred
             and
             twenty
             years
             .
             There
             was
             likewise
             an
             Act
             of
             Grace
             passed
             on
             his
             behalf
             ,
             granting
             Impunity
             for
             what
             was
             past
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             future
             entrusting
             him
             with
             the
             Power
             of
             the
             Sword
             ,
             Confiscations
             ,
             Trasplanting
             of
             Colonies
             ,
             erecting
             and
             demolishing
             of
             Cities
             ,
             taking
             away
             of
             Kingdoms
             ,
             and
             bestowing
             them
             at
             pleasure
             .
             He
             managed
             the
             Sale
             of
             Conficsated
             Goods
             after
             such
             an
             arbitrary
             imperious
             way
             ,
             seated
             on
             a
             Chair
             of
             State
             ,
             amidst
             beautiful
             Women
             ,
             Mimicks
             ,
             Fidlers
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             rascally
             People
             ,
             on
             whom
             he
             squandred
             away
             the
             Revenues
             of
             whole
             Countries
             and
             Cities
             ,
             bestowing
             on
             some
             of
             them
             Ladies
             in
             Marriage
             against
             their
             will
             ;
             so
             as
             his
             Gratuities
             were
             much
             more
             intolerable
             than
             his
             Usurpations
             .
             Having
             a
             mind
             to
             assure
             Pompey
             the
             Great
             by
             a
             nearer
             Tie
             of
             Bloud
             ,
             he
             commanded
             him
             to
             make
             void
             the
             Nuptial
             Bed
             ,
             and
             forcing
             Aemilia
             (
             the
             Daughter
             of
             Scaurus
             and
             Metella
             ,
             his
             own
             Wife
             )
             from
             
               Marcus
               Glabrio
            
             ,
             he
             bestowed
             her
             ,
             great
             with
             Child
             ,
             on
             him
             ;
             but
             she
             died
             in
             Labour
             at
             
             Pompey's
             House
             .
          
           
             When
             
               Lucretius
               Offella
            
             ,
             the
             same
             who
             reduced
             Marius
             by
             Siege
             ,
             put
             in
             and
             push'd
             his
             Fortune
             hard
             for
             the
             Consulship
             ,
             he
             first
             forbad
             him
             ;
             then
             seeing
             he
             could
             not
             restrain
             
             him
             from
             coming
             down
             into
             the
             Forum
             ,
             with
             a
             numerous
             Train
             of
             followers
             ,
             he
             commanded
             a
             Centurion
             of
             the
             Guards
             out
             and
             slew
             him
             ,
             himself
             sitting
             on
             the
             Bench
             in
             the
             Temple
             of
             Castor
             ,
             and
             beholding
             the
             Murder
             from
             above
             .
             The
             Citizens
             apprehending
             the
             Centurion
             ,
             and
             dragging
             him
             to
             the
             Tribunal
             ,
             he
             bad
             them
             cease
             tumultuous
             clamouring
             ,
             and
             let
             go
             the
             Centurion
             ,
             for
             he
             had
             commanded
             it
             .
          
           
             His
             Triumph
             ,
             tho'
             of
             it self
             exceeding
             stately
             ,
             and
             set
             off
             with
             the
             unusual
             Pomp
             ,
             and
             Magnificence
             of
             Royal
             Spoils
             ,
             was
             yet
             further
             illustrated
             ,
             and
             drew
             after
             it
             a
             goodly
             Spectacle
             ,
             
               the
               Exiles
            
             .
             For
             in
             the
             Reer
             followed
             the
             most
             eminent
             and
             most
             potent
             of
             the
             Citizens
             ,
             Crowned
             with
             Garlands
             ,
             and
             calling
             
               Sylla
               ,
               Saviour
               and
               Father
            
             ,
             by
             whose
             means
             they
             were
             restored
             to
             their
             own
             Country
             ,
             and
             again
             enjoyed
             their
             Wives
             and
             Children
             .
             When
             the
             Solemnity
             was
             over
             ,
             and
             the
             time
             come
             to
             render
             an
             Account
             of
             his
             Actions
             ,
             in
             a
             Publick
             Assembly
             ,
             he
             was
             as
             punctual
             in
             innumerating
             the
             lucky
             hits
             of
             War
             ,
             as
             any
             of
             his
             own
             Military
             Vertues
             .
             And
             from
             his
             Faelicity
             it
             was
             ,
             that
             he
             made
             choice
             to
             be
             Surnamed
             Felix
             .
             In
             his
             Addresses
             and
             Answers
             to
             the
             Graecians
             ,
             he
             styled
             himself
             ,
             Epaphroditus
             ,
             or
             
               Beloved
               of
            
             Venus
             .
             
             His
             Trophies
             which
             are
             still
             extant
             with
             us
             ,
             bear
             this
             Inscription
             ,
             
               Lucius
               Cornelius
               Sylla
               Epaphroditus
            
             .
             Moreover
             when
             his
             Wife
             had
             brought
             him
             forth
             twins
             ,
             he
             named
             the
             Male
             Faustus
             ,
             and
             the
             Female
             Fausta
             ;
             by
             which
             words
             the
             Romans
             understand
             Success
             and
             
               Good
               Omen
            
             .
             The
             Confidence
             which
             he
             reposed
             in
             his
             good
             Genius
             ,
             rather
             than
             in
             any
             Abilities
             of
             his
             own
             ,
             emboldned
             him
             ,
             though
             deeply
             engaged
             in
             Blood
             ,
             after
             such
             great
             Changes
             and
             Revolutions
             of
             State
             ,
             to
             lay
             down
             his
             Authority
             ,
             and
             settle
             the
             Right
             of
             Consular
             Elections
             once
             more
             on
             the
             People
             .
             So
             that
             he
             not
             only
             came
             abroad
             ,
             but
             on
             the
             Forum
             exposed
             his
             Person
             publickly
             to
             the
             People
             ,
             walking
             up
             and
             down
             as
             a
             private
             Man.
             And
             whereas
             ,
             contrary
             to
             his
             will
             ,
             a
             certain
             bold
             Man
             ,
             and
             his
             Enemy
             ,
             
               Marcus
               Lepidus
            
             ,
             was
             in
             Election
             to
             be
             Consul
             ,
             not
             by
             his
             own
             Interest
             ,
             but
             by
             the
             Power
             and
             Sollicitation
             of
             Pompey
             ,
             who
             was
             extream
             gracious
             with
             the
             People
             ;
             when
             the
             business
             was
             over
             ,
             seeing
             Pompey
             going
             home
             overjoyed
             with
             the
             Success
             ,
             he
             called
             him
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             said
             ,
             
               Was
               it
               not
               politickly
               done
               of
               you
               ,
               Young
               man
               to
               pass
               by
            
             Catulus
             
               the
               best
               of
               Men
               ,
               and
               chuse
            
             Lepidus
             
               the
               worst
               ?
               Take
               heed
               ,
               and
               look
               to
               thy self
               ,
               or
               the
               Adversary
               thou
               hast
               raised
               will
               be
               too
               hard
               for
               thee
               .
               Sylla
            
             spoke
             this
             it
             may
             seem
             by
             Divine
             Instinct
             ,
             
             for
             not
             long
             after
             Lepidus
             grew
             insolent
             ,
             and
             broke
             into
             open
             defiance
             with
             Pompey
             .
          
           
             Sylla
             consecrating
             the
             Tenth
             of
             his
             whole
             Substance
             unto
             Hercules
             ,
             entertain'd
             the
             People
             with
             sumptuous
             Feastings
             .
             The
             Provision
             was
             so
             much
             above
             what
             was
             necessary
             ,
             as
             that
             they
             were
             forced
             daily
             to
             throw
             great
             quantities
             of
             it
             into
             the
             River
             ,
             and
             drank
             Wine
             forty
             years
             old
             and
             upward
             .
             In
             the
             midst
             of
             the
             Jollity
             ,
             which
             lasted
             many
             days
             ,
             Metella
             died
             of
             a
             Disease
             .
             Now
             because
             that
             the
             Priest
             forbad
             him
             to
             visit
             the
             Sick
             ,
             or
             suffer
             his
             House
             to
             be
             polluted
             with
             Mourning
             ,
             he
             sent
             her
             a
             Bill
             of
             Divorce
             ,
             and
             caused
             her
             to
             be
             removed
             into
             another
             House
             ,
             whilst
             alive
             ;
             in
             this
             he
             observed
             the
             Law
             to
             a
             Tittle
             ,
             out
             of
             Religious
             Superstition
             ;
             but
             as
             for
             the
             Retrenching
             Act
             which
             himself
             made
             ,
             himself
             break
             it
             ,
             sparing
             for
             no
             Funeral
             Cost
             .
             He
             trangressed
             likewise
             for
             his
             own
             Sumptuary
             Laws
             ,
             thinking
             to
             allay
             his
             Grief
             by
             excessive
             Drinking
             and
             Revelling
             .
          
           
             Some
             few
             Months
             after
             ,
             at
             a
             Prize
             of
             Gladiators
             ,
             when
             Men
             and
             Women
             sat
             promiscuously
             in
             the
             Theatre
             ,
             no
             distinct
             Places
             being
             as
             yet
             appointed
             ,
             there
             sat
             by
             Sylla
             a
             beautiful
             Lady
             of
             high
             Birth
             ,
             by
             name
             Valeria
             ,
             Daughter
             of
             Messala
             ,
             and
             Sister
             to
             Hortensius
             the
             Orator
             .
             Now
             it
             
             hapned
             that
             she
             had
             been
             lately
             divorced
             from
             her
             Husband
             .
             The
             same
             came
             gently
             behind
             Sylla
             ,
             and
             putting
             out
             her
             Hand
             ,
             plucked
             a
             lock
             of
             his
             Garment
             ,
             and
             then
             passed
             on
             to
             her
             Seat
             again
             .
             Sylla
             looking
             on
             and
             wondring
             what
             it
             should
             mean
             ;
             
               No
               harm
               ,
               Mighty
               Sir
            
             ,
             (
             said
             she
             )
             
               for
               that
               I
               also
               was
               desirous
               to
               partake
               a
               little
               of
               your
               Felicity
               .
            
             It
             appeared
             straight
             that
             Sylla
             was
             well
             pleased
             ,
             and
             even
             tickled
             with
             the
             Fancy
             ;
             for
             the
             sent
             to
             enquire
             her
             Name
             ,
             her
             Quality
             ,
             and
             Behaviour
             of
             Life
             .
             From
             this
             time
             there
             passed
             between
             them
             many
             an
             amorous
             Glance
             ,
             both
             of
             them
             at
             once
             oftentimes
             turning
             one
             on
             another
             ,
             and
             interchanging
             Smiles
             .
             In
             the
             end
             Overtures
             were
             made
             ,
             and
             a
             Match
             concluded
             on
             .
             All
             which
             was
             innocent
             perhaps
             on
             the
             Ladies
             sides
             ;
             but
             though
             the
             Lady
             was
             never
             so
             modest
             and
             Vertuous
             ,
             it
             was
             no
             such
             modest
             and
             seemly
             beginning
             of
             Love
             in
             Sylla
             ,
             to
             take
             fire
             ,
             as
             became
             Youth
             rather
             ,
             at
             a
             Face
             ,
             and
             buxom
             Humour
             ,
             those
             common
             Incentives
             to
             the
             most
             disorderly
             and
             shameless
             Passions
             .
          
           
             Notwithstanding
             this
             Marriage
             ,
             he
             kept
             company
             with
             Actors
             ,
             Actresses
             ,
             and
             Minstrels
             ,
             drinking
             with
             them
             night
             and
             day
             .
             His
             chief
             Favourites
             were
             ,
             Roscius
             the
             Comedian
             ,
             Sorex
             the
             Arch-Mimick
             ,
             and
             Metrobius
             the
             Woman
             Actor
             ,
             for
             whom
             ,
             
             though
             past
             his
             Prime
             ,
             he
             ever
             retained
             a
             profest
             Kindness
             .
             He
             fell
             by
             these
             Courses
             into
             a
             Disease
             ,
             which
             grew
             so
             leasurely
             upon
             him
             ,
             as
             of
             a
             long
             time
             he
             perceived
             not
             his
             Bowels
             to
             fester
             ,
             till
             at
             length
             the
             corrupted
             Flesh
             broke
             all
             out
             into
             Lice
             .
             Many
             being
             employed
             Day
             and
             Night
             in
             destroying
             them
             ,
             the
             Work
             so
             multiplied
             under
             their
             hands
             ,
             as
             not
             only
             his
             Cloaths
             ,
             Baths
             ,
             Basons
             ,
             but
             his
             very
             Meat
             was
             polluted
             with
             that
             Flux
             and
             Contagion
             ,
             they
             came
             swarming
             out
             in
             such
             numbers
             .
             Wherefore
             he
             went
             often
             by
             day
             into
             the
             Waters
             ,
             to
             scowr
             and
             cleanse
             his
             Body
             ,
             but
             all
             in
             vain
             ;
             the
             Course
             returned
             so
             quick
             ,
             and
             with
             such
             numerous
             Supplies
             ,
             as
             overcame
             all
             manner
             of
             Riddance
             .
             There
             died
             of
             the
             Lowsie
             Disease
             ,
             amongst
             those
             of
             ancient
             note
             ,
             Acastus
             the
             Son
             of
             Pelias
             ;
             of
             later
             date
             ,
             Alcman
             the
             Poet
             ,
             Pherecides
             the
             Theologe
             ,
             Callisthenes
             the
             Olyntian
             in
             the
             time
             of
             his
             Imprisonment
             ,
             as
             also
             Mutius
             the
             Lawyer
             ;
             and
             if
             it
             be
             fit
             to
             bring
             in
             Men
             of
             infamous
             Memory
             ,
             Eunus
             the
             Fugitive
             ,
             who
             stirred
             up
             the
             Slaves
             of
             Sicily
             to
             rebel
             against
             their
             Masters
             ;
             after
             that
             ,
             he
             was
             brought
             Captive
             to
             Rome
             ,
             died
             of
             this
             creeping
             Sickness
             .
          
           
             Sylla
             not
             only
             foresaw
             his
             End
             ,
             but
             also
             writ
             somewhat
             concerning
             it
             ;
             for
             in
             the
             two
             and
             twentieth
             Book
             of
             his
             Memoirs
             ,
             
             which
             he
             finished
             some
             two
             days
             before
             his
             death
             ,
             he
             writes
             ,
             That
             the
             Chaldeans
             foretold
             him
             ,
             That
             after
             he
             had
             led
             a
             Life
             of
             Honour
             ,
             he
             should
             conclude
             the
             last
             Act
             in
             fulness
             of
             Prosperity
             .
             He
             declares
             moreover
             ,
             That
             in
             a
             Vision
             he
             had
             seen
             his
             Son
             ,
             who
             had
             departed
             not
             long
             before
             Metella
             ,
             to
             stand
             by
             in
             mournful
             Weeds
             ,
             and
             beseech
             his
             Father
             to
             cast
             off
             further
             care
             ,
             and
             come
             along
             with
             him
             to
             his
             Mother
             Metella
             ,
             there
             to
             live
             at
             ease
             and
             quietness
             with
             her
             .
             However
             ,
             he
             could
             not
             refrain
             intermedling
             in
             Publick
             Affairs
             ;
             for
             ten
             days
             before
             his
             decease
             ,
             he
             composed
             the
             Differences
             of
             the
             Puteolaxians
             ,
             and
             prescribed
             Laws
             for
             their
             better
             Government
             ;
             and
             the
             very
             day
             before
             his
             End
             ,
             it
             being
             told
             him
             that
             Cranius
             a
             Man
             in
             Authority
             ,
             deferred
             the
             Payment
             of
             a
             Publick
             Debt
             ,
             in
             expectation
             of
             his
             Death
             ,
             he
             sent
             for
             the
             Man
             to
             his
             House
             ,
             and
             calling
             his
             Servants
             about
             him
             ,
             caused
             him
             to
             be
             strangled
             ;
             but
             through
             the
             straining
             of
             his
             Voice
             and
             Body
             ,
             the
             Imposthume
             breaking
             ,
             he
             cast
             forth
             a
             great
             quantity
             of
             Bloud
             .
             Upon
             this
             his
             strength
             failing
             him
             ,
             after
             a
             troublesome
             Night
             he
             died
             ,
             leaving
             behind
             him
             two
             young
             Children
             by
             
               Metella
               .
               Valeria
            
             was
             afterwards
             delivered
             of
             a
             Daughter
             ,
             named
             Posthuma
             ;
             for
             so
             the
             Romans
             call
             those
             who
             be
             born
             after
             the
             Fathers
             Death
             .
          
           
           
             Many
             ran
             tumultuously
             together
             ,
             and
             join'd
             with
             Lepidus
             ,
             to
             deprive
             the
             Corps
             of
             the
             accustomed
             Solemnities
             ;
             but
             Pompey
             ,
             though
             offended
             at
             Sylla
             ,
             (
             for
             he
             alone
             of
             all
             his
             Friends
             was
             left
             out
             of
             his
             Will
             )
             having
             kept
             off
             some
             by
             his
             Interest
             and
             Intreaty
             ,
             others
             by
             Menaees
             ,
             gave
             it
             a
             secure
             and
             honourable
             Burial
             .
             It
             's
             said
             ,
             that
             the
             Roman
             Ladies
             threw
             on
             such
             vast
             heaps
             of
             Spices
             ,
             as
             beside
             what
             was
             brought
             in
             one
             hundred
             and
             ten
             Vessels
             ,
             sufficed
             to
             raise
             a
             large
             Statue
             for
             Sylla
             ,
             and
             another
             for
             his
             Lictor
             ,
             out
             of
             the
             precious
             Frankincense
             and
             Cinnamon
             .
             The
             day
             being
             Cloudy
             over
             head
             ,
             they
             deferred
             carrying
             forth
             the
             Corps
             till
             about
             three
             in
             the
             Afternoon
             ,
             expecting
             it
             should
             rain
             ,
             but
             a
             strong
             Wind
             blowing
             full
             against
             the
             Funeral
             Pile
             ,
             and
             setting
             it
             all
             on
             a
             bright
             Flame
             ,
             his
             Body
             was
             consumed
             in
             a
             moment
             .
             As
             the
             Pile
             shrunk
             down
             and
             the
             Fire
             was
             upon
             expiring
             the
             Clouds
             showr'd
             down
             ,
             and
             continued
             raining
             till
             Night
             ;
             so
             as
             his
             good
             Fortune
             was
             firm
             even
             to
             the
             last
             ,
             and
             did
             as
             it
             were
             officiate
             at
             his
             Funeral
             .
             His
             Monument
             stands
             on
             
               Campus
               Martius
            
             ,
             with
             an
             Epitaph
             of
             his
             own
             Writing
             .
             The
             Substance
             this
             ,
             
               That
               neither
               Friend
               nor
               Foe
               had
               out-done
               him
               ,
               either
               in
               good
               or
               bad
               turns
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Comparison
             of
             Lysander
             with
             Sylla
             .
          
           
             HAving
             in
             like
             manner
             run
             through
             this
             Life
             ,
             come
             we
             now
             to
             the
             Comparison
             .
             That
             which
             was
             common
             to
             them
             both
             ,
             was
             ,
             that
             they
             were
             Founders
             of
             their
             own
             Greatness
             ,
             with
             this
             difference
             ,
             that
             Lysander
             had
             the
             Consent
             of
             the
             Citizens
             ,
             in
             Times
             of
             right
             understanding
             ,
             for
             the
             Honours
             he
             received
             ;
             nor
             forc'd
             he
             any
             thing
             against
             their
             good
             will
             ,
             or
             sought
             to
             raise
             himself
             above
             the
             Laws
             ;
             whereas
             ,
             
               In
               Civil
               Broils
               the
               Slave
               himself
               gets
               Honour
            
             ;
             as
             then
             at
             Rome
             ,
             when
             the
             People
             were
             distempered
             ,
             and
             the
             Government
             out
             of
             order
             ,
             one
             or
             other
             was
             still
             a
             getting
             uppermost
             ;
             no
             wonder
             then
             if
             Sylla
             reign'd
             ,
             when
             the
             Glauciae
             and
             Saturnini
             drove
             out
             the
             Metelli
             ,
             when
             Sons
             of
             Consuls
             were
             slain
             in
             the
             Assemblies
             ,
             when
             others
             for
             Silver
             and
             Gold
             bought
             Men
             and
             Arms
             ,
             and
             with
             Fire
             and
             Sword
             set
             up
             new
             Laws
             ,
             in
             spite
             of
             all
             Lawful
             opposition
             ;
             nor
             do
             I
             blame
             any
             one
             in
             such
             Circumstances
             ,
             for
             working
             himself
             into
             Supream
             Power
             ;
             only
             I
             would
             not
             have
             it
             thought
             a
             sign
             of
             Sovereign
             Goodness
             ,
             to
             be
             Head
             of
             a
             State
             so
             wretchedly
             discomposed
             .
             But
             Lysander
             being
             employed
             in
             the
             greatest
             Commands
             
             and
             Affairs
             of
             State
             ,
             by
             a
             sober
             and
             well-disciplin'd
             City
             ,
             was
             ever
             esteemed
             the
             best
             and
             most
             Vertuous
             Man
             ,
             in
             the
             best
             and
             most
             vertuous
             Commonwealth
             .
             Wherefore
             Lysander
             often
             returning
             the
             Government
             into
             the
             hands
             of
             the
             Citizens
             ,
             received
             it
             again
             as
             often
             ;
             for
             the
             Excellencies
             of
             his
             Vertues
             ever
             held
             the
             first
             place
             .
             Sylla
             on
             the
             other
             hand
             ,
             when
             he
             had
             once
             made
             himself
             of
             the
             Army
             ,
             kept
             up
             his
             Command
             for
             ten
             years
             together
             ,
             creating
             himself
             sometimes
             Consul
             ,
             sometimes
             Proconsul
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             Dictator
             ,
             but
             was
             always
             a
             Tyrant
             .
             It
             's
             true
             ,
             Lysander
             (
             as
             was
             said
             )
             designed
             to
             introduce
             a
             new
             Form
             of
             Government
             ,
             after
             a
             milder
             fashion
             however
             ,
             and
             more
             agreeable
             to
             Justice
             ,
             than
             Sylla
             ;
             not
             by
             force
             of
             Arms
             ,
             but
             Perswasion
             ;
             nor
             by
             subverting
             the
             whole
             State
             at
             once
             ,
             but
             by
             more
             orderly
             directing
             the
             Succession
             of
             Kings
             .
             And
             by
             Nature
             it
             seems
             just
             ,
             that
             the
             most
             deserving
             should
             rule
             ,
             especially
             in
             a
             City
             which
             it self
             got
             the
             leading
             hand
             of
             Greece
             ,
             upon
             the
             account
             of
             Vertue
             not
             Nobility
             .
             For
             as
             the
             Hunter
             considers
             the
             Whelp
             it self
             ,
             not
             the
             Bitch
             ;
             and
             the
             Horse-courser
             the
             Foal
             ,
             not
             the
             Mare
             ,
             (
             for
             what
             if
             the
             Foal
             should
             prove
             a
             Mule
             ?
             )
             so
             likewise
             were
             that
             Politician
             extreamly
             out
             ,
             who
             in
             the
             Choice
             of
             a
             Chief
             Magistrate
             should
             enquire
             ,
             not
             
             what
             the
             Man
             is
             ,
             but
             how
             descended
             .
             The
             very
             Spartans
             themselves
             have
             deposed
             several
             of
             their
             Kings
             ,
             for
             want
             of
             Kingly
             Vertues
             ,
             as
             degenerated
             and
             good
             for
             nothing
             ▪
             A
             depraved
             Nature
             ,
             though
             of
             an
             ancient
             Stock
             ,
             is
             dishonourable
             ;
             whereas
             Vertue
             without
             Birth
             is
             honourable
             .
             Moreover
             ,
             the
             one
             was
             injurious
             to
             many
             ,
             upon
             the
             score
             of
             his
             Friends
             ;
             the
             other
             to
             his
             very
             Friends
             .
             It
             's
             confessed
             on
             all
             hands
             ,
             that
             Lysander
             offended
             most
             commonly
             for
             the
             sake
             of
             his
             Companions
             ,
             committing
             several
             Slaughters
             to
             uphold
             their
             Power
             and
             Dominion
             ;
             but
             as
             for
             Sylla
             ,
             he
             out
             of
             Envy
             would
             have
             discarded
             Pompey
             from
             Commanding
             by
             Land
             ,
             and
             Dolabella
             by
             Sea
             ,
             although
             himself
             had
             given
             them
             those
             Places
             ;
             he
             ordered
             
               Lucretius
               Offella
            
             ,
             who
             sued
             for
             the
             Consulship
             ,
             upon
             divers
             meritorious
             accounts
             ,
             to
             be
             slain
             before
             his
             Eyes
             ,
             raising
             thereby
             strange
             Apprehensions
             and
             Jealousies
             in
             the
             Minds
             of
             all
             Men
             ,
             for
             his
             Cruelty
             to
             his
             Dearest
             Friends
             .
          
           
             The
             Business
             of
             Riches
             and
             Pleasure
             do's
             further
             yet
             demonstrate
             in
             one
             a
             Princely
             ,
             in
             the
             other
             a
             Tyrannical
             Disposition
             .
             Lysander
             did
             nothing
             that
             was
             intemperate
             or
             extravagant
             ,
             in
             that
             full
             range
             of
             Power
             and
             Licence
             ,
             but
             kept
             aloof
             as
             much
             as
             ever
             Man
             did
             ,
             from
             that
             trite
             
             Saying
             ,
             
               Lion
               within
               ,
               but
               Fox
               without
               ,
            
             he
             ever
             maintained
             such
             a
             sober
             ,
             Laconick
             ,
             well
             tempered
             Conversation
             ;
             whereas
             Sylla
             could
             never
             break
             his
             unruly
             Affections
             ,
             either
             by
             Poverty
             ,
             when
             young
             ,
             or
             by
             a
             long
             run
             of
             Years
             ,
             when
             grown
             old
             ;
             but
             would
             be
             still
             prescribing
             of
             Laws
             to
             the
             Citizens
             ,
             concerning
             Chastity
             and
             Sobriety
             ,
             himself
             living
             all
             that
             time
             (
             as
             Salust
             affirms
             )
             in
             open
             Lewdness
             and
             Debauchery
             .
             By
             these
             ways
             he
             had
             so
             impoverished
             and
             drained
             the
             City
             of
             her
             Treasures
             ,
             as
             to
             be
             forced
             to
             sell
             her
             Liberties
             and
             Immunities
             to
             the
             associated
             and
             well-affected
             Cities
             for
             Silver
             ,
             although
             he
             had
             daily
             exposed
             the
             wealthiest
             and
             greatest
             Families
             to
             publick
             Sale
             and
             Out-cry
             .
             There
             was
             no
             end
             of
             his
             Favours
             vainly
             spent
             and
             thrown
             away
             on
             Flatterers
             ;
             for
             what
             mean
             ,
             what
             likelihood
             of
             Parsimony
             in
             his
             more
             intimate
             Conversation
             ,
             and
             Endearments
             over
             Wine
             ,
             when
             in
             the
             open
             face
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             upon
             Auction
             of
             a
             large
             Estate
             ,
             which
             he
             would
             have
             passed
             over
             to
             one
             of
             his
             Friends
             at
             a
             small
             Price
             ,
             because
             another
             bidding
             higher
             ,
             the
             Officer
             had
             made
             Proclamation
             of
             the
             Advance
             ,
             he
             broke
             out
             into
             a
             Passion
             ,
             saying
             ,
             
               What
               a
               strange
               unjust
               thing
               is
               this
               ,
               O
               Citizens
               ,
               that
               I
               cannot
               dispose
               of
               my
               own
               Booty
               as
               I
               please
               ?
            
             But
             Lysander
             ,
             on
             the
             contrary
             ,
             
             with
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Spoil
             ,
             sent
             even
             the
             Presents
             which
             were
             made
             him
             to
             the
             Citizens
             .
             Nor
             do
             I
             commend
             him
             for
             it
             ,
             (
             for
             he
             perhaps
             by
             excessive
             Liberality
             did
             Sparta
             more
             harm
             ,
             than
             ever
             the
             other
             did
             Rome
             by
             Rapine
             )
             only
             I
             make
             it
             an
             Argument
             of
             his
             Contempt
             of
             Riches
             .
             They
             had
             a
             strange
             peculiar
             influence
             each
             Man
             on
             his
             own
             City
             .
             Sylla
             ,
             a
             profuse
             Debauchee
             ,
             brought
             in
             Sobriety
             however
             amongst
             the
             Citizens
             :
             Lysander
             agen
             ,
             temperate
             as
             he
             was
             ,
             filled
             the
             Town
             with
             Luxury
             :
             So
             as
             they
             both
             were
             blame-worthy
             ,
             the
             one
             for
             raising
             himself
             above
             his
             own
             Laws
             ;
             the
             other
             for
             causing
             his
             Citizens
             to
             fall
             beneath
             his
             own
             Example
             ,
             in
             that
             he
             taught
             Sparta
             to
             want
             those
             things
             ,
             which
             himself
             had
             learnt
             not
             to
             want
             .
             And
             thus
             much
             of
             their
             Civil
             Administration
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             Feats
             of
             Arms
             ,
             wise
             Conduct
             ,
             innumerable
             Victories
             ,
             perillous
             Adventures
             ,
             Sylla
             was
             beyond
             compare
             .
             Lysander
             indeed
             came
             off
             twice
             victorious
             at
             two
             Sea-fights
             ;
             I
             shall
             add
             to
             that
             the
             Siege
             of
             Athens
             ,
             a
             Work
             of
             greater
             Fame
             than
             Difficulty
             .
             For
             all
             this
             ,
             the
             Business
             of
             Aliartus
             in
             Baeotia
             ,
             altho
             perhaps
             it
             came
             about
             by
             ill
             Fortune
             ,
             bears
             yet
             the
             semblance
             of
             ill
             Advice
             ,
             when
             out
             of
             Ambition
             and
             Eagerness
             to
             fight
             ,
             without
             further
             attending
             
             the
             Kings
             Forces
             ,
             which
             were
             then
             almost
             at
             hand
             from
             Plataeae
             ,
             he
             unseasonbly
             approached
             the
             Walls
             ,
             and
             was
             miserably
             defeated
             by
             a
             Sally
             of
             inconsiderable
             Men
             ;
             he
             received
             his
             Death-wound
             ,
             not
             as
             Cleombrotas
             at
             Leuctra
             ,
             resisting
             manfully
             the
             impression
             of
             a
             just
             Enemy
             ;
             not
             as
             Cyrus
             or
             Epaminondas
             ,
             pressing
             hard
             on
             the
             declining
             Battel
             ,
             and
             making
             sure
             the
             Victory
             ;
             who
             all
             of
             them
             died
             the
             Death
             of
             Kings
             and
             Generals
             :
             But
             he
             ,
             like
             some
             Common
             Soldier
             ,
             or
             one
             of
             the
             Forlorn
             Hope
             ,
             cast
             away
             his
             Life
             ingloriously
             ,
             giving
             testimony
             to
             the
             ancient
             Spartans
             ,
             that
             they
             did
             well
             to
             avoid
             storming
             of
             Walls
             ,
             in
             which
             the
             stoutest
             Man
             may
             chance
             to
             fall
             by
             the
             Hand
             not
             only
             of
             an
             abject
             Fellow
             ,
             but
             by
             that
             of
             a
             Boy
             or
             Woman
             ,
             as
             they
             say
             ,
             Achilles
             was
             slain
             by
             Paris
             in
             the
             Gates
             .
             As
             for
             Sylla
             ,
             it
             was
             somewhat
             hard
             to
             reckon
             up
             how
             many
             set
             Battels
             he
             won
             ,
             or
             how
             many
             thousands
             he
             slew
             :
             He
             took
             Rome
             it self
             twice
             ,
             and
             forc'd
             the
             Pyraean
             Haven
             ,
             not
             by
             Famine
             ,
             as
             Lysander
             did
             ,
             but
             by
             several
             sharp
             Encounters
             ,
             driving
             out
             Archelaus
             from
             Land
             to
             Sea.
             And
             what
             most
             importeth
             ,
             there
             was
             a
             vast
             difference
             between
             the
             Commanders
             they
             they
             had
             to
             deal
             with
             ;
             for
             I
             look
             upon
             it
             as
             an
             easie
             Task
             ,
             or
             rather
             Sport
             ,
             that
             same
             Overthrow
             of
             
             
               Antiochus
               ,
               Alcibiades
            
             his
             Pilot
             ,
             as
             likewise
             the
             Circumventing
             of
             Philocles
             the
             Atheninian
             Orator
             ,
             
               Sharp
               only
               at
               inglorious
               point
               of
               Tongue
               :
            
             both
             whom
             Mithridates
             would
             have
             scorned
             to
             compare
             with
             the
             Master
             of
             his
             Horse
             ,
             or
             Marius
             with
             his
             Lictor
             .
             But
             of
             all
             the
             Grandees
             ,
             Consuls
             ,
             Commanders
             ,
             and
             Daemagogues
             ,
             to
             pass
             by
             others
             who
             opposed
             themselves
             to
             Sylla
             ;
             who
             amongst
             the
             Romans
             so
             formidable
             as
             Marius
             ?
             What
             King
             more
             powerfull
             than
             Mithridates
             ?
             Who
             of
             the
             Italians
             sturdier
             than
             Lamponius
             and
             Telesinus
             ?
             Yet
             of
             these
             ,
             one
             he
             drove
             into
             Banishment
             ,
             one
             he
             quelled
             ,
             and
             the
             others
             he
             slew
             .
             Now
             the
             greatest
             of
             all
             ,
             which
             has
             been
             as
             yet
             related
             ,
             in
             my
             judgment
             ,
             was
             ,
             That
             Lysander
             had
             the
             Assistance
             of
             the
             State
             in
             all
             his
             Archievements
             ;
             whereas
             Sylla
             ,
             besides
             that
             he
             was
             a
             Banish'd
             Person
             ,
             and
             sorely
             overcharged
             by
             a
             Faction
             ,
             at
             what
             time
             his
             Wife
             was
             driven
             from
             home
             ,
             his
             Houses
             demolished
             ,
             and
             Adherents
             slain
             ,
             himself
             ▪
             then
             in
             Baeotia
             stood
             Embattelled
             against
             infinite
             Numbers
             of
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             adventuring
             all
             for
             the
             sake
             of
             his
             Country
             ,
             erected
             a
             Trophie
             :
             Nor
             ,
             when
             Mithridates
             came
             with
             Proposals
             of
             Alliance
             and
             Aid
             against
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             would
             he
             shew
             any
             the
             least
             Compliance
             ,
             or
             so
             much
             as
             Civil
             Respect
             ,
             either
             by
             greeting
             or
             vouchsafing
             him
             his
             
             Hand
             ,
             till
             such
             time
             that
             he
             had
             it
             from
             the
             Kings
             own
             Mouth
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             willing
             to
             quit
             Asia
             ,
             surrender
             the
             Navy
             ,
             and
             restore
             Bithynia
             and
             Cappadocia
             to
             the
             two
             Kings
             ;
             than
             which
             Action
             ,
             Sylla
             never
             performed
             a
             braver
             ,
             or
             with
             a
             Nobler
             Courage
             ,
             when
             preferring
             the
             Publick
             Good
             to
             the
             Private
             ,
             and
             ,
             like
             a
             generous
             Dog
             ,
             where
             he
             had
             once
             fix'd
             ,
             never
             letting
             go
             his
             hold
             ,
             till
             he
             had
             conquered
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             he
             then
             set
             himself
             to
             revenge
             his
             own
             private
             Quarrels
             .
             We
             may
             perhaps
             make
             a
             better
             estimate
             of
             their
             Manners
             ,
             by
             weighing
             both
             their
             Athenian
             Actions
             in
             the
             Ballance
             .
             Sylla
             ,
             when
             he
             had
             made
             himself
             Master
             of
             that
             City
             ,
             which
             had
             upheld
             the
             Dominion
             and
             Power
             of
             Mithridates
             ,
             in
             opposition
             to
             him
             restored
             her
             to
             Liberty
             .
             and
             the
             free
             Exercise
             of
             her
             own
             Laws
             .
             Lysander
             ,
             on
             the
             contrary
             ,
             when
             she
             had
             fell
             from
             such
             a
             vast
             height
             of
             Dignity
             and
             Rule
             ,
             unmercifully
             took
             away
             the
             Democracy
             ,
             imposing
             on
             her
             the
             most
             Cruel
             and
             Lawless
             Tyrants
             .
             It
             's
             now
             time
             to
             consider
             ,
             whether
             we
             should
             swerve
             from
             the
             Truth
             or
             no
             ,
             by
             declaring
             ,
             that
             Sylla
             performed
             the
             more
             Glorious
             Deeds
             ,
             but
             Lysander
             committed
             the
             fewer
             Faults
             ;
             as
             likewise
             by
             giving
             to
             one
             the
             Preheminence
             for
             Moderation
             and
             Abstinence
             ,
             to
             the
             other
             for
             Conduct
             and
             Valour
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           
           
             THE
             LIFE
             OF
             CIMON
             .
          
           
             Englished
             from
             the
             Greek
             ,
             By
             
               Mat.
               Morgan
               ,
               A.
               M.
            
             of
             St.
             
             John's
             College
             in
             Oxford
             .
          
           
             VOLUME
             III.
             
          
           
             PEripoltas
             the
             Diviner
             having
             brought
             the
             King
             Opheltas
             and
             those
             under
             his
             Command
             from
             Thessaly
             into
             Baeotia
             ,
             left
             there
             a
             Family
             which
             flourish'd
             a
             long
             time
             after
             ;
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             them
             inhabited
             Chaeronea
             ,
             the
             first
             City
             out
             of
             which
             they
             expelled
             the
             Barbarians
             .
             The
             Descendants
             of
             this
             Race
             ,
             being
             men
             of
             bold
             Attempts
             ,
             exposed
             themselves
             to
             so
             many
          
           
             
               CIMON
               .
            
             
               
                 This
                 was
                 the
                 valiant
                 and
                 obliging
                 Greeke
              
               
                 Who
                 Conqver'd
                 when
                 he
                 acted
                 or
                 did
                 speake
                 ▪
              
               
                 His
                 Courage
                 and
                 his
                 Courtesy
                 were
                 greate
              
               
                 The
                 haughty
                 Persian
                 bravely
                 did
                 defeate
                 ;
              
               
                 Gott
                 in
                 one
                 day
                 a
                 double
                 Victory
              
               
                 And
                 so
                 〈◊〉
                 Triumph'd
                 over
                 earth
                 〈…〉
              
            
          
           
           
           
             Dangers
             in
             the
             Incursions
             the
             Medes
             made
             upon
             them
             ,
             and
             in
             Exploits
             against
             the
             Gauls
             ,
             that
             at
             last
             they
             were
             almost
             wholly
             consumed
             .
          
           
             There
             was
             left
             one
             Orphan
             of
             this
             House
             ,
             called
             Damon
             ,
             surnamed
             Peripoltas
             ,
             for
             Beauty
             and
             greatness
             of
             Spirit
             surpassing
             all
             of
             his
             Age
             ;
             but
             of
             Temper
             fierce
             and
             untractable
             .
             A
             Roman
             Captain
             of
             a
             Foot-Company
             that
             Wintered
             in
             Chaeronea
             ,
             fell
             in
             love
             with
             this
             Youth
             ;
             but
             since
             he
             could
             not
             obtain
             his
             infamous
             Desires
             ,
             either
             by
             Gifts
             or
             Entreaties
             ,
             't
             was
             much
             feared
             that
             he
             would
             proceed
             to
             Violence
             .
             The
             Suspicion
             was
             made
             more
             probable
             by
             the
             condition
             of
             Chaeronea
             ,
             which
             was
             then
             so
             weak
             ,
             that
             it
             had
             not
             power
             either
             to
             prevent
             the
             Attempt
             ,
             or
             punish
             the
             Commission
             of
             the
             Crime
             .
             Of
             which
             Damon
             being
             sensible
             ,
             and
             looking
             upon
             his
             Sollicitations
             as
             Injuries
             ,
             resolved
             to
             be
             revenged
             of
             him
             :
             Accordingly
             he
             and
             sixteen
             of
             his
             Companions
             ,
             conspired
             against
             the
             Captain
             ;
             but
             that
             the
             Design
             might
             be
             managed
             without
             any
             danger
             of
             being
             discovered
             ,
             they
             all
             daubed
             their
             Faces
             with
             Soot
             .
             Thus
             disguised
             ,
             and
             inflamed
             with
             Wine
             ,
             they
             set
             upon
             him
             by
             break
             of
             day
             ,
             as
             he
             was
             sacrificing
             ;
             and
             having
             killed
             him
             ,
             and
             not
             a
             few
             of
             those
             that
             were
             with
             them
             ,
             they
             fled
             out
             of
             the
             City
             ;
             
             which
             was
             extreamly
             alarmed
             and
             troubled
             at
             the
             Murder
             :
             The
             Council
             Assembled
             immediately
             ,
             and
             pronounced
             Sentence
             of
             Death
             against
             Damon
             and
             all
             his
             Accomplices
             .
             This
             they
             did
             to
             justifie
             the
             City
             to
             the
             Romans
             .
             But
             ,
             that
             evening
             ,
             as
             the
             Magistrates
             were
             at
             Supper
             together
             ,
             according
             to
             Custom
             ,
             Damon
             and
             his
             Confederates
             breaking
             into
             the
             Room
             ,
             killed
             them
             all
             ,
             and
             then
             again
             fled
             out
             of
             the
             Town
             .
             About
             this
             time
             ,
             
               Lucius
               Lucullus
            
             passing
             that
             way
             with
             his
             Forces
             upon
             some
             Expedition
             ,
             and
             this
             disaster
             having
             but
             newly
             hapned
             ,
             he
             staid
             to
             examine
             the
             matter
             .
             Upon
             enquiry
             he
             found
             the
             City
             was
             in
             no
             wise
             faulty
             ,
             but
             rather
             that
             they
             themselves
             had
             suffered
             ;
             therefore
             he
             drew
             out
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             and
             carried
             them
             away
             with
             him
             .
             Yet
             Damon
             continuing
             to
             ravage
             the
             Country
             all
             about
             ,
             the
             Citizens
             by
             Messages
             ,
             and
             Decrees
             in
             appearance
             favourable
             ,
             enticed
             him
             into
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             upon
             his
             return
             made
             him
             Gymnasiarque
             ;
             but
             afterward
             as
             he
             was
             suppling
             himself
             with
             Oyl
             in
             the
             Baigno
             ,
             they
             set
             upon
             him
             and
             kill'd
             him
             .
             For
             a
             long
             while
             after
             Apparitions
             being
             seen
             ,
             and
             lamentable
             Groans
             heard
             in
             that
             place
             ,
             (
             as
             our
             Fathers
             have
             told
             us
             ,
             )
             they
             ordered
             the
             Gates
             of
             the
             Baigno
             to
             be
             made
             up
             :
             and
             even
             to
             this
             day
             those
             who
             dwell
             about
             
             that
             place
             affirm
             that
             they
             sometimes
             see
             Spectres
             ,
             and
             hear
             terrible
             Voices
             .
             The
             posterity
             of
             Damon
             (
             of
             which
             some
             remain
             in
             the
             Country
             of
             Phocide
             ,
             near
             the
             City
             Stiris
             ,
             living
             after
             the
             manner
             of
             the
             Aeolians
             )
             are
             called
             Asbolomenoi
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             Men
             dawbed
             with
             Soot
             .
             Because
             with
             that
             Damon
             was
             besmeared
             when
             he
             committed
             this
             Murther
             .
          
           
             But
             there
             being
             a
             Quarrel
             betwixt
             those
             of
             Chaeronea
             and
             the
             Orchomeniens
             ,
             who
             bordered
             upon
             them
             ;
             they
             hired
             an
             Informer
             ,
             a
             Roman
             ,
             to
             excuse
             the
             Community
             of
             Chaeronea
             ,
             as
             if
             it
             had
             been
             a
             single
             Person
             ,
             of
             the
             Murther
             of
             the
             Romans
             ,
             of
             which
             only
             Damon
             and
             his
             Ruffians
             were
             guilty
             ;
             accordingly
             the
             process
             was
             formed
             ,
             and
             the
             cause
             pleaded
             before
             the
             Petor
             of
             Macedon
             ,
             for
             as
             yet
             ,
             the
             Romans
             had
             not
             sent
             Governours
             into
             Greece
             .
          
           
             The
             Advocates
             who
             defended
             the
             Inhabitants
             ,
             appealed
             to
             the
             Testimony
             of
             Lucullus
             ,
             who
             in
             answer
             to
             a
             Letter
             the
             Pretor
             writ
             to
             him
             ,
             returned
             a
             true
             account
             of
             the
             matter
             of
             Fact.
             By
             this
             means
             the
             Town
             gain'd
             their
             Cause
             ,
             which
             otherwise
             they
             were
             in
             great
             danger
             of
             losing
             .
             The
             Citizens
             thus
             preserved
             ,
             erected
             a
             Statue
             to
             Lucullus
             in
             the
             Forum
             ,
             next
             to
             that
             of
             the
             God
             Bacchus
             .
          
           
           
             We
             also
             have
             the
             same
             Impressions
             of
             Gratitude
             ;
             and
             tho
             removed
             from
             them
             by
             the
             distance
             of
             so
             many
             Ages
             ,
             yet
             we
             think
             our selves
             obliged
             by
             that
             Act.
             And
             as
             to
             draw
             the
             Genius
             and
             Noble
             Inclinations
             of
             a
             great
             Personage
             ,
             is
             harder
             ,
             and
             so
             more
             valuable
             ,
             than
             to
             hit
             the
             Lines
             of
             his
             Face
             ;
             we
             will
             put
             Lucullus
             his
             Life
             amongst
             our
             Parallels
             of
             Illustrious
             Men.
             Wherein
             we
             will
             not
             use
             one
             stroke
             of
             Flattery
             ,
             but
             keep
             close
             to
             the
             Truth
             .
             It
             is
             sufficient
             we
             shew
             how
             we
             preserve
             a
             grateful
             Remembrance
             of
             his
             generous
             Kindness
             ;
             and
             he
             himself
             would
             not
             expect
             ,
             that
             in
             recompence
             of
             that
             Service
             ,
             which
             consisted
             in
             speaking
             the
             Truth
             ,
             we
             should
             abuse
             his
             Memory
             with
             a
             false
             and
             counterfeit
             Narration
             .
             For
             as
             we
             would
             ,
             that
             a
             Painter
             who
             is
             to
             draw
             a
             beautifull
             Face
             ,
             in
             which
             there
             is
             yet
             some
             Imperfection
             ,
             should
             neither
             wholly
             leave
             out
             ,
             nor
             entirely
             express
             what
             is
             defective
             ,
             because
             this
             would
             deform
             it
             ,
             and
             that
             spoil
             the
             Resemblance
             ;
             so
             since
             it
             is
             very
             hard
             ,
             nay
             almost
             impossible
             ,
             to
             shew
             the
             Life
             of
             a
             Man
             wholly
             free
             from
             Blemish
             ,
             let
             us
             in
             the
             same
             manner
             follow
             Truth
             :
             But
             if
             any
             Lapses
             occur
             ,
             which
             have
             been
             occasioned
             by
             the
             Emotions
             of
             a
             sudden
             Passion
             ,
             or
             the
             necessity
             of
             the
             Times
             ,
             let
             us
             look
             upon
             them
             rather
             
             as
             Defects
             of
             Vertue
             ,
             than
             as
             Vices
             ;
             let
             us
             carry
             the
             Pencil
             gently
             over
             them
             ,
             out
             of
             respect
             to
             Humane
             Nature
             ,
             which
             never
             furnished
             any
             Man
             with
             so
             many
             good
             Inclinations
             to
             Vertue
             ,
             but
             that
             there
             was
             somewhat
             still
             wanting
             which
             rendred
             him
             Imperfect
             .
             Considering
             with
             my self
             to
             whom
             I
             should
             compare
             Lucullus
             ,
             I
             find
             none
             so
             exactly
             his
             Parrallel
             as
             Cimon
             .
          
           
             They
             were
             both
             valiant
             in
             War
             ,
             and
             successful
             against
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             but
             affable
             and
             courteous
             to
             their
             Fellow-Citizens
             :
             Both
             extinguished
             the
             Civil
             Broils
             at
             home
             ,
             and
             gained
             signal
             Victories
             abroad
             .
             In
             short
             ,
             no
             Greek
             before
             Cimon
             ,
             nor
             Roman
             before
             Lucullus
             ,
             ever
             carried
             the
             Scene
             of
             War
             so
             far
             from
             their
             own
             Country
             ,
             unless
             we
             except
             the
             Exploits
             of
             Bacchus
             and
             Hercules
             ,
             those
             of
             Perseus
             against
             the
             
               Aethiopians
               ,
               Medes
            
             ,
             and
             Armenians
             ,
             and
             the
             Acts
             of
             Jason
             ,
             (
             if
             of
             these
             any
             Monuments
             that
             deserve
             Credit
             are
             derived
             down
             to
             our
             days
             .
             )
             Moreover
             in
             this
             they
             were
             alike
             ,
             that
             they
             finished
             not
             the
             Enterprises
             they
             undertook
             :
             They
             brought
             their
             Enemies
             near
             their
             Ruin
             ,
             but
             never
             entirely
             defeated
             them
             .
             There
             was
             yet
             a
             greater
             Conformity
             in
             their
             Nature
             ,
             for
             the
             Civility
             and
             generous
             Reception
             they
             shewed
             to
             all
             Strangers
             ,
             and
             the
             splended
             Provisions
             of
             
             their
             Tables
             .
             But
             we
             will
             omit
             those
             other
             good
             qualities
             ,
             in
             which
             they
             were
             alike
             ,
             for
             't
             will
             be
             easie
             to
             observe
             them
             in
             the
             following
             Relation
             .
          
           
             Cimon
             was
             the
             Son
             of
             Miltiades
             and
             Hegesipyle
             ,
             who
             was
             by
             Birth
             a
             Thracian
             ,
             and
             Daughter
             to
             the
             King
             Olorus
             ;
             this
             appears
             from
             the
             Poems
             of
             Melanthius
             and
             Archelaus
             ,
             which
             they
             both
             write
             in
             praise
             of
             Cimon
             .
             By
             this
             means
             the
             Historian
             Thucidides
             was
             his
             Kinsman
             by
             the
             Mother's
             side
             ;
             for
             his
             Father's
             name
             also
             was
             Olorus
             ,
             and
             possessed
             Mines
             of
             Gold
             in
             Thrace
             ,
             and
             was
             killed
             in
             Scaptahyla
             ,
             a
             District
             of
             Thrace
             ,
             so
             called
             from
             its
             being
             full
             of
             Ditches
             .
             His
             bones
             were
             afterward
             brought
             into
             Attica
             ,
             and
             his
             Monument
             is
             shown
             amongst
             those
             of
             the
             House
             of
             Cimon
             ,
             near
             the
             Tomb
             of
             Elpinice
             Cimon's
             Sister
             .
             But
             Thucidides
             was
             of
             the
             Tribe
             of
             Alimus
             ,
             and
             Miltiades
             of
             that
             of
             
               Lacia
               .
               Miltiades
            
             being
             condemned
             in
             a
             Fine
             of
             fifty
             Talents
             to
             the
             State
             ,
             and
             unable
             to
             pay
             it
             ,
             was
             cast
             into
             Prison
             ,
             and
             there
             died
             .
             Thus
             Cimon
             was
             left
             an
             Orphan
             very
             young
             ,
             with
             his
             Sister
             Elpinice
             ,
             who
             was
             also
             young
             and
             unmarried
             .
             At
             first
             he
             had
             no
             Reputation
             ,
             being
             looked
             upon
             Riotous
             ,
             and
             one
             who
             lived
             a
             dissolute
             Life
             ,
             as
             in
             reality
             he
             did
             ,
             therefore
             they
             said
             ,
             there
             was
             
             an
             Agreement
             of
             Temper
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             Appellation
             ,
             betwixt
             him
             and
             his
             Grand-father
             ,
             whose
             name
             was
             Cimon
             too
             ;
             but
             they
             Proverbially
             called
             him
             ,
             for
             his
             Stupidity
             ,
             Coalemos
             (
             the
             Ideot
             )
             Stesimbrotus
             of
             Thassus
             ,
             who
             lived
             near
             about
             the
             same
             time
             with
             Cimon
             ,
             reports
             of
             him
             ;
             that
             he
             had
             little
             docility
             ;
             that
             they
             could
             never
             teach
             him
             Musick
             ,
             nor
             the
             Rudiments
             of
             any
             other
             Science
             ,
             which
             were
             so
             easily
             learned
             by
             the
             young
             Gentlemen
             of
             Athens
             :
             That
             he
             wanted
             a
             Vivacity
             of
             Parts
             requisite
             for
             Conversation
             ,
             was
             ungentile
             in
             his
             Carriage
             ;
             neither
             had
             he
             any
             Capacity
             to
             manage
             serious
             Affairs
             :
             However
             ,
             that
             there
             appeared
             in
             him
             something
             that
             was
             great
             ;
             and
             that
             he
             had
             such
             a
             plain
             openness
             of
             Humour
             ,
             that
             you
             would
             have
             taken
             him
             ,
             rather
             for
             a
             Native
             of
             Peloponnesus
             than
             Athens
             .
             He
             being
             such
             an
             one
             ,
             as
             Euripides
             describes
             Hercules
             .
          
           
             
               Accomplishment
               of
               Carriage
               he
               did
               want
               ,
            
             
               But
               he
               was
               honest
               ,
               tho
               not
               Elegant
               .
            
          
           
             For
             this
             Character
             may
             well
             agree
             with
             that
             which
             Stesimbrotus
             had
             given
             of
             him
             .
             They
             accused
             him
             in
             his
             younger
             years
             ,
             that
             he
             incestuously
             caressed
             his
             own
             Sister
             Elpinice
             ,
             who
             otherwise
             had
             no
             very
             great
             
             Reputation
             for
             Chastity
             :
             However
             ,
             if
             her
             Brother
             was
             not
             her
             Gallant
             ,
             't
             was
             reported
             that
             Polynotus
             was
             .
             For
             when
             he
             painted
             the
             Trojan
             Dames
             in
             the
             Porch
             ,
             then
             called
             Plesinaction
             ,
             now
             Paecile
             ,
             he
             drew
             Laodice
             by
             her
             Face
             .
             He
             was
             not
             an
             ordinary
             Mechanick
             ,
             to
             be
             payed
             for
             his
             Work
             :
             But
             studying
             all
             ways
             to
             please
             tho
             Athenians
             ,
             he
             bestowed
             it
             freely
             on
             the
             Publick
             .
             This
             all
             the
             Historians
             report
             of
             him
             ;
             and
             the
             Poet
             Malanthius
             particularly
             in
             these
             Verses
             .
          
           
             
               This
               famous
               Painter
               at
               his
               own
               Expence
               ,
            
             
               Gave
               Athens
               Beauty
               and
               Magnificence
               :
            
             
               New
               Life
               to
               all
               the
               Heroes
               did
               impart
               ;
            
             
               Embellish'd
               all
               the
               Temples
               with
               his
               Art
               :
            
             
               The
               Splendour
               of
               the
               State
               restor'd
               again
               :
            
             
               And
               so
               he
               did
               oblige
               both
               Gods
               and
               Men.
               
            
          
           
             Some
             do
             affirm
             that
             Elpinice
             did
             not
             dissemble
             her
             Familiarities
             with
             her
             Brother
             :
             But
             lived
             publickly
             with
             him
             ,
             as
             if
             she
             had
             been
             his
             Wife
             :
             For
             though
             she
             was
             no
             Fortune
             ,
             yet
             he
             could
             meet
             with
             none
             ,
             that
             was
             an
             equal
             Match
             for
             her
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             Quality
             of
             her
             Birth
             .
             But
             afterward
             ,
             when
             Callias
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             richest
             Men
             of
             Athens
             fell
             in
             Love
             with
             her
             and
             proffered
             to
             pay
             the
             Mulct
             the
             Father
             was
             condemned
             in
             ,
             if
             he
             could
             obtain
             the
             Daughter
             in
             
             Marriage
             :
             Cimon
             accepted
             the
             Condition
             ,
             and
             betrothed
             her
             to
             Callias
             .
             There
             is
             no
             doubt
             to
             be
             made
             ,
             but
             that
             Cimon
             was
             of
             an
             amorous
             Complexion
             .
             For
             Melanthius
             gives
             him
             hints
             of
             his
             Tendency
             that
             way
             ,
             when
             in
             his
             Eulogies
             he
             facetiously
             rallies
             him
             for
             his
             Mistresses
             :
             The
             one
             was
             called
             Mnestra
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             was
             Aristeria
             of
             Salamis
             ;
             and
             these
             the
             Poet
             saith
             ,
             he
             was
             very
             fond
             of
             .
             However
             this
             is
             certain
             ,
             that
             he
             loved
             his
             Wife
             Isodice
             very
             passionately
             ;
             she
             was
             the
             Daughter
             of
             Euryptolemus
             the
             Son
             of
             Megacles
             .
             Her
             death
             he
             regretted
             even
             to
             impatience
             ,
             as
             appears
             by
             those
             Elegies
             of
             Condolance
             ,
             addressed
             to
             him
             upon
             his
             loss
             of
             Her.
             The
             Philosopher
             Panaetius
             is
             of
             Opinion
             ,
             that
             Archelaus
             was
             the
             Author
             of
             those
             Elegies
             ;
             and
             indeed
             the
             time
             seems
             to
             favour
             that
             Conjecture
             .
             But
             take
             Cimon
             in
             all
             his
             other
             Capacities
             ,
             you
             shall
             find
             nothing
             in
             him
             that
             is
             justly
             blameable
             ,
             but
             rather
             all
             the
             Customs
             of
             his
             Life
             were
             very
             good
             .
             For
             as
             he
             was
             as
             daring
             as
             Miltiades
             ,
             and
             not
             at
             all
             inferiour
             to
             Themistocles
             for
             Judgement
             ,
             so
             he
             was
             incomparably
             more
             just
             and
             honest
             then
             either
             of
             them
             .
             As
             he
             was
             equal
             to
             them
             in
             understanding
             ,
             and
             in
             discharging
             all
             the
             Functions
             of
             a
             Commander
             ;
             so
             for
             the
             Political
             part
             of
             Government
             ,
             he
             excelled
             them
             and
             every
             
             one
             else
             :
             And
             this
             too
             when
             he
             was
             very
             young
             ,
             his
             years
             not
             yet
             confirmed
             by
             any
             experience
             .
             For
             when
             Themistocles
             ,
             upon
             the
             Medes
             threatning
             them
             with
             an
             Invasion
             ,
             advised
             the
             Athenians
             to
             forsake
             their
             Town
             and
             the
             Country
             about
             it
             ,
             and
             to
             carry
             all
             their
             Arms
             on
             Ship
             board
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             Streights
             of
             Salamis
             dispute
             the
             Dominion
             of
             the
             Sea
             with
             their
             Enemies
             ,
             When
             all
             the
             World
             stood
             amazed
             at
             the
             Confidence
             and
             Rashness
             of
             this
             advice
             ;
             Cimon
             only
             was
             not
             at
             all
             surprised
             ,
             but
             chearfully
             passed
             through
             the
             Street
             of
             Ceramicon
             ,
             accompanied
             with
             other
             young
             Men
             ,
             toward
             the
             Castle
             ,
             carrying
             a
             Bridle
             in
             his
             hand
             to
             offer
             to
             the
             Goddess
             Minerva
             ;
             by
             this
             intimating
             ,
             that
             there
             was
             no
             more
             need
             of
             Horsemen
             now
             ,
             but
             Mariners
             .
             Thus
             after
             he
             had
             paid
             his
             Devotions
             to
             the
             Goddess
             ,
             and
             offer'd
             up
             the
             Bridle
             ,
             he
             took
             down
             the
             Bucklers
             that
             hung
             upon
             the
             Walls
             of
             the
             Temple
             ,
             and
             so
             went
             down
             to
             the
             Port.
             By
             this
             Example
             he
             encouraged
             the
             Citizens
             to
             follow
             him
             in
             order
             to
             their
             Embarking
             .
             Besides
             ,
             he
             was
             an
             handsome
             Person
             ,
             of
             a
             just
             Stature
             ,
             his
             Hair
             thick
             and
             curled
             .
             After
             he
             had
             acquitted
             himself
             gallantly
             in
             this
             Battle
             of
             Salamis
             ,
             he
             obtained
             a
             great
             Reputation
             among
             the
             Athenians
             ;
             and
             they
             not
             only
             admired
             his
             Actions
             ,
             but
             loved
             his
             
             Person
             .
             So
             that
             they
             were
             continually
             ,
             enflaming
             him
             with
             Emulation
             ,
             to
             perform
             Deeds
             as
             Famous
             as
             that
             of
             Marathon
             ;
             that
             entertaining
             great
             Conceptions
             of
             things
             ,
             he
             might
             act
             sutably
             thereunto
             .
             The
             People
             were
             very
             glad
             ,
             when
             they
             saw
             him
             applying
             himself
             to
             matters
             of
             State
             ;
             for
             they
             were
             disgusted
             with
             Themistocles
             :
             In
             opposition
             to
             whom
             ,
             and
             because
             of
             the
             Candor
             and
             Freeness
             of
             
             Cymon's
             Temper
             ,
             which
             was
             agreeable
             to
             every
             one
             ,
             they
             advanced
             him
             to
             the
             highest
             Employments
             in
             the
             Government
             .
             The
             man
             that
             contributed
             most
             to
             his
             Promotions
             was
             Aristides
             ,
             who
             still
             cultivated
             that
             honest
             Genius
             he
             saw
             in
             him
             :
             And
             purposely
             raised
             him
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             be
             a
             Counterpoise
             to
             the
             Craft
             ,
             and
             repress
             the
             insolence
             of
             Themistocles
             .
             But
             when
             the
             Medes
             were
             driven
             out
             of
             
               Greece
               ,
               Cimon
            
             being
             Admiral
             ,
             though
             the
             Athenians
             had
             not
             yet
             attained
             the
             Chief
             Dominion
             ,
             but
             still
             followed
             Pausanias
             and
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ;
             he
             kept
             his
             Citizens
             in
             Heart
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             Goodness
             of
             their
             Order
             and
             Equipage
             ,
             but
             chiefly
             by
             their
             Valour
             ,
             they
             were
             distinguished
             from
             the
             rest
             .
             Besides
             he
             perceiving
             ,
             that
             Pausanias
             managed
             an
             intelligence
             with
             the
             King
             of
             Persia
             ,
             to
             betray
             Greece
             to
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             and
             puft
             up
             with
             Arrogance
             and
             Success
             ,
             treated
             his
             Allies
             haughtily
             ,
             
             and
             committed
             Insolencies
             upon
             them
             ;
             Cimon
             taking
             this
             advantage
             ,
             robbed
             him
             of
             the
             Esteem
             and
             Command
             of
             the
             Greeks
             ,
             before
             he
             was
             aware
             .
             This
             he
             did
             not
             by
             open
             Enmity
             ,
             but
             by
             affable
             Discourse
             and
             the
             Obligingness
             of
             his
             Conversation
             .
             So
             that
             the
             Allies
             no
             longer
             able
             to
             endure
             the
             Sourness
             and
             Pride
             of
             Pausanias
             ,
             revolted
             all
             from
             him
             to
             Cimon
             and
             Aristides
             :
             Who
             ,
             having
             gain'd
             such
             a
             Party
             from
             him
             ,
             writ
             to
             the
             Ephori
             of
             Sparta
             ,
             and
             sent
             particular
             Messengers
             to
             complain
             of
             him
             ,
             desiring
             them
             to
             recall
             a
             Man
             who
             was
             a
             dishonour
             to
             Sparta
             ,
             and
             a
             trouble
             to
             Greece
             .
             They
             report
             of
             Pausanias
             ,
             that
             when
             he
             was
             in
             Bysantium
             ,
             he
             sollicited
             a
             young
             Lady
             of
             a
             noble
             Family
             in
             the
             City
             ,
             whose
             name
             was
             Cleonice
             ,
             to
             debauch
             her
             :
             Her
             Parents
             dreading
             the
             cruel
             Humour
             of
             the
             Man
             ,
             were
             forced
             to
             consent
             ,
             and
             so
             abandon'd
             their
             Daughter
             to
             his
             Embraces
             .
             Cleonice
             commanded
             the
             Servants
             to
             put
             out
             all
             the
             Lights
             ;
             So
             that
             approaching
             silently
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             dark
             towards
             his
             Bed
             ,
             she
             stumbled
             upon
             the
             Lamp
             ,
             which
             she
             overturned
             and
             spilled
             :
             Pausanias
             ,
             who
             was
             fallen
             asleep
             ,
             awaked
             ,
             and
             startled
             with
             the
             noise
             ,
             thought
             an
             assassin
             had
             taken
             that
             dead
             time
             of
             the
             Night
             to
             murder
             him
             ;
             so
             that
             hastily
             snatching
             up
             his
             Poinard
             that
             lay
             by
             him
             ,
             he
             wounded
             his
             supposed
             Enemy
             to
             
             Death
             .
             After
             this
             he
             never
             enjoyed
             himself
             ,
             but
             was
             disturbed
             in
             his
             Thoughts
             .
             For
             his
             Dear
             Mistress
             haunted
             his
             Bed
             ,
             and
             would
             not
             let
             him
             Sleep
             ,
             but
             interrupted
             his
             repose
             with
             these
             Angry
             Words
             .
          
           
             
               Villain
               ,
               be
               just
               at
               last
               ,
               and
               so
               repent
               ;
            
             
               Or
               see
               the
               hand
               that
               brings
               thy
               Punishment
               .
            
          
           
             This
             Tragical
             Accident
             gave
             the
             last
             stroke
             to
             his
             Ruin.
             For
             after
             this
             the
             Allies
             joyning
             their
             Resentments
             and
             Forces
             with
             
             Cimon's
             ,
             besieged
             him
             in
             Byzantium
             :
             but
             he
             escaped
             out
             of
             their
             Hands
             ,
             and
             fled
             to
             Heraclea
             .
             Here
             coming
             to
             a
             place
             which
             might
             be
             called
             the
             Oracle
             of
             the
             Dead
             ,
             where
             they
             raise
             up
             Spirits
             to
             know
             future
             Events
             ,
             he
             solemnly
             invoked
             Cleonice
             ,
             and
             intreated
             her
             Ghost
             to
             be
             reconciled
             :
             Accordingly
             she
             appeared
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             answered
             him
             in
             these
             Words
             .
             
               As
               soon
               as
               thou
               comest
               to
               Sparta
               thou
               shalt
               be
               freed
               from
               all
               the
               Misfortunes
               which
               now
               afflict
               thee
               .
            
             Hereby
             obscurely
             foretelling
             (
             in
             my
             opinion
             )
             that
             imminent
             Death
             he
             was
             to
             suffer
             .
             This
             is
             the
             Story
             that
             is
             told
             of
             him
             .
          
           
             Cimon
             strengthned
             with
             this
             accession
             of
             the
             Allies
             ,
             went
             General
             into
             Thrace
             :
             For
             he
             was
             told
             that
             some
             great
             Men
             among
             
             the
             Persians
             ,
             of
             the
             Kings
             Kindred
             ,
             having
             possessed
             themselves
             of
             Eione
             ,
             a
             City
             situated
             upon
             the
             River
             Strymon
             ,
             infested
             the
             Greeks
             which
             confin'd
             upon
             them
             :
             First
             ,
             he
             defeated
             these
             Persians
             ,
             and
             shut
             them
             up
             within
             the
             Walls
             of
             their
             Town
             .
             Then
             he
             fell
             upon
             the
             Thracians
             themselves
             ,
             who
             were
             Borderers
             ,
             because
             they
             supply'd
             those
             of
             Eione
             with
             Victuals
             ;
             he
             drove
             them
             entirely
             out
             of
             the
             Country
             ,
             and
             took
             possession
             of
             it
             as
             Conqueror
             :
             By
             this
             means
             he
             reduced
             the
             Besieged
             to
             such
             straights
             ,
             that
             Butes
             ,
             who
             Commanded
             there
             for
             the
             King
             ,
             in
             a
             desperate
             resolution
             set
             fire
             to
             the
             Town
             ,
             and
             burned
             himself
             ,
             his
             Goods
             ,
             and
             all
             his
             Relations
             ,
             in
             one
             common
             Flame
             .
             By
             this
             means
             Cimon
             got
             the
             Town
             ,
             but
             no
             great
             Booty
             ;
             for
             these
             Barbarians
             not
             only
             consumed
             themselves
             in
             the
             Fire
             ,
             but
             the
             richest
             of
             their
             Moveables
             .
             However
             ,
             the
             Country
             about
             it
             he
             gave
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             which
             was
             a
             pleasant
             and
             fruitful
             Soil
             .
             For
             this
             Action
             the
             People
             permitted
             him
             to
             erect
             Stone
             Mercuries
             ;
             upon
             the
             First
             of
             which
             was
             this
             Inscription
             .
          
           
             
               Those
               were
               the
               valiant
               Heros
               ,
               who
               in
               Thrace
            
             
               Did
               ,
               Conquering
               the
               Persians
               ,
               them
               disgrace
               ;
            
             
               By
               Sword
               and
               Famine
               made
               them
               all
               to
               die
               ,
            
             
               And
               unto
               Death
               ,
               as
               to
               a
               refuge
               ,
               fly
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Upon
               the
               Second
               was
               this
               .
            
             
               This
               Monument
               did
               grateful
               Athens
               raise
               ,
            
             
               To
               give
               to
               her
               Commanders
               lasting
               Praise
               ;
            
             
               That
               this
               might
               make
               her
               Emulous
               Sons
               contend
               ,
            
             
               Encountring
               Death
               ,
               their
               Country
               to
               defend
               .
            
          
           
             
               This
               was
               the
               Inscription
               of
               the
               Third
               .
            
             
               Since
               Mnestheus
               to
               Atrides
               Succours
               led
               ,
            
             
               From
               Athens
               ,
               by
               whose
               Hands
               his
               Foes
               lay
               dead
               ;
            
             
               And
               as
               old
               Homer
               doth
               report
               the
               same
               ,
            
             
               All
               Troy
               did
               tremble
               at
               this
               Warriour's
               Name
               .
            
             
               Then
               no
               one
               justly
               ought
               for
               to
               admire
            
             
               That
               Athens
               to
               this
               Honour
               doth
               aspire
               :
            
             
               None
               are
               so
               Wise
               and
               Valiant
               as
               They
               ,
            
             
               As
               Chiefs
               to
               Lead
               ,
               as
               Soldiers
               to
               Obey
               .
            
          
           
             Tho'
             the
             Name
             of
             Cimon
             is
             not
             mention'd
             in
             these
             Inscriptions
             ,
             yet
             his
             Contemporaries
             do
             assert
             them
             wholly
             as
             erected
             to
             his
             Honour
             ;
             and
             being
             so
             ,
             it
             was
             a
             peculiar
             one
             to
             him
             .
             For
             Miltiades
             and
             Themistocles
             could
             never
             obtain
             the
             like
             .
             And
             when
             Miltiades
             desired
             a
             Crown
             of
             Olive
             ,
             one
             Sochares
             ,
             who
             was
             of
             the
             Tribe
             of
             Decelia
             ,
             stood
             up
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             the
             Assembly
             ,
             and
             
             spoke
             these
             words
             ,
             which
             being
             agreeable
             to
             the
             Populace
             ,
             were
             applauded
             by
             them
             ,
             tho
             unjust
             ,
             and
             very
             ungratefully
             spoken
             .
             
               When
               thou
               shall
               conquer
               alone
            
             ,
             (
             Miltiades
             )
             
               thou
               shall
               triumph
               so
               too
            
             .
             What
             then
             induced
             them
             so
             particularly
             to
             honor
             Cimon
             ?
             it
             was
             certainly
             this
             ,
             that
             under
             other
             Commanders
             they
             stood
             upon
             the
             defensive
             ;
             but
             by
             his
             Conduct
             ,
             they
             not
             only
             repulsed
             their
             Enemies
             ;
             but
             invaded
             them
             in
             their
             own
             Country
             .
          
           
             Thus
             they
             became
             Masters
             of
             Eione
             and
             Amphipolis
             ,
             where
             they
             planted
             Colonies
             :
             and
             afterwards
             took
             the
             Isle
             of
             Scyros
             ,
             which
             Cimon
             gained
             after
             this
             manner
             .
             The
             Dolopians
             were
             the
             Inhabitants
             of
             this
             Isle
             ,
             a
             People
             of
             a
             slothful
             disposition
             ,
             and
             who
             neglected
             all
             Husbandry
             ,
             their
             only
             course
             of
             life
             was
             Piracy
             ;
             this
             they
             practised
             to
             that
             degree
             of
             mischief
             ,
             that
             they
             rifled
             those
             that
             brought
             Merchandise
             into
             their
             own
             Ports
             ,
             and
             so
             violated
             all
             the
             Laws
             of
             Commerce
             .
             Some
             Merchants
             of
             Thessaly
             ,
             they
             not
             only
             spoil'd
             of
             their
             goods
             ,
             but
             confined
             their
             Persons
             .
             Who
             afterwards
             breaking
             out
             of
             Prison
             ,
             went
             and
             demanded
             justice
             of
             the
             Amphictyons
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             general
             Assembly
             made
             up
             of
             the
             People
             of
             Greece
             .
             These
             ,
             maturely
             weighing
             the
             fact
             ,
             condemned
             the
             Isle
             in
             a
             great
             Pecuniary
             Mulct
             :
             but
             the
             People
             that
             
             were
             enriched
             with
             the
             Plunder
             ,
             began
             to
             apprehend
             that
             't
             was
             they
             particularly
             that
             must
             refund
             ;
             therefore
             they
             writ
             to
             Cimon
             to
             succour
             them
             with
             his
             Fleet
             ,
             and
             they
             declared
             themselves
             ready
             to
             deliver
             the
             Town
             into
             his
             hands
             .
             Cimon
             by
             these
             means
             got
             the
             Town
             ,
             expelled
             those
             Dolopian
             Pirates
             ,
             and
             so
             opened
             the
             Traffick
             of
             the
             Aegean
             Sea.
             After
             this
             ,
             understanding
             that
             Theseus
             the
             Son
             of
             Aegeus
             ,
             when
             he
             fled
             from
             Athens
             ,
             and
             took
             refuge
             in
             this
             Isle
             ,
             was
             here
             slain
             by
             King
             Lycomedes
             upon
             certain
             suspitions
             ;
             Cimon
             endeavoured
             to
             find
             out
             where
             he
             was
             Buried
             :
             For
             the
             Oracle
             had
             commanded
             the
             Athenians
             to
             bring
             home
             his
             Ashes
             and
             to
             honour
             him
             as
             an
             
               Hero.
               Cimon
            
             could
             not
             for
             a
             long
             time
             learn
             where
             he
             was
             interred
             ;
             for
             those
             of
             Scyros
             dissembled
             the
             knowledge
             of
             it
             ,
             and
             were
             not
             willing
             he
             should
             search
             .
             But
             at
             length
             after
             diligent
             enquiry
             he
             found
             out
             the
             Tomb
             ;
             and
             then
             carried
             the
             Reliques
             into
             his
             Admiral
             Galley
             ,
             and
             with
             great
             Pomp
             and
             Show
             brought
             them
             into
             Athens
             ,
             400
             years
             after
             Theseus
             first
             left
             that
             Country
             .
             This
             Act
             got
             Cimon
             the
             Hearts
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             who
             received
             the
             Discovery
             with
             great
             Joy
             and
             abundance
             of
             Thanks
             .
             To
             signalize
             and
             perpetuate
             the
             Memory
             of
             this
             Deed
             ,
             and
             their
             sense
             of
             it
             ,
             they
             appointed
             
             that
             memorable
             Decision
             of
             Victory
             betwixt
             the
             two
             
               Tragedians
               ,
               Aeschylus
            
             and
             Sophocles
             :
             For
             the
             latter
             having
             writ
             his
             first
             Play
             ,
             being
             yet
             very
             young
             ,
             the
             Applause
             of
             the
             Theatre
             was
             divided
             ,
             and
             the
             Spectators
             sided
             into
             Parties
             :
             To
             determine
             this
             ,
             Aphepsion
             ,
             who
             was
             at
             that
             time
             Archon
             ,
             would
             not
             cast
             Lots
             who
             should
             be
             Judges
             ;
             but
             when
             Cimon
             and
             the
             other
             Commanders
             with
             him
             came
             into
             the
             Theatre
             ,
             to
             see
             the
             issue
             of
             the
             Contention
             ,
             after
             they
             had
             performed
             the
             usual
             Rites
             to
             the
             God
             of
             the
             Festival
             ,
             the
             Archon
             ,
             came
             to
             them
             ,
             and
             made
             them
             swear
             (
             being
             ten
             in
             all
             )
             to
             speak
             their
             Judgments
             in
             this
             Contention
             according
             to
             Equity
             and
             Honour
             .
             And
             so
             being
             sworn
             Judges
             ,
             he
             made
             them
             all
             sit
             down
             to
             give
             a
             decesive
             Sentence
             .
             The
             Contention
             for
             Victory
             grew
             warm
             ,
             and
             both
             Sides
             ambitiously
             strove
             who
             should
             get
             the
             Suffrages
             of
             such
             honourable
             Judges
             ;
             but
             the
             Victory
             was
             at
             last
             adjudged
             to
             Sophocles
             ;
             which
             Aeschylus
             took
             so
             ill
             ,
             that
             he
             left
             Athens
             ,
             and
             went
             to
             Sicily
             ,
             where
             he
             died
             of
             discontent
             ,
             and
             was
             buried
             near
             the
             City
             of
             Gela.
             
          
           
             Ion
             reports
             ,
             that
             when
             he
             was
             a
             young
             Man
             ,
             and
             newly
             returned
             from
             Chios
             to
             Athens
             ,
             he
             chanced
             to
             sup
             with
             Cimon
             at
             
             Laomedon's
             House
             :
             After
             Supper
             ,
             when
             
             they
             had
             (
             according
             to
             Custom
             )
             poured
             out
             Wine
             to
             the
             Honour
             of
             the
             Gods
             ,
             Cimon
             was
             desired
             by
             the
             Company
             to
             give
             them
             a
             Song
             ;
             which
             he
             did
             with
             so
             good
             grace
             ,
             that
             they
             were
             all
             charmed
             with
             his
             Voice
             ,
             and
             extreamly
             pleased
             with
             his
             Humour
             ,
             declaring
             that
             he
             was
             more
             complaisant
             than
             Themistocles
             ,
             who
             being
             entreated
             upon
             such
             an
             occasion
             to
             play
             upon
             the
             Lute
             ,
             answered
             ,
             That
             he
             could
             not
             touch
             an
             Instrument
             ,
             but
             give
             him
             a
             small
             Village
             ,
             and
             he
             would
             raise
             it
             into
             a
             strong
             and
             wealthy
             City
             .
             After
             talking
             of
             many
             indifferent
             things
             incident
             to
             such
             Entertainments
             ,
             they
             entred
             into
             the
             Particulars
             of
             those
             several
             Actions
             for
             which
             Cimon
             had
             been
             Famous
             .
             And
             when
             they
             had
             run
             over
             the
             most
             signal
             ,
             he
             told
             them
             they
             had
             omitted
             one
             ,
             upon
             which
             he
             valued
             himself
             most
             for
             Address
             and
             good
             contrivance
             .
             He
             gave
             this
             Account
             of
             it
             .
             When
             the
             Athenians
             and
             their
             Allies
             had
             taken
             a
             great
             number
             of
             the
             Barbarians
             Prisoners
             in
             Sestos
             and
             Byzantium
             ,
             giving
             him
             the
             preference
             to
             divide
             the
             Booty
             ,
             he
             put
             the
             naked
             Prisoners
             in
             one
             Lot
             ,
             and
             the
             Spoils
             of
             their
             rich
             Attire
             and
             Jewels
             in
             the
             other
             .
             This
             the
             Allies
             complained
             of
             ,
             as
             an
             unequal
             Division
             ;
             therefore
             he
             gave
             them
             their
             choice
             to
             take
             which
             Lot
             they
             would
             ,
             and
             the
             Athenians
             should
             be
             content
             with
             
             that
             which
             they
             refused
             .
             One
             Herophytus
             of
             Samos
             advised
             them
             to
             take
             the
             Ornaments
             for
             their
             Share
             ,
             and
             leave
             the
             Slaves
             to
             the
             Athenians
             :
             Upon
             this
             Cimon
             was
             laugh'd
             at
             for
             his
             ridiculous
             Division
             :
             For
             the
             Allies
             carried
             away
             the
             Gold
             Chains
             and
             Purple
             Robes
             ,
             and
             the
             Athenians
             had
             only
             the
             naked
             Bodies
             of
             the
             Captives
             ,
             which
             they
             could
             make
             no
             advantage
             of
             ,
             being
             unused
             to
             Labour
             .
             But
             a
             little
             while
             after
             ,
             the
             Parents
             and
             Kinsmen
             of
             the
             Prisoners
             coming
             from
             Lydia
             and
             Phrygia
             ,
             every
             one
             redeemed
             his
             Relations
             at
             a
             very
             high
             Ransom
             .
             By
             this
             means
             Cimon
             got
             so
             much
             Treasure
             ,
             that
             he
             maintained
             his
             whole
             Fleet
             of
             Gallies
             with
             the
             Money
             for
             four
             Months
             ;
             and
             yet
             there
             was
             some
             left
             to
             lay
             up
             in
             the
             Treasury
             at
             Athens
             .
             Now
             Cimon
             growing
             rich
             ,
             what
             he
             gain'd
             from
             the
             Barbarians
             with
             Honour
             ,
             he
             spent
             hospitably
             upon
             the
             Citizens
             .
             For
             he
             pull'd
             down
             all
             the
             Enclousures
             of
             his
             Gardens
             and
             Grounds
             ,
             that
             all
             Travellers
             ,
             but
             his
             Citizens
             especially
             ,
             might
             gather
             of
             his
             Fruits
             freely
             and
             without
             danger
             .
             At
             home
             he
             kept
             a
             Table
             that
             was
             not
             furnished
             indeed
             with
             great
             Delicacies
             ,
             but
             where
             was
             a
             Noble
             Competency
             of
             Provisions
             ,
             and
             all
             very
             good
             ,
             hear
             the
             poor
             Townsmen
             had
             a
             constant
             and
             easie
             Access
             ,
             so
             that
             their
             Care
             was
             employed
             in
             discharging
             this
             Publick
             
             duties
             ,
             from
             which
             otherwise
             they
             would
             have
             been
             distracted
             by
             seeking
             after
             a
             Subsistence
             .
             But
             Aristotle
             reports
             ,
             That
             he
             was
             partial
             in
             this
             Reception
             ,
             and
             that
             it
             did
             not
             extend
             to
             all
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             but
             only
             to
             those
             of
             the
             Tribe
             of
             Lacia
             .
             Besides
             ,
             he
             always
             went
             attended
             with
             a
             Train
             of
             young
             Gentlemen
             ,
             who
             were
             his
             Domesticks
             ,
             and
             very
             well
             clad
             ;
             and
             if
             he
             met
             with
             an
             elderly
             Citizen
             in
             a
             poor
             Habit
             ,
             he
             would
             strip
             one
             of
             his
             Retinue
             ,
             and
             cloath
             the
             decayed
             Citizen
             ;
             and
             this
             was
             looked
             upon
             as
             very
             well
             done
             .
             He
             did
             enjoyn
             them
             likewise
             to
             carry
             great
             Sums
             of
             Money
             about
             them
             ;
             and
             if
             they
             met
             in
             the
             Streets
             any
             one
             that
             they
             either
             knew
             ,
             or
             who
             looked
             as
             if
             he
             were
             in
             distress
             ,
             they
             had
             order
             to
             relieve
             him
             ,
             and
             convey
             something
             privately
             into
             his
             Hand
             .
             This
             Cratinus
             the
             Poet
             speaks
             of
             ,
             in
             one
             of
             his
             Commedies
             called
             Archilocha
             ,
             after
             this
             manner
             .
          
           
             
               I
               am
               Metrobius
               ,
               who
               still
               believed
               ,
            
             
               Nay
               justly
               did
               expect
               ,
               to
               be
               relieved
            
             
               By
               such
               a
               Table
               Cimon
               once
               did
               hold
            
             
               For
               men
               as
               poor
               as
               I
               ,
               and
               men
               as
               Old.
            
             
               Cimon
               of
               all
               the
               Grecians
               was
               the
               best
               ,
            
             
               Rich
               ,
               Valiant
               ,
               Honest
               ,
               Noble
               to
               his
               Guest
               .
            
          
           
             Gorgias
             the
             Leontine
             gives
             him
             this
             Character
             ,
             That
             he
             got
             Riches
             that
             he
             might
             
             use
             them
             ,
             and
             so
             used
             them
             that
             he
             got
             himself
             Credit
             by
             them
             .
             And
             Critias
             one
             of
             the
             thirty
             Tyrants
             of
             Athens
             ,
          
           
             
               Did
               wish
               to
               be
               ,
               his
               Fortune
               to
               Compleat
               ,
            
             
               As
               rich
               as
               Scopas
               Heirs
               ,
               like
               Cimon
               Great
               ;
            
             
               And
               if
               the
               Gods
               his
               Life
               would
               farther
               bless
               ,
            
             
               He
               'd
               have
               in
               fight
               
               Agesilas's
               Success
               .
            
          
           
             Lichas
             ,
             we
             know
             ,
             became
             Famous
             in
             Greece
             ,
             only
             because
             on
             the
             days
             of
             the
             Sports
             ,
             when
             the
             young
             Lads
             run
             naked
             ,
             he
             used
             to
             entertain
             the
             Strangers
             that
             came
             to
             see
             these
             Diversions
             .
             But
             Cimon
             surpassed
             all
             the
             ancient
             Athenians
             for
             Hospitality
             and
             good
             Nature
             :
             For
             tho
             those
             taught
             the
             rest
             of
             Greece
             to
             sow
             Corn
             ,
             and
             
               the
               use
               of
               Fire
               and
               Water
               :
            
             Yet
             Cimon
             by
             keeping
             open
             House
             ,
             and
             giving
             Travellers
             Liberty
             to
             eat
             all
             his
             Fruits
             ,
             which
             the
             several
             Seasons
             afforded
             ,
             seemed
             to
             restore
             to
             the
             World
             that
             Community
             of
             Goods
             which
             the
             Poets
             fabulously
             tell
             us
             was
             in
             the
             Reign
             of
             Saturn
             .
             Those
             who
             object
             to
             him
             ,
             that
             he
             did
             this
             to
             be
             popular
             ,
             and
             gain
             the
             applause
             of
             the
             Vulgar
             ,
             are
             confuted
             by
             the
             constant
             Tenour
             of
             the
             rest
             of
             his
             Actions
             ,
             which
             all
             tended
             to
             uphold
             the
             Interests
             of
             the
             Nobility
             against
             the
             Populace
             ;
             of
             which
             he
             gave
             instances
             ,
             when
             he
             together
             with
             Aristides
             opposed
             Themistocles
             ,
             who
             was
             for
             
             advancing
             the
             Authority
             of
             the
             People
             beyond
             its
             just
             Limits
             ;
             and
             down
             right
             quarrelled
             Ephialtes
             ,
             who
             ,
             to
             ingratiate
             himself
             with
             the
             Multitude
             ,
             was
             for
             abolishing
             the
             Jurisdiction
             of
             the
             Areopagites
             .
             And
             when
             all
             of
             his
             time
             ,
             except
             Aristides
             and
             Ephialtes
             ,
             took
             Presents
             ,
             he
             still
             kept
             his
             hands
             clean
             and
             untainted
             ,
             and
             never
             acted
             nor
             Counsell'd
             any
             thing
             but
             what
             was
             just
             and
             innocent
             .
             They
             report
             that
             Raesaces
             a
             Persian
             ,
             who
             had
             Traiterously
             revolted
             from
             the
             King
             his
             Master
             ,
             fled
             to
             Athens
             ,
             and
             there
             being
             harass'd
             by
             Sycophants
             ,
             who
             were
             still
             accusing
             him
             to
             the
             People
             ,
             he
             applyed
             himself
             to
             Cimon
             ,
             for
             redress
             ;
             to
             gain
             his
             Favour
             he
             brought
             him
             two
             Cups
             ,
             the
             one
             full
             of
             *
             Dariusses
             of
             Gold
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             of
             Silver
             :
             Cimon
             would
             not
             receive
             them
             ,
             but
             asked
             him
             smilingly
             whether
             he
             would
             have
             him
             to
             be
             his
             Mercenary
             ,
             or
             his
             Friend
             ;
             he
             replyed
             ,
             his
             Friend
             :
             If
             so
             (
             said
             he
             )
             take
             away
             these
             pieces
             ,
             for
             being
             your
             Friend
             ,
             I
             presume
             they
             are
             at
             my
             Service
             ,
             when
             I
             shall
             have
             occasion
             for
             them
             ,
             and
             when
             I
             have
             I
             'll
             send
             to
             you
             .
          
           
             The
             Allies
             of
             the
             Athenians
             began
             now
             to
             be
             very
             weary
             of
             the
             War
             ,
             and
             were
             willing
             to
             have
             some
             intervals
             of
             repose
             ,
             that
             they
             might
             look
             after
             their
             Husbandry
             and
             Traffick
             .
             For
             they
             saw
             their
             Enemies
             
             driven
             out
             of
             the
             Country
             ,
             and
             did
             not
             fear
             any
             new
             Incursions
             :
             Yet
             they
             still
             paid
             the
             Taxes
             they
             were
             assess'd
             at
             ,
             but
             would
             not
             send
             men
             and
             Gallies
             ,
             as
             they
             had
             done
             before
             .
             This
             the
             other
             Athenian
             Generals
             would
             constrain
             them
             to
             by
             rigour
             of
             process
             ,
             till
             at
             last
             by
             fining
             them
             so
             grievously
             they
             did
             render
             the
             Government
             uneasie
             to
             them
             ,
             and
             even
             odious
             .
             But
             Cimon
             practised
             a
             contrary
             Method
             ,
             he
             forced
             no
             man
             to
             go
             that
             was
             not
             willing
             ,
             but
             of
             those
             that
             desired
             to
             be
             excused
             from
             Service
             ,
             he
             took
             Money
             ,
             and
             Vessels
             unman'd
             :
             And
             permitted
             the
             men
             to
             stay
             at
             home
             and
             follow
             what
             gainful
             Vocations
             they
             liked
             best
             ,
             whether
             of
             Husbandry
             or
             Merchandise
             .
             By
             this
             means
             they
             grew
             Luxurious
             ,
             and
             enervated
             all
             their
             Courage
             by
             living
             at
             ease
             .
             But
             the
             Athenians
             he
             took
             into
             his
             Gallies
             ,
             and
             by
             employing
             them
             in
             all
             his
             Naval
             expeditions
             ,
             inured
             them
             to
             suffer
             Hardship
             :
             So
             that
             being
             severely
             Disciplined
             ,
             and
             continually
             bearing
             Arms
             ,
             the
             Allies
             began
             to
             dread
             ,
             and
             then
             flatter
             them
             who
             were
             grown
             thus
             dreadful
             at
             their
             cost
             ;
             till
             they
             fell
             to
             that
             degree
             of
             Subjection
             ,
             as
             of
             Allies
             they
             almost
             became
             Tributaries
             and
             Slaves
             .
             No
             man
             ever
             checked
             the
             growth
             of
             the
             Persians
             Ambition
             so
             much
             as
             Cimon
             ;
             for
             he
             not
             only
             beat
             them
             out
             of
             Greece
             ,
             
             but
             closely
             pursuing
             them
             ,
             would
             not
             let
             them
             take
             Breath
             ,
             nor
             put
             their
             Affairs
             in
             any
             posture
             ;
             but
             either
             took
             their
             Towns
             by
             open
             force
             ,
             or
             made
             them
             revolt
             ,
             by
             managing
             Intelligence
             within
             their
             Walls
             .
             So
             that
             in
             all
             Asia
             ,
             even
             from
             Ionia
             to
             Pamphylia
             there
             was
             not
             one
             Soldier
             that
             appeared
             for
             the
             King
             of
             Persia
             .
          
           
             When
             word
             was
             brought
             that
             some
             Persian
             Commanders
             were
             upon
             the
             Coasts
             of
             Pamphylia
             with
             a
             Land
             Army
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             Fleet
             of
             Gallies
             ;
             Cimon
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             intercept
             them
             before
             they
             should
             come
             into
             the
             Sea
             that
             lies
             betwixt
             the
             Chelidonian
             Isles
             ,
             set
             forth
             from
             Triopium
             and
             Gnidos
             with
             two
             hundred
             Gallies
             ,
             very
             fleet
             ,
             and
             that
             could
             easily
             tack
             about
             .
             They
             were
             first
             contrived
             and
             built
             by
             Themistocles
             ,
             but
             Cimon
             enlarged
             them
             ,
             that
             when
             they
             came
             to
             grapple
             ,
             there
             might
             be
             a
             greater
             number
             of
             Combatants
             to
             oppose
             the
             Enemy
             .
             The
             first
             place
             he
             shaped
             his
             Course
             to
             was
             Phaselis
             ,
             which
             tho
             't
             was
             inhabited
             by
             Greeks
             ,
             yet
             they
             would
             not
             quit
             the
             Interests
             of
             Persia
             ,
             but
             denied
             his
             Gallies
             entrance
             into
             their
             Port
             :
             Whereupon
             he
             wasted
             the
             Country
             ,
             and
             drew
             up
             his
             Army
             to
             their
             very
             Walls
             ;
             but
             some
             Soldiers
             of
             Chios
             ,
             which
             were
             then
             listed
             under
             Cimon
             ,
             being
             ancient
             Friends
             to
             the
             Phaselites
             ,
             endeavour'd
             to
             mitigate
             the
             General
             in
             their
             
             behalf
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             mean
             time
             shot
             Arrows
             into
             the
             Town
             ,
             to
             which
             were
             fastened
             Letters
             of
             Intelligence
             ,
             which
             gave
             them
             account
             of
             the
             state
             of
             Affairs
             :
             At
             length
             Peace
             was
             concluded
             upon
             these
             Conditions
             ,
             That
             they
             should
             pay
             down
             ten
             Talents
             ,
             and
             join
             their
             Forces
             with
             Cimon
             against
             the
             
               Barbarians
               .
               Ephorus
            
             saith
             ,
             the
             Admiral
             of
             the
             Persian
             Fleet
             was
             Tithraustes
             ,
             and
             the
             General
             of
             the
             Land
             Army
             Pherendates
             :
             But
             Calisthenes
             is
             positive
             ,
             that
             Argomandes
             the
             Son
             of
             Gobrias
             had
             the
             supream
             Command
             of
             all
             the
             Forces
             .
             The
             whole
             Fleet
             Anchored
             at
             the
             Mouth
             of
             the
             River
             Eurymedon
             ,
             but
             with
             no
             Design
             to
             fight
             ,
             because
             they
             expected
             a
             re-inforcement
             of
             Phaenician
             Sail
             ,
             which
             were
             to
             come
             from
             Cyprus
             ;
             but
             Cimon
             ,
             being
             resolved
             to
             prevent
             their
             joining
             ,
             ranged
             his
             Gallies
             in
             such
             a
             posture
             ,
             that
             if
             they
             declined
             fighting
             he
             might
             force
             them
             to
             it
             .
             The
             Barbarians
             seeing
             this
             ,
             retired
             within
             the
             mouth
             of
             the
             River
             ,
             to
             prevent
             their
             being
             attacked
             ;
             but
             when
             they
             saw
             the
             Athenians
             come
             upon
             them
             notwithstanding
             their
             retreat
             ,
             they
             met
             them
             with
             six
             hundred
             Sail
             ,
             as
             Phaenodemus
             relates
             ,
             but
             according
             to
             Ephorus
             only
             with
             three
             hundred
             and
             fifty
             .
             Yet
             notwithstanding
             this
             odds
             of
             number
             ,
             they
             did
             nothing
             worthy
             such
             mighty
             Forces
             ;
             for
             they
             presently
             
             turned
             the
             Prows
             of
             their
             Gallies
             toward
             the
             shore
             ,
             where
             those
             that
             came
             first
             threw
             themselves
             upon
             Land
             ,
             and
             fled
             to
             their
             Army
             drawn
             up
             thereabout
             ,
             but
             the
             rest
             perish'd
             with
             their
             Vessels
             ,
             or
             were
             taken
             ;
             by
             this
             you
             may
             guess
             at
             their
             number
             ;
             for
             though
             a
             great
             many
             escaped
             out
             of
             the
             Fight
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             many
             others
             were
             sunk
             ,
             yet
             two
             hundred
             Gallies
             were
             taken
             by
             the
             Athenians
             .
             When
             their
             Land-Army
             drew
             toward
             the
             Sea-side
             ,
             Cimon
             was
             in
             suspence
             whether
             he
             should
             make
             a
             descent
             :
             For
             thereby
             he
             should
             expose
             his
             Greeks
             ,
             wearied
             with
             Slaughter
             in
             the
             first
             Engagement
             ,
             to
             the
             Swords
             of
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             who
             were
             all
             fresh
             Men
             ,
             and
             Superiour
             to
             them
             in
             number
             :
             But
             seeing
             his
             men
             resolute
             ,
             and
             flush'd
             with
             Victory
             ,
             he
             made
             them
             land
             ,
             tho
             they
             had
             not
             yet
             wiped
             off
             the
             Sweat
             and
             Bloud
             of
             the
             first
             Battel
             .
             As
             soon
             as
             they
             touched
             Ground
             ,
             they
             set
             up
             a
             shout
             ,
             and
             ran
             furiously
             upon
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             who
             stood
             firm
             and
             sustained
             the
             first
             shock
             with
             great
             obstinacy
             ;
             so
             that
             the
             fight
             began
             to
             be
             very
             doubtful
             ;
             the
             principal
             men
             of
             the
             Athenians
             for
             Quality
             and
             Courage
             ,
             were
             slain
             ;
             at
             length
             ,
             tho
             with
             much
             ado
             ,
             they
             routed
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             some
             they
             took
             Prisoners
             ,
             and
             plundered
             all
             their
             Tents
             and
             Pavillions
             ,
             which
             were
             full
             of
             very
             rich
             Spoil
             .
             Cimon
             being
             thus
             a
             perfect
             
             Conqueror
             ,
             having
             in
             one
             day
             gained
             two
             Victories
             ,
             wherein
             he
             surpassed
             that
             of
             Salamis
             by
             Sea
             ,
             and
             that
             of
             Platea
             by
             Land
             ,
             was
             encouraged
             to
             pursue
             his
             Success
             :
             So
             ▪
             that
             News
             being
             brought
             that
             the
             Phaenician
             Succours
             ,
             in
             number
             eighty
             Sail
             ,
             were
             at
             the
             Gulf
             of
             Hidram
             ,
             he
             bended
             his
             Course
             toward
             them
             ,
             and
             encompassed
             them
             about
             .
             They
             had
             not
             received
             any
             certain
             account
             of
             the
             former
             defeat
             ,
             and
             now
             were
             in
             great
             doubt
             what
             to
             think
             :
             so
             that
             thus
             surprized
             they
             lost
             their
             Vessels
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             men
             were
             either
             Slain
             or
             Drowned
             .
             This
             success
             of
             Cimon
             so
             daunted
             the
             King
             of
             Persia
             ,
             that
             he
             presently
             made
             that
             memorable
             Peace
             ,
             whereby
             he
             engaged
             that
             his
             Armies
             should
             come
             no
             nearer
             the
             Grecian
             Sea
             than
             the
             length
             of
             a
             Horse-race
             :
             And
             that
             none
             of
             his
             Gallies
             or
             Vessels
             of
             War
             should
             appear
             between
             the
             Cyanean
             and
             Chelidonian
             Isles
             .
             Calisthenes
             says
             ,
             that
             he
             agreed
             not
             to
             any
             Articles
             ,
             but
             that
             upon
             the
             fear
             this
             Victory
             gave
             him
             ,
             he
             prudently
             kept
             off
             so
             far
             from
             Greece
             ,
             that
             when
             Pericles
             with
             fifty
             ,
             and
             Ephialtes
             with
             thirty
             Gallies
             ,
             cruised
             beyond
             the
             Chelidonian
             Isles
             ,
             they
             could
             not
             discover
             one
             Persian
             Sail.
             But
             in
             the
             Collection
             which
             Craterus
             made
             of
             the
             publick
             Acts
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             there
             is
             an
             Original
             draught
             of
             this
             Treaty
             ,
             as
             following
             upon
             that
             defeat
             .
             And
             
             't
             is
             reported
             ,
             that
             at
             Athens
             they
             erected
             the
             Altar
             of
             Peace
             upon
             this
             occasion
             ;
             and
             decreed
             particular
             Honours
             to
             Callias
             ,
             who
             was
             employed
             as
             Ambassador
             to
             manage
             the
             Treaty
             .
          
           
             The
             People
             of
             Athens
             raised
             so
             much
             Money
             from
             the
             Spoils
             of
             this
             War
             ,
             which
             were
             sold
             by
             publick
             Out-cry
             ,
             that
             besides
             other
             Expences
             ,
             and
             raising
             the
             South
             Wall
             of
             the
             Cittadel
             ,
             they
             laid
             the
             Foundation
             of
             those
             Walls
             (
             afterwards
             finished
             )
             which
             they
             called
             
               Skele
               ,
               i
               e
               ,
               Long
               Shanks
               ,
            
             that
             join
             the
             City
             to
             the
             Port
             ;
             but
             the
             place
             where
             they
             built
             them
             being
             a
             Moorish
             Ground
             ,
             they
             were
             forced
             to
             sink
             great
             Weights
             of
             Stone
             to
             secure
             the
             Foundation
             ;
             and
             all
             this
             they
             did
             out
             of
             the
             Money
             Cimon
             supplied
             them
             with
             .
             It
             was
             he
             likewise
             that
             adorned
             Athens
             with
             those
             Publick
             Places
             of
             Exercise
             ,
             which
             they
             afterward
             so
             much
             frequented
             and
             delighted
             in
             :
             He
             set
             the
             Forum
             with
             Plain-trees
             :
             The
             Academy
             ,
             which
             was
             before
             open
             ,
             and
             exposed
             to
             the
             Weather
             ,
             he
             fenced
             with
             Trees
             ,
             and
             beautified
             with
             Fountains
             ;
             he
             made
             covered
             Alleys
             to
             walk
             in
             ,
             and
             set
             out
             Ground
             for
             Foot
             and
             Horse-races
             .
             Afterward
             being
             informed
             that
             some
             Persians
             ,
             who
             had
             made
             themselves
             Masters
             of
             the
             Chersonese
             ,
             were
             so
             peremptory
             in
             not
             quitting
             it
             ,
             that
             they
             called
             in
             the
             People
             〈◊〉
             
             the
             higher
             Thrace
             to
             help
             them
             against
             Cimon
             ,
             whom
             they
             despised
             for
             the
             smallness
             of
             his
             Forces
             ;
             he
             set
             upon
             them
             with
             only
             four
             Gallies
             ,
             and
             took
             thirteen
             of
             theirs
             .
             Then
             having
             drove
             out
             the
             Persians
             ,
             and
             subdued
             the
             Thracians
             ,
             he
             made
             the
             whole
             Chersonese
             subject
             to
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             Athens
             .
             From
             hence
             he
             went
             against
             the
             People
             of
             Thasos
             ,
             who
             had
             revolted
             from
             the
             Athenians
             ;
             and
             having
             defeated
             them
             in
             a
             Fight
             at
             Sea
             ,
             where
             he
             took
             thirty
             three
             of
             their
             Vessels
             ,
             he
             stormed
             their
             Town
             ,
             seized
             for
             the
             Athenians
             all
             the
             Mines
             of
             Gold
             on
             the
             other
             side
             of
             it
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             Country
             dependant
             of
             it
             .
             This
             opened
             him
             a
             fair
             Passage
             into
             Macedon
             ,
             so
             that
             he
             might
             have
             Conquered
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             it
             .
             But
             because
             he
             neglected
             that
             Opportunity
             ,
             he
             was
             suspected
             of
             Corruption
             ,
             and
             that
             he
             was
             bribed
             off
             by
             King
             Alexander
             :
             So
             ,
             by
             the
             Combination
             of
             his
             Adversaries
             ,
             he
             was
             accused
             of
             being
             false
             to
             his
             Country
             .
             Before
             the
             Judges
             he
             pleaded
             ,
             
               That
               he
               never
               made
               an
               Interest
               with
               the
               Rich
               Ionians
               nor
               Thessalians
               ,
               as
               others
               have
               ,
               from
               whence
               they
               drew
               both
               Honour
               and
               Profit
               ;
               but
               that
               he
               always
               embraced
               the
               Friendship
               of
               the
               Macedonians
               ;
               for
               as
               he
               admired
               ,
               so
               he
               wished
               to
               imitate
               the
               Sedateness
               of
               their
               Temper
               ,
               their
               Temperance
               and
               Simplicity
               of
               ●iving
               ,
               which
               he
               preferred
               to
               any
               sort
               
               of
               Riches
               ;
               tho
               he
               had
               always
               been
               ,
               and
               still
               was
               Ambitious
               to
               enrich
               his
               Country
               with
               the
               Spoils
               of
               her
               Enemies
               .
            
             Stesimbrotus
             making
             mention
             of
             his
             Trial
             ,
             reports
             ,
             That
             Elpinice
             in
             behalf
             of
             her
             Brother
             ,
             addressed
             her self
             to
             Pericles
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             most
             vehement
             of
             his
             Accusers
             ;
             to
             whom
             Pericles
             answered
             with
             a
             Smile
             ,
             
               You
               are
               too
               Old
               (
               Madam
               )
               to
               manage
               Affairs
               of
               this
               Nature
               .
            
             However
             ,
             after
             that
             ,
             he
             became
             the
             mildest
             of
             his
             Prosecutors
             ,
             and
             rose
             up
             but
             once
             all
             the
             while
             to
             plead
             against
             him
             ,
             which
             he
             did
             but
             very
             faintly
             :
             And
             Cimon
             was
             acquitted
             .
             As
             for
             his
             demeanour
             at
             home
             ,
             he
             always
             restrained
             the
             Common
             People
             ,
             who
             would
             have
             encroached
             upon
             the
             Nobility
             ,
             and
             affected
             the
             Supream
             Power
             over
             them
             .
             But
             when
             he
             afterward
             was
             called
             out
             to
             War
             ,
             the
             Multitude
             broke
             loose
             as
             it
             were
             ,
             reversed
             all
             the
             ancient
             Laws
             and
             Customs
             they
             had
             hitherto
             observed
             ;
             this
             they
             did
             chiefly
             at
             the
             instigation
             of
             Ephialtes
             ;
             they
             withdrew
             likewise
             the
             Cognisance
             of
             almost
             all
             Causes
             from
             the
             Areopagus
             ;
             so
             that
             all
             Appeals
             being
             made
             to
             them
             ,
             the
             Government
             was
             reduced
             to
             a
             perfect
             Democracy
             ;
             and
             this
             by
             the
             help
             of
             Pericles
             ,
             who
             declared
             in
             favour
             of
             the
             Common
             People
             .
             But
             Cimon
             ,
             when
             he
             returned
             ,
             seeing
             the
             Authority
             of
             this
             Great
             Council
             so
             eclipsed
             ,
             
             was
             exceedingly
             troubled
             ,
             and
             endeavoured
             to
             remedy
             these
             Disorders
             ,
             by
             bringing
             things
             to
             their
             former
             state
             ,
             and
             restoring
             the
             Nobility
             to
             those
             Degrees
             of
             Command
             they
             had
             in
             the
             time
             of
             Calisthenes
             :
             This
             the
             others
             declaimed
             against
             ,
             with
             all
             the
             vehemence
             possible
             ,
             and
             began
             to
             revive
             those
             Stories
             concerning
             him
             and
             his
             Sister
             ,
             and
             cried
             out
             against
             him
             as
             addicted
             to
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             .
             Consonant
             to
             these
             Calumnies
             are
             the
             famous
             Verses
             of
             Eupolis
             the
             Poet
             upon
             Cimon
             .
          
           
             
               Ill
               Nature
               to
               him
               we
               cannot
               reproach
               ;
            
             
               But
               he
               is
               Lazy
               ,
               and
               he
               will
               Debauch
               .
            
             
               He
               goes
               to
               Sparta
               ,
               and
               is
               so
               unkind
               ,
            
             
               He
               leaves
               poor
               Elpinice
               in
               Bed
               behind
               .
            
          
           
             But
             if
             when
             Slothful
             and
             a
             Drunkard
             he
             could
             storm
             so
             many
             Towns
             ,
             and
             gain
             so
             many
             Victories
             ;
             certainly
             if
             he
             had
             been
             sober
             ,
             and
             minded
             his
             Business
             with
             the
             least
             application
             ,
             there
             had
             been
             no
             Grecian
             Commander
             ,
             either
             before
             or
             after
             him
             ,
             that
             could
             have
             surpassed
             him
             for
             Exploits
             of
             War.
             He
             was
             indeed
             a
             Favourer
             of
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             even
             from
             his
             Youth
             ;
             and
             Stesimbrotus
             reports
             ,
             That
             of
             two
             Sons
             (
             Twins
             )
             that
             he
             had
             by
             a
             Woman
             of
             Clitorium
             ,
             he
             named
             one
             Lacedemonius
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             Eleus
             :
             Whence
             Pericles
             often
             upbraided
             
             them
             with
             the
             Race
             of
             their
             Mother
             .
             But
             Diodorus
             the
             Geographer
             doth
             assert
             ,
             That
             both
             these
             ,
             and
             another
             Son
             of
             
             Cimon's
             ,
             whose
             Name
             was
             Thessalus
             ,
             were
             born
             of
             Isodice
             the
             Daughter
             of
             Euryptolemus
             the
             Son
             of
             Megacles
             .
          
           
             However
             this
             is
             certain
             ,
             that
             Cimon
             was
             countenanced
             by
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             in
             opposition
             to
             Themistocles
             ,
             whom
             they
             hated
             ;
             and
             while
             he
             was
             yet
             very
             young
             ,
             they
             endeavoured
             to
             raise
             and
             encrease
             his
             Credit
             in
             Athens
             :
             This
             the
             Athenians
             perceived
             ,
             but
             dissembled
             their
             knowledge
             of
             it
             ;
             for
             the
             Favour
             of
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             shewed
             him
             was
             at
             that
             time
             advantageous
             to
             them
             and
             their
             Affairs
             ;
             who
             were
             then
             Practising
             with
             the
             Allies
             to
             win
             them
             over
             to
             their
             side
             :
             So
             they
             seemed
             not
             at
             all
             offended
             with
             the
             Honour
             and
             kindness
             shewed
             to
             Cimon
             ,
             for
             he
             then
             bore
             the
             greatest
             sway
             in
             the
             Affairs
             of
             Greeee
             ,
             was
             kind
             to
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ,
             and
             Courteous
             to
             the
             Allies
             .
             But
             afterwards
             the
             Athenians
             grown
             more
             powerful
             ,
             when
             they
             saw
             Cimon
             so
             entirely
             devoted
             to
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ,
             they
             began
             to
             be
             angry
             ,
             for
             he
             would
             always
             in
             his
             Speeches
             preferr
             them
             to
             the
             Athenians
             ;
             and
             upon
             every
             occasion
             ,
             when
             he
             would
             reprimand
             these
             for
             a
             Fault
             ,
             or
             incite
             them
             to
             Emulation
             ,
             he
             would
             Cry
             ,
             
               The
               Lacedaemonians
               would
               not
               do
               thus
               .
            
             
             This
             raised
             the
             discontent
             ,
             and
             got
             him
             the
             hatred
             of
             the
             Gitizens
             ;
             But
             that
             which
             ministred
             chiefly
             to
             the
             accusation
             against
             him
             fell
             out
             upon
             this
             Occasion
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             fourth
             year
             of
             the
             Reign
             of
             Archidamus
             the
             Son
             of
             Zeuxidamus
             King
             of
             Sparta
             ,
             there
             hapned
             in
             the
             City
             of
             Lacedaemon
             the
             most
             dreadful
             Earthquake
             that
             ever
             was
             known
             in
             the
             Memory
             of
             Man
             ;
             the
             Earth
             opened
             into
             most
             frightful
             Abysses
             ;
             and
             the
             top
             of
             the
             Mountain
             Taygetus
             was
             so
             shaken
             ,
             that
             the
             hanging
             Rocks
             and
             abrupt
             prominent
             Parts
             of
             it
             fell
             down
             ;
             and
             except
             five
             Houses
             ,
             all
             the
             Town
             was
             shattered
             to
             pieces
             .
             They
             say
             ,
             That
             a
             little
             before
             any
             Motion
             was
             perceived
             ,
             as
             some
             young
             Men
             were
             exercising
             themselves
             in
             the
             middle
             Portico
             ,
             an
             Hare
             of
             a
             sudden
             started
             out
             just
             by
             them
             ,
             which
             some
             of
             them
             ,
             tho
             all
             naked
             ,
             and
             daubed
             with
             Oyl
             ,
             run
             after
             shouting
             ;
             no
             sooner
             were
             they
             gone
             from
             the
             place
             ,
             but
             the
             Gymnasium
             fell
             down
             upon
             them
             that
             were
             left
             ,
             and
             killed
             them
             all
             .
             In
             memory
             of
             this
             fatal
             Accident
             ,
             the
             Monument
             where
             they
             were
             afterwards
             interred
             is
             to
             this
             day
             called
             Sismatias
             ,
             (
             that
             is
             ,
             )
             
               The
               Tomb
               of
               those
               who
               were
               killed
               by
               the
               Earthquake
               .
            
             )
             Archidamus
             ,
             by
             the
             present
             danger
             ,
             made
             apprehensive
             of
             what
             might
             follow
             ;
             and
             seeing
             
             the
             Citizens
             intent
             upon
             removing
             the
             richest
             of
             their
             Goods
             he
             commanded
             an
             Alarm
             to
             be
             sounded
             ,
             as
             if
             their
             Enemies
             were
             comming
             upon
             them
             ,
             that
             they
             should
             presently
             with
             Arms
             resort
             to
             him
             .
             'T
             was
             this
             alone
             that
             saved
             Sparta
             at
             that
             time
             :
             For
             the
             Helotes
             were
             got
             together
             from
             the
             Country
             about
             ,
             with
             design
             to
             surprise
             the
             Spartans
             ,
             and
             spoil
             those
             whom
             the
             Earthquake
             had
             spared
             :
             But
             finding
             them
             Armed
             ,
             and
             well
             prepared
             ,
             they
             stole
             away
             into
             their
             Towns
             ,
             and
             openly
             made
             War
             with
             them
             ,
             having
             drawn
             into
             Confederacy
             not
             a
             few
             of
             their
             Neighbours
             ;
             and
             together
             with
             them
             ,
             the
             Messenians
             fell
             upon
             the
             Spartans
             ,
             who
             therefore
             dispatch'd
             Periclidas
             to
             Athens
             to
             sollicite
             for
             Succours
             ;
             of
             whom
             Aristophanes
             ,
             mocking
             ,
             said
             ,
          
           
             
               Go
               to
               the
               Altars
               ,
               and
               there
               prostrate
               lie
               ,
            
             
               And
               ,
               clad
               in
               Purple
               Robes
               ,
               demand
               Supply
               .
            
          
           
             This
             Ephialtes
             opposed
             ,
             protesting
             that
             they
             ought
             not
             to
             raise
             up
             or
             assist
             a
             City
             that
             was
             Rival
             to
             Athens
             ;
             but
             that
             being
             down
             ,
             it
             were
             best
             to
             keep
             her
             so
             ,
             and
             break
             the
             Pride
             and
             Arrogance
             of
             Sparta
             .
             But
             Cimon
             (
             as
             Critias
             relates
             )
             preferring
             the
             Safety
             of
             Lacedaemon
             to
             the
             Grandeur
             of
             his
             own
             Country
             ,
             so
             perswaded
             the
             People
             ,
             
             that
             he
             soon
             marched
             out
             with
             a
             great
             Army
             to
             their
             Relief
             .
             Ion
             reports
             the
             Speech
             he
             used
             to
             move
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             
               That
               they
               should
               not
               suffer
               Greece
               to
               be
               maimed
               by
               the
               loss
               of
               so
               considerable
               a
               Member
               ,
               nor
               their
               own
               City
               to
               be
               deprived
               of
               her
               Companion
               .
            
             In
             his
             return
             from
             aiding
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ,
             he
             passed
             with
             his
             Army
             through
             the
             Territory
             of
             Corinth
             :
             Whereupon
             Lachartus
             reproached
             him
             for
             bringing
             his
             Army
             into
             the
             Country
             ,
             without
             first
             asking
             leave
             of
             the
             People
             :
             For
             he
             that
             knocks
             at
             another
             Man's
             Door
             ,
             ought
             not
             to
             enter
             the
             House
             without
             the
             Master's
             leave
             .
             But
             you
             ,
             Lachartus
             ,
             (
             said
             Cimon
             )
             did
             not
             knock
             at
             the
             Gates
             of
             the
             Cleonians
             and
             Megarians
             ,
             but
             broke
             them
             down
             ,
             and
             entred
             by
             force
             ,
             thinking
             that
             all
             should
             be
             open
             to
             the
             Powerful
             .
             And
             having
             thus
             rallied
             the
             Corinthian
             ,
             he
             passed
             on
             with
             his
             Army
             .
             Some
             time
             after
             this
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             sent
             a
             second
             time
             to
             desire
             Succours
             of
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             against
             the
             Messenians
             and
             Helotes
             ,
             who
             had
             seized
             upon
             Ithone
             :
             But
             when
             they
             came
             ,
             the
             Spartans
             fearing
             their
             Courage
             and
             Resolution
             ,
             of
             all
             that
             came
             to
             their
             Assistance
             they
             sent
             them
             only
             back
             ,
             alledging
             they
             were
             turbulent
             and
             seditious
             .
             The
             Athenians
             returned
             home
             ,
             enraged
             at
             this
             Usage
             ,
             and
             vented
             their
             Anger
             upon
             all
             those
             who
             were
             Favourers
             
             of
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ;
             therefore
             upon
             some
             slight
             occasion
             they
             banished
             Cimon
             for
             ten
             years
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             time
             prescribed
             to
             those
             that
             are
             banished
             by
             the
             Ostracism
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             intending
             to
             free
             Delphos
             from
             the
             Phoceans
             ,
             brought
             an
             Army
             to
             Tanagra
             ,
             whither
             the
             Athenians
             presently
             marched
             with
             design
             to
             fight
             them
             .
          
           
             Cimon
             also
             came
             thither
             armed
             ,
             and
             ranged
             himself
             amongst
             those
             of
             his
             own
             Tribe
             ,
             which
             was
             that
             of
             Aeneide
             ;
             but
             the
             Council
             of
             five
             hundred
             being
             informed
             of
             this
             ,
             and
             frighted
             at
             it
             ,
             (
             his
             Adversaries
             crying
             out
             he
             would
             disorder
             the
             Army
             ,
             and
             bring
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             to
             Athens
             )
             Commanded
             the
             Officers
             not
             to
             receive
             him
             ;
             wherefore
             Cimon
             left
             the
             Army
             ,
             conjuring
             Euthippus
             the
             Anaphlystian
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             of
             his
             Companions
             ,
             who
             were
             also
             suspected
             as
             favouring
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ,
             to
             behave
             themselves
             bravely
             against
             their
             Enemies
             ,
             and
             by
             their
             Actions
             make
             their
             innocence
             evident
             to
             their
             Country-men
             .
             These
             being
             in
             all
             an
             hundred
             ,
             took
             the
             Arms
             of
             Cimon
             ,
             and
             followed
             his
             advice
             :
             and
             making
             a
             Body
             by
             themselves
             ,
             they
             charged
             so
             desperately
             upon
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             that
             they
             were
             all
             cut
             off
             ,
             leaving
             to
             the
             Athenians
             a
             deep
             regret
             ,
             for
             the
             loss
             of
             such
             brave
             Men
             ,
             
             and
             repentance
             for
             having
             so
             unjustly
             suspected
             them
             .
             Whereupon
             they
             did
             not
             long
             retain
             their
             severity
             toward
             Cimon
             ,
             partly
             upon
             remembrance
             of
             his
             former
             services
             ,
             and
             partly
             constrained
             by
             the
             juncture
             of
             the
             times
             :
             For
             being
             defeated
             at
             Tanagra
             in
             a
             great
             Battle
             ,
             and
             fearing
             the
             Peloponnesians
             would
             come
             upon
             them
             ,
             at
             the
             opening
             of
             the
             Spring
             ;
             they
             recalled
             Cimon
             by
             a
             decree
             ,
             of
             which
             Pericles
             himself
             was
             Author
             :
             so
             reasonable
             were
             Mens
             resentments
             in
             those
             times
             ,
             and
             so
             moderate
             their
             Anger
             ,
             that
             it
             always
             gave
             way
             to
             the
             publick
             good
             ;
             even
             Ambition
             ,
             the
             most
             ungovernable
             of
             all
             humane
             Passions
             ,
             could
             then
             yield
             to
             the
             necessities
             of
             the
             State.
             
          
           
             Cimon
             as
             soon
             as
             he
             returned
             ,
             put
             an
             end
             to
             the
             War
             ,
             and
             reconciled
             the
             two
             Cities
             .
             Peace
             thus
             establish'd
             ,
             seeing
             the
             Athenians
             impatient
             of
             being
             Idle
             ,
             and
             eager
             after
             the
             Honour
             and
             Spoils
             of
             War
             ;
             lest
             they
             should
             set
             upon
             the
             Grecians
             themselves
             ,
             or
             with
             so
             many
             Ships
             cruising
             about
             the
             Isles
             and
             Peloponnesus
             ,
             they
             should
             give
             Occasions
             to
             intestine
             Wars
             ,
             or
             Complaints
             of
             their
             Allies
             against
             them
             ;
             He
             equipped
             two
             hundred
             Galleys
             ,
             with
             design
             to
             make
             an
             attempt
             upon
             Aegypt
             and
             Cyprus
             ;
             by
             this
             means
             to
             use
             the
             Athenians
             to
             fight
             against
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             and
             enrich
             themselves
             
             by
             spoiling
             those
             who
             are
             by
             nature
             Enemies
             to
             Greece
             .
             But
             when
             all
             things
             were
             prepared
             ,
             and
             the
             Army
             ready
             to
             imbark
             ,
             Cimon
             had
             this
             Dream
             :
             It
             seemed
             to
             him
             an
             angry
             Bitch
             bark'd
             at
             him
             ,
             and
             a
             kind
             of
             humane
             voice
             mixt
             with
             barking
             uttered
             these
             Words
             .
          
           
             
               Go
               on
               ,
               for
               shortly
               thou
               shalt
               be
               ,
            
             
               A
               Friend
               to
               my
               young
               Whelps
               and
               me
               .
            
          
           
             This
             Dream
             was
             hard
             to
             interpret
             ;
             yet
             Astyphylus
             of
             Posidonium
             ,
             a
             man
             skilled
             in
             Divinations
             ,
             and
             intimate
             with
             Cimon
             ,
             told
             him
             ,
             that
             his
             Death
             was
             presaged
             by
             this
             Vision
             ,
             which
             he
             thus
             explained
             .
             A
             Dog
             is
             Enemy
             to
             him
             he
             barks
             at
             ,
             and
             one
             is
             always
             most
             a
             friend
             to
             ones
             Enemies
             ,
             when
             one
             is
             dead
             ;
             that
             mixture
             of
             humane
             Voice
             with
             barking
             signifies
             the
             Modes
             ,
             for
             the
             Army
             of
             the
             Medes
             is
             mixt
             of
             Greeks
             and
             Barbarians
             .
             But
             after
             this
             Dream
             ,
             as
             he
             was
             sacrificing
             to
             Bacchus
             ,
             and
             the
             Priest
             cutting
             up
             the
             Victim
             ,
             a
             great
             number
             of
             Emmets
             ,
             taking
             up
             the
             little
             congealed
             particles
             of
             the
             blood
             ,
             laid
             them
             about
             
             Cimon's
             great
             Toe
             :
             This
             was
             not
             observed
             a
             good
             while
             ;
             but
             as
             soon
             as
             Cimon
             spied
             it
             ,
             the
             Priest
             came
             and
             shewed
             him
             the
             Liver
             of
             the
             Sacrifice
             imperfect
             ,
             wanting
             that
             part
             of
             it
             ,
             which
             they
             called
             
             the
             head
             of
             the
             Entrail
             .
             But
             he
             could
             not
             then
             recede
             from
             the
             Enterprize
             ,
             so
             he
             set
             sail
             ;
             sixty
             of
             his
             Ships
             he
             sent
             toward
             Aegypt
             ;
             with
             the
             rest
             he
             went
             and
             fought
             the
             King
             of
             
             Persia's
             Fleet
             composed
             of
             Phaenician
             and
             Cilician
             Sail
             :
             subdued
             all
             the
             Cities
             thereabout
             ,
             and
             threatned
             Aegypt
             ;
             designing
             no
             less
             than
             the
             entire
             Ruin
             of
             the
             Persian
             Empire
             ;
             And
             the
             rather
             for
             that
             he
             was
             informed
             Themistocles
             was
             in
             great
             repute
             among
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             and
             had
             promised
             the
             King
             to
             lead
             his
             Army
             ,
             whenever
             he
             should
             make
             War
             upon
             Greece
             ;
             but
             they
             say
             Themistocles
             losing
             all
             hopes
             of
             compassing
             his
             designs
             ,
             and
             despairing
             to
             equal
             the
             Vertue
             and
             good
             fortune
             of
             Cimon
             ,
             dyed
             a
             voluntary
             Death
             .
             Cimon
             still
             framing
             great
             designs
             ,
             and
             keeping
             his
             Navy
             about
             the
             Isle
             of
             Cyprus
             ,
             sent
             Messengers
             to
             Consult
             the
             Oracle
             of
             
               Jupiter
               Hammon
            
             upon
             some
             secret
             matter
             ;
             for
             't
             is
             not
             known
             about
             what
             they
             were
             sent
             ;
             the
             God
             would
             give
             them
             no
             Answer
             ,
             but
             commanded
             them
             to
             return
             again
             ,
             for
             that
             Cimon
             was
             already
             with
             him
             .
             Hearing
             this
             they
             returned
             to
             Sea
             ,
             and
             as
             soon
             as
             they
             came
             to
             the
             Grecian
             Army
             ,
             which
             was
             then
             about
             Aegypt
             ,
             they
             understood
             that
             Cimon
             was
             dead
             ;
             and
             computing
             the
             time
             of
             the
             Oracle
             ,
             they
             found
             that
             his
             Death
             was
             meant
             by
             it
             ,
             as
             being
             then
             with
             the
             Gods.
             
             Some
             say
             he
             died
             of
             Sickness
             at
             Citium
             in
             Cyprus
             ,
             and
             others
             of
             a
             wound
             he
             received
             in
             a
             Skirmish
             with
             the
             Barbarians
             ;
             when
             he
             perceived
             he
             should
             dye
             ,
             he
             commanded
             those
             under
             his
             charge
             to
             return
             to
             their
             Country
             ,
             and
             by
             no
             means
             to
             spread
             the
             news
             of
             his
             Death
             by
             the
             way
             ;
             this
             they
             did
             with
             such
             secrecy
             ,
             that
             they
             all
             came
             home
             safe
             ,
             and
             neither
             their
             Enemies
             nor
             Allies
             knew
             what
             had
             hapned
             .
             Thus
             ,
             as
             Phaenodemus
             relates
             ,
             the
             Grecian
             Army
             was
             ,
             as
             it
             were
             ,
             conducted
             by
             Cimon
             thirty
             days
             after
             he
             was
             dead
             .
             But
             with
             him
             perished
             all
             the
             good
             fortune
             of
             Greece
             ;
             for
             after
             his
             Death
             there
             was
             not
             a
             Commander
             that
             did
             any
             thing
             considerable
             ,
             or
             which
             might
             deserve
             the
             name
             of
             a
             great
             action
             ,
             and
             instead
             of
             uniting
             against
             their
             common
             Enemies
             ,
             they
             who
             bore
             sway
             in
             the
             Principal
             Cities
             ,
             animated
             them
             against
             one
             another
             to
             that
             degree
             ,
             that
             none
             durst
             or
             would
             interpose
             their
             good
             Offices
             to
             reconcile
             them
             .
             Thus
             by
             mutual
             discord
             ruining
             themselves
             ,
             the
             Persians
             had
             time
             to
             recover
             Breath
             ,
             and
             repair
             all
             their
             losses
             .
             'T
             is
             true
             indeed
             Agesilaus
             made
             some
             shew
             of
             the
             Grecian
             Forces
             in
             Asia
             ,
             but
             't
             was
             a
             long
             time
             after
             ;
             he
             seemed
             to
             revive
             some
             little
             appearances
             of
             a
             War
             against
             the
             Kings
             Lieutenants
             in
             the
             Provinces
             ,
             but
             they
             all
             quickly
             vanisht
             ;
             for
             before
             he
             
             could
             perform
             any
             thing
             of
             moment
             ,
             he
             was
             recalled
             by
             civil
             Dissentions
             at
             home
             :
             So
             that
             he
             was
             forced
             to
             leave
             the
             Persian
             Kings
             Officers
             to
             impose
             what
             Tribute
             they
             pleased
             on
             the
             Grecian
             Cities
             in
             Asia
             ,
             tho
             under
             the
             Dominion
             of
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             .
             Whereas
             in
             the
             time
             of
             Cimon
             ,
             no
             Officer
             of
             What
             Quality
             or
             Character
             soever
             could
             Command
             there
             ,
             nor
             durst
             any
             Souldier
             in
             Arms
             come
             within
             four
             hundred
             furlongs
             of
             the
             Sea.
             
          
           
             The
             Monuments
             called
             Cimonian
             ,
             to
             this
             day
             in
             Athens
             ,
             shew
             that
             to
             be
             the
             place
             of
             his
             Burial
             ;
             yet
             the
             Inhabitants
             of
             the
             City
             Citium
             ,
             pay
             particular
             honour
             to
             a
             certain
             Tomb
             ,
             which
             they
             call
             the
             Tomb
             of
             Cimon
             ,
             according
             to
             Nausicrates
             the
             Rhetorician
             ;
             who
             also
             reports
             ,
             that
             in
             a
             Famine
             ,
             when
             there
             necessities
             were
             very
             great
             ,
             they
             sent
             to
             the
             Oracle
             ,
             which
             commanded
             them
             to
             honour
             Cimon
             as
             a
             God.
             
          
           
             Thus
             have
             I
             drawn
             the
             Life
             of
             this
             Famous
             Captain
             ,
             and
             by
             these
             Proportions
             judge
             of
             him
             .
          
        
         
           
           
           
           
             
               
                 LUCULLUS
                 .
              
               
                 
                   See
                   siere
                   Lucullus
                   sues
                   ,
                   He
                   humbly
                   bends
                   ,
                
                 
                   Of
                   PRISCA
                   bvys
                   his
                   Honors
                   and
                   his
                   friends
                
                 
                   The
                   way
                   is
                   base
                   :
                   but
                   thus
                   hard
                   state
                   commands
                   ,
                
                 
                   For
                   ffortune
                   still
                   is
                   in
                   a
                   Womans
                   hands
                   :
                
              
            
             THE
             LIFE
             OF
             LUCULLUS
             .
          
           
             Translated
             by
             
               Giles
               Thornburgh
               ,
               A.
               M.
            
             
          
           
             VOLUME
             III.
             
          
           
             LVCVLLVS
             his
             Grandfather
             had
             been
             Consul
             ,
             his
             Uncle
             by
             the
             Mothers
             Sister
             was
             Metelius
             surnamed
             Numidicus
             .
             As
             for
             his
             Parents
             ,
             his
             Father
             was
             convict
             of
             Extortion
             ,
             and
             his
             Mother
             
             Caecilia's
             Reputation
             was
             blasted
             by
             her
             loose
             Life
             .
             The
             first
             thing
             that
             Lucullus
             did
             ,
             before
             ever
             he
             came
             to
             any
             Office
             ,
             or
             medled
             with
             the
             Affairs
             of
             State
             ,
             being
             then
             but
             a
             Youth
             ,
             was
             ,
             to
             accuse
             the
             Accuser
             
             of
             his
             Father
             ,
             Servilius
             the
             Augur
             having
             caught
             him
             in
             a
             Publick
             Trespass
             .
             This
             thing
             was
             much
             taken
             notice
             of
             among
             the
             Romans
             ,
             who
             commended
             his
             Justice
             therein
             ,
             as
             an
             Act
             of
             singular
             Vertue
             .
             Even
             without
             the
             Provocation
             ,
             the
             Accusation
             was
             esteem'd
             no
             unbecoming
             Action
             ;
             for
             they
             delighted
             to
             see
             young
             Men
             as
             eagerly
             pursuing
             injustice
             ,
             as
             good
             Dogs
             do
             wild
             Beasts
             .
             But
             when
             great
             Animosities
             arose
             thereupon
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             some
             were
             wouned
             and
             killed
             in
             the
             Fray
             ,
             Servilius
             fled
             .
             Lucullus
             followed
             his
             Study
             ,
             and
             became
             Master
             of
             the
             Greek
             and
             Latin
             Tongues
             ;
             
             which
             made
             Sylla
             dedicate
             to
             him
             the
             commentaries
             of
             his
             Life
             ,
             which
             he
             wrote
             himself
             ,
             that
             the
             History
             thereof
             might
             be
             more
             methodically
             ordered
             and
             digested
             .
             His
             Speech
             was
             not
             Elegant
             ,
             and
             ready
             for
             Gain
             only
             ,
             like
             one
          
           
             
               That
               disturbs
               the
               Hall
               ,
               as
               a
               mad
               Thynnus
               
               doth
               the
               Waters
               ;
            
             
               Out
               of
               it
               ,
               altogether
               as
               dry
               ,
               illiterate
               ,
               and
               mute
               .
            
          
           
             For
             in
             his
             younger
             days
             he
             chiefly
             addicted
             himself
             to
             the
             commendable
             Study
             of
             the
             Liberal
             Arts
             ;
             and
             growing
             old
             in
             the
             Camp
             ,
             he
             refreshed
             his
             Mind
             with
             the
             more
             comfortable
             Profession
             of
             Philosophy
             ,
             
             chiefly
             favouring
             the
             Theoretick
             Part
             ,
             and
             thereby
             wisely
             preventing
             that
             dangerous
             Contest
             that
             was
             breeding
             between
             Pompey
             and
             himself
             .
             Besides
             what
             hath
             been
             said
             of
             his
             great
             Learning
             already
             ,
             one
             Instance
             more
             was
             ,
             That
             in
             his
             Youth
             ,
             upon
             a
             Proposal
             of
             writing
             the
             Marsican
             War
             in
             Greek
             and
             Latin
             Verse
             and
             Prose
             ,
             after
             some
             witty
             Rallery
             upon
             the
             Occasion
             ,
             he
             seriously
             protested
             to
             Hortensius
             the
             Lawyer
             ,
             and
             Sisenna
             the
             Historian
             ,
             that
             hewould
             take
             his
             Lot
             for
             it
             ;
             and
             very
             probable
             it
             is
             ,
             that
             the
             Lot
             directed
             him
             to
             the
             Greek
             Tongue
             ,
             for
             the
             Greek
             History
             of
             that
             War
             is
             still
             extant
             among
             us
             .
             Many
             are
             the
             Signs
             of
             the
             great
             Love
             which
             he
             bore
             to
             his
             Brother
             Mark
             ,
             the
             earliest
             whereof
             the
             Romans
             at
             this
             day
             commemorate
             :
             Tho
             he
             was
             elder
             Brother
             ,
             he
             would
             not
             step
             into
             Authority
             without
             him
             ,
             but
             deferred
             his
             own
             Advance
             ,
             until
             his
             Brother
             was
             fitly
             qualified
             to
             bear
             a
             share
             with
             him
             ,
             who
             thereby
             so
             won
             upon
             the
             People
             ,
             as
             when
             absent
             ,
             
             to
             be
             chosen
             Aedyle
             with
             him
             .
          
           
             Many
             and
             early
             were
             the
             Proofs
             of
             his
             Valour
             and
             Conduct
             in
             the
             Marsican
             War
             ,
             being
             admir'd
             by
             Sylla
             for
             his
             Constancy
             and
             Mildness
             ,
             and
             always
             employ'd
             in
             dispatching
             affairs
             where
             Industry
             and
             Fidelity
             were
             required
             ;
             especially
             in
             the
             Mint
             ,
             most
             of
             the
             Money
             for
             carrying
             on
             the
             
             Mithridatick
             War
             ,
             being
             Coyned
             by
             him
             .
             Which
             being
             soon
             exchanged
             for
             necessaries
             in
             the
             Camp
             ,
             was
             for
             a
             long
             time
             Current
             in
             the
             Army
             ,
             and
             from
             thence
             called
             
               Luculleian
               Coyn.
            
             After
             this
             ,
             when
             Sylla
             conquered
             Athens
             and
             necessaries
             for
             his
             Army
             were
             cut
             off
             by
             reason
             the
             Enemy
             was
             Master
             at
             Sea
             :
             Lucullus
             was
             the
             man
             whom
             he
             sent
             into
             Libya
             and
             Aegypt
             ,
             to
             procure
             him
             shipping
             .
             It
             was
             then
             the
             depth
             of
             Winter
             ,
             when
             he
             ventured
             but
             with
             three
             small
             Greek
             Vessels
             ,
             and
             as
             many
             Rhodian
             Galleys
             ,
             not
             only
             into
             the
             main
             Sea
             ,
             but
             also
             among
             multitudes
             of
             the
             Enemies
             shipping
             ,
             even
             there
             where
             they
             were
             absolute
             Masters
             .
             Arriving
             at
             Crete
             ,
             he
             gained
             it
             :
             and
             finding
             the
             Cyrenians
             harassed
             by
             long
             Tyranny
             and
             War
             ,
             he
             took
             Care
             of
             their
             publick
             Affairs
             ,
             and
             settled
             them
             :
             Putting
             their
             City
             in
             mind
             of
             that
             saying
             which
             Plato
             had
             Divinely
             uttered
             of
             them
             :
             who
             being
             requested
             to
             prescribe
             Laws
             to
             them
             ,
             and
             mould
             them
             into
             some
             sound
             form
             of
             Government
             ,
             made
             answer
             ,
             That
             it
             was
             a
             hard
             thing
             to
             give
             Laws
             to
             the
             Cyrenians
             ,
             abounding
             with
             so
             much
             Wealth
             and
             Plenty
             .
             For
             nothing
             renders
             a
             man
             more
             intractable
             than
             Felicity
             ,
             nor
             more
             gentle
             than
             the
             shock
             of
             Fortune
             .
             This
             made
             the
             Cyrenians
             so
             willingly
             submit
             to
             the
             Laws
             which
             Lucullus
             imposed
             upon
             them
             .
             From
             thence
             
             sailing
             into
             Aegypt
             ,
             and
             pressed
             by
             Pyrates
             ,
             he
             lost
             the
             best
             part
             of
             his
             Navy
             :
             but
             he
             himself
             narrowly
             escaping
             was
             brought
             in
             State
             to
             Alexandria
             .
             The
             whole
             Fleet
             (
             a
             Complement
             due
             only
             to
             his
             Majesty
             )
             met
             him
             ,
             and
             young
             Ptolomy
             shewed
             wonderful
             kindness
             to
             him
             ,
             allowing
             him
             Lodging
             and
             Diet
             in
             the
             Palace
             ,
             in
             such
             a
             manner
             as
             no
             Stranger
             before
             him
             had
             been
             received
             in
             .
             Besides
             ,
             he
             gave
             him
             Gratuities
             and
             Presents
             ,
             not
             only
             such
             as
             were
             usually
             given
             to
             men
             of
             his
             Condition
             ,
             but
             four
             times
             as
             much
             ;
             but
             he
             received
             nothing
             more
             than
             served
             his
             necessity
             ,
             and
             accepted
             of
             no
             Gift
             ,
             tho
             one
             worth
             Eighty
             Talents
             was
             offered
             him
             .
             'T
             is
             reported
             he
             neither
             went
             to
             see
             Memphis
             ,
             nor
             any
             of
             the
             celebrated
             Wonders
             of
             Aegypt
             :
             It
             was
             
             for
             a
             man
             of
             no
             Business
             ,
             and
             much
             Curiosity
             to
             see
             such
             things
             ,
             not
             for
             him
             who
             had
             left
             his
             Commander
             in
             the
             Trenches
             ,
             storming
             the
             Walls
             of
             his
             Enemies
             .
             Ptolomy
             fearing
             the
             Effect
             of
             that
             War
             ,
             deserted
             the
             Confederacy
             ;
             but
             nevertheless
             sent
             a
             Convoy
             with
             him
             as
             far
             as
             Cyprus
             ,
             and
             at
             parting
             ,
             with
             much
             Ceremony
             wishing
             him
             a
             good
             Voyage
             ,
             gave
             him
             a
             very
             precious
             Emerauld
             set
             in
             Gold
             :
             Lucullus
             at
             first
             refused
             it
             ,
             but
             when
             the
             King
             shewed
             him
             his
             own
             Image
             graven
             thereon
             ,
             't
             was
             too
             late
             for
             a
             Denial
             ;
             for
             had
             he
             shewed
             any
             discontent
             
             at
             parting
             ,
             it
             might
             have
             endanger'd
             his
             Passage
             .
             Drawing
             his
             Squadron
             together
             ,
             which
             he
             had
             summoned
             out
             of
             all
             the
             maritime
             Towns
             ,
             except
             of
             those
             suspected
             of
             Pyracy
             ,
             he
             sailed
             for
             Cyprus
             ;
             and
             there
             understanding
             that
             the
             Enemy
             lay
             in
             wait
             under
             the
             Promontories
             for
             him
             ,
             he
             laid
             up
             his
             Fleet
             ;
             and
             sent
             to
             the
             Cities
             to
             send
             in
             Provisions
             for
             his
             wintering
             among
             them
             :
             But
             when
             Tide
             and
             Time
             served
             ,
             he
             Rigg'd
             them
             out
             and
             went
             off
             ,
             and
             Hoising
             up
             his
             Sails
             in
             the
             Night
             which
             he
             let
             down
             in
             the
             Day
             ,
             came
             safe
             to
             Rhodes
             .
             Being
             furnished
             with
             Ships
             at
             Rhodes
             ,
             he
             soon
             prevailed
             upon
             the
             Inhabitants
             of
             Chios
             ,
             and
             Knidia
             to
             leave
             the
             King's
             side
             ,
             and
             joyn
             with
             him
             against
             the
             Samians
             .
             Out
             of
             Chios
             he
             drove
             the
             King's
             Party
             ,
             and
             set
             the
             Colophonians
             at
             Liberty
             having
             seized
             Epigonus
             the
             Tyrant
             who
             oppressed
             them
             .
          
           
             About
             this
             time
             Mithridates
             left
             Pergamus
             ,
             and
             retired
             to
             Pitane
             ,
             where
             being
             closely
             besieged
             by
             Fimbria
             ,
             and
             not
             daring
             to
             engage
             with
             so
             bold
             and
             Victorious
             a
             man
             as
             Fimbria
             ,
             he
             contrived
             his
             Escape
             by
             Sea
             ,
             and
             sent
             for
             all
             his
             Fleet
             to
             attend
             him
             .
             Which
             when
             Fimbria
             perceived
             ,
             having
             no
             Ships
             of
             his
             own
             ,
             he
             sent
             to
             Lucullus
             ,
             entreating
             him
             to
             assist
             him
             with
             his
             in
             subduing
             the
             most
             Odious
             and
             Warlike
             
             of
             Kings
             ,
             lest
             the
             opportunity
             of
             humbling
             Mithridates
             ,
             an
             enterprize
             which
             cost
             the
             Romans
             so
             much
             Blood
             and
             Trouble
             ,
             should
             now
             at
             last
             be
             lost
             ,
             when
             he
             was
             within
             reach
             ,
             and
             so
             easily
             to
             be
             taken
             ;
             who
             being
             caught
             ,
             no
             one
             would
             be
             more
             highly
             commended
             than
             he
             ,
             who
             stopt
             his
             passage
             and
             seized
             him
             in
             his
             flight
             .
             He
             being
             drove
             from
             the
             Land
             by
             the
             one
             ,
             and
             stopt
             in
             the
             Sea
             by
             the
             other
             ,
             would
             be
             matter
             of
             Renown
             and
             Glory
             to
             them
             both
             .
             As
             for
             the
             great
             Actions
             of
             Sylla
             against
             the
             Orchomenians
             about
             Choeronea
             ,
             they
             were
             little
             valued
             by
             the
             Romans
             .
             The
             proposal
             was
             no
             unlikely
             thing
             ,
             it
             being
             obvious
             to
             all
             Men
             ,
             that
             if
             Lucullus
             had
             hearkned
             to
             Fimbria
             ,
             and
             with
             his
             Navy
             ,
             which
             was
             then
             near
             at
             hand
             ,
             had
             block'd
             up
             the
             Haven
             the
             War
             soon
             had
             been
             brought
             to
             an
             end
             ,
             and
             infinite
             Numbers
             of
             mischiefs
             prevented
             thereby
             .
             But
             he
             ,
             whether
             from
             the
             Sacredness
             of
             Friendship
             between
             himself
             and
             Sylla
             ,
             reckoning
             all
             other
             Motives
             far
             inferiour
             to
             it
             ,
             or
             out
             of
             Detestation
             to
             wicked
             Fimbria
             ,
             whom
             he
             abhorred
             for
             advancing
             himself
             by
             the
             late
             Death
             of
             his
             Friend
             ,
             and
             the
             General
             of
             the
             Army
             ;
             or
             ,
             at
             least
             by
             divine
             Providence
             sparing
             Mithridates
             then
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             have
             him
             an
             Adversary
             for
             the
             time
             to
             come
             ,
             would
             by
             no
             means
             comply
             ,
             but
             
             suffered
             Mithridates
             to
             escape
             ,
             and
             laugh
             at
             the
             attempts
             of
             Fimbria
             ,
             he
             himself
             alone
             first
             ,
             near
             Lectos
             of
             Troas
             in
             a
             Sea-fight
             overcame
             the
             King's
             Forces
             ;
             and
             afterwards
             when
             Neoptolemus
             came
             upon
             him
             with
             a
             greater
             Fleet
             ,
             he
             went
             aboard
             a
             
               Rhodian
               Quinquereme
               Galley
            
             ,
             commanded
             by
             Demagoras
             ,
             a
             Man
             very
             expert
             in
             Sea
             Affairs
             ,
             and
             altogether
             as
             Friendly
             to
             the
             Romans
             ,
             and
             sailed
             before
             the
             rest
             .
             Neoptolemus
             made
             up
             furiously
             at
             him
             ,
             and
             Commanded
             the
             Master
             with
             all
             imaginable
             might
             to
             bear
             up
             to
             him
             ,
             but
             Demagoras
             fearing
             the
             Bulk
             and
             Massy
             stem
             of
             the
             Admiral
             ,
             thought
             it
             dangerous
             to
             meet
             him
             ahead
             ,
             but
             Tacking
             about
             received
             him
             a-stern
             ,
             in
             which
             place
             though
             violently
             bore
             upon
             ,
             he
             received
             no
             manner
             of
             harm
             ,
             the
             blow
             being
             defeated
             by
             falling
             on
             those
             parts
             of
             the
             Ship
             which
             lay
             under
             Water
             .
             At
             which
             time
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Fleet
             coming
             up
             to
             him
             ,
             he
             Tack'd
             about
             ,
             and
             vigorously
             falling
             upon
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             put
             them
             to
             flight
             ,
             and
             pursued
             Neoptolemus
             .
             After
             this
             he
             came
             to
             Sylla
             in
             Chersonesus
             ,
             as
             he
             was
             passing
             the
             Strait
             ,
             and
             brought
             timely
             assistance
             for
             the
             safe
             Transportation
             of
             the
             Army
             .
          
           
             Peace
             being
             now
             made
             ,
             Mithridates
             sailed
             off
             to
             the
             Euxine
             Sea
             ,
             but
             Sylla
             Taxed
             the
             Inhabitants
             of
             Asia
             two
             thousand
             
             Talents
             ,
             and
             ordered
             Lucullus
             to
             gather
             and
             Coyn
             the
             Money
             :
             And
             it
             was
             no
             small
             Comfort
             to
             the
             Cities
             under
             
             Sylla's
             severity
             that
             not
             only
             a
             Man
             of
             spotless
             Life
             and
             Justice
             ,
             but
             also
             of
             Moderation
             ,
             should
             be
             employed
             in
             so
             heavy
             and
             disgustful
             an
             Office
             .
             The
             Mytilenians
             who
             deserted
             him
             ,
             he
             was
             willing
             should
             return
             to
             their
             Duty
             ,
             and
             to
             be
             moderately
             fin'd
             for
             the
             offence
             they
             had
             given
             in
             the
             Case
             of
             Marius
             .
             But
             upon
             their
             obstinacy
             ,
             he
             came
             up
             to
             them
             ,
             overcame
             them
             at
             Sea
             ,
             block'd
             them
             up
             in
             their
             City
             and
             besieged
             them
             ;
             then
             Sailing
             off
             from
             them
             openly
             in
             the
             Day
             to
             Elea
             ,
             he
             returned
             privately
             ;
             and
             an
             Ambush
             being
             laid
             round
             the
             City
             ,
             lay
             quiet
             himself
             .
             Whereupon
             the
             Mytilenians
             disorderly
             and
             eagerly
             plundering
             the
             deserted
             Camp
             ,
             in
             the
             very
             fact
             he
             fell
             upon
             them
             ,
             took
             many
             of
             them
             ,
             and
             slew
             five
             hundred
             ,
             who
             stood
             upon
             their
             defence
             ;
             he
             gained
             six
             thousand
             Slaves
             and
             a
             very
             rich
             Booty
             .
          
           
             He
             was
             no
             way
             engaged
             in
             the
             Great
             and
             General
             Troubles
             of
             Italy
             ,
             which
             Sylla
             and
             Marius
             had
             caused
             ,
             Providence
             at
             that
             time
             detaining
             him
             in
             Asia
             about
             business
             .
             He
             was
             as
             much
             in
             
             Sylla's
             favour
             as
             any
             of
             his
             other
             Friends
             ,
             to
             whom
             (
             as
             is
             said
             before
             )
             he
             dedicated
             his
             Memoirs
             as
             a
             Token
             of
             his
             kindness
             ,
             and
             at
             his
             Death
             passing
             by
             Pompey
             ,
             made
             him
             Guardian
             to
             
             his
             Son
             ,
             which
             seems
             to
             be
             the
             rise
             of
             the
             Quarrel
             between
             them
             two
             ,
             both
             young
             Men
             ,
             equally
             contending
             for
             Honour
             .
             A
             little
             after
             
             Sylla's
             Death
             he
             was
             made
             Consul
             with
             
               M.
               Cotta
            
             ,
             about
             the
             one
             hundred
             seventy
             sixth
             Olympiad
             .
             The
             Mithridatick
             War
             being
             then
             under
             debate
             ,
             Marcus
             reported
             that
             it
             was
             not
             finished
             ,
             but
             only
             respited
             for
             a
             time
             :
             Wherefore
             upon
             choice
             of
             Provinces
             ,
             the
             Lot
             falling
             to
             Lucullus
             to
             have
             that
             part
             of
             Gaul
             that
             was
             within
             the
             Alpes
             ,
             a
             Province
             where
             no
             great
             Action
             was
             to
             be
             done
             ,
             nor
             Glory
             to
             be
             obtained
             ,
             he
             was
             exceedingly
             troubled
             :
             But
             chiefly
             ,
             the
             Success
             of
             Pompey
             in
             Spain
             fretted
             him
             most
             ,
             being
             a
             man
             highly
             Renowned
             ,
             and
             after
             the
             Completion
             of
             the
             Spanish
             War
             ,
             the
             onely
             one
             likely
             to
             be
             chosen
             General
             against
             Mithridates
             .
             So
             that
             when
             Pompey
             sent
             for
             Money
             ,
             and
             signified
             by
             Letter
             that
             unless
             it
             were
             sent
             him
             ,
             he
             would
             leave
             the
             Country
             ,
             and
             Sertorius
             ,
             and
             bring
             his
             Forces
             home
             to
             
               Italy
               ;
               Lucullus
            
             most
             readily
             espoused
             his
             Cause
             ,
             that
             Money
             might
             be
             sent
             him
             ,
             to
             prevent
             any
             pretence
             of
             his
             returning
             home
             during
             his
             Consulship
             ;
             for
             all
             things
             would
             have
             been
             at
             his
             Disposal
             at
             the
             Head
             of
             so
             great
             An
             Army
             .
             Cethegus
             a
             very
             popular
             Man
             both
             for
             Words
             and
             Actions
             ,
             the
             Chief
             manager
             of
             Affairs
             in
             Rome
             ,
             had
             conceived
             
             a
             mortal
             hatred
             against
             him
             ,
             for
             declaiming
             against
             his
             Debaucht
             ,
             Insolent
             ,
             and
             lewd
             Life
             ,
             Lucullus
             therefore
             openly
             set
             himself
             against
             him
             .
             But
             
               Lucius
               Quintus
            
             ,
             another
             Demagogue
             ,
             inveighing
             against
             
             Sylla's
             Administration
             ,
             and
             endeavouring
             to
             put
             things
             out
             of
             Order
             ,
             by
             private
             Exhortations
             and
             Publick
             Admonitions
             ,
             he
             hindred
             his
             Design
             ,
             and
             suppressed
             his
             Ambition
             ,
             wisely
             and
             safely
             encountring
             so
             great
             an
             Evil
             in
             the
             very
             Bud.
             At
             this
             time
             ,
             News
             came
             that
             Octavius
             the
             Provincial
             of
             Cilicia
             was
             Dead
             ,
             and
             many
             appeared
             for
             the
             place
             ,
             courting
             Cethegus
             ,
             as
             the
             man
             best
             able
             to
             serve
             them
             .
             Lucullus
             set
             little
             value
             upon
             Cilicia
             it self
             ,
             no
             otherwise
             than
             as
             he
             thought
             by
             his
             acceptance
             of
             it
             ,
             no
             other
             man
             besides
             himself
             might
             be
             employed
             in
             the
             War
             against
             Mithridates
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             its
             nearness
             to
             Cappadocia
             .
             This
             made
             him
             use
             all
             his
             Interest
             that
             that
             Province
             might
             be
             allotted
             to
             himself
             ,
             and
             to
             none
             other
             ;
             which
             put
             him
             upon
             a
             Project
             ,
             not
             so
             Honest
             and
             Commendable
             ,
             as
             expedient
             for
             compassing
             his
             Design
             ,
             submitting
             to
             necessity
             against
             his
             own
             Inclination
             .
             There
             was
             one
             Proecia
             ,
             a
             most
             celebrated
             Wit
             and
             Beauty
             ,
             but
             in
             other
             things
             nothing
             better
             than
             an
             impudent
             Harlot
             :
             Who
             to
             the
             Charms
             of
             her
             Person
             ,
             adding
             the
             Reputation
             of
             one
             that
             loved
             and
             served
             her
             
             Friend
             ,
             by
             making
             those
             who
             came
             to
             her
             ,
             as
             they
             discoursed
             of
             the
             Designs
             and
             Promotions
             of
             their
             Friends
             ,
             had
             got
             a
             great
             Interest
             .
             She
             had
             seduced
             Cethegus
             ;
             the
             Chiefest
             Man
             in
             esteem
             and
             Authority
             of
             all
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             enticed
             him
             to
             her
             Love
             ,
             and
             so
             made
             all
             Authority
             follow
             her
             .
             For
             nothing
             of
             moment
             was
             done
             ,
             wherein
             Cethegus
             was
             not
             concern'd
             ,
             nothing
             by
             Cethegus
             without
             Praecia
             .
             This
             Woman
             Lucullus
             gain'd
             to
             his
             side
             by
             Gifts
             and
             Flattery
             (
             and
             great
             cost
             it
             was
             to
             procure
             so
             stately
             and
             famous
             a
             Dame
             ,
             to
             be
             earnestly
             concern'd
             for
             Lucullus
             )
             and
             presently
             found
             Cethegus
             his
             Friend
             ,
             using
             his
             utmost
             Interest
             to
             procure
             Silicia
             for
             him
             :
             Which
             when
             once
             obtained
             ,
             there
             was
             no
             more
             need
             of
             applying
             himself
             ,
             either
             to
             Praecia
             ,
             or
             Cethegus
             ;
             for
             all
             unanimously
             voted
             him
             to
             the
             Mithridatick
             War
             ,
             by
             no
             hands
             likely
             to
             be
             so
             successfully
             managed
             as
             his
             .
             Pompey
             was
             still
             contending
             with
             Sertorius
             ,
             and
             Metellus
             by
             Age
             unfit
             for
             Service
             ;
             which
             two
             alone
             were
             the
             only
             Competitors
             ,
             who
             could
             stand
             equal
             with
             Lucullus
             for
             that
             Command
             .
             Cotta
             his
             Collegue
             ,
             after
             much
             ado
             in
             the
             Senate
             ,
             was
             sent
             away
             with
             the
             Fleet
             to
             guard
             the
             Propontis
             ,
             and
             defend
             the
             
               Bithynians
               .
               Lucullus
            
             listed
             his
             Forces
             and
             carried
             them
             over
             into
             Asia
             ,
             where
             he
             collected
             some
             fresh
             ones
             ,
             the
             old
             
             ones
             being
             utterly
             disabled
             by
             dissoluteness
             and
             rapine
             .
             The
             Fimbrians
             ,
             as
             they
             were
             called
             ,
             being
             utterly
             unmanageable
             by
             their
             long
             mis-use
             ,
             and
             unfit
             for
             service
             .
             For
             these
             were
             they
             that
             had
             slain
             Flaccus
             the
             Consul
             and
             General
             ,
             under
             Fimbria
             ,
             and
             these
             were
             they
             who
             afterward
             betrayed
             Fimbria
             to
             Sylla
             ;
             a
             bold
             ,
             and
             barbarous
             People
             ,
             warlike
             ,
             expert
             and
             hardy
             in
             the
             field
             .
             Lucullus
             in
             a
             short
             time
             took
             down
             the
             Courage
             of
             these
             ,
             and
             disciplin'd
             others
             ,
             who
             then
             first
             (
             in
             all
             probability
             )
             knew
             what
             a
             true
             Commander
             ,
             and
             Governour
             was
             ,
             who
             in
             former
             times
             had
             been
             courted
             to
             service
             ,
             and
             took
             up
             Arms
             at
             no
             bodies
             Command
             ,
             but
             their
             own
             Wills.
             
          
           
             The
             Enemies
             provisions
             for
             War
             stood
             thus
             .
             Mithridates
             ,
             like
             many
             of
             the
             Sophisters
             ,
             very
             proud
             ,
             and
             haughty
             at
             first
             ,
             set
             upon
             the
             Romans
             ,
             with
             a
             very
             unprovided
             Army
             ,
             such
             indeed
             as
             made
             a
             good
             shew
             but
             was
             nothing
             for
             service
             ;
             but
             being
             shamefully
             routed
             ,
             and
             better
             instructed
             against
             a
             second
             Engagement
             ,
             he
             formed
             his
             Forces
             into
             a
             just
             ,
             and
             well
             martiall'd
             Army
             .
             And
             removing
             the
             Dangers
             ,
             and
             Inconvenience
             which
             might
             happen
             among
             Men
             of
             different
             Nations
             ,
             and
             Tongues
             ,
             and
             no
             less
             from
             gilt
             and
             rich
             Armour
             ,
             a
             greater
             Temptation
             to
             the
             Victors
             ,
             than
             
             security
             to
             the
             Bearers
             ,
             gave
             them
             broad
             Swords
             like
             the
             Romans
             ,
             and
             Massy
             Shields
             ;
             chose
             Horses
             better
             for
             Service
             than
             Shape
             ,
             drew
             up
             an
             hundred
             and
             twenty
             Thousand
             Foot
             in
             the
             figure
             of
             the
             
               Roman
               Phalanx
            
             ;
             had
             sixteen
             Thousand
             Horse
             ,
             besides
             Chariots
             Arm'd
             with
             Scyths
             no
             less
             than
             an
             hundred
             .
             Besides
             which
             he
             set
             out
             a
             Fleet
             not
             at
             all
             cumbred
             with
             Golden
             Cabins
             ,
             lascivious
             Baths
             ,
             and
             Womens
             furniture
             ,
             but
             stored
             with
             Weapons
             and
             Darts
             and
             other
             necessaries
             ,
             and
             made
             a
             descent
             upon
             Bithynia
             .
             Not
             only
             these
             parts
             willingly
             received
             him
             again
             ,
             but
             almost
             all
             Asia
             ,
             grievously
             oppressed
             before
             by
             the
             Roman
             Extortioners
             and
             Publicans
             ,
             seemed
             to
             be
             recovered
             of
             their
             former
             Distemper
             .
             These
             afterwards
             ,
             who
             like
             Harpies
             stole
             away
             their
             very
             Nourishment
             ,
             Lucullus
             drove
             away
             ,
             and
             by
             reproving
             them
             ,
             did
             what
             he
             could
             to
             make
             them
             more
             moderate
             ,
             and
             thereby
             prevented
             a
             general
             Sedition
             ,
             then
             breaking
             out
             in
             all
             parts
             .
             While
             Lucullus
             was
             detained
             in
             rectifying
             this
             ,
             Cotta
             finding
             Affairs
             ripe
             for
             Action
             prepared
             himself
             for
             the
             War
             with
             Mithridates
             ,
             and
             News
             coming
             from
             all
             hands
             ,
             that
             Lucullus
             was
             then
             Marching
             into
             Phrygia
             ,
             and
             he
             thinking
             Victory
             just
             almost
             in
             his
             hands
             ,
             lest
             his
             Collegue
             should
             share
             in
             the
             Glory
             of
             it
             ,
             hasted
             to
             Battel
             without
             him
             .
             But
             
             being
             routed
             both
             by
             Sea
             and
             Land
             ,
             he
             lost
             sixty
             Ships
             with
             their
             Men
             ,
             and
             four
             Thousand
             Foot
             :
             he
             himself
             was
             forced
             into
             ,
             and
             besieged
             in
             Chalcedon
             ,
             there
             waiting
             for
             relief
             from
             Lucullus
             .
             There
             were
             those
             about
             Lucullus
             ,
             who
             would
             have
             had
             him
             leave
             Cotta
             ,
             and
             go
             forward
             ,
             being
             then
             in
             a
             ready
             way
             to
             surprise
             the
             defenceless
             Kingdom
             of
             Mithridates
             .
             And
             it
             was
             highly
             resented
             by
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             that
             Cotta
             should
             not
             only
             lose
             his
             own
             Army
             ,
             but
             hinder
             them
             also
             from
             Conquest
             ,
             which
             at
             that
             time
             without
             the
             hazard
             of
             a
             Battel
             ,
             they
             might
             so
             easily
             have
             obtained
             .
             But
             Lucullus
             in
             a
             Solemn
             Speech
             declared
             unto
             them
             ,
             That
             he
             would
             rather
             save
             one
             Citizen
             from
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             than
             be
             Master
             of
             all
             that
             they
             had
             .
          
           
             Archelaus
             Governor
             of
             Baeotia
             under
             Mithridates
             ,
             revolting
             from
             him
             and
             siding
             with
             the
             Romans
             ,
             demonstrated
             to
             Lucullus
             ,
             that
             upon
             his
             bare
             coming
             ,
             he
             might
             easily
             surprise
             all
             the
             Country
             of
             Pontus
             ;
             but
             he
             answered
             ,
             that
             it
             did
             not
             become
             him
             to
             be
             more
             fearful
             than
             Huntsmen
             ,
             to
             leave
             the
             chase
             of
             the
             wild
             Beasts
             abroad
             ,
             and
             seek
             after
             sport
             in
             their
             deserted
             Lodges
             .
             Having
             so
             said
             he
             made
             towards
             Mithridates
             ,
             with
             thirty
             Thousand
             foot
             ,
             and
             two
             Thousand
             five
             hundred
             Horse
             .
             But
             being
             come
             in
             sight
             of
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             he
             was
             astonished
             
             at
             their
             Numbers
             ,
             and
             resolved
             to
             forbear
             fighting
             ,
             and
             wear
             out
             time
             .
             But
             Marius
             ,
             whom
             Sertorius
             had
             sent
             out
             of
             Spain
             to
             Mithridates
             with
             Forces
             under
             him
             ,
             stepping
             out
             and
             challenging
             him
             ,
             he
             prepared
             for
             Battel
             .
             In
             the
             very
             instant
             of
             joining
             no
             manifest
             alteration
             preceeding
             ,
             of
             a
             sudden
             the
             Sky
             opened
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             Body
             of
             light
             fell
             down
             in
             the
             midst
             between
             the
             Armies
             ,
             in
             shape
             like
             a
             Hogshead
             ,
             but
             in
             Colour
             like
             melted
             Silver
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             both
             Armies
             being
             surprised
             stood
             off
             .
             This
             wonderful
             Prodigy
             hap'ned
             in
             Phrygia
             near
             
               Otryae
               .
               Lucullus
            
             after
             this
             began
             to
             think
             with
             himself
             ,
             that
             no
             Man
             could
             have
             Power
             and
             Wealth
             enough
             ,
             to
             sustain
             so
             great
             Numbers
             as
             Mithridates
             had
             ,
             for
             any
             long
             time
             in
             the
             face
             of
             an
             Enemy
             ,
             Commanded
             one
             of
             the
             Captives
             to
             be
             brought
             before
             him
             ,
             and
             first
             of
             all
             asked
             him
             how
             many
             Companions
             were
             quartered
             with
             him
             ,
             and
             how
             much
             provision
             he
             had
             left
             behind
             him
             ?
             and
             when
             he
             had
             answer'd
             him
             ,
             Commanded
             him
             to
             stand
             aside
             ;
             then
             asked
             a
             second
             and
             a
             third
             the
             same
             question
             ,
             after
             which
             comparing
             the
             quantity
             of
             provision
             ,
             with
             the
             Men
             ,
             he
             found
             that
             in
             three
             or
             four
             days
             time
             ,
             his
             Enemies
             would
             be
             brought
             to
             want
             .
             As
             for
             himself
             he
             was
             able
             to
             subsist
             longer
             ,
             having
             stor'd
             his
             Camp
             with
             all
             
             sorts
             of
             provision
             ,
             and
             living
             in
             plenty
             ,
             was
             better
             able
             to
             beset
             his
             hungry
             Enemy
             .
             Which
             made
             Mithridates
             set
             forward
             against
             the
             Cyzicenians
             ,
             miserably
             shattered
             in
             the
             fight
             at
             Chalcedon
             ,
             where
             they
             lost
             no
             less
             than
             three
             thousand
             Citizens
             ,
             and
             ten
             Ships
             .
             And
             that
             he
             might
             the
             safer
             steal
             away
             from
             Lucullus
             ,
             immediately
             after
             Supper
             by
             the
             help
             of
             a
             dark
             ,
             and
             gloomy
             Night
             ,
             he
             went
             off
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             Morning
             gained
             the
             City
             opposite
             to
             it
             ▪
             and
             sat
             down
             with
             his
             Forces
             upon
             the
             Adrastian
             Mount.
             Lucullus
             saw
             his
             Motion
             ,
             and
             pursued
             him
             ,
             but
             daring
             not
             to
             fall
             upon
             him
             with
             disorderly
             Forces
             ,
             sate
             down
             also
             near
             the
             Village
             called
             Thracia
             ,
             a
             convenient
             pass
             ,
             and
             plentiful
             place
             ,
             from
             whence
             ,
             and
             through
             which
             all
             the
             provisions
             for
             
             Mithridates's
             Camp
             must
             of
             necessity
             come
             .
             Whereupon
             judging
             of
             the
             event
             ,
             he
             kept
             not
             his
             mind
             from
             his
             Soldiers
             ,
             but
             when
             the
             Camp
             was
             fortified
             ,
             and
             the
             Works
             finished
             ,
             called
             them
             together
             ,
             and
             with
             great
             assurance
             told
             them
             ,
             that
             in
             few
             days
             ,
             without
             the
             expence
             of
             Bloud
             ,
             he
             would
             bring
             Victory
             to
             them
             .
          
           
             Mithridates
             besieged
             the
             Cyzicenians
             with
             ten
             Camps
             by
             Land
             ,
             and
             with
             his
             Ships
             blockt
             up
             the
             Strait
             that
             was
             betwixt
             their
             City
             and
             the
             Continent
             ,
             and
             stormed
             them
             on
             all
             sides
             ,
             who
             were
             fully
             prepared
             stoutly
             
             to
             receive
             him
             ,
             and
             resolved
             to
             endure
             the
             utmost
             extreamity
             ,
             rather
             than
             forsake
             the
             Romans
             .
             That
             which
             troubled
             them
             most
             was
             ,
             that
             they
             knew
             not
             where
             Lucullus
             was
             ,
             and
             heard
             nothing
             of
             him
             ,
             though
             at
             that
             time
             his
             Army
             was
             visible
             before
             them
             .
             But
             they
             were
             imposed
             upon
             ,
             by
             the
             Mithridatians
             ;
             who
             shewing
             them
             the
             Romans
             Encamped
             on
             the
             Hills
             ,
             Do
             ye
             see
             those
             ,
             said
             they
             ?
             those
             are
             the
             Auxiliary
             
             Armenians
             and
             Medes
             which
             Tigranes
             sent
             to
             Mithridates
             .
             These
             were
             astonish'd
             at
             the
             vast
             numbers
             round
             them
             ,
             and
             could
             not
             believe
             any
             place
             of
             relief
             was
             left
             them
             ,
             no
             not
             if
             Lucullus
             had
             come
             up
             to
             their
             assistance
             .
             Demonax
             sent
             by
             Archelaus
             was
             the
             first
             who
             told
             them
             of
             
             Lucullas's
             arrival
             ;
             but
             they
             disbeliev'd
             his
             report
             ,
             and
             thought
             he
             came
             with
             forged
             News
             to
             comfort
             them
             :
             At
             which
             time
             a
             Fugitive
             Boy
             was
             taken
             and
             brought
             before
             them
             ;
             who
             being
             asked
             where
             Lucullus
             was
             ,
             smiled
             at
             their
             jesting
             ,
             as
             he
             thought
             ;
             but
             finding
             them
             in
             earnest
             ,
             with
             his
             finger
             shewed
             them
             the
             Roman
             Camp
             ;
             upon
             which
             they
             took
             Courage
             .
             In
             the
             Lake
             Dascylitis
             they
             used
             Vessels
             of
             a
             midling
             size
             ,
             the
             biggest
             whereof
             Lucullus
             drew
             ashoar
             ,
             and
             carrying
             her
             in
             a
             Waggon
             to
             the
             Sea
             ,
             filled
             her
             with
             Soldiers
             ,
             who
             Sailing
             along
             unseen
             in
             the
             dead
             of
             the
             Night
             ,
             
             came
             safe
             to
             the
             City
             .
             The
             Gods
             themselves
             wondring
             at
             the
             constancy
             of
             the
             Cyzicenians
             ,
             seem
             to
             have
             animated
             them
             with
             signs
             from
             above
             ,
             but
             more
             especially
             now
             in
             the
             Festival
             of
             Proserpina
             ,
             where
             a
             black
             Heifer
             being
             wanting
             for
             Sacrifice
             ,
             they
             supplied
             it
             by
             a
             Meat-offering
             ,
             which
             they
             set
             before
             the
             Altar
             .
             The
             holy
             Heifer
             set
             apart
             for
             the
             Goddess
             ,
             and
             at
             that
             time
             grazing
             with
             the
             Herd
             of
             the
             Cyzicenians
             on
             the
             other
             side
             of
             the
             Strait
             ,
             left
             the
             Herd
             and
             came
             home
             to
             the
             City
             alone
             ,
             and
             offered
             her self
             for
             Sacrifice
             .
             By
             Night
             the
             Goddess
             appearing
             to
             Aristagoras
             the
             
               Town
               Clerk
            
             ,
             I
             am
             come
             ,
             said
             she
             ,
             and
             have
             
             brought
             the
             Lybian
             Piper
             against
             the
             Pontick
             Trumpeter
             ;
             bid
             the
             Citizens
             therefore
             be
             of
             good
             Courage
             .
             While
             the
             Cyzicenians
             
             were
             wondring
             at
             the
             Revelation
             ,
             by
             a
             sudden
             North
             wind
             there
             arose
             a
             great
             storm
             at
             Sea.
             The
             Kings
             battering
             Engines
             ,
             the
             wonderful
             Contrivance
             of
             Nicomedes
             of
             Thessaly
             ,
             then
             under
             the
             Walls
             ,
             by
             their
             cracking
             and
             shivering
             soon
             demonstrated
             what
             would
             follow
             ;
             after
             which
             a
             mighty
             tempestuous
             South-wind
             succeeding
             ,
             broke
             down
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             works
             in
             a
             Moments
             space
             ,
             and
             by
             a
             violent
             concussion
             ,
             threw
             down
             a
             wooden
             Tower
             a
             hundred
             Cubits
             high
             .
             'T
             is
             said
             that
             in
             
               ●…ium
               Minerva
            
             appeared
             unto
             many
             in
             the
             
             Night
             with
             bloudy
             and
             torn
             Garments
             ,
             telling
             them
             that
             she
             then
             came
             from
             relieving
             the
             Cyzicenians
             :
             and
             the
             Inhabitants
             to
             this
             day
             have
             a
             Monument
             ,
             with
             an
             Inscription
             by
             publick
             order
             of
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             Mithridates
             ,
             through
             the
             knavery
             of
             his
             Officers
             ,
             not
             knowing
             the
             want
             of
             Provision
             in
             his
             Camp
             ,
             was
             troubled
             in
             mind
             ,
             that
             the
             Cyzicenians
             should
             hold
             out
             Siege
             against
             him
             :
             But
             his
             Ambition
             and
             anger
             fell
             ,
             when
             he
             saw
             his
             Soldiers
             in
             want
             ,
             and
             feeding
             on
             Mans
             flesh
             ;
             Lucullus
             being
             no
             airy
             vain-glorious
             Enemy
             ,
             but
             one
             according
             to
             the
             Proverb
             ,
             who
             made
             the
             seat
             of
             War
             in
             their
             Bellies
             ,
             by
             seizing
             on
             the
             food
             ,
             which
             should
             sustain
             them
             .
             Mithridates
             therefore
             took
             advantage
             of
             the
             time
             ,
             while
             he
             was
             storming
             a
             Fort
             ,
             and
             sent
             away
             almost
             all
             his
             Horse
             to
             Bithynia
             ,
             with
             the
             Sumpters
             ,
             and
             as
             many
             of
             the
             Foot
             as
             were
             unfit
             for
             service
             .
             Which
             Lucullus
             understanding
             ,
             came
             to
             his
             Camp
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             Morning
             during
             the
             storm
             ,
             took
             ten
             bands
             of
             Foot
             ,
             and
             the
             Horse
             with
             him
             ,
             and
             pursued
             them
             through
             Tempest
             and
             Cold
             ,
             though
             the
             severity
             of
             the
             Weather
             forc'd
             some
             of
             his
             Soldiers
             back
             ,
             who
             were
             ready
             to
             perish
             under
             it
             ;
             and
             with
             the
             rest
             coming
             upon
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             near
             the
             River
             Ryndacus
             ,
             overthrew
             them
             with
             so
             great
             an
             Overthrow
             ,
             that
             the
             very
             Women
             of
             
             Apollonia
             came
             out
             to
             seize
             on
             the
             Booty
             ,
             and
             rob
             the
             Slain
             .
             Great
             numbers
             ,
             as
             we
             may
             suppose
             ,
             were
             slain
             ,
             six
             Thousand
             Horses
             taken
             ,
             with
             an
             infinite
             number
             of
             labouring
             Cattel
             ,
             and
             no
             less
             than
             fifteen
             Thousand
             Men
             ;
             all
             which
             he
             led
             along
             by
             the
             Enemies
             Camp.
             And
             here
             I
             cannot
             but
             wonder
             at
             Salust
             ,
             who
             says
             ,
             That
             this
             was
             the
             first
             time
             Camels
             were
             seen
             by
             the
             Romans
             ;
             as
             if
             he
             thought
             those
             who
             fought
             under
             Scipio
             against
             Antiochus
             before
             ,
             or
             those
             lately
             under
             the
             Command
             of
             Archelaus
             against
             the
             Orchomenians
             about
             Chaeronea
             ,
             had
             not
             known
             what
             a
             Camel
             was
             .
             But
             however
             ,
             't
             is
             well
             known
             ,
             that
             Mithridates
             soon
             fled
             ,
             and
             contrived
             Delays
             and
             Diversions
             for
             Lucullus
             ,
             while
             he
             sent
             his
             Admiral
             Aristonicus
             to
             the
             Greek
             Sea
             ;
             who
             was
             betray'd
             in
             the
             very
             instant
             of
             going
             off
             ,
             and
             Lucullus
             became
             Master
             of
             him
             ,
             and
             ten
             Thousand
             pieces
             of
             Gold
             ,
             which
             he
             was
             carrying
             with
             him
             ,
             to
             corrupt
             some
             of
             the
             Roman
             Army
             .
             After
             which
             ,
             Mithridates
             himself
             made
             for
             the
             Sea
             ,
             leaving
             the
             Foot-Officers
             to
             conduct
             the
             Army
             ;
             upon
             whom
             Lucullus
             fell
             about
             the
             River
             Granicus
             ,
             where
             he
             took
             a
             vast
             number
             alive
             ,
             and
             slew
             15000.
             
             'T
             is
             reported
             that
             the
             number
             of
             fighting
             Men
             ,
             and
             others
             who
             followed
             the
             Camp
             ,
             destroy'd
             ,
             amounted
             to
             thirty
             Myriads
             .
          
           
           
             Lucullus
             first
             went
             into
             Cyzicum
             ,
             and
             then
             fitting
             his
             Navy
             ,
             sail'd
             away
             into
             the
             Hellespont
             ,
             and
             arriving
             at
             Troas
             ,
             he
             lodg'd
             in
             the
             Temple
             of
             Venus
             ,
             where
             in
             the
             night
             he
             thought
             he
             saw
             the
             Goddess
             coming
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             saying
             ,
             
               Why
               sleepest
               thou
               ,
               great
               Lion
               ,
               when
               the
               Fawns
               are
               nigh
               ?
            
             Rising
             up
             hereupon
             ,
             he
             called
             his
             Friends
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             told
             them
             his
             Vision
             ;
             at
             which
             instant
             some
             Ilians
             being
             present
             ,
             acquainted
             him
             ,
             that
             thirteen
             of
             the
             King
             's
             Quinqueremes
             were
             seen
             off
             of
             the
             Achean
             Haven
             ,
             sailing
             for
             Lemnos
             .
             He
             took
             these
             ,
             and
             slew
             their
             Admiral
             Isidorus
             ;
             and
             then
             made
             after
             another
             Squadron
             ,
             who
             were
             in
             Harbour
             ,
             with
             their
             Vessels
             ashoar
             ,
             but
             fought
             from
             above-deck
             ,
             and
             sorely
             gall'd
             
             Lucullus's
             Men
             ;
             there
             being
             neither
             room
             to
             sail
             round
             them
             ,
             nor
             to
             bear
             upon
             them
             for
             any
             damage
             ,
             while
             they
             stood
             secure
             ,
             and
             fix'd
             on
             the
             Sand.
             After
             much
             ado
             ,
             at
             the
             only
             Landing-place
             of
             all
             the
             Island
             ,
             he
             Landed
             the
             Choicest
             of
             his
             Men
             ,
             who
             falling
             upon
             the
             Enemy
             behind
             ,
             kill'd
             some
             ,
             and
             forced
             others
             to
             cut
             their
             Cables
             ,
             who
             making
             from
             the
             Shoar
             ,
             fell
             foul
             upon
             one
             another
             ,
             or
             came
             within
             reach
             of
             Lucullus
             his
             Fleet.
             Many
             were
             kill'd
             in
             the
             Action
             .
             Among
             the
             Captives
             was
             Marius
             the
             Commander
             ,
             sent
             by
             Sertorius
             ,
             a
             Man
             who
             had
             but
             one
             Eye
             :
             And
             it
             was
             
             Lucullus's
             strict
             Command
             
             to
             his
             Men
             before
             the
             Engagement
             ,
             that
             they
             should
             kill
             no
             Man
             who
             had
             but
             one
             Eye
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             rather
             die
             under
             disgrace
             and
             reproach
             .
             This
             being
             over
             ,
             he
             hastned
             his
             Pursuit
             after
             Mithridates
             ,
             whom
             he
             hoped
             to
             find
             at
             Bithynia
             ,
             block'd
             up
             by
             Voconius
             ,
             whom
             he
             sent
             out
             before
             to
             Nicomedia
             with
             part
             of
             the
             Fleet
             ,
             to
             stop
             his
             Flight
             :
             But
             Voconius
             ,
             by
             his
             mirth
             and
             jollity
             in
             Samothracia
             ,
             slipt
             out
             his
             opportunity
             ,
             Mithridates
             being
             pass'd
             by
             with
             all
             his
             Fleet
             ;
             who
             hastning
             into
             Pontus
             before
             Lucullus
             came
             up
             to
             him
             ,
             was
             nevertheless
             catch'd
             in
             a
             Storm
             ,
             which
             dispersed
             his
             Fleet
             ,
             and
             sunk
             several
             Ships
             .
             The
             Wreck
             floated
             on
             all
             the
             neighbouring
             Shoar
             for
             many
             days
             after
             .
             The
             Ship
             wherein
             he
             himself
             was
             ,
             uncapable
             of
             being
             brought
             ashoar
             by
             the
             Masters
             for
             its
             bigness
             ,
             rolling
             up
             and
             down
             in
             the
             Flood
             ,
             being
             heavy
             with
             Water
             and
             ready
             to
             sink
             ,
             he
             left
             ,
             and
             went
             aboard
             a
             Pyratical
             Vessel
             ,
             delivering
             himself
             into
             the
             hands
             of
             Pyrats
             ,
             and
             unexpectedly
             and
             wonderfully
             came
             safe
             to
             Heraclea
             in
             Pontus
             .
          
           
             There
             hapned
             a
             generous
             Emulation
             between
             Lucullus
             and
             the
             Senate
             :
             For
             they
             having
             decreed
             him
             3000
             Talents
             to
             furnish
             out
             a
             Navy
             ,
             he
             himself
             was
             against
             it
             ,
             and
             sent
             them
             word
             ,
             that
             without
             so
             great
             Supplies
             ,
             by
             the
             Confederate
             Shipping
             alone
             ,
             
             he
             did
             not
             in
             the
             least
             doubt
             but
             to
             rout
             Mithridates
             from
             the
             Sea.
             And
             so
             he
             did
             ,
             by
             Assistance
             from
             above
             ;
             for
             't
             is
             reported
             ,
             that
             
               Diana
               Priapina
            
             sent
             the
             great
             Tempest
             upon
             the
             People
             of
             Pontus
             ,
             because
             they
             had
             robbed
             her
             Temple
             ,
             and
             removed
             her
             Image
             .
             When
             many
             were
             perswading
             Lucullus
             to
             go
             directly
             on
             ,
             he
             rejected
             their
             Counsel
             ,
             and
             march'd
             through
             Bithynia
             and
             Galatia
             ,
             to
             the
             King's
             Country
             ;
             in
             so
             great
             scarcity
             of
             Provision
             at
             first
             ,
             that
             thirty
             Thousand
             Galatians
             followed
             ,
             every
             Man
             carrying
             a
             Bushel
             of
             Wheat
             at
             his
             Back
             .
             But
             he
             subduing
             all
             in
             his
             Progress
             before
             him
             ,
             at
             last
             arrived
             at
             so
             great
             Plenty
             ,
             that
             an
             Ox
             was
             sold
             in
             the
             Camp
             for
             a
             single
             Groat
             ,
             and
             a
             Slave
             for
             four
             .
             The
             other
             Booty
             they
             made
             no
             account
             of
             ,
             but
             took
             and
             destroyed
             as
             they
             pleased
             ;
             there
             being
             no
             Contest
             among
             them
             ,
             where
             all
             were
             satisfied
             .
             But
             inasmuch
             as
             they
             had
             made
             frequent
             Incursions
             and
             Advances
             ,
             as
             far
             as
             Themiscyra
             and
             the
             inner
             Thermodon
             ,
             and
             had
             laid
             waste
             the
             Country
             before
             them
             ,
             they
             began
             to
             discourse
             with
             Lucullus
             in
             good
             earnest
             ,
             
               Why
               he
               took
               so
               many
               Towns
               by
               Surrender
               ,
               and
               never
               an
               one
               by
               Storm
               ,
               which
               might
               enrich
               them
               with
               the
               Plunder
               .
               And
               now
               ,
               forsooth
               leaving
               Amisus
               behind
               ,
               a
               rich
               and
               wealthy
               City
               ,
               of
               easie
               Conquest
               (
               if
               closely
               besieged
               )
               
               to
               carry
               us
               into
               the
               Tibarenian
               and
               Chaldean
               Wilderness
               ,
               to
               fight
               with
               Mithridates
               .
            
             Lucullus
             little
             thinking
             this
             would
             be
             of
             so
             dangerous
             consequence
             as
             it
             afterwards
             prov'd
             ,
             took
             no
             notice
             of
             it
             ,
             but
             slighted
             it
             ,
             and
             choose
             rather
             to
             excuse
             himself
             to
             those
             who
             blamed
             his
             Tardiness
             ,
             in
             losing
             time
             about
             small
             pitiful
             Places
             ,
             not
             worth
             the
             while
             ,
             and
             allowing
             Mithridates
             time
             to
             recruit
             .
             
               That
               is
               what
               I
               design
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               and
               am
               contriving
               by
               my
               delay
               ,
               that
               he
               may
               grow
               great
               again
               ,
               and
               gather
               a
               considerable
               Army
               ,
               which
               may
               induce
               him
               to
               stand
               ,
               and
               not
               fly
               away
               before
               us
               ,
               for
               do
               ye
               not
               see
               the
               vast
               and
               boundless
               Wilderness
               behind
               ?
               Caucasus
               is
               not
               far
               off
               ,
               and
               the
               steep
               and
               craggy
               Mountains
               ,
               enough
               to
               conceal
               numbers
               of
               Kings
               in
               their
               flight
               from
               Battel
               .
               Besides
               ,
               't
               is
               a
               Journey
               but
               of
               few
               days
               from
               Cabira
               to
               Armenia
               ,
               where
               Tigranes
               Reigns
               ,
               King
               of
               Kings
               ,
               who
               by
               his
               Power
               dissolved
               the
               Parthian
               Empire
               in
               Asia
               ,
               brought
               several
               Greek
               Towns
               under
               the
               Median
               Yoke
               ,
               Conquered
               Syria
               and
               Palaestine
               ;
               extinguished
               the
               Royal
               Line
               of
               Seleucus
               ,
               and
               carried
               away
               their
               Wives
               and
               Daughters
               by
               violence
               .
               This
               same
               is
               Relation
               and
               Son-in-Law
               to
               Mithridates
               ,
               and
               cannot
               but
               receive
               him
               upon
               entreaty
               ,
               and
               enter
               into
               War
               with
               us
               to
               defend
               him
               ;
               so
               that
               
               while
               we
               endeavour
               to
               depose
               Mithridates
               ,
               we
               shall
               endanger
               the
               bringing
               in
               of
               Tigranes
               against
               us
               ,
               who
               already
               hath
               sought
               occasion
               to
               fall
               out
               with
               us
               ,
               but
               can
               never
               find
               one
               so
               justifiable
               as
               the
               Succour
               of
               a
               Friend
               and
               necessitous
               Prince
               .
               Why
               therefore
               should
               we
               put
               Mithridates
               upon
               this
               strait
               ,
               who
               as
               yet
               knows
               not
               how
               he
               may
               best
               fight
               with
               us
               ,
               and
               utterly
               disdains
               to
               stoop
               to
               Tigranes
               ;
               and
               not
               rather
               allow
               him
               time
               to
               gather
               a
               new
               Army
               and
               grow
               insolent
               ,
               that
               we
               our selves
               might
               fight
               with
               the
               Colchians
               and
               Tibarenians
               ,
               whom
               we
               have
               often
               defeated
               already
               ,
               and
               not
               with
               Medes
               and
               Armenians
               .
            
             Upon
             these
             Motives
             Lucullus
             sat
             down
             before
             Amisus
             ,
             and
             slowly
             carried
             on
             the
             Siege
             ;
             but
             the
             Winter
             being
             well
             spent
             ,
             he
             left
             Murena
             in
             charge
             with
             it
             ,
             and
             went
             himself
             against
             Mithridates
             ,
             then
             Rendezvouzing
             at
             Cabira
             ,
             and
             resolving
             to
             wait
             for
             the
             Romans
             with
             forty
             Thousand
             Foot
             about
             him
             ,
             and
             thirteen
             Thousand
             Horse
             ,
             wherein
             he
             chiefly
             confided
             .
             But
             passing
             the
             River
             Lycus
             ,
             he
             challenged
             the
             Romans
             into
             the
             Plains
             ,
             where
             the
             Cavalry
             engaged
             ,
             and
             the
             Romans
             were
             beaten
             .
             Pomponius
             ,
             a
             Man
             of
             good
             note
             ,
             was
             taken
             ,
             wounded
             ,
             and
             sore
             ,
             and
             in
             pain
             as
             he
             was
             ,
             was
             carried
             before
             Mithridates
             ,
             and
             asked
             by
             the
             King
             ,
             If
             by
             saving
             his
             
             Life
             ,
             he
             would
             become
             his
             Friend
             ,
             who
             answered
             ,
             Yes
             ,
             if
             thou
             ,
             O
             King
             ,
             wilt
             be
             reconciled
             to
             the
             Romans
             ;
             if
             not
             ,
             thy
             Enemy
             .
             Mithridates
             wondred
             at
             him
             ,
             and
             did
             him
             no
             hurt
             .
             The
             Enemy
             being
             Master
             of
             the
             Plains
             ,
             Lucullus
             was
             something
             afraid
             and
             delayed
             getting
             to
             the
             Mountains
             ,
             being
             very
             large
             ,
             woody
             ,
             and
             almost
             inaccessible
             ;
             when
             by
             good
             luck
             some
             Greeks
             ,
             who
             had
             fled
             into
             a
             Cave
             ,
             were
             taken
             ,
             the
             eldest
             of
             whom
             ,
             Artemidorus
             by
             name
             ,
             promised
             to
             bring
             Lucullus
             ,
             and
             seat
             him
             in
             a
             place
             of
             safety
             for
             his
             Army
             ,
             and
             a
             Fort
             that
             overlook'd
             
               Cabira
               .
               Lucullus
            
             believing
             him
             ,
             lighted
             his
             Fires
             ,
             and
             marched
             in
             the
             Night
             ,
             and
             safely
             passing
             the
             Strait
             ,
             gained
             the
             Port
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             Morning
             was
             seen
             above
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             pitching
             his
             Camp
             in
             a
             place
             advantageous
             to
             descend
             upon
             them
             ,
             if
             he
             desired
             to
             fight
             ;
             and
             secure
             from
             being
             forced
             ,
             if
             to
             lie
             still
             .
             Neither
             side
             was
             willing
             to
             engage
             at
             present
             ;
             but
             't
             is
             reported
             that
             some
             of
             the
             King's
             Party
             being
             hunting
             a
             Stag
             ,
             some
             Romans
             quartered
             upon
             them
             and
             met
             them
             .
             Whereupon
             they
             Skirmished
             ,
             more
             still
             drawing
             together
             to
             each
             side
             .
             In
             short
             ,
             the
             King's
             Party
             prevailed
             ,
             where
             ,
             upon
             the
             Romans
             from
             their
             Camp
             seeing
             their
             Companions
             fly
             ,
             were
             enraged
             ,
             ran
             to
             Lucullus
             with
             Intreaties
             to
             lead
             them
             out
             ,
             pressing
             
             that
             Sign
             might
             be
             given
             for
             Battel
             .
             But
             he
             ,
             that
             they
             might
             know
             of
             what
             consequence
             the
             Presence
             and
             Appearance
             of
             a
             wise
             Governour
             is
             in
             time
             of
             Conflict
             and
             Danger
             ,
             commanded
             them
             to
             stand
             still
             ;
             but
             himself
             went
             down
             into
             the
             Plains
             ,
             and
             meeting
             with
             the
             foremost
             that
             fled
             ,
             commanded
             them
             to
             stand
             ,
             and
             turn
             back
             with
             him
             .
             These
             obeying
             ,
             the
             rest
             followed
             ,
             and
             making
             up
             a
             Body
             ,
             with
             no
             great
             difficulty
             drove
             back
             the
             Enemies
             ,
             and
             pursued
             them
             to
             their
             Camp.
             After
             his
             return
             ,
             Lucullus
             inflicted
             a
             just
             punishment
             upon
             the
             Fugitives
             ,
             and
             made
             them
             dig
             a
             Trench
             naked
             ,
             of
             twelve
             Foot
             ,
             while
             the
             rest
             stood
             by
             and
             look'd
             on
             .
          
           
             There
             was
             in
             
             Mithridates's
             Camp
             one
             Olthacus
             ,
             Governour
             of
             the
             Dardarians
             ,
             a
             Barbarous
             People
             ,
             living
             near
             the
             Lake
             Maeotis
             ,
             a
             Man
             remarkable
             for
             Strength
             and
             Courage
             in
             Fight
             ,
             Wise
             in
             Council
             ,
             and
             Pleasant
             and
             Free
             in
             Conversation
             .
             He
             ,
             out
             of
             Emulation
             and
             Glory
             ,
             outvying
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Lords
             ,
             promised
             a
             great
             piece
             of
             Service
             to
             Mithridates
             ,
             no
             less
             than
             the
             Death
             of
             Lucullus
             .
             The
             King
             commended
             his
             Resolution
             ,
             and
             according
             to
             agreement
             counterfeited
             Anger
             ,
             and
             slighted
             him
             ;
             whereupon
             he
             took
             Horse
             and
             fled
             to
             Lucullus
             ,
             who
             kindly
             received
             him
             ,
             being
             a
             Man
             of
             great
             Credit
             in
             the
             Army
             .
             After
             
             some
             short
             trial
             of
             his
             Sagacity
             and
             Wisdom
             ,
             he
             found
             way
             to
             
             Lucullus's
             Board
             and
             Council
             .
             The
             Dardarian
             thinking
             he
             had
             a
             fair
             opportunity
             ,
             commanded
             his
             Servants
             to
             lead
             his
             Horse
             out
             of
             the
             Camp
             ,
             while
             he
             himself
             ,
             as
             the
             Soldiers
             were
             refreshing
             and
             easing
             themselves
             in
             the
             Shade
             ,
             it
             being
             then
             High-noon
             ,
             went
             to
             the
             General
             's
             Tent
             ,
             not
             at
             all
             suspecting
             that
             entrance
             would
             be
             denied
             him
             ,
             who
             was
             so
             familiar
             with
             the
             General
             ,
             and
             came
             under
             pretence
             of
             extraordinary
             Business
             with
             him
             .
             He
             had
             certainly
             been
             admitted
             ,
             had
             not
             Sleep
             ,
             which
             hath
             destroyed
             many
             Captains
             ,
             saved
             Lucullus
             .
             For
             so
             it
             was
             ,
             that
             Menedemus
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             Bed
             chamber
             ,
             was
             standing
             at
             the
             Door
             ,
             who
             told
             Olthacus
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             altogether
             unseasonable
             to
             see
             him
             ,
             since
             after
             long
             Watching
             and
             hard
             Labour
             ,
             he
             was
             but
             just
             before
             laid
             down
             to
             compose
             him
             .
             Olthacus
             would
             not
             go
             away
             upon
             this
             Denial
             ,
             but
             still
             persisted
             ,
             saying
             ,
             that
             he
             must
             go
             in
             to
             discourse
             of
             some
             necessary
             Affairs
             whereupon
             Menedemus
             grew
             angry
             ,
             and
             replied
             ,
             That
             nothing
             was
             more
             necessary
             than
             the
             safety
             of
             Lucullus
             ,
             and
             forced
             him
             away
             with
             both
             hands
             .
             Whereupon
             ,
             out
             of
             sear
             ,
             he
             straightway
             left
             the
             Camp
             ,
             took
             Horse
             ,
             and
             without
             Effect
             returned
             to
             
               Mithridates
               .
               Thus
               in
               Time
               ,
               as
               in
               Physick
               ,
            
             
             
               there
               are
               Moments
               of
               Life
               and
               Death
               .
            
          
           
             After
             this
             ,
             Somatius
             being
             sent
             out
             with
             ten
             Companies
             for
             Forage
             ,
             and
             pursued
             by
             Menander
             ,
             one
             of
             
             Mithridates's
             Captains
             ,
             stood
             his
             Ground
             ,
             and
             after
             a
             sharp
             Engagement
             slew
             and
             destroyed
             the
             Enemy
             .
             Adrianus
             being
             sent
             afterward
             with
             other
             Forces
             ,
             to
             procure
             Food
             enough
             and
             to
             spare
             for
             the
             Camp
             ,
             Mithridates
             would
             by
             no
             means
             suffer
             him
             ,
             but
             dispatch'd
             Meremachus
             and
             Myro
             with
             a
             great
             Force
             ,
             both
             Horse
             and
             Foot
             ,
             against
             him
             ;
             all
             which
             ,
             except
             two
             ,
             (
             as
             is
             reported
             )
             were
             cut
             off
             by
             the
             
               Romans
               .
               Mithridates
            
             concealed
             the
             Loss
             ,
             giving
             it
             out
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             a
             small
             Defeat
             ,
             nothing
             near
             so
             great
             as
             reported
             ,
             and
             occasioned
             chiefly
             by
             the
             unskilfulness
             of
             the
             Leaders
             .
             But
             Adrianus
             in
             great
             Pomp
             passed
             by
             his
             Camp
             ,
             having
             many
             Waggons
             full
             of
             Corn
             ,
             and
             other
             Booty
             ;
             which
             brought
             Despair
             upon
             himself
             ,
             and
             Confusion
             and
             a
             horrible
             Consternation
             upon
             his
             Army
             .
             'T
             was
             resolv'd
             therefore
             no
             longer
             to
             stay
             .
             But
             when
             the
             King's
             Servants
             sent
             away
             their
             own
             Goods
             in
             quiet
             ,
             and
             hindred
             others
             from
             doing
             so
             too
             ,
             in
             great
             fury
             they
             thronged
             and
             crowded
             to
             the
             Gates
             ,
             seized
             on
             the
             Guards
             and
             kill'd
             them
             ;
             where
             Dorylaus
             the
             Captain
             ,
             having
             nothing
             else
             besides
             his
             Purple
             Garment
             ,
             lost
             his
             Life
             for
             the
             same
             ;
             and
             Hermoeus
             
             the
             Priest
             was
             trod
             under
             foot
             in
             the
             Gate
             .
          
           
             Mithridates
             having
             none
             of
             his
             Guards
             or
             Attendance
             with
             him
             ,
             got
             out
             of
             the
             Camp
             in
             the
             Throng
             ,
             but
             had
             none
             of
             his
             Horses
             with
             him
             ;
             but
             Ptolomy
             the
             Eunuch
             looking
             back
             ,
             and
             seeing
             him
             flying
             among
             the
             others
             ,
             dismounted
             ,
             and
             gave
             his
             Horse
             to
             the
             King.
             The
             Romans
             ,
             as
             they
             pressed
             on
             ,
             were
             just
             ready
             to
             take
             him
             ,
             the
             close
             Pursuit
             which
             they
             made
             ,
             reaching
             up
             just
             to
             him
             :
             But
             Greediness
             and
             Avarice
             hindred
             the
             Romans
             from
             acquiring
             that
             Booty
             ,
             which
             in
             so
             many
             Fights
             and
             Hazards
             they
             had
             sought
             after
             ,
             and
             hindred
             Lucullus
             from
             the
             Glory
             of
             Conquest
             :
             For
             the
             Horse
             which
             carried
             the
             King
             was
             just
             ready
             to
             be
             seized
             ;
             but
             one
             of
             the
             Mules
             that
             carried
             the
             Sumpter
             ,
             either
             by
             accident
             steping
             in
             ,
             or
             by
             order
             of
             the
             King
             so
             appointed
             to
             go
             between
             him
             and
             the
             Pursuers
             ,
             they
             seized
             and
             pilfered
             the
             Gold
             ,
             and
             falling
             out
             among
             themselves
             about
             ,
             the
             prey
             let
             slip
             the
             great
             Prize
             .
             Neither
             was
             their
             Greediness
             prejudicial
             to
             Lucullus
             in
             this
             only
             ,
             but
             also
             they
             slew
             Callistratus
             the
             King's
             Secretary
             ,
             under
             suspicion
             of
             having
             five
             hundred
             pieces
             of
             Gold
             quilred
             up
             in
             his
             Clothes
             ,
             whom
             he
             had
             ordered
             to
             be
             conveyed
             safe
             into
             the
             Camp
             ;
             notwithstanding
             all
             which
             ,
             he
             gave
             them
             
             leave
             to
             plunder
             the
             Camp.
             After
             this
             ,
             in
             Cabira
             ,
             and
             other
             strong
             Holds
             which
             he
             took
             ,
             he
             found
             great
             Treasures
             ,
             and
             private
             Prisons
             ,
             wherein
             many
             Greeks
             ,
             and
             many
             of
             the
             Kings
             Relations
             had
             of
             old
             been
             confin'd
             :
             who
             counting
             themselves
             no
             other
             than
             dead
             Men
             ,
             by
             the
             Favour
             of
             Lucullus
             met
             not
             only
             with
             Relief
             ,
             but
             a
             new
             Life
             and
             Resurrection
             :
             Nyssa
             Sister
             of
             Mithridates
             was
             made
             Captive
             by
             a
             blessed
             Captivity
             :
             but
             those
             who
             seemed
             to
             be
             most
             out
             of
             danger
             ,
             Wives
             and
             Sisters
             at
             Pharnacia
             ,
             placed
             in
             safety
             as
             they
             thought
             ,
             all
             miserably
             perished
             by
             the
             comming
             back
             of
             Bacchides
             the
             Eunuch
             from
             Mithridates
             to
             them
             .
             Among
             others
             ,
             there
             were
             two
             Sisters
             of
             the
             King
             ,
             Roxana
             and
             Statira
             ,
             Virgins
             of
             forty
             years
             old
             ,
             and
             two
             Ionian
             Wives
             ,
             Bernice
             of
             Chios
             ,
             and
             Monime
             of
             Milesium
             .
             This
             latter
             was
             the
             most
             celebrated
             among
             the
             Greeks
             ,
             because
             she
             so
             long
             withstood
             the
             King
             in
             his
             Courtship
             to
             her
             ,
             when
             he
             presented
             her
             with
             fifteen
             thousand
             Pieces
             of
             Gold
             ,
             until
             such
             time
             as
             the
             Marriage
             was
             consummate
             ,
             the
             Crown
             was
             sent
             her
             ,
             and
             she
             was
             saluted
             Queen
             .
             She
             had
             been
             a
             sorrowful
             Woman
             before
             ,
             and
             often
             bewailed
             her
             Beauty
             ,
             that
             had
             procured
             her
             a
             Keeper
             in
             stead
             of
             a
             Husband
             ,
             and
             Watch
             of
             Barbarians
             in
             stead
             of
             a
             Nuptial
             House
             and
             Attendance
             .
             Being
             removed
             
             from
             Greece
             ,
             she
             enjoyed
             the
             Pleasure
             ,
             which
             she
             proposed
             to
             her self
             ,
             only
             in
             a
             Dream
             ,
             being
             in
             the
             mean
             time
             robb'd
             of
             that
             which
             is
             real
             .
             Bacchides
             came
             and
             bid
             them
             prepare
             for
             Death
             ,
             as
             every
             one
             thought
             most
             agreeable
             and
             easie
             .
             She
             took
             the
             Diadem
             from
             her
             Head
             ,
             and
             fastning
             the
             String
             to
             her
             Neck
             ,
             suspended
             her self
             therewith
             :
             Which
             being
             soon
             broke
             ,
             
               O
               cursed
               Head-band
               ,
               said
               she
               ,
               not
               at
               all
               able
               to
               help
               me
               in
               this
               small
               thing
               !
            
             And
             throwing
             it
             away
             ,
             she
             spat
             on
             it
             ,
             and
             gave
             her
             Neck
             to
             
               Bacchides
               .
               Bernice
            
             had
             prepared
             a
             Potion
             for
             her self
             ,
             but
             at
             her
             Mother's
             intreaty
             ,
             who
             stood
             by
             ,
             she
             gave
             her
             part
             of
             it
             :
             Both
             drank
             of
             the
             Potion
             ,
             which
             prevailed
             over
             the
             weaker
             Body
             ;
             but
             Bernice
             having
             drank
             too
             little
             ,
             was
             nothing
             changed
             ,
             but
             being
             something
             indisposed
             ,
             was
             strangled
             by
             Bacchides
             for
             haste
             .
             'T
             is
             said
             that
             one
             of
             the
             unmarried
             Sisters
             ,
             with
             bitter
             Execrations
             and
             Curses
             ,
             drank
             the
             Poison
             ;
             but
             Statira
             uttered
             nothing
             ungentile
             or
             reproachful
             ,
             but
             ,
             on
             the
             contrary
             ,
             commended
             her
             Brother
             ,
             who
             in
             his
             own
             Danger
             neglected
             not
             theirs
             ,
             but
             carefully
             provided
             ,
             that
             without
             shame
             or
             disgrace
             they
             might
             go
             out
             of
             the
             World.
             
          
           
             Lucullus
             ,
             being
             a
             tender
             and
             good-natur'd
             Man
             ,
             was
             concerned
             at
             these
             things
             ;
             
             but
             however
             going
             on
             ,
             he
             came
             to
             Talauri
             ,
             from
             whence
             ,
             four
             days
             before
             his
             arrival
             ,
             Mithridates
             fled
             ,
             and
             was
             got
             to
             Tigranes
             in
             Armenia
             .
             Whereupon
             he
             took
             in
             the
             Chaldeans
             and
             Tibarenians
             ,
             with
             the
             lesser
             Asia
             ,
             and
             having
             placed
             Garrisons
             in
             their
             Cities
             ,
             he
             sent
             Appius
             to
             Tigranes
             to
             demand
             Mithridates
             .
             He
             himself
             went
             to
             Amisus
             ,
             which
             still
             held
             out
             Siege
             under
             the
             Command
             of
             Callimachus
             ,
             who
             by
             his
             great
             Skill
             and
             no
             less
             Experiencein
             Tacticks
             ,
             as
             much
             as
             could
             be
             shown
             in
             a
             Siege
             ,
             incommoded
             the
             Romans
             ;
             for
             which
             after
             he
             paid
             dear
             enough
             :
             For
             Lucullus
             unexpectedly
             coming
             upon
             him
             at
             the
             same
             time
             of
             the
             Day
             when
             the
             Soldiers
             used
             to
             lie
             quiet
             and
             still
             ,
             gained
             part
             of
             the
             Wall
             ,
             and
             forced
             him
             to
             leave
             the
             City
             ,
             which
             he
             fired
             ,
             either
             envying
             the
             Romans
             the
             Booty
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             contriving
             his
             own
             Escape
             the
             better
             thereby
             .
             No
             Man
             look'd
             after
             those
             who
             went
             off
             ,
             but
             as
             soon
             as
             the
             Fire
             had
             seized
             on
             most
             part
             of
             the
             Wall
             ,
             the
             Soldiers
             prepared
             themselves
             for
             Plunder
             ;
             where
             Lucullus
             pitying
             the
             Ruins
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             brought
             Assistance
             from
             without
             ,
             and
             encourag'd
             his
             Men
             to
             extinguish
             the
             Flames
             .
             But
             all
             Men
             being
             intent
             upon
             the
             Prey
             ,
             and
             giving
             no
             heed
             to
             him
             ,
             with
             great
             shoutings
             brandished
             their
             Weapons
             in
             the
             Air
             ;
             whereupon
             he
             was
             compelled
             
             to
             let
             them
             plunder
             ,
             that
             by
             that
             means
             at
             least
             he
             might
             save
             the
             City
             from
             Fire
             .
             But
             they
             did
             quite
             contrary
             ;
             for
             in
             searching
             the
             Houses
             with
             Lights
             and
             Torches
             ,
             every
             where
             with
             them
             they
             increas'd
             the
             flames
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             Lucullus
             the
             next
             day
             went
             in
             ,
             and
             weeping
             ,
             said
             to
             his
             Friends
             ,
             that
             he
             had
             often
             before
             blessed
             the
             Fortune
             of
             Sylla
             ,
             but
             never
             so
             much
             admir'd
             it
             as
             then
             ,
             because
             when
             he
             was
             willing
             ,
             he
             was
             also
             able
             to
             save
             Athens
             ;
             but
             my
             infelicity
             is
             such
             ,
             that
             while
             I
             endeavour
             to
             imitate
             him
             ,
             I
             become
             like
             Mommius
             .
             Nevertheless
             he
             endeavoured
             to
             save
             as
             much
             of
             the
             City
             as
             he
             could
             ;
             and
             at
             the
             same
             time
             also
             ,
             by
             a
             lucky
             Providence
             ,
             the
             Rain
             concurred
             to
             extinguish
             the
             Fire
             .
             He
             himself
             ,
             while
             present
             ,
             repaired
             the
             Ruins
             as
             much
             as
             he
             could
             ,
             receiving
             the
             Inhabitants
             who
             fled
             ,
             and
             setling
             as
             many
             Greeks
             as
             were
             willing
             to
             live
             there
             adding
             a
             hundred
             and
             twenty
             Furlongs
             of
             Ground
             to
             the
             Place
             .
          
           
             This
             City
             was
             a
             Colony
             of
             Athens
             ,
             built
             at
             that
             time
             when
             she
             flourished
             ,
             and
             was
             powerfull
             at
             Sea
             ;
             upon
             which
             account
             those
             who
             fled
             from
             
             Aristo's
             Tyranny
             ,
             setled
             here
             and
             ,
             were
             made
             free
             ;
             but
             had
             the
             ill
             luck
             to
             fly
             from
             Evils
             at
             home
             ,
             intogreater
             abroad
             .
             As
             many
             of
             these
             as
             survived
             ,
             Lucullus
             furnished
             every
             one
             with
             Clothes
             ,
             and
             two
             hundred
             
             Groats
             ,
             and
             sent
             them
             away
             into
             their
             own
             Country
             ;
             at
             which
             time
             Tyrannio
             the
             Grammarian
             was
             taken
             .
             Murena
             begg'd
             him
             of
             Lucullus
             ,
             and
             took
             him
             ,
             and
             set
             him
             free
             ;
             but
             he
             abused
             
             Lucullus's
             Favour
             therein
             ;
             for
             he
             by
             no
             means
             liked
             that
             a
             Man
             of
             Learning
             should
             be
             first
             made
             a
             Slave
             ,
             then
             Free
             ;
             for
             Freedom
             thus
             speciously
             granted
             again
             ,
             was
             a
             real
             deprivation
             of
             what
             he
             had
             before
             .
             But
             not
             in
             this
             Case
             alone
             Murena
             shew'd
             himself
             far
             inferiour
             in
             Generosity
             to
             the
             General
             :
             Lucullus
             was
             now
             busie
             in
             looking
             after
             the
             Affairs
             of
             Asia
             ,
             and
             having
             no
             War
             to
             divert
             his
             time
             ,
             spent
             it
             in
             the
             distribution
             of
             Justice
             ,
             which
             by
             the
             continuance
             of
             dismal
             Troubles
             and
             Revolutions
             ,
             had
             been
             for
             a
             long
             time
             a
             stranger
             in
             the
             Province
             ;
             which
             was
             then
             also
             miserably
             oppressed
             and
             enslaved
             by
             Publicans
             and
             Usurpers
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             they
             were
             forced
             privately
             to
             sell
             their
             Sons
             in
             the
             flower
             of
             their
             Youth
             ,
             and
             their
             Daughters
             in
             their
             Virginity
             ,
             and
             their
             Consecrated
             Gifts
             ,
             Pictures
             ,
             and
             holy
             Images
             in
             the
             open
             Market
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             end
             to
             yield
             up
             themselves
             Slaves
             to
             their
             Creditors
             ;
             before
             which
             worser
             troubles
             lay
             upon
             them
             ,
             which
             were
             Tortures
             ,
             Imprisonments
             ,
             Racks
             ,
             standing
             abroad
             to
             be
             scorched
             when
             the
             Sun
             was
             near
             ,
             and
             confin'd
             to
             stand
             in
             ice
             and
             clay
             in
             the
             cold
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             
             flavery
             was
             no
             less
             than
             redemption
             ,
             and
             joy
             to
             them
             .
             Lucullus
             in
             a
             short
             time
             freed
             the
             Cities
             from
             all
             these
             evils
             and
             oppressions
             ;
             for
             first
             of
             all
             ,
             he
             ordered
             there
             should
             be
             no
             more
             taken
             than
             One
             
               per
               Cent.
            
             Secondly
             ,
             where
             the
             use
             was
             greater
             than
             the
             Principal
             ,
             it
             should
             wholly
             be
             abolished
             :
             the
             Third
             ,
             and
             most
             considerable
             Order
             was
             ,
             that
             the
             Creditor
             should
             receive
             the
             fourth
             part
             of
             the
             Debtors
             income
             ;
             but
             if
             mens
             persons
             were
             engaged
             ,
             it
             was
             utterly
             disallowed
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             in
             the
             space
             of
             four
             years
             all
             debts
             were
             paid
             ,
             and
             lands
             return'd
             to
             their
             right
             Owners
             .
             The
             publick
             debt
             was
             contracted
             when
             Asia
             was
             fin'd
             twenty
             thousand
             Talents
             by
             Sylla
             ,
             but
             twice
             as
             much
             was
             paid
             to
             the
             Collectors
             ,
             who
             by
             Use
             and
             Interest
             had
             at
             last
             advanced
             it
             to
             a
             hundred
             and
             twenty
             thousand
             Talents
             .
             Whereupon
             they
             inveighed
             against
             Lucullus
             at
             Rome
             ,
             as
             injured
             by
             him
             ,
             and
             by
             their
             Wealth
             ,
             and
             Credit
             ,
             which
             they
             had
             over
             many
             of
             the
             Principal
             Officers
             ,
             they
             stirr'd
             up
             several
             leading
             Men
             against
             him
             .
             But
             Lucullus
             was
             not
             only
             beloved
             by
             those
             People
             whom
             he
             obliged
             ,
             but
             was
             also
             wished
             for
             by
             other
             Provinces
             ,
             who
             blessed
             the
             good
             luck
             of
             those
             ,
             who
             had
             such
             a
             Governour
             over
             them
             .
          
           
             
               Appius
               Clodius
            
             ,
             who
             was
             sent
             to
             Tigranes
             
             (
             the
             same
             Clodius
             ,
             was
             Brother
             to
             
             Lucullus's
             Wife
             )
             being
             led
             by
             the
             Kings
             guides
             in
             an
             unnecessary
             ,
             and
             tedious
             way
             ,
             over
             the
             Mountains
             ,
             through
             many
             Windings
             ,
             and
             Turnings
             ,
             being
             better
             informed
             by
             his
             Free-man
             ,
             a
             Syrian
             by
             Nation
             ,
             of
             the
             direct
             rode
             ,
             left
             that
             long
             and
             fallacious
             one
             ;
             and
             kindly
             bidding
             the
             Barbarians
             his
             Guides
             adieu
             ,
             in
             a
             few
             days
             passed
             over
             Euphrates
             ,
             and
             came
             to
             Antiochia
             upon
             Daphne
             .
             There
             being
             commanded
             to
             wait
             for
             Tigranes
             ,
             (
             who
             at
             that
             time
             was
             reducing
             of
             Phoenicia
             )
             he
             brought
             over
             many
             great
             Men
             to
             his
             side
             ,
             who
             unwillingly
             had
             submitted
             to
             the
             King
             of
             Armenia
             (
             among
             whom
             was
             Zarbienus
             King
             of
             the
             Gordyenians
             )
             where
             also
             many
             of
             the
             Conquered
             Cities
             Corresponded
             privately
             with
             him
             ,
             whom
             he
             assured
             of
             relief
             from
             Lucullus
             ,
             but
             ordered
             them
             to
             lie
             still
             at
             present
             .
             The
             Armenian
             Government
             was
             very
             heavy
             and
             intolerable
             to
             the
             Greeks
             ,
             especially
             that
             of
             the
             present
             King
             ,
             who
             growing
             insolent
             and
             proud
             with
             his
             Success
             ,
             imagined
             all
             things
             valuable
             and
             esteem'd
             among
             men
             ,
             that
             had
             been
             already
             in
             his
             power
             and
             purposely
             created
             for
             him
             alone
             .
             From
             a
             small
             ,
             and
             inconsiderable
             rise
             ,
             he
             had
             Conquered
             many
             Nations
             ,
             broke
             the
             Parthian
             Power
             (
             more
             than
             any
             before
             him
             )
             and
             filled
             Mesopotamia
             with
             Greeks
             ,
             whom
             
             he
             carried
             out
             of
             Cilicia
             and
             Cappadocia
             .
             He
             transplanted
             the
             Wild
             Arabs
             from
             their
             Country
             ,
             and
             manner
             of
             living
             ,
             and
             setled
             them
             near
             him
             for
             improvement
             of
             Trade
             .
          
           
             Many
             Kings
             serv'd
             at
             his
             Table
             ,
             but
             four
             he
             always
             carried
             with
             him
             as
             Servants
             and
             Guards
             ,
             who
             ran
             by
             his
             Horse
             side
             in
             poor
             habit
             ,
             and
             with
             folded
             hands
             attended
             him
             ,
             when
             sitting
             on
             his
             Throne
             ,
             and
             publishing
             his
             Decrees
             to
             the
             People
             :
             Which
             posture
             of
             all
             others
             was
             that
             which
             most
             expressed
             slavery
             ,
             it
             being
             of
             Men
             ,
             who
             had
             bid
             adieu
             to
             Liberty
             ,
             and
             had
             prepar'd
             their
             Bodies
             more
             for
             the
             Chastisement
             ,
             than
             service
             of
             their
             Masters
             .
             Appius
             being
             nothing
             dismayed
             ,
             or
             surprized
             at
             so
             Tragical
             a
             sight
             ,
             so
             soon
             as
             audience
             was
             granted
             him
             ,
             said
             ,
             he
             came
             to
             demand
             Mithridates
             ,
             due
             to
             
             Lucullus's
             triumph
             ,
             otherwise
             to
             denounce
             War
             against
             Tigranes
             :
             Insomuch
             that
             tho
             Tigranes
             endeavoured
             to
             receive
             him
             with
             a
             pleasing
             Countenance
             and
             a
             composed
             Smile
             ,
             he
             could
             not
             dissemble
             his
             concern
             to
             them
             who
             stood
             about
             him
             ,
             at
             the
             frank
             humour
             of
             the
             young
             Man
             ;
             for
             it
             was
             the
             first
             time
             in
             twenty
             five
             years
             any
             free
             Speech
             had
             been
             uttered
             to
             him
             ,
             so
             many
             years
             had
             he
             then
             Reigned
             .
             But
             however
             he
             made
             answer
             to
             Appius
             ,
             That
             he
             would
             not
             desert
             Mithridates
             ,
             
             but
             would
             make
             the
             Romans
             pay
             dear
             enough
             for
             beginning
             the
             War.
             That
             he
             was
             angry
             with
             Lucullus
             for
             calling
             him
             only
             King
             in
             his
             Letter
             ,
             and
             not
             King
             of
             kings
             ,
             and
             therefore
             in
             his
             Answer
             he
             would
             not
             call
             him
             Imperator
             .
             Great
             Gifts
             were
             sent
             to
             Appius
             ,
             which
             he
             refused
             ;
             but
             they
             being
             augmented
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             not
             seem
             to
             go
             away
             in
             Anger
             ,
             he
             took
             one
             Goblet
             ,
             and
             sent
             the
             rest
             back
             ,
             and
             went
             off
             to
             the
             General
             .
             Tigranes
             before
             this
             neither
             vouchsafed
             to
             see
             nor
             speak
             with
             Mithridates
             ,
             tho
             a
             near
             Kinsman
             ,
             and
             forced
             out
             of
             so
             considerable
             a
             Kingdom
             ;
             but
             proudly
             and
             scornfully
             at
             a
             distance
             contemn'd
             him
             ,
             and
             in
             a
             manner
             secured
             him
             in
             Moorish
             and
             unhealthy
             Places
             ;
             but
             then
             with
             respect
             and
             kindness
             sent
             for
             him
             ,
             and
             at
             a
             private
             conference
             between
             them
             in
             the
             Palace
             ,
             they
             healed
             up
             all
             private
             jealousies
             between
             them
             ,
             punishing
             their
             Favourites
             ,
             who
             bore
             all
             the
             blame
             :
             Among
             whom
             
               Metrodorus
               Scepsius
            
             was
             one
             ,
             a
             witty
             and
             learned
             Man
             ,
             and
             a
             bosom
             Friend
             ,
             vulgarly
             called
             the
             King's
             Father
             .
             
               This
               Man
               as
               it
               hapned
               ,
               being
               employed
               in
               an
               Embassy
               by
            
             Mithridates
             
               to
               sollicite
               help
               against
               the
            
             Romans
             ,
             Tigranes
             
               ask'd
               him
               ,
               What
               would
               you
               ,
            
             Metrodorus
             ,
             
               advise
               me
               to
               in
               this
               Affair
               ?
               In
               return
               to
               which
               ,
               either
               out
               of
               good
               Will
               to
            
             Tigranes
             ,
             
               or
               of
               desire
               to
               have
            
             Mithridates
             
             
               taken
               off
               ,
               made
               Answer
               ,
               That
               as
               Embassador
               he
               counsell'd
               him
               to
               it
               ,
               but
               as
               a
               Friend
               disswaded
               him
               from
               it
               .
            
             This
             Tigranes
             reported
             ,
             and
             affirmed
             to
             Mithridates
             ,
             thinking
             that
             no
             harm
             would
             come
             of
             it
             to
             Metrodorus
             .
             But
             upon
             this
             he
             was
             presently
             taken
             off
             ,
             for
             which
             Tigranes
             was
             sorry
             ,
             being
             not
             indeed
             the
             principal
             cause
             of
             
             Metrodorus's
             death
             ,
             but
             no
             small
             addition
             to
             the
             anger
             of
             Mithridates
             against
             him
             ;
             for
             he
             privately
             hated
             him
             before
             ,
             as
             appeared
             from
             his
             Cabinet-Papers
             when
             taken
             ,
             wherein
             it
             was
             ordered
             that
             Metrodorus
             should
             die
             ;
             Tigranes
             buried
             him
             splendidly
             ,
             sparing
             no
             cost
             to
             his
             dead
             Body
             ,
             whom
             he
             betrayed
             when
             alive
             .
             In
             
             Tigranes's
             Court
             died
             also
             Amphicrates
             the
             Orator
             ,
             (
             if
             at
             least
             for
             Athens
             sake
             ,
             we
             may
             remember
             him
             ,
             )
             for
             't
             is
             reported
             that
             he
             fled
             to
             Seleucia
             ,
             upon
             the
             River
             Tygris
             ,
             and
             being
             desir'd
             to
             teach
             Philosophy
             among
             them
             ,
             arrogantly
             reply'd
             ,
             that
             the
             Dish
             was
             too
             little
             to
             hold
             a
             Dolphin
             .
             Wherefore
             he
             came
             to
             Cleopatra
             ,
             Daughter
             of
             Mithridates
             ,
             and
             Queen
             to
             Tigranes
             ,
             but
             being
             accused
             of
             high
             Misdemeanors
             ,
             and
             prohibited
             all
             Commerce
             with
             his
             Country-men
             ,
             soon
             ended
             his
             Days
             .
          
           
             Lucullus
             ,
             when
             he
             had
             established
             wholesome
             Laws
             ,
             and
             a
             lasting
             Peace
             in
             Asia
             ,
             did
             not
             altogether
             banish
             Pleasure
             ,
             and
             Mirth
             ;
             
             but
             during
             his
             residence
             at
             Ephesus
             ,
             gratified
             the
             Country
             with
             Sports
             ,
             Festival
             Triumphs
             ,
             Wrestling
             Games
             ,
             and
             Prizes
             .
             And
             they
             in
             requital
             ,
             instituted
             others
             ,
             called
             Lucullian
             Games
             ,
             in
             honour
             to
             him
             ,
             thereby
             manifesting
             their
             real
             love
             to
             him
             ,
             which
             was
             of
             more
             value
             to
             him
             ,
             than
             all
             the
             Honour
             in
             the
             World.
             But
             when
             Appius
             came
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             told
             him
             he
             must
             prepare
             for
             War
             ,
             he
             went
             again
             into
             Pontus
             ,
             and
             gathering
             together
             his
             Army
             ,
             besieged
             Synope
             ,
             or
             rather
             those
             of
             the
             Kings
             side
             who
             held
             it
             ;
             who
             thereupon
             killed
             most
             of
             the
             Synopeans
             ,
             and
             set
             the
             City
             on
             fire
             ,
             and
             by
             night
             endeavoured
             to
             escape
             :
             Which
             when
             Lucullus
             perceived
             ,
             he
             came
             upon
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             killed
             Eight
             thousand
             of
             those
             who
             were
             left
             behind
             ;
             but
             to
             the
             others
             he
             restored
             what
             was
             their
             own
             ,
             and
             took
             special
             care
             for
             the
             Welfare
             of
             the
             City
             .
             To
             which
             he
             was
             chiefly
             prompted
             by
             this
             Vision
             .
             One
             seemed
             to
             come
             to
             him
             in
             his
             sleep
             ,
             and
             say
             ,
             Go
             on
             a
             little
             further
             Lucullus
             :
             for
             Autolicus
             is
             coming
             to
             see
             Thee
             .
             When
             he
             arose
             ,
             he
             could
             not
             imagine
             what
             the
             Vision
             meant
             .
             The
             same
             day
             he
             took
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             as
             he
             was
             pursuing
             the
             Cilicians
             ,
             who
             were
             fled
             ,
             he
             saw
             a
             Statue
             lying
             on
             the
             Shoar
             ,
             which
             the
             Cilicians
             carried
             so
             far
             ,
             but
             had
             not
             time
             to
             carry
             it
             aboard
             .
             It
             was
             one
             of
             the
             Master-pieces
             of
             Sthenis
             :
             And
             one
             
             told
             him
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             the
             Statue
             of
             Autolicus
             ,
             the
             Founder
             of
             the
             City
             .
             Which
             same
             Autolicus
             is
             reported
             to
             be
             Son
             to
             Dimachus
             ,
             and
             one
             of
             those
             who
             under
             Hercules
             went
             in
             the
             Expedition
             out
             of
             Thessaly
             against
             the
             Amazons
             ;
             from
             whence
             ,
             in
             his
             return
             with
             Demoleon
             ,
             and
             Phlogius
             ,
             he
             lost
             his
             Vessel
             on
             a
             point
             of
             the
             Chersonesus
             ,
             called
             Pedalion
             .
             He
             himself
             ,
             with
             his
             Companions
             ,
             and
             their
             Weapons
             ,
             being
             saved
             ,
             came
             to
             Synope
             ,
             and
             dispossest
             the
             Syrians
             there
             .
             The
             Syrians
             held
             it
             ,
             descended
             from
             Syrus
             ,
             (
             as
             is
             reported
             )
             the
             Son
             of
             Apollo
             ,
             and
             Synope
             ,
             the
             Daughter
             of
             Asopis
             .
             Which
             as
             soon
             as
             Lucullus
             heard
             ,
             he
             remembred
             the
             saying
             of
             Sylla
             ,
             who
             positively
             affirms
             in
             his
             Memoirs
             ,
             That
             nothing
             is
             so
             credible
             ,
             and
             beyond
             dispute
             ,
             as
             what
             is
             revealed
             in
             Dreams
             .
          
           
             But
             as
             soon
             as
             it
             was
             told
             him
             that
             Mithridates
             and
             Tigranes
             were
             just
             ready
             to
             transport
             their
             Forces
             into
             Lycaonia
             and
             Cilicia
             ,
             he
             much
             wondred
             why
             the
             Armenian
             ,
             if
             he
             had
             any
             real
             intention
             to
             fight
             with
             the
             Romans
             ,
             did
             not
             assist
             Mithridates
             in
             his
             flourishing
             condition
             ,
             and
             joyn
             Forces
             when
             he
             was
             fit
             for
             service
             ;
             but
             suffering
             him
             to
             be
             vanquisht
             ,
             and
             broken
             in
             pieces
             ,
             should
             now
             ,
             at
             last
             ,
             upon
             slender
             hopes
             ,
             begin
             the
             War
             ,
             and
             throw
             himself
             down
             headlong
             with
             them
             ,
             who
             were
             irrecoverably
             fal'n
             already
             .
             But
             when
             Macares
             
             the
             Son
             of
             Mithridates
             ,
             and
             Governour
             of
             the
             Bosphorus
             ,
             sent
             him
             a
             Crown
             valued
             at
             a
             thousand
             pieces
             of
             Gold
             ,
             and
             desired
             to
             be
             listed
             a
             Friend
             ,
             and
             Confederate
             of
             the
             Romans
             ,
             he
             justly
             reputed
             that
             War
             at
             an
             end
             ,
             and
             left
             Sornatius
             his
             Deputy
             ,
             with
             Six
             thousand
             Souldiers
             to
             take
             care
             of
             the
             Province
             .
             He
             himself
             ,
             with
             Twelve
             thousand
             Foot
             ,
             and
             little
             less
             than
             Three
             thousand
             Horse
             ,
             advanced
             to
             the
             second
             War.
             But
             it
             was
             very
             plain
             ,
             that
             with
             two
             great
             ,
             and
             ill-advised
             speed
             ,
             he
             Marched
             against
             Warlike
             Nations
             ,
             many
             Thousands
             of
             Horse
             ,
             into
             a
             vast
             Champaign
             ,
             every
             way
             enclosed
             with
             deep
             Rivers
             ,
             and
             Snowy
             Mountains
             .
             Which
             made
             the
             Souldiers
             ,
             besides
             the
             disorder
             of
             their
             ranks
             ,
             with
             great
             unwillingness
             ,
             and
             reluctancy
             ,
             follow
             him
             .
             When
             as
             at
             the
             same
             time
             also
             the
             Tribunes
             at
             home
             publickly
             inveighed
             ,
             and
             declared
             against
             him
             ,
             as
             one
             that
             raised
             up
             War
             after
             War
             ,
             not
             so
             much
             for
             the
             Interest
             of
             the
             Republick
             ,
             as
             that
             he
             himself
             ,
             being
             still
             in
             Commission
             ,
             might
             not
             lay
             down
             Arms
             ,
             but
             go
             on
             enriching
             himself
             by
             the
             Publick
             loss
             .
             These
             Men
             ,
             at
             last
             ,
             were
             even
             with
             him
             .
             But
             Lucullus
             ,
             by
             long
             journeys
             ,
             came
             to
             Euphrates
             ,
             where
             finding
             the
             Waters
             out
             ,
             and
             rough
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             late
             Winter
             ,
             was
             much
             troubled
             for
             fear
             of
             a
             delay
             ,
             where
             danger
             might
             come
             on
             him
             ,
             while
             he
             procured
             
             Boats
             ,
             and
             made
             a
             Bridge
             of
             them
             .
             But
             in
             the
             evening
             the
             flood
             giving
             ,
             and
             decreasing
             more
             in
             the
             night
             ,
             the
             next
             day
             they
             saw
             the
             River
             within
             his
             Banks
             :
             Insomuch
             that
             the
             Inhabitants
             discovering
             the
             little
             Islands
             in
             the
             River
             ,
             and
             the
             Water
             stagnating
             round
             them
             ,
             a
             thing
             which
             had
             rarely
             hapned
             before
             ,
             worshipped
             Lucullus
             ,
             before
             whom
             the
             very
             River
             was
             humble
             and
             submissive
             ,
             and
             yielded
             an
             easie
             and
             swift
             passage
             .
             Making
             use
             of
             the
             opportunity
             ,
             he
             carried
             over
             his
             Army
             ,
             and
             met
             with
             a
             lucky
             sign
             at
             landing
             .
             Holy
             Heifers
             are
             preserved
             on
             purpose
             for
             
               Diana
               Persica
            
             ,
             whom
             of
             all
             the
             Gods
             ,
             the
             Barbarians
             beyond
             Euphrates
             chiefly
             adore
             .
             They
             use
             only
             Heifers
             for
             her
             Sacrifices
             .
             Which
             ,
             at
             other
             times
             ,
             wander
             up
             and
             down
             undisturbed
             ,
             with
             the
             Mark
             of
             the
             Goddess
             upon
             them
             ,
             shining
             
             brightness
             ;
             and
             it
             is
             no
             small
             ,
             nor
             easie
             thing
             ,
             when
             occasion
             requires
             to
             seize
             one
             of
             them
             .
             But
             one
             of
             these
             ,
             when
             the
             Army
             had
             passed
             Euphrates
             ,
             coming
             to
             a
             Rock
             Consecrated
             to
             the
             Goddess
             ,
             stood
             upon
             it
             ,
             and
             then
             laying
             down
             her
             Neck
             ,
             like
             others
             that
             are
             forc'd
             down
             with
             a
             Rope
             ,
             offered
             her self
             to
             Lucullus
             for
             Sacrifice
             :
             Besides
             which
             ,
             he
             offered
             also
             a
             Congratulatory
             Bull
             to
             Euphrates
             ,
             for
             his
             safe
             passage
             .
             All
             that
             day
             he
             tarried
             there
             ,
             but
             on
             the
             next
             ,
             and
             those
             that
             followed
             ,
             he
             travelled
             
             through
             Sophene
             ,
             using
             no
             manner
             of
             Violence
             to
             those
             who
             came
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             willingly
             received
             his
             Army
             .
             But
             when
             the
             Soldiers
             were
             desirous
             to
             plunder
             a
             Castle
             ,
             that
             seemed
             to
             be
             well
             stored
             within
             .
             
               That
               is
               the
               Castle
               ,
               said
               he
               ,
               that
               we
               must
               storm
               ,
               shewing
               them
               Taurus
               at
               a
               distance
               ;
               there
               are
               the
               rewards
               of
               Triumph
               :
            
             Wherefore
             hastning
             his
             March
             ,
             and
             passing
             the
             Tigris
             ,
             he
             came
             over
             into
             Armenia
             ;
             The
             first
             Messenger
             that
             gave
             notice
             of
             Lucullus
             his
             coming
             ,
             was
             so
             far
             from
             pleasing
             Tigranes
             ,
             that
             he
             had
             his
             Head
             cut
             off
             for
             his
             pains
             ;
             and
             no
             Man
             daring
             to
             bring
             farther
             Information
             ;
             without
             any
             Intelligence
             at
             all
             ,
             Tigranes
             sate
             fuming
             with
             Hostility
             and
             Wrath
             ,
             giving
             ear
             only
             to
             those
             who
             flattered
             him
             ,
             by
             saying
             ,
             That
             Lucullus
             would
             shew
             himself
             a
             greater
             Commander
             ,
             by
             standing
             before
             Tigranes
             at
             Ephesus
             ,
             than
             by
             his
             running
             away
             out
             of
             Asia
             ,
             frighted
             with
             the
             many
             Thousands
             that
             come
             against
             him
             .
             
               He
               is
               a
               Man
               of
               a
               strong
               Body
               that
               can
               carry
               off
               a
               load
               of
               Wine
               ,
               and
               of
               a
               singular
               Constitution
               that
               can
               digest
               Felicity
               .
            
             Mithrobarzanes
             ,
             one
             of
             his
             chief
             Favorites
             ,
             first
             dar'd
             to
             tell
             him
             the
             truth
             :
             But
             had
             no
             more
             thanks
             for
             his
             pains
             ,
             than
             to
             be
             immediately
             sent
             out
             against
             Lucullus
             with
             Three
             thousand
             Horse
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             number
             of
             Foot
             ,
             with
             peremptory
             Commands
             
             to
             bring
             him
             alive
             ,
             and
             trample
             down
             his
             Army
             .
             Some
             of
             
             Lucullus's
             Men
             were
             then
             pitching
             their
             Camp
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             were
             coming
             up
             to
             them
             ,
             when
             the
             Scouts
             gave
             notice
             that
             the
             Enemy
             was
             approaching
             ,
             whereupon
             he
             was
             in
             fear
             lest
             they
             should
             fall
             upon
             him
             ,
             while
             his
             Men
             were
             at
             a
             distance
             ,
             and
             not
             come
             up
             into
             a
             Body
             :
             Which
             made
             him
             stay
             for
             setling
             the
             Camp
             himself
             ;
             and
             send
             out
             Sextilius
             the
             Legate
             with
             Sixteen
             hundred
             Horse
             ,
             and
             almost
             as
             many
             heavy
             and
             light
             Arms
             ,
             with
             Orders
             to
             advance
             upon
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             keep
             their
             ground
             ,
             until
             Intelligence
             came
             to
             him
             that
             the
             Camp
             was
             finished
             .
             Sextilius
             designed
             to
             have
             kept
             this
             Order
             :
             But
             Mithrobarzanes
             himself
             coming
             furiously
             upon
             him
             ,
             he
             was
             forced
             to
             fight
             .
             In
             the
             Engagement
             Mithrobarzanes
             himself
             fighting
             ,
             was
             slain
             ,
             and
             all
             his
             Men
             ,
             except
             a
             few
             who
             run
             away
             ,
             were
             destroyed
             .
             After
             which
             Tigranes
             left
             Tigranocerta
             ,
             a
             great
             City
             built
             by
             himself
             ,
             and
             retired
             to
             Taurus
             ,
             and
             called
             all
             his
             Forces
             about
             him
             .
          
           
             But
             Lucullus
             giving
             him
             no
             time
             to
             Rendezvous
             ,
             sent
             out
             Murena
             to
             hinder
             ,
             and
             cut
             off
             those
             who
             Marched
             to
             Tigranes
             ,
             and
             Sextilius
             also
             to
             disperse
             a
             great
             Company
             of
             Arabians
             then
             going
             to
             the
             King
             ;
             both
             Sextilius
             fell
             upon
             the
             Arabians
             in
             their
             Camp
             ,
             and
             destroyed
             most
             of
             them
             ;
             and
             also
             Murena
             ,
             in
             his
             pursuit
             after
             Tigranes
             
             through
             a
             Craggy
             and
             Narrow
             way
             ,
             opportunely
             fell
             upon
             him
             :
             Upon
             which
             Tigranes
             throwing
             away
             all
             cumbrances
             ,
             fled
             ;
             many
             of
             the
             Armenians
             were
             killed
             ,
             and
             more
             taken
             .
             After
             this
             Success
             Lucullus
             went
             to
             Tigranocerta
             ,
             and
             sitting
             down
             before
             the
             City
             ,
             besieged
             it
             .
             In
             it
             were
             many
             Greeks
             carried
             away
             out
             of
             Cilicia
             ,
             and
             many
             Barbarians
             in
             like
             circumstances
             with
             the
             
               Greeks
               ,
               Arraberrians
               ,
               Assyrians
               ,
               Gordyenians
               ,
            
             and
             Cappadocians
             ,
             whose
             Countries
             he
             had
             destroyed
             ,
             and
             forced
             away
             the
             Inhabitants
             to
             settle
             here
             .
             It
             was
             a
             rich
             and
             beautiful
             City
             ;
             every
             Nobleman
             ,
             and
             Commoner
             ,
             in
             imitation
             of
             the
             King
             ,
             studied
             to
             enlarge
             and
             adorn
             it
             .
             Which
             made
             Lucullus
             more
             vigorously
             assault
             it
             ,
             being
             perswaded
             that
             Tigranes
             would
             by
             no
             means
             suffer
             him
             ,
             but
             even
             against
             his
             own
             Judgment
             come
             down
             in
             anger
             to
             force
             him
             away
             ;
             Wherein
             he
             rightly
             Judged
             .
             Mithridates
             earnestly
             disswaded
             him
             from
             it
             ,
             sending
             Messengers
             to
             him
             not
             to
             engage
             ,
             but
             rather
             with
             his
             Horse
             to
             hinder
             him
             from
             forraging
             .
             Taxiles
             also
             the
             Messenger
             ,
             then
             in
             his
             Army
             ,
             very
             much
             intreated
             the
             King
             to
             forbear
             and
             avoid
             the
             Roman
             Forces
             ,
             as
             a
             Business
             not
             to
             be
             medled
             with
             at
             that
             time
             .
             To
             this
             he
             hearkened
             at
             first
             ,
             but
             when
             the
             Armenians
             ,
             and
             Gordyenians
             in
             a
             full
             Body
             ,
             and
             the
             joint-Forces
             of
             Medes
             
             and
             Adiabenians
             under
             their
             respective
             Kings
             ,
             came
             up
             to
             him
             :
             When
             many
             Arabians
             came
             up
             the
             River
             from
             Babylon
             ,
             others
             from
             the
             Caspian
             Sea
             ,
             
               Albanians
               ,
               Iberians
            
             ,
             and
             their
             Neighbours
             ,
             and
             not
             a
             few
             of
             the
             ungovernable
             People
             near
             Araxe
             by
             intreaty
             and
             hire
             ,
             came
             together
             up
             to
             him
             ;
             all
             the
             Kings
             Tables
             and
             Councils
             rung
             of
             nothing
             but
             Expectations
             ,
             Boastings
             ,
             and
             Barbarick
             Threatnings
             .
             Taxiles
             went
             in
             danger
             of
             his
             Life
             for
             giving
             Counsel
             against
             fighting
             ,
             and
             it
             was
             imputed
             to
             Envy
             in
             Mithridates
             ,
             to
             divert
             him
             from
             so
             Glorious
             an
             Enterprize
             :
             Whereupon
             Tigranes
             would
             by
             no
             means
             tarry
             for
             him
             ,
             for
             fear
             he
             should
             share
             in
             the
             Glory
             ;
             but
             march'd
             on
             with
             all
             his
             Army
             ,
             lamenting
             to
             his
             Friend
             ,
             (
             as
             is
             said
             )
             that
             he
             should
             fight
             with
             Lucullus
             alone
             ,
             and
             not
             with
             all
             the
             Roman
             Generals
             together
             .
             Neither
             was
             his
             Boldness
             to
             be
             accounted
             frantick
             or
             rash
             ,
             when
             he
             had
             so
             many
             Nations
             and
             Kings
             attending
             him
             ,
             with
             so
             many
             Thousand
             of
             well-armed
             Foot
             and
             Horse
             about
             him
             .
             He
             had
             Twenty
             thousand
             Archers
             ,
             and
             Slingers
             ,
             Fifty
             five
             thousand
             Horse
             (
             whereof
             Fifteen
             thousand
             were
             all
             in
             Armour
             ,
             as
             Lucullus
             wrote
             to
             the
             Senate
             )
             a
             Hundred
             and
             fifty
             thousand
             heavy
             Arms
             drawn
             up
             partly
             into
             Companies
             ,
             partly
             into
             Phalanges
             ;
             besides
             others
             appointed
             to
             open
             the
             
             ways
             ,
             and
             lay
             Bridges
             to
             drein
             the
             Waters
             ,
             and
             prepare
             Fuel
             ,
             with
             other
             necessary
             attendance
             ,
             to
             the
             number
             of
             Thirty
             five
             thousand
             :
             Who
             being
             quartered
             behind
             the
             Army
             ,
             made
             it
             the
             more
             formidable
             to
             behold
             .
             As
             soon
             as
             he
             had
             passed
             Taurus
             ,
             and
             appeared
             with
             his
             Forces
             ,
             and
             saw
             the
             Romans
             beleaguering
             Tigranocerta
             ,
             the
             barbarous
             People
             within
             with
             shoutings
             and
             acclamations
             received
             the
             sight
             ,
             and
             threatning
             the
             Romans
             from
             the
             Wall
             ,
             pointed
             to
             the
             Armenians
             .
             In
             a
             Council
             of
             War
             ,
             some
             advised
             Lucullus
             to
             leave
             the
             Siege
             ,
             and
             march
             up
             to
             Tigranes
             ,
             others
             ,
             that
             it
             would
             not
             be
             safe
             to
             leave
             the
             Siege
             ,
             and
             so
             many
             Enemies
             behind
             .
             He
             himself
             answered
             ,
             that
             neither
             side
             rightly
             ,
             but
             both
             together
             gave
             sound
             advice
             ;
             whereupon
             he
             divided
             his
             Army
             ,
             and
             left
             Murena
             with
             Six
             thousand
             Foot
             ,
             the
             Charge
             of
             the
             siege
             ,
             he
             himself
             went
             out
             with
             Twenty
             four
             Bands
             ,
             in
             which
             were
             no
             less
             than
             Ten
             thousand
             men
             at
             Arms
             ,
             all
             the
             Horse
             ,
             and
             about
             a
             Thousand
             Slingers
             and
             Archers
             ,
             and
             sitting
             down
             by
             a
             River
             in
             a
             large
             Plain
             ,
             appeared
             very
             inconsiderable
             to
             Tigranes
             ,
             and
             a
             fit
             Subject
             for
             the
             flattering
             Wits
             about
             him
             .
             Some
             whereof
             jeared
             ,
             others
             cast
             Lots
             for
             the
             spoil
             ,
             every
             one
             of
             the
             Kings
             and
             Commanders
             came
             ,
             and
             desir'd
             the
             Engagement
             alone
             ,
             and
             that
             he
             would
             be
             pleased
             to
             sit
             still
             and
             behold
             .
             
             Tigranes
             himself
             something
             Witty
             and
             Pleasant
             upon
             the
             occasion
             ,
             made
             use
             of
             the
             old
             saying
             ,
             That
             they
             were
             too
             many
             for
             Ambassadors
             ,
             and
             too
             few
             for
             Soldiers
             .
             Thus
             they
             continu'd
             laughing
             and
             scoffing
             .
             As
             soon
             as
             day
             came
             ,
             Lucullus
             brought
             out
             his
             Forces
             in
             their
             Arms.
             The
             Barbarian
             Army
             stood
             at
             the
             Eastern
             part
             of
             the
             River
             ,
             but
             Lucullus
             at
             the
             West
             ,
             and
             at
             a
             turn
             of
             the
             River
             where
             it
             was
             best
             passable
             ,
             while
             he
             led
             his
             Army
             in
             haste
             ,
             seemed
             to
             Tigranes
             to
             fly
             .
             Who
             thereupon
             called
             Taxiles
             ,
             and
             in
             derision
             said
             ,
             
               Do
               you
               not
               see
               this
               invincible
               Army
               of
               the
               Romans
               flying
               ?
               But
               Taxiles
               reply'd
               ,
               I
               would
               to
               God
               ,
               O
               King
               ,
               some
               such
               Fortune
               may
               attend
               your
               Soul
               !
               But
               surely
               Travellers
               never
               put
               on
               their
               best
               Cloths
               ,
               nor
               use
               bright
               Shields
               and
               naked
               Head-pieces
               ,
               and
               unsheathed
               Weapons
               ,
               as
               now
               you
               see
               ;
               but
               this
               is
               a
               preparation
               for
               War
               ,
               and
               of
               Men
               just
               ready
               to
               engage
               with
               their
               Enemies
               .
            
             While
             Taxiles
             was
             thus
             speaking
             ,
             as
             Lucullus
             wheeled
             about
             ,
             the
             first
             Eagle
             appeared
             ,
             and
             the
             Bands
             ,
             according
             to
             their
             Divisions
             and
             Companies
             ,
             were
             just
             ready
             to
             pass
             over
             ,
             when
             ,
             with
             much
             ado
             ,
             and
             like
             a
             Man
             in
             a
             Debauch
             ,
             Tigranes
             cryed
             out
             twice
             or
             thrice
             ,
             What
             are
             you
             coming
             upon
             us
             ,
             Sirs
             ?
             In
             great
             hast
             therefore
             he
             put
             his
             Army
             in
             Array
             ,
             keeping
             the
             main
             Body
             to
             
             himself
             ,
             the
             Left
             Wing
             was
             given
             in
             Charge
             to
             the
             Adiabenian
             ,
             and
             the
             Right
             to
             the
             Mede
             ,
             in
             the
             Front
             whereof
             were
             most
             of
             the
             Armed
             Men
             placed
             .
             Some
             Officers
             advised
             Lucullus
             to
             lie
             still
             that
             day
             ,
             being
             one
             of
             those
             unfortunate
             ones
             ,
             whom
             they
             call
             Black-days
             ,
             for
             therein
             the
             Army
             under
             Scipio
             ,
             engaging
             with
             the
             Cimbrians
             ,
             was
             destroyed
             :
             But
             he
             ,
             by
             a
             very
             memorable
             Saying
             ,
             replyed
             ,
             
               I
               will
               make
               this
               a
               happy
               day
               to
               the
            
             Romans
             .
             It
             was
             the
             day
             before
             the
             Nones
             of
             October
             .
             Having
             so
             said
             ,
             he
             bad
             them
             Courage
             ,
             passed
             over
             the
             River
             ,
             and
             himself
             first
             of
             all
             led
             them
             against
             the
             Enemy
             .
             A
             Coat
             of
             Mail
             with
             shining
             Scales
             he
             had
             on
             ,
             and
             a
             fringed
             Mantle
             ;
             and
             drew
             out
             his
             naked
             Sword
             ,
             as
             if
             they
             had
             been
             to
             engage
             with
             Men
             that
             used
             to
             fight
             at
             a
             distance
             ,
             and
             by
             a
             sudden
             falling
             in
             ,
             he
             straitned
             the
             open
             places
             ,
             which
             were
             necessary
             for
             the
             Archers
             .
             But
             when
             he
             saw
             the
             armed
             Horse
             ,
             the
             Flower
             of
             the
             Army
             ,
             drawn
             up
             under
             a
             Hill
             ,
             on
             the
             top
             whereof
             was
             a
             broad
             and
             open
             Plain
             ,
             about
             four
             Furlongs
             high
             ,
             and
             of
             no
             difficult
             or
             troublesome
             access
             ,
             he
             commanded
             his
             Thracian
             and
             Gallogrecian
             Horse
             to
             fall
             upon
             their
             Flanck
             ,
             and
             beat
             down
             their
             Lances
             with
             their
             Swords
             .
             (
             The
             only
             Defence
             of
             the
             Men
             in
             Arms
             are
             their
             Lances
             ,
             they
             have
             nothing
             else
             to
             defend
             
             themselves
             ,
             or
             annoy
             their
             Enemy
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             weight
             and
             hardness
             of
             their
             Armour
             ,
             in
             which
             they
             are
             enclosed
             .
             )
             He
             himself
             ,
             with
             two
             Bands
             ,
             made
             to
             the
             Mountain
             ,
             the
             Souldiers
             briskly
             following
             on
             ,
             when
             they
             saw
             him
             in
             Arms
             ,
             afoot
             ,
             first
             toiling
             and
             climbing
             up
             .
             Being
             on
             the
             top
             ,
             and
             standing
             in
             an
             open
             place
             ,
             with
             a
             loud
             Voice
             he
             cried
             out
             ,
             
               We
               have
               overcome
               ,
               we
               have
               overcome
               ,
               O
               my
               Fellow-Soldiers
               !
            
             And
             having
             so
             said
             ,
             he
             marched
             against
             the
             armed
             Horsemen
             ,
             commanding
             his
             Men
             not
             to
             throw
             their
             Piles
             ,
             but
             coming
             up
             hand
             to
             hand
             with
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             to
             hack
             their
             Shins
             and
             Thighs
             ,
             which
             Parts
             alone
             are
             unguarded
             in
             armed
             men
             .
             But
             there
             was
             no
             need
             of
             this
             way
             of
             fighting
             ,
             for
             they
             stood
             not
             to
             receive
             the
             Romans
             ,
             but
             with
             great
             clamour
             ,
             and
             worse
             Fiight
             ,
             they
             and
             their
             heavy
             Horses
             broke
             the
             Ranks
             of
             the
             Foot
             before
             ever
             the
             Fight
             began
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             without
             a
             Wound
             ,
             or
             Blood-shed
             ,
             so
             many
             thousands
             were
             overthrown
             .
             The
             greatest
             Slaughter
             was
             made
             in
             the
             Flight
             ,
             or
             rather
             in
             endeavouring
             to
             fly
             away
             ,
             which
             they
             could
             not
             well
             do
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             depth
             and
             closeness
             of
             the
             Ranks
             ,
             which
             hindred
             them
             .
             Tigranes
             at
             first
             fled
             with
             a
             few
             ,
             but
             seeing
             his
             Son
             in
             the
             same
             misfortune
             ,
             he
             took
             the
             Crown
             from
             his
             Head
             ,
             and
             with
             Tears
             gave
             it
             him
             ,
             bidding
             him
             
             save
             himself
             in
             some
             other
             way
             if
             he
             could
             .
             But
             the
             Prince
             daring
             not
             to
             put
             it
             on
             ,
             gave
             it
             to
             one
             of
             his
             trustiest
             Servants
             to
             keep
             for
             him
             .
             This
             Man
             ,
             as
             it
             hapned
             ,
             being
             taken
             ,
             was
             brought
             to
             Lucullus
             ;
             so
             among
             the
             Captives
             the
             Crown
             also
             of
             Tigranes
             was
             taken
             .
             'T
             is
             reported
             ,
             that
             above
             a
             hundred
             thousand
             Foot
             were
             lost
             ,
             and
             few
             of
             the
             Horse
             escaped
             .
             Of
             the
             Romans
             a
             hundred
             were
             wounded
             ,
             and
             five
             kill'd
             .
             Antiochus
             the
             Philosopher
             making
             mention
             of
             this
             Fight
             ,
             in
             his
             Book
             about
             the
             Gods
             ,
             says
             ,
             That
             the
             Sun
             never
             saw
             the
             like
             .
             Strabo
             ,
             another
             Philosopher
             ,
             in
             his
             Historical
             Collection
             ,
             says
             ,
             That
             the
             Romans
             could
             not
             but
             blush
             and
             deride
             themselves
             ,
             for
             putting
             on
             Armour
             against
             such
             pitiful
             Slaves
             .
             Livy
             also
             says
             ,
             That
             the
             Romans
             never
             fell
             upon
             an
             Enemy
             with
             so
             unequal
             Force
             ;
             for
             by
             more
             than
             a
             twentieth
             part
             the
             Conquerors
             were
             less
             than
             the
             Conquered
             .
          
           
             The
             most
             understanding
             Roman
             Captains
             ,
             and
             expert
             in
             War
             ,
             have
             chiefly
             commended
             Lucullus
             for
             conquering
             two
             great
             and
             potent
             Kings
             ,
             by
             two
             different
             ways
             ,
             Haste
             and
             Delay
             .
             For
             he
             broke
             the
             flourishing
             Power
             of
             Mithridates
             by
             Delay
             and
             Time
             ,
             and
             that
             of
             Tigranes
             by
             Haste
             ;
             being
             one
             of
             those
             rare
             Generals
             who
             made
             use
             of
             Delay
             for
             advantage
             ,
             and
             Speed
             for
             security
             .
             Whereupon
             it
             was
             ,
             
             that
             Mithridates
             made
             no
             haste
             to
             come
             up
             to
             fight
             ,
             imagining
             Lucullus
             would
             ,
             as
             he
             had
             done
             before
             ,
             use
             Caution
             and
             Delay
             ,
             which
             made
             him
             march
             the
             slower
             to
             Tigranes
             :
             And
             as
             he
             met
             some
             stragling
             Armenians
             in
             the
             way
             ,
             running
             in
             great
             fear
             and
             consternation
             ,
             he
             suspected
             the
             worst
             ,
             and
             when
             greater
             numbers
             of
             naked
             and
             wounded
             Men
             assured
             him
             of
             the
             Defeat
             ,
             he
             sought
             for
             Tigranes
             ;
             and
             finding
             him
             naked
             and
             destitute
             ,
             he
             by
             no
             means
             requited
             him
             with
             Insolence
             ,
             but
             lighting
             off
             his
             Horse
             ,
             and
             condoling
             the
             Publick
             Loss
             ,
             gave
             him
             a
             Princely
             Guard
             to
             attend
             him
             ,
             and
             animated
             him
             for
             the
             future
             ;
             and
             they
             together
             gathered
             fresh
             Forces
             about
             them
             .
             In
             the
             City
             Tigranocerta
             the
             Greeks
             divided
             from
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             and
             delivered
             it
             up
             to
             Lucullus
             ,
             which
             he
             came
             and
             took
             .
             He
             seized
             on
             the
             Treasury
             himself
             ,
             but
             gave
             the
             City
             to
             be
             plunder'd
             by
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             wherein
             were
             found
             eight
             thousand
             Tallents
             of
             coined
             Money
             :
             Besides
             which
             also
             he
             distributed
             eight
             hundred
             Groats
             per
             Man
             ,
             out
             of
             the
             Spoils
             .
             When
             he
             understood
             that
             many
             Players
             were
             taken
             in
             the
             City
             ,
             which
             Tigranes
             invited
             from
             all
             Parts
             ,
             for
             opening
             the
             Theatre
             which
             he
             had
             built
             he
             made
             use
             of
             them
             for
             celebrating
             his
             Triumphal
             Games
             and
             Spectacles
             .
             The
             Greeks
             he
             sent
             home
             ,
             allowing
             them
             Money
             
             for
             their
             Journey
             ;
             the
             Barbarians
             also
             ,
             as
             many
             as
             had
             been
             forced
             away
             from
             their
             own
             dwelling
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             this
             one
             City
             being
             dissolved
             ,
             many
             were
             repaired
             by
             the
             restitution
             of
             their
             former
             Inhabitants
             .
             By
             all
             which
             Lucullus
             was
             belov'd
             ,
             as
             a
             Benefactor
             and
             Founder
             .
             Other
             things
             also
             prospered
             under
             him
             ,
             as
             deserved
             ,
             being
             more
             desirous
             of
             praise
             for
             Justice
             and
             Clemency
             ,
             than
             for
             Feats
             in
             War
             ;
             for
             these
             are
             due
             partly
             to
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             most
             of
             all
             to
             Fortune
             ;
             but
             those
             are
             a
             demonstration
             of
             a
             gentle
             and
             liberal
             Soul
             ,
             whereby
             Lucullus
             at
             that
             time
             ,
             even
             without
             the
             help
             of
             Arms
             ,
             conquered
             the
             Barbarians
             .
             For
             the
             Kings
             of
             Arabia
             came
             to
             him
             tendring
             what
             they
             had
             ;
             and
             with
             them
             the
             Sophenians
             also
             submitted
             .
             But
             he
             dealt
             so
             with
             the
             Gordyenians
             ,
             that
             they
             were
             willing
             to
             leave
             their
             own
             Habitations
             ,
             and
             were
             ready
             to
             follow
             him
             with
             their
             Wives
             and
             Children
             ;
             which
             was
             for
             this
             Cause
             :
             Zarbienus
             King
             of
             the
             Gordyenians
             (
             as
             is
             said
             )
             being
             grieved
             under
             the
             Tyranny
             of
             Tigranes
             ,
             by
             Appius
             had
             secretly
             made
             Overtures
             of
             Confederating
             with
             Lucullus
             ;
             but
             being
             discover'd
             ,
             was
             executed
             and
             his
             Wife
             and
             Children
             perished
             with
             him
             ,
             before
             ever
             the
             Romans
             had
             invaded
             
               Armenia
               .
               Lucullus
            
             forgot
             not
             this
             ,
             but
             coming
             to
             the
             Gordyenians
             ,
             made
             
             a
             solemn
             Enterment
             for
             Zarbienus
             ,
             and
             adorning
             the
             Funeral
             Pile
             with
             a
             Royal
             Canopy
             ,
             and
             Gold
             and
             Spoils
             of
             Tigranes
             ,
             he
             himself
             being
             present
             ,
             kindled
             the
             Fire
             ,
             and
             poured
             in
             perfumes
             ,
             with
             the
             Friends
             and
             Domesticks
             of
             the
             Deceased
             ,
             calling
             him
             his
             Companion
             ,
             and
             Friend
             of
             the
             Romans
             ,
             and
             ordered
             a
             stately
             Monument
             for
             him
             .
             There
             was
             a
             large
             Treasury
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             found
             in
             Zarbienus
             his
             Palace
             ,
             and
             
             no
             less
             than
             three
             hundred
             Myriads
             of
             Measures
             of
             Corn
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             the
             Soldiers
             were
             provided
             for
             ,
             and
             Lucullus
             was
             highly
             commended
             for
             maintaining
             the
             War
             at
             his
             own
             Charge
             without
             receiving
             one
             Groat
             from
             the
             Publick
             Treasury
             .
          
           
             After
             this
             came
             an
             Embassage
             from
             the
             King
             of
             Parthia
             to
             him
             desiring
             Amity
             and
             Confederacy
             ;
             which
             being
             readily
             embraced
             by
             Lucullus
             ,
             he
             dispatch'd
             another
             to
             the
             Parthian
             ,
             which
             discovered
             him
             to
             be
             a
             double
             minded
             Man
             ,
             and
             dealing
             privately
             with
             Tigranes
             to
             take
             part
             with
             him
             ,
             upon
             Condition
             Mesopotamia
             were
             delivered
             up
             to
             him
             .
             Which
             as
             soon
             as
             Lucullus
             understood
             ,
             he
             resolved
             to
             pass
             by
             Tigranes
             and
             Mithridates
             ,
             as
             Enemies
             well
             nigh
             subdued
             ,
             and
             try
             the
             Power
             of
             Parthia
             ,
             by
             leading
             his
             Army
             against
             them
             .
             He
             esteemed
             it
             a
             renowned
             act
             ,
             like
             a
             Wrestler
             ,
             to
             throw
             down
             three
             Kings
             one
             after
             another
             ,
             and
             like
             an
             
             invincible
             Conquerour
             ,
             successively
             to
             deal
             with
             three
             of
             the
             greatest
             Commanders
             under
             the
             Cope
             of
             Heaven
             .
             He
             sent
             therefore
             into
             Pontus
             ,
             to
             the
             Officers
             with
             Sornatius
             writing
             to
             them
             to
             bring
             the
             Army
             thence
             ,
             and
             joyn
             with
             him
             in
             this
             Expedition
             out
             of
             Gordyene
             .
             They
             found
             the
             Soldiers
             resty
             and
             stubborn
             before
             ,
             but
             now
             plainly
             discovered
             their
             unruliness
             ,
             by
             no
             manner
             of
             Intreaty
             or
             Force
             to
             be
             reclaim'd
             ;
             for
             they
             protested
             and
             cried
             out
             ,
             That
             they
             would
             stay
             no
             longer
             there
             ,
             but
             go
             away
             and
             desert
             Pontus
             .
             Which
             being
             reported
             to
             Lucullus
             ,
             did
             no
             small
             harm
             to
             the
             Soldiers
             about
             him
             ,
             who
             were
             corrupted
             with
             Wealth
             and
             Plenty
             ,
             and
             desirous
             of
             Ease
             ;
             and
             hearing
             the
             boldness
             of
             the
             others
             ,
             called
             them
             Men
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             they
             ought
             to
             imitate
             ;
             for
             the
             Actions
             which
             they
             had
             done
             ,
             did
             now
             well
             deserve
             rest
             and
             quiet
             .
             Upon
             these
             and
             worse
             Words
             ,
             Lucullus
             left
             off
             the
             thoughts
             of
             invading
             Parthia
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             Summer
             went
             against
             Tigranes
             ;
             where
             passing
             over
             Taurus
             ,
             he
             was
             astonish'd
             at
             the
             green
             Fields
             before
             him
             ,
             so
             much
             the
             Season
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             cold
             Air
             is
             deferred
             .
             But
             however
             he
             went
             down
             ,
             and
             putting
             to
             flight
             the
             Armenians
             ,
             who
             dared
             to
             come
             out
             against
             him
             ,
             he
             plundered
             and
             burnt
             their
             Villages
             ,
             and
             seizing
             on
             the
             Provision
             designed
             for
             Tigranes
             ,
             
             who
             was
             afraid
             of
             the
             same
             ,
             reduced
             his
             Enemies
             to
             great
             necessity
             .
             But
             when
             he
             provok'd
             the
             Enemy
             to
             fight
             ,
             by
             marching
             round
             their
             Camp
             ,
             and
             burning
             the
             Country
             before
             them
             ,
             he
             could
             by
             no
             means
             bring
             them
             out
             after
             their
             frequent
             Defeats
             before
             ,
             he
             rose
             up
             and
             marched
             to
             Artaxata
             ,
             the
             Royal
             City
             of
             Tigranes
             ,
             where
             his
             Wives
             and
             Children
             were
             kept
             :
             judging
             that
             Tigranes
             would
             never
             suffer
             that
             to
             go
             without
             the
             hazard
             of
             a
             Battel
             .
             It
             is
             reported
             ,
             that
             Annibal
             the
             famous
             Carthaginian
             ,
             after
             the
             Defeat
             of
             Antiochus
             under
             the
             Romans
             ,
             coming
             to
             Artaxas
             King
             of
             Armenia
             ,
             instructed
             him
             in
             several
             necessary
             and
             useful
             things
             ;
             who
             being
             taken
             with
             the
             pleasant
             and
             delightful
             Situation
             of
             that
             Place
             ,
             then
             uncultivated
             and
             neglected
             ,
             drew
             a
             Model
             of
             a
             City
             for
             the
             same
             ;
             and
             bringing
             Artaxas
             thither
             ,
             shewed
             him
             the
             same
             ,
             and
             encouraged
             him
             to
             build
             :
             At
             which
             the
             King
             being
             pleased
             ,
             and
             desiring
             him
             to
             oversee
             the
             Work
             ,
             erected
             a
             large
             and
             stately
             City
             ,
             called
             after
             his
             own
             Name
             ,
             and
             made
             it
             Metropolis
             of
             Armenia
             .
          
           
             Tigranes
             would
             by
             no
             means
             suffer
             Lucullus
             to
             come
             upon
             this
             City
             ,
             but
             came
             with
             his
             Army
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             fourth
             day
             sate
             down
             by
             the
             Romans
             ,
             the
             River
             Arsania
             lying
             between
             them
             ,
             which
             of
             necessity
             
             Lucullus
             must
             pass
             in
             his
             March
             to
             
               Artaxata
               .
               Lucullus
            
             ,
             after
             Sacrifice
             to
             the
             Gods
             ,
             as
             if
             Victory
             were
             already
             obtained
             ,
             carried
             over
             his
             Army
             ,
             having
             Twelve
             Bands
             in
             Front
             ,
             the
             rest
             being
             disposed
             to
             prevent
             the
             Enemies
             enclosing
             them
             :
             For
             there
             were
             many
             choice
             Horse
             drawn
             up
             against
             him
             :
             In
             the
             Front
             stood
             the
             Mardians
             Horse-Archers
             ,
             and
             Iberians
             with
             long
             Spears
             ,
             who
             being
             the
             most
             Warlike
             ,
             Tigranes
             more
             confided
             in
             than
             any
             other
             Strangers
             ;
             but
             nothing
             of
             moment
             was
             done
             by
             them
             ;
             for
             though
             they
             skirmished
             with
             the
             Roman
             Horse
             at
             a
             distance
             ,
             they
             were
             not
             able
             to
             stand
             when
             the
             Foot
             came
             up
             to
             them
             ;
             but
             being
             broken
             and
             divided
             on
             both
             sides
             ,
             drew
             the
             Horse
             in
             pursuit
             after
             them
             .
             Though
             these
             were
             routed
             ,
             yet
             Lucullus
             was
             afraid
             when
             he
             saw
             the
             Horse
             about
             Tigranes
             in
             good
             Order
             ,
             and
             great
             Numbers
             coming
             upon
             him
             :
             Whereupon
             he
             recalled
             his
             Horse
             from
             pursuing
             ,
             he
             himself
             first
             of
             all
             withstood
             the
             Nobles
             ,
             and
             engaged
             with
             the
             best
             of
             them
             ,
             as
             they
             came
             upon
             him
             ,
             and
             before
             ever
             they
             came
             to
             close
             Fight
             ,
             with
             the
             very
             Terror
             overthrew
             them
             .
             Of
             three
             Kings
             in
             Battel
             against
             him
             ,
             Mithridates
             of
             Pontus
             fled
             away
             the
             most
             shamefully
             ,
             being
             not
             so
             much
             as
             able
             to
             endure
             the
             Noise
             of
             the
             Romans
             .
             The
             Pursuit
             reach'd
             a
             long
             way
             ,
             wherein
             the
             
             Romans
             not
             only
             slew
             them
             all
             night
             ,
             but
             took
             many
             alive
             ,
             seized
             and
             carried
             away
             great
             Riches
             ,
             with
             other
             Booty
             ,
             till
             they
             were
             weary
             and
             left
             off
             .
             Livy
             says
             ,
             There
             were
             more
             taken
             and
             destroyed
             in
             the
             first
             Battel
             ;
             but
             in
             the
             second
             ,
             those
             of
             better
             note
             .
             Lucullus
             being
             flush'd
             and
             animated
             hereby
             ,
             determined
             to
             march
             into
             the
             Vplands
             ,
             and
             there
             compleat
             his
             Conquests
             over
             the
             Barbarians
             ;
             but
             the
             Winter-season
             coming
             on
             ,
             contrary
             to
             his
             expectation
             ,
             brought
             severe
             Weather
             ,
             and
             frequent
             Snows
             ,
             and
             even
             in
             the
             most
             clear
             Days
             ,
             hard
             Frost
             and
             Ice
             ;
             which
             made
             the
             Waters
             scarce
             drinkable
             for
             the
             Horses
             ,
             by
             exceeding
             Cold
             ;
             and
             scarce
             passable
             ,
             for
             the
             breaking
             of
             the
             Ice
             ,
             and
             cutting
             the
             Horses
             Sinews
             .
             The
             Country
             ,
             for
             the
             most
             part
             ,
             being
             Forest
             ,
             Inclosed
             and
             Woody
             ,
             made
             them
             continually
             wet
             ,
             being
             covered
             with
             Snow
             as
             they
             Marched
             in
             the
             day
             ,
             and
             sitting
             down
             in
             Moorish
             places
             at
             Night
             .
             After
             the
             Battel
             they
             followed
             not
             Lucullus
             many
             days
             ,
             before
             they
             began
             to
             be
             unruly
             ;
             first
             of
             all
             intreating
             ,
             and
             sending
             the
             Tribunes
             to
             him
             ;
             but
             afterwards
             tumultuously
             gathered
             together
             ,
             and
             made
             a
             noise
             all
             night
             long
             ,
             which
             was
             a
             plain
             sign
             of
             a
             mutinous
             Army
             .
             But
             Lucullus
             as
             earnestly
             entreated
             them
             ,
             desiring
             them
             to
             have
             patience
             but
             till
             they
             took
             the
             Armenian
             
             Carthage
             ,
             and
             overturn'd
             the
             Work
             of
             that
             cursed
             Man
             Annibal
             .
             But
             when
             he
             could
             not
             prevail
             ,
             he
             led
             them
             back
             ,
             and
             by
             another
             Road
             over
             Taurus
             ,
             came
             into
             the
             fruitful
             and
             pleasant
             Country
             of
             Mygdonia
             ,
             where
             was
             a
             great
             and
             populous
             City
             ,
             by
             the
             Barbarians
             called
             Nisibis
             ;
             by
             the
             
               Greeks
               ,
               Antioch
            
             of
             
               Mygdonia
               .
               Gaurus
            
             ,
             Brother
             of
             Tigranes
             ,
             was
             the
             Governour
             ,
             Callimachus
             Overseer
             of
             the
             Works
             and
             Fortifications
             ,
             the
             same
             who
             so
             much
             annoyed
             the
             Romans
             at
             Amisus
             .
             He
             brought
             his
             Army
             to
             it
             ,
             and
             laying
             close
             Siege
             ,
             in
             a
             short
             time
             took
             it
             by
             Storm
             :
             He
             kindly
             used
             Gaurus
             ,
             as
             he
             surrendred
             himself
             ;
             but
             by
             no
             means
             hearkened
             to
             Callimachus
             ,
             though
             he
             offered
             to
             make
             discovery
             of
             hidden
             Treasures
             ;
             commanding
             him
             to
             be
             kept
             in
             Chains
             ,
             to
             be
             punished
             for
             firing
             the
             City
             of
             Amisus
             ,
             which
             hindred
             him
             from
             shewing
             Favour
             and
             Kindness
             unto
             the
             Greeks
             ,
             as
             he
             intended
             .
          
           
             Hitherto
             one
             would
             imagine
             Fortune
             attended
             and
             fought
             for
             Lucullus
             ;
             but
             afterward
             ,
             as
             if
             the
             Wind
             had
             fail'd
             of
             a
             sudden
             ,
             he
             did
             all
             things
             by
             force
             ,
             and
             as
             it
             were
             against
             the
             Grain
             ;
             wherein
             he
             shewed
             the
             Conduct
             and
             Patience
             of
             a
             wise
             Captain
             ;
             but
             his
             Actions
             met
             with
             no
             Honour
             or
             Reputation
             :
             For
             by
             bad
             Success
             and
             Divisions
             in
             his
             Army
             ,
             he
             came
             
             within
             a
             Hairs-breadth
             of
             losing
             what
             what
             he
             had
             before
             .
             Himself
             was
             not
             the
             least
             cause
             of
             all
             this
             ,
             being
             no
             ways
             indulgent
             to
             his
             Soldiers
             ,
             but
             one
             who
             thought
             all
             Favour
             shewn
             to
             them
             ,
             to
             be
             a
             beginning
             of
             Disobedience
             ,
             and
             Dissolution
             of
             Authority
             .
             But
             what
             was
             worst
             of
             all
             ,
             he
             was
             naturally
             unsociable
             to
             his
             Great
             Officers
             in
             Commission
             with
             him
             ,
             despising
             others
             ,
             and
             thinking
             them
             worthy
             of
             nothing
             in
             comparison
             with
             himself
             .
             These
             were
             the
             Evils
             attending
             Lucullus
             his
             other
             Vertues
             ;
             for
             he
             is
             said
             to
             have
             been
             a
             lusty
             ,
             goodly
             ,
             and
             eloquent
             Man
             ,
             Wise
             both
             in
             Court
             and
             Camp.
             Salust
             says
             ,
             The
             Soldiers
             were
             ill-affected
             to
             him
             from
             the
             beginning
             of
             the
             War
             ,
             for
             being
             forced
             to
             keep
             the
             Field
             two
             Winters
             at
             Cyzicum
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             at
             Amisus
             .
             There
             were
             other
             Winter-quarters
             that
             vexed
             ,
             besides
             these
             ;
             for
             they
             either
             were
             in
             an
             Enemies
             Country
             ,
             or
             else
             confined
             to
             their
             Tents
             in
             the
             open
             Fields
             ,
             among
             their
             Confederates
             ;
             for
             Lucullus
             not
             so
             much
             as
             once
             went
             into
             a
             Greek
             Confederate
             Town
             with
             his
             Army
             .
             To
             this
             ill
             affection
             abroad
             ,
             the
             Tribunes
             contributed
             at
             home
             ,
             invidiously
             accusing
             Lucullus
             ,
             as
             one
             who
             for
             Empire
             and
             Riches
             delayed
             the
             War
             ,
             and
             under
             his
             sole
             Power
             had
             then
             got
             
               Cilicia
               ,
               Asia
               ,
               Bythinia
               ,
               Paphlagonia
               ,
               Pontus
               ,
               Armenia
               ,
            
             as
             far
             as
             the
             River
             
             Phasis
             .
             And
             of
             late
             had
             laid
             waste
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Tigranes
             ,
             as
             if
             he
             had
             been
             Commissioned
             not
             so
             much
             to
             subdue
             ,
             as
             destroy
             Kings
             .
             For
             this
             is
             reported
             to
             have
             been
             spoken
             by
             
               L.
               Quintus
            
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             Praetors
             ,
             at
             whose
             instance
             the
             People
             determined
             to
             send
             one
             who
             should
             succeed
             Lucullus
             in
             his
             Province
             ,
             and
             disband
             most
             of
             his
             Army
             .
             Besides
             these
             Misdemeanours
             ,
             that
             which
             most
             of
             all
             prejudiced
             Lucullus
             ,
             was
             
               P.
               Clodius
            
             ,
             an
             insolent
             Man
             ,
             very
             vicious
             and
             bold
             ,
             Brother
             to
             Lucullus
             his
             Wife
             ,
             and
             by
             reason
             of
             her
             Incontinency
             shrewdly
             suspected
             of
             Adultery
             with
             her
             .
             Being
             then
             in
             the
             Army
             under
             Lucullus
             ,
             but
             not
             
             in
             so
             great
             Authority
             as
             he
             expected
             ;
             for
             he
             would
             fain
             have
             been
             of
             the
             Chief
             Officers
             ,
             though
             of
             an
             inferior
             Rank
             to
             several
             of
             them
             .
             He
             got
             in
             with
             the
             Fimbrian
             Army
             ,
             and
             stirred
             them
             up
             against
             Lucullus
             ,
             using
             fair
             Speeches
             to
             them
             ,
             who
             ,
             of
             old
             ,
             had
             been
             used
             to
             be
             flattered
             in
             such
             a
             manner
             .
             These
             were
             those
             whom
             Fimbrius
             before
             had
             perswaded
             to
             destroy
             the
             Consul
             Flaccus
             ,
             and
             chose
             him
             their
             Leader
             ;
             which
             made
             them
             willingly
             deal
             with
             Clodius
             ,
             and
             call
             him
             the
             
               Soldiers
               Delight
            
             ,
             for
             his
             Care
             and
             Concern
             for
             them
             .
             
               If
               there
            
             
             
               must
               be
               no
               end
               of
               Wars
               and
               Toils
               ,
               but
               by
               fighting
               with
               all
               Nations
               ,
               and
               wandring
               throughout
               all
               the
               World
               they
               must
               spend
            
             
             
               their
               lives
               ;
               receiving
               no
               other
               Reward
               for
               their
               Service
               ,
               than
               to
               guard
               the
               Carriages
               and
               Camels
               of
            
             Lucullus
             ,
             
               laden
               with
               Gold
               and
               precious
               Goblets
               .
               As
               for
            
             Pompey's
             
               Souldiers
               ,
               they
               were
               Citizens
               again
               ,
               safe
               at
               home
               with
               their
               Wives
               and
               Children
               ,
               not
               hunting
               after
            
             Mithridates
             ,
             or
             Tigranes
             ,
             
               in
               wild
               Deserts
               ,
               nor
               overturning
               the
               Kingdoms
               of
            
             Asia
             ,
             
               but
               reducing
               Exuls
               in
            
             Spain
             ,
             
               or
               Fugitives
               at
               home
               .
               What
               ,
               must
               we
               never
               have
               an
               end
               of
               Fighting
               ?
               Should
               we
               not
               rather
               reserve
               the
               Remainder
               of
               our
               Bodies
               and
               Souls
               for
               such
               a
               General
               ,
               who
               will
               reckon
               his
               chiefest
               Glory
               to
               be
               the
               Wealth
               of
               his
               Army
               ?
            
          
           
             By
             such
             Practices
             the
             Army
             of
             Lucullus
             being
             corrupted
             ,
             neither
             followed
             him
             against
             Tigranes
             ,
             nor
             against
             Mithridates
             ,
             when
             he
             returned
             into
             Pontus
             out
             of
             Armenia
             ,
             and
             resumed
             his
             Kingdom
             ;
             but
             under
             pretence
             of
             Winter
             coming
             on
             ,
             sate
             idle
             in
             Gordyene
             ,
             every
             minute
             expecting
             some
             other
             General
             to
             succeed
             Lucullus
             .
             But
             when
             News
             came
             that
             Mithridates
             had
             defeated
             Fabius
             ,
             and
             was
             Marching
             against
             Sernatius
             and
             Triarius
             ,
             out
             of
             shame
             they
             followed
             
               Lucullus
               .
               Triarius
            
             ambitiously
             aiming
             at
             Victory
             ,
             before
             ever
             Lucullus
             came
             to
             him
             ,
             though
             he
             was
             then
             very
             near
             ,
             was
             overthrown
             after
             a
             bloody
             Fight
             ,
             wherein
             it
             is
             reported
             ,
             that
             above
             Seven
             thousand
             Romans
             fell
             ,
             among
             whom
             were
             
             a
             Hundred
             and
             fifty
             Centurions
             ,
             and
             Four
             and
             twenty
             Tribunes
             ,
             and
             even
             the
             Camp
             it self
             taken
             .
             Lucullus
             coming
             up
             a
             few
             days
             after
             ,
             concealed
             Triarius
             from
             the
             angry
             Soldiers
             :
             But
             when
             Mithridates
             declined
             Battel
             ,
             and
             waited
             for
             the
             coming
             of
             Tigranes
             ,
             who
             was
             then
             on
             his
             March
             with
             great
             Forces
             ,
             he
             resolved
             before
             both
             joyned
             ,
             once
             more
             to
             meet
             and
             engage
             with
             Tigranes
             .
             But
             in
             the
             way
             the
             mutinous
             Fimbrians
             deserted
             their
             Colours
             ,
             as
             Men
             disbanded
             by
             Decree
             of
             Senate
             ,
             and
             would
             no
             longer
             obey
             Lucullus
             ,
             the
             Provinces
             being
             then
             allotted
             to
             others
             .
             There
             was
             nothing
             beneath
             the
             Dignity
             of
             Lucullus
             ,
             which
             he
             was
             not
             forc'd
             to
             bear
             ,
             entreating
             them
             ,
             one
             by
             one
             ,
             from
             Tent
             to
             Tent
             ,
             going
             up
             and
             down
             dejected
             and
             sorrowful
             ,
             and
             submitting
             to
             shake
             some
             by
             the
             Hands
             .
             But
             they
             turned
             away
             from
             his
             Salutes
             ,
             and
             threw
             down
             their
             empty
             Knapsacks
             ,
             bidding
             him
             alone
             engage
             with
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             who
             alone
             made
             advantage
             thereby
             .
             At
             length
             ,
             by
             the
             intreaty
             of
             the
             other
             Soldiers
             ,
             the
             Fimbrians
             being
             prevailed
             upon
             ,
             consented
             to
             tarry
             that
             Summer
             under
             him
             ;
             but
             even
             during
             that
             time
             ,
             if
             no
             Enemy
             came
             to
             fight
             them
             ,
             to
             be
             free
             .
             Lucullus
             of
             necessity
             was
             forc'd
             to
             comply
             with
             this
             ,
             or
             else
             to
             leave
             the
             deserted
             Province
             to
             the
             Barbarians
             .
             He
             kept
             them
             
             indeed
             with
             him
             ,
             but
             without
             any
             Power
             over
             them
             :
             Nor
             did
             he
             lead
             them
             out
             to
             Battel
             ,
             being
             contented
             that
             they
             would
             stay
             with
             him
             ,
             though
             he
             then
             saw
             Cappadocia
             wasted
             by
             Tigranes
             ,
             and
             Mithridates
             again
             doing
             mischief
             ,
             whom
             not
             long
             before
             he
             reported
             to
             the
             Senate
             to
             be
             wholly
             subdued
             :
             whereupon
             Legats
             were
             arrived
             to
             settle
             the
             Affairs
             of
             Pontus
             ,
             as
             if
             all
             had
             been
             quiet
             there
             .
             But
             when
             they
             came
             they
             found
             him
             not
             so
             much
             as
             Master
             of
             himself
             but
             contemned
             and
             derided
             by
             the
             Common
             Soldiers
             ;
             who
             arrived
             at
             that
             height
             of
             Insolence
             against
             their
             General
             ,
             that
             at
             the
             end
             of
             Summer
             they
             put
             on
             their
             Armour
             ,
             and
             drew
             their
             Swords
             ,
             and
             defied
             their
             Enemies
             then
             absent
             ,
             and
             gone
             off
             a
             long
             while
             before
             ,
             with
             great
             Outcries
             and
             Aiery
             Skirmishes
             ,
             going
             round
             the
             Camp
             ,
             and
             proclaiming
             that
             the
             time
             was
             expired
             which
             they
             promised
             to
             stay
             with
             
               Lucullus
               .
               Pompey
            
             had
             drawn
             many
             to
             his
             side
             by
             Letters
             ;
             by
             the
             Favour
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             and
             his
             Interest
             with
             the
             Tribunes
             ,
             being
             then
             chosen
             General
             of
             the
             Army
             against
             Mithridates
             and
             Tigranes
             .
             But
             it
             then
             appeared
             to
             the
             Senate
             ,
             and
             all
             unbiassed
             Men
             ,
             that
             Lucullus
             was
             injured
             ,
             having
             those
             put
             over
             his
             Head
             ,
             who
             succeeded
             rather
             to
             his
             Triumph
             ,
             than
             the
             War
             ;
             being
             not
             only
             deprived
             of
             Command
             ,
             but
             the
             Glory
             which
             
             he
             justly
             deserved
             ,
             and
             forc'd
             to
             yield
             it
             to
             another
             .
          
           
             It
             was
             
               just
               matter
               of
               Pity
            
             to
             those
             who
             
             were
             present
             ;
             for
             Lucullus
             remained
             no
             longer
             Master
             of
             Rewards
             or
             Punishments
             ,
             for
             Actions
             of
             War
             ;
             nether
             would
             Pompey
             suffer
             any
             man
             to
             go
             to
             him
             ,
             or
             give
             heed
             to
             what
             he
             did
             himself
             ,
             or
             with
             advice
             of
             his
             ten
             Legats
             :
             but
             expresly
             gave
             Command
             to
             the
             contrary
             ,
             and
             could
             not
             but
             be
             obey'd
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             his
             greater
             Power
             .
             But
             Friends
             on
             both
             sides
             thought
             it
             necessary
             to
             bring
             them
             together
             ,
             who
             met
             in
             a
             certain
             Village
             of
             Galatia
             ,
             and
             friendly
             saluted
             each
             other
             .
             Lucullus
             was
             the
             Elder
             ,
             but
             Pompey
             the
             more
             Honourable
             ,
             for
             his
             oftner
             Command
             ,
             and
             two
             Triumphs
             .
             Both
             had
             Rods
             of
             Laurel
             carried
             before
             them
             for
             their
             Victories
             ;
             and
             when
             
             Pompey's
             Laurels
             were
             withered
             ,
             by
             passing
             through
             hot
             and
             droughty
             places
             ,
             Lucullus
             his
             Viergers
             friendly
             gave
             them
             some
             of
             the
             fresh
             and
             green
             ones
             which
             they
             had
             ;
             which
             
             Pompey's
             Friends
             counted
             a
             good
             Omen
             ,
             for
             the
             others
             Actions
             were
             they
             which
             truly
             adorned
             his
             Empire
             .
             At
             the
             interview
             they
             came
             to
             no
             amicable
             Agreement
             ,
             but
             went
             off
             more
             disatisfied
             .
             Pompey
             repealed
             all
             the
             Acts
             of
             Lucullus
             ,
             drew
             off
             his
             Soldiers
             ,
             and
             left
             him
             no
             more
             then
             sixteen
             hundred
             for
             Triumph
             ,
             and
             even
             those
             
             unwilling
             to
             go
             with
             him
             .
             So
             unqualified
             was
             Lucullus
             ,
             either
             by
             Nature
             or
             Mis-fortune
             ,
             for
             the
             chiefest
             thing
             in
             a
             General
             ,
             which
             had
             he
             added
             to
             his
             other
             singular
             Virtues
             (
             his
             Fortiude
             ,
             Vigilance
             ,
             Wisdom
             ,
             Justice
             )
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             had
             not
             had
             Euphrates
             for
             its
             Boundary
             in
             Asia
             ,
             but
             the
             uttermost
             parts
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             and
             the
             Hyrcanian
             Sea.
             Other
             Nations
             being
             then
             disabled
             by
             the
             late
             Conquests
             of
             Tigranes
             ,
             the
             Power
             of
             Parthia
             could
             not
             be
             so
             considerable
             against
             Lucullus
             ,
             as
             it
             afterwards
             appeared
             against
             Crassus
             ,
             being
             then
             also
             divided
             at
             home
             by
             Domestick
             and
             intestine
             War
             ,
             and
             utterly
             unable
             to
             keep
             off
             the
             Encroachments
             of
             Armenia
             ,
             But
             Lucullus
             seems
             more
             to
             have
             injured
             his
             Country
             by
             others
             ,
             than
             he
             profited
             it
             by
             himself
             .
             For
             the
             Trophies
             in
             Armenia
             stand
             near
             the
             Parthians
             ,
             and
             Tigranocerta
             ,
             and
             Nisibis
             ,
             and
             the
             great
             Wealth
             brought
             from
             thence
             to
             Rome
             ,
             with
             the
             Captive
             Crown
             of
             Tigranes
             carried
             in
             Triumph
             ,
             did
             all
             puff
             up
             Crassus
             ,
             as
             if
             the
             Barbarians
             had
             been
             nothing
             else
             but
             Spoils
             and
             Booty
             :
             Who
             falling
             among
             the
             Parthian
             Archers
             soon
             demonstrated
             that
             Lucullus
             his
             Triumphs
             were
             not
             beholden
             to
             the
             Inadvertency
             and
             Effeminacy
             of
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             but
             to
             his
             own
             Courage
             and
             Conduct
             .
             But
             of
             this
             afterwards
             .
             Lucullus
             ,
             upon
             his
             return
             to
             Rome
             ,
             found
             
             his
             Brother
             Mark
             accused
             by
             
               C.
               Memmius
            
             ,
             for
             what
             he
             did
             when
             Treasurer
             ,
             by
             the
             Command
             of
             Sylla
             ;
             who
             being
             fled
             ,
             Memmius
             changed
             the
             Scene
             ,
             and
             animated
             the
             People
             against
             him
             ,
             and
             perswaded
             them
             to
             deny
             him
             a
             Triumph
             ,
             for
             suppressing
             the
             Spoils
             ,
             and
             prolonging
             the
             War.
             Lucullus
             his
             Case
             being
             much
             disputed
             ,
             the
             Nobility
             and
             Chief
             Men
             mixed
             themselves
             among
             the
             Tribes
             ,
             and
             with
             much
             Entreaty
             and
             Labour
             scarce
             at
             length
             prevailed
             upon
             them
             to
             consent
             to
             his
             Triumph
             .
             The
             Pomp
             of
             his
             Triumph
             was
             not
             amazing
             and
             tedious
             ▪
             as
             others
             had
             been
             ,
             with
             along
             Train
             ,
             and
             number
             of
             things
             carried
             therein
             ;
             but
             consisted
             chiefly
             in
             vast
             quantities
             of
             Armour
             ,
             and
             Machins
             of
             the
             King
             's
             ,
             placed
             in
             the
             
               Flaminian
               Cirque
            
             .
             A
             Spectacle
             nothing
             despicable
             .
             In
             his
             Progress
             passed
             by
             a
             few
             Horsmen
             in
             Armour
             ,
             ten
             Chariots
             armed
             with
             Scythes
             ,
             sixty
             Friends
             and
             officers
             of
             the
             King
             's
             ,
             and
             a
             hundred
             and
             ten
             long-beak'd
             Ships
             were
             carried
             along
             with
             them
             .
             The
             Golden
             Image
             of
             Mithridates
             ,
             six
             Foot
             high
             ,
             and
             rich
             Head
             pieces
             ,
             twenty
             Loads
             of
             Silver
             Vessels
             ,
             and
             thirty
             two
             of
             Golden
             Cups
             .
             Armour
             ,
             and
             Money
             all
             carried
             by
             Men.
             Beside
             which
             ,
             eight
             Mules
             were
             laden
             with
             Golden
             Beds
             ,
             fifty
             six
             with
             Bullion
             ,
             and
             a
             hundred
             and
             seven
             
             with
             Coined
             Money
             and
             Silver
             ,
             little
             Less
             
             than
             two
             hundred
             and
             seventy
             Myriads
             .
             In
             Publick
             Tables
             were
             written
             what
             Moneys
             he
             gave
             Pompey
             for
             prosecuting
             the
             Pyratick
             War
             ,
             what
             he
             delivered
             into
             the
             Treasury
             ,
             and
             what
             beside
             he
             gave
             to
             every
             Soldier
             ,
             which
             was
             nine
             hundred
             and
             fifty
             Drachma's
             per
             Man
             :
             After
             all
             which
             ,
             he
             nobly
             feasted
             the
             City
             and
             Suburbs
             .
             Being
             divorc'd
             from
             Clodia
             ,
             a
             dissolute
             and
             and
             wicked
             Woman
             ,
             he
             married
             Servilia
             Sister
             to
             Cato
             :
             It
             proved
             an
             unfortunate
             Match
             ,
             for
             she
             was
             guilty
             of
             all
             
             Clodia's
             vices
             but
             one
             ,
             and
             that
             was
             Incest
             with
             her
             Brothers
             .
             Out
             of
             reverence
             to
             Cato
             ,
             he
             for
             a
             while
             connived
             at
             her
             Impurity
             and
             Immodesty
             ,
             but
             at
             length
             dismissed
             her
             .
             When
             the
             Senate
             expected
             great
             things
             from
             him
             as
             one
             that
             would
             be
             a
             Check
             to
             the
             Usurpation
             of
             Pompey
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             Greatness
             of
             his
             Station
             and
             Credit
             would
             defend
             the
             Nobility
             ,
             he
             retired
             from
             Business
             and
             left
             the
             Republick
             ;
             either
             because
             he
             saw
             her
             in
             a
             languishing
             condition
             ,
             and
             irrecoverable
             ,
             or
             ,
             as
             others
             say
             ,
             because
             he
             was
             as
             great
             as
             he
             could
             well
             be
             ,
             and
             inclined
             to
             a
             quiet
             and
             easie
             Life
             ,
             after
             those
             Labours
             and
             Toils
             ,
             which
             had
             not
             succeeded
             under
             him
             .
             There
             are
             those
             who
             highly
             commend
             his
             change
             of
             Life
             ,
             avoiding
             thereby
             that
             Rock
             whereon
             Marius
             split
             :
             
             For
             he
             ,
             after
             his
             Cimbrian
             Conquest
             ,
             wherein
             he
             did
             Noble
             and
             Great
             things
             ,
             would
             by
             no
             means
             be
             contented
             with
             the
             Honour
             thereof
             ,
             but
             out
             of
             an
             infatiable
             desire
             of
             Glory
             and
             Power
             ,
             even
             in
             his
             old
             Age
             ,
             managed
             a
             Faction
             in
             the
             Government
             against
             the
             Youth
             ,
             and
             became
             Guilty
             of
             horrid
             crimes
             ,
             and
             worse
             Murthers
             .
             Better
             had
             it
             been
             for
             Cicero
             ,
             after
             
             Catiline's
             Conspiracy
             ,
             to
             have
             retired
             in
             his
             Age
             ;
             and
             for
             Scipio
             ,
             after
             his
             Numantine
             and
             Carthaginian
             Conquests
             ,
             to
             have
             sate
             down
             contented
             .
             For
             the
             Administration
             of
             publick
             Affairs
             will
             determine
             ,
             and
             States-men
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             Wrestlers
             ,
             are
             laid
             aside
             ,
             when
             strength
             and
             youth
             fail
             .
          
           
             Crassus
             ,
             and
             Pompey
             ,
             laugh'd
             to
             see
             Lucullus
             become
             luxurious
             ,
             and
             effeminate
             ,
             feasting
             being
             altogether
             as
             inconvenient
             for
             his
             Age
             ,
             as
             Government
             of
             Affairs
             at
             home
             ,
             or
             an
             Army
             abroad
             .
             In
             Lucullus
             his
             Life
             ,
             as
             in
             the
             old
             Comedy
             ,
             we
             meet
             with
             Policy
             ,
             and
             action
             in
             the
             beginning
             ;
             and
             good
             eating
             ,
             and
             drinking
             in
             the
             end
             :
             And
             indeed
             scarce
             any
             thing
             but
             Feastings
             ,
             and
             Revellings
             ,
             and
             Sports
             .
             Among
             which
             
             I
             count
             his
             stately
             Buildings
             ,
             Portico's
             ,
             and
             Baths
             ;
             but
             above
             all
             his
             
               Pictures
               and
               Carving
            
             ,
             
             and
             great
             industry
             about
             these
             Curiosities
             ,
             which
             with
             vast
             expence
             he
             collected
             ,
             lavishly
             bestowing
             all
             the
             Wealth
             ,
             and
             
             Treasure
             which
             he
             got
             in
             the
             War
             upon
             them
             :
             insomuch
             that
             now
             adays
             ,
             when
             Luxury
             reins
             ,
             the
             Lucullian
             Gardens
             are
             counted
             the
             noblest
             that
             the
             Emperor
             hath
             .
             Tubero
             the
             Stoick
             ,
             when
             he
             saw
             his
             Buildings
             at
             Neapolis
             ,
             where
             he
             suspended
             the
             Hills
             upon
             Arches
             ,
             brought
             in
             the
             Sea
             for
             Moats
             ,
             and
             Fish-ponds
             round
             his
             House
             ,
             and
             built
             Pleasure-Houses
             in
             the
             Waters
             ,
             called
             him
             
               Xerxes
               in
               a
               Gown
            
             .
             He
             had
             also
             fine
             Seats
             in
             Tusculum
             ,
             pleasant
             Prospects
             ,
             and
             large
             Apartments
             ,
             and
             Portico's
             for
             Men
             ;
             where
             Pompey
             coming
             to
             see
             him
             ,
             blam'd
             him
             for
             making
             his
             Habitation
             so
             pleasant
             in
             Summer
             ,
             but
             inconvenient
             in
             Winter
             :
             To
             whom
             he
             smilingly
             reply'd
             .
             Do
             you
             think
             I
             am
             less
             provident
             than
             Cranes
             and
             Storks
             ,
             not
             to
             change
             my
             habitation
             with
             the
             season
             ?
             When
             a
             Praetor
             with
             great
             charge
             and
             pains
             ,
             was
             setting
             out
             a
             Spectacule
             to
             the
             People
             ,
             and
             asked
             him
             to
             lend
             him
             some
             Purple
             hangings
             for
             the
             Stage
             ,
             he
             told
             him
             he
             would
             goe
             home
             ,
             and
             see
             ,
             and
             if
             he
             had
             any
             ,
             he
             would
             lend
             him
             ;
             and
             on
             the
             next
             day
             asking
             how
             many
             he
             wanted
             ,
             and
             being
             told
             that
             a
             hundred
             would
             suffice
             ,
             ordered
             him
             to
             take
             twice
             as
             many
             ,
             which
             made
             Horace
             say
             ,
             
               That
               he
               esteemed
               that
               a
               poor
               house
               where
               the
               lumber
               and
               unnecessary
               Utensils
               ,
               are
               not
               more
               than
               the
               Furniture
               in
               sight
               .
            
          
           
           
             Lucullus
             his
             Entertainments
             were
             every
             new
             ,
             and
             extravagent
             ,
             not
             only
             with
             Purple
             Carpets
             ,
             and
             Plate
             adorned
             with
             Precious
             Stones
             ,
             and
             Dancings
             ,
             and
             Interludes
             ,
             but
             for
             all
             manner
             of
             Dainties
             ,
             and
             Sweetmeats
             pil'd
             up
             ,
             which
             made
             the
             People
             admire
             him
             .
             It
             was
             a
             happy
             thought
             of
             Pompey
             in
             his
             Sickness
             ,
             when
             his
             Physician
             prescribed
             a
             Thrush
             for
             his
             dinner
             ,
             and
             his
             Servants
             told
             him
             ,
             That
             in
             Summer
             time
             Thrushes
             where
             no
             where
             but
             in
             Lucullus
             his
             Penns
             ,
             would
             not
             suffer
             them
             to
             fetch
             one
             thence
             ,
             but
             told
             his
             Physician
             ,
             Had
             not
             Lucullus
             fed
             on
             Thrushes
             ,
             Pompey
             had
             not
             liv'd
             ,
             and
             thereupon
             ordered
             some
             other
             thing
             at
             hand
             to
             be
             made
             ready
             for
             him
             .
             Cato
             was
             his
             Friend
             and
             Companion
             ,
             but
             nevertheless
             so
             hated
             his
             Life
             ,
             and
             Diet
             ,
             that
             when
             a
             young
             Man
             in
             the
             Senate
             ,
             made
             a
             long
             and
             tedious
             speech
             in
             praise
             of
             Frugality
             and
             Temperance
             ,
             Cato
             standing
             up
             replyed
             ,
             Will
             you
             never
             have
             done
             ?
             You
             who
             are
             as
             Rich
             as
             Cressus
             ,
             live
             like
             Lucullus
             ,
             and
             speak
             like
             Cato
             .
             It
             is
             plain
             from
             his
             own
             Mouth
             ,
             that
             Lucullus
             was
             not
             only
             pleased
             with
             ,
             but
             gloried
             in
             his
             way
             of
             living
             ,
             for
             he
             is
             said
             to
             have
             feasted
             several
             Greeks
             upon
             their
             coming
             to
             Rome
             day
             after
             day
             ;
             who
             out
             of
             a
             true
             Grecian
             Principal
             being
             ashamed
             ,
             and
             refusing
             the
             invitation
             ,
             where
             so
             great
             an
             expence
             was
             every
             
             day
             caused
             for
             them
             ,
             he
             with
             a
             pleasing
             Countenance
             told
             them
             ,
             Some
             of
             this
             indeed
             ,
             my
             Grecian
             Friends
             ,
             is
             for
             your
             sakes
             ,
             but
             more
             for
             Lucullus
             his
             own
             .
             Once
             ,
             when
             he
             supped
             alone
             ,
             there
             being
             only
             one
             table
             ,
             and
             that
             but
             moderately
             furnisht
             ,
             he
             called
             his
             Steward
             and
             reproved
             him
             ;
             who
             imagining
             that
             there
             would
             be
             no
             need
             of
             any
             great
             Entertainment
             ,
             when
             no
             Body
             was
             invited
             ,
             was
             answered
             ;
             
               What
               do
               you
               not
               know
               ,
               that
               to
               day
            
             Lucullus
             
               is
               to
               eat
               with
            
             Lucullus
             ?
             Which
             being
             noised
             about
             the
             City
             ,
             Cicero
             and
             Pompey
             one
             day
             met
             him
             loitering
             in
             the
             Market-place
             ;
             one
             a
             principal
             Friend
             and
             Acquaintance
             ;
             but
             there
             had
             been
             some
             falling
             out
             between
             Pompey
             and
             him
             ,
             about
             the
             Command
             of
             the
             Army
             ,
             but
             however
             they
             used
             civilly
             to
             discourse
             ,
             and
             talk
             together
             .
             Cicero
             saluted
             him
             ,
             and
             asked
             him
             ,
             How
             he
             stood
             affected
             to
             disputing
             ?
             Who
             answering
             ,
             Very
             well
             ;
             and
             inviting
             them
             to
             it
             ,
             We
             ,
             said
             he
             ,
             will
             eat
             with
             you
             ,
             to
             day
             ,
             if
             there
             shall
             be
             no
             more
             than
             what
             is
             already
             provided
             .
             Lucullus
             being
             surprised
             ,
             and
             requested
             a
             days
             time
             ,
             they
             refused
             to
             grant
             it
             ,
             neither
             suffered
             him
             to
             talk
             with
             his
             Servants
             ,
             for
             fear
             he
             should
             give
             order
             for
             more
             than
             what
             was
             appointed
             before
             .
             But
             thus
             much
             they
             consented
             to
             ,
             that
             before
             their
             Faces
             he
             might
             tell
             his
             Servant
             ,
             That
             to
             day
             he
             would
             sup
             in
             the
             Apollo
             (
             for
             
             so
             one
             of
             his
             best
             dining
             Rooms
             was
             called
             )
             and
             ,
             by
             this
             evasion
             ,
             impos'd
             upon
             his
             Guests
             .
             To
             every
             Room
             (
             as
             it
             seems
             )
             was
             allotted
             a
             proportion
             of
             Diet
             ,
             having
             its
             proper
             Costs
             and
             Furniture
             belonging
             to
             it
             ;
             so
             that
             the
             Servants
             knowing
             where
             he
             would
             dine
             ,
             knew
             also
             how
             much
             was
             to
             be
             expended
             ,
             and
             how
             the
             Supper
             was
             to
             be
             prepared
             .
             The
             expence
             for
             the
             Apollo
             was
             fifty
             thousand
             pence
             ,
             which
             being
             that
             day
             consumed
             ,
             the
             greatness
             thereof
             did
             not
             so
             much
             amaze
             Pompey
             ,
             as
             the
             haste
             in
             dressing
             .
             He
             insulted
             over
             Money
             ,
             as
             Captive
             and
             Barbarian
             ;
             as
             indeed
             it
             was
             .
             But
             however
             his
             furnishing
             a
             Library
             ,
             deserved
             praise
             and
             thanks
             ,
             for
             he
             collected
             very
             many
             ,
             and
             choice
             Manuscripts
             ;
             but
             the
             use
             they
             were
             put
             to
             ,
             was
             more
             commendable
             than
             the
             purchase
             .
             The
             Library
             being
             always
             open
             ,
             and
             the
             Walks
             and
             Schools
             about
             it
             free
             to
             all
             Greeks
             ,
             who
             ,
             from
             business
             ,
             came
             thither
             as
             to
             the
             habitation
             of
             the
             Muses
             ,
             walking
             about
             ,
             and
             diverting
             one
             another
             .
             He
             himself
             often
             studied
             there
             ,
             disputing
             with
             the
             learned
             in
             the
             Walks
             ,
             and
             giving
             his
             advice
             to
             States-Men
             who
             required
             it
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             his
             House
             was
             altogether
             a
             Receptacle
             ,
             and
             a
             
               Greek
               Prytaneum
            
             to
             all
             that
             came
             to
             Rome
             .
             He
             understood
             all
             sorts
             of
             Philosophy
             ,
             and
             was
             well
             read
             ,
             and
             expert
             in
             them
             all
             .
             But
             he
             always
             favoured
             ,
             and
             
             valued
             the
             Academy
             from
             the
             beginning
             .
             Not
             the
             new
             one
             (
             which
             at
             that
             time
             under
             Philo
             flourish'd
             with
             the
             Precept
             of
             Carneades
             )
             but
             the
             old
             one
             ,
             then
             under
             the
             Government
             of
             
               Ascalonites
               Antiochus
            
             ,
             a
             learned
             and
             eloquent
             Man
             :
             Lucullus
             ,
             with
             great
             labour
             ,
             made
             him
             his
             Friend
             and
             Companion
             ,
             and
             set
             him
             up
             on
             purpose
             against
             
             Philo's
             Auditors
             ,
             among
             whom
             Cicero
             was
             one
             ,
             who
             Wrote
             an
             excellent
             Book
             in
             defence
             of
             his
             Sect
             ,
             wherein
             he
             hath
             made
             a
             discourse
             for
             Lucullus
             ,
             about
             apprehension
             contrary
             to
             his
             own
             opinion
             .
             The
             Book
             is
             called
             Lucullus
             .
             For
             ,
             as
             't
             is
             said
             ,
             they
             were
             good
             Friends
             ,
             and
             acted
             jointly
             in
             the
             publick
             Concern
             .
             For
             Lucullus
             did
             not
             wholly
             retire
             from
             the
             Republick
             ,
             but
             from
             Ambition
             ,
             and
             desire
             of
             Superiority
             ,
             and
             Greatness
             equally
             dangerous
             and
             troublesome
             ,
             which
             he
             left
             to
             Crassus
             ,
             and
             Cato
             .
             To
             whom
             the
             Senate
             ,
             who
             suspected
             Pompey's
             greatness
             ,
             joined
             themselves
             ,
             when
             Lucullus
             refused
             to
             head
             them
             .
             For
             his
             Friends
             he
             came
             into
             the
             Forum
             ,
             and
             into
             the
             Senate
             to
             curb
             the
             Ambition
             and
             Pride
             of
             Pompey
             ;
             whose
             orders
             ,
             after
             his
             Conquests
             over
             the
             King
             's
             ,
             he
             annull'd
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             assistance
             of
             Cato
             hindred
             a
             division
             of
             Lands
             to
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             which
             he
             proposed
             .
             Which
             made
             Pompey
             go
             over
             to
             Crassus
             ,
             and
             Caesars
             Friendship
             ,
             or
             rather
             Conspiracy
             ,
             and
             then
             
             by
             filling
             the
             City
             with
             Armed
             Men
             ,
             to
             establish
             his
             Decrees
             by
             force
             ,
             and
             drive
             Cato
             and
             Lucullus
             away
             .
             Which
             being
             resented
             by
             the
             Nobility
             ,
             
             Pompey's
             party
             produc'd
             one
             Vectius
             ,
             pretending
             they
             apprehended
             him
             in
             a
             design
             against
             
             Pompey's
             Life
             .
             Who
             ,
             in
             the
             Senate-house
             ,
             accused
             others
             ,
             but
             among
             the
             People
             named
             Lucullus
             ,
             as
             if
             he
             had
             been
             suborned
             by
             him
             to
             kill
             Pompey
             .
             No
             Body
             gave
             heed
             to
             what
             he
             said
             ,
             and
             it
             soon
             appeared
             that
             they
             had
             produced
             a
             Man
             with
             a
             false
             charge
             ,
             and
             accusation
             .
             After
             a
             few
             days
             the
             whole
             Intrigue
             was
             discover'd
             ,
             the
             Carcase
             of
             the
             accuser
             being
             thrown
             out
             of
             Prison
             ,
             reported
             indeed
             to
             have
             died
             a
             natural
             Death
             ,
             but
             carrying
             marks
             of
             a
             Halter
             ,
             and
             blows
             about
             him
             ;
             and
             seeming
             rather
             to
             have
             been
             taken
             off
             by
             those
             who
             suborned
             him
             .
             These
             things
             kept
             Lucullus
             at
             a
             greater
             distance
             from
             the
             Republick
             .
          
           
             But
             when
             Cicero
             left
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             Cato
             was
             banished
             to
             Cyprus
             ,
             he
             became
             altogether
             sottish
             ;
             it
             is
             reported
             ,
             that
             before
             his
             Death
             ,
             his
             parts
             fail'd
             him
             by
             degrees
             .
             But
             
               Cornelius
               Nepos
            
             denies
             that
             either
             Age
             or
             Sickness
             impair'd
             his
             Mind
             ,
             which
             was
             rather
             doz'd
             by
             a
             Potion
             given
             him
             by
             Callisthenes
             his
             Freeman
             .
             The
             Potion
             given
             him
             by
             Callisthenes
             ,
             was
             to
             endear
             him
             to
             him
             ,
             being
             so
             prepared
             ;
             but
             it
             acted
             quite
             
             otherwise
             ,
             and
             so
             disabled
             and
             intoxicated
             his
             Mind
             ,
             that
             even
             while
             he
             was
             alive
             ,
             his
             Brother
             ordered
             his
             Affairs
             .
             At
             his
             Death
             ,
             which
             was
             the
             Death
             of
             one
             taken
             off
             in
             the
             very
             flower
             of
             Martial
             and
             Civil
             Discipline
             ,
             the
             People
             were
             much
             concerned
             ,
             and
             flockt
             together
             ,
             and
             even
             by
             force
             would
             have
             taken
             his
             Corps
             ,
             as
             it
             was
             carried
             into
             the
             Market-place
             ,
             by
             young
             Men
             of
             the
             best
             Quality
             ,
             and
             have
             Buried
             it
             in
             the
             Martian
             field
             ,
             where
             they
             buried
             Sylla
             .
             Which
             being
             altogether
             unexpected
             ,
             and
             Necessaries
             not
             easily
             to
             be
             procured
             on
             a
             sudden
             ,
             his
             Brother
             ,
             after
             much
             intreaty
             and
             sollicitation
             ,
             prevailed
             upon
             them
             to
             suffer
             him
             to
             be
             buried
             in
             the
             Tusculan
             field
             ,
             as
             was
             appointed
             .
             He
             himself
             surviv'd
             him
             but
             a
             small
             time
             ,
             coming
             not
             far
             behind
             in
             Death
             ,
             as
             he
             did
             in
             Age
             and
             Renown
             ,
             being
             a
             most
             loving
             Brother
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Comparison
             of
             Lucullus
             with
             Cimon
             .
          
           
             ONe
             might
             bless
             the
             End
             of
             Lucullus
             ,
             who
             died
             before
             the
             great
             Alteration
             of
             Affairs
             ,
             which
             Fate
             by
             intestine
             Wars
             was
             bringing
             ,
             on
             ,
             and
             left
             this
             Life
             in
             a
             free
             ,
             though
             troubled
             State
             ,
             wherein
             ,
             above
             all
             other
             things
             ,
             Cimon
             and
             he
             agreed
             .
             For
             
             he
             died
             also
             when
             the
             state
             of
             Greece
             was
             free
             ,
             and
             flourished
             ;
             though
             in
             the
             Field
             ,
             at
             the
             Head
             of
             his
             Army
             ,
             not
             recalled
             ,
             nor
             disgraced
             ,
             nor
             sullying
             the
             Glory
             of
             his
             Wars
             ,
             Engagements
             ,
             and
             Conquests
             ,
             with
             Feastings
             and
             Debauches
             :
             As
             Plato
             reprehended
             Orpheus
             for
             saying
             ,
             
               That
               an
               eternal
               Debauch
               hereafter
               ,
               was
               the
               Reward
               of
               those
               who
               lived
               well
               here
               .
            
             Indeed
             ease
             and
             Quiet
             ,
             and
             the
             Study
             of
             pleasant
             and
             speculative
             Learning
             ,
             to
             an
             old
             Man
             ,
             unfit
             for
             War
             or
             State
             ,
             is
             a
             most
             ornamental
             and
             comfortable
             thing
             ;
             but
             to
             misguide
             vertuous
             Actions
             to
             Pleasure
             ,
             as
             their
             utmost
             End
             ,
             and
             to
             leave
             the
             Wars
             for
             the
             Sports
             and
             Delights
             of
             Venus
             ,
             did
             not
             become
             the
             gravity
             of
             the
             Academy
             ,
             and
             a
             Follower
             of
             Xenocrates
             ,
             but
             one
             that
             rather
             inclined
             to
             Epicurus
             .
             But
             the
             greatest
             wonder
             of
             all
             is
             ,
             their
             Youthful
             days
             were
             flat
             opposite
             ;
             the
             ones
             being
             infamous
             and
             vicious
             ,
             the
             others
             well
             disciplin'd
             and
             sober
             ;
             yet
             better
             is
             the
             Change
             for
             Good
             ,
             for
             it
             argues
             a
             more
             ingenuous
             Mind
             ,
             where
             Vice
             decayeth
             ,
             and
             Vertue
             increaseth
             .
             Though
             both
             had
             great
             Wealth
             ,
             they
             differently
             employed
             it
             ;
             and
             there
             is
             no
             Comparison
             between
             the
             South-wall
             of
             the
             Tower
             built
             by
             Cimon
             ,
             and
             the
             stately
             Mansions
             and
             watry
             Prospects
             at
             Neapolis
             ,
             built
             by
             Lucullus
             ,
             out
             of
             the
             Spoils
             of
             the
             Barbarians
             .
             Neither
             
             can
             we
             compare
             
             Cimon's
             popular
             and
             numerous
             Table
             ,
             to
             the
             Noble
             and
             Royal
             one
             of
             Lucullus
             ,
             that
             receiving
             a
             great
             many
             Guests
             every
             day
             at
             small
             Expence
             ,
             this
             being
             richly
             spread
             for
             a
             few
             Good-Fellows
             :
             
             unless
             you
             will
             say
             that
             different
             times
             made
             the
             alteration
             .
             For
             who
             can
             tell
             ,
             but
             that
             Cimon
             ,
             if
             he
             had
             retired
             in
             his
             old
             age
             from
             Business
             and
             War
             ,
             to
             Quiet
             and
             Solitude
             ,
             might
             have
             liv'd
             a
             more
             luxurious
             and
             debauch'd
             Life
             ,
             who
             was
             a
             Good-fellow
             ,
             a
             pleasant
             Companion
             ,
             and
             (
             as
             is
             said
             )
             a
             Lover
             of
             Women
             ?
             But
             brave
             and
             generous
             Actions
             ,
             transported
             with
             other
             Delights
             than
             arise
             from
             the
             lower
             Appetite
             ,
             make
             active
             and
             heroick
             Men
             neglect
             and
             forget
             these
             .
             Had
             but
             Lucullus
             ended
             his
             days
             in
             the
             Field
             ,
             Envy
             itself
             and
             Detraction
             could
             never
             have
             accused
             him
             .
             So
             much
             for
             their
             manner
             of
             Life
             .
          
           
             In
             War
             it
             is
             plain
             they
             were
             both
             Men
             of
             excellent
             Conduct
             ,
             both
             at
             Land
             and
             Sea.
             And
             as
             they
             honoured
             those
             Champions
             ,
             who
             on
             the
             same
             day
             ,
             in
             the
             same
             Games
             ,
             were
             Crowned
             for
             their
             Mastery
             in
             all
             ,
             by
             calling
             their
             Actions
             ,
             
               Wonderful
               Victories
            
             ;
             so
             likewise
             Cimon
             ,
             honouring
             Greece
             with
             a
             Sea
             and
             Land-Victory
             on
             the
             same
             day
             ,
             is
             worthy
             to
             be
             placed
             in
             the
             first
             Rank
             of
             Commanders
             .
             Lucullus
             received
             Command
             from
             his
             Country
             ,
             but
             
             Cimon
             brought
             it
             to
             his
             .
             He
             united
             the
             Lands
             of
             his
             Enemies
             to
             her
             ,
             who
             ruled
             over
             Confederates
             before
             ;
             but
             this
             Man
             taking
             the
             Power
             out
             of
             other
             Hands
             ,
             made
             his
             Country
             both
             rule
             over
             Confederates
             ,
             and
             Conquer
             Enemies
             too
             ;
             forcing
             the
             Persians
             to
             relinquish
             the
             Sea
             ,
             and
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             to
             submit
             .
             But
             if
             it
             be
             the
             chiefest
             thing
             in
             a
             General
             to
             win
             his
             Soldiers
             to
             Obedience
             by
             Gentleness
             ;
             Lucullus
             was
             despised
             by
             his
             own
             Army
             ,
             but
             Cimon
             was
             obeyed
             by
             others
             .
             Those
             deserted
             the
             one
             ,
             these
             fled
             for
             Protection
             to
             the
             other
             .
             He
             came
             home
             without
             those
             Forces
             he
             led
             out
             ;
             this
             Man
             sent
             out
             at
             first
             under
             the
             Command
             of
             others
             ,
             returned
             home
             with
             Authority
             even
             over
             them
             also
             ,
             having
             served
             his
             City
             in
             three
             difficult
             Negotiations
             ,
             establishing
             Peace
             with
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             Dominion
             over
             Confederates
             ,
             and
             Unity
             with
             Lacedaemon
             .
             Both
             aiming
             to
             destroy
             great
             Kingdoms
             ,
             and
             subdue
             all
             Asia
             ,
             fail'd
             in
             their
             Enterprise
             .
             Cimon
             very
             unfortunately
             ;
             for
             he
             died
             when
             General
             ,
             in
             the
             height
             of
             Felicity
             :
             But
             Lucullus
             ,
             no
             Man
             can
             excuse
             from
             a
             Fault
             to
             his
             Soldiers
             ,
             whether
             he
             knew
             not
             ,
             or
             would
             not
             comply
             with
             the
             Distaste
             and
             Complaints
             of
             his
             Army
             ,
             which
             brought
             him
             into
             so
             great
             hatred
             among
             them
             .
             But
             did
             not
             Cimon
             also
             suffer
             like
             him
             in
             this
             ?
             For
             the
             
             Citizens
             arraigned
             him
             ,
             and
             never
             left
             till
             they
             had
             banished
             him
             ;
             that
             ,
             as
             Plato
             says
             ,
             They
             might
             not
             hear
             him
             for
             the
             space
             of
             ten
             Years
             .
             For
             Heroick
             Minds
             seldom
             please
             the
             Vulgar
             ,
             or
             are
             acceptable
             to
             them
             ;
             for
             by
             punishing
             their
             Extravagancies
             ,
             they
             oftentimes
             pinch
             to
             the
             quick
             ,
             like
             Chirurgeons
             bands
             ,
             reducing
             dislocated
             Bones
             to
             their
             natural
             position
             .
             But
             both
             of
             them
             perhaps
             may
             be
             cleared
             of
             this
             .
          
           
             Lucullus
             very
             much
             out-went
             him
             in
             War
             ,
             being
             the
             first
             Roman
             who
             carried
             an
             Army
             over
             Taurus
             ,
             passed
             the
             Tigris
             ,
             took
             and
             burnt
             the
             Royal
             Palaces
             of
             Asia
             ,
             in
             the
             sight
             of
             the
             Kings
             ,
             
               Tigranocerta
               ,
               Cabira
               ,
               Sinope
            
             ,
             and
             Nisibis
             ,
             subduing
             the
             North
             Parts
             as
             far
             as
             Phacis
             ,
             the
             East
             as
             far
             as
             Media
             ,
             and
             the
             South
             and
             Red
             Sea
             ,
             through
             the
             Kingdoms
             of
             Arabia
             ;
             broke
             the
             Power
             of
             Kings
             ,
             and
             narrowly
             missed
             their
             Persons
             ,
             who
             fled
             away
             like
             Wild
             Beasts
             into
             the
             Desarts
             ,
             the
             thick
             and
             unpassable
             Woods
             .
             A
             Demonstration
             of
             which
             was
             ,
             That
             the
             Persians
             ,
             as
             if
             no
             great
             harm
             had
             befel
             them
             under
             Cimon
             ,
             soon
             after
             appeared
             in
             Arms
             against
             the
             Grecians
             ,
             and
             overcame
             and
             destroyed
             a
             great
             Army
             of
             theirs
             in
             Aegypt
             .
             But
             after
             
               Lucullus
               ,
               Tigranes
            
             and
             Mithridates
             were
             able
             to
             do
             nothing
             :
             The
             latter
             being
             disabled
             and
             broken
             in
             the
             former
             Wars
             ,
             never
             dared
             to
             shew
             his
             Army
             to
             
             Pompey
             without
             the
             Camp
             ,
             but
             fled
             away
             to
             Bosphorus
             ,
             and
             there
             died
             .
             Tigranes
             threw
             himself
             naked
             and
             unarmed
             down
             before
             Pompey
             ,
             and
             taking
             his
             Crown
             from
             his
             Head
             ,
             laid
             it
             at
             his
             Feet
             ,
             complementing
             Pompey
             with
             what
             was
             not
             his
             own
             ,
             but
             that
             which
             Lucullus
             had
             triumphed
             over
             before
             ;
             and
             when
             he
             received
             the
             Ensigns
             of
             Majesty
             again
             ,
             he
             was
             well
             pleased
             ,
             because
             deprived
             before
             .
             Greater
             is
             that
             Commander
             ,
             who
             ,
             like
             a
             Wrestler
             ,
             leaves
             an
             Adversary
             almost
             Conquered
             for
             his
             Successor
             ;
             and
             therefore
             Cimon
             ,
             at
             his
             Arrival
             ,
             finding
             the
             Forces
             of
             the
             King
             dispersed
             ,
             and
             the
             Minds
             of
             the
             Persians
             down
             ,
             by
             their
             continual
             Overthrows
             and
             Flights
             under
             
               Themistocles
               ,
               Pausanias
            
             ,
             and
             Leotychides
             ,
             easily
             overcame
             their
             Bodies
             ,
             whose
             Souls
             were
             dis-spirited
             and
             faint
             before
             .
             But
             Tigranes
             ,
             never
             yet
             baffled
             in
             Fight
             ,
             but
             flush'd
             with
             Success
             ,
             engaged
             against
             Lucullus
             .
             There
             is
             no
             comparison
             between
             those
             Numbers
             which
             came
             against
             Lucullus
             ,
             and
             those
             subdued
             by
             Cimon
             .
             All
             which
             things
             being
             rightly
             considered
             ,
             it
             is
             a
             hard
             matter
             to
             give
             judgment
             :
             For
             the
             Gods
             were
             favourable
             to
             both
             Parties
             ,
             directing
             the
             one
             what
             to
             act
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             what
             to
             avoid
             ;
             and
             they
             have
             thereby
             declared
             them
             both
             brave
             Men
             ,
             and
             of
             Heavenly
             Extract
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           
           
           
           
             
               
                 NICIAS
                 .
              
            
             THE
             LIFE
             OF
             NICIAS
             .
          
           
             English'd
             from
             the
             Greek
             ,
             by
             
               Thomas
               Rymer
            
             ,
             
               Esq
            
          
           
             VOLUME
             III.
             
          
           
             CRassus
             ,
             in
             my
             Opinion
             ,
             may
             most
             properly
             be
             set
             against
             Nicias
             ,
             and
             the
             Parthian
             Disaster
             compared
             with
             that
             in
             Sicily
             .
             But
             then
             ,
             in
             the
             first
             place
             ,
             I
             must
             beseech
             the
             Reader
             ,
             in
             all
             Courtesy
             ,
             not
             to
             think
             that
             I
             contend
             with
             Thucydides
             ,
             in
             matters
             so
             Pathetically
             ,
             so
             Nobly
             ,
             so
             beyond
             all
             Imitation
             ,
             and
             even
             beyond
             himself
             exprest
             by
             him
             ;
             nor
             to
             believe
             me
             guilty
             of
             the
             like
             folly
             with
             Timaeus
             ,
             who
             
             hoping
             ,
             in
             his
             History
             ,
             for
             Majesty
             of
             
             Style
             ,
             to
             surpass
             Thucydides
             ,
             and
             make
             Philistius
             appear
             a
             trifler
             and
             very
             dolt
             ,
             pushes
             on
             his
             descriptions
             thorow
             the
             thickest
             of
             their
             main
             Battels
             ,
             Atchievements
             at
             Sea
             ,
             and
             Debates
             of
             Council
             ,
             the
             most
             laboured
             ,
             and
             the
             most
             accurately
             delineated
             by
             them
             ,
             bearing
             up
             with
             them
             .
          
           
             
               No
               more
               ,
               by
               Jove
               ,
            
             
               Than
               a
               limping
               Footman
               ,
               to
               the
               Lydian
               Chariot
               .
            
          
           
             As
             Pindar
             has
             it
             .
             He
             shows
             himself
             all
             along
             half-lettered
             ,
             a
             dealer
             in
             small
             Wares
             .
             And
             ,
             according
             to
             that
             of
             Diphilus
             ,
          
           
             All
             Fat
             ,
             and
             rowling
             in
             Sicilian
             Grease
             .
          
           
             He
             oftentimes
             falls
             so
             very
             low
             ,
             as
             even
             with
             Xenarchus
             to
             quibble
             ;
             telling
             us
             ,
             That
             
               he
               thought
               it
               Ominous
               to
               the
            
             Athenians
             ,
             
               that
               their
               General
               who
               had
            
             *
             
               Victory
               in
               his
               Name
               ,
               refused
               to
               Command
               in
               the
               Expedition
               :
            
             And
             that
             
               from
               the
               defacing
               of
               the
            
             †
             Hermae
             ,
             
               some
               God
               foretold
               they
               should
               very
               much
               suffer
               in
               War
               ,
               by
               ▪
            
             Hermocrates
             
               the
               Son
               of
            
             Hermon
             .
             And
             moreover
             ,
             how
             '
             
               t
               was
               likely
               ,
               that
            
             Hercules
             
               would
               aid
               the
            
             Syracusians
             ,
             
               for
               the
            
             ‡
             
               Maiden's
               sake
               ,
               by
               whose
               means
               he
               took
            
             Cerberus
             ,
             
               but
               would
               be
               angry
               with
               the
            
             Athenians
             
               for
               protecting
               the
            
             Egesteans
             ,
             descended
             
             from
             Trojan
             
               Ancestors
               ,
               when
               as
               he
               for
               an
               injury
               of
               their
               King
            
             Laomedon
             ,
             
               had
               Sack't
               their
               City
            
             .
             But
             this
             Author
             peradventure
             ,
             chose
             to
             write
             these
             things
             out
             of
             the
             same
             abundant
             consideration
             ,
             and
             Wisdom
             ,
             as
             he
             finds
             fault
             with
             the
             Language
             of
             Philistus
             ;
             and
             carps
             at
             every
             where
             what
             he
             meets
             with
             in
             Plato
             and
             Aristotle
             .
          
           
             This
             sort
             of
             contention
             ,
             and
             vying
             with
             others
             in
             matter
             of
             Style
             ,
             in
             my
             mind
             ,
             at
             the
             best
             ,
             looks
             very
             little
             ,
             and
             shows
             the
             certain
             Spirit
             of
             a
             Pedant
             ;
             but
             in
             things
             unimitable
             is
             intolerable
             .
          
           
             Such
             actions
             therefore
             as
             Thucydides
             and
             Philistius
             have
             related
             ,
             seeing
             they
             are
             not
             to
             be
             past
             by
             ,
             especially
             those
             that
             discover
             the
             Genius
             of
             the
             Man
             ,
             and
             his
             disposition
             ,
             which
             under
             his
             many
             and
             great
             troubles
             lay
             concealed
             ,
             those
             I
             say
             ,
             that
             I
             may
             not
             seem
             altogether
             negligent
             ,
             I
             shall
             briefly
             run
             over
             ;
             and
             such
             things
             as
             are
             not
             vulgarly
             known
             ,
             and
             lie
             scattered
             here
             and
             there
             ,
             in
             other
             Mens
             Writings
             ,
             or
             are
             found
             amongst
             the
             old
             Monuments
             and
             Archieves
             ,
             I
             shall
             endeavour
             to
             bring
             together
             ;
             not
             huddling
             up
             an
             impertinent
             Story
             ,
             but
             delivering
             what
             may
             make
             his
             disposition
             and
             temper
             understood
             .
          
           
             First
             of
             all
             ,
             I
             would
             premise
             what
             Aristotle
             has
             written
             concerning
             
               Nicias
               ,
               That
               there
               had
               been
               three
               good
               Citizens
               eminent
            
             
             
             
               above
               the
               rest
               for
               their
               Fatherly
               Affection
               and
               love
               to
               the
               People
               ,
            
             Nicias
             
               the
               Son
               of
            
             Niceratus
             ,
             Thucidides
             
               the
               Son
               of
            
             Milesius
             ,
             and
             Theramenes
             
               the
               Son
               of
            
             Agnon
             ;
             but
             the
             last
             less
             than
             the
             others
             ;
             for
             his
             mean
             extraction
             ,
             was
             cast
             in
             his
             Teeth
             ,
             as
             a
             Forreigner
             from
             Ceos
             ,
             and
             his
             unconstancy
             ,
             siding
             sometimes
             with
             one
             Party
             ,
             sometimes
             with
             another
             ,
             in
             the
             Commonwealth
             ,
             made
             him
             be
             Nick-named
             the
             *
             Buskin
             .
          
           
             Thucydides
             was
             the
             foremost
             in
             time
             ,
             he
             on
             the
             behalf
             of
             the
             Nobility
             ,
             stiffly
             opposed
             Pericles
             ,
             who
             cajol'd
             the
             Commons
             .
          
           
             Nicias
             came
             after
             ,
             yet
             was
             in
             some
             reputation
             even
             whilst
             Pericles
             lived
             ;
             insomuch
             as
             to
             be
             in
             joint-Commission
             with
             him
             ,
             and
             many
             times
             to
             be
             General
             alone
             ;
             but
             Pericles
             dying
             ,
             he
             presently
             rose
             to
             the
             highest
             preferments
             ,
             chiefly
             by
             the
             favour
             of
             the
             Nobility
             ,
             who
             set
             him
             for
             their
             Bulwark
             against
             the
             Presumption
             and
             Insolence
             of
             Cleon
             ;
             yet
             withal
             ,
             he
             held
             the
             good
             Will
             of
             the
             Commons
             ,
             who
             likewise
             contributed
             to
             his
             advancement
             .
             For
             tho
             Cleons
             interest
             ran
             very
             high
             by
             his
             caressing
             the
             Old
             Men
             ,
             and
             by
             his
             frequent
             Dole
             to
             the
             Poor
             ;
             yet
             even
             they
             ,
             whom
             he
             practised
             upon
             for
             their
             Favour
             ,
             beholding
             the
             Avarice
             ,
             the
             Arrogance
             ,
             and
             the
             Presumption
             of
             the
             Man
             ,
             stood
             many
             of
             'um
             for
             Nicias
             .
          
           
           
             For
             his
             was
             not
             that
             sort
             of
             Gravity
             ,
             which
             is
             over
             harsh
             or
             odious
             ,
             but
             tempered
             with
             a
             certain
             awful
             Respect
             and
             Deference
             ,
             winning
             upon
             the
             People
             ,
             by
             seeming
             affraid
             of
             them
             .
             And
             being
             naturally
             Diffident
             and
             Timorous
             ,
             in
             feats
             of
             War
             ,
             his
             good
             Fortune
             supplied
             his
             want
             of
             Courage
             ,
             and
             kept
             it
             from
             being
             detected
             ,
             his
             Enterprizes
             proving
             always
             successful
             .
             But
             his
             Timerousness
             ,
             in
             point
             of
             Government
             ,
             and
             his
             huge
             dread
             of
             Informers
             ,
             tended
             very
             much
             to
             conciliate
             the
             good
             will
             of
             the
             People
             ;
             and
             gave
             him
             no
             small
             Power
             over
             them
             :
             They
             being
             fearful
             of
             one
             that
             despises
             them
             ,
             but
             promoting
             him
             that
             pays
             them
             Reverence
             ;
             for
             their
             greatest
             Honour
             ,
             from
             their
             Betters
             ,
             is
             not
             to
             be
             Contemned
             .
          
           
             Pericles
             ,
             who
             by
             solid
             Virtue
             ,
             and
             the
             pure
             dint
             of
             Eloquence
             ruled
             the
             Common-wealth
             ,
             stood
             in
             need
             of
             no
             disguise
             ,
             nor
             wheadling
             with
             the
             People
             ;
             which
             Talents
             Nicias
             wanting
             ,
             but
             abounding
             in
             Riches
             ,
             with
             these
             he
             was
             faint
             to
             truck
             for
             Popularity
             .
          
           
             Neither
             was
             he
             made
             with
             the
             Nimble
             Wit
             of
             Cleon
             ,
             so
             as
             by
             breaking
             Jests
             ,
             and
             playing
             the
             Droll
             to
             tickle
             the
             Athenians
             ;
             therefore
             being
             unprovided
             of
             such
             like
             Qualities
             ,
             he
             treated
             the
             People
             with
             Dances
             and
             Games
             ,
             and
             other
             publick
             Shows
             ,
             
             more
             Sumptuous
             and
             more
             Splendid
             ,
             than
             had
             been
             ever
             known
             in
             his
             ,
             or
             in
             former
             Ages
             .
          
           
             Amongst
             his
             Works
             of
             Devotion
             there
             was
             Extant
             ,
             even
             in
             our
             days
             ,
             a
             Shrine
             of
             Minerva
             in
             the
             Cittadel
             ,
             having
             lost
             the
             Gold
             that
             covered
             it
             :
             And
             a
             Temple
             in
             that
             of
             Bacchus
             under
             the
             Tripods
             ,
             that
             were
             presented
             by
             those
             at
             the
             publick
             Games
             ,
             who
             won
             the
             Prize
             :
             For
             at
             these
             Games
             he
             had
             often
             carried
             off
             the
             Prize
             ,
             and
             never
             once
             failed
             .
          
           
             'T
             is
             reported
             ,
             that
             at
             one
             of
             these
             publicks
             Shows
             ,
             a
             Slave
             of
             his
             past
             along
             in
             Masquerade
             ,
             personating
             Bacchus
             ,
             Fair
             and
             Goodly
             to
             behold
             ,
             nor
             yet
             any
             Beard
             upon
             his
             Chin
             ;
             The
             Athenians
             pleased
             with
             the
             sight
             ,
             and
             hopping
             a
             long
             time
             ,
             Nicias
             
             stood
             up
             ,
             and
             said
             ,
             
               He
               held
               it
               impious
               to
               keep
               any
               Body
               for
               a
               Slave
               ,
               who
               had
               publickly
               been
               likened
               to
               a
               God.
            
             And
             forthwith
             he
             set
             the
             young
             Man
             free
             .
          
           
             His
             performances
             at
             Delos
             are
             remembred
             ,
             as
             Noble
             and
             Magnificent
             Works
             of
             Devotion
             .
             For
             whereas
             the
             Choras
             which
             the
             Cities
             had
             sent
             to
             sing
             Anthems
             to
             the
             God
             ,
             were
             wont
             to
             arrive
             all
             in
             Confusion
             ;
             the
             Rabble
             coming
             presently
             to
             meet
             the
             Ship
             ,
             and
             crying
             to
             'um
             to
             sing
             :
             And
             they
             out
             of
             haste
             ,
             debarking
             in
             disorder
             ,
             and
             making
             a
             Clutter
             ,
             some
             for
             their
             Garlands
             ,
             some
             
             for
             their
             Surplices
             .
             Now
             he
             being
             to
             Convoy
             the
             Chorus
             ,
             shipt
             them
             over
             to
             Rhenia
             ,
             together
             with
             the
             Sacrifice
             ,
             and
             other
             Holy
             Appurtenances
             .
             And
             moreover
             ,
             took
             along
             with
             him
             from
             Athens
             ,
             a
             Bridge
             ready
             fitted
             for
             the
             purpose
             ,
             and
             Curiously
             adorned
             with
             Manufactures
             of
             Gold
             ,
             and
             with
             Pictures
             and
             Garlands
             ,
             and
             Tapestries
             ;
             this
             he
             joyned
             together
             in
             the
             Night
             over
             the
             Channel
             ,
             betwixt
             Rhenia
             and
             Delos
             ,
             being
             no
             great
             distance
             :
             And
             presently
             by
             break
             of
             day
             he
             marcht
             forth
             with
             all
             the
             Provision
             to
             the
             God
             ,
             and
             led
             the
             Chorus
             with
             all
             their
             Ornaments
             in
             exquisite
             Order
             ,
             singing
             all
             along
             over
             the
             Bridge
             .
          
           
             The
             Sacrifices
             ,
             the
             Games
             ,
             and
             the
             Feast
             being
             over
             ,
             he
             set
             up
             a
             Palm-Tree
             of
             Brass
             for
             a
             present
             to
             the
             God
             ,
             and
             bought
             a
             parcel
             of
             Land
             with
             ten
             thousand
             Drachma's
             ,
             which
             he
             Consecrated
             ;
             with
             the
             Revenue
             the
             Inhabitants
             of
             Delos
             were
             to
             Sacrifice
             ,
             and
             to
             Feast
             ,
             and
             to
             pray
             the
             Gods
             for
             
               many
               good
               Things
            
             to
             Nicias
             .
             This
             he
             ingraved
             on
             a
             Pillar
             ,
             which
             he
             left
             in
             Delos
             to
             be
             a
             Record
             of
             his
             Request
             .
             This
             same
             Palm-tree
             ,
             afterwards
             broken
             down
             by
             the
             Wind
             ,
             fell
             on
             the
             huge
             Statue
             which
             the
             Men
             of
             Naxus
             had
             presented
             ,
             and
             beat
             it
             to
             the
             Ground
             .
          
           
             'T
             is
             very
             plain
             ,
             that
             much
             of
             this
             looks
             like
             Vain-glory
             ,
             and
             shews
             a
             strong
             affectation
             
             of
             Popularity
             and
             Applause
             :
             Yet
             from
             other
             Qualities
             and
             Carriage
             of
             the
             Man
             ,
             one
             might
             believe
             all
             this
             Cost
             and
             Magnificence
             to
             be
             purely
             the
             Effect
             of
             his
             Devotion
             :
             For
             he
             was
             one
             of
             those
             who
             dreaded
             the
             Divine
             Powers
             extreamly
             ,
             and
             (
             as
             Thucydides
             informs
             us
             )
             
               was
               moap'd
               with
               Godliness
            
             .
             In
             one
             of
             
             Pasiphon's
             Dialogues
             't
             is
             written
             ,
             That
             
               he
               daily
               sacrificed
               to
               the
               Gods
               ,
               and
               keeping
               a
               Divine
               at
               his
               House
               ,
               he
               pretended
               to
               be
               consulting
               always
               about
               the
               Commonwealth
               ;
               whereas
               for
               the
               most
               part
               he
               enquired
               only
               of
               his
               private
               Affairs
               ,
               more
               especially
               concerning
               his
               Silver
               Mines
               :
            
             For
             he
             possess'd
             many
             ,
             and
             of
             great
             avail
             ,
             in
             the
             Lauriotick
             Ground
             ;
             but
             wrought
             them
             not
             without
             hazard
             .
             He
             maintained
             there
             a
             multitude
             of
             Slaves
             ,
             and
             his
             Wealth
             consisted
             chiefly
             in
             Silver
             ;
             whereby
             he
             had
             many
             Retainers
             ,
             and
             many
             Hangers-on
             about
             him
             ,
             craving
             and
             having
             ;
             for
             he
             gave
             to
             them
             who
             could
             do
             him
             mischief
             ,
             no
             less
             than
             to
             those
             who
             deserved
             well
             of
             him
             .
             In
             short
             ,
             his
             Fear
             made
             a
             Rent-charge
             for
             the
             Rogues
             ,
             and
             
             his
             Humanity
             for
             Honest
             Men.
             Of
             these
             things
             we
             have
             Testimony
             ,
             even
             in
             our
             Comedies
             ;
             for
             Teleclides
             brings
             in
             an
             Informer
             ,
             saying
             thus
             :
          
           
             
             
               Troth
               ,
               Charicles
               refus'd
               to
               give
               five
               Mark
               ,
            
             
               Lest
               it
               be
               said
               that
               he
               (
               an
               Elder
               Brother
               )
            
             
               Came
               first
               of
               all
               from
               out
               his
               Mother's
               Fob
               :
            
             
               But
               Nicias
               ,
               Niceratus's
               Son
               ,
            
             
               Gave
               twenty
               Mark
               :
               Wherefore
               !
               Tho
               well
            
             
               I
               know
               ,
               I
               say
               not
               ;
            
             
               He
               is
               a
               Friend
               ,
               and
               Wise
               ,
               if
               I
               mistake
               not
               .
            
          
           
             And
             he
             who
             is
             brought
             in
             by
             Eupolis
             (
             in
             his
             Maricas
             )
             representing
             a
             good
             simple
             Poor
             Man
             :
          
           
             
               How
               long
               (
               Friend
               )
               since
               thou
               last
               saw
               
               Nicias
               ?
            
             
               I
               saw
               him
               not
               ,
               save
               lately
               standing
               in
               the
               
               Streets
               .
            
             
               The
               Man
               confesses
               that
               he
               saw
               Nicias
               .
               
            
             
               And
               what
               the
               wiser
               he
               for
               seeing
               him
               ,
               unless
               he
               had
               a
               Spell
               from
               him
               ?
            
             
               You
               have
               heard
               (
               Companions
               )
               Nicias
               taken
               in
               the
               very
               Fact.
            
             
               Think
               you
               (
               ye
               Sots
               )
               to
               take
               a
               good
               Man
               in
               
               any
               Crime
               ?
            
          
           
             
               Cleon
               ,
               in
               Aristophanes
               ,
               
                 threatning
                 ,
                 says
              
               ,
            
             
               I
               'll
               throttle
               their
               fine
               Speakers
               ,
               and
               make
               Nicias
               all
               agast
               .
            
          
           
           
             Phrynichus
             represents
             him
             wanting
             Courage
             ,
             and
             ready
             to
             be
             scar'd
             out
             of
             his
             Senses
             ,
             in
             these
             Verses
             :
          
           
             
               Good
               Man
               was
               he
               (
               that
               very
               well
               I
               know
               )
            
             
               And
               never
               did
               ,
               like
               Nicias
               ,
               trembling
               go
               .
            
          
           
             So
             afraid
             he
             was
             of
             Informers
             ,
             and
             so
             reserved
             ,
             
             that
             he
             neither
             would
             venture
             to
             eat
             with
             any
             Citizen
             ,
             nor
             to
             have
             ordinary
             Discourse
             with
             them
             ,
             nor
             any
             Conversation
             nor
             Pastime
             whatsoever
             .
             Nor
             indeed
             had
             he
             any
             leisure
             for
             those
             Diversions
             .
             When
             he
             was
             Archon
             ,
             he
             staid
             in
             Court
             till
             night
             ,
             was
             the
             first
             upon
             the
             Bench
             ,
             and
             the
             last
             that
             left
             it
             .
             And
             if
             no
             Publick
             Business
             took
             up
             his
             time
             ,
             yet
             was
             it
             very
             hard
             to
             have
             Access
             ,
             or
             to
             speak
             with
             him
             ,
             he
             being
             retir'd
             at
             home
             ,
             and
             lock'd
             up
             .
             And
             when
             any
             came
             to
             the
             Door
             ,
             some
             Friend
             of
             his
             gave
             them
             good
             words
             ,
             and
             
               begg'd
               their
               Pardon
               ,
               for
               that
            
             Nicias
             
               was
               then
               very
               busie
               ,
               certain
               Affairs
               of
               State
               and
               the
               Publick
               lay
               heavy
               upon
               him
               .
            
          
           
             Who
             principally
             acted
             this
             Part
             for
             him
             ,
             and
             contributed
             mostwhat
             to
             his
             Pride
             and
             Vanity
             in
             this
             matter
             ,
             was
             Hieron
             ,
             a
             Man
             educated
             in
             
             Nicias's
             Family
             ,
             and
             instructed
             by
             him
             in
             Letters
             and
             Musick
             :
             He
             pretended
             to
             be
             the
             Son
             of
             Dionysius
             surnamed
             Chalcus
             ,
             whose
             Poems
             are
             yet
             extant
             ,
             
             and
             who
             was
             Governour
             of
             a
             Colony
             that
             planted
             in
             Italy
             ,
             and
             built
             Thurii
             .
          
           
             This
             Hieron
             also
             transacted
             all
             the
             Secrets
             for
             Nicias
             with
             the
             Divines
             ;
             and
             gave
             out
             in
             Speeches
             to
             the
             People
             ,
             
               What
               a
               toilsom
               and
               miserable
               Life
               he
               led
               ,
               for
               the
               sake
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               .
               He
            
             (
             said
             Hieron
             )
             
               can
               never
               be
               at
               quiet
               ,
               neither
               at
               the
               Bath
               ,
               nor
               at
               his
               Meat
               ,
               but
               some
               Publick
               Care
               seizes
               him
               :
               Careless
               and
               negligent
               of
               his
               own
               ,
               zealous
               for
               the
               Publick
               Good
               ;
               scarce
               ever
               going
               to
               Bed
               ,
               till
               after
               that
               others
               have
               had
               their
               first
               sleep
               :
               So
               that
               his
               Health
               is
               impaired
               ,
               and
               his
               Body
               wasted
               :
               Neither
               chearful
               nor
               affable
               with
               his
               Friends
               ,
               but
               abandons
               them
               ,
               together
               with
               his
               own
               Concerns
               ,
               for
               the
               Publick
               .
               Other
               Men
               make
               Friends
               by
               being
               in
               Office
               ,
               enrich
               themselves
               ,
               fare
               deliciously
               ,
               and
               play
               with
               the
               Government
               .
            
          
           
             And
             this
             truly
             was
             Nicias
             his
             manner
             of
             Life
             ;
             so
             that
             well
             might
             he
             apply
             to
             himself
             that
             of
             Agamemnon
             ,
          
           
             
               With
               Pageantries
               and
               Pomp
               ,
               the
               World
               I
               brave
               ;
            
             
               Yet
               ,
               in
               effect
               ,
               am
               but
               the
               Peoples
               Slave
               .
            
          
           
             He
             observed
             ,
             That
             the
             People
             ,
             in
             a
             Man
             of
             Eloquence
             ,
             or
             of
             eminent
             Parts
             and
             Ability
             ,
             made
             use
             of
             his
             Talent
             to
             serve
             their
             Occasions
             ;
             but
             were
             always
             jealous
             ,
             and
             
             held
             a
             watchful
             Eye
             upon
             his
             Power
             ,
             curbing
             and
             breaking
             it
             ,
             and
             taking
             down
             his
             Authority
             and
             Reputation
             .
             This
             was
             manifest
             in
             their
             Condemnation
             of
             Pericles
             ,
             their
             Banishment
             of
             Damon
             ,
             their
             Distrust
             of
             Antiphon
             the
             Rhamnusian
             ,
             but
             especially
             in
             the
             Case
             of
             Laches
             ,
             that
             took
             Lesbos
             ,
             who
             giving
             an
             Account
             of
             his
             Conduct
             ,
             in
             the
             very
             Court
             of
             Justice
             unsheathed
             his
             Sword
             ,
             and
             slew
             himself
             .
          
           
             On
             these
             Considerations
             Nicias
             declined
             
             all
             difficult
             ,
             and
             all
             little
             Enterprises
             :
             Or
             if
             he
             took
             a
             Command
             ,
             he
             was
             for
             doing
             what
             was
             safe
             .
             Thus
             ,
             't
             is
             likely
             ,
             he
             had
             for
             the
             most
             part
             Success
             ;
             which
             he
             did
             not
             attribute
             to
             any
             Wisdom
             ,
             Conduct
             ,
             or
             Courage
             of
             his
             own
             ,
             but
             (
             to
             avoid
             Envy
             )
             he
             thank'd
             Fortune
             for
             all
             ,
             and
             gave
             God
             the
             Glory
             .
             This
             the
             Actions
             themselves
             testifie
             ;
             for
             at
             that
             time
             there
             hapned
             many
             and
             terrible
             Shocks
             to
             the
             City
             of
             Athens
             ,
             yet
             had
             not
             he
             a
             hand
             in
             any
             of
             them
             .
             The
             Athenians
             were
             routed
             in
             Thrace
             by
             the
             
               Chalcedonians
               ,
               Calliades
            
             ,
             and
             Xenophon
             Commanding
             in
             Chief
             :
             Demosthenes
             was
             the
             General
             when
             they
             received
             the
             Blow
             in
             Aetolia
             :
             At
             Delos
             they
             lost
             a
             Thousand
             Citizens
             ,
             under
             the
             Conduct
             of
             Hippocrates
             :
             The
             Plague
             was
             principally
             laid
             to
             the
             charge
             of
             Pericles
             ,
             he
             having
             shut
             up
             close
             together
             in
             the
             Town
             ,
             a
             Crowd
             
             of
             Country-Fellows
             for
             the
             War
             ,
             who
             ,
             by
             the
             change
             of
             Place
             ,
             and
             their
             unusual
             Course
             of
             Living
             ,
             bred
             the
             Pestilence
             .
          
           
             Nicias
             stood
             clear
             of
             all
             this
             ;
             and
             by
             his
             
             Conduct
             was
             taken
             Cythera
             ,
             an
             Island
             most
             commodious
             against
             Laconia
             ,
             and
             held
             by
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             :
             Many
             Places
             likewise
             in
             Thrace
             ,
             which
             had
             revolted
             ,
             he
             took
             and
             subdued
             :
             He
             ,
             shutting
             up
             the
             Megareans
             within
             their
             Town
             ,
             seized
             upon
             the
             Isle
             Minoas
             ;
             and
             soon
             after
             ,
             marching
             swiftly
             from
             thence
             to
             Nisaea
             ,
             made
             himself
             Master
             there
             ;
             then
             ,
             making
             a
             Descent
             upon
             the
             Corinthian
             Territory
             ,
             he
             overcame
             in
             Battel
             ,
             and
             slew
             a
             great
             number
             of
             the
             Corinthians
             ,
             with
             their
             Captain
             Lycopheon
             .
          
           
             There
             it
             hapned
             that
             two
             of
             his
             Men
             were
             left
             ,
             by
             an
             oversight
             ,
             when
             they
             carried
             off
             the
             Dead
             ;
             which
             when
             he
             understood
             ,
             he
             made
             an
             Halt
             ,
             and
             sent
             an
             Herald
             to
             the
             Enemy
             for
             leave
             to
             carry
             off
             the
             Dead
             ;
             though
             by
             a
             certain
             Law
             and
             Custom
             ,
             he
             that
             by
             a
             Truce
             craved
             leave
             to
             carry
             off
             the
             Dead
             ,
             seemed
             to
             quit
             the
             Victory
             :
             Nor
             was
             it
             lawful
             for
             him
             that
             did
             this
             ,
             to
             erect
             a
             Trophy
             ;
             for
             his
             is
             the
             Victory
             ,
             who
             is
             Master
             of
             the
             Field
             ,
             and
             he
             is
             not
             Master
             who
             asks
             leave
             ,
             as
             wanting
             Power
             to
             take
             .
             But
             he
             chose
             rather
             to
             renounce
             his
             Victory
             and
             his
             Glory
             ,
             than
             to
             let
             two
             Citizens
             lie
             unburied
             .
          
           
           
             He
             scowred
             the
             Coast
             of
             Laconia
             all
             along
             ,
             and
             beat
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             that
             made
             Head
             against
             him
             .
             He
             took
             Thyraea
             ,
             Garrison'd
             by
             the
             Arginetans
             ,
             and
             carried
             the
             Prisoners
             to
             Athens
             .
          
           
             When
             Demosthenes
             had
             fortified
             Pylos
             ,
             and
             the
             Peloponnesians
             brought
             together
             all
             ,
             both
             their
             Sea
             and
             Land
             Forces
             ,
             before
             it
             ,
             after
             the
             Fight
             ,
             about
             the
             number
             of
             Four
             hundred
             Native
             Spartans
             were
             left
             ashore
             in
             the
             Isle
             Sphacteria
             :
             Now
             the
             Athenians
             thought
             it
             a
             brave
             Exploit
             (
             as
             indeed
             it
             was
             )
             to
             take
             these
             Men
             Prisoners
             .
             But
             the
             Siege
             ,
             in
             places
             that
             wanted
             Water
             ,
             being
             very
             difficult
             and
             untoward
             ;
             and
             to
             convoy
             the
             vast
             necessaries
             about
             by
             Sea
             ,
             in
             Summer
             ,
             tedious
             and
             vastly
             chargeable
             ,
             in
             Winter
             doubtful
             ,
             or
             plainly
             impossible
             ;
             this
             grieved
             them
             ,
             and
             they
             repented
             their
             having
             rejected
             the
             Ambassy
             of
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ,
             that
             had
             been
             sent
             to
             treat
             a
             Peace
             and
             League
             with
             them
             :
             Which
             was
             done
             at
             the
             Importunity
             of
             Cleon
             ,
             who
             opposed
             
             it
             ,
             chiefly
             out
             of
             a
             Pique
             to
             Nicias
             :
             For
             ,
             being
             his
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             observing
             him
             to
             labour
             a
             Complyance
             with
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ,
             he
             perswaded
             the
             People
             to
             break
             off
             the
             Treaty
             .
          
           
             Now
             therefore
             that
             the
             Siege
             held
             long
             ,
             and
             they
             heard
             of
             the
             dismal
             Extremities
             that
             press'd
             their
             Army
             ,
             they
             grew
             inraged
             
             against
             Cleon
             ;
             but
             he
             turns
             all
             the
             blame
             upon
             Nicias
             ,
             charging
             it
             on
             his
             Softness
             and
             Cowardice
             ,
             that
             the
             besieged
             Escap'd
             :
             
               Were
               I
               the
               General
            
             (
             quoth
             he
             )
             
               they
               should
               not
               hold
               out
               so
               long
               .
            
             The
             Athenians
             presently
             replyed
             ,
             
               Why
               then
               do
               not
               you
               go
               with
               a
               Squadron
               against
               them
               ?
            
             And
             Nicias
             standing
             up
             resigned
             his
             Command
             at
             Pylos
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             bids
             him
             
               take
               what
               Forces
               he
               pleased
               along
               with
               him
               ,
            
             and
             
               not
               swagger
               with
               VVords
               ,
               out
               of
               harms
               way
               ,
               but
               go
               forth
               and
               perform
               some
               memorable
               Service
               for
               the
               Common-wealth
               .
            
          
           
             Cleon
             ,
             at
             the
             first
             shrunk
             back
             ,
             startled
             with
             the
             surprize
             ,
             but
             the
             Athenians
             Commanding
             ,
             and
             Nicias
             lowdly
             upbraiding
             him
             ,
             he
             ,
             so
             provoked
             ,
             and
             fired
             with
             Ambition
             ,
             took
             upon
             him
             the
             Charge
             ;
             and
             said
             farther
             ,
             That
             
               once
               within
               Twenty
               days
               after
               he
               embarqu'd
               ,
               he
               would
               either
               kill
               the
               Enemy
               upon
               the
               place
               ,
               or
               bring
               them
               alive
               to
            
             Athens
             .
             This
             the
             Athenians
             were
             readier
             to
             laugh
             at
             ,
             than
             to
             believe
             ,
             for
             on
             other
             occasions
             ,
             his
             Flashes
             and
             Extravagances
             used
             to
             make
             them
             sport
             ,
             and
             were
             pleasant
             enough
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             Instance
             ,
             't
             is
             reported
             that
             once
             when
             the
             People
             were
             assembled
             ,
             and
             had
             waited
             his
             coming
             a
             long
             time
             ,
             at
             last
             he
             enters
             with
             a
             Garland
             on
             his
             Head
             ,
             and
             prays
             them
             to
             Adjourn
             to
             the
             next
             day
             ,
             For
             
             (
             quoth
             he
             )
             
               I
               am
               not
               at
               leisure
               to
               day
               ,
               I
               have
               Sacrificed
               to
               the
               Gods
               ,
               and
               am
               to
               Feast
               my
               Strangers
               .
            
             Whereat
             the
             Athenians
             laughing
             ,
             rose
             up
             ,
             and
             dissolved
             the
             Assembly
             :
             However
             ,
             at
             this
             time
             he
             had
             the
             lucky
             hit
             ,
             and
             Commanded
             so
             Gallantly
             ,
             in
             Conjunction
             with
             Demosthenes
             ,
             that
             within
             the
             time
             he
             had
             limited
             ,
             he
             carried
             Captive
             to
             Athens
             all
             the
             Spartans
             that
             had
             not
             fall'n
             in
             Battel
             .
          
           
             This
             brought
             an
             horrible
             Disgrace
             on
             Nicias
             ;
             for
             this
             was
             not
             to
             
               throw
               away
               his
               Shield
            
             ,
             but
             something
             more
             foul
             and
             Ignominious
             ,
             to
             quit
             his
             Charge
             voluntarily
             out
             of
             Cowardice
             ,
             and
             by
             yielding
             up
             his
             Command
             ,
             of
             his
             own
             accord
             ,
             to
             put
             into
             his
             Enemies
             hand
             the
             opportunity
             of
             Atchieving
             so
             brave
             an
             Action
             .
          
           
             Aristophanes
             has
             a
             fling
             at
             him
             on
             this
             occasion
             ,
             in
             his
             Birds
             ,
             saying
             thus
             ,
          
           
             
               No
               time
               ,
               by
               Jove
               ,
               is
               left
               for
               us
               to
               snort
               in
               ,
            
             
               Nor
               to
               be
               restif
               like
               Nicias
               .
               —
            
          
           
             
               In
               his
               Husbandmen
               ,
               he
               says
               thus
               ,
            
             
               A.
               I
               VVou'd
               be
               telling
               .
               B.
               VVell
               ,
               And
               who
               hinders
               thee
               ?
            
             
               A.
               You
               ,
               yet
               wou'd
               I
               give
               an
               Hundred
               Marks
            
             
             
               That
               you
               wou'd
               rid
               my
               hands
               of
               the
               Charge
               .
            
             
               B.
               Content
               ,
               with
               those
               of
               Nicias
               they
               will
               make
               Two
               hundred
               .
            
          
           
             Besides
             all
             this
             ,
             he
             did
             a
             vast
             prejudice
             to
             the
             City
             ,
             by
             suffering
             the
             Accession
             of
             so
             great
             Reputation
             and
             Power
             to
             Cleon
             ;
             whereby
             he
             assumed
             that
             Turbulent
             Spirit
             ,
             and
             unbridled
             Impudence
             ,
             and
             opened
             the
             Door
             for
             greater
             Mischief
             to
             the
             Common-wealth
             ;
             whereof
             a
             sufficient
             part
             fell
             to
             his
             own
             share
             :
             For
             now
             Cleon
             banisht
             away
             all
             Decorum
             from
             the
             Pulpit
             ,
             and
             first
             of
             all
             broke
             out
             into
             Exclamations
             ,
             flung
             open
             his
             Cloak
             ,
             smote
             his
             Thigh
             ,
             and
             ran
             up
             and
             down
             whilst
             he
             was
             speaking
             ,
             which
             soon
             after
             introduced
             amongst
             those
             who
             managed
             the
             Affairs
             of
             State
             ,
             such
             License
             and
             Contempt
             of
             decency
             ,
             as
             brought
             all
             into
             Confusion
             .
          
           
             Now
             also
             grew
             up
             at
             
               Athens
               ,
               Alcibiades
            
             ,
             
             such
             another
             Common-wealth-Man
             ,
             tho
             not
             altogether
             so
             unruly
             .
             But
             as
             the
             Land
             of
             Egypt
             ,
             which
             through
             the
             Richness
             of
             the
             Soyl
             ,
             is
             said
             ,
          
           
             
               Great
               Plenty
               to
               produce
               ,
            
             
               Both
               wholesome
               Herbs
               ,
               and
               Drugs
               of
               deadly
               Juyce
               .
            
          
           
             So
             the
             Nature
             of
             Alcibiades
             ,
             was
             strong
             and
             luxuriant
             in
             both
             kinds
             ;
             and
             made
             way
             for
             
             a
             great
             many
             Innovations
             .
             Whereby
             it
             fell
             out
             ,
             that
             after
             Nicias
             had
             got
             his
             hands
             clear
             of
             Cleon
             ,
             yet
             had
             he
             not
             opportunity
             to
             settle
             the
             City
             perfectly
             in
             quietness
             .
             For
             having
             brought
             Matters
             to
             a
             pretty
             fair
             pass
             ,
             all
             was
             dash'd
             and
             plung'd
             again
             into
             Confusion
             by
             Alcibiades
             ,
             through
             the
             Wildness
             and
             Extravagance
             of
             his
             Ambition
             ;
             and
             he
             embroyled
             again
             in
             War
             worse
             than
             ever
             .
             Which
             sell
             out
             thus
             .
          
           
             They
             who
             principally
             hindred
             the
             Peace
             ,
             were
             Cleon
             and
             Crasidas
             ;
             War
             setting
             off
             the
             Vertue
             of
             the
             one
             ,
             and
             hiding
             the
             Villainy
             of
             the
             other
             ;
             it
             gave
             to
             the
             one
             occasions
             of
             Atchieving
             brave
             Actions
             ,
             to
             the
             other
             of
             Committing
             enormous
             Crimes
             .
             Now
             when
             these
             two
             were
             in
             one
             Battel
             both
             slain
             near
             
               Amphipolis
               ;
               Nicias
            
             having
             perceived
             that
             the
             Spartans
             had
             long
             been
             desirous
             of
             a
             Peace
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Athenians
             had
             no
             great
             Stomach
             to
             the
             War
             ;
             both
             being
             alike
             tyred
             ,
             and
             (
             as
             it
             were
             by
             consent
             )
             laying
             down
             their
             Arms
             :
             He
             therefore
             in
             this
             nick
             of
             time
             ,
             employs
             all
             his
             Might
             to
             make
             a
             Friendship
             betwixt
             these
             two
             Cities
             ,
             and
             to
             deliver
             the
             other
             States
             of
             Greece
             from
             the
             Evils
             and
             Calamities
             they
             laboured
             under
             ,
             and
             so
             establish
             their
             Happiness
             to
             after
             Ages
             .
             He
             found
             the
             Men
             of
             Substance
             ,
             the
             Aged
             Men
             ,
             and
             the
             Husbandmen
             generally
             all
             inclined
             to
             
             Peace
             ;
             besides
             many
             others
             ,
             by
             discoursing
             in
             private
             ,
             and
             by
             Informing
             them
             ,
             he
             brought
             over
             ,
             to
             be
             not
             so
             very
             Keen
             for
             a
             War.
             Whereupon
             he
             now
             encouraged
             the
             Hopes
             of
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ,
             counselled
             them
             ,
             and
             put
             them
             upon
             it
             to
             seek
             Peace
             .
             They
             confided
             in
             him
             ,
             as
             being
             on
             other
             Occasions
             ,
             a
             moderate
             Man
             ;
             and
             because
             of
             his
             Kindness
             and
             tender
             Care
             over
             the
             Prisoners
             ,
             taken
             at
             Pylos
             ,
             and
             in
             Chains
             ,
             making
             their
             Misfortune
             the
             more
             easie
             upon
             them
             .
          
           
             The
             Athenians
             and
             the
             Spartans
             had
             before
             this
             ,
             concluded
             amongst
             themselves
             ,
             a
             Cessation
             for
             a
             Year
             ,
             whereby
             conversing
             with
             one
             another
             ,
             they
             tasted
             again
             the
             sweetness
             of
             Peace
             and
             Security
             ;
             and
             mingling
             together
             Familiars
             and
             Strangers
             ,
             they
             wisht
             an
             end
             of
             that
             fighting
             and
             Blood-shed
             .
             And
             with
             delight
             heard
             the
             Chorus
             sing
             such
             as
             this
             ,
          
           
             
               Rest
               my
               Launce
               ,
               and
               no
               man
               mind
               thee
               ,
            
             
               Till
               around
               the
               Cobwebs
               bind
               thee
               .
            
          
           
             And
             with
             joy
             remembred
             that
             saying
             ,
             
               They
               who
               sleep
               in
               peace
               ,
               are
               awaked
               by
               the
               Cocks-Crow
               ,
               not
               by
               the
               Trumpet
               .
            
             And
             on
             the
             same
             score
             they
             curst
             and
             kickt
             them
             out
             of
             Company
             ,
             who
             said
             that
             the
             Fates
             
             
               decreed
               this
               to
               be
               a
               War
               of
               thrice
               nine
               Years
               .
            
          
           
             It
             followed
             afterwards
             ,
             that
             all
             points
             having
             been
             debated
             ,
             they
             made
             a
             Peace
             .
             And
             most
             People
             thought
             ,
             now
             ,
             indeed
             they
             had
             got
             an
             end
             of
             all
             their
             Evils
             :
             And
             Nicias
             was
             in
             every
             Man's
             mouth
             ,
             as
             one
             especially
             beloved
             of
             the
             Gods
             ,
             who
             for
             his
             Piety
             and
             Devotion
             ,
             had
             given
             him
             to
             bear
             the
             same
             Name
             with
             the
             fairest
             and
             greatest
             of
             all
             Blessings
             ;
             For
             in
             Truth
             ,
             they
             called
             the
             Peace
             
             Nicias's
             work
             ,
             as
             the
             War
             
               the
               Work
               of
            
             Pericles
             :
             Because
             on
             very
             light
             occasions
             he
             seemed
             to
             have
             plunged
             the
             Grecians
             into
             very
             great
             Calamities
             :
             Whereas
             Nicias
             perswaded
             them
             to
             forget
             the
             highest
             injuries
             ,
             that
             they
             might
             be
             Friends
             :
             Wherefore
             they
             call
             that
             to
             this
             day
             
               the
               Nician
               Peace
            
             .
          
           
             The
             Articles
             being
             ,
             that
             the
             Garrisons
             and
             Towns
             ,
             taken
             on
             either
             side
             ,
             and
             the
             Prisoners
             should
             be
             restored
             ,
             and
             they
             to
             restore
             the
             first
             to
             whom
             it
             should
             fall
             by
             Lot
             ;
             now
             (
             as
             Theophrastus
             tells
             us
             )
             Nicias
             secretly
             purchas'd
             with
             Money
             the
             Lot
             for
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             to
             deliver
             the
             first
             .
          
           
             Afterwards
             when
             the
             Corinthians
             and
             the
             Boeotians
             shewed
             their
             dislike
             of
             what
             was
             done
             ,
             and
             by
             their
             Complaints
             and
             Accusations
             well
             nigh
             brought
             back
             again
             the
             War
             upon
             them
             ,
             
               Nicias
               perswaded
               the
               Athenians
            
             
             and
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ,
             besides
             the
             Peace
             ,
             to
             make
             a
             League
             offensive
             and
             defensive
             ,
             which
             would
             
               be
               such
               a
               tye
               and
               strength
               to
               them
               ,
               as
               should
               make
               them
               more
               Terrible
               to
               those
               that
               held
               out
               ,
               and
               be
               the
               firmer
               to
               each
               other
               .
            
          
           
             Whilst
             these
             matters
             were
             on
             Foot
             ,
             Alcibiades
             ,
             who
             was
             not
             of
             an
             Humour
             to
             be
             quiet
             ,
             and
             who
             hated
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ,
             because
             of
             their
             Applications
             to
             Nicias
             ,
             and
             that
             they
             attended
             him
             ,
             but
             overlookt
             and
             despised
             Alcibiades
             .
             Yet
             from
             first
             to
             last
             ,
             he
             heartily
             opposed
             the
             Peace
             ,
             tho'
             all
             in
             vain
             .
             Till
             some
             time
             afterwards
             ,
             finding
             that
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             did
             not
             altogether
             come
             up
             to
             please
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             but
             seemed
             to
             do
             them
             Injustice
             in
             having
             made
             a
             League
             offensive
             and
             defensive
             with
             the
             Boeotians
             ,
             and
             had
             not
             observed
             the
             Agreement
             so
             fully
             in
             the
             delivery
             of
             Penactus
             ,
             nor
             yet
             of
             Anthipolis
             ,
             he
             laid
             hold
             on
             these
             Occasions
             for
             his
             purpose
             ,
             and
             from
             every
             trifle
             instigated
             the
             People
             .
             At
             the
             length
             taking
             aside
             the
             Ambassadours
             of
             the
             Argives
             ,
             he
             endeavoured
             to
             bring
             them
             over
             into
             a
             Confederacy
             with
             the
             Athenians
             .
          
           
             But
             afterwards
             when
             the
             Lacedaemonian
             Ambassadours
             were
             come
             with
             
               full
               Powers
            
             ,
             and
             at
             their
             first
             Audience
             by
             the
             Council
             ,
             they
             seemed
             to
             come
             in
             all
             Points
             ,
             
             with
             just
             Proposals
             :
             He
             ,
             fearing
             that
             the
             People
             would
             be
             drawn
             to
             be
             of
             their
             Mind
             ,
             Circumvented
             the
             Ambassadours
             ,
             topping
             upon
             them
             ,
             and
             swearing
             that
             he
             was
             ready
             to
             assist
             them
             in
             all
             things
             ,
             provided
             that
             they
             would
             not
             confess
             that
             they
             came
             with
             
               full
               Powers
            
             ,
             that
             being
             the
             only
             way
             for
             them
             to
             attain
             their
             Desires
             .
          
           
             They
             being
             over-perswaded
             ,
             and
             decoyed
             from
             Nicias
             ,
             to
             follow
             him
             ,
             he
             Presented
             them
             to
             the
             Assembly
             ,
             and
             asked
             them
             presently
             whether
             or
             no
             they
             came
             in
             all
             Points
             with
             
               full
               Powers
            
             ,
             which
             when
             they
             denyed
             ,
             he
             ,
             contrary
             to
             their
             Expectation
             ,
             changing
             his
             Countenance
             ,
             called
             the
             Council
             to
             witness
             their
             Words
             and
             now
             bids
             the
             People
             ,
             
               Beware
               how
               they
               trust
               ,
               or
               transact
               any
               thing
               with
               such
               manifest
               Lyars
               :
               Who
               now
               affirm
               this
               ,
               now
               the
               quite
               contrary
               of
               the
               very
               same
               thing
               .
            
             These
             Plenipotentiaries
             (
             as
             well-they
             might
             )
             being
             astonisht
             at
             this
             ,
             and
             Nicias
             at
             a
             loss
             what
             to
             say
             being
             struck
             with
             Amazement
             and
             Wonder
             ,
             the
             Assembly
             resolved
             to
             send
             away
             immediately
             for
             the
             Argives
             ,
             to
             strike
             up
             a
             League
             with
             them
             .
             But
             an
             Earth-quake
             ,
             which
             interrupted
             and
             brake
             the
             Assembly
             ,
             made
             for
             
             Nicias's
             advantage
             :
             For
             the
             next
             day
             the
             People
             being
             again
             assembled
             ,
             after
             ,
             many
             Speeches
             ,
             and
             great
             Canvassing
             and
             Solliciting
             ,
             with
             much
             ado
             he
             brought
             it
             about
             
             that
             the
             Treaty
             with
             the
             Argives
             ,
             should
             be
             deferred
             ,
             and
             he
             be
             sent
             to
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ,
             he
             promising
             that
             so
             all
             would
             go
             well
             .
          
           
             When
             he
             arrived
             at
             Sparta
             ,
             they
             received
             
             him
             there
             as
             a
             good
             Man
             ,
             and
             one
             well-inclined
             towards
             them
             ;
             yet
             he
             effected
             nothing
             ,
             but
             overcome
             by
             them
             that
             favoured
             the
             Boeotians
             ,
             he
             returned
             home
             ,
             not
             only
             Dishonoured
             ,
             and
             hardly
             spoken
             of
             ,
             but
             likewise
             in
             fear
             of
             the
             Athenians
             :
             who
             were
             vext
             and
             enraged
             ,
             that
             through
             his
             Perswasions
             they
             had
             let
             go
             so
             many
             ,
             and
             so
             considerable
             Persons
             ;
             for
             they
             who
             had
             been
             brought
             from
             Pylos
             ,
             were
             of
             the
             chiefest
             Families
             of
             Sparta
             ,
             and
             had
             the
             highest
             there
             in
             Place
             and
             Power
             ,
             for
             their
             Friends
             and
             Kindred
             .
          
           
             Yet
             did
             they
             not
             in
             their
             heat
             proceed
             against
             him
             ,
             otherwise
             than
             that
             they
             chose
             Alcibiades
             their
             General
             ,
             and
             took
             the
             Mantineans
             and
             Eleans
             (
             who
             had
             revolted
             from
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             )
             into
             the
             League
             ,
             together
             with
             the
             Argives
             :
             And
             sent
             to
             
               Pylos
               Free-Booters
            
             to
             infest
             Laconia
             ,
             whereby
             the
             War
             began
             to
             break
             out
             afresh
             .
          
           
             But
             the
             Enmity
             betwixt
             Nicias
             and
             Alcibiades
             ,
             running
             higher
             and
             higher
             ,
             and
             the
             time
             at
             hand
             for
             decreeing
             the
             Ostracism
             (
             or
             
             Banishment
             for
             ten
             Years
             ,
             which
             the
             People
             
             putting
             the
             Name
             in
             a
             Shell
             ,
             were
             wont
             to
             inflict
             at
             certain
             times
             ,
             on
             some
             Person
             suspected
             ,
             or
             otherwise
             envied
             for
             his
             Popularity
             or
             Wealth
             )
             on
             which
             occasion
             very
             much
             Trouble
             and
             Danger
             attended
             them
             both
             ,
             one
             of
             them
             (
             in
             all
             likelihood
             )
             being
             to
             undergo
             this
             Ostracism
             ,
             for
             the
             People
             did
             abominate
             the
             Life
             of
             Alcibiades
             ,
             but
             stood
             in
             fear
             of
             his
             Boldness
             and
             Resolution
             ;
             as
             is
             shewn
             particularly
             in
             the
             History
             of
             him
             .
          
           
             Then
             for
             Nicias
             ,
             his
             Riches
             made
             him
             envied
             ,
             and
             besides
             more
             especially
             ,
             his
             course
             of
             Life
             seemed
             neither
             Popular
             nor
             Civil
             ,
             but
             reserved
             ,
             unsociable
             ,
             and
             austere
             .
             And
             now
             because
             he
             strongly
             (
             against
             the
             Grain
             )
             opposed
             their
             Inclinations
             ,
             forcing
             them
             against
             their
             Interest
             ,
             they
             hated
             him
             .
          
           
             To
             speak
             plainly
             ,
             it
             was
             a
             Contest
             of
             the
             young
             Men
             and
             Soldiers
             of
             Fortune
             ,
             against
             the
             men
             of
             Years
             ,
             and
             Lovers
             of
             Peace
             ,
             they
             turning
             the
             Ostracism
             upon
             the
             one
             ,
             these
             upon
             the
             other
             .
          
           
             
               Into
               Divisions
               when
               the
               People
               fall
               ,
            
             
               The
               choice
               oft
               lights
               on
               the
               worst
               Man
               of
               all
               .
            
          
           
             As
             now
             it
             happened
             ,
             that
             the
             City
             distracted
             into
             two
             Factions
             ,
             preferred
             the
             most
             impudent
             and
             profligate
             Persons
             :
             Amongst
             
             whom
             was
             Hyperbolus
             of
             Perithus
             .
             A
             fellow
             
             not
             presuming
             from
             any
             Power
             ,
             but
             from
             his
             Presumption
             rising
             into
             Power
             ;
             and
             by
             the
             Honour
             he
             found
             in
             the
             City
             ,
             becoming
             the
             Scandal
             of
             it
             .
          
           
             He
             at
             this
             time
             thought
             himself
             far
             enough
             from
             the
             Ostracism
             ,
             as
             more
             properly
             deserving
             the
             Gallows
             ,
             and
             made
             account
             that
             one
             of
             these
             men
             being
             dispatched
             out
             of
             the
             way
             ,
             he
             might
             be
             able
             to
             Bandy
             against
             the
             other
             that
             should
             be
             left
             ;
             he
             openly
             shew'd
             himself
             to
             rejoyce
             at
             the
             Dissention
             ,
             and
             stirred
             the
             People
             against
             both
             of
             them
             .
             Nicias
             and
             Alcibiades
             ,
             perceiving
             his
             Malice
             ,
             did
             secretly
             combine
             together
             ,
             and
             setting
             both
             Interests
             jointly
             at
             work
             ,
             did
             prevail
             that
             neither
             of
             them
             both
             ,
             but
             even
             Hyperbolus
             should
             undergo
             the
             Ostracism
             .
          
           
             This
             indeed
             at
             the
             first
             made
             sport
             ,
             and
             raised
             Laughter
             amongst
             the
             People
             ,
             but
             afterwards
             they
             took
             it
             in
             great
             Indignation
             ,
             as
             having
             injured
             the
             thing
             by
             so
             unworthy
             a
             Fellow
             ,
             there
             being
             a
             kind
             of
             Honour
             in
             this
             Punishment
             ;
             looking
             upon
             the
             Ostracism
             as
             a
             Punishment
             rather
             for
             
               Themistocles
               ,
               Aristides
            
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             Persons
             .
             But
             for
             Hyperbolus
             't
             was
             a
             Glory
             ,
             and
             a
             fair
             Pretence
             for
             him
             to
             boast
             ,
             when
             for
             his
             Villainy
             he
             suffered
             the
             same
             with
             the
             best
             Men
             :
             As
             Plato
             the
             Comick
             Poet
             said
             of
             him
             ,
          
           
             
             
               He
               suffers
               what
               was
               for
               ill
               manners
               fit
               ,
            
             
               Vnfit
               for
               him
               ,
               unfit
               for
               branded
               Villains
               ,
            
             
               Ostracism
               was
               not
               meant
               for
               such
               as
               he
               .
            
          
           
             And
             in
             Fact
             ,
             none
             ever
             afterwards
             suffered
             this
             sort
             of
             Banishment
             ,
             but
             Hyperbolus
             was
             the
             last
             .
             Hipparchus
             the
             Cholargian
             (
             who
             was
             of
             kin
             to
             the
             Tyrant
             )
             was
             the
             first
             .
          
           
             There
             is
             no
             judgment
             to
             be
             made
             of
             Fortune
             ;
             't
             is
             not
             to
             be
             comprehended
             by
             reason
             :
             For
             if
             Nicias
             had
             run
             the
             risk
             with
             Alcibiades
             whether
             of
             the
             two
             should
             undergo
             the
             Ostracism
             ,
             he
             had
             either
             prevailed
             ,
             and
             (
             his
             Rival
             expelled
             the
             City
             )
             he
             had
             remained
             secure
             ;
             or
             being
             overcome
             ,
             he
             had
             avoided
             the
             utmost
             Disasters
             ,
             and
             preserved
             the
             Reputation
             of
             a
             most
             excellent
             Commander
             .
          
           
             I
             am
             not
             ignorant
             that
             Theophrastus
             says
             ,
             Hyperbolus
             was
             banish'd
             ;
             Phaeax
             ,
             not
             Nicias
             ,
             contesting
             it
             with
             Alcibiades
             ;
             but
             most
             Authors
             differ
             from
             him
             .
          
           
             When
             the
             Egestan
             and
             Leontin
             Ambassadors
             arrived
             ,
             and
             perswaded
             the
             Athenians
             to
             make
             War
             upon
             
               Sicily
               ,
               Nicias
            
             opposed
             them
             ,
             but
             was
             run
             down
             by
             the
             Perswasions
             and
             Ambition
             of
             Alcibiades
             ;
             who
             even
             before
             the
             People
             could
             be
             assembled
             ,
             entertained
             and
             corrupted
             them
             with
             Hopes
             
             and
             with
             Speeches
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             the
             young
             Men
             at
             their
             Sports
             ,
             and
             the
             old
             Men
             in
             their
             Porches
             ,
             and
             sitting
             together
             on
             the
             Benches
             ,
             would
             be
             drawing
             Maps
             of
             Sicily
             ,
             and
             making
             Charts
             ,
             describing
             the
             Seas
             ,
             the
             Harbors
             ,
             and
             Places
             that
             this
             Isle
             shews
             opposite
             to
             the
             African
             Shore
             :
             For
             they
             made
             not
             Sicily
             the
             end
             of
             the
             War
             ,
             but
             the
             Magazine
             from
             whence
             they
             might
             carry
             it
             to
             the
             Carthaginians
             ,
             and
             be
             Masters
             of
             Africk
             ,
             and
             of
             all
             the
             Seas
             ,
             even
             to
             
             Hercules's
             Pillars
             .
          
           
             Now
             therefore
             the
             Bulk
             of
             the
             People
             pressing
             this
             way
             ,
             
             Nicias's
             Party
             ,
             who
             opposed
             them
             ,
             was
             neither
             many
             ,
             nor
             of
             much
             Interest
             ;
             for
             the
             Men
             of
             Substance
             (
             fearing
             lest
             they
             should
             seem
             to
             decline
             the
             Publick
             Charges
             ,
             and
             Ship
             money
             )
             were
             quiet
             ,
             against
             their
             Inclination
             ,
             yet
             was
             not
             he
             tired
             ,
             nor
             gave
             off
             ;
             but
             when
             the
             Athenians
             decreed
             a
             War
             ,
             and
             chose
             him
             in
             the
             first
             place
             General
             ,
             together
             with
             Alcibiades
             and
             Lamachus
             ,
             when
             they
             were
             again
             assembled
             ,
             he
             stood
             up
             ,
             disswaded
             
             them
             ,
             and
             protested
             against
             the
             War
             ;
             and
             impeach'd
             Alcibiades
             ,
             charging
             him
             
               with
               going
               about
               to
               involve
               the
               City
               in
               Foreign
               Dangers
               and
               Difficulties
               ,
               merely
               out
               of
               respect
               to
               his
               private
               Lucre
               and
               Ambition
               .
            
             Yet
             it
             came
             to
             nothing
             :
             For
             Nicias
             ,
             because
             of
             his
             Experience
             ,
             was
             look'd
             upon
             as
             the
             fitter
             
             for
             the
             Employment
             ;
             his
             Wariness
             ,
             with
             the
             Bravery
             of
             Alcibiades
             ,
             and
             the
             mildness
             of
             Lamachus
             ,
             all
             mix'd
             together
             ,
             promis'd
             great
             Security
             ,
             and
             very
             much
             promoted
             the
             Suffrages
             :
             So
             that
             Demostratus
             (
             who
             ,
             of
             the
             leading
             Men
             ,
             chiefly
             press'd
             the
             Athenians
             to
             the
             Expedition
             )
             stood
             up
             and
             said
             ,
             
               He
               would
               stop
               the
               Mouth
               of
            
             Nicias
             
               from
               urging
               any
               more
               Excuses
            
             ;
             and
             thereupon
             mov'd
             that
             the
             Generals
             might
             
               have
               absolute
               Power
               ,
               both
               at
               home
               and
               abroad
               ,
               to
               Order
               and
               to
               Act
               what
               they
               list
               .
            
             And
             this
             he
             got
             pass'd
             into
             a
             Law.
             
          
           
             However
             ,
             the
             Priests
             are
             said
             to
             have
             very
             earnestly
             opposed
             this
             Enterprize
             .
             But
             Alcibiades
             had
             his
             Divines
             of
             another
             Cut
             ,
             who
             from
             some
             old
             Prophecies
             foretold
             the
             Athenians
             
               to
               get
               great
               renown
               from
            
             Sicily
             .
             And
             certain
             Pilgrims
             came
             back
             to
             him
             from
             
               Jupiter
               Ammon
            
             ,
             with
             Oracles
             importing
             that
             the
             Athenians
             
               should
               take
               all
               the
            
             Syracusians
             .
          
           
             They
             who
             knew
             any
             thing
             that
             boded
             
             ill
             ,
             concealed
             it
             ,
             lest
             they
             might
             seem
             to
             forespeak
             ill
             Luck
             ;
             for
             even
             Prodigies
             that
             were
             obvious
             and
             plain
             ,
             would
             not
             deterr
             them
             ;
             nor
             the
             defacing
             of
             the
             Hermae
             ,
             all
             in
             one
             Night
             maimed
             ,
             save
             only
             that
             one
             ,
             called
             the
             Herma
             of
             Andocides
             ,
             erected
             by
             the
             Aegean
             Tribe
             ,
             placed
             then
             directly
             before
             the
             House
             of
             Andocides
             ,
             nor
             what
             was
             
             perpetrated
             on
             the
             Altar
             of
             the
             
               twelve
               Gods
            
             ,
             where
             a
             certain
             man
             leapt
             suddenly
             upon
             the
             Altar
             ,
             and
             then
             turning
             round
             ,
             with
             a
             stone
             cut
             off
             his
             Privities
             .
             Likewise
             at
             Delphos
             there
             stood
             a
             Golden
             Image
             of
             Minerva
             in
             a
             Palm-tree
             of
             Brass
             ,
             erected
             by
             the
             City
             of
             Athens
             ,
             for
             the
             Spoils
             they
             won
             from
             the
             Medes
             ;
             this
             was
             peckt
             at
             several
             days
             together
             by
             Crows
             flying
             upon
             it
             ,
             and
             they
             pluckt
             off
             the
             Fruit
             of
             the
             Palm-tree
             ,
             which
             was
             Gold
             ,
             and
             threw
             it
             down
             .
             But
             the
             Athenians
             said
             ,
             
               these
               were
               all
               but
               Tricks
               of
               the
            
             Delphians
             ,
             
               corrupted
               by
               the
               Men
               of
            
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             And
             a
             certain
             Oracle
             requiring
             them
             to
             bring
             from
             Clazomene
             a
             She-priest
             of
             Minerva
             (
             whom
             they
             now
             sent
             for
             )
             named
             Hesychia
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             Quietness
             ,
             hereby
             ,
             't
             is
             likely
             ,
             the
             Divine
             Powers
             advised
             the
             City
             at
             this
             time
             to
             be
             quiet
             .
          
           
             Whether
             therefore
             the
             Astrologer
             Meton
             
             feared
             these
             Presages
             ,
             or
             that
             from
             Humane
             reason
             he
             doubted
             the
             Success
             (
             for
             he
             was
             appointed
             a
             Commander
             )
             he
             feigning
             himself
             mad
             ,
             set
             his
             house
             on
             fire
             .
             Others
             say
             ,
             he
             did
             not
             counterfeit
             himself
             mad
             ,
             but
             set
             his
             house
             on
             fire
             in
             the
             Night
             ,
             and
             the
             next
             Morning
             went
             into
             the
             Court
             in
             woful
             plight
             ,
             and
             beseeched
             the
             People
             in
             Consideration
             of
             the
             sad
             Disaster
             ,
             to
             release
             his
             Son
             from
             the
             Service
             ,
             who
             was
             about
             
             to
             go
             Captain
             of
             a
             Gally
             for
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             Moreover
             the
             Genius
             of
             the
             Wise
             Socrates
             ,
             
             by
             the
             usual
             Tokens
             ,
             revealed
             all
             this
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             that
             this
             Expedition
             would
             prove
             the
             Ruin
             of
             the
             Common-wealth
             ;
             the
             which
             he
             imparted
             again
             to
             his
             Friends
             and
             Familiars
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             it
             spread
             about
             amongst
             the
             People
             .
          
           
             And
             not
             a
             few
             were
             troubled
             ,
             because
             of
             the
             days
             on
             which
             the
             Fleet
             set
             Sail
             ,
             it
             hapning
             to
             be
             at
             that
             time
             when
             the
             Women
             celebrated
             the
             Funeral
             of
             Adonis
             ;
             there
             being
             every
             where
             then
             exposed
             to
             view
             Images
             of
             dead
             Men
             ,
             carried
             about
             with
             Mourning
             and
             Lamentation
             ,
             and
             Women
             beating
             their
             Breasts
             :
             So
             that
             such
             as
             lay
             any
             stress
             on
             these
             Matters
             ,
             were
             extreamly
             troubled
             ;
             and
             feared
             lest
             that
             all
             these
             Warlike
             Preparations
             ,
             so
             Splendid
             and
             so
             Glorious
             ,
             should
             suddenly
             ,
             in
             a
             little
             time
             be
             blasted
             ,
             and
             come
             to
             nothing
             .
          
           
             Now
             for
             Nicias
             ,
             in
             that
             he
             opposed
             the
             Voting
             of
             this
             Expedition
             ,
             and
             neither
             was
             puft
             up
             with
             Hopes
             ,
             nor
             transported
             with
             the
             Honour
             of
             his
             high
             Command
             ,
             he
             show'd
             himself
             Wise
             ,
             and
             a
             man
             of
             Constancy
             :
             But
             when
             his
             endeavours
             could
             not
             divert
             the
             People
             from
             the
             War
             ,
             nor
             get
             leave
             himself
             to
             be
             discharged
             of
             the
             Command
             ,
             but
             the
             People
             ,
             as
             it
             were
             ,
             violently
             forced
             him
             against
             his
             Will
             ,
             to
             be
             their
             General
             ,
             
             this
             was
             no
             longer
             now
             a
             time
             for
             his
             mighty
             Caution
             ,
             and
             his
             Delays
             ,
             or
             for
             him
             (
             even
             like
             a
             Child
             )
             to
             look
             back
             from
             the
             Ship
             ,
             often
             repeating
             ,
             and
             reflecting
             over
             and
             over
             again
             ,
             how
             that
             
               he
               had
               not
               been
               over-ruled
               by
               Reasons
               ,
            
             thereby
             blunting
             the
             Courage
             of
             his
             Fellow-Commanders
             ,
             and
             losing
             the
             nick
             of
             time
             for
             Action
             .
             VVhereas
             he
             ought
             presently
             to
             have
             rusht
             upon
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             brought
             the
             matter
             to
             an
             issue
             ,
             and
             thrown
             all
             upon
             Fortune
             immediately
             .
          
           
             But
             when
             Lamachus
             had
             counsell'd
             to
             Sail
             directly
             to
             Syracuse
             ,
             and
             give
             the
             Enemy
             Battel
             under
             their
             City-Walls
             :
             And
             Alcibiades
             advised
             to
             cut
             off
             their
             Communication
             with
             the
             other
             Towns
             ,
             and
             then
             to
             march
             against
             them
             ;
             Nicias
             dissented
             from
             them
             both
             ,
             and
             stiffly
             insisted
             that
             they
             should
             Cruise
             around
             the
             Island
             ,
             and
             alarm
             the
             Coasts
             ,
             and
             having
             Landed
             a
             small
             supply
             of
             men
             for
             the
             Egesteans
             ,
             return
             to
             Athens
             .
             Thus
             he
             distracted
             their
             Counsels
             ,
             and
             cast
             down
             the
             Spirits
             of
             the
             men
             .
          
           
             And
             a
             little
             while
             after
             ,
             (
             the
             Athenians
             having
             called
             home
             Alcibiades
             in
             Order
             to
             his
             Tryal
             )
             he
             being
             ,
             though
             joyned
             with
             another
             in
             Commission
             ,
             in
             effect
             the
             only
             General
             ,
             made
             now
             no
             end
             of
             Loytering
             ,
             of
             Cruising
             ,
             and
             Considering
             ,
             till
             their
             hopes
             were
             grown
             stale
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             Disorder
             
             and
             Consternation
             which
             the
             first
             approach
             and
             view
             of
             their
             Forces
             had
             cast
             amongst
             the
             Enemy
             was
             worn
             off
             ,
             and
             had
             left
             them
             .
          
           
             VVhilst
             yet
             Alcibiades
             was
             with
             the
             Fleet
             ,
             they
             went
             before
             Syracuse
             with
             a
             squadron
             of
             sixty
             Gallies
             ,
             fifty
             of
             them
             were
             kept
             in
             Battalia
             without
             the
             Haven
             ,
             the
             other
             ten
             forced
             their
             way
             in
             to
             make
             discovery
             .
             And
             by
             an
             Herald
             they
             demanded
             the
             Leontins
             to
             be
             sent
             home
             .
          
           
             These
             scouts
             took
             a
             Gally
             of
             the
             Enemies
             ,
             wherein
             they
             found
             certain
             Tablets
             ,
             on
             which
             was
             set
             down
             a
             List
             of
             all
             the
             Syracusians
             ,
             according
             to
             their
             Tribes
             .
             These
             were
             wont
             to
             be
             laid
             up
             remote
             from
             the
             City
             ,
             in
             the
             Temple
             of
             
               Jupiter
               Olympius
            
             ,
             but
             were
             now
             brought
             forth
             to
             furnish
             a
             Muster-Roll
             of
             young
             Men
             for
             the
             War.
             These
             being
             so
             taken
             by
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             and
             carried
             to
             the
             Officers
             ,
             and
             the
             multitude
             of
             Names
             appearing
             ,
             the
             Divines
             put
             an
             ill
             Construction
             upon
             't
             ,
             as
             if
             hereby
             were
             fulfill'd
             the
             Old
             Prophecy
             ,
             
               That
               the
            
             Athenians
             
               shall
               take
               all
               the
            
             Syracusians
             .
             Yet
             indeed
             this
             was
             said
             to
             be
             accomplisht
             by
             the
             Athenians
             at
             another
             bout
             ,
             that
             time
             when
             Callipus
             the
             Athenian
             having
             slain
             Dion
             ,
             held
             Syrucuse
             .
          
           
             But
             when
             Alcibiades
             and
             a
             few
             with
             him
             were
             shipt
             off
             from
             Sicily
             ,
             the
             Command
             
             fell
             wholly
             to
             Nicias
             ;
             for
             Lamachus
             
             handled
             his
             Weapon
             in
             fight
             with
             great
             Dexterity
             ,
             was
             stout
             ,
             and
             very
             honest
             ,
             yet
             so
             extremely
             Poor
             and
             Low
             ,
             that
             as
             often
             as
             the
             Athenians
             bestowed
             on
             him
             a
             Command
             ,
             he
             would
             always
             to
             their
             Account
             ,
             bring
             some
             little
             reckoning
             or
             other
             of
             Money
             for
             his
             very
             Cloaths
             ,
             and
             Shooes
             to
             his
             Feet
             .
             On
             the
             Contrary
             ,
             Nicias
             ,
             as
             in
             other
             matters
             ,
             in
             Riches
             and
             Ostentation
             carried
             it
             high
             .
          
           
             'T
             is
             said
             ,
             that
             once
             upon
             a
             time
             ,
             the
             chief
             Magistrates
             being
             in
             Consultation
             together
             ,
             he
             bid
             Sophocles
             the
             Poet
             speak
             his
             Opinion
             first
             ,
             as
             the
             Ancientest
             Magistrate
             .
             I
             (
             quoth
             he
             )
             
               am
               indeed
               before
               you
               in
               Years
               ,
               but
               you
               are
               the
               first
               in
               Authority
               and
               Honour
               .
            
          
           
             So
             here
             having
             Lamachus
             ,
             that
             better
             understood
             Military
             Affairs
             ,
             at
             under
             ;
             and
             evermore
             delaying
             and
             dodging
             ,
             and
             faintly
             employing
             his
             Forces
             :
             First
             ,
             his
             Sailing
             about
             Sicily
             ,
             at
             the
             greatest
             distance
             ,
             aloof
             from
             the
             Enemy
             ;
             then
             afterwards
             besieging
             Hyble
             ,
             a
             small
             pitiful
             Town
             ,
             and
             drawing
             off
             before
             he
             could
             take
             it
             ,
             rendered
             him
             extremely
             despicable
             ;
             at
             the
             length
             he
             retreats
             to
             Catana
             ,
             without
             having
             atchieved
             any
             thing
             ,
             save
             that
             he
             demolish't
             Hyccara
             ,
             a
             little
             poor
             quarter
             of
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             where
             't
             is
             reported
             that
             Lais
             the
             Harlot
             ,
             
             whilst
             yet
             a
             Maiden
             ,
             was
             sold
             amongst
             the
             other
             Slaves
             ,
             and
             carried
             thence
             away
             to
             Peloponnesus
             .
          
           
             But
             when
             the
             Summer
             was
             spent
             ,
             after
             that
             it
             was
             noised
             about
             that
             the
             Syracusians
             were
             grown
             so
             Cock-a-hoop
             ,
             that
             they
             would
             come
             ,
             and
             first
             attack
             him
             :
             And
             the
             Troopers
             skirmishing
             to
             the
             very
             Camp
             ,
             twitted
             them
             ,
             asking
             ,
             
               Whether
               they
               came
               to
               Pension
               with
               the
            
             Cataneans
             ?
             
               Or
               they
               came
               to
               put
               again
               the
            
             Leontins
             
               in
               Possession
               of
               their
               Houses
            
             ?
             Now
             it
             was
             ,
             that
             with
             much
             ado
             Nicias
             resolved
             to
             sit
             down
             before
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             And
             to
             the
             end
             he
             might
             safely
             and
             without
             Molestation
             form
             his
             Camp
             ,
             he
             sent
             a
             Man
             ,
             as
             a
             Renegade
             from
             Catana
             ,
             with
             Intelligence
             to
             the
             
               Syracusians
               ,
               That
               they
               might
               seize
               the
            
             Athenian
             
               Camp
               void
               of
               Men
               ,
               and
               all
               their
               Arms
               ,
               if
               they
               on
               such
               a
               day
               march
               with
               all
               their
               Forces
               to
            
             Catana
             :
             And
             ,
             
               That
               the
            
             Athenians
             
               living
               mostwhat
               in
               the
               Town
               ,
               the
               Friends
               of
               the
            
             Syracusians
             
               had
               contrived
               ,
               so
               soon
               as
               they
               should
               perceive
               them
               coming
               ,
               to
               possess
               themselves
               of
               one
               of
               the
               Gates
               ,
               and
               to
               fire
               the
               Navy
               ;
               that
               many
               now
               were
               in
               the
               Conspiracy
               ,
               and
               waited
               their
               Arrival
               .
            
          
           
             Nicias
             show'd
             good
             Conduct
             in
             this
             only
             Instance
             of
             all
             the
             Sicilian
             Expedition
             ;
             for
             having
             drawn
             away
             all
             the
             strength
             of
             
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             made
             the
             City
             quite
             destitute
             of
             Men
             ,
             he
             set
             out
             from
             Catana
             ,
             he
             entred
             the
             Haven
             ,
             and
             he
             chose
             a
             fit
             place
             for
             his
             Camp
             ,
             where
             the
             Enemy
             could
             nor
             incommode
             him
             ,
             with
             that
             wherein
             lay
             their
             Excellency
             ;
             but
             in
             those
             things
             wherein
             he
             had
             the
             Advantage
             ,
             he
             might
             expect
             to
             maul
             them
             without
             impediment
             .
          
           
             When
             the
             Syracusians
             returned
             from
             Catana
             ,
             and
             stood
             in
             Battle-Array
             before
             the
             City-Gates
             ,
             he
             on
             the
             sudden
             drawing
             forth
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             fell
             on
             them
             and
             defeated
             them
             ;
             yet
             he
             slew
             not
             many
             ,
             the
             Horse
             hindering
             their
             pursuit
             .
             But
             his
             cutting
             and
             breaking
             down
             the
             Bridges
             that
             lay
             over
             the
             River
             ,
             gave
             Hermocrates
             (
             heartning
             the
             Syracusians
             )
             occasion
             to
             say
             ,
             That
             ,
             Nicias
             
               was
               ridiculous
               ,
               whose
               great
               Conduct
               is
               to
               avoid
               fighting
               ,
               as
               if
               fighting
               were
               not
               the
               thing
               he
               came
               for
               .
            
          
           
             However
             he
             cast
             the
             Syracusians
             into
             a
             grievous
             Fright
             and
             Consternation
             ,
             so
             that
             in
             the
             stead
             of
             Fifteen
             Generals
             then
             in
             Service
             ,
             they
             chose
             Three
             others
             to
             whom
             the
             People
             engaged
             by
             Oath
             to
             let
             them
             Command
             absolute
             .
          
           
             There
             was
             nigh
             them
             a
             Temple
             of
             
               Jupiter
               Olympius
            
             ,
             which
             the
             Athenians
             (
             there
             being
             in
             it
             many
             Consecrated
             things
             of
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             )
             had
             a
             great
             mind
             to
             take
             ,
             which
             Nicias
             industriously
             delaying
             ,
             lost
             the
             
             Opportunity
             ,
             and
             let
             a
             Garrison
             of
             the
             Syracusians
             enter
             it
             ,
             he
             judging
             that
             if
             the
             Soldiers
             should
             make
             Booty
             of
             that
             wealth
             ,
             't
             wou'd
             be
             no
             manner
             of
             advantage
             to
             the
             Publick
             ,
             and
             he
             should
             bear
             the
             Infamy
             of
             the
             impiety
             .
          
           
             But
             Nicias
             ,
             not
             improving
             in
             the
             least
             his
             Victory
             ,
             that
             had
             made
             so
             much
             noise
             every
             where
             ,
             after
             a
             few
             days
             stay
             ,
             whip
             away
             goes
             he
             to
             Naxus
             ,
             there
             Winters
             with
             such
             an
             Army
             upon
             excessive
             Charges
             ,
             and
             performs
             little
             of
             moment
             with
             some
             Sicilians
             revolted
             to
             him
             .
          
           
             Insomuch
             that
             the
             Syracusians
             took
             Heart
             again
             ,
             made
             Excursions
             to
             Catana
             ,
             wasted
             the
             Country
             ,
             and
             fired
             the
             Camp
             of
             the
             Athenians
             .
             Now
             every
             Body
             blam'd
             Nicias
             as
             who
             with
             his
             Argumentations
             ,
             his
             Considerations
             ,
             and
             his
             mighty
             Cautions
             had
             let
             slip
             the
             time
             for
             Action
             .
             None
             ever
             found
             fault
             with
             the
             Man
             when
             once
             set
             a
             going
             ,
             for
             in
             the
             brunt
             he
             was
             brisk
             and
             active
             ,
             but
             was
             slow
             ,
             and
             wanted
             assurance
             to
             engage
             .
             When
             therefore
             he
             brought
             again
             the
             Army
             to
             Syracuse
             ,
             such
             was
             his
             Conduct
             ,
             and
             with
             such
             both
             celerity
             and
             safety
             ,
             he
             came
             upon
             them
             ,
             that
             no
             Body
             knew
             of
             his
             Arrival
             with
             the
             Gallies
             at
             Thapsus
             ,
             of
             his
             Descent
             ,
             nor
             his
             Surprisal
             of
             Epipolae
             :
             Then
             beat
             he
             the
             choicest
             Regiments
             ,
             took
             three
             hundred
             Prisoners
             ,
             and
             
             routed
             the
             Cavalry
             of
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             which
             were
             thought
             invincible
             .
          
           
             But
             that
             which
             chiefly
             astonish'd
             the
             Syracusians
             ,
             and
             seemed
             incredible
             to
             the
             Grecians
             ,
             was
             ,
             in
             so
             little
             time
             the
             walling
             about
             of
             Syracuse
             ,
             a
             Town
             not
             less
             than
             Athens
             ,
             but
             far
             more
             difficult
             ,
             by
             the
             unevenness
             of
             the
             Ground
             ,
             the
             nearness
             of
             the
             Sea
             ,
             and
             the
             Marishes
             adjacent
             ,
             to
             have
             such
             a
             Wall
             drawn
             in
             a
             Circle
             round
             it
             .
             Yet
             this
             ,
             all
             within
             a
             very
             little
             ,
             finish'd
             by
             a
             Man
             that
             had
             not
             his
             Health
             competent
             for
             so
             weighty
             Cares
             ,
             but
             lay
             all
             ill
             of
             the
             Stone
             ;
             Which
             may
             justly
             be
             blam'd
             for
             what
             was
             left
             undone
             .
             I
             admire
             the
             Toyl
             of
             the
             General
             ,
             and
             the
             Bravery
             of
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             for
             what
             they
             performed
             .
             Eurypides
             after
             their
             Rout
             and
             Disaster
             ,
             writing
             their
             Funeral
             Elegy
             ,
             thus
             Sang
             ,
          
           
             
               These
               did
               eight
               times
               the
               Syracusians
               Foyl
               ,
            
             
               But
               then
               the
               Gods
               stood
               Neuter
               all
               the
               while
               .
            
          
           
             And
             in
             truth
             one
             shall
             not
             find
             eight
             ,
             but
             many
             more
             Victories
             won
             by
             these
             Men
             against
             the
             Syracusians
             ;
             till
             the
             Gods
             or
             Fortune
             plainly
             gave
             a
             Check
             to
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             when
             lifted
             to
             the
             top
             of
             their
             Power
             and
             Greatness
             .
          
           
             Nicias
             therefore
             doing
             violence
             to
             his
             Body
             ,
             was
             present
             in
             most
             Actions
             .
          
           
           
             But
             when
             his
             Disease
             was
             the
             sharpest
             upon
             him
             ,
             he
             lay
             in
             the
             Camp
             ,
             with
             some
             few
             Servants
             to
             attend
             him
             .
             And
             Lamachus
             having
             the
             Command
             ,
             fought
             the
             Syracusians
             (
             who
             were
             bringing
             a
             Cross-Wall
             from
             the
             City
             ,
             along
             to
             that
             of
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             to
             hinder
             them
             from
             carrying
             it
             round
             )
             and
             in
             the
             Victory
             ,
             the
             Athenians
             hurrying
             in
             some
             Disorder
             to
             the
             pursuit
             ,
             Lamachus
             ,
             left
             alone
             ,
             withstood
             the
             Syracusian
             Horse
             that
             came
             upon
             him
             ;
             before
             the
             rest
             advanced
             Callicrates
             ,
             a
             man
             of
             good
             Courage
             and
             Mettle
             ,
             Lamachus
             upon
             the
             Challenge
             engaged
             with
             him
             in
             single
             Combat
             ,
             who
             received
             the
             first
             wound
             ,
             yet
             returned
             it
             so
             home
             to
             Callicrates
             ,
             that
             they
             both
             fell
             down
             and
             died
             together
             .
          
           
             And
             now
             the
             Syracusians
             took
             away
             the
             Body
             and
             Arms
             of
             Lamachus
             ,
             and
             in
             great
             hast
             marcht
             to
             the
             Wall
             of
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             where
             Nicias
             lay
             without
             any
             Guards
             ;
             yet
             rouzed
             by
             this
             necessity
             ,
             and
             beholding
             the
             Danger
             ,
             he
             bid
             those
             about
             him
             go
             and
             set
             on
             Fire
             all
             the
             Wood
             ,
             and
             Materials
             that
             lay
             provided
             before
             the
             Wall
             for
             the
             Engines
             ,
             and
             the
             Engines
             themselves
             ;
             this
             put
             a
             stop
             to
             the
             Syracusians
             ,
             saved
             Nicias
             ,
             saved
             the
             Walls
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             Money
             of
             the
             Athenians
             .
             For
             when
             the
             Syracusians
             saw
             so
             much
             Fire
             flaming
             in
             the
             middle
             of
             them
             ,
             they
             wheeled
             off
             .
          
           
           
             Now
             whilst
             these
             things
             were
             Atchieved
             ,
             Nicias
             only
             was
             left
             of
             all
             the
             Generals
             ,
             and
             he
             began
             to
             conceive
             great
             Hopes
             ,
             for
             the
             Cities
             revolted
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             Ships
             laden
             with
             Corn
             from
             Coast
             every
             came
             to
             the
             Camp
             ,
             every
             one
             favouring
             when
             Matters
             went
             well
             .
             And
             now
             some
             Discourses
             past
             amongst
             the
             Syracusians
             (
             desparing
             to
             defend
             the
             City
             )
             about
             a
             Treaty
             with
             him
             .
          
           
             And
             when
             Gylippus
             who
             came
             with
             a
             Squadron
             to
             their
             aid
             from
             Lacedaemon
             ,
             heard
             on
             board
             of
             the
             Wall
             surrounding
             them
             ,
             and
             of
             their
             Streights
             ,
             he
             so
             steered
             for
             the
             rest
             ,
             as
             that
             giving
             Sicily
             for
             lost
             ,
             he
             might
             now
             if
             possible
             secure
             the
             Italians
             their
             Cities
             .
             For
             a
             strong
             report
             was
             every
             where
             spread
             about
             ,
             that
             the
             Athenians
             carried
             all
             before
             them
             ;
             and
             had
             now
             a
             General
             for
             Conduct
             ,
             and
             for
             Fortune
             invincible
             .
          
           
             And
             Nicias
             himself
             now
             against
             his
             Nature
             ,
             grown
             Presumptuous
             in
             his
             present
             Strength
             and
             Success
             (
             especially
             from
             the
             Intelligence
             he
             received
             under-hand
             of
             the
             Syracusians
             ,
             believing
             they
             would
             surrender
             the
             Town
             upon
             Terms
             )
             had
             no
             manner
             of
             regard
             to
             Gylippus
             coming
             to
             their
             Assistance
             ,
             
             nor
             set
             out
             any
             Scouts
             to
             purpose
             ;
             so
             that
             neglected
             altogether
             ,
             and
             despised
             ,
             Gylippus
             went
             in
             a
             long
             Boat
             ashore
             ,
             without
             the
             knowledge
             of
             Nicias
             ;
             and
             having
             Landed
             
             in
             the
             remotest
             parts
             from
             Syracuse
             ,
             he
             mustered
             up
             a
             great
             Army
             ,
             the
             Syracusians
             neither
             knowing
             of
             his
             Arrival
             ,
             nor
             expecting
             him
             :
             So
             that
             an
             Assembly
             was
             summoned
             in
             Order
             to
             a
             Parley
             with
             Nicias
             ,
             and
             some
             were
             hasty
             to
             have
             all
             dispatched
             ,
             before
             the
             Town
             should
             be
             quite
             walled
             round
             ,
             for
             now
             remained
             very
             little
             to
             be
             done
             ,
             and
             the
             Materials
             lay
             all
             ready
             on
             the
             place
             .
          
           
             In
             this
             very
             nick
             of
             Time
             and
             Danger
             ,
             arriv'd
             Gongylus
             in
             one
             Gally
             from
             Corinth
             ,
             and
             every
             one
             (
             as
             you
             may
             imagine
             )
             flocking
             about
             him
             ,
             he
             told
             them
             that
             Gylippus
             would
             be
             with
             them
             speedily
             ,
             and
             other
             Ships
             to
             relieve
             them
             .
             Now
             ,
             e're
             they
             could
             perfectly
             believe
             Gongylus
             ,
             an
             express
             was
             brought
             from
             Gylippus
             ,
             to
             bid
             them
             go
             forth
             to
             meet
             him
             :
             So
             now
             ,
             plucking
             up
             a
             good
             Heart
             ,
             they
             took
             Arms
             ;
             and
             Glyippus
             was
             presently
             upon
             the
             March
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             way
             ranged
             them
             in
             Battel-array
             against
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             as
             Nicias
             also
             embattelled
             these
             .
             And
             Gylippus
             in
             view
             of
             the
             Athenians
             laying
             down
             his
             Arms
             ,
             sent
             an
             Herald
             to
             tell
             them
             ,
             
               He
               would
               give
               them
               leave
               with
               Bag
               and
               Baggage
               to
               depart
               quietly
               from
            
             Sicily
             .
             To
             this
             Nicias
             would
             not
             vouchsafe
             any
             Answer
             ,
             but
             some
             of
             his
             Soldiers
             laughing
             ,
             askt
             
               if
               with
               the
               sight
               of
               one
               Cloak
               and
            
             Laconian
             
               Staff
               ,
               the
            
             Syracusian
             
             
               Matters
               were
               so
               well
               hop'd
               up
               ,
               in
               the
               turn
               of
               an
               hand
               to
               despise
               the
            
             Athenians
             ,
             
               who
               had
               released
               to
               the
            
             Lacedaemonians
             
               three
               hundred
               ,
               whom
               they
               held
               in
               Chains
               ,
               Goodlier
               men
               than
            
             Gylippus
             ,
             
               and
               with
               longer
               Locks
               ?
               Timaeus
            
             also
             writes
             ,
             That
             even
             the
             Syracusians
             made
             no
             Account
             of
             Gylippus
             ,
             at
             the
             first
             sight
             ,
             drolling
             upon
             his
             Staff
             and
             long
             Hair
             ,
             as
             afterwards
             they
             hated
             his
             Avarice
             and
             narrow
             Spirit
             .
          
           
             The
             same
             Author
             says
             ,
             that
             Gylippus
             appearing
             ,
             many
             came
             fluttering
             about
             him
             ,
             as
             it
             were
             some
             Owl
             ,
             and
             were
             listed
             under
             him
             .
             And
             this
             is
             more
             like
             the
             Truth
             than
             what
             was
             said
             before
             ;
             for
             in
             the
             Staff
             and
             the
             Cloak
             beholding
             the
             Badge
             and
             Authority
             of
             Sparta
             ,
             they
             crowded
             to
             him
             .
             And
             Thucydides
             affirms
             ,
             that
             all
             the
             Work
             was
             done
             by
             him
             alone
             ;
             so
             does
             Philistus
             ,
             who
             was
             a
             Syracusian
             ,
             and
             a
             Spectator
             of
             all
             that
             past
             .
          
           
             However
             ,
             the
             Athenians
             had
             the
             better
             of
             the
             first
             Encounter
             ,
             and
             slew
             some
             few
             of
             the
             Syracusians
             ,
             amongst
             whom
             was
             Gongylus
             of
             Corinth
             .
             Yet
             the
             next
             day
             Gylippus
             show'd
             what
             it
             is
             to
             be
             a
             Man
             of
             Experience
             ,
             for
             with
             the
             same
             Arms
             ,
             the
             same
             Horses
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             same
             spot
             of
             Ground
             ,
             changing
             only
             the
             Figure
             of
             the
             Battel
             ,
             he
             overcame
             the
             Athenians
             :
             and
             they
             fleeing
             to
             their
             Camp
             ,
             he
             set
             the
             Syracusians
             to
             
             work
             ,
             and
             with
             the
             Stone
             and
             Materials
             that
             had
             been
             brought
             together
             for
             finishing
             the
             Wall
             of
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             he
             built
             a
             Cross
             ▪
             Wall
             to
             intercept
             theirs
             and
             break
             it
             down
             ,
             so
             as
             nought
             remained
             to
             them
             of
             all
             their
             toyl
             .
          
           
             Hereupon
             the
             Syracusians
             taking
             Courage
             ,
             manned
             out
             their
             Gallies
             ,
             and
             with
             their
             Horse
             and
             followers
             ranging
             about
             ,
             they
             gathered
             up
             a
             great
             many
             Prisoners
             ,
             and
             Gylippus
             going
             himself
             to
             the
             Cities
             ,
             stirred
             and
             instigated
             them
             ,
             who
             all
             heard
             him
             readily
             ,
             and
             took
             Arms.
             So
             that
             Nicias
             fell
             again
             to
             his
             old
             Considerations
             ,
             and
             ,
             seeing
             the
             Face
             of
             Affairs
             change
             ,
             he
             desponded
             and
             writ
             to
             Athens
             ,
             bidding
             them
             
               send
               either
               another
               Army
               ,
               or
               rather
               recall
               this
               out
               of
            
             Sicily
             ;
             
               that
               he
               might
               however
               be
               wholly
               discharged
               of
               the
               Command
               ,
               because
               of
               his
               Disease
               .
            
          
           
             Before
             this
             ,
             the
             Athenians
             had
             been
             very
             hot
             of
             sending
             another
             Army
             to
             Sicily
             ,
             but
             Envy
             of
             
             Nicias's
             former
             great
             Atchievements
             and
             Success
             ,
             cast
             in
             many
             Delays
             ,
             till
             now
             that
             they
             were
             all
             for
             hastening
             away
             Recruits
             .
             Eurymedon
             went
             before
             ,
             in
             Mid-winter
             ,
             with
             Money
             ,
             and
             to
             declare
             Euthydemus
             and
             Menander
             (
             chosen
             out
             of
             those
             that
             served
             there
             under
             Nicias
             )
             to
             be
             Joint-Commanders
             with
             him
             .
             Demosthenes
             was
             to
             go
             after
             in
             the
             Spring
             with
             a
             great
             Navy
             .
          
           
           
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             Nicias
             was
             briskly
             attackt
             both
             by
             Sea
             and
             Land
             ;
             in
             the
             beginning
             he
             had
             the
             disadvantage
             in
             his
             shipping
             ,
             yet
             did
             he
             destroy
             and
             sink
             many
             Gallies
             of
             the
             Enemy
             .
             But
             by
             Land
             ,
             he
             could
             not
             provide
             succour
             in
             time
             ,
             so
             Gylippus
             fell
             upon
             ,
             and
             surprized
             Plemmyrion
             at
             the
             first
             Assault
             in
             which
             the
             Stores
             for
             the
             Navy
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             summ
             of
             Money
             (
             being
             there
             kept
             )
             was
             all
             lost
             ,
             many
             there
             he
             slew
             ,
             and
             took
             others
             Prisoners
             .
             What
             was
             of
             greatest
             importance
             ,
             he
             cut
             off
             the
             Provisions
             from
             Nicias
             ,
             which
             were
             safely
             and
             readily
             convoy'd
             to
             him
             whilst
             the
             Athenians
             held
             Plemmyrion
             ;
             they
             being
             beaten
             out
             ,
             he
             could
             not
             be
             supplied
             but
             with
             great
             Difficulty
             ,
             and
             with
             fighting
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             who
             rid
             at
             Anchor
             under
             that
             Fort.
             
          
           
             And
             now
             it
             seemed
             manifest
             to
             the
             Syracusians
             that
             their
             Navy
             had
             not
             been
             beaten
             by
             Strength
             ,
             but
             by
             their
             Disorder
             in
             the
             Pursuit
             :
             Now
             therefore
             all
             Hands
             ,
             went
             to
             work
             to
             fit
             out
             a
             gallanter
             Fleet
             than
             the
             former
             ,
             however
             Nicias
             had
             no
             Stomach
             to
             a
             Sea-fight
             ,
             but
             said
             ,
             '
             
               t
               was
               madness
               for
               them
            
             (
             when
             Demosthenes
             
               was
               coming
               in
               all
               haste
               with
               so
               great
               a
               Fleet
               and
               fresh
               Forces
               to
               their
               Recruit
            
             )
             
               to
               engage
               the
               Enemy
               with
               a
               less
               number
               of
               Ships
               and
               ill
               provided
               .
            
             On
             the
             contrary
             Menander
             and
             Euthydemus
             ,
             puft
             up
             with
             their
             new
             Command
             ,
             let
             loose
             
             their
             Ambition
             ,
             and
             envy
             against
             both
             the
             Old
             Generals
             :
             They
             were
             for
             preventing
             Demosthenes
             by
             some
             brave
             Action
             before
             his
             coming
             ;
             and
             were
             for
             doing
             something
             beyond
             Nicias
             ,
             they
             pretended
             
               the
               Honour
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               which
            
             (
             said
             they
             )
             
               would
               be
               blemish'd
               and
               utterly
               lost
               ,
               if
               they
               should
               be
               afraid
               of
               the
            
             Syracusians
             ,
             
               who
               dared
               them
               to
               Battel
            
             .
          
           
             Thus
             they
             forced
             Nicias
             to
             a
             Sea-fight
             ;
             and
             by
             a
             Stratagem
             of
             Ariston
             ,
             who
             commanded
             the
             Corinthian
             Gallies
             ,
             they
             in
             the
             left
             Wing
             (
             as
             Thucydides
             tells
             us
             )
             were
             worsted
             ,
             and
             lost
             many
             of
             their
             Men.
             
          
           
             Hereupon
             Nicias
             was
             overwhelmed
             with
             Despair
             ,
             beaten
             when
             he
             had
             the
             sole
             Command
             ,
             and
             again
             miscarrying
             with
             his
             Companions
             .
          
           
             But
             now
             by
             this
             time
             was
             discovered
             before
             the
             Haven
             Demosthenes
             ,
             most
             splendidly
             equipp'd
             ,
             and
             terrible
             to
             behold
             .
             He
             brought
             along
             ,
             in
             seventy
             three
             Gallies
             ,
             five
             thousand
             Men
             of
             Arms
             ;
             of
             Darters
             ,
             Archers
             ,
             and
             Slingers
             ,
             not
             less
             than
             3000
             ,
             with
             the
             glitterring
             of
             their
             Armour
             ,
             the
             Flags
             and
             Streamers
             ,
             waving
             in
             the
             Air
             from
             the
             Gallies
             ,
             the
             multitude
             of
             Trumpeters
             ,
             and
             Minstrels
             ,
             and
             Hoboys
             ,
             and
             set
             off
             with
             all
             the
             Warlike
             Pomp
             and
             Ostentation
             ,
             to
             dismay
             the
             Enemy
             .
          
           
           
             Now
             (
             one
             may
             believe
             )
             the
             Syracusians
             were
             again
             in
             a
             deadly
             fright
             ,
             seeing
             no
             end
             nor
             expectation
             ,
             but
             toiling
             in
             vain
             ,
             and
             perishing
             to
             no
             purpose
             .
          
           
             But
             Nicias
             was
             not
             long
             overjoyed
             for
             this
             Reinforcement
             ;
             for
             the
             first
             time
             he
             came
             to
             speech
             with
             Demosthenes
             (
             who
             advised
             
               forthwith
               to
               attaque
               the
            
             Syracusians
             ,
             
               and
               speedily
               to
               put
               all
               to
               the
               hazard
               ;
               to
               win
            
             Syracuse
             ,
             
               and
               return
               home
            
             )
             afraid
             ,
             and
             wondring
             at
             his
             briskness
             and
             temerity
             ,
             he
             beseeched
             him
             
               to
               do
               nothing
               rashly
               and
               desperately
               ,
               seeing
               that
               delay
               would
               be
               the
               Ruine
               of
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               whose
               Money
               would
               not
               hold
               out
               ,
               nor
               their
               Confederates
               be
               long
               kept
               together
               ;
               that
               when
               once
               they
               came
               to
               be
               pinch'd
               with
               Want
               ,
               they
               would
               again
               presently
               seek
               to
               him
               for
               Terms
               ,
               as
               formerly
               ;
               that
               many
               in
            
             Syracuse
             ,
             
               who
               held
               secret
               Correspondence
               with
               him
               ,
               wish'd
               him
               to
               stay
               ,
               in
               regard
               they
               were
               tired
               with
               the
               War
               ,
               nor
               could
               endure
            
             Gylippus
             
               longer
               :
               And
               if
               their
               Necessities
               should
               the
               least
               sharpen
               upon
               them
               ,
               they
               would
               give
               up
               all
               .
            
          
           
             Nicias
             ,
             glancing
             darkly
             at
             these
             matters
             ,
             and
             partly
             unwilling
             to
             speak
             out
             plainly
             ,
             put
             the
             Captains
             to
             imagine
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             pure
             Cowardice
             which
             made
             him
             talk
             in
             this
             manner
             :
             And
             they
             (
             saying
             
               that
               he
               was
               now
               again
               upon
               the
               relapse
               to
               his
               old
               Cautions
               ,
               and
               Shifts
               ,
               and
               Trifling
               ,
               whereby
               he
            
             
             
               let
               slip
               the
               Opportunity
               ,
               in
               not
               immediately
               falling
               on
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               but
               suffering
               his
               Men
               to
               cool
               ,
               and
               to
               grow
               contemptible
            
             )
             stuck
             to
             Demosthenes
             ,
             and
             with
             much
             ado
             forced
             Nicias
             to
             comply
             .
          
           
             Hereupon
             Demosthenes
             ,
             with
             a
             Party
             of
             Foot
             ,
             by
             night
             made
             an
             Assault
             upon
             Epipolae
             ;
             part
             of
             the
             Enemy
             he
             slew
             ere
             they
             took
             the
             Alarm
             ;
             the
             rest
             ,
             defending
             themselves
             ,
             he
             put
             to
             flight
             .
             Nor
             was
             he
             content
             with
             this
             Victory
             there
             ,
             but
             push'd
             on
             further
             ,
             till
             he
             fell
             among
             the
             Baeotians
             ;
             for
             these
             were
             the
             first
             that
             made
             head
             against
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             and
             ,
             after
             a
             great
             Shout
             ,
             warmly
             charged
             them
             with
             Push
             of
             Pike
             ,
             and
             killed
             many
             on
             the
             Place
             .
             And
             now
             was
             there
             nothing
             but
             Horror
             and
             Confusion
             throughout
             the
             whole
             Army
             ;
             the
             Body
             that
             stood
             involved
             with
             those
             that
             fled
             ,
             they
             that
             defended
             ,
             and
             those
             who
             came
             round
             ,
             falling
             foul
             together
             ,
             knock'd
             one
             another
             down
             ,
             taking
             them
             in
             the
             pursuit
             for
             those
             that
             fled
             ,
             and
             handling
             their
             Friends
             as
             if
             they
             were
             the
             Enemy
             .
             For
             jumbled
             thus
             in
             disorder
             ,
             distracted
             with
             blind
             Fear
             and
             Uncertainties
             ,
             and
             discerning
             false
             ,
             the
             Night
             not
             being
             absolutely
             dark
             ,
             nor
             yielding
             any
             steady
             Light
             ,
             the
             Moon
             then
             towards
             setting
             ,
             shadowed
             with
             many
             Weapons
             and
             Bodies
             that
             moved
             to
             and
             fro
             ,
             and
             glimmering
             so
             as
             not
             to
             
             shew
             an
             Object
             plain
             ,
             but
             to
             make
             ,
             through
             fear
             ,
             a
             Familiar
             ,
             suspected
             for
             a
             Foe
             ;
             which
             cast
             the
             Athenians
             into
             horrid
             difficulties
             and
             despair
             .
          
           
             Besides
             all
             this
             ,
             they
             had
             the
             Moon
             on
             their
             Backs
             ,
             whereby
             they
             shaded
             one
             another
             ,
             and
             both
             hid
             their
             Numbers
             and
             the
             Glittering
             of
             their
             Arms
             ;
             but
             the
             reflection
             of
             the
             Moon
             from
             the
             Shields
             of
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             made
             them
             shew
             more
             numerous
             ,
             and
             better
             appointed
             than
             indeed
             they
             were
             .
          
           
             Lastly
             ,
             Being
             press'd
             on
             every
             side
             where
             they
             had
             retreated
             ,
             they
             took
             the
             rout
             ;
             and
             ,
             in
             their
             flight
             ,
             some
             were
             destroyed
             by
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             some
             fell
             by
             the
             hands
             of
             their
             Friends
             ,
             and
             some
             tumbled
             down
             the
             Rocks
             .
             Those
             that
             were
             dispers'd
             and
             stragled
             in
             the
             Fields
             ,
             were
             pick'd
             up
             in
             the
             morning
             by
             the
             Horsemen
             ,
             and
             put
             to
             the
             Sword
             ;
             the
             slain
             were
             Two
             thousand
             ;
             of
             the
             rest
             few
             came
             off
             safe
             with
             their
             Arms.
             
          
           
             Upon
             this
             Disaster
             ,
             Nicias
             ,
             struck
             ,
             as
             might
             be
             expected
             ,
             accused
             the
             rashness
             of
             Demosthenes
             ;
             but
             he
             coloured
             it
             over
             ,
             and
             advised
             
               to
               be
               gone
               in
               all
               haste
               ;
               for
               neither
               were
               other
               Forces
               to
               come
               ,
               nor
               the
               Enemy
               to
               be
               beaten
               with
               the
               present
               ;
               or
               supposing
               they
               were
               yet
               too
               hard
               for
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               however
               they
               ought
               to
               remove
               ,
               and
               avoid
               that
               place
               ,
               being
               always
               accounted
               a
               sickly
               place
               ,
            
             
             
               and
               dangerous
               for
               an
               Army
               ;
               especially
               now
               ,
               because
               of
               the
               season
               ,
               being
               (
               as
               they
               see
               by
               experience
               )
               Pernicious
               .
            
             It
             was
             the
             beginning
             of
             Autumn
             ,
             and
             many
             now
             lay
             sick
             ,
             and
             all
             were
             out
             of
             heart
             .
          
           
             It
             grieved
             Nicias
             to
             hear
             of
             flight
             ,
             and
             departing
             home
             ,
             not
             that
             he
             did
             not
             fear
             the
             Syracusians
             ,
             but
             he
             was
             worse
             affraid
             of
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             their
             Impeachments
             ,
             and
             Sentence
             ,
             therefore
             he
             made
             as
             if
             he
             apprehended
             nothing
             farther
             there
             ;
             or
             ,
             should
             ought
             happen
             ,
             better
             dye
             by
             the
             hand
             of
             an
             Enemy
             ,
             than
             by
             his
             Fellow-Citizens
             .
          
           
             He
             was
             not
             of
             the
             opinion
             which
             afterwards
             Leo
             of
             Byzantium
             declared
             to
             his
             Fellow-Citizens
             ,
             
               I
               had
               rather
            
             (
             said
             he
             )
             
               perish
               by
               you
               ,
               than
               with
               you
               .
            
          
           
             Nicias
             therefore
             ,
             for
             the
             matter
             of
             place
             and
             quarter
             ,
             whither
             to
             remove
             their
             Camp
             ,
             said
             ,
             
               That
               might
               be
               debated
               at
               leisure
               :
            
             And
             Demosthenes
             ,
             his
             former
             Counsel
             having
             succeeded
             so
             ill
             ,
             ceased
             to
             press
             him
             farther
             ;
             others
             thought
             Nicias
             expected
             ,
             and
             had
             assurance
             from
             some
             Body
             within
             the
             City
             ,
             which
             made
             him
             so
             stoutly
             oppose
             their
             retreat
             ,
             so
             they
             did
             acquiesce
             .
             But
             another
             Army
             coming
             to
             the
             Syracusians
             ,
             and
             the
             Sickness
             raging
             in
             his
             Camp
             ,
             he
             also
             now
             approved
             of
             their
             retreat
             ;
             and
             commanded
             the
             Soldiers
             to
             make
             ready
             to
             go
             aboard
             .
          
           
           
             And
             when
             all
             were
             in
             readiness
             ,
             and
             none
             of
             the
             Enemy
             had
             observed
             them
             ,
             not
             expecting
             such
             a
             thing
             ,
             the
             Moon
             fell
             Eclyps'd
             
             in
             the
             Night
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             fright
             of
             Nicias
             ,
             and
             of
             others
             ,
             who
             ,
             for
             want
             of
             experience
             ,
             or
             out
             of
             Superstition
             ,
             are
             scar'd
             with
             these
             Appearances
             .
             That
             the
             Sun
             would
             be
             dark'ned
             about
             the
             Thirtieth
             day
             of
             the
             Month
             by
             the
             Moon
             going
             between
             ,
             this
             even
             the
             ordinary
             People
             now
             well
             enough
             understood
             ;
             but
             the
             Moon
             it self
             to
             be
             dark'ned
             ,
             how
             that
             could
             come
             about
             ,
             and
             how
             on
             the
             sudden
             a
             broad
             full
             Moon
             should
             lose
             all
             her
             light
             ,
             and
             shew
             such
             various
             colours
             ,
             that
             was
             not
             easie
             to
             be
             comprehended
             :
             But
             they
             concluded
             it
             
               to
               be
               Ominous
               ,
               and
               a
               sign
               from
               God
               of
               heavy
               Calamities
               to
               ensue
               .
            
          
           
             For
             he
             ,
             who
             the
             first
             ,
             and
             the
             most
             plainly
             of
             any
             ,
             and
             with
             the
             greatest
             assurance
             ,
             committed
             to
             Writing
             how
             the
             Moon
             is
             enlightened
             and
             overshadowed
             ,
             was
             Anaxagoras
             ;
             yet
             neither
             was
             he
             ancient
             ,
             nor
             his
             Notion
             much
             taken
             notice
             of
             ,
             but
             was
             lookt
             upon
             as
             Heterodox
             ,
             and
             kept
             secret
             ,
             passing
             only
             amongst
             a
             few
             ,
             under
             some
             kind
             of
             Caution
             and
             Confidence
             .
             For
             they
             would
             not
             suffer
             Naturalists
             and
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             as
             they
             then
             called
             them
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             
               such
               who
               dispute
               of
               things
               above
            
             ;
             as
             lessening
             the
             Divine
             Power
             ,
             by
             deducing
             things
             from
             Natural
             
             senseless
             Causes
             ,
             and
             a
             long
             Chain
             of
             Necessity
             ,
             without
             any
             thing
             of
             Providence
             ,
             or
             a
             free
             Agent
             .
          
           
             Hence
             it
             was
             ,
             that
             Protagoras
             was
             Banisht
             ,
             and
             Anaxagoras
             cast
             in
             Prison
             ,
             Pericles
             had
             very
             much
             ado
             to
             procure
             his
             Liberty
             ;
             and
             Socrates
             ,
             though
             he
             medled
             not
             at
             all
             in
             this
             sort
             of
             Learning
             ,
             yet
             was
             put
             to
             death
             for
             Philosophy
             .
          
           
             At
             the
             length
             the
             Reputation
             of
             Plato
             shining
             forth
             by
             his
             Life
             ,
             and
             because
             he
             subjected
             Natural
             Necessity
             to
             a
             divine
             and
             more
             excellent
             Principle
             ,
             he
             wiped
             off
             the
             obloquy
             and
             scandal
             from
             these
             contemplations
             ,
             and
             made
             way
             for
             the
             Mathematicks
             to
             all
             People
             .
             So
             his
             Friend
             Dion
             ,
             when
             the
             Moon
             (
             at
             the
             time
             he
             was
             to
             Embark
             from
             Zacynthus
             to
             go
             against
             Dionysius
             )
             was
             Eclyps'd
             ,
             was
             not
             in
             the
             least
             disturbed
             ,
             but
             went
             on
             ,
             and
             arriving
             at
             Syracuse
             ,
             drove
             away
             the
             Tyrant
             .
          
           
             But
             it
             so
             fell
             out
             with
             Nicias
             ,
             that
             he
             had
             not
             at
             this
             time
             a
             skilful
             Divine
             with
             him
             ;
             for
             his
             Domestick
             (
             and
             who
             took
             off
             much
             of
             his
             Superstition
             )
             Stilbides
             dyed
             a
             little
             before
             .
          
           
             However
             ,
             this
             Prodigy
             (
             
               as
               Philochorus
            
             saith
             )
             could
             not
             be
             unlucky
             to
             them
             that
             flee
             ,
             but
             surely
             very
             favourable
             ;
             for
             things
             done
             in
             fear
             require
             to
             be
             hidden
             ,
             for
             the
             Light
             is
             their
             Foe
             .
          
           
           
             Nor
             was
             it
             usual
             to
             observe
             the
             Sun
             or
             Moon
             more
             that
             three
             days
             ,
             as
             Autoclides
             has
             related
             in
             his
             Commentaries
             :
             But
             Nicias
             perswaded
             them
             to
             wait
             another
             course
             of
             the
             Moon
             ;
             as
             if
             he
             had
             not
             presently
             seen
             it
             clear
             again
             ,
             after
             it
             passed
             the
             shady
             place
             ,
             that
             the
             Light
             was
             no
             longer
             obstructed
             by
             the
             Earth
             .
          
           
             Yet
             he
             in
             a
             manner
             abandoning
             all
             other
             cares
             ,
             betook
             himself
             wholly
             to
             his
             Sacrifices
             ;
             till
             the
             Enemy
             came
             upon
             them
             with
             their
             Infantry
             ,
             besieging
             the
             Forts
             and
             Camp
             ,
             and
             drew
             their
             Ships
             in
             a
             circle
             about
             the
             Harbour
             .
             Nor
             did
             they
             from
             the
             Gallies
             only
             ,
             but
             the
             little
             Boys
             every
             where
             got
             into
             Cock-boats
             ,
             and
             rowed
             about
             ,
             provoking
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             and
             insulting
             over
             them
             .
             Amongst
             these
             a
             Youth
             of
             Noble
             Parentage
             ,
             Heraclides
             by
             name
             ,
             having
             launch'd
             out
             before
             the
             rest
             ,
             in
             Athenian
             Ship
             pursued
             and
             well
             nigh
             took
             him
             ,
             his
             Uncle
             Pollichus
             ,
             in
             fear
             for
             him
             ,
             made
             out
             with
             Ten
             Gallies
             ,
             whereof
             he
             had
             the
             Command
             ;
             and
             the
             rest
             ,
             to
             relieve
             Pollichus
             ,
             in
             like
             manner
             drew
             forth
             ,
             which
             brought
             on
             a
             very
             sharp
             Engagement
             ;
             wherein
             the
             Syracusians
             had
             the
             Victory
             ,
             and
             slew
             Eurymedon
             ,
             with
             many
             others
             .
          
           
             Hereupon
             the
             Athenian
             Souldiers
             had
             no
             patience
             to
             stay
             longer
             ,
             but
             mutiny'd
             against
             their
             Officers
             ,
             requiring
             them
             to
             depart
             
             by
             Land
             ;
             for
             the
             Syracusians
             upon
             their
             Victory
             ,
             immediately
             shut
             ,
             and
             lockt
             up
             the
             Entrance
             of
             the
             Harbour
             ;
             but
             Nicias
             would
             not
             consent
             to
             this
             ,
             for
             it
             was
             a
             shameful
             thing
             to
             leave
             behind
             so
             many
             Ships
             of
             Burthen
             ,
             and
             Gallies
             ,
             little
             less
             than
             Two
             hundred
             ;
             putting
             therefore
             on
             board
             the
             best
             of
             the
             Foot
             ,
             and
             the
             lustiest
             Darters
             ,
             they
             filled
             one
             Hundred
             and
             ten
             Gallies
             ;
             the
             rest
             wanted
             Oars
             :
             the
             remainder
             of
             his
             Army
             ,
             Nicias
             posted
             along
             by
             the
             Sea-side
             ,
             deserting
             the
             great
             Camp
             ,
             and
             Walls
             that
             reach'd
             to
             
             Hercules's
             Temple
             .
          
           
             So
             the
             Syracusians
             ,
             not
             having
             of
             a
             long
             time
             performed
             their
             usual
             Sacrifice
             to
             Hercules
             ,
             went
             up
             now
             ,
             both
             Priests
             and
             Captains
             to
             Sacrifice
             ;
             And
             now
             their
             Gallies
             being
             Manned
             ,
             the
             Divines
             predicted
             from
             their
             Sacrifice
             ,
             
               Victory
               and
               Glory
               to
               the
            
             Syracusians
             ,
             
               provided
               they
               would
               not
               be
               the
               Aggressors
               ,
               but
               fight
               upon
               the
               Defensive
            
             ;
             for
             so
             Hercules
             overcame
             all
             ,
             by
             only
             defending
             himself
             when
             set
             upon
             .
          
           
             In
             this
             confidence
             they
             set
             out
             :
             And
             this
             proved
             the
             hottest
             and
             fiercest
             of
             all
             their
             Sea-fights
             ;
             raising
             no
             less
             concern
             and
             passion
             in
             the
             beholders
             ,
             than
             in
             the
             actors
             ;
             because
             they
             might
             oversee
             the
             whole
             action
             ,
             with
             all
             the
             various
             turns
             ,
             so
             sudden
             and
             unexpected
             ;
             wherein
             the
             Athenians
             
             suffered
             no
             less
             from
             their
             own
             preparations
             ,
             than
             from
             the
             Enemy
             ;
             for
             they
             fought
             against
             light
             nimble
             Ships
             ,
             with
             theirs
             laden
             ,
             heavy
             ,
             and
             at
             every
             turn
             falling
             foul
             on
             one
             another
             .
             And
             they
             were
             thrown
             at
             with
             Stones
             that
             fly
             indifferently
             any
             way
             ,
             for
             which
             were
             returned
             Darts
             and
             Arrows
             ,
             which
             glancing
             on
             the
             waves
             ,
             no
             longer
             fly
             point
             blank
             ,
             or
             regard
             the
             mark
             at
             which
             they
             were
             levell'd
             .
          
           
             Ariston
             ,
             a
             Corinthian
             Captain
             ,
             taught
             this
             the
             Syracusians
             ,
             who
             fighting
             stoutly
             ,
             fell
             himself
             in
             this
             very
             Engagement
             ,
             even
             whilst
             the
             Syracusians
             had
             the
             Victory
             .
          
           
             The
             Athenians
             ,
             their
             loss
             and
             slaughter
             being
             very
             great
             ,
             their
             flight
             by
             Sea
             cut
             off
             ,
             their
             safety
             by
             Land
             so
             difficult
             ,
             did
             neither
             hinder
             the
             Enemy
             towing
             away
             their
             Ships
             ,
             from
             under
             their
             noses
             ,
             nor
             demanded
             their
             Dead
             ,
             judging
             their
             want
             of
             Burial
             a
             less
             Calamity
             than
             the
             leaving
             behind
             the
             sick
             and
             the
             wounded
             ;
             all
             this
             they
             had
             before
             their
             eyes
             ,
             yet
             far
             more
             miserable
             than
             those
             did
             they
             reckon
             themselves
             ,
             who
             were
             to
             work
             yet
             thorow
             more
             such
             evils
             ,
             after
             all
             ,
             to
             make
             certainly
             the
             same
             end
             .
          
           
             Now
             the
             Athenians
             prepared
             to
             dislodge
             that
             night
             .
          
           
             Gylippus
             seeing
             the
             Syracusians
             fast
             at
             their
             Sacrifice
             and
             their
             Cups
             for
             their
             Victories
             ,
             
             and
             it
             being
             also
             a
             Holiday
             ,
             expected
             not
             either
             by
             Perswasion
             ,
             or
             by
             Force
             to
             rouze
             them
             up
             ,
             and
             carry
             them
             against
             the
             Athenians
             as
             they
             decamp'd
             .
             But
             Hermocrates
             ,
             of
             his
             own
             Head
             ,
             put
             a
             trick
             upon
             Nicias
             ;
             sending
             some
             of
             his
             Companions
             to
             him
             ,
             that
             pretended
             
               they
               came
               from
               those
               that
               were
               wont
               to
               hold
               secret
               intelligence
               with
               him
               ,
               to
               advise
               him
               not
               to
               stir
               that
               night
               ,
               the
            
             Syracusians
             
               having
               laid
               ambushes
               ,
               and
               all
               beset
               the
               ways
               .
            
          
           
             Nicias
             ,
             caught
             with
             this
             stratagem
             ,
             did
             simply
             stay
             ;
             as
             if
             he
             feared
             lest
             that
             he
             should
             not
             feel
             the
             Enemy
             effectually
             .
             For
             they
             the
             next
             Morning
             Marching
             before
             ,
             seized
             the
             Passes
             ,
             fortified
             where
             the
             Rivers
             were
             fordable
             ,
             cut
             down
             the
             Bridges
             ,
             and
             ordered
             their
             Horsemen
             to
             range
             the
             Plains
             and
             Ground
             that
             lay
             open
             ,
             so
             as
             to
             leave
             no
             manner
             of
             way
             for
             the
             Athenians
             to
             move
             without
             fighting
             .
          
           
             They
             stay'd
             both
             that
             day
             ,
             and
             another
             night
             ,
             then
             went
             along
             ,
             as
             if
             they
             were
             leaving
             their
             own
             ,
             not
             an
             Enemies
             Country
             ,
             lamenting
             and
             howling
             for
             want
             of
             Necessaries
             ,
             and
             for
             their
             parting
             from
             Friends
             and
             Familiars
             that
             were
             not
             able
             to
             help
             themselves
             ;
             and
             likewise
             judging
             the
             present
             evils
             lighter
             than
             those
             they
             expected
             to
             come
             .
          
           
           
             But
             among
             the
             many
             miserable
             Spectacles
             that
             appeared
             up
             and
             down
             in
             the
             Camp
             ,
             the
             saddest
             sight
             of
             all
             ,
             was
             Nicias
             himself
             ,
             labouring
             under
             his
             Malady
             ,
             and
             unworthily
             reduced
             to
             extreme
             want
             of
             all
             accommodations
             ,
             necessary
             for
             his
             condition
             ,
             which
             required
             more
             than
             ordinary
             ,
             because
             of
             his
             Sickness
             ;
             yet
             he
             bore
             up
             under
             all
             this
             Illness
             ,
             and
             underwent
             more
             than
             many
             in
             perfect
             health
             could
             be
             able
             to
             endure
             :
             And
             it
             was
             plainly
             evident
             ,
             that
             all
             this
             toyl
             was
             not
             for
             himself
             ,
             or
             from
             any
             regard
             to
             his
             own
             Life
             ,
             but
             purely
             for
             their
             sake
             under
             his
             Command
             ,
             he
             would
             not
             abandon
             hope
             .
          
           
             And
             indeed
             the
             rest
             were
             given
             over
             to
             weeping
             and
             lamentation
             through
             fear
             or
             sorrow
             ,
             but
             he
             ,
             whenever
             forced
             thereunto
             ,
             't
             was
             manifest
             ,
             he
             reflected
             on
             the
             shame
             and
             dishonour
             of
             this
             Adventure
             ,
             set
             against
             the
             Greatness
             and
             Glory
             he
             had
             expected
             to
             win
             .
          
           
             Not
             only
             beholding
             his
             person
             ,
             but
             calling
             to
             mind
             his
             words
             ,
             and
             the
             disswasions
             he
             used
             to
             prevent
             this
             Expedition
             ,
             they
             reckoned
             that
             so
             much
             the
             less
             did
             he
             deserve
             to
             be
             thus
             wretched
             .
          
           
             And
             they
             had
             no
             heart
             to
             put
             their
             trust
             in
             the
             Gods
             ,
             considering
             that
             a
             Man
             so
             Religious
             ,
             who
             had
             performed
             to
             the
             Powers
             Divine
             so
             many
             and
             so
             great
             Acts
             of
             Devotion
             ,
             should
             have
             no
             more
             favourable
             
             Success
             than
             the
             wickedest
             and
             meanest
             Fellow
             of
             the
             whole
             Army
             .
          
           
             Nicias
             however
             endeavoured
             all
             the
             while
             by
             his
             Voice
             ,
             his
             Countenance
             ,
             and
             his
             Carriage
             ,
             to
             be
             above
             these
             Misfortunes
             ;
             and
             all
             along
             the
             way
             pelted
             at
             ,
             and
             receiving
             Wounds
             eight
             days
             continually
             from
             the
             Enemy
             :
             Yet
             preserved
             he
             the
             Forces
             with
             him
             in
             a
             Body
             entire
             ,
             till
             that
             Demosthenes
             was
             taken
             Prisoner
             .
          
           
             The
             Party
             that
             he
             led
             ,
             whilst
             they
             fought
             and
             made
             a
             stout
             resistance
             ,
             were
             at
             the
             Village
             Polyzelia
             hemmed
             in
             ;
             Demosthenes
             thereupon
             drew
             his
             Sword
             ,
             and
             smote
             ,
             but
             killed
             not
             himself
             ,
             the
             Enemy
             presently
             running
             in
             and
             seizing
             upon
             him
             .
          
           
             So
             soon
             as
             the
             Syracusians
             had
             gone
             and
             informed
             Nicias
             of
             this
             ,
             and
             he
             sent
             some
             Horsemen
             ,
             and
             by
             them
             knew
             the
             certainty
             of
             that
             Armies
             Defeat
             ,
             he
             then
             vouchsafed
             to
             sue
             to
             Gylippus
             for
             a
             Truce
             ,
             
               for
               the
            
             Athenians
             
               to
               depart
               out
               of
            
             Sicily
             ,
             
               leaving
               Hostages
               for
               the
               Money
               that
               the
            
             Syracusians
             
               had
               expended
               in
               the
               War.
            
             
          
           
             But
             now
             they
             would
             not
             hear
             of
             these
             Proposals
             ,
             but
             threatning
             them
             in
             great
             fury
             and
             storm
             ,
             and
             upbraiding
             them
             ,
             let
             fly
             at
             them
             ,
             destitute
             of
             all
             things
             necessary
             .
             Yet
             Nicias
             made
             good
             his
             Retreat
             all
             that
             Night
             ,
             and
             the
             next
             day
             ,
             through
             all
             their
             Darts
             ,
             held
             on
             his
             way
             to
             the
             River
             Assinarus
             ;
             
             there
             the
             Enemy
             encountring
             them
             ,
             drove
             some
             into
             the
             Stream
             ;
             others
             ,
             ready
             to
             die
             for
             thirst
             ,
             plunged
             in
             headlong
             ,
             there
             drinking
             and
             drowning
             with
             the
             same
             labour
             .
             And
             here
             was
             the
             cruellest
             and
             most
             immoderate
             Slaughter
             ;
             till
             Nicias
             ,
             falling
             down
             to
             
               Gylippus
               ,
               Let
               Pity
               ,
               O
            
             Gylippus
             ,
             (
             said
             he
             )
             
               move
               you
               in
               your
               Victory
               ;
               not
               for
               me
               ,
               who
               have
               some
               Glory
               and
               Name
               from
               such
               like
               Misfortunes
               ,
               but
               for
               the
               other
            
             Athenians
             :
             
               You
               well
               know
               ,
               that
               the
               Chance
               of
               War
               is
               common
               to
               all
               ;
               and
               the
            
             Athenians
             
               used
               it
               moderately
               and
               mildly
               towards
               you
               in
               their
               Prosperity
               .
            
          
           
             At
             these
             Words
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             sight
             of
             
               Nicias
               ,
               Gylippus
            
             was
             somewhat
             troubled
             ;
             for
             he
             was
             sensible
             that
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             had
             received
             good
             Offices
             from
             Nicias
             in
             the
             late
             Treaty
             ;
             and
             he
             thought
             it
             a
             great
             and
             glorious
             Action
             ,
             to
             carry
             off
             the
             Chief
             Commanders
             of
             the
             Athenians
             alive
             :
             Wherefore
             he
             received
             Nicias
             with
             respect
             ,
             and
             bid
             him
             
               be
               of
               good
               Chear
            
             ;
             and
             commanded
             his
             Men
             to
             spare
             the
             Lives
             of
             the
             rest
             ;
             but
             the
             Word
             of
             Command
             being
             communicated
             slowly
             ,
             the
             Slain
             were
             far
             the
             greater
             number
             than
             the
             Prisoners
             .
             Yet
             many
             were
             privily
             conveyed
             away
             by
             particular
             Soldiers
             ;
             those
             taken
             openly
             were
             hurried
             together
             on
             heaps
             ,
             their
             Arms
             and
             Spoils
             hung
             up
             on
             the
             goodliest
             and
             the
             
             fairest
             Trees
             all
             along
             the
             River
             ;
             the
             Conquerors
             Crowned
             ,
             their
             Horses
             splendidly
             adorned
             ,
             with
             those
             of
             their
             Enemy
             cropp'd
             and
             cut
             bare
             ,
             entred
             the
             City
             ,
             having
             ,
             in
             the
             noblest
             Contest
             ,
             wag'd
             by
             Greeks
             against
             Greeks
             ,
             and
             with
             the
             greatest
             Strength
             ,
             and
             the
             utmost
             Effort
             of
             Valour
             and
             Manhood
             ,
             won
             a
             most
             entire
             Victory
             .
          
           
             And
             a
             General
             Assembly
             of
             the
             People
             of
             Syracuse
             ,
             and
             their
             Confederates
             ,
             sitting
             ,
             Euricles
             ,
             a
             leading
             Man
             ,
             moved
             first
             ,
             
               That
               the
               Day
               on
               which
               they
               took
            
             Nicias
             ,
             
               should
               from
               thence-forward
               be
               kept
               Holy-day
               ,
               by
               Sacrificing
               ,
               and
               forbearing
               all
               manner
               of
               Work
               ;
               and
               from
               the
               River
               ,
               be
               called
               ,
               the
            
             Assinarian
             Feast
             .
             This
             was
             the
             Twenty
             sixth
             day
             of
             the
             Month
             of
             
               July
               .
               And
               that
               the
               Servants
               of
               the
            
             Athenians
             ,
             
               and
               the
               other
               Confederates
               ,
               be
               sold
               for
               Slaves
               ;
               themselves
               ,
               and
               the
            
             Sicilian
             
               Auxiliaries
               ,
               to
               be
               kept
               and
               employed
               in
               the
               Quarries
               ;
               except
               the
               Captains
               ,
               and
               they
               to
               be
               put
               to
               death
               .
            
          
           
             As
             the
             Syracusians
             debated
             these
             matters
             ▪
             Hermocrates
             saying
             ,
             
               That
               to
               use
               well
               a
               Victory
               ,
               was
               better
               than
               to
               gain
               a
               Victory
            
             ;
             They
             ,
             in
             a
             great
             Hubbub
             ,
             rebuked
             him
             warmly
             .
             And
             Gylippus
             demanding
             the
             Athenian
             Generals
             to
             be
             delivered
             to
             him
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             carry
             them
             to
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ,
             the
             Syracusians
             ,
             now
             insolent
             with
             
             their
             good
             Fortune
             ,
             gave
             him
             ill
             Words
             .
             Yet
             before
             this
             ,
             even
             in
             the
             War
             ,
             they
             hardly
             endured
             his
             austere
             Carriage
             ,
             and
             Lacedaemonian
             Haughtiness
             :
             And
             (
             as
             Timaeus
             tells
             us
             )
             they
             condemned
             in
             him
             his
             Sordidness
             and
             Avarice
             ,
             an
             Hereditary
             Vice
             ;
             for
             which
             also
             his
             Father
             Cleandrides
             ,
             convicted
             of
             Bribery
             ,
             was
             banish'd
             :
             And
             this
             very
             Man
             ,
             of
             the
             One
             thousand
             Talents
             which
             Lysander
             sent
             to
             Sparta
             ,
             embezell'd
             Thirty
             ,
             and
             hid
             them
             under
             the
             Tyles
             of
             his
             House
             ;
             which
             being
             detected
             ,
             he
             most
             shamefully
             ran
             his
             Country
             .
             But
             these
             Matters
             are
             more
             at
             large
             handled
             in
             the
             Life
             of
             
               Lysander
               .
               Timaeus
            
             does
             not
             say
             ,
             that
             Demosthenes
             and
             Nicias
             were
             stoned
             to
             death
             ,
             as
             Thucydides
             and
             Philistus
             have
             left
             written
             ,
             but
             that
             upon
             a
             Message
             from
             Hermocrates
             (
             whilst
             yet
             the
             Assembly
             were
             sitting
             )
             admitted
             to
             them
             by
             some
             of
             the
             Guards
             ,
             they
             slew
             themselves
             ;
             and
             their
             Bodies
             ,
             thrown
             out
             before
             the
             Gates
             ,
             lay
             open
             for
             a
             Publick
             Spectacle
             .
          
           
             I
             have
             heard
             that
             now
             to
             this
             day
             ,
             in
             a
             Temple
             at
             Syracuse
             ,
             is
             shown
             a
             shield
             ,
             said
             to
             have
             been
             
             Nicias's
             ,
             with
             Gold
             and
             Purple
             curiously
             wrought
             and
             embroidered
             .
             Most
             of
             the
             Athenians
             perish'd
             in
             the
             Quarries
             by
             Diseases
             and
             ill
             Dyet
             ,
             allowed
             only
             two
             pints
             of
             Barley
             every
             day
             ,
             and
             one
             of
             Water
             .
             Many
             of
             them
             were
             carried
             off
             by
             
             stealth
             and
             sold
             ,
             or
             concealed
             amongst
             the
             Slaves
             ,
             and
             sold
             as
             Slaves
             ,
             having
             mark'd
             an
             Horse
             on
             their
             foreheads
             ,
             which
             they
             suffered
             over
             and
             above
             their
             slavery
             .
          
           
             But
             their
             modesty
             and
             handsome
             carriage
             was
             an
             advantage
             to
             them
             ;
             for
             they
             were
             either
             soon
             set
             free
             ,
             or
             winning
             respect
             ,
             continued
             with
             those
             who
             possest
             them
             .
          
           
             Several
             amongst
             them
             were
             saved
             for
             the
             sake
             of
             Euripides
             ;
             for
             ,
             of
             all
             the
             In-land
             Grecians
             ,
             his
             Muse
             (
             it
             seems
             )
             was
             of
             highest
             esteem
             with
             the
             Men
             of
             Sicily
             .
             And
             when
             any
             Travellers
             arrived
             ,
             that
             could
             tell
             them
             some
             Copy
             ,
             or
             give
             them
             any
             tast
             of
             his
             Verses
             ,
             they
             lovingly
             communicated
             them
             to
             one
             another
             .
             Many
             of
             those
             that
             were
             preserved
             ,
             are
             said
             ,
             after
             they
             got
             home
             ,
             to
             have
             gone
             and
             made
             their
             acknowledgments
             to
             Euripides
             ,
             relating
             how
             that
             some
             of
             them
             had
             been
             released
             from
             their
             slavery
             ,
             by
             teaching
             what
             they
             could
             remember
             of
             his
             Poems
             ;
             and
             others
             ,
             when
             stragling
             after
             the
             fight
             ,
             been
             relieved
             with
             Meat
             and
             Drink
             for
             repeating
             some
             of
             his
             Lines
             .
             Nor
             need
             this
             be
             any
             wonder
             ,
             for
             't
             is
             reported
             ,
             That
             a
             Ship
             of
             Caunus
             fleeing
             into
             their
             Harbour
             for
             Protection
             ,
             pursued
             by
             Pyrats
             ,
             was
             not
             received
             ,
             but
             forced
             back
             ,
             till
             one
             asked
             if
             they
             had
             any
             of
             
             Euripides's
             Verses
             ,
             who
             saying
             they
             had
             ,
             they
             were
             admitted
             ,
             and
             their
             Ship
             brought
             into
             Harbour
             .
          
           
           
             'T
             is
             said
             ,
             that
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             chiefly
             ,
             because
             of
             the
             Reporter
             ,
             cou'd
             not
             believe
             their
             loss
             ;
             for
             a
             certain
             Stranger
             (
             it
             seems
             )
             coming
             to
             Peiraeum
             ,
             and
             there
             sitting
             in
             a
             Barbers
             Shop
             ,
             and
             talking
             of
             what
             had
             hapned
             ,
             let
             fall
             some
             words
             ,
             as
             if
             the
             Athenians
             already
             knew
             all
             that
             had
             past
             ;
             which
             the
             Barber
             hearing
             ,
             before
             he
             acquainted
             any
             body
             else
             ,
             he
             ran
             ,
             in
             all
             hast
             ,
             up
             into
             the
             City
             ,
             applyed
             himself
             to
             the
             Archons
             ,
             and
             presently
             spread
             it
             all
             about
             .
             Whereupon
             there
             being
             every
             where
             (
             as
             may
             be
             imagin'd
             )
             great
             Fear
             and
             Consternation
             ,
             the
             Archons
             summoned
             a
             general
             Assembly
             ,
             and
             there
             brought
             in
             the
             Man
             ,
             and
             questioned
             him
             how
             he
             came
             to
             know
             those
             things
             ;
             and
             he
             ,
             giving
             no
             satisfactory
             account
             ,
             was
             taken
             for
             a
             spreader
             of
             False
             News
             ,
             and
             one
             that
             trouble
             the
             City
             ;
             and
             was
             therefore
             fastned
             to
             the
             Wheel
             ,
             and
             rack't
             a
             long
             time
             ,
             till
             other
             Messengers
             arrived
             ,
             that
             related
             the
             whole
             Disaster
             particularly
             .
             Thus
             ,
             at
             the
             length
             ,
             was
             Nicias
             believed
             ,
             suffering
             what
             he
             so
             often
             had
             foretold
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             THE
             LIFE
             OF
             MARCUS
             CRASSUS
             .
          
           
             Translated
             from
             the
             Greek
             ,
             by
             Mr.
             Amhurst
             ,
             
               Esq
            
             Volume
             III.
             
          
           
             
               MArcus
               Crassus
            
             ,
             whose
             Father
             had
             born
             the
             Office
             of
             a
             Censor
             ,
             and
             received
             the
             Honour
             of
             a
             Triumph
             ,
             was
             Educated
             in
             a
             little
             House
             together
             with
             his
             two
             Brothers
             ,
             who
             both
             Married
             in
             their
             Parents
             Life-time
             ,
             and
             they
             kept
             but
             one
             Table
             amongst
             them
             all
             ,
             which
             (
             perhaps
             )
             was
             not
             the
             least
             reason
             of
             this
             Man's
             Temperance
             and
             Moderation
             in
             Diet
             ;
             but
             one
             of
             his
             Brothers
          
           
             
               MARCUS
               CRASSUS
               .
            
          
           
             
               
                 This
                 is
                 y
                 
                 e.
                 certain
                 Hate
                 of
                 Avarice
                 ,
              
               
                 Like
                 Dropsy
                 Patients
                 ,
                 Crassus
                 drinks
                 ,
                 and
                 dys
                 .
              
            
          
           
           
           
             dying
             ,
             he
             Married
             his
             Widow
             ,
             by
             whom
             he
             had
             his
             Children
             ;
             neither
             was
             he
             ,
             as
             to
             this
             ,
             less
             continent
             than
             any
             of
             the
             Romans
             ,
             though
             when
             he
             was
             grown
             up
             ,
             he
             was
             suspected
             to
             have
             been
             familiar
             with
             one
             of
             the
             Vestal
             Virgins
             ,
             named
             Licinia
             ,
             who
             was
             nevertheless
             acquitted
             ,
             one
             Plotinus
             managing
             the
             Evidence
             against
             her
             .
             Now
             this
             Licinia
             stood
             possessed
             of
             a
             fair
             Country
             Seat
             ,
             which
             Crassus
             desiring
             to
             purchase
             at
             under-rate
             ,
             he
             was
             always
             lying
             
             at
             her
             ,
             and
             attending
             of
             her
             ,
             and
             this
             gave
             occasion
             to
             the
             Scandal
             ;
             but
             he
             likewise
             was
             acquitted
             ,
             his
             Avarice
             ,
             in
             some
             measure
             ,
             clearing
             him
             of
             Incest
             ;
             but
             however
             he
             never
             left
             the
             Lady
             till
             he
             had
             got
             her
             Estate
             .
             People
             were
             wont
             to
             say
             ,
             That
             all
             the
             many
             Vertues
             of
             Crassus
             were
             darkned
             by
             this
             one
             Vice
             of
             Avarice
             ,
             and
             indeed
             he
             seemed
             to
             have
             no
             other
             but
             that
             ;
             for
             it
             being
             the
             most
             predominant
             ,
             obscured
             the
             other
             Vices
             to
             which
             he
             was
             inclined
             ,
             and
             the
             Arguments
             they
             alledged
             ,
             were
             the
             vastness
             of
             his
             Estate
             ,
             and
             the
             manner
             of
             raising
             it
             ;
             for
             whereas
             at
             first
             he
             was
             not
             worth
             above
             300
             Talents
             ,
             yet
             
             being
             entered
             upon
             Administration
             of
             Affairs
             ,
             though
             he
             had
             Sacrific'd
             the
             Tenths
             of
             all
             he
             had
             to
             Hercules
             ,
             and
             feasted
             the
             People
             ,
             and
             gave
             to
             every
             Citizen
             Corn
             enough
             to
             serve
             him
             Three
             Months
             ;
             yet
             
             upon
             casting
             up
             his
             Accounts
             ,
             before
             he
             went
             upon
             his
             Parthian
             Expedition
             ,
             he
             found
             them
             amount
             to
             Seventy
             thousand
             Talents
             ,
             most
             of
             which
             ,
             if
             we
             may
             scandal
             him
             with
             a
             Truth
             ,
             he
             got
             by
             Fire
             and
             Rapine
             ,
             making
             his
             advantages
             of
             the
             Publick
             Calamities
             :
             for
             when
             Sylla
             seized
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             exposed
             to
             sale
             the
             Goods
             of
             those
             that
             he
             had
             caused
             to
             be
             slain
             ,
             accounting
             them
             Booty
             and
             Spoyls
             ,
             and
             calling
             them
             so
             too
             ,
             and
             being
             willing
             to
             make
             as
             many
             of
             the
             most
             substantial
             Citizens
             as
             he
             could
             ,
             partakers
             in
             the
             Crime
             ,
             Crassus
             never
             
             was
             the
             man
             that
             refused
             to
             accept
             ,
             or
             give
             money
             for
             them
             .
             Moreover
             ,
             observing
             how
             extreamly
             subject
             the
             City
             was
             to
             fire
             ,
             and
             falling
             down
             of
             Houses
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             their
             height
             ,
             and
             standing
             so
             near
             together
             ;
             he
             bought
             Slaves
             that
             were
             Builders
             and
             Architects
             ,
             and
             when
             he
             had
             got
             to
             the
             number
             of
             500
             ,
             he
             bought
             the
             Houses
             that
             were
             on
             fire
             ,
             and
             those
             in
             the
             Neighbourhood
             ,
             which
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             present
             danger
             and
             uncertainty
             ,
             the
             old
             Proprietors
             were
             willing
             to
             part
             with
             for
             little
             or
             nothing
             :
             so
             that
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             Rome
             ,
             at
             one
             time
             or
             other
             ,
             came
             into
             his
             hands
             .
             Yet
             for
             all
             he
             had
             so
             many
             Workmen
             ,
             he
             never
             built
             any
             thing
             but
             his
             own
             House
             ;
             because
             ,
             said
             he
             ,
             those
             that
             are
             addicted
             to
             Building
             will
             undo
             themselves
             soon
             enough
             
             without
             the
             help
             of
             other
             Enemies
             ;
             but
             hired
             his
             Servants
             out
             to
             Citizens
             that
             had
             a
             mind
             to
             build
             ,
             and
             sold
             'em
             as
             much
             Ground
             as
             they
             had
             need
             of
             :
             But
             although
             he
             had
             so
             much
             ready
             Cash
             ,
             and
             rich
             Land
             ,
             and
             Labourers
             to
             work
             in
             it
             ,
             yet
             all
             this
             was
             nothing
             in
             Comparison
             of
             his
             Servants
             .
             So
             many
             ,
             and
             so
             excellent
             Lecturers
             ,
             Amanuenses
             ,
             Silver-Smiths
             ,
             Stewards
             ,
             and
             Table-waiters
             ,
             and
             he
             always
             stood
             over
             them
             to
             inspect
             and
             teach
             them
             himself
             ,
             accounting
             it
             the
             Duty
             of
             a
             Master
             to
             look
             over
             the
             Servants
             ,
             that
             are
             indeed
             the
             
               living
               tools
            
             of
             House-keeping
             ;
             and
             herein
             he
             was
             in
             the
             right
             (
             if
             he
             spoke
             as
             he
             meant
             )
             that
             the
             Servants
             ought
             to
             look
             after
             all
             other
             things
             ,
             and
             the
             Master
             after
             them
             :
             For
             Oeconomy
             ,
             which
             in
             things
             Inanimate
             is
             but
             good
             Huswifery
             ,
             in
             men
             becomes
             Policy
             :
             but
             surely
             he
             was
             mistaken
             when
             he
             said
             ,
             No
             man
             was
             to
             be
             accounted
             Rich
             ,
             that
             could
             not
             maintain
             an
             Army
             at
             his
             own
             Cost
             and
             Charges
             ;
             for
             War
             ,
             as
             Archidamas
             well
             observed
             ,
             has
             no
             certain
             Allowance
             ,
             the
             charge
             of
             which
             is
             indefinite
             ;
             and
             he
             was
             clear
             of
             another
             opinion
             than
             
               C.
               Marcus
            
             ;
             for
             he
             when
             he
             had
             distributed
             fourteen
             Acres
             of
             Land
             a
             Man
             ,
             and
             understanding
             that
             some
             desired
             more
             ;
             God
             forbid
             (
             says
             he
             )
             that
             any
             Roman
             should
             think
             that
             too
             little
             which
             is
             enough
             to
             keep
             him
             
             alive
             and
             lusty
             ;
             but
             however
             Crassus
             was
             very
             hospitable
             to
             Strangers
             ,
             for
             he
             kept
             open
             House
             ;
             and
             to
             his
             Friends
             he
             would
             lend
             Money
             Interest-free
             ;
             but
             he
             called
             it
             in
             precisely
             at
             the
             time
             ;
             so
             that
             his
             Kindness
             was
             worse
             than
             the
             paying
             the
             Interest
             would
             have
             been
             .
             As
             for
             his
             Entertainments
             ,
             they
             were
             very
             frank
             and
             courteous
             ,
             his
             Company
             generally
             of
             the
             middle
             sort
             ,
             the
             neatness
             and
             contrivance
             of
             them
             looking
             better
             than
             if
             they
             had
             been
             more
             Magnificent
             .
             As
             for
             Learning
             ,
             he
             chiefly
             minded
             Rhetorick
             ,
             and
             such
             Studies
             as
             might
             accomplish
             most
             for
             Publick
             Employments
             ;
             for
             although
             he
             was
             naturally
             as
             good
             a
             Spokesman
             as
             almost
             any
             of
             them
             ,
             yet
             in
             his
             Pains
             and
             Industry
             he
             surpassed
             them
             all
             ;
             for
             there
             was
             no
             Trial
             ,
             how
             mean
             and
             contemptible
             soever
             ,
             that
             he
             came
             to
             unprepared
             ;
             nay
             ,
             several
             times
             he
             has
             gone
             through
             with
             a
             Cause
             ,
             when
             Pompey
             ,
             and
             Caesar
             ,
             and
             Tully
             himself
             have
             refused
             to
             stand
             up
             ,
             upon
             which
             account
             particularly
             he
             got
             the
             Love
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             who
             looked
             upon
             him
             as
             a
             necessary
             Man
             ,
             and
             one
             ready
             to
             do
             a
             good
             turn
             :
             Besides
             ,
             the
             People
             were
             pleased
             with
             his
             courteous
             and
             frank
             Salutations
             and
             Greetings
             ;
             for
             he
             never
             met
             any
             Citizen
             ,
             how
             mean
             and
             low
             soever
             ,
             but
             he
             returned
             him
             his
             Salute
             by
             Name
             .
             He
             was
             looked
             upon
             as
             a
             man
             
             well
             read
             in
             History
             ,
             and
             pretty
             well
             seen
             in
             
             Aristotle's
             Philosophy
             ,
             which
             one
             Alexander
             read
             to
             him
             ,
             whose
             Commerce
             with
             Crassus
             was
             a
             sufficient
             Argument
             of
             his
             good
             nature
             and
             meek
             disposition
             :
             For
             't
             is
             hard
             to
             say
             whether
             he
             was
             poorer
             when
             he
             entered
             into
             his
             Service
             ,
             or
             while
             he
             continued
             in
             it
             ;
             for
             being
             his
             only
             Friend
             that
             used
             to
             accompany
             him
             in
             his
             Progresses
             he
             would
             lend
             him
             a
             Cloak
             for
             a
             Journey
             ,
             and
             when
             he
             came
             home
             demand
             it
             again
             .
             O
             the
             patience
             of
             the
             Wretch
             ,
             when
             even
             the
             Philosophy
             he
             professed
             did
             not
             look
             upon
             Poverty
             as
             a
             thing
             indifferent
             !
             but
             of
             this
             hereafter
             ,
             when
             Cinna
             and
             Marius
             got
             the
             Power
             in
             their
             hands
             ,
             't
             was
             soon
             perceived
             that
             they
             came
             not
             for
             any
             good
             they
             intended
             to
             their
             Country
             but
             designing
             the
             ruine
             and
             utter
             destruction
             of
             the
             Nobility
             ,
             and
             as
             many
             as
             they
             could
             lay
             their
             hands
             on
             they
             slew
             ,
             amongst
             which
             was
             Crassus
             his
             Father
             and
             Brother
             ;
             but
             himself
             being
             very
             young
             ,
             for
             the
             present
             escaped
             the
             danger
             ;
             but
             understanding
             that
             he
             was
             every
             way
             beset
             ,
             and
             hunted
             after
             by
             the
             Tyrants
             ,
             taking
             with
             him
             three
             Friends
             and
             ten
             Servants
             ,
             with
             all
             possible
             speed
             he
             fled
             into
             Spain
             ,
             having
             formerly
             been
             there
             ,
             and
             contracted
             a
             great
             acquaintance
             while
             his
             Father
             was
             Prator
             of
             that
             Country
             ;
             but
             finding
             all
             
             People
             in
             a
             Consternation
             ,
             and
             dreading
             the
             Cruelty
             of
             Marius
             ,
             as
             if
             he
             was
             already
             at
             their
             Doors
             ,
             he
             durst
             not
             discover
             himself
             to
             any
             Body
             ,
             but
             hid
             himself
             in
             a
             large
             Cave
             ,
             which
             was
             by
             the
             Sea-shore
             ,
             and
             belonged
             to
             
               Vibius
               Pacianus
            
             ,
             to
             whom
             he
             sent
             one
             of
             his
             Servants
             to
             sound
             him
             ,
             his
             Provisions
             also
             beginning
             to
             fail
             .
             Vibius
             was
             well
             pleased
             at
             his
             Escape
             ,
             and
             enquiring
             the
             place
             of
             his
             abode
             ,
             and
             the
             number
             of
             his
             Companions
             ,
             he
             went
             not
             to
             him
             himself
             ,
             but
             Commanded
             his
             Bayliff
             to
             provide
             every
             day
             a
             good
             Meals-meat
             ,
             and
             carry
             it
             and
             leave
             it
             upon
             such
             a
             Stone
             ,
             and
             so
             return
             without
             taking
             any
             further
             notice
             ,
             or
             being
             inquisitive
             ,
             promising
             him
             his
             Liberty
             if
             he
             did
             as
             he
             commanded
             ,
             and
             that
             he
             would
             kill
             him
             if
             he
             did
             otherwise
             .
             The
             Cave
             is
             not
             far
             from
             the
             Sea
             ,
             made
             by
             the
             closing
             together
             of
             some
             Cliffs
             ,
             through
             the
             Chinks
             of
             which
             enters
             a
             refreshing
             and
             delicate
             Gale
             :
             When
             you
             are
             entred
             ,
             you
             find
             a
             wonderful
             high
             Roof
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             many
             very
             large
             Rooms
             one
             within
             another
             ;
             neither
             is
             it
             void
             of
             Water
             or
             Light
             ;
             for
             a
             very
             pleasant
             and
             wholsome
             Spring
             runs
             through
             the
             Cliffs
             ,
             and
             the
             natural
             Chinks
             let
             in
             the
             Light
             all
             day
             long
             ;
             and
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             thickness
             of
             the
             Rock
             ,
             the
             Air
             within
             is
             pure
             and
             clear
             ,
             that
             which
             is
             foggy
             and
             unhealthful
             being
             carried
             
             away
             with
             the
             Stream
             .
             While
             Crassus
             remained
             here
             ,
             the
             Steward
             brought
             them
             what
             was
             necessary
             ,
             but
             never
             saw
             them
             ,
             nor
             knew
             any
             thing
             of
             the
             matter
             ,
             though
             they
             within
             saw
             ,
             and
             expected
             him
             at
             the
             customary
             times
             ;
             neither
             was
             their
             entertainment
             such
             as
             just
             to
             keep
             them
             alive
             ,
             but
             very
             plentiful
             and
             delicious
             ;
             for
             Pacianus
             resolved
             to
             treat
             him
             with
             all
             imaginable
             Civility
             ;
             and
             considering
             he
             was
             a
             young
             Gentleman
             ,
             he
             resolv'd
             to
             gratifie
             a
             little
             his
             youthful
             Inclinations
             ;
             for
             to
             give
             just
             what
             is
             needful
             ,
             seems
             rather
             to
             come
             from
             necessity
             ,
             than
             from
             a
             hearty
             Friend
             .
             Taking
             with
             him
             therefore
             two
             handsom
             Damsels
             ,
             he
             shew'd
             them
             the
             place
             ,
             and
             bid
             them
             go
             in
             boldly
             ;
             whom
             when
             Crassus
             and
             his
             Friends
             saw
             ,
             they
             were
             afraid
             of
             being
             betray'd
             ;
             demanding
             therefore
             what
             they
             were
             ,
             and
             what
             they
             would
             have
             ,
             they
             ,
             according
             as
             they
             were
             instructed
             ,
             answered
             ,
             They
             came
             to
             wait
             upon
             their
             Master
             ,
             who
             was
             hid
             in
             that
             Cave
             .
             Then
             Crassus
             perceiving
             't
             was
             a
             kind
             Trick
             of
             Vibius
             ,
             took
             the
             Damsels
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             kept
             them
             there
             with
             him
             as
             long
             as
             he
             staid
             ,
             who
             gave
             an
             account
             to
             Vibius
             of
             what
             they
             wanted
             ,
             and
             how
             their
             Case
             stood
             .
             One
             of
             which
             Ladies
             ,
             though
             she
             was
             very
             old
             ,
             Femestellus
             says
             ,
             he
             had
             seen
             ,
             and
             often
             heard
             her
             tell
             the
             Story
             .
          
           
           
             When
             Crassus
             had
             lain
             concealed
             there
             eight
             Months
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             he
             understood
             Cinna
             was
             dead
             ,
             he
             appeared
             abroad
             ,
             a
             great
             number
             of
             People
             flocking
             to
             him
             ,
             out
             of
             which
             he
             selected
             2500.
             
             He
             visited
             many
             Cities
             (
             and
             as
             some
             write
             )
             sack'd
             Halaca
             ;
             though
             he
             ever
             obstinately
             denied
             it
             ;
             hence
             getting
             together
             some
             Ships
             ,
             he
             passes
             into
             Africa
             ,
             and
             joyns
             with
             
               Metellus
               Pius
            
             an
             eminent
             Person
             ,
             that
             had
             raised
             a
             very
             considerable
             Army
             ;
             but
             upon
             some
             difference
             between
             him
             and
             Metellus
             ,
             he
             stay'd
             not
             long
             there
             ,
             but
             went
             over
             to
             Sylla
             ,
             by
             whom
             he
             was
             very
             much
             esteemed
             ;
             when
             Sylla
             passed
             over
             into
             Italy
             ,
             he
             kept
             all
             the
             young
             Noble-men
             ,
             that
             were
             with
             him
             in
             Employment
             ,
             some
             he
             dispatched
             one
             way
             ,
             and
             some
             another
             ,
             it
             fell
             to
             Crassus
             his
             share
             to
             raise
             men
             among
             the
             Marsians
             ,
             he
             demanded
             a
             Guard
             ,
             being
             to
             pass
             through
             the
             Enemie's
             Countrey
             ,
             to
             whom
             Sylla
             replied
             sharply
             ;
             I
             give
             you
             for
             Guard
             ,
             your
             Father
             ,
             your
             Brother
             ,
             your
             Friends
             and
             Kindred
             ,
             whose
             unjust
             and
             cruel
             murther
             I
             am
             now
             going
             to
             revenge
             ;
             whereat
             Crassus
             being
             netled
             ,
             he
             went
             his
             way
             ,
             broke
             boldly
             through
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             behaved
             himself
             briskly
             in
             all
             
             Sylla's
             Encounters
             ,
             from
             whence
             ,
             they
             say
             ,
             began
             the
             Emulation
             for
             Glory
             between
             him
             and
             Pompey
             ;
             for
             though
             Pompey
             was
             the
             
             younger
             man
             ,
             and
             had
             the
             disadvantage
             to
             be
             descended
             of
             a
             Father
             that
             was
             disesteemed
             by
             the
             Citizens
             ,
             and
             hated
             as
             much
             as
             ever
             Man
             was
             ;
             yet
             in
             these
             Affairs
             he
             appeared
             so
             glorious
             and
             great
             ,
             that
             Sylla
             always
             used
             when
             he
             came
             in
             ,
             to
             stand
             up
             ,
             and
             pull
             off
             his
             Hat
             ,
             an
             Honour
             which
             he
             seldom
             shewed
             to
             Older
             men
             ,
             and
             of
             as
             good
             Quality
             ,
             evermore
             he
             saluted
             him
             Imperator
             ;
             this
             fir'd
             and
             stung
             Crassus
             ,
             though
             indeed
             't
             was
             but
             
             Pompey's
             due
             to
             be
             preferred
             ,
             for
             he
             both
             wanted
             experience
             ,
             and
             his
             two
             innate
             Vices
             ,
             Sordidness
             and
             Avarice
             ,
             Tarnish'd
             all
             the
             Lustre
             of
             his
             Actions
             ;
             for
             when
             he
             had
             taken
             Turdesia
             ,
             a
             Town
             of
             the
             Vmbrians
             ,
             he
             converted
             all
             the
             Spoil
             to
             his
             own
             use
             ,
             for
             which
             he
             was
             complained
             of
             to
             Sylla
             :
             Nay
             ,
             in
             the
             last
             and
             greatest
             Battle
             before
             Rome
             it self
             ,
             where
             Sylla
             was
             worsted
             ,
             some
             of
             his
             Batalions
             giving
             ground
             ,
             and
             others
             quite
             broken
             ;
             though
             Crassus
             got
             the
             Victory
             in
             the
             right
             Wing
             which
             he
             Commanded
             ,
             and
             pursued
             the
             Enemy
             till
             night
             ,
             he
             then
             sent
             to
             Sylla
             to
             acquaint
             him
             with
             his
             Success
             ,
             and
             demand
             Provision
             for
             his
             Soldiers
             .
             By
             Prescriptions
             and
             Sequestrations
             he
             lost
             his
             repute
             ,
             by
             making
             great
             purchases
             for
             little
             or
             nothing
             ,
             and
             expecting
             Presents
             too
             besides
             :
             Nay
             ,
             they
             say
             he
             sequestred
             some
             one
             of
             the
             Brescians
             without
             
             
             Sylla's
             Order
             ,
             only
             for
             his
             own
             profit
             ,
             wherefore
             Sylla
             never
             after
             trusted
             him
             in
             any
             Publick
             Affairs
             .
             As
             no
             man
             was
             more
             cunning
             than
             Crassus
             to
             ensnare
             others
             by
             flattery
             ;
             so
             no
             man
             lay
             more
             open
             to
             it
             ,
             or
             swallowed
             the
             Bait
             more
             greedily
             than
             himself
             ;
             and
             this
             particularly
             was
             observed
             of
             him
             ,
             that
             though
             he
             was
             the
             most
             covetous
             and
             scraping
             man
             in
             the
             World
             ,
             yet
             he
             ever
             hated
             and
             railed
             at
             such
             People
             .
             It
             troubled
             him
             to
             see
             Pompey
             so
             successfull
             in
             all
             his
             Undertakings
             ,
             that
             he
             had
             rode
             in
             Triumph
             before
             he
             was
             capable
             to
             sit
             in
             the
             Senate
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             People
             had
             sirnamed
             him
             the
             Great
             ,
             and
             when
             some
             body
             was
             saying
             ,
             Pompey
             the
             Great
             was
             coming
             ,
             he
             smiled
             and
             asked
             him
             ,
             Why
             ,
             how
             big
             is
             he
             ?
             despairing
             therefore
             to
             equal
             him
             by
             Feats
             of
             Arms
             ,
             he
             betook
             himself
             to
             the
             long
             Robe
             ,
             when
             by
             doing
             kindnesses
             ,
             pleading
             ,
             lending
             money
             ,
             by
             standing
             by
             and
             voting
             for
             those
             that
             stood
             for
             Offices
             ,
             he
             arrived
             at
             as
             great
             Honour
             and
             Power
             ,
             as
             Pompey
             had
             from
             his
             many
             famous
             Expeditions
             ,
             and
             this
             was
             peculiar
             to
             them
             ,
             
             Pompey's
             name
             and
             interest
             in
             the
             City
             was
             greatest
             when
             he
             was
             absent
             ,
             for
             his
             Renown
             in
             War
             ,
             but
             when
             present
             he
             was
             often
             less
             esteemed
             than
             Crassus
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             his
             superciliousness
             and
             haughty
             way
             of
             living
             ,
             shunning
             mean
             Company
             ,
             and
             appearing
             
             rarely
             at
             the
             Forum
             ,
             assisting
             only
             some
             few
             ,
             and
             that
             not
             readily
             ,
             that
             his
             Interest
             might
             be
             the
             stronger
             when
             he
             came
             to
             use
             it
             for
             himself
             ;
             whereas
             Crassus
             being
             a
             Friend
             always
             at
             hand
             ,
             ready
             and
             easie
             of
             access
             ,
             and
             very
             well
             experienced
             in
             these
             Affairs
             ,
             with
             his
             Freedom
             and
             Courtesie
             got
             the
             better
             of
             
             Pompey's
             Formality
             .
             As
             for
             the
             Gracefulness
             of
             Body
             ,
             Eloquence
             of
             their
             Discourse
             ,
             and
             Dignity
             of
             their
             Persons
             ,
             they
             were
             equally
             excellent
             :
             But
             however
             this
             Emulation
             never
             transported
             him
             so
             far
             as
             to
             quarrel
             him
             ,
             or
             bear
             him
             any
             ill
             will
             ;
             for
             though
             he
             was
             grieved
             to
             see
             Pompey
             and
             Caesar
             preferred
             to
             him
             ,
             yet
             he
             never
             added
             Baseness
             to
             his
             Jealousie
             ,
             though
             Caesar
             ,
             when
             he
             was
             taken
             Captive
             by
             the
             Corsairs
             in
             Asia
             ,
             cried
             out
             ,
             O
             Crassus
             ,
             
               how
               wilt
               thou
               rejoice
               at
               the
               News
               of
               my
               Captivity
               ?
            
             Though
             afterwards
             they
             lived
             friendly
             together
             :
             For
             when
             Caesar
             was
             going
             Praetor
             into
             Spain
             ,
             and
             wanting
             Money
             ,
             his
             Creditors
             fell
             upon
             him
             ,
             and
             seized
             upon
             his
             Equipage
             ,
             Crassus
             then
             stood
             by
             him
             and
             relieved
             him
             ,
             and
             was
             his
             Bail
             for
             830
             Talents
             ;
             now
             the
             City
             of
             Rome
             being
             divided
             into
             three
             Factions
             ,
             of
             
               Pompey
               ,
               Caesar
            
             and
             Crassus
             ,
             (
             for
             as
             for
             Cato
             his
             Fame
             was
             greater
             than
             his
             Power
             ,
             being
             rather
             admired
             than
             followed
             )
             the
             sober
             and
             substantial
             part
             were
             for
             Pompey
             ,
             
             the
             brisk
             and
             hot
             headed
             followed
             
             Caesar's
             Ambition
             ,
             but
             Crassus
             trimmed
             between
             them
             ,
             making
             advantages
             of
             both
             ,
             and
             caused
             a
             great
             alteration
             in
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             being
             neither
             a
             trusty
             Friend
             nor
             implacable
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             was
             easily
             angred
             or
             appeased
             according
             as
             he
             found
             it
             for
             his
             advantage
             ,
             so
             that
             in
             a
             small
             time
             he
             would
             assert
             and
             decry
             the
             same
             Laws
             and
             the
             same
             men
             ,
             but
             though
             he
             was
             so
             much
             favoured
             ,
             he
             was
             more
             feared
             ,
             so
             that
             Sicinius
             who
             was
             the
             greatest
             Teizer
             of
             the
             Magistrates
             ,
             and
             Ministers
             of
             his
             time
             ,
             being
             ask'd
             how
             chanc'd
             he
             let
             Crassus
             alone
             ?
             Oh
             ,
             says
             he
             ,
             he
             carries
             Hay
             on
             his
             horns
             ,
             alluded
             to
             the
             custom
             of
             tying
             Hay
             to
             the
             Horns
             of
             a
             Bull
             that
             used
             to
             Butt
             ,
             that
             People
             might
             avoid
             him
             .
             Now
             the
             Insurrection
             of
             the
             Gladiators
             ,
             and
             the
             Desolation
             of
             Italy
             ,
             which
             many
             call
             the
             Sparteceian
             War
             ,
             began
             upon
             this
             occasion
             :
             One
             
               Lentulus
               Batiatus
            
             trained
             up
             a
             great
             many
             Gladiators
             in
             Capua
             (
             many
             of
             which
             were
             Gauls
             and
             Thracians
             )
             who
             not
             for
             any
             fault
             by
             them
             committed
             ,
             but
             by
             the
             injustice
             of
             their
             Master
             ,
             were
             compell'd
             often
             to
             fight
             one
             with
             another
             .
             Two
             hundred
             of
             these
             consulted
             how
             to
             escape
             ,
             but
             their
             Plot
             being
             discovered
             ,
             they
             who
             first
             perceived
             it
             for
             preventions
             sake
             ,
             being
             seventy
             eight
             ,
             got
             out
             of
             a
             
             Cooks
             shop
             chopping-knives
             ,
             Spits
             ,
             &c.
             and
             made
             their
             way
             through
             the
             City
             ;
             and
             lighting
             by
             the
             way
             on
             several
             Waggons
             ,
             that
             were
             carrying
             Gladiators
             Arms
             to
             another
             City
             ,
             they
             seized
             upon
             them
             and
             Armed
             themselves
             ;
             and
             seizing
             upon
             a
             defensible
             place
             ,
             they
             chose
             three
             Captains
             ,
             of
             which
             Spartacus
             was
             chief
             ,
             a
             Thracian
             Shepherd
             ,
             a
             Man
             not
             only
             of
             an
             high
             Spirit
             and
             valiant
             ,
             but
             more
             understanding
             and
             courteous
             than
             could
             be
             expected
             from
             one
             of
             his
             condition
             ,
             and
             more
             Civiliz'd
             than
             the
             People
             of
             that
             Country
             usually
             are
             .
             When
             he
             first
             came
             to
             be
             sold
             at
             Rome
             ,
             they
             say
             a
             Snake
             twined
             about
             his
             Face
             as
             he
             lay
             asleep
             and
             his
             Wife
             who
             also
             accompanied
             him
             ,
             his
             Country-Women
             ,
             a
             kind
             of
             Prophetess
             ,
             and
             inspired
             by
             Bacchus
             ,
             declared
             that
             it
             was
             a
             great
             and
             terrible
             sign
             ,
             portending
             great
             Power
             to
             him
             with
             an
             happy
             event
             .
             First
             then
             routing
             those
             that
             came
             out
             of
             Capua
             against
             them
             ,
             and
             seizing
             upon
             their
             Arms
             ,
             they
             gladly
             threw
             away
             their
             own
             as
             barbarous
             and
             dishonourable
             ;
             afterwards
             Clodius
             the
             Praetor
             ,
             was
             Commanded
             against
             them
             with
             a
             Party
             of
             three
             thousand
             ,
             who
             besieged
             them
             within
             a
             Mountain
             ,
             which
             had
             but
             one
             narrow
             and
             Difficult
             passage
             ,
             which
             Clodius
             kept
             guarded
             ,
             encompassed
             with
             broken
             and
             slippery
             precipices
             ,
             but
             upon
             
             the
             top
             grew
             a
             great
             many
             wild
             Vines
             ;
             they
             cut
             down
             as
             many
             of
             their
             boughs
             ,
             as
             they
             had
             need
             of
             and
             twisted
             them
             into
             Ladders
             ,
             that
             would
             reach
             from
             thence
             to
             the
             Bottom
             ,
             by
             which
             without
             any
             danger
             they
             got
             down
             all
             but
             one
             ,
             who
             stayed
             there
             only
             to
             throw
             them
             down
             their
             Arms
             ,
             and
             after
             all
             he
             saved
             himself
             .
             Now
             the
             Romans
             were
             ignorant
             of
             all
             this
             ,
             wherefore
             coming
             upon
             their
             backs
             ,
             they
             assaulted
             them
             at
             unwares
             ,
             took
             their
             Camp
             ,
             and
             several
             of
             the
             Shepherds
             and
             Herdsmen
             that
             were
             there
             ,
             stout
             nimble
             fellows
             ,
             revolted
             over
             to
             them
             ;
             these
             they
             Armed
             and
             made
             use
             of
             them
             for
             Scouts
             and
             light
             Armed
             Soldiers
             .
             Again
             
               Publius
               Varinus
            
             is
             sent
             General
             against
             them
             ,
             whose
             Lieutenant
             General
             Phrurius
             ,
             with
             two
             thousand
             Men
             ,
             they
             fought
             and
             routed
             .
             Then
             Cossinius
             Collegue
             to
             Varinus
             ,
             was
             sent
             with
             considerable
             Forces
             ,
             him
             Spartacus
             missed
             but
             very
             little
             of
             taking
             ,
             as
             he
             was
             Bathing
             at
             Salenae
             ,
             for
             he
             with
             great
             difficulty
             made
             his
             escape
             ,
             but
             Spartacus
             possessed
             himself
             of
             his
             Baggage
             ,
             and
             following
             the
             chase
             with
             a
             great
             slaughter
             ,
             stormed
             his
             Camp
             and
             took
             it
             ,
             where
             Cossinius
             himself
             was
             slain
             ;
             nay
             after
             many
             Skirmishes
             with
             the
             Praetor
             himself
             ,
             and
             in
             one
             taking
             Prisoners
             his
             Lictors
             and
             his
             own
             Horse
             ,
             he
             began
             to
             be
             great
             and
             terrible
             ,
             wisely
             therefore
             
             considering
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             not
             to
             expect
             to
             match
             the
             Force
             of
             the
             Empire
             ,
             he
             marched
             his
             Army
             towards
             the
             Alps
             ,
             intending
             when
             he
             had
             passed
             them
             that
             every
             Man
             should
             go
             to
             his
             own
             home
             ,
             some
             to
             Thrace
             ,
             some
             to
             Gaul
             ,
             &c.
             but
             they
             being
             grown
             confident
             in
             their
             numbers
             ,
             and
             puffed
             up
             with
             their
             Success
             ,
             would
             give
             no
             Obedience
             to
             him
             ,
             but
             with
             Excursions
             ravaged
             Italy
             ,
             so
             that
             now
             the
             Senate
             was
             not
             only
             moved
             at
             the
             Indignity
             ,
             and
             Baseness
             ,
             both
             of
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             Insurrection
             ,
             but
             looking
             upon
             it
             as
             of
             dangerous
             Consequence
             ,
             both
             the
             Consuls
             are
             sent
             to
             it
             as
             to
             a
             great
             and
             difficult
             Enterprize
             ,
             and
             Consul
             Gellius
             falling
             suddenly
             upon
             a
             Party
             of
             Germans
             ,
             who
             through
             Contempt
             and
             Confidence
             ,
             were
             stragled
             from
             Spartacus
             ,
             fell
             upon
             them
             on
             a
             sudden
             ,
             and
             cut
             them
             all
             to
             pieces
             .
             But
             Lentulus
             with
             a
             mighty
             Army
             besieging
             Spartacus
             ,
             he
             sallied
             upon
             him
             ,
             and
             joyning
             Battel
             took
             his
             chief
             Officers
             Prisoners
             ,
             and
             made
             himself
             Master
             of
             all
             his
             Baggage
             .
             As
             he
             made
             toward
             the
             
               Alps
               ,
               Cassius
            
             that
             was
             Praetor
             of
             that
             part
             of
             Gaul
             that
             lies
             about
             the
             Po
             ,
             met
             him
             with
             ten
             thousand
             Men
             ,
             but
             being
             overcome
             in
             Battel
             he
             had
             much
             ado
             to
             escape
             himself
             ,
             with
             the
             loss
             of
             a
             great
             many
             of
             his
             Men
             ;
             when
             the
             Senate
             understood
             this
             ,
             they
             were
             displeased
             at
             the
             Consuls
             ,
             and
             ordering
             
             them
             to
             meddle
             no
             farther
             ,
             they
             appointed
             Crassus
             General
             of
             the
             War
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             many
             of
             the
             Nobility
             went
             Volunteers
             with
             him
             ,
             partly
             out
             of
             Friendship
             ,
             and
             partly
             to
             get
             Honour
             .
             He
             staid
             in
             Picena
             ,
             expecting
             Spartacus
             would
             take
             a
             compass
             and
             come
             that
             way
             ,
             and
             sent
             his
             Lieutenant
             with
             two
             Legions
             ,
             to
             wheel
             about
             and
             observe
             the
             Enemies
             motion
             ,
             but
             upon
             no
             account
             to
             engage
             or
             Skirmish
             ;
             but
             he
             upon
             the
             first
             opportunity
             joyned
             Battel
             ,
             and
             was
             routed
             ,
             having
             a
             great
             many
             of
             his
             Men
             slain
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             many
             saving
             their
             lives
             with
             the
             loss
             of
             their
             Arms.
             Crassus
             rebuked
             Mummius
             severely
             ,
             and
             Arming
             the
             Soldiers
             again
             ,
             he
             made
             them
             find
             Sureties
             for
             their
             Arms
             ,
             that
             they
             would
             part
             with
             them
             no
             more
             ;
             but
             for
             Five
             hundred
             that
             were
             the
             Beginners
             of
             the
             flight
             ,
             he
             divided
             them
             into
             Fifty
             tenths
             ,
             and
             one
             of
             each
             was
             to
             Die
             by
             Lot
             ,
             thus
             he
             revived
             the
             ancient
             punishment
             of
             Decimation
             ,
             where
             Ignominy
             is
             added
             to
             the
             Circumstances
             of
             Death
             ,
             like
             the
             representation
             of
             a
             dismal
             and
             terrible
             Tragedy
             ,
             where
             the
             rest
             sit
             as
             Spectators
             .
             When
             he
             had
             thus
             reclaimed
             his
             Men
             ,
             he
             led
             them
             against
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             but
             Spartacus
             retreated
             into
             Lucania
             ,
             toward
             the
             Sea
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             straights
             meeting
             with
             some
             Cilician
             Pyrats
             ,
             he
             had
             thought
             of
             attempting
             Sicily
             ,
             whereupon
             
             Landing
             Two
             thousand
             Men
             ,
             he
             hoped
             to
             new-kindle
             the
             War
             of
             the
             Slaves
             ,
             which
             was
             but
             lately
             extinguished
             ,
             and
             seemed
             to
             need
             but
             little
             fewel
             ;
             but
             after
             the
             Pyrats
             had
             struck
             a
             bargain
             with
             him
             ,
             and
             received
             his
             Earnest
             ,
             they
             deceived
             him
             ,
             and
             sailed
             away
             .
             He
             thereupon
             retired
             again
             from
             the
             Sea
             ,
             and
             pitched
             his
             Camp
             in
             the
             Peninsula
             of
             Rhegium
             ;
             there
             Crassus
             came
             upon
             him
             ,
             and
             considering
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             place
             ,
             and
             that
             it
             supplyed
             him
             for
             all
             that
             was
             necessary
             for
             his
             undertaking
             ,
             he
             designed
             to
             build
             a
             Wall
             cross
             the
             Isthmus
             ;
             thus
             keeping
             his
             Soldiers
             at
             once
             from
             idleness
             ,
             and
             his
             foes
             from
             forrage
             ;
             which
             great
             and
             difficult
             undertaking
             he
             perfected
             in
             a
             small
             time
             ,
             beyond
             all
             expectation
             ,
             making
             a
             Ditch
             from
             one
             Sea
             to
             the
             other
             ,
             over
             a
             neck
             of
             land
             of
             Three
             hundred
             furlongs
             long
             ,
             fifteen
             foot
             broad
             ,
             and
             as
             much
             in
             depth
             ,
             and
             upon
             it
             built
             a
             wonderful
             high
             and
             strong
             Wall
             ,
             which
             Spartacus
             at
             first
             slighted
             and
             despised
             ,
             but
             when
             Provisions
             began
             to
             fail
             ,
             and
             intending
             to
             pass
             further
             ,
             he
             found
             he
             was
             walled
             in
             ,
             and
             no
             more
             was
             to
             be
             had
             in
             the
             Peninsula
             ,
             taking
             the
             opportunity
             of
             a
             snowy
             stormy
             night
             ,
             he
             filled
             up
             part
             of
             the
             Ditch
             with
             earth
             ,
             and
             boughs
             of
             Trees
             ,
             and
             so
             passed
             over
             the
             third
             part
             of
             his
             Army
             ,
             wherefore
             Crassus
             was
             afraid
             lest
             he
             should
             March
             directly
             to
             
             Rome
             ;
             but
             was
             soon
             eased
             of
             that
             fear
             ,
             when
             he
             saw
             many
             of
             his
             men
             upon
             a
             mutiny
             revolt
             from
             him
             ,
             and
             encamp
             by
             themselves
             upon
             the
             Lucanian
             Lake
             .
             This
             Lake
             they
             say
             is
             very
             changeable
             ,
             sometimes
             sweet
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             so
             salt
             ,
             that
             it
             cannot
             be
             drunk
             .
             Crassus
             falling
             upon
             these
             beat
             them
             from
             the
             Lake
             ,
             though
             he
             could
             not
             pursue
             the
             slaughter
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             Spartacus
             his
             coming
             in
             ,
             who
             stayed
             the
             flight
             .
             Now
             he
             began
             to
             repent
             that
             he
             had
             formerly
             writ
             to
             the
             Senate
             ,
             to
             call
             Lucullus
             out
             of
             Thrace
             ,
             and
             Pompey
             out
             of
             Spain
             ,
             so
             that
             he
             did
             all
             he
             could
             to
             finish
             the
             War
             ,
             before
             they
             came
             ,
             knowing
             that
             the
             honour
             of
             the
             Action
             ,
             would
             redound
             to
             him
             that
             came
             to
             his
             assistance
             ;
             resolving
             therefore
             first
             to
             set
             upon
             those
             that
             were
             revolted
             ,
             and
             encamped
             apart
             ,
             whom
             
               C.
               Cunicius
            
             and
             Castus
             Commanded
             ,
             he
             sent
             six
             thousand
             men
             before
             to
             secure
             a
             little
             Eminence
             ,
             and
             to
             do
             it
             ,
             as
             privately
             as
             possible
             ,
             which
             that
             they
             might
             do
             ,
             they
             covered
             their
             Helmets
             ,
             but
             being
             discovered
             by
             two
             Women
             that
             were
             sacrificing
             for
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             they
             had
             been
             in
             great
             hazard
             ,
             had
             not
             Crassus
             immediately
             appeared
             ,
             and
             joined
             Battel
             with
             them
             ,
             which
             proved
             very
             Bloody
             ,
             for
             twelve
             thousand
             three
             hundred
             were
             slain
             ,
             and
             two
             only
             wounded
             in
             their
             backs
             ,
             the
             rest
             all
             died
             standing
             in
             their
             ranks
             ,
             
             and
             fighting
             bravely
             :
             Spartacus
             after
             this
             Discomfiture
             ,
             retired
             to
             the
             Mountains
             of
             Petilia
             ,
             but
             Quintus
             one
             of
             Crassus
             his
             Commanders
             and
             Scropha
             the
             Questor
             ,
             pursued
             ,
             and
             overtook
             him
             ,
             but
             when
             Spartacus
             rallied
             and
             faced
             them
             ,
             they
             basely
             betook
             themselves
             to
             flight
             ,
             and
             had
             much
             ado
             to
             carry
             off
             their
             Questor
             who
             was
             wounded
             ;
             this
             Success
             ruined
             Spartacus
             ,
             because
             it
             encouraged
             the
             Fugitives
             ,
             who
             now
             disdained
             any
             longer
             to
             make
             a
             flying
             Fight
             ,
             not
             to
             obey
             their
             Officers
             ,
             but
             as
             they
             were
             upon
             their
             March
             ,
             they
             came
             to
             them
             with
             their
             Swords
             in
             their
             Hands
             ,
             and
             compelled
             them
             to
             lead
             them
             back
             again
             through
             Lucania
             ,
             against
             the
             Romans
             ,
             and
             to
             make
             what
             haste
             they
             could
             to
             find
             out
             Crassus
             ;
             here
             News
             is
             brought
             that
             Pompey
             was
             at
             hand
             ,
             and
             people
             used
             to
             talk
             openly
             ,
             that
             the
             honour
             of
             this
             War
             was
             reserved
             for
             him
             ,
             who
             would
             come
             and
             oblige
             the
             Enemy
             to
             fight
             ,
             and
             certainly
             rout
             him
             .
             Whereupon
             Crassus
             desiring
             to
             fight
             ,
             he
             encamped
             very
             near
             the
             Enemy
             and
             made
             Lines
             of
             Circumvallation
             ,
             but
             the
             Slaves
             made
             a
             Sally
             ,
             and
             attacqu'd
             the
             Pioneers
             ;
             now
             as
             fresh
             Supplies
             came
             in
             ,
             on
             either
             side
             ,
             and
             Spartacus
             seeing
             there
             was
             no
             avoiding
             it
             ,
             he
             set
             all
             his
             Army
             in
             Array
             ,
             and
             when
             his
             Horse
             was
             brought
             him
             ,
             he
             drew
             out
             his
             Sword
             ,
             and
             killed
             him
             ,
             saying
             ,
             if
             he
             got
             
             the
             day
             ,
             he
             should
             have
             a
             great
             many
             better
             Horses
             of
             the
             Enemies
             ,
             and
             if
             he
             lost
             it
             ,
             he
             should
             have
             no
             need
             of
             this
             ;
             so
             making
             directly
             towards
             Crassus
             himself
             ,
             through
             Wounds
             and
             Darts
             he
             missed
             of
             him
             ,
             but
             two
             Centurions
             that
             fell
             upon
             him
             together
             ,
             he
             slew
             ;
             at
             last
             being
             deserted
             by
             those
             that
             were
             about
             him
             ,
             he
             himself
             stood
             his
             ground
             ,
             and
             being
             surrounded
             by
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             he
             bravely
             defending
             himself
             was
             cut
             in
             pieces
             .
             But
             though
             Crassus
             made
             use
             of
             his
             Fortune
             ,
             and
             not
             only
             did
             the
             part
             of
             a
             General
             ,
             but
             gallantly
             exposed
             his
             Person
             ;
             yet
             Pompey
             shared
             in
             the
             honour
             of
             the
             Action
             ,
             for
             he
             met
             with
             many
             that
             fled
             and
             slew
             them
             ,
             so
             that
             he
             Wrote
             to
             the
             Senate
             ,
             that
             Crassus
             indeed
             had
             Vanquished
             the
             Fugitives
             in
             a
             pitched
             Battle
             ,
             but
             that
             he
             had
             put
             an
             end
             to
             the
             War.
             Pompey
             was
             honoured
             with
             a
             magnificent
             Triumph
             for
             his
             Conquest
             over
             Sertorius
             and
             Spain
             ;
             but
             Crassus
             himself
             ,
             could
             not
             so
             much
             as
             desire
             a
             Triumph
             ,
             and
             it
             look'd
             meanly
             in
             him
             to
             accept
             of
             an
             Ovation
             for
             a
             Servile
             War
             ,
             and
             pass
             through
             the
             City
             on
             Foot
             :
             (
             as
             to
             the
             Difference
             between
             Ovation
             and
             Triumph
             it
             is
             writ
             in
             the
             life
             of
             Marcellus
             :
             )
             And
             Pompey
             being
             immediately
             called
             to
             the
             Consulship
             ,
             tho
             Crassus
             hoped
             to
             be
             joyned
             with
             him
             ,
             he
             did
             not
             scruple
             to
             request
             his
             Assistance
             ,
             who
             very
             
             readily
             laid
             hold
             on
             that
             Opportunity
             ,
             (
             for
             he
             desired
             by
             all
             means
             to
             lay
             some
             Obligation
             upon
             Crassus
             )
             and
             briskly
             furthered
             his
             Interest
             ;
             and
             at
             last
             he
             declared
             in
             his
             Speech
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             not
             less
             beholden
             to
             them
             for
             his
             Collegue
             ,
             than
             for
             the
             Honour
             of
             the
             Office.
             But
             being
             entred
             upon
             the
             Employment
             ,
             this
             Amity
             continued
             not
             long
             ;
             but
             differing
             almost
             in
             every
             thing
             ,
             clashing
             and
             maligning
             one
             another
             ,
             the
             time
             of
             their
             Consulship
             passed
             without
             any
             matter
             of
             Consequence
             ,
             except
             that
             Crassus
             made
             a
             great
             Sacrifice
             to
             Hercules
             ,
             and
             feasted
             the
             People
             at
             ten
             thousand
             Tables
             ,
             and
             measured
             them
             out
             Corn
             for
             three
             Months
             .
             Now
             as
             their
             Command
             was
             ready
             to
             expire
             ,
             and
             they
             were
             making
             their
             farewel
             Speeches
             ,
             a
             Roman
             Knight
             ,
             one
             
               Ovatius
               Aurelius
            
             ,
             a
             private
             Country-Gentlemen
             ,
             mounted
             the
             Rostrum
             ,
             and
             declared
             a
             Vision
             he
             had
             in
             his
             Sleep
             .
             Jupiter
             ,
             says
             he
             ,
             appeared
             to
             me
             ,
             and
             commanded
             me
             to
             tell
             you
             ,
             That
             you
             should
             not
             suffer
             your
             Consuls
             to
             lay
             down
             their
             Charge
             before
             they
             were
             made
             Friends
             .
             When
             he
             had
             spoke
             ,
             the
             People
             cryed
             out
             ,
             that
             they
             should
             be
             reconciled
             .
             Pompey
             stood
             still
             and
             said
             nothing
             ;
             but
             Crassus
             first
             offering
             him
             his
             hand
             ,
             I
             cannot
             think
             ,
             says
             he
             ,
             my
             Country-men
             ,
             that
             I
             do
             a
             mean
             thing
             ,
             and
             unworthy
             my self
             ,
             if
             I
             make
             the
             first
             Offers
             
             of
             Accommodation
             and
             Friendship
             with
             Pompey
             ,
             whom
             you
             your selves
             stiled
             
               the
               Great
            
             ,
             before
             he
             was
             of
             Mans
             Estate
             ,
             and
             decreed
             him
             a
             Triumph
             before
             he
             was
             capable
             of
             sitting
             in
             the
             Senate
             .
             This
             is
             what
             was
             memorable
             in
             
             Crassus's
             Consulship
             ;
             but
             as
             for
             his
             Censorship
             ,
             that
             was
             altogether
             idle
             and
             unactive
             ;
             for
             he
             neither
             made
             a
             Scrutiny
             of
             the
             Senate
             ,
             nor
             took
             a
             Review
             of
             the
             Gentry
             ,
             nor
             an
             Account
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             though
             he
             had
             as
             mild
             a
             Man
             as
             could
             be
             desired
             for
             his
             Colleague
             ,
             
               Lutatius
               Catulus
            
             ,
             though
             't
             was
             reported
             ,
             that
             when
             Crassus
             intended
             a
             violent
             and
             unjust
             action
             ,
             which
             was
             the
             reducing
             Egypt
             to
             be
             tributary
             to
             
               Rome
               ,
               Catulus
            
             strongly
             opposed
             it
             ,
             and
             falling
             out
             about
             it
             ,
             they
             laid
             down
             their
             Office
             by
             consent
             .
             As
             for
             that
             great
             Conspiracy
             of
             Catiline
             ,
             which
             was
             very
             near
             subverting
             the
             Government
             ,
             Crassus
             was
             not
             without
             some
             suspicion
             of
             being
             concerned
             ,
             and
             one
             man
             swore
             him
             in
             the
             Plot
             ;
             but
             no
             body
             credited
             him
             ,
             yet
             Cicero
             in
             one
             of
             his
             Orations
             ,
             openly
             charges
             both
             Crassus
             and
             Caesar
             with
             it
             ,
             though
             that
             Speech
             was
             not
             published
             till
             they
             were
             both
             dead
             ,
             and
             in
             that
             Speech
             which
             he
             made
             upon
             his
             being
             elected
             Consul
             ,
             he
             declares
             that
             Crassus
             came
             to
             him
             by
             Night
             and
             brought
             a
             Letter
             concerning
             Catiline
             and
             confirming
             the
             Conspiracy
             ,
             for
             which
             
             Crassus
             hated
             him
             ever
             after
             ,
             but
             was
             hindered
             by
             his
             Son
             from
             doing
             him
             any
             Injury
             ;
             for
             Publius
             was
             mightily
             addicted
             to
             Learning
             and
             Eloquence
             ,
             and
             a
             constant
             follower
             of
             Cicero
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             he
             put
             himself
             into
             Mourning
             for
             his
             Banishment
             ,
             and
             oblig'd
             all
             the
             young
             Gentlemen
             to
             do
             the
             same
             ;
             at
             last
             he
             reconciled
             him
             to
             his
             Father
             .
             Now
             Caesar
             returning
             from
             his
             Command
             ,
             and
             designing
             to
             get
             the
             Consulship
             ,
             and
             seeing
             that
             Crassus
             and
             Pompey
             were
             again
             at
             Variance
             ,
             was
             unwilling
             to
             disoblige
             one
             ,
             by
             making
             application
             to
             the
             other
             ,
             and
             despaired
             of
             success
             without
             the
             help
             of
             one
             of
             them
             ;
             he
             therefore
             made
             it
             his
             business
             to
             reconcile
             them
             ,
             making
             it
             appear
             ,
             that
             by
             destroying
             one
             the
             other
             ,
             they
             advanced
             the
             
             Cicero's
             ,
             the
             Catuli
             ,
             and
             the
             
             Cato's
             ,
             who
             would
             really
             be
             of
             no
             Account
             ,
             if
             they
             would
             joyn
             their
             Forces
             and
             Factions
             together
             ,
             and
             so
             they
             might
             manage
             the
             Affairs
             of
             the
             Empire
             as
             they
             pleased
             ;
             so
             they
             being
             reconciled
             by
             his
             Perswasion
             ,
             they
             three
             set
             up
             an
             irresistible
             Power
             ,
             which
             utterly
             subverted
             the
             Government
             ,
             both
             as
             to
             Senate
             and
             People
             ;
             not
             that
             he
             made
             them
             greater
             than
             they
             were
             before
             ;
             but
             by
             their
             means
             made
             himself
             greatest
             of
             all
             ;
             for
             by
             the
             Adherents
             of
             both
             he
             was
             gloriously
             declared
             Consul
             ,
             which
             Office
             when
             he
             administred
             
             with
             Credit
             ,
             they
             decreed
             him
             the
             Command
             of
             the
             Army
             ,
             and
             allotted
             him
             Gaul
             for
             his
             Province
             ,
             and
             so
             placed
             him
             as
             in
             the
             Cittadel
             ,
             not
             doubting
             but
             they
             should
             divide
             the
             rest
             at
             pleasure
             ,
             when
             they
             had
             confirmed
             him
             in
             the
             Command
             he
             desired
             .
             Pompey
             was
             moved
             hereto
             by
             an
             immoderate
             desire
             of
             Ruling
             ;
             but
             Crassus
             ,
             adding
             to
             his
             old
             Disease
             of
             Covetousness
             ,
             an
             affectation
             of
             Trophies
             and
             Triumphs
             ,
             emulating
             
             Caesar's
             Exploits
             ,
             not
             content
             to
             be
             beneath
             those
             two
             ,
             tho
             above
             all
             others
             ,
             could
             never
             rest
             contented
             till
             it
             ended
             in
             an
             ingnominious
             Overthrow
             ,
             and
             a
             Publick
             Calamity
             .
             When
             Caesar
             came
             out
             of
             Gaul
             to
             Luca
             ,
             a
             great
             many
             People
             went
             thither
             to
             meet
             him
             ▪
             Pompey
             and
             Crassus
             had
             various
             Conferences
             with
             him
             ,
             how
             to
             get
             the
             whole
             management
             of
             Affairs
             into
             their
             hands
             ,
             and
             subject
             every
             thing
             to
             their
             Power
             ;
             Caesar
             to
             keep
             up
             his
             Army
             ,
             and
             Pompey
             and
             Crassus
             to
             get
             new
             ones
             ,
             and
             new
             Provinces
             ,
             in
             which
             there
             was
             but
             one
             way
             ,
             the
             getting
             the
             Consulate
             a
             second
             time
             ,
             which
             they
             were
             to
             stand
             for
             ,
             and
             Caesar
             to
             assist
             them
             by
             writing
             to
             his
             Friends
             ,
             and
             sending
             many
             of
             his
             Souldiers
             to
             vote
             ;
             but
             when
             they
             returned
             to
             Rome
             their
             Design
             was
             presently
             suspected
             ,
             and
             a
             report
             was
             spread
             ,
             that
             this
             interview
             was
             for
             no
             good
             .
             When
             
             Marcellinus
             and
             Domitius
             asked
             Pompey
             in
             the
             Senate
             ,
             If
             he
             intended
             to
             stand
             for
             the
             Consulship
             ▪
             he
             answered
             ,
             Perhaps
             he
             would
             ,
             perhaps
             not
             ;
             and
             being
             urged
             again
             ,
             replied
             ,
             He
             would
             ask
             it
             of
             the
             Honest
             Citizens
             ,
             but
             not
             of
             the
             Dishonest
             .
             Which
             Answer
             appearing
             too
             haughty
             and
             arrogant
             ,
             Crassus
             answered
             more
             civilly
             ,
             He
             would
             desire
             it
             ,
             if
             it
             might
             be
             for
             the
             advantage
             of
             the
             Publick
             ,
             otherwise
             he
             would
             desist
             ;
             wherefore
             some
             others
             were
             daring
             enough
             to
             desire
             it
             ,
             amongst
             which
             was
             Domitius
             ;
             but
             when
             such
             eminent
             Men
             appeared
             for
             it
             ,
             the
             rest
             were
             frighted
             to
             give
             it
             over
             ;
             but
             Cato
             encouraged
             Domitius
             to
             proceed
             ,
             who
             was
             his
             Friend
             and
             Relation
             ,
             exciting
             him
             to
             persist
             ,
             as
             though
             he
             was
             now
             defending
             the
             Publick
             Liberty
             ,
             for
             they
             did
             not
             so
             much
             aim
             at
             the
             Consulate
             ,
             as
             at
             Arbitrary
             Government
             ,
             and
             this
             last
             was
             not
             a
             Petition
             for
             an
             Office
             ,
             but
             a
             seizure
             of
             the
             Provinces
             and
             the
             Army
             .
             Thus
             spoke
             Cato
             ,
             and
             he
             spoke
             his
             thoughts
             only
             ,
             and
             almost
             compelled
             Domitius
             to
             appear
             at
             the
             Forum
             ,
             where
             many
             sided
             with
             them
             ;
             for
             People
             admired
             what
             should
             make
             'um
             desire
             the
             Consulship
             again
             ,
             and
             why
             they
             two
             together
             ,
             and
             not
             with
             some
             third
             Person
             ;
             we
             have
             a
             great
             many
             Men
             not
             unworthy
             to
             be
             Fellow-Consuls
             
             with
             Pompey
             or
             Crassus
             ;
             Pompey's
             Party
             being
             apprehensive
             of
             this
             ,
             committed
             all
             Undecencies
             and
             Violencies
             ,
             and
             ,
             amongst
             other
             things
             ,
             lay
             in
             wait
             for
             Domitius
             ,
             as
             he
             was
             coming
             thither
             before
             day-break
             with
             other
             Company
             ;
             his
             Torch-bearers
             they
             killed
             ,
             and
             wounded
             several
             others
             ,
             of
             which
             Cato
             was
             one
             :
             these
             being
             beat
             back
             and
             shut
             into
             a
             House
             ,
             mean
             while
             the
             Consuls
             are
             declared
             ;
             not
             long
             after
             they
             besieged
             Domitius
             his
             House
             ,
             thrust
             Cato
             out
             of
             Doors
             ,
             killed
             some
             that
             made
             resistance
             ,
             and
             Decreed
             Caesar
             his
             Command
             for
             Five
             years
             longer
             ,
             and
             Provinces
             for
             themselves
             ,
             Syria
             ,
             and
             both
             the
             Spains
             ,
             which
             being
             decided
             by
             Lots
             ,
             Syria
             fell
             to
             Crassus
             ,
             and
             the
             Spains
             to
             Pompey
             ;
             they
             were
             both
             well-pleased
             with
             their
             Chance
             ,
             for
             the
             People
             were
             desirous
             that
             Pompey
             should
             not
             go
             far
             from
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             he
             being
             extreamly
             fond
             of
             his
             Wife
             ,
             was
             very
             glad
             to
             continue
             there
             ;
             but
             Crassus
             was
             so
             transported
             with
             his
             Fortune
             ,
             that
             't
             was
             manifest
             he
             never
             thought
             he
             had
             so
             good
             luck
             befel
             him
             as
             now
             ;
             so
             that
             he
             had
             much
             ado
             to
             contain
             himself
             before
             Company
             and
             Strangers
             ,
             but
             amongst
             his
             Confidents
             he
             blurted
             out
             many
             vain
             and
             childish
             things
             ,
             which
             were
             unworthy
             of
             his
             Age
             ,
             and
             contrary
             to
             his
             Nature
             ,
             for
             he
             
             was
             not
             much
             given
             to
             boasting
             in
             all
             his
             life
             besides
             ;
             but
             then
             being
             strangely
             puft
             up
             ,
             and
             his
             head
             heated
             ,
             he
             would
             not
             limit
             his
             fortune
             with
             Parthia
             and
             Syria
             ,
             but
             looking
             on
             the
             Actions
             of
             Lucullus
             against
             Tygranes
             ,
             and
             the
             Exploits
             of
             Pompey
             against
             Mithridates
             but
             Childs-play
             ,
             he
             proposed
             to
             himself
             in
             his
             hopes
             to
             pass
             beyond
             Bactria
             and
             India
             ,
             and
             the
             utmost
             Ocean
             ;
             not
             that
             he
             was
             obliged
             by
             his
             Office
             to
             undertake
             a
             Foreign
             Expedition
             ,
             but
             't
             was
             well
             known
             that
             Crassus
             affected
             it
             ,
             and
             
               Caesar
               ▪
            
             wrote
             to
             him
             out
             of
             Gaul
             ,
             commending
             his
             resolution
             ,
             and
             inciting
             him
             to
             the
             War
             ;
             and
             when
             Atteius
             the
             Tribune
             of
             the
             People
             design'd
             to
             stop
             his
             Journey
             ,
             for
             most
             men
             murmured
             ,
             that
             one
             man
             should
             undertake
             a
             War
             against
             a
             People
             that
             had
             done
             them
             no
             injury
             ,
             and
             were
             at
             Amity
             with
             them
             ,
             he
             desired
             Pompey
             to
             stand
             by
             him
             and
             accompany
             him
             ,
             for
             he
             had
             a
             great
             Authority
             amongst
             the
             Mobile
             ,
             and
             when
             several
             were
             ready
             to
             rise
             and
             exclaim
             against
             it
             ,
             Pompey
             appeared
             with
             a
             pleasing
             Countenance
             ,
             and
             so
             mollified
             the
             People
             ,
             that
             they
             let
             Crassus
             pass
             quietly
             ;
             but
             Atteius
             met
             him
             ,
             and
             first
             by
             word
             of
             mouth
             conjured
             him
             ▪
             not
             to
             proceed
             ,
             and
             then
             commanded
             his
             Sergeant
             to
             seize
             him
             and
             detain
             him
             ;
             but
             the
             other
             
             Tribunes
             not
             permitting
             it
             ,
             they
             released
             
               Crassus
               ;
               Atteius
            
             therefore
             running
             to
             the
             gate
             ,
             whither
             ,
             when
             Crassus
             was
             come
             ,
             he
             kindled
             a
             fire
             in
             a
             Caldron
             ,
             he
             offered
             Fumigations
             and
             Sacrifices
             ,
             calling
             upon
             and
             naming
             several
             strange
             and
             horrible
             Deities
             ,
             and
             cursed
             him
             with
             most
             dreadfull
             imprecations
             :
             now
             the
             Romans
             conceit
             there
             is
             so
             much
             Virtue
             in
             these
             sacred
             and
             ancient
             Rites
             ,
             that
             no
             Man
             can
             escape
             the
             effects
             of
             them
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Conjurer
             himself
             seldom
             prospers
             ;
             so
             that
             they
             are
             not
             often
             made
             use
             of
             ,
             and
             that
             but
             upon
             a
             great
             occasion
             ;
             so
             that
             Atteius
             was
             to
             be
             blamed
             to
             devote
             that
             City
             to
             such
             Calamities
             ,
             upon
             whose
             account
             only
             he
             was
             so
             highly
             offended
             with
             
               Crassus
               .
               Crassus
            
             arrives
             at
             Brundusium
             ,
             and
             though
             the
             Sea
             was
             very
             rough
             ,
             he
             had
             not
             patience
             to
             wait
             ,
             but
             went
             on
             Board
             ,
             and
             lost
             many
             of
             his
             Ships
             ,
             and
             with
             the
             remnant
             of
             his
             Army
             marched
             a
             foot
             through
             Galatia
             ,
             where
             ,
             meeting
             with
             King
             Deiotarus
             ,
             who
             ,
             though
             he
             was
             very
             old
             ,
             was
             about
             building
             a
             New
             City
             ;
             whereupon
             Crassus
             scoffingly
             ,
             told
             him
             ,
             Your
             Majesty
             begins
             to
             build
             at
             the
             12th
             Hour
             .
             Neither
             do
             you
             ,
             says
             he
             ,
             O
             General
             ,
             undertake
             your
             Parthian
             Expedition
             very
             early
             ;
             for
             Crassus
             was
             then
             Threescore
             years
             old
             ,
             and
             he
             seemed
             older
             than
             he
             was
             .
             At
             his
             first
             coming
             things
             went
             as
             he
             would
             have
             
             them
             ,
             for
             he
             made
             a
             Bridge
             over
             Euphrates
             without
             much
             difficulty
             ,
             and
             passed
             over
             his
             Army
             in
             safety
             ,
             and
             took
             in
             many
             Cities
             of
             Mesopotamia
             ,
             which
             yielded
             themselves
             up
             voluntarily
             ;
             but
             he
             lost
             a
             hundred
             of
             his
             Men
             before
             one
             ,
             where
             Apollonius
             had
             usurped
             ;
             wherefore
             drawing
             all
             his
             forces
             down
             he
             took
             it
             by
             Storm
             ,
             plundered
             the
             Goods
             ,
             and
             sold
             the
             Inhabitants
             ;
             the
             Greeks
             call
             this
             City
             Zenodotia
             ,
             upon
             the
             taking
             of
             which
             he
             permitted
             the
             Army
             to
             salute
             him
             Imperator
             ,
             but
             it
             looked
             mean
             and
             poor
             ,
             as
             if
             he
             despaired
             a
             Nobler
             Atchievement
             that
             was
             so
             exalted
             with
             this
             little
             Success
             ;
             putting
             Garrisons
             of
             seven
             thousand
             Foot
             and
             one
             thousand
             Horse
             in
             the
             new
             Conquests
             ,
             he
             return'd
             to
             take
             up
             his
             Winter
             Quarters
             in
             Syria
             ,
             where
             his
             Son
             ,
             a
             most
             accomplished
             Gentleman
             ,
             met
             him
             coming
             from
             Caesar
             out
             of
             Gaul
             ,
             and
             brought
             with
             him
             1000
             select
             Horse
             ;
             here
             Crassus
             seemed
             to
             commit
             his
             first
             Error
             ,
             unless
             you
             will
             allow
             the
             whole
             Expedition
             to
             be
             one
             ;
             for
             whereas
             he
             ought
             to
             have
             gone
             forward
             and
             seiz'd
             Babylon
             and
             Seleucia
             ,
             Cities
             that
             were
             ever
             at
             enmity
             with
             the
             Parthians
             ,
             he
             gave
             the
             Enemy
             time
             to
             provide
             against
             him
             ;
             besides
             he
             spent
             his
             time
             there
             more
             like
             an
             Usurer
             than
             a
             General
             ,
             for
             he
             took
             no
             account
             of
             the
             Arms
             ,
             nor
             Discipline
             of
             his
             Soldiers
             ,
             but
             in
             computing
             the
             Revenue
             of
             the
             Cities
             ,
             
             and
             weighing
             the
             Treasure
             that
             was
             in
             the
             Temple
             of
             Hierapolis
             ,
             giving
             Commissions
             for
             levying
             of
             Soldiers
             ,
             and
             dismissing
             them
             for
             Money
             ,
             whereupon
             he
             lost
             his
             credit
             and
             became
             despicable
             ;
             here
             he
             met
             with
             the
             first
             ill
             Omen
             from
             this
             Goddess
             ,
             which
             some
             call
             Venus
             ,
             others
             Juno
             ,
             others
             Nature
             ,
             or
             the
             Cause
             that
             produces
             all
             things
             out
             of
             Moisture
             ,
             and
             instructs
             us
             in
             all
             good
             ;
             for
             as
             they
             were
             going
             out
             of
             the
             Temple
             ,
             young
             Crassus
             stumbled
             ,
             and
             his
             Father
             fell
             upon
             him
             ;
             when
             he
             drew
             his
             Army
             out
             of
             Winter
             quarters
             ,
             Embassadors
             came
             to
             him
             from
             Arsaces
             with
             this
             short
             Speech
             ;
             If
             the
             Army
             was
             sent
             by
             the
             People
             of
             Rome
             ,
             he
             denounced
             a
             mortal
             War
             ,
             and
             would
             give
             no
             quarter
             ;
             but
             if
             (
             as
             he
             understood
             it
             was
             )
             that
             against
             the
             Consent
             of
             his
             Country
             ,
             Crassus
             for
             his
             own
             ends
             had
             invaded
             his
             Country
             ,
             then
             their
             King
             would
             be
             more
             merciful
             ,
             and
             taking
             pity
             upon
             Crassus
             his
             dotage
             ,
             would
             send
             back
             those
             Soldiers
             whom
             he
             looked
             upon
             rather
             besieged
             ,
             than
             in
             a
             Garrison
             .
             Crassus
             vainly
             told
             them
             ,
             he
             would
             return
             his
             Answer
             at
             Seleucia
             ,
             whereat
             Vagises
             the
             Chief
             of
             them
             smiling
             ,
             shew'd
             the
             Palm
             of
             his
             Hand
             ,
             saying
             Hair
             will
             grow
             here
             before
             you
             will
             see
             Seleucia
             ;
             so
             they
             returned
             to
             their
             King
             Hyrodes
             ,
             telling
             him
             't
             was
             War
             Several
             of
             the
             Romans
             that
             were
             in
             Garrison
             
             in
             Mesopotamia
             ,
             with
             great
             hazard
             made
             their
             escape
             ,
             and
             told
             them
             the
             danger
             was
             worth
             their
             Concern
             ;
             for
             that
             they
             by
             experience
             knew
             the
             number
             of
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             the
             manner
             of
             their
             fighting
             ,
             when
             they
             assaulted
             their
             Towns
             ,
             (
             and
             as
             the
             manner
             is
             )
             they
             made
             it
             seem
             greater
             than
             really
             it
             was
             ,
             that
             by
             flight
             it
             was
             impossible
             to
             escape
             them
             ,
             and
             as
             impossible
             to
             overtake
             them
             when
             they
             fled
             ,
             that
             they
             had
             new
             strange
             sort
             of
             Weapons
             as
             swift
             as
             sight
             ,
             that
             they
             pierced
             whatever
             they
             met
             with
             ,
             before
             you
             could
             see
             who
             threw
             ;
             their
             Kataphracti
             ,
             or
             Arm'd
             Men
             at
             all
             points
             ,
             were
             so
             provided
             as
             that
             they
             would
             beat
             down
             any
             thing
             ,
             and
             give
             way
             to
             nothing
             ;
             which
             when
             the
             Soldiers
             heard
             ,
             their
             hearts
             failed
             them
             ;
             for
             before
             they
             thought
             there
             was
             no
             difference
             between
             the
             Parthians
             and
             Armenians
             ,
             or
             Cappadocians
             ,
             who
             tyred
             Lucullus
             in
             following
             and
             pursuing
             of
             them
             ,
             and
             were
             perswaded
             that
             the
             difficulty
             of
             the
             War
             consisted
             only
             in
             the
             tediousness
             of
             the
             March
             ,
             and
             the
             trouble
             of
             chasing
             those
             that
             durst
             not
             come
             to
             handy
             blows
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             danger
             of
             a
             Battel
             was
             beyond
             their
             expectation
             ;
             wherefore
             the
             Officers
             advised
             Crassus
             to
             proceed
             no
             further
             at
             present
             ,
             but
             take
             new
             Measures
             upon
             the
             whole
             ;
             especially
             Cassius
             the
             Questor
             ,
             and
             the
             Southsayers
             told
             him
             privately
             the
             
             Omens
             were
             unlucky
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Sacrifices
             portended
             dismal
             Consequences
             ;
             but
             he
             gave
             no
             heed
             to
             them
             or
             any
             body
             else
             ,
             but
             those
             that
             exhorted
             him
             to
             proceed
             ;
             nor
             did
             Artabaces
             King
             of
             Armenia
             confirm
             him
             a
             little
             ,
             who
             came
             to
             his
             aid
             with
             6000
             Horse
             ;
             these
             were
             said
             to
             be
             only
             the
             King's
             Life-guard
             ,
             for
             he
             promised
             10000
             Curiassiers
             more
             ,
             and
             30000
             Foot
             at
             his
             own
             Charges
             ;
             he
             perswaded
             Crassus
             to
             invade
             Parthia
             by
             the
             way
             of
             Armenia
             ,
             for
             he
             would
             not
             only
             supply
             his
             Army
             with
             Forage
             ,
             but
             his
             Passage
             would
             be
             more
             secure
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             roughness
             of
             the
             Country
             ,
             and
             a
             continued
             Chain
             of
             Mountains
             ,
             which
             were
             almost
             impassable
             to
             Horse
             ,
             in
             which
             the
             main
             strength
             of
             the
             Parthians
             consisted
             ;
             Crassus
             returned
             him
             but
             cold
             thanks
             for
             his
             readiness
             to
             serve
             him
             ,
             and
             the
             Splendour
             of
             his
             Assistance
             ,
             and
             told
             him
             he
             was
             resolved
             to
             pass
             through
             Mesopotamia
             ,
             where
             he
             had
             left
             a
             great
             many
             brave
             Roman
             Soldiers
             ,
             whereupon
             the
             Armenian
             went
             his
             way
             .
             As
             Crassus
             was
             passing
             his
             Army
             by
             Zeugma
             ,
             many
             strange
             and
             supernatural
             Thunders
             were
             heard
             ,
             and
             the
             Lightning
             flashed
             upon
             the
             Army
             ,
             and
             during
             the
             Storm
             a
             Hurricane
             broke
             down
             the
             Bridge
             ,
             and
             carried
             part
             of
             it
             away
             ,
             and
             two
             Thunderbolts
             fell
             upon
             the
             very
             place
             where
             the
             Army
             was
             going
             to
             
             Encamp
             ,
             and
             one
             of
             the
             General
             's
             Horses
             famously
             caparison'd
             ,
             broke
             from
             the
             Groom
             ,
             leap'd
             into
             the
             River
             ,
             and
             was
             seen
             no
             more
             ;
             and
             when
             they
             went
             to
             take
             up
             the
             great
             Standard
             ,
             the
             Eagle
             turned
             its
             head
             backward
             ,
             and
             after
             he
             had
             passed
             over
             his
             Army
             ,
             as
             they
             were
             distributing
             Provisions
             ,
             they
             first
             gave
             Lentils
             and
             Salt
             ,
             which
             the
             Romans
             account
             ominous
             ,
             being
             what
             is
             set
             before
             the
             dead
             .
             And
             as
             Crassus
             was
             haranging
             his
             Soldiers
             ,
             he
             let
             fall
             a
             Word
             which
             struck
             a
             great
             terror
             in
             the
             Army
             ;
             for
             ,
             said
             he
             ,
             I
             will
             break
             down
             the
             Bridge
             ,
             that
             none
             of
             you
             may
             return
             ;
             and
             whereas
             he
             ought
             when
             he
             had
             perceived
             his
             blunder
             to
             have
             corrected
             himself
             ,
             and
             explained
             his
             meaning
             to
             those
             that
             were
             so
             concerned
             at
             it
             ,
             he
             wou'd
             not
             do
             it
             out
             of
             meer
             stubbornness
             ;
             and
             when
             at
             the
             last
             general
             Sacrifice
             the
             Priest
             gave
             him
             the
             Entrails
             ,
             they
             slipt
             out
             of
             his
             hand
             ,
             and
             when
             he
             saw
             the
             standers
             by
             concerned
             at
             it
             ,
             he
             laught
             and
             said
             ,
             See
             what
             't
             is
             to
             be
             an
             old
             Man
             ,
             but
             I
             'll
             hold
             my
             Sword
             fast
             enough
             ;
             so
             marching
             his
             Army
             along
             the
             River
             with
             seven
             Legions
             ,
             little
             less
             than
             4000
             Horse
             ,
             and
             as
             many
             light
             armed
             Soldiers
             ,
             the
             Scouts
             returning
             ,
             declaring
             that
             not
             one
             Man
             appeared
             ,
             but
             that
             they
             saw
             the
             footing
             of
             a
             great
             many
             Horses
             which
             seemed
             to
             retire
             and
             fly
             ;
             whereupon
             Crassus
             conceived
             
             great
             hopes
             ,
             and
             the
             Romans
             began
             to
             despise
             the
             Parthians
             ,
             as
             men
             that
             would
             not
             come
             to
             handy-strokes
             ;
             but
             Cassius
             and
             the
             rest
             advised
             him
             to
             refresh
             his
             Army
             in
             some
             of
             the
             Garrison
             Towns
             ,
             and
             remain
             there
             till
             they
             could
             get
             some
             certain
             Intelligence
             of
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             at
             least
             to
             make
             toward
             Seleucia
             ,
             and
             keep
             by
             the
             River
             ,
             that
             so
             they
             might
             have
             the
             convenience
             of
             Ships
             to
             bring
             him
             Provisions
             ,
             which
             might
             always
             accompany
             the
             Army
             ,
             and
             the
             River
             would
             secure
             them
             from
             being
             environed
             ,
             and
             if
             they
             should
             fight
             it
             might
             be
             upon
             equal
             terms
             .
             As
             Crassus
             was
             considering
             hereupon
             ,
             there
             came
             to
             the
             Camp
             an
             Arabian
             Tribune
             named
             Ariamnes
             ,
             a
             cunning
             subtle
             Fellow
             ,
             and
             one
             which
             was
             the
             chief
             cause
             of
             all
             the
             misfortune
             that
             befell
             them
             ;
             some
             of
             
             Pompey's
             old
             Soldiers
             knew
             him
             ,
             for
             he
             had
             serv'd
             with
             them
             under
             him
             ,
             and
             had
             received
             some
             Kindnesses
             of
             him
             ,
             and
             was
             looked
             upon
             as
             a
             Friend
             to
             the
             Romans
             ,
             but
             was
             now
             suborned
             by
             the
             King's
             Officers
             ,
             and
             sent
             to
             Crassus
             to
             entice
             him
             if
             possible
             from
             the
             River
             and
             Hills
             into
             the
             Plain
             ,
             where
             he
             might
             be
             surrounded
             ,
             for
             the
             Parthians
             desired
             any
             thing
             rather
             than
             to
             be
             obliged
             to
             meet
             the
             Romans
             face
             to
             face
             ;
             he
             therefore
             coming
             to
             Crassus
             and
             he
             had
             his
             Tongue
             well
             hung
             )
             highly
             commended
             Pompey
             as
             his
             Benefactor
             ,
             and
             admired
             
             the
             Forces
             that
             Crassus
             had
             with
             him
             ,
             but
             seemed
             to
             wonder
             why
             he
             delayed
             and
             made
             Preparations
             ,
             as
             if
             he
             should
             not
             use
             his
             Feet
             more
             than
             his
             Arms
             ,
             against
             those
             Men
             that
             taking
             with
             them
             their
             best
             Goods
             and
             Chattels
             ,
             had
             designed
             long
             ago
             to
             fly
             for
             refuge
             to
             the
             Scythians
             or
             Hyrcanians
             ;
             but
             supposing
             they
             were
             to
             fight
             ,
             at
             least
             he
             ought
             to
             make
             what
             hast
             he
             could
             ,
             before
             the
             King
             could
             recover
             Courage
             ,
             and
             get
             his
             Forces
             together
             ;
             for
             you
             see
             Surena
             and
             Syllaces
             are
             opposed
             to
             you
             ,
             to
             hinder
             your
             further
             progress
             ,
             but
             the
             King
             himself
             does
             not
             appear
             ;
             but
             this
             was
             all
             a
             Lye
             for
             Hyrodes
             had
             divided
             his
             Army
             into
             two
             parts
             ,
             with
             one
             he
             in
             Person
             wasted
             Armenia
             ,
             revenging
             himself
             upon
             Artuasdes
             ,
             and
             sent
             Surena
             against
             the
             Romans
             ,
             not
             out
             of
             Contempt
             as
             some
             pretend
             ,
             for
             there
             is
             no
             likelihood
             that
             he
             should
             despise
             Crassus
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             Chiefest
             men
             of
             Rome
             ,
             to
             go
             and
             fight
             with
             Artuasdes
             ,
             and
             invade
             Armenia
             ;
             but
             for
             my
             part
             I
             believe
             he
             apprehended
             the
             danger
             ,
             and
             therefore
             he
             expected
             the
             Event
             ,
             and
             that
             Surena
             should
             first
             run
             the
             hazard
             of
             a
             Battel
             and
             circumvent
             the
             Enemy
             :
             Nor
             was
             this
             Surena
             an
             ordinary
             Person
             ,
             but
             for
             Wealth
             ,
             Family
             ,
             and
             Authority
             ,
             the
             second
             man
             in
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             but
             for
             Courage
             and
             Prowess
             he
             was
             the
             first
             ,
             neither
             was
             any
             one
             so
             large
             sized
             ,
             or
             so
             well
             
             shaped
             ;
             whenever
             he
             travelled
             alone
             he
             had
             1000
             Camels
             to
             carry
             his
             Baggage
             ,
             200
             Chariots
             full
             of
             Concubines
             ,
             1000
             compleatly
             Arm'd
             men
             for
             his
             Life-Guards
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             many
             more
             light
             Arm'd
             ,
             and
             at
             least
             10000
             of
             his
             Servants
             and
             Retinue
             ,
             and
             the
             Honour
             had
             long
             belonged
             to
             his
             Family
             ,
             that
             at
             the
             King's
             Coronation
             he
             put
             the
             Crown
             upon
             his
             Head
             ,
             and
             when
             this
             very
             King
             Hyrodes
             had
             been
             exiled
             ,
             he
             brought
             him
             in
             ;
             't
             was
             he
             that
             took
             the
             great
             City
             of
             Seleucia
             ,
             was
             the
             first
             Man
             that
             scaled
             the
             Walls
             ,
             and
             with
             his
             own
             hand
             beat
             off
             the
             Defendants
             ,
             and
             though
             at
             that
             time
             he
             was
             not
             above
             30
             years
             old
             ,
             he
             was
             counted
             as
             wise
             and
             discreet
             ;
             wherein
             he
             had
             much
             the
             advantage
             of
             Crassus
             ,
             who
             was
             easy
             to
             be
             imposed
             upon
             ,
             first
             through
             his
             overweening
             confidence
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             because
             he
             was
             dastarded
             and
             cow'd
             by
             his
             Calamities
             .
             When
             Ariamnes
             had
             thus
             work'd
             upon
             him
             ,
             he
             drew
             him
             from
             the
             Rivers
             into
             vast
             Plains
             ,
             by
             a
             way
             that
             at
             first
             was
             pleasant
             and
             easie
             ,
             but
             afterwards
             very
             troublesome
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             depth
             of
             the
             Sand
             ,
             not
             a
             Tree
             ,
             not
             any
             Water
             ,
             and
             no
             end
             of
             this
             to
             be
             seen
             ;
             so
             that
             they
             were
             not
             only
             spent
             with
             thirst
             ,
             and
             the
             difficulty
             of
             the
             passage
             ;
             but
             the
             uncomfortable
             Prospect
             of
             not
             a
             bough
             ,
             not
             a
             stream
             ,
             not
             a
             hillock
             ,
             not
             a
             green
             herb
             ,
             dismayed
             them
             quite
             ,
             but
             an
             odd
             
             kind
             of
             a
             Sea
             of
             Sand
             ,
             which
             encompassed
             the
             Army
             with
             its
             Waves
             .
             Here
             they
             began
             to
             suspect
             some
             Treachery
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             same
             time
             came
             Messengers
             from
             Artuasdes
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             engaged
             in
             a
             bloody
             War
             with
             Hyrodes
             ,
             that
             had
             invaded
             his
             Country
             ,
             so
             that
             now
             't
             was
             impossible
             for
             him
             to
             send
             him
             any
             succours
             .
             Wherefore
             he
             advised
             Crassus
             to
             turn
             back
             ,
             and
             with
             joynt
             Forces
             to
             give
             Hyrodes
             Battle
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             that
             he
             should
             so
             March
             and
             Encamp
             where
             Horses
             could
             not
             easily
             come
             ,
             and
             keep
             to
             the
             Mountains
             .
             Crassus
             out
             of
             Anger
             and
             Vanity
             ,
             writ
             him
             no
             Answer
             ,
             but
             told
             them
             ,
             At
             present
             he
             was
             not
             at
             leisure
             to
             mind
             the
             Armenians
             ,
             but
             he
             would
             call
             upon
             them
             another
             time
             ,
             and
             revenge
             himself
             upon
             Artuasdes
             his
             Treachery
             .
             Here
             Cassius
             his
             Party
             began
             again
             to
             complain
             ,
             but
             when
             they
             perceived
             how
             much
             Crassus
             was
             displeased
             ,
             they
             gave
             him
             over
             ,
             but
             privately
             rail'd
             at
             the
             Barbarian
             .
             What
             evil
             Genius
             ,
             O
             thou
             worst
             of
             Men
             ,
             brought
             thee
             to
             our
             Camp
             ,
             and
             with
             what
             charms
             and
             potions
             hast
             thou
             bewitched
             Crassus
             ,
             that
             he
             should
             march
             his
             Army
             through
             a
             vast
             and
             deep
             Desart
             ,
             through
             ways
             which
             are
             rather
             fit
             for
             a
             Captain
             of
             Arabian
             Robbers
             ,
             than
             the
             General
             of
             a
             Roman
             Army
             ?
             But
             the
             Barbarian
             being
             a
             very
             subtle
             fellow
             ,
             very
             submissively
             exhorted
             
             them
             ,
             and
             encouraged
             them
             to
             sustain
             it
             a
             little
             farther
             ,
             but
             ran
             about
             the
             Camp
             ,
             and
             under
             pretence
             of
             cheering
             up
             the
             Souldiers
             ,
             asked
             them
             in
             scoff
             ,
             What
             do
             you
             think
             you
             march
             through
             Campania
             ,
             expecting
             every
             where
             to
             find
             Springs
             ,
             and
             Shades
             ,
             and
             Baths
             ,
             and
             Inns
             of
             Entertainment
             ,
             consider
             you
             now
             travel
             the
             Confines
             of
             Arabia
             and
             Assyria
             .
             Thus
             he
             managed
             them
             like
             Children
             ,
             and
             before
             the
             cheat
             was
             discovered
             ,
             he
             rode
             away
             ,
             not
             but
             that
             Crassus
             was
             privy
             to
             his
             going
             ,
             but
             he
             had
             perswaded
             him
             ,
             that
             he
             would
             go
             and
             contrive
             how
             to
             disorder
             the
             Affairs
             of
             the
             Enemy
             ;
             and
             it
             was
             observed
             that
             Crassus
             came
             not
             abroad
             that
             day
             in
             his
             Scarlet
             Robe
             ,
             which
             Roman
             Generals
             use
             to
             wear
             ,
             but
             in
             a
             black
             one
             ,
             which
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             he
             perceived
             ,
             he
             changed
             .
             And
             the
             Standard-Bearers
             had
             much
             ado
             to
             take
             up
             their
             Eagles
             ,
             which
             seemed
             to
             be
             fixed
             to
             the
             place
             ;
             Crassus
             laught
             at
             it
             ,
             and
             hastened
             their
             March
             ,
             and
             compelled
             his
             Infantry
             to
             keep
             pace
             with
             his
             Cavalry
             ,
             till
             some
             few
             of
             the
             Scouts
             returned
             ,
             and
             told
             them
             that
             their
             Fellows
             were
             slain
             ,
             and
             they
             hardly
             escaped
             ,
             that
             the
             Enemy
             was
             at
             hand
             ,
             resolved
             to
             give
             them
             Battel
             ;
             here
             all
             was
             in
             an
             uproar
             ,
             Crassus
             was
             struck
             into
             an
             amaze
             ,
             and
             ,
             for
             hast
             ,
             could
             not
             put
             his
             Army
             in
             good
             order
             .
             First
             therefore
             ,
             as
             Cassius
             advised
             ,
             they
             
             opened
             their
             Ranks
             and
             Files
             ,
             that
             they
             might
             take
             up
             as
             much
             space
             as
             could
             be
             ,
             to
             prevent
             their
             being
             surrounded
             ,
             and
             distributed
             the
             Horse
             into
             the
             Wings
             ,
             but
             afterwards
             changing
             his
             Mind
             ,
             he
             drew
             up
             his
             Army
             in
             a
             square
             ,
             and
             made
             a
             Front
             every
             way
             ,
             each
             of
             which
             consisted
             of
             Twelve
             Companies
             ,
             to
             everyone
             of
             which
             he
             alotted
             a
             Troop
             of
             Horse
             ,
             that
             no
             part
             might
             be
             destitute
             of
             the
             Assistance
             that
             the
             Horse
             might
             give
             ,
             and
             that
             they
             might
             be
             ready
             to
             assist
             every
             where
             ,
             as
             need
             should
             require
             ;
             Crassus
             Commanded
             one
             of
             the
             Wings
             ,
             young
             Crassus
             t'other
             ,
             and
             himself
             was
             in
             the
             middle
             ;
             thus
             they
             marched
             on
             till
             they
             came
             to
             a
             little
             River
             named
             Bolissus
             ,
             a
             very
             inconsiderable
             one
             in
             it self
             ,
             but
             very
             grateful
             to
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             who
             had
             suffered
             so
             much
             by
             Drought
             and
             Heat
             all
             along
             their
             march
             .
             Most
             of
             the
             Commanders
             were
             of
             the
             opinion
             ,
             that
             they
             ought
             to
             remain
             there
             that
             night
             ,
             and
             to
             inform
             themselves
             as
             much
             as
             possible
             of
             the
             number
             of
             the
             Enemies
             and
             their
             Order
             ,
             and
             so
             march
             against
             them
             at
             break
             of
             Day
             ,
             but
             Crassus
             was
             so
             exalted
             at
             the
             eagerness
             of
             his
             Son
             ,
             and
             the
             Horsemen
             that
             were
             with
             him
             ,
             who
             desired
             and
             urged
             him
             to
             lead
             them
             on
             ,
             and
             engage
             ,
             that
             he
             Commanded
             those
             that
             had
             a
             mind
             to
             it
             ,
             to
             eat
             and
             drink
             as
             they
             stood
             in
             their
             Ranks
             ;
             and
             before
             they
             
             had
             all
             well
             done
             ,
             he
             led
             them
             on
             ,
             not
             leisurely
             and
             by
             stops
             ,
             as
             if
             he
             was
             going
             to
             Battel
             ,
             but
             kept
             on
             his
             pace
             as
             if
             he
             had
             been
             in
             haste
             ,
             till
             they
             saw
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             contrary
             to
             their
             expectation
             ,
             neither
             so
             many
             nor
             so
             magnificently
             Armed
             as
             the
             Romans
             expected
             ,
             for
             Surena
             had
             hid
             his
             main
             Force
             behind
             the
             first
             ranks
             and
             ordered
             them
             to
             hide
             the
             glittering
             of
             their
             Armour
             ,
             with
             Coats
             and
             Skins
             ;
             but
             when
             they
             approached
             and
             the
             General
             gave
             the
             Signal
             ,
             immediately
             all
             the
             field
             rung
             with
             a
             hidious
             noise
             ,
             and
             terrible
             clamour
             ;
             for
             the
             Parthians
             do
             not
             encourage
             themselves
             to
             War
             ,
             with
             Cornets
             and
             Trumpets
             ,
             but
             with
             a
             kind
             of
             Kettle
             Drum
             which
             makes
             a
             dead
             ,
             and
             solemn
             noise
             ,
             like
             the
             Bellowing
             of
             Beasts
             ,
             mixt
             with
             something
             like
             thunder
             ;
             for
             they
             well
             considered
             that
             the
             sense
             of
             hearing
             ,
             which
             receives
             the
             first
             impressions
             ,
             most
             easily
             disturbs
             the
             Mind
             ,
             and
             subverts
             the
             understanding
             .
             When
             they
             had
             sufficiently
             terrified
             the
             Romans
             with
             their
             noise
             ,
             they
             threw
             of
             the
             covering
             of
             their
             Armour
             ,
             they
             shone
             like
             lightening
             in
             their
             Brest-plates
             ,
             and
             Helmets
             polished
             and
             furbished
             ,
             and
             made
             of
             Margianian
             Steel
             ,
             and
             their
             Horses
             were
             covered
             with
             Brass
             and
             Steel
             Trappings
             .
             Surena
             was
             the
             tallest
             and
             comelyest
             Man
             himself
             .
             And
             the
             Sweetness
             of
             his
             Looks
             ,
             and
             Effeminacy
             of
             his
             Habit
             ,
             
             could
             not
             promise
             so
             much
             Manhood
             ,
             as
             he
             really
             was
             Master
             of
             ;
             for
             his
             Face
             was
             Painted
             ,
             and
             his
             Hair
             parted
             ,
             after
             the
             fashion
             of
             the
             Medes
             ,
             whereas
             the
             other
             Parthians
             look'd
             more
             terrible
             ,
             with
             their
             hair
             shaggy
             ,
             after
             the
             Scythian
             Mode
             .
             Their
             first
             design
             was
             with
             their
             Launces
             to
             beat
             down
             ,
             and
             force
             back
             the
             first
             Ranks
             of
             the
             Romans
             ,
             but
             when
             they
             perceived
             the
             depth
             of
             their
             Battel
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Soldiers
             kept
             their
             ground
             ,
             they
             made
             a
             retreat
             ,
             and
             pretending
             to
             separate
             and
             break
             their
             Orders
             ,
             they
             encompassed
             the
             Romans
             round
             ,
             ere
             they
             were
             aware
             of
             it
             ;
             then
             Crassus
             Commanded
             his
             Light
             Armed
             Soldiers
             to
             charge
             in
             ,
             but
             they
             had
             not
             gone
             far
             ,
             before
             they
             were
             received
             with
             such
             a
             shower
             of
             Arrows
             ,
             that
             they
             were
             glad
             to
             retire
             amongst
             the
             heavy-Armed
             ,
             which
             was
             the
             first
             occasion
             of
             their
             disorder
             and
             terror
             ,
             when
             they
             perceived
             the
             strength
             and
             force
             of
             their
             Darts
             ,
             which
             pierced
             and
             broke
             their
             Arms
             ,
             Body
             and
             all
             .
             Now
             the
             Parthians
             divided
             themselves
             and
             began
             to
             shoot
             from
             all
             sides
             ,
             not
             aiming
             at
             any
             particular
             ,
             for
             indeed
             the
             order
             of
             the
             Romans
             was
             so
             close
             ,
             that
             they
             could
             not
             miss
             if
             they
             would
             ,
             and
             Arrows
             being
             forced
             out
             of
             strong
             bent
             Bows
             ,
             the
             strokes
             were
             very
             violent
             .
             Now
             was
             the
             state
             of
             the
             Romans
             desperate
             ,
             for
             if
             they
             kept
             their
             ranks
             ,
             they
             were
             wounded
             ,
             and
             if
             they
             charged
             ,
             though
             they
             hurt
             the
             Enemy
             ne'er
             
             the
             more
             ,
             they
             suffer'd
             ne'er
             the
             less
             .
             For
             the
             Parthians
             threw
             their
             Darts
             when
             they
             fled
             ,
             an
             Art
             ,
             which
             none
             but
             the
             Scythians
             are
             better
             practis'd
             in
             ,
             and
             't
             is
             cunningly
             contriv'd
             ;
             for
             while
             they
             thus
             fight
             to
             make
             their
             escape
             ,
             they
             avoid
             the
             dishonour
             of
             a
             Flight
             ;
             however
             the
             Romans
             had
             some
             comfort
             to
             think
             ,
             that
             when
             they
             had
             spent
             all
             their
             Arrows
             ,
             they
             would
             either
             give
             over
             ,
             or
             come
             to
             Handy-strokes
             ;
             but
             when
             they
             understood
             there
             were
             several
             Camels
             loaded
             with
             Arrows
             ,
             and
             when
             the
             first
             Ranks
             had
             discharged
             those
             they
             had
             ,
             they
             wheeled
             off
             ,
             and
             took
             more
             ;
             Crassus
             seeing
             no
             end
             of
             it
             ,
             was
             out
             of
             all
             heart
             ,
             but
             sent
             to
             his
             Son
             that
             he
             should
             endeavour
             to
             fall
             in
             upon
             them
             ,
             before
             he
             was
             quite
             surrounded
             ;
             for
             the
             Enemy
             charged
             mostly
             upon
             that
             Quarter
             ,
             and
             rode
             about
             that
             they
             might
             come
             behind
             him
             ;
             wherefore
             the
             young
             Man
             taking
             with
             him
             1300
             Horse
             (
             1000
             of
             which
             he
             had
             from
             Caesar
             )
             500
             Archers
             ,
             and
             Eight
             Companies
             of
             his
             best
             Armed
             Soldiers
             that
             stood
             next
             him
             ,
             he
             led
             them
             up
             with
             design
             to
             charge
             the
             Parthians
             .
             Whether
             it
             was
             that
             they
             feared
             to
             stand
             an
             Army
             in
             so
             good
             Array
             ,
             (
             as
             some
             think
             )
             or
             else
             designing
             to
             entice
             young
             Crassus
             ,
             as
             far
             as
             they
             could
             ,
             from
             his
             Father
             ,
             pretended
             to
             fly
             ;
             whereupon
             he
             crying
             out
             ,
             That
             they
             durst
             not
             stand
             ,
             pursued
             them
             ,
             and
             with
             him
             Censorinus
             and
             Vegabacchus
             ,
             
             both
             famous
             ,
             one
             for
             his
             Courage
             and
             Prowess
             ,
             the
             other
             for
             being
             of
             a
             Noble
             Family
             ,
             and
             an
             excellent
             Orator
             ,
             both
             Intimates
             of
             Crassus
             ,
             and
             his
             Contemporaries
             .
             The
             Horse
             thus
             pushing
             on
             ,
             the
             Infantry
             staid
             little
             behind
             ,
             being
             exalted
             with
             hopes
             and
             joy
             ,
             for
             they
             supposed
             they
             had
             already
             Conquered
             ,
             and
             now
             were
             only
             pursuing
             ,
             till
             ,
             when
             they
             were
             gone
             too
             far
             ,
             they
             perceiv'd
             the
             Deceit
             ;
             for
             they
             that
             seemed
             to
             fly
             ,
             now
             turned
             again
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             many
             fresh
             ones
             came
             on
             ;
             hereupon
             they
             made
             an
             Halt
             ,
             for
             they
             doubted
             not
             but
             now
             the
             Enemy
             would
             Attack
             them
             ,
             because
             they
             were
             so
             few
             ,
             but
             they
             placed
             their
             Curiassiers
             against
             the
             Romans
             ,
             and
             with
             the
             rest
             of
             their
             Horse
             ,
             rode
             about
             scowring
             the
             field
             ,
             and
             stirring
             up
             the
             sand
             ,
             they
             raised
             such
             a
             Dust
             ,
             that
             the
             Romans
             could
             neither
             see
             nor
             speak
             to
             one
             another
             ,
             and
             ,
             for
             want
             of
             room
             ,
             tumbling
             upon
             one
             another
             ,
             they
             were
             slain
             ,
             not
             by
             a
             quick
             and
             easie
             Death
             ,
             but
             with
             intolerable
             pain
             and
             convulsions
             ;
             for
             ,
             rowling
             among
             the
             Darts
             ,
             they
             lingered
             away
             of
             their
             Wounds
             ,
             and
             when
             they
             would
             ,
             by
             force
             ,
             pluck
             out
             the
             barbed
             Arrows
             ,
             they
             caught
             hold
             of
             the
             Nerves
             and
             Veins
             ,
             so
             that
             they
             tore
             and
             tortured
             themselves
             ;
             many
             of
             them
             Died
             thus
             ,
             and
             those
             that
             survived
             were
             Disabled
             for
             any
             service
             ,
             and
             when
             Publius
             exhorted
             them
             to
             charge
             the
             Curiassiers
             ,
             they
             shewed
             
             him
             their
             Hands
             nailed
             to
             their
             Shields
             ,
             and
             their
             Feet
             stuck
             to
             the
             ground
             ,
             so
             that
             they
             could
             neither
             fly
             nor
             fight
             ;
             wherefore
             he
             charged
             in
             briskly
             with
             his
             Horse
             ,
             and
             made
             a
             gallant
             Onset
             ;
             but
             the
             Fight
             was
             very
             unequal
             ,
             either
             as
             to
             the
             offensive
             or
             defensive
             part
             ;
             for
             the
             Romans
             with
             their
             weak
             and
             little
             Javelins
             ,
             struck
             against
             Targets
             that
             were
             of
             tough
             raw
             Hides
             ,
             or
             Steel
             ;
             whereas
             the
             naked
             Bodies
             of
             the
             Gauls
             were
             exposed
             to
             the
             strong
             Spears
             of
             the
             Enemy
             ;
             for
             upon
             these
             he
             mostly
             depended
             ,
             and
             with
             them
             he
             wrought
             Wonders
             ;
             for
             they
             would
             catch
             hold
             of
             their
             Spears
             ,
             and
             seize
             upon
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             so
             pull
             them
             off
             from
             their
             Horses
             ,
             where
             they
             could
             scarce
             stir
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             heaviness
             of
             their
             Armour
             ,
             and
             many
             of
             them
             quitting
             their
             own
             Horses
             ,
             would
             creep
             under
             those
             of
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             stick
             them
             into
             the
             Belly
             ;
             which
             growing
             unruly
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             pain
             ,
             trampled
             upon
             their
             Riders
             ,
             and
             Enemies
             promiscuously
             .
             The
             Gauls
             were
             chiefly
             tormented
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             Heat
             and
             Drought
             ,
             being
             not
             accustomed
             to
             them
             ;
             and
             most
             of
             their
             Horses
             were
             slain
             ,
             by
             being
             spurred
             on
             against
             the
             Spears
             ,
             so
             that
             they
             were
             forced
             to
             retire
             among
             the
             Foot
             ,
             bearing
             off
             Publius
             grievously
             wounded
             :
             Observing
             a
             sandy
             Hillock
             ,
             not
             far
             off
             ,
             they
             made
             to
             it
             ;
             tying
             therefore
             their
             Horses
             to
             one
             another
             ,
             and
             placing
             
             them
             in
             the
             midst
             ,
             and
             joyning
             all
             their
             Shields
             together
             ,
             before
             them
             ,
             they
             thought
             they
             might
             make
             some
             Defence
             against
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             but
             it
             fell
             out
             quite
             contrary
             ,
             for
             when
             they
             were
             drawn
             up
             in
             a
             Plain
             ,
             the
             Front
             ,
             in
             some
             measure
             ,
             secured
             those
             that
             were
             behind
             ,
             but
             when
             they
             were
             upon
             the
             Hill
             ,
             one
             being
             higher
             than
             another
             ,
             there
             was
             no
             avoiding
             of
             it
             ,
             but
             all
             were
             equally
             exposed
             ,
             bewailing
             their
             Inglorious
             and
             useless
             Fate
             .
             There
             were
             with
             Publius
             two
             Greeks
             ,
             that
             lived
             near
             there
             at
             
               Carras
               ,
               Hieronymus
            
             ,
             and
             Nichomachus
             ,
             they
             perswaded
             him
             to
             retire
             with
             them
             to
             Icenas
             ,
             a
             Town
             not
             far
             from
             thence
             ,
             and
             Allie
             of
             the
             Romans
             .
             No
             ,
             said
             he
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             death
             so
             terrible
             ,
             for
             the
             fear
             of
             which
             Publius
             would
             leave
             his
             Friends
             that
             die
             upon
             his
             Account
             ;
             but
             wishing
             them
             to
             take
             care
             of
             themselves
             ,
             he
             embraced
             them
             and
             sent
             them
             away
             ,
             and
             because
             he
             could
             not
             use
             his
             Arm
             ,
             for
             he
             was
             run
             through
             with
             a
             Spear
             ,
             he
             opened
             his
             Side
             to
             his
             Armour-Bearer
             ,
             and
             Commanded
             him
             to
             run
             him
             through
             ;
             and
             't
             was
             said
             ,
             that
             Censorinus
             fell
             after
             the
             same
             manner
             ,
             Vegabacchus
             slew
             himself
             ,
             as
             also
             the
             rest
             of
             best
             note
             ,
             and
             the
             Parthians
             coming
             upon
             the
             rest
             with
             their
             Lances
             ,
             killed
             them
             fighting
             ,
             nor
             were
             there
             above
             500
             taken
             Prisoners
             ;
             cutting
             off
             the
             head
             of
             Publius
             ,
             they
             directly
             march
             towards
             Crassus
             ;
             and
             this
             was
             the
             posture
             of
             Affairs
             ,
             when
             he
             had
             
             commanded
             his
             Son
             to
             fall
             upon
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             word
             was
             brought
             him
             that
             they
             were
             fled
             ,
             and
             perceiving
             that
             the
             Enemy
             did
             not
             press
             upon
             him
             so
             hard
             as
             formerly
             ,
             for
             they
             were
             gone
             to
             fall
             upon
             Publius
             ,
             he
             began
             to
             take
             heart
             a
             little
             ;
             and
             drawing
             his
             Army
             into
             a
             convenient
             place
             ,
             expected
             when
             his
             Son
             would
             return
             from
             the
             pursuit
             of
             those
             whom
             he
             thought
             defeated
             (
             as
             soon
             as
             he
             saw
             his
             danger
             )
             the
             first
             Messengers
             were
             intercepted
             by
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             slain
             ,
             the
             last
             hardly
             escaping
             came
             and
             declared
             ,
             That
             Publius
             was
             lost
             ,
             unless
             he
             had
             speedy
             Succours
             ;
             Crassus
             was
             mightily
             distracted
             ,
             not
             knowing
             what
             Counsel
             to
             take
             ,
             being
             fearful
             for
             the
             main
             Chance
             ,
             and
             desirous
             to
             help
             his
             Son
             ,
             at
             last
             he
             resolved
             to
             move
             with
             his
             Forces
             :
             Just
             upon
             this
             ,
             up
             came
             the
             Enemy
             with
             their
             shouts
             and
             noises
             ,
             now
             more
             terrible
             ,
             with
             their
             Drums
             astonishing
             the
             Romans
             ,
             who
             now
             feared
             a
             fresh
             engagement
             ;
             and
             they
             that
             brought
             Publius
             his
             Head
             upon
             the
             point
             of
             a
             Spear
             ,
             when
             they
             were
             come
             so
             near
             that
             it
             could
             be
             known
             ,
             scoffingly
             enquired
             where
             were
             his
             Parents
             ,
             and
             what
             Family
             he
             was
             of
             ,
             for
             't
             was
             impossible
             that
             so
             brave
             and
             gallant
             a
             Gentleman
             ,
             should
             be
             the
             Son
             of
             so
             pitiful
             a
             Coward
             as
             Crassus
             :
             This
             sight
             ,
             above
             all
             the
             rest
             ,
             dismayed
             the
             Romans
             ,
             for
             it
             did
             not
             incite
             them
             to
             courage
             as
             it
             ought
             to
             have
             done
             ,
             but
             to
             horror
             and
             trembling
             ,
             
             though
             they
             say
             ,
             Crassus
             out-did
             himself
             in
             this
             Calamity
             ,
             for
             he
             passed
             through
             the
             ranks
             ,
             and
             cried
             out
             to
             them
             :
             This
             ,
             dear
             Country-men
             ,
             is
             my
             own
             peculiar
             Loss
             ,
             but
             the
             Fortune
             and
             the
             Glory
             of
             Rome
             is
             safe
             and
             untainted
             so
             long
             as
             you
             are
             safe
             ,
             but
             if
             any
             one
             be
             concerned
             for
             my
             loss
             of
             the
             best
             of
             Sons
             ,
             let
             him
             shew
             it
             in
             revenging
             him
             upon
             the
             Enemy
             :
             Take
             away
             their
             joy
             ,
             revenge
             their
             Cruelty
             ,
             nor
             be
             dismayed
             at
             what
             is
             past
             ;
             for
             whoever
             attempts
             great
             matters
             must
             suffer
             something
             :
             Neither
             did
             Lucullus
             overthrow
             Tigranes
             without
             Bloodshed
             ,
             nor
             
               Scipio
               Antiochus
            
             :
             Our
             Ancestors
             have
             lost
             1000
             Ships
             about
             Sicily
             ,
             and
             how
             many
             Generals
             and
             Captains
             in
             Italy
             ?
             None
             of
             which
             notwithstanding
             failed
             to
             overthrow
             the
             Conquerors
             ,
             for
             the
             State
             of
             Rome
             did
             not
             arrive
             to
             this
             height
             by
             Fortune
             ,
             but
             by
             perseverance
             and
             virtue
             .
             While
             Crassus
             thus
             spake
             ,
             exhorting
             them
             ,
             he
             saw
             but
             few
             that
             gave
             much
             heed
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             when
             he
             ordered
             them
             to
             shout
             for
             the
             Battel
             ,
             he
             found
             the
             deadness
             of
             heart
             of
             his
             Army
             ,
             which
             made
             but
             a
             faint
             and
             weak
             noise
             ,
             but
             the
             shout
             of
             the
             Enemy
             was
             clear
             and
             bold
             ,
             and
             when
             they
             came
             to
             the
             business
             ,
             the
             Horsemen
             riding
             about
             shot
             their
             Arrows
             ,
             and
             the
             foremost
             ranks
             with
             their
             Spears
             drove
             the
             Romans
             close
             together
             ,
             except
             those
             who
             rush'd
             upon
             them
             for
             fear
             of
             being
             killed
             by
             their
             Arrows
             .
             Neither
             did
             
             these
             do
             much
             Execution
             ,
             being
             quickly
             dispatched
             ,
             for
             the
             strong
             thick
             Spear
             made
             great
             Wounds
             ,
             and
             often
             run
             through
             two
             Men
             at
             once
             ;
             as
             they
             were
             thus
             fighting
             ,
             the
             Night
             coming
             on
             parted
             them
             ,
             the
             Parthians
             boasting
             that
             they
             would
             indulge
             Crassus
             one
             Night
             to
             mourn
             his
             Son
             ,
             unless
             upon
             better
             consideration
             he
             would
             rather
             go
             to
             Arsaces
             ,
             than
             be
             carried
             to
             him
             ;
             and
             therefore
             took
             up
             their
             Quarters
             near
             them
             ,
             being
             flush'd
             with
             their
             Victory
             :
             But
             the
             Romans
             had
             a
             sad
             Night
             of
             it
             ,
             for
             neither
             taking
             care
             for
             the
             Burial
             of
             their
             dead
             ,
             nor
             the
             Cure
             of
             the
             Wounds
             ,
             nor
             the
             Groans
             of
             the
             expiring
             ,
             every
             one
             bewailed
             his
             own
             Fate
             :
             For
             there
             was
             no
             means
             of
             escaping
             .
             Whether
             they
             should
             stay
             for
             the
             Light
             ,
             or
             venture
             to
             retreat
             into
             the
             vast
             Desart
             in
             the
             Dark
             ,
             and
             now
             the
             Wounded
             Men
             gave
             them
             new
             trouble
             ,
             for
             to
             take
             them
             with
             them
             would
             retard
             their
             flight
             ,
             and
             if
             they
             should
             leave
             them
             ,
             they
             might
             serve
             as
             Guides
             to
             the
             Enemy
             by
             their
             Crys
             ,
             but
             however
             they
             were
             desirous
             to
             see
             and
             hear
             Crassus
             ,
             though
             they
             were
             sensible
             he
             was
             the
             cause
             of
             all
             their
             Mischief
             ;
             but
             he
             retired
             and
             hid
             himself
             ,
             where
             he
             lay
             as
             an
             Example
             of
             Fortune
             to
             the
             Vulgar
             ,
             but
             to
             the
             Wise
             an
             Example
             of
             Inconsiderateness
             and
             Ambition
             :
             Who
             ,
             not
             content
             to
             be
             Supperior
             to
             so
             many
             Millions
             of
             Men
             ,
             but
             being
             inferiour
             to
             two
             ,
             esteemed
             himself
             as
             the
             
             lowest
             of
             all
             .
             Then
             came
             Octavius
             his
             Lieutenant
             General
             ,
             and
             Cassius
             to
             comfort
             him
             ,
             but
             he
             being
             altogether
             struck
             sensless
             ,
             they
             called
             together
             the
             Centurions
             ,
             and
             Officers
             ,
             and
             agreeing
             that
             the
             best
             way
             was
             to
             fly
             ,
             they
             ordered
             the
             Army
             to
             march
             without
             sound
             of
             Trumpet
             ,
             and
             at
             first
             with
             silence
             ;
             but
             when
             the
             disabled
             Men
             found
             they
             were
             left
             behind
             ,
             a
             strange
             Confusion
             and
             Tumult
             ,
             with
             an
             Outcry
             and
             Lamentation
             seized
             the
             Camp
             ,
             and
             a
             trembling
             and
             dread
             fell
             upon
             them
             ,
             as
             if
             the
             Enemy
             were
             at
             their
             heels
             ;
             by
             which
             means
             now
             and
             then
             turning
             back
             ,
             now
             and
             then
             standing
             to
             their
             order
             ,
             sometimes
             taking
             up
             the
             Wounded
             that
             followed
             ,
             sometimes
             laying
             of
             them
             down
             ,
             they
             wasted
             the
             time
             ,
             (
             except
             300
             Horse
             )
             whom
             Ignatius
             brought
             safe
             to
             Carrae
             about
             midnight
             ;
             where
             calling
             to
             the
             Watch
             ,
             assoon
             as
             they
             heard
             him
             ,
             he
             bid
             them
             tell
             Coponius
             the
             Governour
             ,
             that
             Crassus
             had
             fought
             a
             very
             great
             Battel
             with
             the
             Parthians
             ;
             having
             said
             but
             this
             ,
             and
             not
             so
             much
             as
             telling
             his
             Name
             ,
             he
             rid
             away
             at
             speed
             to
             Zeugma
             :
             'T
             is
             true
             ,
             by
             this
             means
             he
             saved
             himself
             and
             his
             Men
             ,
             but
             he
             lost
             his
             Reputation
             by
             deserting
             his
             General
             ;
             but
             however
             his
             Message
             to
             Coponius
             was
             for
             the
             advantage
             of
             Crassus
             ,
             for
             suspecting
             by
             this
             hasty
             and
             confused
             delivery
             of
             himself
             ,
             that
             all
             was
             not
             well
             ,
             he
             immediately
             ordered
             the
             Garrison
             to
             be
             in
             Arms
             ,
             
             and
             assoon
             as
             he
             understood
             ▪
             that
             Crassus
             was
             upon
             the
             way
             towards
             him
             ,
             he
             went
             out
             to
             meet
             him
             ,
             and
             received
             him
             with
             his
             Army
             into
             the
             Town
             ;
             but
             the
             Parthians
             ,
             although
             they
             perceived
             their
             dislodgment
             in
             the
             Night
             ,
             yet
             did
             not
             pursue
             them
             ,
             but
             as
             soon
             as
             it
             was
             day
             ,
             they
             came
             upon
             those
             that
             were
             left
             in
             the
             Camp
             ,
             and
             put
             no
             less
             than
             4000
             of
             them
             to
             the
             Sword
             ,
             and
             with
             their
             light
             Horse
             pick'd
             up
             a
             great
             many
             straglers
             ;
             Vargontinus
             the
             Legate
             broke
             off
             from
             the
             main
             Body
             with
             about
             three
             Cohorts
             ,
             which
             strayed
             out
             of
             the
             way
             ,
             the
             Parthians
             encompassing
             these
             in
             an
             eminence
             ,
             slew
             every
             Man
             of
             them
             excepting
             twenty
             ,
             who
             with
             their
             drawn
             Swords
             forced
             their
             way
             through
             the
             thickest
             ,
             and
             they
             admiring
             their
             Courage
             ,
             opened
             their
             Ranks
             to
             the
             right
             and
             left
             ,
             and
             let
             them
             pass
             without
             any
             further
             molestation
             ,
             to
             Carrae
             .
          
           
             Soon
             after
             a
             false
             report
             was
             brought
             to
             Syrena
             ,
             that
             Crassus
             with
             his
             principal
             Officers
             had
             escap'd
             ,
             and
             that
             those
             who
             were
             got
             into
             Carrae
             ,
             were
             but
             a
             confused
             Rout
             of
             insignificant
             People
             not
             worth
             further
             pursuit
             .
             Supposing
             therefore
             that
             he
             had
             lost
             the
             very
             Crown
             and
             Glory
             of
             his
             Victory
             ,
             and
             yet
             being
             uncertain
             whether
             it
             were
             so
             or
             not
             ,
             and
             therefore
             not
             able
             to
             resolve
             ,
             whether
             he
             should
             besiege
             Carrae
             or
             follow
             Crassus
             ,
             he
             sent
             one
             of
             his
             Interpreters
             
             to
             the
             Walls
             ,
             commanding
             him
             in
             Latin
             to
             call
             Crassus
             or
             Cassius
             ;
             for
             that
             the
             General
             Syrena
             had
             a
             mind
             to
             threat
             with
             him
             ;
             as
             soon
             as
             Crassus
             heard
             this
             he
             embrac'd
             the
             Proposal
             ,
             and
             soon
             after
             came
             up
             a
             Band
             of
             Arabians
             ,
             who
             very
             well
             knew
             the
             faces
             of
             Crassus
             and
             Cassius
             ,
             as
             having
             been
             frequently
             in
             the
             Roman
             Camp
             before
             the
             Battel
             .
             They
             having
             espied
             Cassius
             from
             the
             Wall
             ,
             told
             him
             that
             Syrena
             desired
             a
             Peace
             ,
             and
             would
             give
             them
             safe
             Convoy
             ,
             if
             they
             would
             make
             a
             League
             with
             the
             King
             his
             Master
             ,
             and
             withdraw
             all
             their
             Garrisons
             out
             of
             Mesopotamia
             ,
             and
             this
             he
             thought
             most
             advisable
             for
             them
             both
             ,
             before
             things
             came
             to
             extremity
             .
             Cassius
             greedily
             embracing
             the
             Proposal
             ,
             desired
             that
             a
             time
             and
             place
             might
             be
             appointed
             ,
             where
             Crassus
             and
             Syrena
             might
             have
             an
             interview
             .
             The
             Arabians
             having
             charged
             themselves
             with
             the
             Message
             ,
             went
             back
             to
             Syrena
             ,
             who
             was
             not
             a
             little
             rejoiced
             ,
             that
             Crassus
             would
             stand
             a
             Siege
             ;
             next
             day
             therefore
             he
             came
             up
             with
             his
             Army
             ,
             insulting
             over
             the
             Romans
             ,
             and
             haughtily
             demanding
             of
             them
             Crassus
             and
             Cassius
             bound
             ,
             if
             they
             expected
             any
             mercy
             ;
             the
             Romans
             ,
             seeing
             themselves
             deluded
             and
             mock'd
             ,
             were
             much
             troubled
             at
             it
             ,
             and
             advising
             Crassus
             to
             lay
             aside
             his
             long
             and
             empty
             Hopes
             of
             aid
             from
             the
             Armenians
             ,
             resolved
             to
             fly
             for
             it
             ;
             and
             this
             Design
             ought
             to
             have
             been
             kept
             
             private
             ,
             till
             they
             were
             upon
             their
             way
             ,
             but
             Crassus
             could
             not
             conceal
             it
             from
             the
             Villain
             Andromachus
             ,
             nay
             he
             was
             so
             infatuated
             ,
             as
             to
             chuse
             him
             for
             his
             Guide
             .
             The
             Parthians
             then
             to
             be
             sure
             had
             punctual
             intelligence
             of
             all
             that
             passed
             ;
             but
             it
             being
             forbid
             to
             them
             by
             the
             Laws
             of
             their
             Country
             ,
             and
             no
             less
             difficult
             to
             fight
             by
             Night
             ,
             Crassus
             chose
             that
             time
             to
             set
             out
             in
             ,
             and
             the
             trusty
             Andromachus
             ,
             lest
             he
             should
             get
             the
             start
             too
             far
             of
             his
             Pursuers
             ,
             led
             him
             into
             Morasses
             ,
             and
             places
             full
             of
             Ditches
             and
             Inclosures
             ,
             so
             that
             it
             was
             exceeding
             painful
             and
             vexatious
             to
             his
             Company
             ,
             and
             some
             there
             were
             who
             supposing
             by
             these
             Windings
             and
             Turnings
             of
             Andromachus
             ,
             that
             no
             good
             was
             intended
             ,
             resolved
             to
             follow
             him
             no
             further
             ;
             and
             at
             last
             Cassius
             himself
             returned
             to
             Carrae
             ,
             and
             his
             Guides
             the
             Arabians
             advising
             him
             to
             tarry
             there
             till
             the
             Moon
             was
             got
             out
             of
             Scorpio
             ,
             he
             told
             them
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             most
             afraid
             of
             Sagittarius
             ;
             and
             they
             with
             500
             Horse
             left
             ,
             him
             and
             went
             into
             Assyria
             .
             Others
             there
             were
             ,
             who
             having
             got
             honest
             Guides
             ,
             took
             their
             way
             by
             the
             Mountains
             ,
             and
             got
             into
             places
             of
             security
             by
             day-break
             ;
             these
             were
             5000
             ,
             under
             the
             Command
             of
             Octavius
             ,
             a
             very
             gallant
             Man
             ;
             but
             Crassus
             fared
             worse
             ,
             for
             Andromachus
             had
             so
             intangled
             him
             in
             the
             Fens
             and
             rough
             Ways
             ,
             that
             before
             he
             could
             get
             clear
             of
             them
             ,
             the
             Parthians
             were
             at
             his
             Heels
             .
             
             There
             were
             with
             him
             four
             Cohorts
             of
             Legionary
             Soldiers
             ,
             a
             very
             few
             Horsemen
             ,
             with
             whom
             having
             with
             great
             difficulty
             got
             into
             the
             way
             ,
             and
             not
             being
             above
             a
             Mile
             and
             half
             from
             Octavius
             ,
             instead
             of
             going
             to
             joyn
             him
             ,
             he
             retreated
             unto
             another
             Hill
             ,
             neither
             so
             defensible
             nor
             unpassable
             for
             the
             Horse
             ,
             but
             yet
             lying
             under
             the
             Hills
             of
             Sinnaca
             ,
             and
             continued
             in
             a
             long
             Ridge
             through
             the
             Plains
             ,
             Octavius
             could
             see
             in
             what
             danger
             the
             General
             was
             ;
             and
             himself
             ,
             at
             first
             but
             slenderly
             followed
             ,
             came
             in
             to
             the
             rescue
             .
             Soon
             after
             the
             rest
             upbraiding
             one
             another
             with
             Baseness
             ,
             in
             forsaking
             their
             Officers
             ,
             marched
             down
             ,
             and
             falling
             upon
             the
             Parthians
             ,
             drove
             them
             from
             the
             Hill
             ,
             and
             compassing
             Crassus
             about
             ,
             and
             fencing
             him
             with
             their
             Shields
             ,
             they
             declared
             that
             their
             General
             should
             never
             lie
             exposed
             to
             a
             Parthian
             Arrow
             ,
             so
             long
             as
             there
             was
             a
             Man
             of
             them
             left
             alive
             ;
             Syrena
             therefore
             perceiving
             his
             Soldiers
             grew
             faint
             in
             their
             Attaque
             ,
             and
             knowing
             that
             if
             the
             Romans
             should
             spin
             out
             the
             Battel
             till
             Night
             ,
             they
             might
             then
             gain
             the
             Mountains
             ,
             and
             be
             out
             of
             his
             reach
             ,
             he
             betook
             himself
             to
             his
             usual
             Craft
             ;
             for
             some
             of
             the
             Prisoners
             were
             set
             free
             ,
             who
             had
             heard
             a
             contrived
             discourse
             in
             the
             Camp
             ,
             that
             the
             King
             did
             not
             design
             a
             War
             to
             be
             pursued
             with
             the
             utmost
             extremity
             against
             the
             Romans
             ,
             but
             rather
             by
             his
             gentle
             Treatment
             of
             Crassus
             ,
             to
             make
             a
             step
             towards
             
             Reconciliation
             of
             the
             two
             Empires
             ;
             and
             the
             Barbarians
             desisted
             from
             fighting
             ,
             Syrena
             himself
             going
             gently
             to
             the
             Hill
             ,
             unbent
             his
             Bow
             ,
             and
             held
             out
             his
             Hand
             ,
             inviting
             Crassus
             to
             an
             Agreement
             ,
             and
             withal
             assured
             him
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             besides
             the
             Kings
             intentions
             ,
             that
             they
             had
             thus
             far
             shewn
             their
             Valour
             and
             Force
             ;
             that
             now
             he
             desired
             no
             other
             contention
             but
             that
             of
             Kindness
             and
             Friendship
             ,
             by
             making
             a
             firm
             Alliance
             ,
             and
             permitting
             them
             to
             go
             away
             in
             fafety
             :
             These
             Words
             of
             Syrena
             some
             received
             joyfully
             and
             accepted
             the
             Offer
             ;
             but
             Crassus
             ,
             who
             had
             had
             sufficient
             experience
             of
             their
             Perfidiousness
             ,
             and
             not
             being
             able
             to
             assign
             any
             Reason
             of
             the
             sudden
             Change
             ,
             would
             give
             no
             ear
             to
             them
             ,
             and
             only
             took
             time
             to
             consider
             ;
             but
             the
             Soldiers
             cried
             out
             and
             advised
             him
             to
             treat
             ,
             afterwards
             upbraided
             and
             affronted
             him
             ,
             saying
             ,
             
               That
               it
               was
               very
               unreasonable
               that
               he
               should
               bring
               them
               to
               fight
               with
               such
               Men
               Armed
               ,
               whom
               himself
               without
               their
               Arms
               durst
               not
               look
               in
               the
               Face
               .
            
             He
             tried
             first
             to
             prevail
             with
             them
             by
             Intreaties
             ,
             and
             told
             them
             ,
             
               That
               if
               they
               would
               have
               patience
               till
               Evening
               ,
               they
               might
               get
               into
               the
               Mountains
               and
               Passes
               ,
               unaccessible
               for
               Horse
               ,
               and
               so
               be
               out
               of
               danger
               of
               the
            
             Parthian
             Darts
             ;
             and
             withal
             he
             pointed
             out
             the
             Way
             with
             his
             Hand
             ,
             entreating
             them
             
               not
               to
               neglect
               their
               Preservation
               ,
               which
               presented
               it self
               to
               them
               .
            
             But
             when
             they
             mutinied
             ,
             and
             
             clash'd
             their
             Targets
             in
             a
             threatning
             manner
             ,
             he
             was
             overpower'd
             and
             forced
             to
             go
             ,
             and
             turning
             about
             at
             parting
             ,
             said
             ,
             You
             ,
             Octavius
             and
             Petronius
             ,
             
               and
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Commanders
               which
               are
               present
               ,
               you
               see
               the
               necessity
               of
               going
               ,
               which
               I
               lie
               under
               ,
               and
               ye
               cannot
               but
               be
               sensible
               of
               the
               Indignities
               and
               Violence
               which
               is
               offered
               to
               my
               Person
               ;
               however
               out
               of
               tenderness
               to
               the
               Honour
               of
               the
            
             Romans
             ,
             
               declare
               to
               all
               the
               World
               ,
               that
            
             Crassus
             
               perish'd
               rather
               by
               the
               subtilty
               of
               his
               Enemies
               ,
               than
               by
               the
               Treason
               and
               Perfidiousness
               of
               his
               Friends
               and
               Country-men
               .
            
             But
             Octavius
             would
             not
             stay
             there
             ,
             but
             with
             Petronius
             ,
             went
             down
             from
             the
             Hill
             ;
             as
             for
             the
             
               Lictors
               ,
               Crassus
            
             bid
             them
             be
             gone
             .
             The
             first
             that
             met
             him
             were
             two
             half-blood
             Gr●cians
             ,
             who
             leaping
             from
             their
             Horses
             ,
             made
             a
             profound
             Reverence
             to
             Crassus
             ,
             and
             desired
             him
             (
             in
             Greek
             )
             to
             send
             some
             before
             him
             ,
             who
             might
             see
             that
             Syrena
             himself
             was
             coming
             towards
             them
             ,
             his
             retinue
             disarmed
             ,
             and
             not
             having
             so
             much
             as
             their
             wearing
             Swords
             along
             with
             them
             ;
             but
             Crassus
             answered
             ,
             That
             if
             he
             had
             but
             the
             least
             Concern
             for
             his
             Life
             ,
             he
             would
             never
             have
             intrusted
             himself
             in
             their
             Hands
             ;
             but
             sent
             two
             Brothers
             the
             Roscii
             by
             name
             ,
             to
             take
             an
             account
             how
             accoutred
             ,
             and
             in
             what
             numbers
             they
             came
             ,
             and
             them
             Syrena
             ordered
             immediately
             to
             be
             seized
             ,
             and
             himself
             with
             his
             principal
             Officers
             came
             up
             to
             
             him
             upon
             the
             Spur
             ,
             and
             greeting
             him
             ,
             says
             he
             ,
             
               This
               is
               a
               most
               undecent
               Spectacle
               ,
               a
            
             Roman
             
               Emperor
               on
               Foot
               ,
               whilst
               I
               and
               my
               Train
               are
               on
               Horse-back
               :
            
             But
             Crassus
             ,
             replyed
             ,
             That
             there
             was
             no
             error
             committed
             on
             either
             side
             ,
             for
             they
             both
             met
             according
             to
             the
             custom
             of
             their
             own
             Country
             ,
             Syrena
             told
             him
             that
             from
             that
             time
             there
             was
             a
             League
             betwixt
             the
             King
             his
             Master
             and
             the
             Romans
             ,
             but
             that
             Crassus
             must
             go
             with
             him
             to
             the
             River
             to
             sign
             it
             ,
             for
             you
             Romans
             (
             says
             he
             )
             are
             something
             forgetful
             of
             your
             Articles
             and
             Agreements
             ,
             and
             therefore
             need
             some
             remarkable
             sign
             to
             keep
             it
             in
             your
             Memory
             ,
             and
             withal
             reacht
             out
             his
             Hand
             to
             him
             .
             Crassus
             therefore
             gave
             order
             that
             one
             of
             his
             Padds
             should
             be
             brought
             ,
             Syrena
             told
             him
             there
             was
             no
             need
             he
             should
             put
             himself
             to
             that
             trouble
             ,
             for
             the
             King
             his
             Master
             presents
             him
             with
             one
             ;
             and
             immediately
             ,
             a
             Horse
             with
             a
             Golden
             Bit
             ,
             and
             very
             rich
             Trappings
             ,
             was
             brought
             up
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             himself
             was
             forcibly
             put
             into
             the
             Saddle
             ,
             and
             his
             Gentlemen
             switched
             the
             Horse
             to
             make
             the
             more
             hast
             ;
             but
             Octavius
             running
             up
             got
             hold
             of
             the
             Bridle
             ,
             and
             soon
             after
             one
             of
             the
             Colonels
             with
             Petronius
             and
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Company
             came
             in
             striving
             to
             stop
             the
             Horse
             ,
             and
             pulling
             back
             those
             who
             on
             both
             sides
             of
             him
             forced
             Crassus
             forward
             .
             Thus
             from
             pulling
             and
             thrusting
             one
             another
             ,
             they
             came
             to
             a
             Tumult
             ,
             
             and
             soon
             after
             to
             blows
             .
             Octavius
             drawing
             his
             Sword
             killed
             a
             Groom
             of
             one
             of
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             and
             one
             of
             them
             getting
             behind
             Octavius
             killed
             him
             ,
             Petronius
             was
             not
             Armed
             ,
             but
             being
             struck
             on
             the
             Breast
             ,
             he
             fell
             down
             from
             his
             Horse
             ,
             though
             without
             hurt
             ;
             one
             Pomaxaithres
             killed
             Crassus
             ,
             others
             say
             it
             was
             another
             ,
             and
             that
             this
             man
             only
             cut
             off
             his
             Head
             and
             right
             Hand
             ;
             for
             as
             for
             those
             that
             were
             by
             ,
             they
             had
             not
             leisure
             to
             observe
             Particulars
             ,
             being
             either
             killed
             fighting
             about
             Crassus
             ,
             or
             using
             their
             heels
             to
             get
             to
             their
             Comrades
             on
             the
             Hill.
             But
             the
             Parthians
             coming
             upon
             them
             ,
             and
             saying
             that
             Crassus
             had
             the
             punishment
             he
             justly
             deserved
             ,
             Syrena
             bid
             the
             rest
             to
             come
             down
             from
             the
             Hill
             without
             fear
             ;
             some
             of
             them
             came
             down
             and
             surrendred
             themselves
             ,
             others
             were
             scattered
             up
             and
             down
             in
             the
             Night
             ,
             (
             a
             very
             few
             of
             which
             got
             safe
             home
             )
             and
             others
             the
             Arabians
             ,
             beating
             the
             field
             ,
             hunted
             and
             put
             to
             Death
             .
             It
             is
             generally
             said
             ,
             that
             in
             all
             20000
             Men
             were
             slain
             ,
             and
             10000
             taken
             Prisoners
             ,
             but
             Syrena
             sent
             the
             Head
             and
             Hand
             of
             Crassus
             to
             Hyrodes
             the
             King
             ,
             into
             Armenia
             ;
             but
             himself
             by
             his
             Messengers
             scatering
             a
             Report
             ,
             That
             he
             was
             bringing
             Crassus
             alive
             to
             Seleucia
             ,
             made
             a
             ridiculous
             Procession
             ,
             which
             by
             way
             of
             scorn
             he
             call'd
             a
             Triumph
             .
             For
             one
             
               Caius
               Pacianus
            
             ,
             who
             of
             all
             the
             Prisoners
             was
             most
             like
             to
             Crassus
             ,
             being
             put
             into
             the
             Habit
             of
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             
             and
             instructed
             to
             take
             the
             Title
             of
             Crassus
             and
             Emperor
             from
             those
             who
             spoke
             to
             him
             ,
             was
             brought
             sitting
             upon
             his
             Horse
             ,
             but
             before
             him
             went
             a
             parcel
             of
             Trumpeters
             and
             Lictors
             upon
             their
             Camels
             ;
             the
             Girdles
             and
             Purses
             of
             the
             Romans
             were
             hung
             as
             the
             end
             of
             the
             Bundles
             of
             Rods
             ,
             and
             the
             Heads
             of
             the
             slain
             ,
             fresh
             bleeding
             ,
             at
             the
             end
             of
             their
             Axes
             ;
             after
             them
             followed
             the
             Seleucian
             Minstrelsie
             making
             abundance
             of
             scurrilous
             and
             abusive
             Reflections
             ,
             upon
             the
             Effeminacy
             and
             Cowardliness
             of
             Crassus
             ,
             with
             a
             musical
             Cadence
             ;
             and
             this
             Show
             was
             seen
             by
             every
             Body
             :
             but
             Syrena
             calling
             together
             the
             Senate
             of
             Seleucia
             ,
             shewed
             to
             them
             a
             wanton
             Book
             of
             Aristides
             ,
             called
             his
             Milesia
             ;
             neither
             was
             this
             a
             Forgery
             ,
             for
             it
             was
             found
             amongst
             the
             Spoyls
             of
             Roscius
             ,
             and
             was
             a
             good
             subject
             for
             Syrena
             to
             droll
             upon
             the
             Romans
             ,
             who
             were
             not
             able
             even
             in
             the
             time
             of
             War
             to
             forbear
             such
             wanton
             Writings
             and
             Practices
             ;
             but
             the
             people
             of
             Seleucia
             ,
             had
             reason
             to
             commend
             the
             Wisdom
             of
             
             Aesop's
             Fable
             of
             the
             
             Sack
             ,
             seeing
             their
             General
             Syrena
             carrying
             a
             bag
             full
             of
             loose
             Milesian
             Sonnets
             before
             him
             ,
             but
             drawing
             after
             him
             a
             whole
             
               Parthian
               Syberis
            
             ,
             or
             Brothel
             house
             ,
             if
             I
             may
             so
             call
             it
             ,
             with
             so
             many
             Coaches
             full
             of
             his
             Wenches
             ,
             which
             might
             well
             be
             compared
             to
             Vipers
             and
             Aspes
             ;
             for
             he
             resembled
             that
             Fable
             ,
             where
             the
             Front
             looks
             great
             and
             terrible
             with
             Spears
             and
             Arrows
             ,
             and
             Darts
             ,
             and
             Horsemen
             ,
             but
             the
             Rear
             
             consisted
             of
             loose
             Women
             ,
             and
             Ministrels
             ,
             and
             Players
             on
             Castianetta's
             ,
             and
             all
             Instruments
             of
             Luxury
             .
             Roscius
             indeed
             is
             not
             to
             be
             excused
             ,
             but
             sure
             the
             Parthians
             had
             forgot
             (
             when
             they
             mock'd
             at
             the
             Milesiaca
             )
             that
             many
             of
             the
             Royal
             Line
             of
             their
             Arsacidoe
             ,
             had
             been
             born
             of
             Milesian
             and
             Ionian
             Strumpets
             .
             Whilst
             these
             things
             were
             doing
             ,
             Hyrodes
             had
             struck
             up
             a
             Peace
             with
             the
             King
             of
             Armenia
             ,
             and
             made
             a
             match
             betwixt
             his
             Son
             and
             the
             King
             of
             
             Armenia's
             Daughter
             ,
             their
             Feastings
             and
             Entertainments
             were
             very
             Sumptuous
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             some
             Grecian
             Compositions
             ,
             suitable
             to
             the
             Occasion
             ,
             were
             recited
             amongst
             them
             ,
             for
             Hyrodes
             was
             not
             altogether
             ignorant
             of
             the
             Greek
             Language
             ,
             but
             Artuasades
             was
             so
             expert
             in
             it
             ,
             as
             that
             he
             wrote
             Tragedies
             and
             Orations
             ,
             and
             Histories
             ,
             some
             of
             which
             are
             still
             extant
             .
             When
             the
             head
             of
             Crassus
             was
             brought
             to
             the
             Door
             ,
             the
             Table
             was
             just
             taken
             away
             ,
             and
             one
             Jason
             an
             Actor
             of
             Tragedies
             sung
             the
             Scene
             in
             the
             Bacchoe
             of
             Eurypides
             concerning
             Agave
             ,
             he
             having
             gotten
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             Applause
             .
             Sillaces
             comming
             into
             the
             Room
             ,
             and
             having
             ador'd
             the
             King
             ,
             threw
             down
             the
             head
             of
             Crassus
             into
             the
             midst
             of
             the
             Company
             ,
             the
             Parthians
             taking
             it
             up
             with
             Joy
             ,
             and
             Acclamations
             ,
             Sillaces
             by
             the
             King's
             order
             was
             made
             to
             sit
             down
             ,
             but
             Jason
             laid
             aside
             the
             Person
             of
             Pentheus
             ,
             and
             taking
             up
             the
             head
             
             of
             Crassus
             ,
             and
             acting
             one
             inspired
             by
             Bacchus
             ,
             he
             ,
             in
             a
             rapturous
             and
             Enthusiastical
             manner
             ,
             pronounced
             these
             words
             .
          
           
             A.
             G.
             
               We'he
               hunted
               down
               a
               mighty
               stag
               to
               day
               .
               And
               from
               the
               Mountains
               bring
               a
               Noble
               prey
               .
            
             Cho.
             
               What
               happy
               hand
               the
               fatal
               Monster
               slew
               ?
            
             A.
             G.
             
               I
               claim
               that
               honour
               to
               my
               Courage
               due
               .
            
          
           
             And
             this
             humour
             took
             wonderfully
             ,
             but
             in
             the
             recital
             of
             those
             Verses
             ,
             who
             slew
             him
             ,
             &
             
               c.
               Pomaxaithres
            
             who
             happened
             to
             be
             at
             Supper
             ,
             started
             up
             and
             would
             have
             got
             the
             head
             into
             his
             own
             hands
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             my
             due
             ,
             says
             he
             ,
             and
             no
             Mans
             else
             .
             The
             King
             was
             hugely
             pleased
             at
             this
             scuffle
             ,
             and
             according
             to
             the
             Custom
             of
             the
             Parthians
             ,
             gave
             large
             rewards
             to
             them
             ,
             and
             to
             Jason
             the
             Actor
             he
             gave
             a
             Talent
             .
             Thus
             
               truly
               Tragical
            
             was
             the
             end
             of
             
             Crassus's
             Expedition
             ,
             but
             yet
             the
             divine
             Justice
             ,
             failed
             not
             to
             punish
             both
             Hyrodes
             for
             his
             Cruelty
             ,
             and
             
             Syrena's
             Perjury
             ;
             for
             Syrena
             not
             long
             after
             was
             put
             to
             death
             by
             Hyrodes
             ,
             out
             of
             meer
             envy
             to
             his
             Glory
             ;
             and
             Hyrodes
             himself
             having
             lost
             his
             Son
             Paccoras
             (
             who
             was
             slain
             in
             a
             fight
             with
             the
             Romans
             )
             falling
             into
             a
             Disease
             which
             turned
             to
             a
             Dropsie
             ,
             had
             Aconite
             given
             him
             by
             his
             second
             Son
             Phraates
             :
             the
             Poyson
             working
             only
             upon
             the
             Disease
             ,
             and
             carrying
             away
             the
             Dropsical
             matter
             with
             it
             ,
             the
             King
             began
             to
             recover
             on
             the
             sudden
             ,
             so
             that
             Phraates
             at
             length
             was
             forced
             to
             take
             the
             shortest
             course
             and
             stifled
             him
             with
             his
             Pillow
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Comparison
             of
             Crassus
             with
             Nicias
             .
          
           
             IN
             the
             Comparison
             of
             these
             two
             ,
             first
             if
             we
             compare
             the
             Estate
             of
             Nicias
             with
             that
             of
             Crassus
             ,
             we
             must
             acknowledge
             
             Nicias's
             to
             be
             more
             honestly
             got
             ;
             for
             otherwise
             indeed
             one
             cannot
             much
             approve
             of
             enriching
             ones
             self
             by
             labouring
             of
             Mines
             ,
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             which
             is
             done
             by
             Malefactors
             and
             Barbarians
             ,
             some
             of
             them
             too
             bound
             ,
             and
             others
             perishing
             in
             those
             close
             and
             unwholesome
             places
             ;
             but
             yet
             ,
             if
             we
             compare
             this
             with
             the
             Sequestrations
             of
             Sylla
             ,
             and
             
             Crassus's
             undertaking
             to
             build
             Houses
             ruined
             by
             Fire
             ,
             we
             shall
             then
             think
             Nicias
             came
             very
             honestly
             by
             his
             Money
             ;
             but
             Crassus
             publickly
             and
             professedly
             made
             use
             of
             those
             Arts
             ,
             as
             other
             Men
             do
             of
             Husbandry
             ,
             and
             putting
             out
             their
             Money
             to
             Interest
             ;
             but
             to
             deny
             that
             his
             Voice
             was
             venal
             in
             the
             Senate
             ,
             though
             it
             was
             proved
             upon
             him
             ;
             to
             do
             Injustice
             to
             his
             Allies
             ,
             and
             to
             court
             Widows
             to
             be
             made
             their
             Heir
             ,
             and
             for
             advantage
             to
             conceal
             Criminals
             ;
             these
             are
             things
             of
             which
             Nicias
             never
             fell
             under
             the
             least
             suspicion
             ;
             nay
             he
             was
             rather
             laugh'd
             at
             for
             giving
             Money
             to
             Sycophants
             ,
             meerly
             out
             of
             timorousness
             ;
             a
             Course
             indeed
             that
             would
             by
             no
             means
             become
             Pericles
             and
             Aristides
             ;
             but
             necessary
             for
             him
             ,
             who
             by
             nature
             was
             destitute
             of
             good
             Assurance
             :
             And
             this
             Lycurgus
             the
             Orator
             
             frankly
             acknowledged
             to
             the
             People
             ;
             for
             when
             he
             was
             accused
             for
             buying
             off
             an
             Evidence
             ,
             he
             said
             that
             he
             was
             very
             much
             pleased
             ,
             that
             having
             administred
             their
             Affairs
             for
             so
             long
             a
             time
             ,
             he
             was
             at
             last
             accused
             rather
             for
             giving
             than
             receiving
             .
             Again
             ,
             Nicias
             in
             his
             Expences
             was
             of
             a
             more
             Publick
             Spirit
             than
             Crassus
             ,
             priding
             himself
             much
             in
             the
             Dedication
             of
             Temples
             ,
             endowing
             of
             Schools
             ,
             and
             adorning
             Processions
             ;
             but
             the
             Expences
             of
             Crassus
             ,
             only
             in
             Feasting
             so
             many
             Myriads
             of
             People
             ,
             was
             much
             greater
             than
             the
             whole
             Estate
             of
             Nicias
             ,
             together
             with
             what
             he
             spend
             upon
             good
             accounts
             ;
             so
             that
             here
             we
             may
             see
             confirmed
             that
             old
             Observation
             ,
             
               That
               Vice
               is
               an
               unequal
               thing
               ,
               and
               unsupportable
               to
               it self
               :
            
             For
             what
             these
             two
             great
             Persons
             infamously
             got
             ,
             they
             expended
             very
             honourably
             .
             And
             let
             so
             much
             be
             said
             of
             their
             Estates
             .
             As
             for
             their
             Management
             of
             Publick
             Affairs
             ,
             I
             see
             not
             that
             any
             Craft
             ,
             or
             Injustice
             ,
             or
             Arbitrary
             Action
             can
             be
             objected
             to
             Nicias
             ;
             but
             Crassus
             is
             generally
             blamed
             for
             his
             changeableness
             in
             his
             Friendships
             and
             Enmities
             ,
             for
             his
             Unfaithfulness
             ,
             and
             his
             Ungentleman-like
             Proceedings
             ;
             for
             he
             himself
             could
             not
             deny
             ,
             that
             to
             compass
             the
             Consulship
             ,
             he
             hired
             men
             to
             lay
             violent
             Hands
             upon
             Domitius
             and
             Cato
             .
             Then
             at
             the
             Meeting
             for
             the
             disposing
             of
             the
             Proconsulships
             ,
             many
             were
             wounded
             ,
             and
             four
             
             outright
             killed
             .
             And
             this
             puts
             me
             in
             mind
             of
             a
             Passage
             ,
             which
             I
             had
             forget
             in
             the
             Relation
             of
             his
             Life
             ,
             That
             he
             struck
             with
             his
             Fist
             one
             
               Lucius
               Analius
            
             a
             Senator
             ,
             for
             contradicting
             of
             him
             ,
             and
             drove
             him
             out
             of
             the
             Court
             bleeding
             .
             As
             Crassus
             was
             to
             be
             blamed
             for
             his
             Tyrannical
             and
             Arbitrary
             Courses
             so
             is
             Nicias
             no
             less
             to
             be
             blamed
             for
             his
             timorousness
             and
             meanness
             of
             Spirit
             which
             made
             him
             submit
             himself
             to
             the
             meanest
             and
             most
             profligate
             sort
             of
             Villains
             ;
             but
             in
             this
             respect
             ,
             Crassus
             shewed
             himself
             more
             Noble-spirited
             and
             Magnanimous
             .
             who
             having
             to
             do
             ,
             not
             with
             such
             as
             Cleon
             or
             Hyperbolus
             ,
             but
             with
             the
             Magnificence
             of
             Caesar
             ,
             and
             the
             three
             Triumphs
             of
             Pompey
             ,
             would
             not
             stoop
             ,
             but
             bravely
             bore
             up
             against
             their
             Joint-interests
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             Office
             of
             Censor
             he
             surpassed
             the
             Dignity
             even
             of
             Pompey
             himself
             :
             For
             a
             Minister
             that
             truly
             loves
             his
             Country
             ,
             ought
             not
             to
             regard
             how
             invidious
             the
             thing
             is
             ,
             but
             how
             noble
             and
             useful
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             greatness
             of
             his
             Interest
             to
             overpower
             Envy
             ;
             but
             if
             he
             will
             be
             always
             aiming
             at
             security
             and
             quiet
             ,
             and
             yield
             to
             Alcibiades
             upon
             the
             Bench
             and
             to
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             at
             Pylus
             ,
             there
             are
             opportunities
             enough
             of
             retirement
             ,
             and
             he
             may
             sit
             out
             of
             the
             noise
             of
             Business
             ,
             and
             weave
             to
             himself
             Garlands
             of
             dull
             and
             quiet
             Inactivity
             .
             His
             desire
             of
             Peace
             indeed
             ,
             and
             to
             finish
             that
             tedious
             War
             ,
             was
             
             a
             Divine
             and
             truly
             Grecian
             Design
             ;
             nor
             does
             Crassus
             deserve
             to
             be
             compared
             to
             him
             on
             this
             account
             ,
             although
             he
             had
             enlarged
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             from
             the
             Caspian
             Sea
             to
             the
             Indian
             Ocean
             .
             However
             in
             a
             State
             where
             there
             is
             some
             sense
             of
             Vertue
             left
             ,
             a
             powerful
             Man
             ought
             not
             to
             give
             way
             to
             the
             ill-affected
             ,
             or
             expose
             the
             Government
             to
             those
             that
             are
             uncapable
             of
             it
             ,
             nor
             suffer
             high
             Trusts
             to
             be
             committed
             to
             those
             who
             want
             common
             Honesty
             .
             This
             did
             Nicias
             ,
             who
             by
             his
             Connivence
             raised
             Cleon
             ,
             a
             Fellow
             remarkable
             for
             nothing
             but
             his
             loud
             Voice
             and
             brazen
             Face
             ,
             to
             the
             command
             of
             an
             Army
             .
             Indeed
             I
             do
             not
             commend
             Crassus
             ,
             who
             in
             the
             War
             with
             Spartacus
             was
             more
             forward
             to
             fight
             than
             became
             a
             discreet
             General
             ,
             though
             he
             was
             put
             upon
             it
             by
             a
             point
             of
             Honour
             ,
             lest
             that
             Pompey
             by
             his
             coming
             should
             rob
             him
             of
             the
             Glory
             of
             the
             Action
             ,
             as
             Mammius
             did
             Metellus
             at
             the
             taking
             of
             Corinth
             ;
             but
             
             Nicias's
             Proceedings
             are
             inexcusable
             ;
             for
             he
             did
             not
             yield
             up
             an
             Opportunity
             of
             getting
             Honour
             and
             Advantage
             to
             his
             Competitor
             ,
             but
             thinking
             that
             the
             Expedition
             would
             be
             very
             hazardous
             ,
             resolved
             to
             take
             care
             of
             one
             ;
             and
             left
             the
             Common
             wealth
             to
             shift
             for
             it self
             ;
             and
             when
             as
             Themistocles
             ,
             lest
             that
             a
             mean
             and
             pitiful
             Fellow
             should
             ruine
             the
             State
             by
             his
             Conduct
             in
             the
             Persian
             War
             ,
             bought
             him
             off
             from
             his
             Command
             ,
             and
             Cato
             in
             a
             most
             
             perplex'd
             and
             critical
             Conjuncture
             ,
             stood
             for
             the
             Tribuneship
             ,
             for
             the
             sake
             of
             his
             Country
             ,
             Nicias
             that
             reserved
             himself
             for
             trifling
             Expeditions
             ,
             such
             as
             for
             
               Minoas
               ,
               Cythera
            
             ,
             and
             the
             miserable
             Meleans
             ,
             if
             there
             be
             occasion
             to
             come
             to
             blows
             with
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             ,
             sneaks
             out
             of
             his
             Generalship
             ,
             and
             betrays
             to
             the
             Unskillfulness
             and
             Rashness
             of
             Cleon
             ,
             the
             Fleet
             ,
             the
             Sea-men
             ,
             and
             his
             whole
             Country
             together
             ,
             with
             an
             Army
             that
             needed
             and
             deserved
             a
             most
             skilful
             Commander
             .
             I
             say
             ,
             such
             a
             man
             is
             not
             to
             be
             thought
             so
             much
             careless
             of
             his
             own
             Fame
             ,
             as
             of
             the
             Interest
             and
             Preservation
             of
             his
             Country
             .
             By
             this
             means
             it
             came
             to
             pass
             he
             was
             in
             a
             sort
             prest
             for
             the
             Sicilian
             War
             ,
             men
             generally
             believing
             that
             he
             was
             backward
             in
             it
             ,
             not
             so
             much
             for
             the
             Difficulty
             of
             the
             Enterprize
             ,
             as
             out
             of
             his
             immoderate
             Love
             of
             his
             Privacy
             and
             Ease
             :
             But
             yet
             this
             is
             a
             great
             sign
             of
             his
             Integrity
             ,
             that
             though
             he
             was
             always
             averse
             from
             War
             ,
             and
             unwilling
             to
             command
             ,
             yet
             they
             always
             pitched
             upon
             him
             as
             the
             best
             experienced
             and
             ablest
             General
             they
             had
             :
             On
             the
             other
             side
             ,
             Crassus
             could
             never
             have
             attained
             to
             it
             ,
             unless
             by
             meer
             Necessity
             in
             the
             Servile
             War
             ,
             Pompey
             and
             Metellus
             and
             the
             two
             
             Lucullus's
             being
             absent
             ,
             although
             at
             that
             time
             he
             was
             at
             his
             highest
             pitch
             of
             Interest
             and
             Reputation
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           
           
             THE
             LIFE
             OF
             EUMENES
             .
          
           
             Translated
             from
             the
             Greek
             .
             VOLUME
             III.
             
          
           
             DVris
             reports
             that
             Eumenes
             the
             Cardian
             was
             the
             Son
             of
             a
             poor
             Wagoner
             ,
             in
             the
             
               Thracian
               Chersonesus
            
             ,
             yet
             liberally
             educated
             ,
             both
             as
             a
             Scholar
             and
             a
             Soldier
             ;
             and
             that
             while
             he
             was
             but
             young
             ,
             Philip
             passing
             through
             Cardia
             diverted
             himself
             with
             a
             sight
             of
             the
             Training
             ,
             and
             other
             Exercises
             of
             the
             Youth
             of
             that
             place
             ,
             among
             whom
             Eumenes
             performing
             with
             the
             greatest
             address
             and
             activity
             ;
             Philip
             was
             so
             pleasured
          
           
             
               EUMENES
               .
            
          
           
           
           
             with
             him
             ,
             as
             to
             take
             him
             into
             his
             Service
             .
             But
             they
             seem
             to
             speak
             more
             probably
             ,
             who
             tell
             us
             ,
             That
             Philip
             advanc'd
             Eumenes
             for
             the
             Friendship
             he
             bore
             to
             his
             Father
             ,
             whose
             Guest
             he
             had
             sometime
             been
             .
             After
             the
             Death
             of
             Philip
             ,
             he
             continued
             in
             the
             Service
             of
             Alexander
             ,
             with
             the
             Title
             of
             his
             Principal
             Secretary
             ,
             but
             in
             as
             great
             favour
             as
             the
             most
             intimate
             of
             his
             Familiars
             ,
             being
             esteemed
             as
             wise
             ,
             and
             faithful
             as
             any
             Person
             about
             Court
             :
             So
             that
             he
             went
             General
             in
             the
             Expedition
             against
             India
             ,
             and
             succeeded
             in
             the
             command
             of
             Perdiccas
             ,
             when
             Perdiccas
             advanced
             to
             that
             of
             Hephaestion
             then
             newly
             deceased
             .
             Wherefore
             after
             the
             Death
             of
             Alexander
             ,
             when
             Neoptolemus
             who
             had
             been
             Captain
             of
             his
             Life-guard
             ,
             said
             ,
             That
             himself
             had
             followed
             Alexander
             with
             Shield
             and
             Spear
             ,
             but
             Eumenes
             only
             with
             Pen
             and
             Paper
             ,
             the
             Macedonians
             laught
             at
             him
             ,
             as
             knowing
             very
             well
             that
             besides
             other
             particular
             marks
             of
             Favour
             ,
             the
             King
             had
             done
             him
             the
             Honour
             to
             make
             him
             a
             kind
             of
             Kinsman
             to
             himself
             by
             Marriage
             .
             For
             
             Alexander's
             first
             Mistress
             in
             Asia
             ,
             by
             whom
             he
             had
             his
             Son
             Hercules
             ,
             was
             Barsine
             the
             Daughter
             of
             Artabazus
             :
             Now
             ,
             in
             the
             famous
             distribution
             of
             the
             Persian
             Ladies
             amongst
             his
             Captains
             ,
             Alexander
             gave
             her
             Sister
             Apame
             to
             Ptolomy
             ,
             but
             Barsine
             to
             Eumenes
             .
             Notwithstanding
             he
             frequently
             incurred
             
             Alexander's
             displeasure
             ,
             particularly
             once
             upon
             the
             Score
             of
             
             Hephaestion
             :
             For
             the
             Quarrels
             that
             had
             been
             taken
             up
             for
             
               Eumenes
               ,
               Hephaestion
            
             assigned
             to
             Euijus
             a
             Musician
             .
             Whereat
             Eumenes
             in
             a
             rage
             ,
             and
             Mentor
             came
             to
             Alexander
             ,
             and
             aloud
             upbraided
             him
             ,
             and
             told
             him
             ,
             That
             the
             way
             to
             be
             regarded
             was
             to
             throw
             away
             their
             Arms
             ,
             and
             turn
             Fidlers
             ,
             or
             Tragedians
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             Alexander
             took
             their
             part
             and
             ▪
             chid
             Hephaestion
             .
             But
             soon
             after
             changed
             his
             mind
             ,
             and
             was
             angry
             with
             Eumenes
             ,
             and
             accounted
             the
             freedom
             he
             had
             taken
             ,
             to
             be
             rather
             intended
             as
             an
             Affront
             to
             the
             King
             ,
             than
             a
             Reflection
             upon
             Hephaestion
             .
             Afterwards
             when
             Nearchus
             with
             a
             Fleet
             was
             to
             be
             sent
             into
             the
             Gulph
             of
             
               Persia
               ,
               Alexander
            
             borrowed
             money
             of
             his
             Friends
             (
             his
             own
             Treasury
             being
             exhausted
             )
             and
             would
             have
             had
             300
             Talents
             of
             Eumenes
             ;
             but
             he
             sent
             a
             hundred
             only
             ,
             pretending
             that
             't
             was
             not
             without
             great
             difficulty
             he
             had
             raised
             so
             much
             .
             Alexander
             neither
             complained
             ,
             nor
             took
             the
             money
             ;
             but
             gave
             private
             order
             to
             set
             Eumenes
             his
             Tent
             on
             fire
             ,
             designing
             to
             take
             him
             in
             a
             manifest
             Lye
             ,
             when
             his
             money
             was
             carried
             out
             ;
             but
             before
             that
             could
             be
             done
             ,
             the
             Tent
             was
             consumed
             ,
             and
             Alexander
             repented
             of
             his
             Orders
             ,
             all
             his
             Papers
             being
             burnt
             .
             Now
             the
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             which
             was
             melted
             down
             in
             the
             fire
             ,
             being
             afterwards
             digged
             up
             ,
             was
             found
             to
             be
             more
             than
             a
             Thousand
             Talents
             ,
             yet
             Alexander
             took
             none
             of
             it
             ,
             and
             only
             
             writ
             to
             the
             several
             Princes
             to
             send
             new
             Copies
             of
             the
             Papers
             that
             were
             burnt
             ,
             and
             ordered
             them
             to
             be
             delivered
             to
             Eumenes
             .
          
           
             Another
             difference
             happen'd
             between
             him
             and
             Hephaestion
             concerning
             a
             Gift
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             ill
             Language
             passed
             between
             them
             ,
             yet
             Eumenes
             still
             continued
             in
             favour
             .
             But
             Hephaestion
             dying
             soon
             after
             ,
             the
             King
             took
             it
             very
             much
             to
             heart
             ,
             and
             presuming
             ,
             all
             those
             that
             differed
             with
             Hephaestion
             in
             his
             life-time
             ,
             did
             now
             rejoyce
             at
             his
             death
             ,
             used
             great
             strangeness
             ,
             and
             severity
             towards
             them
             ,
             especially
             towards
             Eumenes
             ,
             whom
             he
             often
             twitted
             with
             his
             Quarrels
             ,
             and
             ill-Language
             to
             Hephaestion
             .
             But
             he
             being
             a
             wise
             and
             dextrous
             Courtier
             ,
             made
             advantage
             of
             what
             had
             done
             him
             prejudice
             ,
             and
             struck
             in
             with
             the
             King's
             humour
             of
             honouring
             his
             Friends
             memory
             ,
             suggesting
             divers
             inventions
             to
             do
             him
             honour
             ,
             and
             contributing
             very
             largely
             and
             readily
             towards
             erecting
             him
             a
             stately
             Monument
             .
             After
             
             Alexander's
             Death
             ,
             a
             dispute
             hap'ning
             between
             his
             own
             Phalanx
             ,
             and
             his
             more
             intimate
             Friends
             ;
             Eumenes
             ,
             though
             in
             his
             Judgment
             he
             inclined
             to
             the
             latter
             ,
             yet
             in
             his
             Words
             and
             Action
             stood
             neuter
             ,
             as
             if
             he
             thought
             it
             unbecoming
             him
             who
             was
             a
             stranger
             ,
             to
             interpose
             in
             the
             private
             Quarrels
             of
             the
             Macedonians
             .
             And
             when
             the
             rest
             of
             
             Alexander's
             
             Friends
             left
             Babylon
             ,
             he
             stayed
             behind
             ,
             and
             ,
             in
             great
             measure
             pacified
             the
             Foot
             ,
             and
             disposed
             them
             towards
             an
             accommodation
             .
             When
             the
             Officers
             had
             agreed
             among
             themselves
             ,
             and
             quelled
             the
             Mutiny
             of
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             they
             shared
             the
             several
             Commands
             and
             Signiories
             ,
             and
             made
             Eumenes
             Governour
             of
             Cappadocia
             and
             Paphlagonia
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             Coast
             upon
             the
             Pontic
             Sea
             ,
             as
             far
             as
             Trapezond
             ,
             which
             at
             that
             time
             was
             not
             subject
             to
             the
             Macedonians
             (
             for
             Ariarathes
             kept
             it
             as
             King
             )
             but
             Leonnatus
             and
             Antigonas
             ,
             with
             a
             great
             Army
             ,
             were
             to
             put
             him
             in
             possession
             of
             it
             .
             Antigonus
             (
             being
             now
             grown
             haughty
             ,
             and
             despising
             all
             Men
             )
             took
             no
             notice
             of
             
             Perdiccas's
             Letters
             ;
             Leonnatus
             with
             his
             Army
             came
             down
             into
             Phrygia
             to
             the
             Service
             of
             Eumenes
             ;
             but
             being
             visited
             by
             Hecataeus
             ,
             the
             Tyrant
             of
             the
             Cardians
             ,
             and
             requested
             rather
             to
             relieve
             Antipater
             and
             the
             Macedonians
             that
             were
             besieged
             in
             Lamia
             ;
             he
             resolved
             upon
             that
             Expedition
             ,
             inviting
             Eumenes
             to
             a
             share
             in
             it
             ,
             and
             endeavouring
             to
             reconcile
             him
             to
             Hecataeus
             .
             For
             there
             was
             an
             hereditary
             feud
             between
             them
             upon
             some
             Politick
             Account
             ,
             and
             Eumenes
             had
             often
             declared
             openly
             ,
             that
             Hecataeus
             was
             a
             Tyrant
             ,
             and
             had
             exhorted
             Alexander
             to
             restore
             the
             Cardians
             their
             Liberty
             .
             Wherefore
             at
             this
             time
             also
             he
             declined
             the
             Expedition
             proposed
             ,
             pretending
             that
             he
             feared
             
             least
             Antipater
             ,
             who
             already
             hated
             him
             ,
             should
             ,
             for
             that
             reason
             ,
             and
             to
             gratifie
             Hecataeus
             ,
             kill
             him
             .
             Leonnatus
             so
             far
             believed
             ,
             as
             to
             impart
             to
             Eumenes
             his
             whole
             Design
             ,
             which
             ,
             as
             he
             pretended
             ,
             and
             gave
             out
             ,
             was
             to
             aid
             Antipater
             ,
             but
             ,
             in
             truth
             ,
             was
             to
             seize
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Macedon
             ;
             and
             he
             shewed
             him
             Letters
             from
             Cleopatra
             ,
             wherein
             she
             seemed
             to
             invite
             him
             to
             Pella
             ,
             with
             a
             design
             to
             Marry
             him
             .
             But
             Eumenes
             ,
             whether
             fearing
             Antipater
             ,
             or
             looking
             upon
             Leonnatus
             as
             a
             fond
             ,
             rash
             ,
             unconstant
             ,
             and
             therefore
             lost
             Man
             ,
             stole
             away
             from
             him
             by
             Night
             ,
             taking
             with
             him
             all
             his
             Men
             (
             which
             were
             Three
             hundred
             Horse
             ,
             and
             Two
             hundred
             of
             his
             own
             Servants
             armed
             ,
             )
             and
             all
             his
             Gold
             ,
             which
             was
             to
             the
             value
             of
             Five
             thousand
             Talents
             of
             Silver
             ,
             and
             fled
             to
             Perdiccas
             ,
             discovered
             to
             him
             
             Leonnatus's
             Design
             ,
             and
             thereby
             gained
             great
             interest
             in
             him
             ,
             and
             was
             made
             of
             his
             Council
             .
             Soon
             after
             Perdiccas
             ,
             with
             a
             great
             Army
             ,
             which
             he
             led
             himself
             ,
             conducted
             Eumenes
             into
             Cappadocia
             ,
             and
             having
             taken
             Ariarathes
             Prisoner
             ,
             and
             subdued
             the
             whole
             Countrey
             ,
             declared
             him
             Governour
             of
             it
             .
             Who
             disposed
             of
             the
             Chief
             Cities
             to
             his
             own
             Friends
             ,
             and
             made
             Captains
             of
             Garrisons
             ,
             Judges
             ,
             Receivers
             ,
             and
             other
             Officers
             of
             such
             as
             he
             thought
             fit
             himself
             ,
             Perdiccas
             not
             at
             all
             interposing
             .
             Notwithstanding
             Eumenes
             still
             waited
             
             on
             Perdiccas
             ,
             both
             out
             of
             respect
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             a
             desire
             not
             to
             be
             absent
             from
             Court.
             But
             Perdiccas
             (
             believing
             he
             was
             able
             enough
             alone
             to
             secure
             his
             March
             forwards
             ,
             but
             the
             Countrey
             he
             left
             behind
             him
             might
             stand
             in
             need
             of
             an
             active
             and
             faithful
             Governour
             )
             when
             he
             came
             into
             Cilicia
             dismiss'd
             Eumenes
             ,
             under
             colour
             of
             sending
             him
             to
             his
             Command
             ,
             but
             ,
             in
             truth
             ,
             to
             secure
             Armenia
             ,
             which
             was
             Frontier
             to
             it
             ,
             and
             unsettled
             through
             the
             Practices
             of
             Neoptolemus
             .
             Him
             ,
             though
             a
             proud
             and
             vain
             Man
             ,
             Eumenes
             endeavoured
             to
             gain
             by
             Civility
             ;
             but
             to
             balance
             the
             Macedonian
             Foot
             ,
             whom
             he
             found
             both
             insolent
             ,
             and
             very
             stout
             ,
             he
             contrived
             to
             raise
             an
             Army
             of
             Horse
             ,
             excusing
             from
             Tax
             and
             Contribution
             all
             those
             of
             the
             Countrey
             that
             were
             able
             to
             serve
             on
             Horseback
             ,
             and
             buying
             up
             great
             store
             of
             Horses
             ,
             which
             he
             gave
             among
             such
             of
             his
             own
             Men
             ,
             as
             he
             most
             confided
             in
             .
             Inflaming
             the
             Courage
             of
             his
             Souldiers
             ,
             by
             many
             Gifts
             and
             Honours
             ,
             and
             inuring
             their
             Bodies
             to
             service
             ,
             by
             often
             Marching
             and
             Exercising
             ;
             so
             that
             the
             Macedonians
             ,
             some
             of
             them
             ,
             were
             astonisht
             ,
             others
             overjoyed
             to
             see
             ,
             that
             in
             so
             short
             a
             time
             he
             had
             got
             together
             no
             less
             than
             6300
             able
             Horse
             .
          
           
           
             Now
             when
             Craterus
             and
             Antipater
             ,
             having
             subdued
             Greece
             ,
             were
             advanced
             into
             Asia
             ,
             with
             intention
             to
             quell
             the
             power
             of
             Perdiccas
             ,
             and
             were
             reported
             to
             design
             an
             impression
             upon
             
               Cappadocia
               ;
               Perdiccas
            
             being
             himself
             to
             march
             against
             Ptolomy
             ,
             made
             Eumenes
             Commander
             in
             chief
             of
             all
             the
             Forces
             of
             Armenia
             and
             Cappadocia
             ,
             and
             to
             that
             purpose
             wrote
             Letters
             ,
             requiring
             Alcetas
             and
             Neoptolemus
             to
             be
             obedient
             to
             Eumenes
             ,
             and
             giving
             full
             Commission
             to
             Eumenes
             ,
             to
             dispose
             and
             order
             all
             things
             as
             he
             thought
             fit
             .
             Alcetas
             flatly
             refused
             to
             serve
             ,
             because
             his
             Macedonians
             (
             he
             said
             )
             were
             ashamed
             to
             fight
             against
             Antipater
             ,
             and
             loved
             Craterus
             so
             well
             ,
             they
             were
             ready
             to
             receive
             him
             for
             their
             Commander
             .
             Neoptolemus
             designed
             Treachery
             against
             Eumenes
             ,
             but
             was
             discovered
             ;
             but
             being
             summoned
             ,
             refused
             to
             obey
             ,
             and
             put
             himself
             in
             a
             posture
             of
             defence
             .
             Here
             Eumenes
             first
             found
             the
             benefit
             of
             his
             own
             foresight
             and
             contrivance
             ;
             for
             his
             Foot
             being
             beaten
             ,
             he
             routed
             Neoptolemus
             with
             his
             Horse
             ,
             and
             took
             all
             his
             Carriage
             ;
             and
             pursuing
             close
             upon
             the
             Phalanx
             which
             he
             had
             broken
             ,
             and
             disordered
             ,
             obliged
             the
             Men
             to
             lay
             down
             their
             Arms
             ,
             and
             take
             an
             Oath
             to
             serve
             under
             him
             .
             Neoptolemus
             with
             some
             
             few
             straglers
             which
             he
             rallied
             ,
             fled
             to
             Craterus
             and
             Antipater
             .
             From
             them
             came
             an
             Embassy
             to
             Eumenes
             ,
             inviting
             him
             over
             to
             their
             side
             ,
             whereby
             he
             should
             have
             the
             advantage
             of
             being
             secured
             in
             the
             Government
             he
             was
             possest
             of
             ,
             and
             being
             put
             into
             further
             Command
             by
             them
             of
             obliging
             his
             Enemy
             Antipater
             to
             become
             his
             Friend
             ,
             and
             keeping
             Craterus
             his
             Friend
             from
             turning
             to
             be
             his
             Enemy
             .
             To
             which
             Eumenes
             replied
             ,
             That
             he
             could
             not
             so
             suddenly
             be
             reconciled
             to
             his
             old
             Enemy
             Antipater
             ,
             especially
             since
             he
             saw
             him
             use
             his
             Friends
             like
             Enemies
             ;
             but
             was
             ready
             to
             reconcile
             Craterus
             to
             Perdiccas
             ,
             upon
             any
             just
             and
             equitable
             terms
             ;
             but
             if
             his
             desires
             should
             prove
             unreasonable
             ,
             he
             was
             resolved
             to
             assist
             the
             injured
             to
             his
             last
             breath
             ,
             and
             would
             rather
             lose
             his
             Life
             than
             betray
             his
             word
             .
             Antipater
             receiving
             this
             Answer
             ,
             took
             time
             to
             consider
             upon
             the
             whole
             matter
             ;
             when
             Neoptolemus
             after
             his
             defeat
             arrived
             ,
             and
             acquainted
             them
             with
             the
             ill
             success
             of
             his
             management
             ,
             and
             requested
             both
             of
             them
             to
             assist
             him
             ;
             but
             especially
             Craterus
             ,
             because
             the
             Macedonians
             loved
             him
             so
             excessively
             ,
             that
             if
             they
             saw
             but
             his
             hat
             ,
             or
             heard
             his
             voice
             ,
             they
             would
             all
             Arm
             and
             follow
             him
             .
             And
             in
             truth
             Craterus
             had
             
             a
             mighty
             name
             among
             them
             ,
             and
             the
             Soldiers
             after
             
             Alexander's
             death
             were
             extremely
             fond
             of
             him
             ,
             remembring
             how
             he
             had
             often
             for
             their
             sakes
             incurred
             
             Alexander's
             displeasure
             ,
             restrained
             him
             from
             following
             the
             Persian
             Fashions
             ,
             to
             which
             he
             very
             much
             inclined
             ,
             and
             keeping
             up
             the
             Customs
             of
             his
             Country
             ,
             when
             through
             Pride
             and
             Delicacy
             they
             began
             to
             be
             disregarded
             .
             Craterus
             therefore
             sent
             Antipater
             into
             Cilicia
             ,
             and
             himself
             and
             Neoptolemus
             Marcht
             with
             a
             great
             Army
             against
             Eumenes
             ;
             expecting
             to
             come
             upon
             him
             unawares
             ,
             and
             to
             find
             his
             Army
             disordered
             with
             revelling
             after
             the
             late
             Victory
             .
             Now
             that
             Eumenes
             should
             suspect
             his
             coming
             ,
             and
             be
             prepared
             to
             receive
             him
             ,
             is
             an
             Argument
             of
             his
             Vigilance
             ,
             but
             no
             great
             one
             of
             his
             Sagacity
             :
             But
             that
             he
             should
             contrive
             both
             to
             conceal
             from
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             the
             ill
             Posture
             he
             was
             in
             ,
             and
             from
             his
             own
             Men
             ,
             whom
             they
             were
             to
             fight
             with
             ,
             so
             ,
             as
             to
             serve
             against
             Craterus
             himself
             ,
             not
             knowing
             he
             commanded
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             this
             indeed
             seems
             to
             shew
             the
             peculiar
             Address
             and
             Talent
             of
             a
             great
             General
             .
             He
             gave
             out
             therefore
             that
             Neoptolemus
             ,
             and
             Pigris
             ,
             with
             some
             Cappadocian
             and
             Paphlagonian
             Horse
             ,
             and
             designing
             to
             March
             by
             night
             ,
             he
             fell
             into
             
             a
             deep
             sleep
             ,
             and
             had
             an
             extraordinary
             Dream
             .
             For
             he
             thought
             he
             saw
             two
             Alexanders
             ready
             to
             engage
             ,
             each
             Commanding
             his
             several
             Phalanx
             ,
             the
             one
             assisted
             by
             Minerva
             ,
             the
             other
             by
             Ceres
             ;
             and
             that
             after
             a
             hot
             dispute
             ,
             he
             on
             whose
             side
             Minerva
             was
             ,
             was
             beaten
             ,
             and
             Ceres
             gathering
             the
             Corn
             ,
             wove
             it
             into
             a
             Crown
             for
             the
             Victor
             .
             This
             Vision
             Eumenes
             interpreted
             as
             boading
             Success
             to
             himself
             ,
             who
             was
             to
             fight
             for
             a
             fruitful
             Corn-Country
             ,
             the
             whole
             being
             sowed
             with
             Corn
             ,
             and
             the
             fields
             so
             thick
             with
             it
             ,
             that
             they
             made
             a
             beautiful
             shew
             of
             a
             long
             peace
             ;
             And
             he
             was
             farther
             confirmed
             in
             his
             opinion
             ,
             when
             he
             understood
             that
             the
             Enemy
             bore
             Minerva
             and
             Alexander
             in
             their
             Colours
             ;
             wherefore
             he
             also
             bore
             Ceres
             and
             Alexander
             ,
             and
             gave
             his
             Men
             orders
             to
             make
             Garlands
             for
             themselves
             ,
             and
             to
             dress
             their
             Arms
             with
             wreaths
             of
             Corn
             ;
             he
             found
             himself
             under
             many
             temptations
             to
             discover
             to
             his
             Captains
             and
             Officers
             whom
             they
             were
             to
             engage
             with
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             conceal
             a
             secret
             of
             such
             moment
             in
             his
             own
             breast
             alone
             ,
             yet
             he
             kept
             to
             his
             first
             resolutions
             ,
             and
             ventured
             to
             run
             the
             hazard
             of
             his
             own
             Judgment
             .
             (
             When
             he
             came
             to
             give
             Battel
             ,
             )
             he
             would
             not
             trust
             any
             Macedonian
             to
             engage
             Craterus
             ,
             but
             appointed
             
             two
             Troops
             of
             Foreign
             Horse
             ,
             commanded
             by
             Pharnabazus
             ,
             Son
             to
             Artabazus
             ,
             and
             Phaenix
             of
             Tenedos
             ,
             with
             Order
             to
             charge
             as
             soon
             as
             ever
             they
             saw
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             without
             giving
             them
             leisure
             to
             speak
             or
             retire
             ,
             or
             receiving
             any
             Herauldor
             Trumpet
             from
             them
             ;
             for
             he
             exceedingly
             feared
             the
             Macedonians
             ,
             lest
             ,
             knowing
             Craterus
             ,
             they
             should
             go
             over
             to
             his
             side
             .
             He
             himself
             with
             300
             of
             his
             best
             Horseled
             the
             right
             Wing
             against
             Neoptolemus
             .
             When
             the
             Enemy
             having
             past
             a
             little
             Hill
             came
             in
             view
             ,
             and
             Eumenes
             his
             Men
             charged
             with
             more
             than
             ordinary
             briskness
             ,
             Craterus
             was
             amazed
             ,
             and
             bitterly
             reproached
             Neoptolemus
             for
             deceiving
             him
             ,
             with
             hopes
             of
             the
             Macedonians
             revolt
             ,
             but
             he
             encouraged
             his
             Men
             to
             do
             bravely
             ,
             &
             forthwith
             charged
             .
             The
             first
             Ingagement
             was
             very
             fierce
             ,
             and
             the
             Spears
             being
             soon
             broke
             to
             pieces
             ,
             they
             came
             to
             close
             fighting
             with
             their
             Swords
             ;
             and
             here
             Craterus
             did
             by
             no
             means
             dishonour
             Alexander
             ,
             but
             slew
             several
             of
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             and
             repulst
             divers
             that
             assaulted
             him
             ;
             but
             at
             last
             received
             a
             Wound
             in
             his
             side
             ,
             from
             a
             Thracian
             ,
             and
             fell
             off
             his
             Horse
             .
             Being
             down
             ,
             many
             not
             knowing
             him
             went
             over
             him
             ,
             but
             Gorgias
             one
             of
             Eumenes
             his
             Captains
             knew
             him
             ,
             &
             alighting
             from
             his
             Horse
             guarded
             his
             Body
             ,
             which
             was
             now
             in
             an
             ill
             condition
             ,
             and
             
             even
             in
             the
             very
             Agony
             of
             Death
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             Neoptolemus
             ,
             and
             Eumenes
             were
             engaged
             ,
             who
             being
             inveterate
             and
             mortal
             Enemies
             ,
             sought
             for
             one
             another
             ,
             but
             missed
             for
             the
             two
             first
             Courses
             ,
             but
             in
             the
             third
             ,
             discovering
             one
             another
             ,
             they
             drew
             their
             Swords
             ,
             and
             with
             loud
             Shouts
             they
             immediately
             charged
             ,
             their
             Horses
             striking
             against
             one
             another
             like
             two
             Galleys
             ,
             they
             quitted
             their
             reins
             ,
             and
             taking
             mutual
             hold
             they
             drew
             off
             one
             anothers
             Helmets
             ,
             and
             their
             Armour
             from
             their
             Shoulders
             ;
             while
             they
             were
             thus
             stripping
             one
             another
             ,
             each
             of
             their
             Horses
             went
             from
             under
             them
             ,
             and
             they
             fell
             together
             to
             the
             ground
             ,
             each
             of
             them
             keeping
             their
             hold
             and
             wrestling
             .
             Neoptolemus
             getting
             up
             first
             ,
             Eumenes
             wounded
             him
             in
             the
             hamm
             ,
             and
             withal
             got
             upon
             his
             feet
             before
             him
             ,
             Neoptolemus
             staying
             himself
             upon
             one
             knee
             ,
             the
             other
             Leg
             being
             grievously
             wounded
             ,
             and
             himself
             undermost
             ,
             fought
             courageously
             ,
             though
             his
             strokes
             were
             not
             mortal
             ,
             but
             receiving
             a
             blow
             in
             the
             neck
             he
             fell
             down
             and
             fainted
             .
             Eumenes
             transported
             with
             Rage
             ,
             and
             inveterate
             Hatred
             to
             him
             ,
             sell
             to
             reviling
             and
             stripping
             of
             him
             ,
             and
             perceived
             not
             that
             his
             Sword
             was
             still
             in
             his
             hand
             ,
             wherewith
             he
             wounded
             Eumenes
             in
             the
             
             Groin
             near
             the
             privy
             parts
             ,
             but
             in
             truth
             rather
             frighted
             than
             hurt
             him
             ;
             his
             blow
             being
             faint
             for
             want
             of
             strength
             .
             Having
             stript
             the
             dead
             Body
             ,
             ill
             as
             he
             was
             of
             the
             Wounds
             he
             had
             received
             in
             his
             Legs
             and
             Arms
             ,
             he
             took
             Horse
             again
             ,
             and
             made
             towards
             the
             left
             Wing
             of
             his
             Army
             ,
             which
             he
             supposed
             to
             be
             still
             engaged
             .
             Hearing
             of
             the
             Death
             of
             Craterus
             ,
             he
             rode
             up
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             finding
             there
             was
             yet
             some
             Life
             in
             him
             ,
             alighted
             from
             his
             Horse
             and
             wept
             ,
             and
             laying
             his
             right
             hand
             upon
             him
             ,
             inveighed
             bitterly
             against
             Neoptolemus
             ,
             and
             lamented
             both
             Craterus
             his
             Misfortune
             ,
             and
             his
             own
             hard
             fate
             ,
             that
             he
             should
             be
             necessitated
             to
             engage
             against
             an
             old
             Friend
             and
             Acquaintance
             ,
             and
             either
             do
             or
             suffer
             so
             much
             mischief
             .
          
           
             This
             Victory
             Eumenes
             obtained
             about
             ten
             days
             after
             the
             former
             ,
             and
             got
             a
             great
             reputation
             for
             atchieving
             it
             ,
             partly
             by
             his
             Conduct
             ,
             and
             partly
             by
             his
             Valour
             .
          
           
             But
             on
             the
             contrary
             it
             created
             him
             great
             Envy
             both
             among
             his
             own
             ,
             and
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             that
             he
             a
             Stranger
             ,
             and
             a
             Foreigner
             ,
             should
             employ
             the
             Forces
             ,
             and
             Arms
             of
             Macedon
             ,
             to
             cut
             off
             one
             of
             the
             bravest
             and
             most
             considerable
             Men
             among
             them
             .
             Had
             the
             news
             of
             this
             defeat
             come
             timely
             enough
             to
             Perdiccas
             ,
             he
             had
             doubtless
             been
             the
             
             greatest
             of
             all
             the
             Macedonians
             ;
             but
             now
             he
             being
             slain
             in
             a
             Mutiny
             in
             Aegypt
             ,
             two
             days
             before
             the
             News
             arrived
             ,
             the
             Macedonians
             in
             a
             rage
             decreed
             Eumenes
             his
             Death
             ,
             giving
             joint-Commission
             to
             Antigonus
             and
             Antipater
             to
             prosecute
             the
             War
             against
             him
             .
             Passing
             by
             Mount
             Ida
             ,
             where
             the
             King
             had
             a
             breed
             of
             Horses
             ,
             Eumenes
             took
             as
             many
             as
             he
             had
             occasion
             for
             ,
             and
             sent
             an
             account
             of
             his
             doing
             so
             to
             the
             Masters
             of
             his
             Horse
             .
             Whereat
             Antipater
             is
             said
             to
             have
             laught
             ,
             and
             profest
             to
             admire
             the
             wariness
             of
             the
             Man
             ,
             who
             seemed
             to
             think
             that
             an
             account
             of
             the
             King's
             Affairs
             would
             either
             be
             expected
             from
             him
             ,
             or
             given
             to
             him
             .
             Eumenes
             had
             designed
             to
             engage
             in
             the
             Plains
             of
             Lydia
             near
             Sardis
             ,
             both
             because
             his
             chief
             strength
             lay
             in
             Horse
             ,
             and
             to
             let
             Cleopatra
             see
             how
             powerful
             he
             was
             :
             But
             at
             her
             particular
             request
             (
             for
             she
             was
             afraid
             to
             give
             any
             umbrage
             to
             Antipater
             )
             he
             marched
             into
             the
             upper
             Phrygia
             ,
             and
             Wintered
             in
             Celaene
             ,
             when
             
               Alcetas
               ,
               Polemon
            
             ,
             and
             Docimus
             disputing
             with
             him
             ,
             who
             should
             command
             in
             Chief
             :
             You
             know
             (
             said
             he
             )
             the
             old
             saying
             ,
             That
             destruction
             regards
             no
             Punctilio's
             .
             Having
             promised
             his
             Soldiers
             pay
             within
             three
             days
             ,
             he
             sold
             them
             all
             the
             Farms
             and
             Castles
             in
             the
             Country
             ,
             
             together
             with
             the
             Men
             and
             Beasts
             wherewith
             they
             abounded
             ;
             every
             Captain
             or
             Officer
             that
             bought
             ,
             did
             with
             
             Eumenes's
             consent
             ,
             employ
             his
             Machins
             to
             storm
             the
             place
             ,
             and
             divided
             the
             Spoil
             among
             his
             Company
             ,
             proportionably
             to
             every
             man's
             Arrears
             .
             Hereby
             Eumenes
             came
             again
             to
             be
             beloved
             ,
             so
             that
             when
             Letters
             were
             found
             thrown
             about
             the
             Camp
             by
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             promising
             one
             hundred
             Talents
             ,
             besides
             great
             Honours
             to
             any
             one
             that
             should
             kill
             Eumenes
             ,
             the
             Macedonians
             were
             extremely
             offended
             ,
             and
             made
             an
             Order
             that
             from
             that
             time
             forward
             one
             thousand
             of
             their
             best
             men
             should
             continually
             guard
             his
             Person
             ,
             and
             keep
             strict
             Watch
             about
             him
             by
             Night
             in
             their
             several
             turns
             .
             This
             Order
             was
             chearfully
             obeyed
             ,
             and
             they
             gladly
             received
             of
             Eumenes
             such
             Honours
             as
             Princes
             use
             to
             confer
             upon
             their
             Favourites
             :
             for
             he
             had
             power
             to
             bestow
             purple
             Hats
             and
             Cloaks
             ,
             which
             among
             the
             Macedonians
             is
             one
             of
             the
             greatest
             Honours
             the
             King
             can
             give
             .
             Now
             good
             Fortune
             puffs
             up
             narrow
             Souls
             ,
             to
             imagine
             themselves
             high
             and
             mighty
             ,
             and
             looking
             down
             upon
             the
             World
             ;
             but
             a
             truly
             noble
             and
             resolved
             Spirit
             ,
             in
             distress
             and
             misadventure
             raises
             it self
             ,
             and
             becomes
             more
             conspicuous
             ,
             and
             such
             was
             Eumenes
             .
             
             For
             having
             by
             the
             Treason
             of
             one
             of
             his
             own
             men
             ,
             lost
             the
             Field
             to
             Antigonus
             at
             Orcyni
             in
             Cappadocia
             ,
             in
             his
             flight
             he
             gave
             the
             Traitor
             no
             opportunity
             to
             escape
             to
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             but
             immediately
             seized
             and
             hanged
             him
             .
             Then
             in
             his
             flight
             taking
             a
             contrary
             course
             to
             his
             Pursuers
             ,
             he
             stole
             by
             them
             unawares
             ,
             returned
             to
             the
             place
             where
             the
             Battel
             had
             been
             fought
             ,
             and
             there
             encamped
             .
             There
             he
             gathered
             up
             the
             dead
             bodies
             ,
             and
             burnt
             them
             with
             the
             Doors
             and
             Windows
             of
             the
             neighbouring
             Villages
             ,
             and
             raised
             heaps
             of
             Earth
             upon
             their
             Graves
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             Antigonus
             ,
             who
             came
             thither
             soon
             after
             him
             ,
             was
             astonished
             at
             his
             great
             Courage
             ,
             and
             firm
             Resolution
             .
             Lighting
             afterwards
             upon
             Antigonus
             his
             Carriage
             ,
             he
             might
             easily
             have
             taken
             many
             Captives
             ,
             both
             bond
             and
             freemen
             ,
             and
             much
             Wealth
             collected
             from
             the
             Spoils
             of
             so
             many
             Wars
             ;
             but
             he
             feared
             lest
             his
             men
             overladen
             with
             so
             great
             Booty
             ,
             might
             become
             unfit
             for
             so
             many
             Marches
             ,
             and
             through
             softness
             unwilling
             to
             hold
             out
             so
             long
             time
             as
             he
             designed
             ;
             For
             upon
             those
             two
             things
             he
             laid
             the
             main
             stress
             of
             his
             Action
             ,
             expecting
             to
             tire
             Antigonus
             into
             some
             other
             course
             .
             But
             then
             considering
             it
             would
             be
             extremely
             difficult
             to
             restrain
             the
             Macedonians
             from
             
             plunder
             ,
             when
             it
             seemed
             to
             offer
             it self
             ,
             he
             gave
             them
             order
             to
             provide
             themselves
             ,
             and
             bait
             their
             Horses
             ,
             and
             then
             attack
             the
             Enemy
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             he
             sent
             privately
             to
             Menander
             ,
             who
             had
             care
             of
             all
             his
             Baggage
             ,
             pretending
             a
             Concern
             for
             him
             upon
             the
             score
             of
             old
             Friendship
             and
             Acquaintance
             ;
             and
             therefore
             advising
             him
             to
             quit
             the
             Plain
             ,
             and
             insconce
             himself
             upon
             the
             side
             of
             a
             neighbouring
             Hill
             ,
             where
             the
             Horse
             might
             not
             be
             able
             to
             hem
             him
             in
             .
             When
             Menander
             ,
             sensible
             of
             his
             danger
             ,
             had
             trussed
             up
             his
             Carriage
             ,
             and
             decamped
             ,
             Eumenes
             openly
             sent
             his
             Scouts
             to
             discover
             the
             Enemies
             posture
             ,
             and
             commanded
             his
             men
             to
             arm
             ,
             and
             bridle
             their
             Horses
             ,
             as
             designing
             immediately
             to
             give
             Battel
             ;
             but
             the
             Scouts
             returning
             with
             News
             that
             Menander
             had
             secured
             so
             difficult
             a
             Post
             ,
             it
             was
             impossible
             to
             take
             him
             ,
             Eumenes
             pretending
             to
             be
             aggrieved
             with
             the
             disappointment
             ,
             drew
             off
             his
             men
             another
             way
             .
             'T
             is
             said
             ,
             that
             when
             Menander
             reported
             this
             afterwards
             to
             Antigonus
             ,
             and
             the
             Macedonians
             commended
             Eumenes
             ,
             imputing
             it
             to
             his
             singular
             good
             nature
             ,
             that
             having
             it
             in
             his
             power
             to
             make
             Slaves
             of
             their
             Children
             ,
             and
             ravish
             their
             Wives
             ,
             he
             forbore
             ,
             and
             spared
             them
             all
             ,
             Antigonus
             should
             
             thus
             reply
             ,
             Alas
             ,
             good
             man
             ,
             he
             had
             no
             regard
             to
             us
             ,
             but
             to
             himself
             ,
             being
             loth
             to
             wear
             so
             many
             Shackles
             when
             he
             designed
             to
             fly
             .
             From
             that
             time
             Eumenes
             daily
             flying
             ,
             and
             wandring
             about
             ,
             perswaded
             divers
             of
             his
             men
             to
             disband
             ,
             whether
             out
             of
             kindness
             to
             them
             ,
             or
             unwillingness
             to
             lead
             about
             such
             a
             Body
             of
             Men
             ,
             as
             were
             too
             few
             to
             engage
             ,
             and
             too
             many
             to
             fly
             undiscovered
             .
             Being
             come
             to
             the
             Cittadel
             of
             Nora
             in
             the
             Confines
             of
             Lycaonia
             and
             Cappadocia
             ,
             with
             fifteen
             hundred
             horse
             ,
             and
             two
             hundred
             Foot
             well
             appointed
             ,
             he
             again
             dismist
             as
             many
             of
             his
             friends
             as
             desired
             it
             ,
             through
             fear
             either
             of
             the
             straitness
             of
             the
             place
             ,
             or
             want
             of
             Provisions
             ,
             and
             imbracing
             them
             with
             all
             demonstrations
             of
             kindness
             ,
             gave
             them
             license
             to
             depart
             .
             Antigonus
             when
             he
             came
             before
             this
             Fort
             ,
             desired
             to
             have
             an
             interview
             with
             Eumenes
             before
             the
             siege
             ;
             but
             he
             returned
             Answer
             ,
             That
             Antigonus
             had
             many
             Friends
             who
             might
             Command
             in
             his
             room
             ;
             but
             they
             whom
             Eumenes
             defended
             ,
             had
             no
             body
             to
             substitute
             if
             he
             should
             miscarry
             ;
             wherefore
             if
             Antigonus
             thought
             it
             worth
             while
             to
             treat
             with
             him
             ,
             he
             should
             first
             send
             him
             Hostages
             ,
             and
             when
             Antigonus
             required
             that
             ▪
             Eumenes
             should
             first
             come
             to
             him
             ,
             as
             being
             the
             greater
             man
             ;
             he
             
             replied
             ,
             while
             I
             am
             able
             to
             wield
             a
             Sword
             ,
             I
             shall
             think
             no
             man
             greater
             than
             my self
             .
             At
             last
             ,
             when
             according
             to
             Eumenes
             his
             demand
             ,
             Antigonus
             sent
             his
             own
             Nephew
             Ptolomy
             to
             the
             Fort
             ,
             Eumenes
             went
             out
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             they
             mutually
             imbraced
             with
             great
             civility
             and
             friendship
             ,
             as
             having
             formerly
             been
             very
             intimate
             .
             After
             long
             Conversation
             ,
             Eumenes
             making
             no
             mention
             of
             his
             own
             Pardon
             and
             Security
             ;
             but
             insisting
             that
             he
             would
             be
             confirmed
             in
             his
             several
             Governments
             ,
             and
             withall
             be
             honourably
             rewarded
             for
             his
             Service
             ,
             all
             that
             were
             present
             were
             astonished
             at
             his
             Courage
             and
             Gallantry
             ,
             and
             many
             others
             of
             the
             Macedonians
             flocked
             to
             see
             what
             manner
             of
             person
             Eumenes
             was
             ;
             for
             since
             the
             death
             of
             Craterus
             ,
             no
             man
             had
             been
             so
             much
             talked
             on
             in
             the
             Army
             .
             But
             Antigonus
             being
             afraid
             for
             him
             ,
             lest
             he
             might
             suffer
             some
             violence
             ,
             first
             commanded
             the
             Souldiers
             to
             keep
             off
             ,
             calling
             out
             ,
             and
             throwing
             stones
             at
             them
             that
             pressed
             forwards
             .
             At
             last
             embracing
             Eumenes
             in
             his
             arms
             ,
             and
             keeping
             off
             the
             crowd
             with
             his
             Guards
             ,
             not
             without
             great
             difficulty
             ▪
             he
             returned
             him
             safe
             into
             the
             Fort.
             Then
             Antigonus
             having
             built
             a
             Wall
             round
             Nora
             ,
             left
             a
             Force
             sufficient
             to
             carry
             on
             the
             siege
             ,
             and
             drew
             off
             the
             rest
             of
             his
             Army
             ;
             Eumenes
             
             was
             beleaguered
             ,
             and
             kept
             Garrison
             ,
             having
             plenty
             of
             Corn
             ,
             and
             Water
             ,
             and
             Salt
             ,
             but
             no
             other
             thing
             ,
             either
             for
             Food
             or
             Delicacy
             ;
             yet
             with
             such
             as
             he
             had
             ,
             he
             kept
             a
             chearful
             Table
             for
             his
             Friends
             ,
             inviting
             them
             severally
             in
             their
             turns
             ,
             and
             seasoning
             his
             Entertainment
             with
             a
             gentle
             ,
             and
             affable
             behaviour
             ;
             for
             he
             had
             a
             sweet
             countenance
             ,
             and
             looked
             not
             like
             a
             rough
             batter'd
             Souldier
             ,
             but
             was
             smooth
             and
             florid
             ,
             and
             his
             shape
             as
             delicate
             ,
             as
             if
             his
             limbs
             had
             been
             carv'd
             by
             Art
             in
             the
             most
             accurate
             proportions
             .
             In
             conversation
             he
             was
             not
             quick
             ,
             but
             courteous
             and
             obliging
             .
             The
             greatest
             distress
             of
             the
             besieged
             ,
             was
             the
             straitness
             of
             the
             place
             they
             were
             in
             ,
             their
             Quarters
             being
             very
             narrow
             ,
             and
             the
             whole
             place
             but
             two
             Furlongs
             in
             compass
             ;
             so
             that
             both
             they
             ,
             and
             their
             horses
             fed
             without
             exercise
             ;
             wherefore
             not
             only
             to
             prevent
             the
             restiness
             that
             both
             might
             contract
             by
             that
             large
             living
             ,
             but
             to
             have
             them
             in
             condition
             to
             fly
             ,
             if
             occasion
             required
             ,
             he
             assigned
             a
             Room
             fourteen
             Cubits
             long
             (
             the
             largest
             in
             all
             the
             Fort
             )
             for
             the
             men
             to
             walk
             in
             ,
             directing
             them
             to
             begin
             their
             walk
             gently
             ,
             and
             so
             gradually
             mend
             their
             pace
             .
             And
             for
             the
             Horses
             ,
             he
             tied
             them
             to
             the
             Roof
             with
             great
             Halters
             ,
             which
             being
             fastened
             about
             their
             Necks
             
             with
             a
             Pully
             ,
             he
             gently
             raised
             them
             ,
             till
             standing
             upon
             the
             ground
             with
             their
             hinder
             feet
             ,
             they
             just
             touched
             it
             with
             the
             very
             ends
             of
             their
             fore-feet
             .
             In
             this
             posture
             the
             Grooms
             plied
             them
             with
             Whips
             and
             Noise
             ,
             provoking
             them
             to
             curvet
             and
             caper
             ,
             endeavouring
             to
             stand
             upon
             their
             fore-feet
             ;
             and
             thus
             their
             whole
             Body
             was
             exercised
             ,
             till
             they
             were
             all
             in
             a
             foam
             ,
             and
             groaned
             again
             ;
             an
             excellent
             sort
             of
             exercise
             this
             ,
             whether
             for
             strength
             or
             speed
             ;
             and
             then
             he
             gave
             them
             their
             Corn
             boiled
             ,
             that
             they
             might
             sooner
             dispatch
             ,
             and
             better
             digest
             it
             .
          
           
             The
             Siege
             continuing
             long
             ,
             Antigonus
             receiv'd
             advice
             that
             Antipater
             was
             dead
             in
             Macedon
             ,
             and
             that
             Affairs
             were
             embroyl'd
             by
             the
             differences
             of
             Cassander
             and
             Polyperchon
             ,
             whereupon
             he
             conceiv'd
             no
             mean
             hopes
             ,
             purposing
             to
             make
             himself
             Master
             of
             all
             ,
             and
             in
             order
             to
             his
             design
             ,
             to
             bring
             over
             Eumenes
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             have
             his
             advice
             and
             assistance
             .
             Wherefore
             he
             sent
             Hieronymus
             to
             treat
             with
             him
             ,
             proposing
             a
             certain
             Oath
             ,
             which
             Eumenes
             first
             corrected
             ,
             and
             then
             referred
             himself
             to
             the
             Macedonians
             themselves
             that
             besieg'd
             him
             ,
             to
             be
             judged
             by
             them
             ,
             which
             of
             the
             two
             Forms
             were
             the
             most
             equitable
             .
             Antigonus
             in
             the
             beginning
             of
             his
             had
             slightly
             
             mentioned
             the
             Kings
             ,
             but
             all
             the
             sequel
             referred
             to
             himself
             alone
             :
             But
             Eumenes
             would
             have
             the
             Form
             of
             it
             to
             Olympias
             and
             the
             Kings
             ,
             and
             would
             swear
             not
             to
             be
             true
             to
             Antigonus
             only
             ,
             but
             to
             them
             ,
             and
             to
             have
             the
             same
             Friends
             and
             Enemies
             not
             with
             Antigonus
             ,
             but
             with
             Olympias
             and
             the
             Kings
             .
             This
             Form
             the
             Macedonians
             thinking
             the
             more
             reasonable
             ,
             swore
             Eumenes
             according
             to
             it
             ,
             and
             raised
             the
             Siege
             ,
             sending
             also
             to
             Antigonus
             ,
             that
             he
             should
             swear
             in
             the
             same
             Form
             to
             Eumenes
             .
             Now
             all
             the
             Hostages
             of
             the
             Cappadocians
             which
             Eumenes
             had
             in
             Nora
             he
             returned
             ,
             and
             from
             those
             they
             were
             returned
             to
             ,
             took
             War-horses
             ,
             Beasts
             of
             Carriage
             ,
             and
             Tents
             in
             exchange
             ,
             and
             rallying
             those
             men
             which
             from
             the
             time
             of
             his
             flight
             were
             scattered
             ,
             and
             wandering
             about
             the
             Country
             ,
             got
             together
             a
             Body
             of
             near
             a
             thousand
             Horse
             ,
             and
             with
             them
             fled
             from
             Antigonus
             ,
             whom
             he
             justly
             feared
             ;
             for
             he
             had
             not
             only
             ordered
             him
             to
             be
             first
             blocked
             up
             ,
             but
             had
             sent
             a
             very
             sharp
             Answer
             to
             the
             Macedonians
             ,
             for
             admitting
             Eumenes
             his
             Amendments
             of
             the
             Oath
             .
             While
             Eumenes
             was
             flying
             he
             received
             Letters
             from
             them
             in
             Macedonia
             ,
             who
             were
             jealous
             of
             Antigonus
             his
             greatness
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             from
             Olympias
             ,
             inviting
             
             him
             thither
             ,
             to
             take
             the
             Charge
             and
             Government
             of
             
             Alexander's
             little
             Son
             ,
             against
             whom
             there
             was
             divers
             Plots
             .
             Other
             Letters
             he
             had
             from
             Polyperchon
             and
             Philip
             ,
             the
             King
             ,
             requiring
             him
             to
             make
             War
             upon
             Antigonus
             ,
             making
             him
             General
             of
             all
             the
             Forces
             in
             Cappadocia
             ,
             and
             impowring
             him
             out
             of
             the
             Revenue
             of
             Cyndos
             ,
             to
             take
             fifty
             Talents
             to
             reimburse
             himself
             ,
             and
             levy
             as
             much
             more
             as
             he
             thought
             necessary
             to
             carry
             on
             the
             War
             :
             they
             write
             also
             to
             the
             same
             effect
             to
             Antigenes
             ,
             and
             Teutamus
             ,
             the
             Chief
             Officers
             of
             the
             Argyraspides
             ,
             who
             ,
             receiving
             these
             Letters
             ,
             treat
             Eumenes
             with
             a
             shew
             of
             respect
             ,
             and
             kindness
             ,
             but
             it
             was
             apparent
             enough
             they
             were
             full
             of
             Envy
             and
             Emulation
             ,
             disdaining
             to
             give
             place
             to
             him
             .
             Now
             their
             Envy
             ,
             Eumenes
             very
             fairly
             declined
             ,
             by
             refusing
             to
             accept
             the
             Money
             ,
             as
             if
             he
             had
             not
             needed
             it
             ;
             and
             their
             Ambition
             ,
             and
             Emulation
             ,
             who
             were
             neither
             able
             to
             govern
             ,
             nor
             willing
             to
             obey
             ,
             he
             conquered
             by
             turning
             it
             into
             Superstition
             .
             For
             he
             pretended
             that
             Alexander
             had
             appeared
             to
             him
             in
             a
             Dream
             ,
             and
             shewed
             him
             a
             Regal
             Pavilion
             richly
             furnished
             ,
             with
             a
             Throne
             in
             it
             ;
             and
             told
             him
             if
             they
             would
             sit
             in
             Council
             there
             ,
             he
             himself
             ,
             would
             be
             present
             ,
             and
             prosper
             all
             the
             Consultations
             ,
             and
             Atchievements
             ,
             upon
             
             which
             they
             should
             enter
             in
             his
             name
             .
             Antigenes
             and
             Teutamus
             were
             easily
             prevailed
             upon
             to
             believe
             this
             ,
             being
             unwilling
             to
             come
             and
             consult
             Eumenes
             ,
             as
             much
             as
             he
             disdained
             to
             wait
             at
             another
             Man's
             Threshold
             .
             Wherefore
             they
             erected
             a
             Tent-Royal
             ,
             and
             a
             Throne
             ,
             and
             called
             it
             Alexander's
             ,
             and
             there
             they
             met
             to
             consult
             upon
             all
             Affairs
             of
             moment
             .
             Afterwards
             they
             advanced
             into
             the
             upper
             Country
             ,
             and
             in
             their
             March
             met
             with
             Peucestus
             friend
             to
             Eumenes
             ,
             and
             with
             other
             of
             the
             Lords
             ,
             who
             joined
             Forces
             with
             them
             ,
             and
             greatly
             encouraged
             the
             Macedonians
             with
             the
             number
             and
             appearance
             of
             their
             Men.
             But
             they
             themselves
             having
             since
             Alexander's
             Decease
             ,
             been
             from
             under
             Government
             ,
             and
             lived
             with
             great
             delicacy
             ,
             and
             so
             becoming
             soft
             and
             effeminate
             ,
             and
             imagining
             themselves
             great
             Princes
             ,
             which
             fond
             conceit
             of
             theirs
             ,
             was
             daily
             pampered
             by
             the
             flattery
             of
             the
             Barbarians
             ;
             all
             these
             things
             concurring
             ,
             made
             them
             rude
             to
             one
             another
             ,
             and
             unconversable
             ,
             and
             all
             of
             them
             unmeasurably
             flatter
             the
             Macedonians
             ,
             inviting
             them
             to
             Revels
             ,
             and
             Sacrifices
             ,
             till
             in
             a
             short
             time
             they
             brought
             the
             Camp
             to
             be
             a
             dissolute
             Place
             of
             Entertainment
             ,
             by
             every
             Captains
             endeavouring
             to
             make
             a
             Party
             among
             the
             Commons
             ,
             as
             in
             all
             
             Democracies
             is
             usual
             .
             Eumenes
             perceiving
             they
             despised
             one
             another
             ,
             and
             all
             of
             them
             feared
             him
             ,
             and
             sought
             an
             opportunity
             to
             kill
             him
             ,
             pretended
             to
             be
             in
             want
             of
             Money
             ,
             and
             took
             up
             many
             Talents
             ,
             of
             those
             especially
             ,
             who
             most
             hated
             him
             ,
             to
             make
             them
             both
             confide
             in
             him
             ,
             and
             forbear
             all
             Violence
             to
             him
             for
             fear
             of
             losing
             their
             own
             Money
             .
             Thus
             his
             Enemies
             Estates
             ,
             were
             the
             guard
             of
             his
             Person
             ,
             and
             by
             receiving
             Money
             ,
             he
             purchased
             safety
             ,
             for
             which
             other
             Men
             use
             to
             give
             it
             .
             Now
             the
             Macedonians
             while
             there
             was
             no
             shew
             of
             Danger
             ,
             made
             all
             their
             Court
             ,
             and
             came
             to
             the
             Levè
             of
             those
             that
             treated
             ,
             and
             presented
             them
             ;
             and
             they
             had
             their
             Guards
             ,
             and
             affected
             to
             appear
             Generals
             .
             But
             when
             Antigonus
             came
             upon
             them
             with
             a
             great
             Army
             ,
             and
             their
             Affairs
             themselves
             seemed
             to
             call
             out
             for
             a
             true
             General
             ,
             then
             not
             only
             the
             common
             Soldiers
             cast
             their
             Eyes
             upon
             Eumenes
             ,
             but
             these
             Men
             who
             had
             appeared
             so
             great
             in
             a
             peaceful
             time
             of
             ease
             ,
             submitted
             all
             of
             them
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             quietly
             posted
             themselves
             severally
             as
             he
             appointed
             them
             .
             And
             when
             Antigonus
             attempted
             to
             pass
             the
             River
             Pasitygris
             ,
             all
             the
             rest
             that
             were
             appointed
             to
             guard
             the
             Passes
             ,
             were
             not
             so
             much
             as
             aware
             of
             his
             March
             ;
             only
             Eumenes
             met
             and
             encountered
             him
             ,
             slew
             as
             many
             of
             
             his
             Men
             as
             filled
             up
             the
             River
             with
             their
             Carcases
             ,
             and
             took
             4000
             of
             them
             Prisoners
             .
             Chiefly
             when
             Eumenes
             was
             sick
             the
             Macedonians
             discovered
             that
             in
             their
             Judgment
             ,
             others
             would
             treat
             handsomely
             ,
             and
             make
             fire-balls
             ,
             but
             he
             alone
             knew
             how
             to
             fight
             and
             lead
             an
             Army
             .
             For
             Peucestas
             having
             made
             a
             splendid
             Entertainment
             in
             Persia
             ,
             and
             given
             each
             of
             the
             Soldiers
             a
             Sheep
             wherewith
             to
             Sacrifice
             ,
             promised
             himself
             to
             Command
             in
             chief
             ,
             some
             few
             days
             after
             the
             Army
             was
             to
             march
             ,
             and
             Eumenes
             being
             dangerously
             sick
             ,
             was
             carried
             in
             a
             Litter
             without
             the
             Body
             of
             the
             Army
             ,
             that
             his
             rest
             might
             not
             be
             disturbed
             .
             But
             when
             they
             were
             a
             little
             advanced
             ,
             unexpectedly
             they
             had
             a
             view
             of
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             who
             had
             passed
             the
             Hills
             that
             lay
             between
             them
             ,
             and
             was
             marching
             down
             into
             the
             Plain
             ▪
             seeing
             therefore
             the
             glittering
             of
             the
             Enemies
             Golden
             Armour
             ,
             which
             glar'd
             in
             the
             Sun
             ,
             the
             good
             Order
             of
             their
             March
             ,
             the
             Elephants
             with
             their
             Castles
             on
             their
             backs
             ,
             and
             the
             Men
             in
             their
             Purple
             ,
             (
             as
             their
             manner
             was
             when
             they
             were
             going
             to
             give
             Battel
             )
             the
             Front
             stopt
             their
             March
             ,
             and
             called
             out
             for
             Eumenes
             ,
             for
             they
             would
             not
             advance
             a
             step
             but
             under
             his
             Conduct
             ;
             and
             fixing
             their
             Arms
             in
             the
             ground
             ,
             gave
             the
             Word
             among
             themselves
             
             to
             stand
             ,
             requiring
             their
             Officers
             also
             not
             to
             stir
             or
             engage
             ,
             or
             hazard
             themselves
             without
             Eumenes
             .
             News
             of
             this
             being
             brought
             to
             Eumenes
             ,
             he
             hastned
             them
             that
             carried
             his
             Litter
             ,
             and
             put
             forth
             his
             right
             hand
             .
             Assoon
             as
             the
             Soldiers
             saw
             him
             ;
             they
             saluted
             him
             in
             the
             Macedonian
             Language
             ,
             and
             took
             up
             their
             Shields
             ,
             and
             striking
             them
             with
             their
             Pikes
             ,
             gave
             a
             great
             shout
             ,
             inviting
             the
             Enemy
             to
             come
             on
             ,
             for
             now
             they
             had
             a
             Leader
             .
             But
             Antigonus
             understanding
             by
             some
             Prisoners
             he
             had
             taken
             ,
             that
             Eumenes
             was
             sick
             and
             to
             that
             degree
             as
             to
             be
             carried
             in
             a
             Litter
             ,
             presumed
             it
             would
             be
             no
             hard
             matter
             to
             tread
             in
             pieces
             the
             rest
             of
             them
             ,
             since
             he
             was
             ill
             .
             Wherefore
             he
             made
             the
             greater
             haste
             to
             come
             up
             with
             them
             and
             engage
             .
             But
             being
             come
             so
             near
             ,
             as
             to
             discover
             how
             the
             Enemy
             was
             drawn
             up
             ,
             and
             appointed
             ,
             he
             was
             astonished
             ,
             and
             paused
             for
             some
             time
             ,
             at
             last
             he
             saw
             the
             Litter
             carrying
             from
             one
             Wing
             of
             the
             Army
             to
             the
             other
             ,
             (
             and
             as
             his
             manner
             was
             )
             laughing
             aloud
             ,
             he
             said
             to
             his
             Friends
             ,
             That
             Litter
             there
             ,
             it
             seems
             ,
             is
             the
             thing
             that
             offers
             us
             Battel
             ;
             but
             withal
             he
             immediately
             wheeled
             about
             with
             all
             his
             Army
             ,
             and
             decamped
             .
             The
             other
             side
             finding
             a
             little
             respite
             ,
             returned
             to
             their
             former
             custom
             of
             revelling
             ,
             and
             assuring
             every
             Man
             the
             port
             of
             a
             
             General
             ,
             taking
             up
             for
             their
             Winter-Quarters
             near
             the
             whole
             Country
             of
             the
             Gabeni
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             Front
             was
             quartered
             near
             100
             furlongs
             from
             the
             Rear
             ,
             which
             Antigonus
             understanding
             ,
             marcht
             immediately
             towards
             them
             ,
             taking
             the
             worst
             way
             ,
             through
             a
             Country
             that
             wanted
             Water
             (
             but
             the
             way
             was
             short
             though
             uneven
             )
             hoping
             if
             he
             should
             surprize
             them
             thus
             scattered
             in
             their
             Winter-Quarters
             ,
             the
             Soldiers
             would
             not
             easily
             be
             able
             to
             come
             up
             time
             enough
             ,
             and
             join
             with
             their
             Officers
             .
             But
             being
             to
             pass
             through
             a
             Country
             uninhabited
             ,
             where
             the
             Winds
             were
             bleak
             and
             boisterous
             ,
             and
             the
             Frosts
             great
             ,
             he
             was
             very
             much
             checkt
             in
             his
             March
             ,
             and
             his
             men
             exceedingly
             tired
             .
             The
             only
             relief
             in
             this
             case
             was
             making
             continual
             fires
             ,
             whereby
             his
             Enemies
             got
             notice
             of
             his
             coming
             .
             For
             the
             Barbarians
             who
             dwelt
             on
             the
             Mountains
             ,
             bordering
             upon
             the
             Desart
             ,
             amazed
             at
             the
             multitude
             of
             fires
             they
             saw
             ,
             sent
             Messengers
             upon
             Dromedaries
             ,
             to
             acquaint
             Peucestus
             :
             He
             being
             astonisht
             and
             almost
             struck
             dead
             with
             the
             News
             ,
             and
             finding
             the
             rest
             in
             no
             less
             disorder
             ,
             resolved
             to
             flee
             ,
             and
             get
             up
             what
             Men
             he
             could
             by
             the
             way
             .
             But
             Eumenes
             delivered
             him
             from
             his
             great
             fear
             and
             trouble
             ,
             undertaking
             to
             stop
             the
             Enemies
             Career
             ,
             that
             he
             should
             
             arrive
             three
             days
             later
             than
             he
             was
             expected
             .
             Having
             persuaded
             them
             ,
             he
             immediately
             dispatched
             Expresses
             to
             all
             Officers
             ,
             to
             draw
             the
             Men
             out
             of
             their
             Winter-Quarters
             ,
             and
             Muster
             them
             with
             speed
             .
             He
             himself
             with
             some
             of
             the
             chief
             Officers
             rode
             out
             ,
             and
             chose
             an
             eminent
             place
             within
             view
             of
             such
             as
             travelled
             the
             Desart
             ;
             this
             he
             fortified
             and
             quartered
             out
             ,
             and
             commanded
             many
             fires
             to
             be
             made
             in
             it
             ,
             as
             the
             Custom
             is
             in
             a
             Camp
             This
             done
             ,
             and
             the
             Enemies
             seeing
             the
             fire
             upon
             the
             Mountains
             ,
             Anguish
             and
             Despair
             seized
             Antigonus
             ,
             supposing
             that
             his
             Enemies
             had
             been
             long
             advertised
             of
             his
             March
             ,
             and
             were
             prepared
             to
             receive
             him
             .
             Wherefore
             lest
             his
             Army
             now
             tired
             and
             wearied
             out
             with
             their
             March
             should
             be
             forced
             immediately
             to
             encounter
             with
             fresh
             Men
             ,
             who
             had
             Wintered
             well
             ,
             and
             were
             ready
             for
             him
             ,
             quitting
             the
             near
             way
             ,
             he
             marched
             slowly
             through
             the
             Towns
             and
             Villages
             ,
             to
             refresh
             his
             Men.
             But
             meeting
             with
             no
             such
             Skirmishes
             as
             are
             usual
             ,
             when
             two
             Armies
             lie
             near
             one
             another
             ,
             and
             being
             assured
             by
             the
             People
             of
             the
             Country
             ,
             that
             no
             Army
             had
             been
             seen
             ,
             but
             only
             continual
             Fires
             in
             that
             place
             ,
             he
             concluded
             he
             had
             been
             outwitted
             by
             a
             Stratagem
             of
             Eumenes
             ,
             and
             being
             very
             much
             troubled
             ,
             advanced
             towards
             
             him
             ,
             resolving
             immediately
             to
             give
             Battel
             .
             By
             this
             time
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             the
             Forces
             were
             come
             together
             to
             Eumenes
             ,
             and
             admiring
             his
             Conduct
             ,
             declared
             him
             sole
             Commander
             in
             chief
             of
             the
             whole
             Army
             .
             Whereat
             Antigenes
             and
             Teutamus
             ,
             Captains
             of
             the
             Argyraspides
             ,
             being
             very
             much
             offended
             ,
             and
             envying
             Eumenes
             ,
             formed
             a
             Conspiracy
             against
             him
             ;
             and
             assembling
             the
             greater
             part
             of
             the
             Lords
             and
             Officers
             ,
             consulted
             when
             and
             how
             to
             cut
             him
             off
             .
             When
             they
             had
             unanimously
             agreed
             ,
             first
             to
             abuse
             his
             service
             ,
             and
             make
             him
             miscarry
             in
             the
             next
             Battel
             ,
             and
             thence
             take
             an
             occasion
             to
             destroy
             him
             ;
             Eudamus
             the
             Master
             of
             the
             Elephants
             ,
             and
             Phadimus
             ,
             gave
             Eumenes
             private
             advice
             of
             this
             design
             ;
             not
             out
             of
             kindness
             ,
             or
             good
             will
             to
             him
             ,
             but
             lest
             they
             should
             lose
             the
             Money
             he
             had
             lent
             them
             .
             Eumenes
             having
             commended
             them
             retired
             to
             his
             Tent
             ,
             and
             telling
             his
             Friends
             he
             lived
             among
             a
             Herd
             of
             wild
             Beasts
             ,
             made
             his
             Will
             ,
             mangled
             and
             tore
             all
             his
             Letters
             ,
             lest
             his
             Correspondents
             after
             his
             Death
             ,
             should
             be
             questioned
             or
             punished
             for
             the
             Intelligence
             they
             had
             given
             him
             .
             Having
             thus
             disposed
             of
             his
             Affairs
             ,
             he
             thought
             of
             letting
             the
             Enemy
             win
             the
             Field
             ,
             or
             of
             flying
             through
             Media
             ,
             and
             Armenia
             ,
             and
             seizing
             
             Cappadocia
             ,
             but
             came
             to
             no
             Resolution
             while
             his
             Friends
             stayed
             with
             him
             .
             After
             forecasting
             divers
             things
             in
             his
             mind
             ,
             which
             his
             changeable
             Fortune
             made
             unsteady
             and
             sickle
             ,
             he
             at
             last
             put
             his
             Men
             in
             Array
             ,
             and
             encouraged
             the
             Greeks
             ,
             and
             Barbarians
             ,
             as
             for
             the
             Argyraspides
             ,
             they
             encouraged
             him
             ,
             and
             bid
             him
             be
             of
             good
             heart
             ,
             for
             the
             Enemy
             would
             never
             be
             able
             to
             stand
             them
             .
             For
             indeed
             they
             were
             the
             oldest
             of
             Philip
             and
             
             Alexander's
             Soldiers
             ,
             tried
             Men
             ,
             that
             had
             long
             made
             a
             Trade
             of
             War
             ,
             that
             had
             never
             been
             beaten
             or
             so
             much
             as
             foiled
             ,
             most
             of
             them
             70
             ,
             none
             less
             than
             60
             years
             old
             ▪
             Wherefore
             when
             they
             charged
             Antigonus
             his
             Men
             ,
             they
             cried
             out
             ,
             
               You
               fight
               against
               your
               Fathers
               ,
               you
               Rascals
            
             ;
             and
             furiously
             falling
             on
             ,
             routed
             the
             whole
             Troop
             at
             once
             ,
             no
             Body
             being
             able
             to
             stand
             them
             ,
             and
             the
             greatest
             part
             dying
             by
             their
             hands
             ,
             so
             that
             Antigonus
             his
             Foot
             were
             routed
             ,
             but
             his
             Horse
             got
             the
             better
             ,
             and
             he
             became
             Master
             of
             the
             Baggage
             ,
             through
             the
             Cowardise
             of
             Peucestus
             ,
             who
             behaved
             himself
             negligently
             and
             basely
             .
             While
             Antigonus
             ,
             not
             daunted
             with
             the
             loss
             of
             his
             Infantry
             ,
             was
             vigilant
             and
             active
             ,
             and
             had
             the
             advantage
             of
             the
             ground
             .
             For
             the
             place
             where
             they
             fought
             was
             a
             large
             Field
             ,
             neither
             deep
             ,
             nor
             hard
             
             under
             foot
             ,
             but
             like
             the
             Sea-shore
             ,
             covered
             with
             a
             fine
             soft
             sand
             ,
             which
             the
             treading
             of
             so
             many
             Men
             and
             Horses
             ,
             in
             the
             time
             of
             the
             Battle
             ,
             reduced
             to
             a
             small
             white
             dust
             ,
             that
             like
             a
             Cloud
             of
             Lime
             darkened
             the
             Air
             ,
             so
             that
             one
             could
             not
             see
             clearly
             at
             any
             distance
             ,
             and
             so
             made
             it
             easie
             for
             Antigonus
             to
             take
             the
             Carriage
             unperceived
             .
             After
             the
             Battel
             Teutamus
             sent
             a
             Message
             to
             Antigonus
             to
             demand
             the
             Baggage
             .
             He
             made
             Answer
             ,
             He
             would
             not
             only
             restore
             it
             to
             the
             Argyraspides
             ,
             but
             serve
             them
             farther
             in
             other
             things
             ,
             if
             they
             would
             but
             deliver
             up
             Eumenes
             .
             Whereupon
             the
             Argyraspides
             made
             a
             villainous
             Resolution
             ,
             to
             deliver
             up
             this
             great
             Man
             alive
             into
             the
             hands
             of
             his
             Enemies
             .
             So
             they
             came
             to
             wait
             upon
             him
             ,
             being
             unsuspected
             by
             him
             ,
             but
             watching
             their
             opportunity
             against
             him
             ,
             some
             lamenting
             the
             loss
             of
             the
             Baggage
             ,
             some
             encouraging
             as
             if
             he
             had
             been
             Victor
             ,
             some
             accusing
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Captains
             ,
             till
             at
             last
             they
             all
             fell
             upon
             him
             ,
             and
             seizing
             his
             Sword
             ,
             bound
             his
             hands
             behind
             him
             with
             his
             own
             Girdle
             .
             When
             Antigonus
             had
             sent
             Nicanor
             to
             receive
             him
             ,
             he
             begged
             he
             might
             be
             led
             through
             the
             Body
             of
             the
             Macedonians
             ,
             and
             have
             liberty
             to
             speak
             to
             them
             ,
             neither
             to
             request
             ,
             nor
             deprecate
             any
             thing
             ,
             but
             only
             to
             advise
             them
             what
             would
             be
             for
             their
             Interest
             .
             A
             
             silence
             being
             made
             ,
             as
             he
             stood
             upon
             a
             rising
             Ground
             ,
             he
             stretched
             out
             his
             hands
             bound
             ,
             and
             said
             ,
             What
             Trophy
             ,
             O
             ye
             basest
             of
             all
             the
             Macedonians
             ,
             could
             Antigonus
             have
             wished
             for
             ,
             so
             great
             ,
             as
             you
             your selves
             have
             erected
             him
             ,
             in
             delivering
             up
             your
             General
             Captive
             into
             his
             hands
             ?
             How
             vile
             is
             it
             when
             you
             were
             Conquerors
             ,
             to
             own
             your selves
             Conquered
             ,
             for
             the
             sake
             only
             of
             your
             Baggage
             ,
             as
             if
             it
             were
             Wealth
             ,
             not
             Arms
             wherein
             Victory
             consisted
             ?
             Nay
             ,
             you
             deliver
             up
             your
             General
             to
             redeem
             your
             Lumber
             .
             As
             for
             me
             I
             am
             unvanquished
             ,
             though
             a
             Captive
             ,
             Conqueror
             of
             my
             Enemies
             ,
             and
             betrayed
             by
             my
             Fellow-Souldiers
             .
             For
             you
             ,
             I
             adjure
             you
             by
             Jupiter
             ,
             the
             Protector
             of
             Arms
             ,
             and
             by
             all
             the
             Gods
             that
             are
             the
             avengers
             of
             Perjury
             ,
             to
             kill
             me
             here
             with
             your
             own
             hands
             ,
             for
             't
             is
             all
             one
             ;
             and
             when
             I
             am
             murdered
             yonder
             ,
             it
             will
             be
             esteemed
             your
             Act
             ;
             nor
             will
             Antigonus
             complain
             ;
             for
             he
             desires
             not
             Eumenes
             alive
             ,
             but
             dead
             .
             If
             ye
             would
             with-hold
             your
             own
             hands
             ,
             release
             but
             one
             of
             mine
             ,
             it
             shall
             suffice
             to
             do
             the
             Work
             ;
             but
             if
             you
             dare
             not
             trust
             me
             with
             a
             Sword
             ,
             throw
             me
             bound
             as
             I
             am
             ,
             to
             wild
             Beasts
             .
             This
             if
             you
             do
             ,
             I
             shall
             freely
             acquit
             you
             from
             the
             guilt
             of
             my
             death
             ,
             as
             the
             most
             just
             and
             kind
             of
             Men
             to
             their
             
             General
             .
             While
             Eumenes
             was
             thus
             speaking
             ,
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Souldiers
             wept
             for
             grief
             ;
             but
             the
             Argyraspides
             bawled
             out
             to
             lead
             him
             on
             ,
             and
             gave
             not
             attention
             to
             his
             trifling
             .
             For
             it
             was
             nothing
             so
             grievous
             the
             Lamentation
             of
             this
             Chersonesean
             Plague
             ,
             which
             in
             thousands
             of
             Battels
             ,
             had
             annoyed
             and
             wasted
             the
             Macedonians
             ,
             as
             it
             would
             be
             for
             the
             choicest
             of
             Philip
             and
             
             Alexander's
             Souldiers
             to
             be
             defrauded
             of
             the
             Fruits
             of
             so
             long
             Service
             ,
             and
             in
             their
             old
             Age
             to
             come
             to
             beg
             their
             Bread
             ;
             besides
             that
             their
             Wives
             had
             lain
             now
             three
             Nights
             with
             their
             Enemies
             .
             So
             they
             pushed
             him
             on
             with
             all
             speed
             and
             violence
             .
             But
             Antigonus
             fearing
             the
             Multitude
             ,
             (
             for
             no
             body
             was
             left
             in
             the
             Camp
             )
             sent
             ten
             of
             his
             strongest
             Elephants
             with
             divers
             of
             his
             Mede
             and
             Parthyaean
             Lances
             to
             keep
             off
             the
             Press
             .
             Then
             he
             could
             not
             endure
             to
             have
             Eumenes
             brought
             into
             his
             presence
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             their
             former
             Intimacy
             and
             Friendship
             ;
             but
             when
             they
             that
             had
             taken
             him
             ,
             had
             enquired
             of
             Antigonus
             how
             he
             would
             have
             him
             kept
             ?
             As
             I
             would
             (
             said
             he
             )
             an
             Elephant
             or
             a
             Lion.
             A
             little
             after
             ,
             being
             moved
             with
             Compassion
             ,
             he
             commanded
             the
             heaviest
             of
             his
             Irons
             to
             be
             knock'd
             off
             ,
             one
             of
             his
             Menial
             Servants
             to
             be
             admitted
             to
             anoint
             him
             ,
             and
             that
             any
             of
             his
             Friends
             that
             
             were
             willing
             ,
             should
             have
             liberty
             to
             visit
             him
             ,
             and
             bring
             him
             what
             he
             wanted
             .
             Long
             time
             he
             deliberated
             what
             to
             do
             with
             him
             ,
             sometimes
             inclining
             to
             the
             advice
             and
             Promises
             of
             Nearchu●
             of
             Crete
             ,
             and
             Demetrius
             his
             Son
             ,
             who
             were
             very
             earnest
             to
             preserve
             Eumenes
             ,
             whilst
             all
             the
             rest
             were
             unanimously
             instant
             and
             importunate
             to
             have
             him
             taken
             off
             .
             'T
             is
             reported
             that
             Eumenes
             should
             enquire
             of
             Onomarchus
             his
             Keeper
             ,
             why
             Antigonus
             ,
             now
             he
             had
             his
             Enemy
             in
             his
             hands
             ,
             would
             not
             either
             forthwith
             dispatch
             or
             generously
             release
             him
             ?
             And
             that
             Onomarchus
             contumeliously
             answered
             him
             ,
             That
             the
             Field
             was
             a
             more
             proper
             place
             than
             this
             to
             shew
             his
             Contempt
             of
             Death
             .
             To
             whom
             Eumenes
             replied
             ,
             And
             by
             Jupiter
             I
             shewed
             it
             there
             ;
             ask
             the
             men
             else
             that
             engaged
             me
             ;
             but
             I
             could
             never
             meet
             a
             Man
             that
             was
             too
             hard
             for
             me
             .
             Therefore
             (
             rejoyned
             Onomarchus
             ,
             )
             now
             you
             have
             found
             such
             a
             Man
             ,
             why
             don't
             you
             submit
             quietly
             to
             his
             pleasure
             ?
             When
             Antigonus
             resolved
             to
             kill
             Eumenes
             ,
             he
             commanded
             to
             keep
             his
             Meat
             from
             him
             ,
             and
             so
             with
             two
             or
             three
             days
             fasting
             ,
             he
             began
             to
             draw
             near
             his
             end
             :
             But
             the
             Camp
             being
             on
             a
             sudden
             to
             remove
             ,
             an
             Executioner
             was
             sent
             to
             dispatch
             him
             .
             Antigonus
             granted
             his
             Body
             to
             his
             Friends
             ,
             permitted
             them
             to
             burn
             it
             ,
             
             and
             having
             gathered
             his
             Ashes
             into
             a
             Silver
             Urn
             ,
             to
             send
             them
             to
             his
             Wife
             and
             Children
             .
          
           
             Eumenes
             being
             thus
             taken
             off
             ,
             the
             Divinity
             appointed
             no
             other
             of
             the
             Captains
             or
             Commanders
             to
             revenge
             the
             Disloyalty
             of
             them
             that
             had
             betrayed
             him
             ;
             but
             Antigonus
             himself
             abominating
             the
             Argyraspides
             ,
             as
             wicked
             and
             inhumane
             Villains
             ,
             delivered
             them
             up
             to
             Ibyrtius
             Procurator
             of
             Arachosia
             ,
             commanding
             him
             by
             all
             ways
             and
             means
             to
             confound
             and
             destroy
             them
             ,
             so
             that
             not
             a
             man
             of
             them
             might
             ever
             come
             to
             Macedon
             ,
             or
             so
             much
             as
             within
             sight
             of
             the
             Greek
             Sea.
             
          
        
         
           
           
           
           
             
               
                 SERTORIUS
                 .
              
            
             THE
             LIFE
             OF
             QUINTUS
             SERTORIUS
             :
          
           
             Translated
             from
             the
             Greek
             .
             By
             
               Edward
               Browne
            
             ,
             M.
             D.
             
          
           
             VOLUME
             III.
             
          
           
             IT
             is
             no
             great
             wonder
             ,
             if
             in
             long
             process
             of
             time
             ,
             the
             Wheel
             of
             Fortune
             running
             variously
             hither
             and
             thither
             through
             the
             Universe
             ,
             shall
             happen
             to
             fall
             divers
             times
             into
             the
             same
             Trace
             ,
             and
             the
             like
             Occurrences
             be
             often
             produced
             ;
             and
             if
             the
             number
             of
             Subjects
             to
             be
             wrought
             upon
             ,
             be
             infinite
             ,
             Fortune
             being
             supplied
             with
             matter
             sufficiently
             copious
             ,
             may
             
             more
             easily
             produce
             this
             remarkable
             likeness
             in
             humane
             Affairs
             :
             Or
             if
             otherwise
             all
             things
             be
             composed
             and
             framed
             out
             of
             a
             finite
             and
             limited
             number
             of
             Events
             ;
             when
             these
             have
             all
             appeared
             ,
             the
             same
             of
             necessity
             must
             again
             come
             to
             pass
             ;
             the
             Series
             ,
             and
             whole
             course
             of
             Accidents
             having
             already
             been
             performed
             .
             Now
             some
             ,
             being
             delighted
             with
             such
             casualties
             as
             exactly
             resemble
             one
             another
             ,
             make
             Historical
             Collections
             of
             those
             fortuitous
             Occurrences
             they
             have
             heard
             ,
             or
             read
             of
             ;
             and
             observing
             some
             Fatality
             therein
             ,
             represent
             them
             as
             the
             works
             of
             a
             rational
             predeterminating
             Power
             and
             Providence
             .
             Thus
             they
             observe
             that
             of
             two
             eminent
             Persons
             ,
             both
             whose
             Names
             were
             Attis
             ,
             both
             Nobly
             Born
             ,
             and
             of
             most
             Illustrious
             Families
             ,
             the
             one
             of
             Syria
             ,
             the
             other
             of
             Arcadia
             ,
             both
             of
             them
             were
             slain
             by
             a
             wild
             Boar
             ;
             that
             of
             two
             Noblemen
             ,
             Both
             whose
             Names
             were
             Actaeon
             ,
             the
             one
             was
             torn
             in
             pieces
             by
             his
             Dogs
             ,
             the
             other
             by
             his
             Lovers
             ;
             that
             of
             two
             famous
             Scipio's
             ,
             the
             one
             overthrew
             the
             Carthaginians
             in
             war
             ,
             the
             other
             totally
             ruin'd
             and
             destroy'd
             them
             ;
             the
             City
             of
             Troy
             was
             the
             first
             time
             taken
             by
             Hercules
             for
             the
             horses
             promis'd
             to
             be
             given
             him
             by
             Laomedon
             ;
             the
             second
             time
             by
             Agamemnon
             ,
             by
             means
             of
             the
             celebrated
             great
             wooden
             Horse
             ;
             and
             the
             
             third
             time
             by
             Charidemus
             ,
             by
             occasion
             of
             a
             Horse
             falling
             down
             at
             the
             Gate
             ,
             which
             hindred
             the
             Trojans
             ,
             so
             as
             they
             could
             not
             shut
             them
             soon
             enough
             ;
             and
             of
             two
             Cities
             which
             take
             their
             Names
             from
             most
             delightful
             odoriferous
             Plants
             ,
             Jos
             and
             Smyrna
             ,
             the
             one
             from
             a
             Violet
             ,
             the
             other
             from
             Myrrh
             ,
             the
             Poet
             Homer
             is
             reported
             to
             have
             been
             born
             in
             the
             one
             ,
             and
             to
             have
             died
             in
             the
             other
             .
             To
             these
             Remarks
             ,
             if
             it
             may
             be
             permitted
             ,
             we
             may
             further
             observe
             ,
             that
             the
             most
             warlike
             Commanders
             ,
             
             who
             have
             perform'd
             the
             greatest
             exploits
             ,
             and
             carried
             on
             the
             most
             notable
             Stratagems
             by
             their
             Courage
             and
             Skill
             in
             Martial
             Affairs
             ,
             have
             had
             but
             one
             Eye
             ;
             
               as
               ,
               Philip
               ,
               Antigonus
            
             ,
             and
             Hannibal
             ,
             and
             Sertorius
             also
             ,
             whose
             Life
             and
             Actions
             we
             describe
             at
             present
             ,
             and
             who
             far
             surpassed
             the
             other
             in
             all
             noble
             Vertues
             ;
             for
             we
             may
             give
             this
             true
             report
             of
             him
             ,
             That
             he
             was
             more
             Temperate
             ,
             Sober
             ,
             and
             Continent
             than
             Philip
             ,
             more
             Faithful
             to
             his
             Friend
             than
             Antigonus
             ,
             and
             more
             Merciful
             and
             Courteous
             to
             his
             Enemies
             than
             Hannibal
             ;
             for
             Prudence
             ,
             Wisdom
             ,
             and
             Judgment
             ,
             he
             gave
             place
             to
             none
             of
             them
             ;
             but
             in
             Fortune
             was
             inferiour
             to
             them
             all
             ,
             who
             though
             she
             was
             every
             where
             more
             severe
             and
             cruel
             to
             him
             ,
             than
             to
             all
             his
             Illustrious
             Enemies
             ,
             yet
             for
             Skill
             and
             Experience
             
             in
             War
             he
             made
             himself
             equal
             to
             Metellus
             ;
             for
             bold
             Attempts
             ,
             Valour
             ,
             and
             Bravery
             ,
             he
             might
             compare
             with
             Pompey
             ;
             and
             in
             Success
             ,
             he
             no
             ways
             yielded
             to
             Sylla
             ;
             and
             for
             Power
             and
             Force
             he
             made
             himself
             a
             March
             for
             the
             whole
             Roman
             Empire
             ,
             and
             fought
             gloriously
             against
             the
             united
             Arms
             of
             Rome
             ,
             when
             he
             was
             a
             Banished
             Man
             ,
             and
             a
             Stranger
             amongst
             Barbarous
             People
             .
          
           
             Of
             all
             the
             Grecian
             Commanders
             ,
             Eumenes
             
             of
             Cardia
             may
             be
             best
             compared
             with
             him
             ;
             for
             they
             were
             both
             of
             them
             great
             Generals
             ,
             both
             Valiant
             and
             Politick
             Commanders
             ,
             making
             use
             of
             Deceit
             ,
             intricate
             designs
             ,
             and
             cunning
             Stratagems
             in
             War
             ;
             they
             were
             both
             Aliens
             and
             Strangers
             ,
             Banished
             from
             their
             Countries
             ,
             and
             had
             the
             Command
             of
             Foreign
             Forces
             ;
             both
             had
             Fortune
             for
             their
             Adversary
             ,
             and
             so
             extravagantly
             injurious
             to
             them
             in
             the
             end
             ,
             that
             they
             were
             both
             betrayed
             ,
             and
             villainously
             murdered
             by
             those
             who
             served
             them
             ,
             and
             by
             whom
             they
             had
             formerly
             overcome
             their
             Enemies
             .
          
           
             
               Quintus
               Sertorius
            
             was
             of
             a
             noble
             Family
             ,
             
             he
             was
             born
             in
             the
             City
             of
             Nursia
             ,
             in
             the
             Country
             of
             the
             Sabines
             ,
             his
             Father
             died
             when
             he
             was
             young
             ,
             he
             was
             carefully
             and
             decently
             educated
             by
             his
             Mother
             ,
             whose
             Name
             was
             Rhea
             ,
             and
             whom
             he
             extreamly
             
             loved
             and
             honoured
             ;
             he
             exercised
             
             himself
             in
             Oratory
             ,
             and
             pleading
             in
             his
             Youth
             ,
             which
             he
             performed
             so
             judiciously
             ,
             that
             he
             acquired
             no
             small
             Reputation
             and
             Power
             in
             Rome
             by
             the
             force
             of
             his
             Eloquence
             ;
             but
             the
             splendor
             of
             his
             glorious
             Actions
             in
             Arms
             ,
             and
             his
             successful
             Atchievments
             in
             the
             Wars
             ,
             induced
             him
             to
             alter
             his
             Ambition
             ,
             and
             to
             seek
             for
             Honour
             wholly
             in
             martial
             Affairs
             .
             At
             his
             first
             entring
             the
             Field
             ,
             he
             served
             under
             Scipio
             ,
             when
             the
             Cimbri
             and
             Teutones
             invaded
             Gaul
             ;
             where
             ,
             the
             Romans
             fighting
             unfortunately
             ,
             and
             being
             put
             to
             flight
             ,
             he
             was
             wounded
             in
             many
             parts
             of
             his
             Body
             ,
             and
             thrown
             from
             his
             Horse
             ,
             yet
             nevertheless
             he
             swam
             cross
             the
             River
             Rhosne
             in
             his
             
             Armour
             ,
             with
             his
             Breast-plate
             and
             Shield
             ,
             bearing
             himself
             up
             against
             one
             of
             the
             swiftest
             Rivers
             in
             the
             World
             ,
             and
             breaking
             through
             its
             furious
             Waves
             by
             clear
             strength
             ,
             so
             strong
             a
             Body
             he
             had
             ,
             inur'd
             to
             hardship
             ,
             and
             by
             long
             exercise
             brought
             to
             endure
             all
             Labour
             .
          
           
             The
             second
             time
             that
             the
             Cimbri
             and
             
             Teutones
             came
             down
             with
             some
             hundreds
             of
             thousands
             ,
             threatning
             death
             and
             destruction
             to
             all
             ,
             when
             it
             was
             no
             small
             piece
             of
             Service
             for
             a
             Roman
             Souldier
             to
             keep
             his
             Rank
             ,
             and
             obey
             his
             Commander
             ,
             Sertorius
             undertook
             to
             view
             the
             enemies
             camp
             ,
             
             and
             to
             discover
             their
             utmost
             Forces
             ,
             and
             Designs
             ,
             and
             to
             this
             intent
             having
             learned
             the
             manner
             of
             their
             Salutations
             ,
             and
             the
             ordinary
             expressions
             of
             their
             Language
             ,
             he
             threw
             himself
             in
             amongst
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             dressed
             in
             the
             Habit
             of
             a
             
               Celtick
               Gaul
            
             ,
             where
             having
             carefully
             seen
             with
             his
             own
             Eyes
             ,
             or
             having
             been
             fully
             informed
             by
             Persons
             upon
             the
             place
             ,
             of
             all
             their
             most
             important
             Concerns
             ,
             and
             Affairs
             of
             greatest
             Moment
             ,
             he
             returned
             to
             Marius
             ,
             General
             of
             the
             Roman
             Army
             ,
             from
             whose
             hands
             he
             received
             the
             honourable
             Rewards
             of
             his
             Valour
             :
             And
             afterwards
             giving
             frequent
             Demonstrations
             both
             of
             his
             Conduct
             and
             Courage
             in
             all
             the
             following
             War
             ,
             he
             was
             advanced
             to
             Places
             of
             Honour
             and
             Trust
             under
             his
             General
             ,
             who
             highly
             esteemed
             and
             consided
             in
             him
             .
          
           
             After
             the
             Wars
             with
             the
             Cimbri
             and
             
             Teutones
             ,
             he
             was
             sent
             into
             Spain
             ,
             having
             the
             Command
             of
             a
             thousand
             Men
             ,
             under
             Didius
             the
             Roman
             General
             ,
             and
             wintered
             in
             the
             Country
             of
             the
             Celtiberians
             ,
             in
             the
             City
             of
             Castulo
             ,
             where
             the
             Souldiers
             enjoying
             great
             plenty
             of
             all
             things
             ,
             grew
             insolent
             ,
             and
             continually
             drinking
             ,
             the
             Inhabitants
             despised
             them
             ,
             and
             sent
             for
             aid
             by
             Night
             to
             the
             Gyrisenaeans
             their
             near
             Neighbours
             ,
             who
             sell
             upon
             the
             Romans
             
             in
             their
             Lodgings
             ,
             and
             slew
             a
             great
             Number
             of
             them
             ;
             but
             Sertorius
             being
             alarm'd
             ,
             withdrew
             out
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             with
             a
             few
             of
             his
             Souldiers
             ,
             and
             rallying
             together
             the
             rest
             who
             had
             slipp'd
             out
             ,
             he
             marched
             round
             about
             the
             Walls
             ,
             and
             finding
             the
             Gate
             open
             ,
             by
             which
             the
             Gyrisaenians
             privately
             entring
             ,
             had
             set
             upon
             the
             Romans
             ,
             he
             gave
             not
             them
             the
             same
             opportunity
             ,
             
             but
             placing
             a
             Guard
             at
             the
             Gate
             ,
             and
             seizing
             upon
             all
             Quarters
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             he
             slew
             those
             who
             were
             of
             age
             to
             bear
             arms
             ;
             and
             then
             ordering
             his
             Souldiers
             to
             lay
             aside
             their
             weapons
             ,
             and
             put
             off
             their
             own
             Cloaths
             ,
             and
             put
             on
             the
             accoutrements
             of
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             he
             commanded
             them
             to
             follow
             him
             to
             the
             City
             ,
             from
             whence
             those
             were
             sent
             ,
             who
             fell
             upon
             the
             Romans
             by
             Night
             ,
             and
             deceiving
             the
             Gyrisaenians
             with
             the
             sight
             of
             their
             own
             Armour
             and
             
             Equipage
             ,
             he
             found
             the
             gates
             of
             their
             City
             open
             ,
             and
             took
             great
             Numbers
             of
             them
             Prisoners
             ,
             who
             came
             out
             ,
             thinking
             to
             meet
             their
             Friends
             and
             Fellow-Citizens
             ,
             coming
             from
             performing
             a
             worthy
             piece
             of
             Service
             .
             Many
             also
             were
             slain
             by
             the
             Romans
             at
             their
             own
             Gates
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             within
             yielded
             up
             themselves
             ,
             and
             were
             sold
             for
             Slaves
             .
          
           
             This
             action
             made
             Sertorius
             to
             be
             highly
             renowned
             throughout
             all
             Spain
             ,
             and
             as
             
             soon
             as
             he
             returned
             to
             Rome
             ,
             he
             was
             constituted
             
             Treasurer
             General
             of
             
               Gallia
               Cisalpina
            
             on
             both
             sides
             of
             the
             River
             Po
             ,
             very
             advantageously
             for
             the
             Roman
             Affairs
             at
             that
             time
             ;
             for
             the
             War
             with
             the
             Marsi
             being
             unanimously
             resolved
             upon
             ,
             Sertorius
             was
             ordered
             to
             raise
             Souldiers
             ,
             and
             provide
             Arms
             ,
             which
             he
             performed
             with
             such
             Diligence
             ,
             Speed
             ,
             and
             Alacrity
             ,
             contrary
             to
             the
             languishing
             feebleness
             and
             slothfulness
             of
             his
             Companions
             ,
             that
             he
             got
             the
             repute
             of
             a
             man
             of
             Life
             and
             Spirit
             in
             Business
             ;
             nor
             did
             he
             any
             ways
             desist
             from
             his
             Milirary
             Boldness
             and
             Bravery
             ,
             when
             he
             arrived
             at
             the
             Dignity
             of
             a
             great
             Commander
             ,
             but
             performed
             Wonders
             with
             his
             own
             hands
             ,
             and
             never
             sparing
             himself
             ,
             but
             exposing
             his
             Body
             freely
             in
             all
             Conflicts
             ,
             he
             lost
             one
             of
             his
             Eyes
             ,
             which
             was
             cut
             out
             of
             his
             head
             ,
             and
             yet
             continued
             to
             have
             a
             chearful
             Look
             ,
             and
             always
             esteemed
             it
             an
             honour
             to
             him
             :
             For
             others
             do
             not
             continually
             carry
             about
             with
             them
             the
             marks
             and
             testimonies
             of
             their
             Valour
             ,
             but
             often
             lay
             aside
             their
             Chains
             of
             Gold
             ,
             their
             Spears
             and
             Crowns
             ;
             whereas
             his
             Ensigns
             of
             Honour
             ,
             and
             the
             Manifestations
             of
             his
             noble
             Courage
             always
             remained
             with
             him
             ,
             and
             those
             who
             beheld
             his
             Scars
             and
             Misfortunes
             ,
             admired
             at
             the
             same
             time
             his
             undaunted
             Prowess
             and
             
             Magnanimity
             ;
             the
             People
             also
             paid
             him
             due
             Respect
             ,
             and
             honoured
             him
             suitably
             to
             his
             Merit
             ;
             and
             when
             he
             came
             into
             the
             Theatre
             ,
             they
             applauded
             him
             ,
             and
             received
             him
             with
             clapping
             their
             hands
             ,
             
             beating
             their
             feet
             against
             the
             Seats
             ,
             and
             with
             joyful
             Acclamations
             ,
             which
             sort
             of
             Applause
             was
             not
             easily
             obtained
             ,
             even
             by
             Persons
             who
             were
             more
             venerable
             in
             respect
             of
             their
             Age
             ,
             and
             of
             greater
             Dignity
             in
             the
             Common-Wealth
             .
          
           
             Notwithstanding
             this
             Popularity
             ,
             when
             he
             stood
             to
             be
             Tribune
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             he
             was
             disappointed
             ,
             and
             lost
             the
             place
             ,
             being
             oppos'd
             by
             a
             Party
             stirred
             up
             by
             Sylla
             ,
             which
             seems
             to
             be
             the
             principal
             cause
             of
             their
             inveterate
             irreconcileable
             hatred
             .
          
           
             After
             that
             Marius
             was
             overcome
             by
             Sylla
             ,
             and
             fled
             into
             Africa
             ,
             and
             that
             Sylla
             ,
             had
             left
             Italy
             to
             go
             to
             the
             Wars
             against
             Mithridates
             ,
             that
             of
             the
             two
             Consuls
             ,
             Octavius
             and
             
               Cinna
               ,
               Octavius
            
             remained
             stedfast
             to
             the
             Designs
             of
             Sylla
             ,
             but
             Cinna
             (
             affecting
             Innovations
             )
             attempted
             to
             recall
             the
             lost
             Interest
             of
             Marius
             ,
             and
             to
             set
             up
             a
             Party
             again
             that
             was
             declined
             and
             trodden
             under
             foot
             ;
             Sertorius
             adhered
             to
             Cinna
             ,
             perceiving
             that
             Octavius
             was
             somewhat
             heavy
             ,
             could
             not
             distinguish
             of
             the
             worth
             of
             a
             Man
             ,
             and
             was
             also
             suspicious
             of
             any
             one
             that
             was
             a
             Friend
             to
             Marius
             .
          
           
           
             When
             the
             Battel
             was
             fought
             between
             the
             
             two
             Consuls
             in
             the
             Market-Place
             ,
             Octavius
             overcame
             ,
             and
             Cinna
             and
             Sertorius
             having
             lost
             not
             less
             than
             ten
             thousand
             Men
             ,
             left
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             persuading
             the
             Soldiers
             who
             were
             dispersed
             about
             ,
             and
             gaining
             those
             who
             remained
             still
             in
             many
             parts
             of
             Italy
             ,
             they
             united
             their
             Forces
             ,
             and
             in
             a
             short
             time
             mustered
             up
             a
             Party
             against
             Octavius
             ,
             sufficient
             to
             give
             him
             Battel
             again
             ,
             and
             Marius
             coming
             by
             Sea
             out
             of
             Africa
             ,
             proffered
             himself
             to
             serve
             under
             Cinna
             ,
             as
             a
             private
             Soldier
             under
             his
             Consul
             and
             Commander
             .
          
           
             Most
             were
             for
             the
             speedy
             Reception
             of
             Marius
             ,
             but
             Sertorius
             openly
             declared
             against
             it
             ,
             and
             whether
             he
             thought
             that
             Cinna
             did
             not
             herein
             consult
             his
             own
             Interest
             ,
             and
             that
             his
             Greatness
             would
             be
             diminished
             by
             the
             presence
             of
             a
             Person
             of
             greater
             Splendour
             and
             Authority
             ,
             or
             whether
             he
             feared
             that
             the
             violence
             of
             Marius
             would
             bring
             all
             things
             to
             Consusion
             ,
             and
             that
             by
             his
             boundless
             Wrath
             and
             Vengeance
             after
             Victory
             ,
             he
             would
             go
             beyond
             all
             the
             Rules
             and
             Limits
             of
             Justice
             ,
             he
             insisted
             upon
             it
             with
             Cinna
             ,
             alledging
             that
             they
             were
             already
             Victorious
             ,
             that
             there
             remained
             little
             to
             be
             done
             ,
             and
             that
             if
             they
             admitted
             Marius
             ,
             he
             would
             not
             only
             deprive
             them
             of
             the
             
             Glory
             and
             Aduantage
             of
             the
             War
             ,
             but
             would
             also
             prove
             a
             very
             uneasie
             and
             unfaithful
             sharer
             in
             the
             Government
             .
             To
             which
             Cinna
             answered
             ,
             That
             he
             had
             rightly
             computed
             these
             affairs
             ,
             but
             that
             he
             himself
             was
             at
             a
             loss
             ,
             and
             ashamed
             ,
             and
             knew
             not
             how
             to
             reject
             him
             ,
             whom
             he
             sent
             for
             to
             be
             Partner
             in
             all
             his
             Concerns
             :
             To
             which
             Sertorius
             replied
             ,
             That
             he
             thought
             Marius
             came
             into
             Italy
             of
             his
             own
             accord
             ,
             and
             therefore
             he
             deliberated
             what
             might
             be
             most
             expedient
             ,
             but
             that
             it
             was
             not
             fair
             for
             Cinna
             to
             consult
             whether
             he
             should
             accept
             of
             him
             whom
             he
             had
             already
             vouchsafed
             to
             invite
             ,
             but
             should
             honourably
             receive
             and
             employ
             him
             ,
             for
             his
             word
             once
             past
             ,
             left
             no
             room
             for
             debate
             ,
             and
             his
             promise
             being
             sacred
             ,
             ought
             never
             to
             be
             disputed
             .
          
           
             Marius
             being
             sent
             for
             by
             Cinna
             ,
             and
             
             their
             Forces
             being
             divided
             into
             three
             parts
             ,
             under
             
               Cinna
               ,
               Marius
            
             ,
             and
             Sertorius
             ,
             the
             War
             was
             carried
             on
             successfully
             ;
             but
             those
             about
             Cinna
             and
             Marius
             committing
             all
             manner
             of
             Insolence
             ,
             Severity
             ,
             and
             Rapine
             ,
             made
             it
             evident
             to
             the
             Romans
             ,
             that
             the
             Original
             and
             chief
             inducement
             to
             these
             Wars
             ,
             was
             Booty
             and
             Plunder
             ;
             but
             on
             the
             contrary
             it
             is
             reported
             of
             Sertorius
             ,
             that
             he
             never
             slew
             Man
             in
             his
             Anger
             ,
             to
             satisfie
             his
             own
             private
             Revenge
             ,
             nor
             never
             insulted
             
             over
             any
             one
             whom
             he
             had
             overcome
             ,
             but
             was
             much
             offended
             with
             the
             inhumane
             Rigour
             of
             Marius
             ,
             and
             would
             often
             converse
             privately
             with
             Cinna
             ,
             and
             entreat
             him
             to
             mitigate
             his
             Fury
             ,
             and
             to
             use
             his
             Power
             more
             moderately
             ;
             in
             the
             end
             ,
             when
             the
             Slaves
             whom
             Marius
             had
             freed
             at
             his
             landing
             ,
             to
             increase
             his
             Army
             ,
             being
             made
             not
             only
             his
             fellow-Soldiers
             in
             the
             War
             ,
             but
             also
             his
             Guard
             ,
             and
             the
             Executioners
             of
             his
             Tyrannical
             Cruelty
             ,
             became
             strong
             and
             numerous
             ;
             and
             either
             by
             the
             Command
             ,
             or
             Permission
             of
             Marius
             ,
             had
             ,
             contrary
             to
             all
             Law
             ,
             forcibly
             oppressed
             their
             Masters
             ,
             slain
             their
             Lords
             ,
             ravished
             their
             Ladies
             ,
             and
             forced
             ,
             and
             abused
             their
             Children
             ;
             their
             Crimes
             appeared
             so
             intolerable
             to
             Sertorius
             ,
             that
             he
             slew
             no
             less
             
             than
             four
             thousand
             of
             them
             upon
             the
             place
             ;
             commanding
             his
             Soldiers
             to
             strike
             their
             Darts
             through
             the
             Bodies
             of
             them
             all
             as
             they
             lay
             encamped
             together
             .
          
           
             Afterwards
             when
             Marius
             was
             dead
             ,
             and
             Cinna
             was
             slain
             ,
             when
             the
             younger
             Marius
             had
             usurped
             the
             supreme
             Authority
             ,
             and
             made
             himself
             Consul
             against
             the
             mind
             of
             Sertorius
             ,
             and
             the
             known
             Laws
             of
             Rome
             :
             When
             
               Carbo
               ,
               Norbanus
            
             ,
             and
             Scipio
             had
             fought
             unsuccessfully
             ,
             and
             made
             but
             small
             resistance
             against
             the
             fortunate
             Arms
             of
             Sylla
             ,
             returning
             victoriously
             from
             the
             
             Wars
             with
             Mithridates
             and
             Fimbria
             ;
             when
             much
             was
             lost
             by
             the
             softness
             and
             effeminate
             remissness
             of
             the
             Commanders
             ,
             but
             more
             destroyed
             by
             the
             treachery
             of
             their
             own
             Party
             ;
             when
             their
             Affairs
             were
             so
             miserably
             shattered
             ,
             and
             born
             down
             that
             they
             were
             not
             able
             to
             be
             supported
             even
             by
             the
             presence
             of
             Sertorius
             ,
             and
             that
             he
             was
             able
             to
             do
             little
             by
             reason
             that
             those
             who
             had
             the
             greatest
             Command
             ,
             and
             Authority
             ,
             were
             persons
             of
             no
             great
             Prudence
             or
             Conduct
             ;
             in
             the
             end
             ,
             when
             Sylla
             had
             placed
             his
             Camp
             near
             to
             Scipio
             ,
             and
             by
             pretending
             friendship
             ,
             and
             putting
             him
             in
             hopes
             of
             a
             good
             Peace
             ,
             had
             corrupted
             his
             Army
             ;
             and
             Scipio
             could
             not
             be
             made
             sensible
             thereof
             ,
             although
             often
             foretold
             ,
             and
             forewarned
             of
             it
             by
             Sertorius
             ;
             
             he
             utterly
             despaired
             of
             the
             prosperity
             of
             Rome
             ,
             and
             made
             haste
             into
             Spain
             ;
             that
             by
             taking
             possession
             thereof
             before-hand
             ,
             he
             might
             establish
             his
             Power
             in
             a
             Country
             ,
             which
             would
             be
             a
             resuge
             to
             his
             Friends
             ,
             and
             a
             support
             to
             his
             declining
             party
             .
             But
             having
             bad
             weather
             in
             his
             journey
             ,
             and
             travelling
             through
             Mountainous
             Countries
             ,
             and
             the
             Inhabitants
             stopping
             the
             way
             ,
             and
             demanding
             a
             Toll
             ,
             and
             Money
             for
             passage
             ,
             those
             who
             were
             with
             him
             were
             out
             of
             all
             patience
             ;
             and
             highly
             aggravating
             in
             their
             discourses
             the
             indignity
             
             and
             shame
             it
             would
             be
             for
             a
             Proconsul
             of
             Rome
             to
             pay
             Tribute
             to
             a
             Crew
             of
             wretched
             Barbarians
             ;
             he
             little
             regarded
             their
             censure
             ;
             but
             slighting
             that
             which
             had
             only
             the
             appearance
             of
             an
             undecency
             ,
             told
             them
             he
             must
             buy
             time
             ,
             the
             most
             precious
             of
             all
             things
             ,
             to
             those
             who
             go
             upon
             great
             Enterprizes
             ;
             and
             pacifying
             the
             barbarous
             People
             with
             Money
             ,
             he
             hastned
             his
             journey
             ,
             and
             took
             possession
             of
             
               Spain
               ,
               a
            
             Country
             flourishing
             ,
             and
             populous
             ,
             abounding
             with
             lusty
             young
             Men
             fit
             to
             bear
             Arms
             ;
             but
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             Insolency
             and
             covetousness
             of
             the
             Commanders
             ,
             sent
             thither
             yearly
             from
             Rome
             ,
             they
             had
             generally
             an
             aversion
             to
             the
             Roman
             discipline
             ;
             and
             were
             very
             ill
             prepared
             to
             receive
             any
             sort
             of
             Government
             .
             But
             he
             soon
             gained
             the
             affection
             of
             the
             Nobility
             ,
             by
             his
             Civilities
             and
             free
             Conversation
             amongst
             them
             and
             got
             the
             good
             Opinion
             of
             the
             People
             by
             remitting
             their
             Taxes
             .
             But
             that
             which
             made
             him
             generally
             beloved
             ,
             and
             wan
             the
             hearts
             of
             all
             ,
             was
             his
             exempting
             them
             from
             finding
             Lodgings
             for
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             when
             he
             Commanded
             his
             Army
             to
             take
             up
             their
             Winter
             Quarters
             without
             the
             Cities
             ,
             and
             to
             pitch
             their
             Tents
             in
             the
             fields
             ;
             and
             when
             he
             himself
             first
             of
             all
             ,
             caused
             his
             own
             Pavilion
             to
             be
             raised
             without
             the
             Walls
             ;
             yet
             not
             being
             willing
             to
             
             rely
             totally
             upon
             the
             good
             inclination
             of
             the
             Inhabitants
             ,
             he
             armed
             all
             the
             Romans
             who
             lived
             in
             those
             Countries
             that
             were
             of
             Age
             ,
             and
             undertook
             the
             building
             of
             Ships
             ,
             and
             the
             making
             of
             all
             sorts
             of
             Warlike
             Engins
             ,
             by
             which
             means
             he
             kept
             the
             Cities
             in
             due
             Obedience
             ,
             being
             affable
             and
             courteous
             in
             time
             of
             Peace
             ,
             and
             appearing
             formidable
             to
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             his
             great
             Preparations
             for
             War.
             
          
           
             As
             soon
             as
             he
             was
             informed
             that
             Sylla
             had
             made
             himself
             Master
             of
             Rome
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Party
             which
             sided
             with
             Marius
             and
             Carbo
             was
             utterly
             destroyed
             ,
             he
             expected
             that
             some
             Great
             Commander
             with
             
             a
             considerable
             Army
             would
             speedily
             come
             against
             him
             ,
             and
             therefore
             sent
             away
             
               Julius
               Salinator
            
             immediately
             with
             six
             thousand
             Men
             well
             Armed
             ,
             to
             Guard
             the
             Mountains
             ,
             and
             to
             fortifie
             and
             defend
             the
             narrow
             passages
             of
             the
             Pyrenaeans
             ;
             snd
             
               Caius
               Annius
            
             not
             long
             after
             being
             sent
             out
             by
             Sylla
             ,
             finding
             that
             
               Julius
               Salinator
            
             could
             not
             be
             approached
             unto
             ,
             and
             that
             his
             Camp
             was
             impregnable
             by
             reason
             of
             its
             Situation
             ,
             nor
             to
             be
             forced
             by
             any
             assault
             ,
             he
             sat
             down
             short
             at
             the
             foot
             of
             the
             Mountains
             in
             great
             perplexity
             ;
             but
             
               Calpurnius
               Lanarius
            
             having
             treacherously
             slain
             
               Julius
               Salinator
            
             ,
             and
             his
             Forces
             astonished
             at
             this
             accident
             ,
             forsaking
             
             the
             tops
             of
             the
             
               Pyrenaeans
               ,
               Caius
               Annius
            
             came
             forward
             with
             a
             great
             Army
             ,
             and
             passed
             over
             the
             Mountains
             ,
             and
             forced
             those
             from
             their
             Stations
             who
             endeavoured
             to
             hinder
             his
             March
             ;
             Sertorius
             also
             not
             being
             strong
             enough
             to
             give
             him
             Battel
             ,
             retreated
             with
             three
             thousand
             men
             into
             new
             Carthage
             ,
             where
             he
             took
             Shipping
             ,
             
             and
             crossed
             the
             Seasinto
             Africa
             ,
             and
             coming
             near
             to
             the
             coast
             of
             Mauritania
             ,
             his
             men
             went
             on
             shoar
             to
             water
             ;
             and
             stragling
             about
             negligently
             ,
             the
             Africans
             fell
             upon
             them
             ,
             and
             slew
             a
             great
             number
             .
             This
             new
             misfortune
             forced
             him
             to
             sail
             back
             again
             into
             Spain
             ,
             from
             whence
             he
             was
             also
             repulsed
             ;
             but
             the
             Cilician
             Pyrats
             joyning
             with
             him
             ,
             they
             made
             for
             the
             
             Island
             of
             Pityusa
             ,
             where
             they
             landed
             and
             overpowred
             the
             Garrison
             placed
             therein
             by
             
               Caius
               Annius
            
             ,
             who
             also
             came
             thither
             not
             long
             after
             with
             a
             great
             Fleet
             of
             Ships
             ,
             and
             five
             thousand
             Souldiers
             ,
             and
             Sertorius
             made
             ready
             to
             fight
             him
             by
             Sea
             ,
             although
             his
             Ships
             were
             not
             built
             for
             strength
             ,
             but
             for
             lightness
             and
             swift
             Sayling
             ;
             but
             a
             violent
             West-wind
             raised
             such
             a
             storm
             at
             Sea
             ,
             that
             many
             of
             
             Sertorius's
             Ships
             were
             run
             on
             ground
             ,
             and
             shipwrack'd
             all
             along
             the
             rocky
             Shoars
             ,
             and
             he
             himself
             with
             a
             few
             Vessels
             ,
             being
             kept
             from
             putting
             further
             out
             to
             Sea
             ,
             by
             the
             storms
             and
             fury
             of
             the
             
             Weather
             ,
             and
             hindred
             from
             Landing
             by
             the
             power
             of
             his
             enemies
             ,
             was
             tossed
             about
             for
             ten
             days
             together
             ,
             and
             the
             Seas
             running
             high
             ,
             and
             the
             waves
             being
             boisterous
             and
             violent
             ,
             he
             escaped
             with
             great
             difficulty
             ,
             and
             after
             the
             Wind
             ceased
             ,
             ran
             into
             certain
             desolate
             Islands
             scattered
             about
             in
             those
             Seas
             ,
             affording
             no
             Water
             ,
             from
             whence
             making
             out
             to
             Sea
             again
             ,
             he
             passed
             the
             Streights
             of
             Gadiz
             ;
             between
             the
             Pillars
             of
             Hercules
             ,
             and
             sailing
             outward
             ,
             keeping
             the
             Spanish
             Shoar
             on
             his
             right
             hand
             ,
             he
             landed
             a
             little
             above
             the
             mouth
             of
             the
             River
             
             Baetis
             ,
             where
             it
             falls
             into
             the
             Atlantick
             Sea
             ,
             and
             gives
             the
             Name
             to
             all
             that
             part
             of
             Spain
             .
             Here
             he
             met
             with
             Sea-men
             ,
             newly
             arrived
             from
             two
             Islands
             in
             the
             Atlantick
             ,
             which
             are
             
             divided
             from
             one
             another
             ,
             only
             by
             a
             narrow
             Channel
             ,
             and
             are
             distant
             from
             the
             Coast
             of
             Africa
             ten
             thousand
             Furlongs
             ;
             These
             are
             called
             the
             Fortunate
             Islands
             ,
             
             where
             the
             Rain
             falls
             seldom
             ,
             and
             then
             in
             moderate
             showers
             ,
             but
             for
             the
             most
             part
             they
             have
             gentle
             Breezes
             ,
             bringing
             along
             with
             them
             soft
             dews
             ,
             which
             renders
             the
             Soil
             not
             only
             fat
             ▪
             and
             fit
             to
             be
             ploughed
             ,
             and
             planted
             ;
             but
             so
             abundantly
             fruitful
             ,
             that
             it
             produces
             of
             its
             own
             accord
             Plants
             and
             fruits
             for
             plenty
             and
             delicacy
             ,
             sufficient
             to
             feed
             and
             delight
             the
             Inhabitants
             ,
             who
             
             may
             here
             enjoy
             all
             things
             without
             Trouble
             or
             Labour
             .
             The
             Seasons
             of
             the
             year
             are
             temperate
             ,
             and
             the
             alteration
             from
             Quarter
             to
             Quarter
             so
             moderate
             ,
             that
             the
             Air
             for
             the
             most
             part
             is
             serene
             and
             refreshing
             ,
             and
             the
             Weather
             generally
             fair
             and
             pleasant
             .
             The
             rough
             Northerly
             and
             Eastern
             Winds
             ,
             which
             blow
             towards
             these
             Islands
             from
             the
             Coasts
             of
             Europe
             and
             Africa
             ,
             are
             divided
             and
             dissipated
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             vast
             distance
             ,
             and
             utterly
             lose
             their
             force
             long
             before
             they
             reach
             these
             Parts
             .
             The
             soft
             Western
             and
             Southerly
             Winds
             which
             breath
             upon
             them
             ,
             do
             sometimes
             produce
             gentle
             sprinkling
             Showers
             ,
             but
             for
             the
             most
             part
             they
             calmly
             impregnate
             the
             Earth
             only
             with
             the
             fruitful
             Dews
             ,
             and
             the
             nourishing
             Moisture
             of
             the
             Air
             ,
             which
             they
             bring
             along
             with
             them
             from
             the
             Sea
             ;
             so
             that
             it
             is
             firmly
             believed
             ,
             even
             by
             the
             barbarous
             People
             themselves
             ,
             that
             this
             is
             the
             seat
             of
             the
             Blessed
             ,
             and
             that
             these
             are
             the
             Elysian
             Fields
             highly
             celebrated
             by
             Homer
             .
          
           
             As
             soon
             as
             Sertorius
             heard
             this
             Account
             ,
             
             he
             was
             seized
             with
             a
             wonderful
             affection
             for
             these
             Islands
             ,
             and
             had
             an
             extreme
             desire
             to
             live
             there
             in
             peace
             and
             quietness
             ,
             far
             from
             the
             noise
             of
             Wars
             ,
             and
             free
             from
             the
             Troubles
             of
             Government
             ;
             but
             his
             inclinations
             being
             perceived
             by
             the
             Cilician
             
             Pirates
             ,
             who
             desire
             neither
             Peace
             nor
             Quiet
             ,
             but
             rove
             after
             Riches
             and
             Spoils
             ,
             they
             immediately
             forsook
             him
             ,
             and
             sailed
             away
             into
             Africa
             ,
             to
             assist
             Ascalis
             the
             Son
             of
             Iptha
             ,
             and
             to
             help
             to
             re-establish
             him
             in
             the
             Throne
             of
             his
             Father
             ,
             and
             to
             restore
             him
             to
             his
             Kingdom
             of
             Mauritania
             .
          
           
             The
             sudden
             departure
             of
             the
             Cilicians
             ,
             did
             no
             ways
             discourage
             Sertorius
             ,
             or
             cause
             him
             to
             desist
             from
             further
             Attempts
             ;
             for
             he
             presently
             resolved
             to
             assist
             the
             Enemies
             of
             Ascalis
             ,
             and
             by
             this
             new
             Adventure
             kept
             his
             Soldiers
             together
             ,
             who
             from
             hence
             conceived
             new
             Hopes
             of
             their
             future
             Prosperity
             ,
             and
             began
             to
             have
             better
             prospect
             of
             their
             Affairs
             .
             His
             arrival
             in
             Mauritania
             being
             very
             acceptable
             to
             the
             Moors
             ,
             he
             lost
             no
             time
             ,
             but
             immediately
             giving
             Battle
             to
             Ascalis
             ,
             beat
             him
             out
             of
             the
             Field
             ,
             and
             besieged
             him
             ;
             and
             Pacciacus
             being
             sent
             by
             Sylla
             with
             a
             Powerfull
             supply
             to
             raise
             the
             Siege
             ,
             Sertorius
             slew
             him
             in
             the
             field
             ,
             and
             overthrew
             all
             his
             Forces
             ,
             with
             this
             great
             advantage
             ,
             that
             he
             not
             
             only
             took
             the
             whole
             Roman
             Army
             Prisoners
             ,
             but
             also
             forced
             the
             City
             of
             Tingis
             ,
             where
             Ascalis
             and
             his
             Brothers
             were
             fled
             for
             refuge
             .
             The
             Africans
             report
             that
             Antaeus
             was
             buried
             in
             this
             City
             ,
             a
             Gyant
             of
             a
             wonderfull
             stature
             ,
             but
             Sertorius
             being
             
             unwilling
             to
             trust
             common
             Fame
             ,
             which
             
             gave
             out
             that
             his
             Body
             was
             of
             a
             most
             Prodigious
             length
             ,
             he
             caused
             his
             Sepulchre
             to
             be
             opened
             ,
             and
             finding
             that
             his
             Corps
             was
             effectually
             full
             threescore
             Cubits
             long
             ,
             he
             was
             infinitely
             astonished
             ,
             and
             immediately
             offered
             up
             Sacrifice
             to
             the
             Gods
             ,
             and
             closed
             up
             the
             Tomb
             again
             ,
             whereby
             he
             confirmed
             the
             report
             of
             the
             Inhabitants
             ,
             increased
             the
             Fame
             of
             the
             Sepulchre
             ,
             and
             added
             new
             honours
             to
             the
             Memory
             of
             Antaeus
             .
             The
             Africans
             further
             alledge
             that
             after
             the
             Death
             of
             Antaeus
             his
             Wife
             Tinga
             lived
             with
             Hercules
             ,
             and
             had
             a
             Son
             by
             him
             called
             Sophax
             ,
             who
             was
             King
             of
             these
             Countries
             ,
             and
             gave
             his
             Mothers
             name
             to
             this
             City
             ,
             whose
             Son
             also
             was
             Diodorus
             a
             great
             Conqueror
             ,
             who
             subdued
             many
             other
             Regions
             ,
             and
             brought
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             Africa
             under
             his
             Subjection
             ,
             with
             an
             Army
             of
             Greeks
             ,
             which
             he
             raised
             out
             of
             the
             Colonies
             of
             the
             Olbianians
             and
             Myceneans
             placed
             here
             by
             Hercules
             .
             I
             mention
             these
             passages
             for
             the
             sake
             of
             King
             Juba
             ,
             the
             most
             excellent
             Historian
             of
             any
             Prince
             that
             ever
             yet
             hath
             honoured
             History
             with
             his
             own
             Pen
             ,
             and
             who
             numbers
             for
             his
             Progenitors
             a
             long
             Race
             of
             Mauritanian
             Kings
             .
             Who
             derive
             their
             Genealogies
             from
             Diodorus
             and
             Sephax
             ,
             and
             are
             lineally
             descended
             from
             Hercules
             .
          
           
           
             When
             Sertorius
             had
             made
             himself
             absolute
             Master
             of
             the
             whole
             Country
             ,
             he
             was
             very
             just
             to
             those
             who
             had
             confided
             in
             him
             ,
             and
             shew'd
             not
             the
             least
             unkindness
             to
             others
             ,
             who
             yielded
             to
             his
             Mercy
             ,
             but
             restored
             to
             them
             their
             Estates
             ,
             their
             Cities
             ,
             their
             Laws
             and
             Priviledges
             ,
             accepting
             only
             of
             such
             acknowledgments
             as
             they
             themselves
             freely
             offered
             .
             And
             whilst
             he
             considered
             which
             way
             next
             to
             turn
             his
             Arms
             ,
             the
             Lusitanians
             sent
             Ambassadors
             
             to
             desire
             him
             to
             be
             their
             General
             ,
             for
             being
             terrified
             with
             the
             Roman
             Power
             ,
             and
             finding
             the
             necessity
             of
             having
             a
             Commander
             of
             great
             Authority
             and
             experience
             in
             war
             ,
             being
             also
             sufficiently
             informed
             of
             his
             Worth
             and
             Valour
             ,
             by
             those
             who
             had
             formerly
             served
             him
             ,
             they
             were
             extremely
             desirous
             to
             commit
             themselves
             and
             their
             Fortunes
             wholly
             to
             his
             care
             ,
             and
             humbly
             beseeched
             him
             to
             accept
             of
             the
             Command
             .
             And
             to
             give
             a
             true
             Character
             of
             Sertorius
             ,
             he
             was
             of
             a
             temper
             not
             to
             be
             surprized
             with
             fear
             ,
             nor
             easie
             to
             be
             Captivated
             with
             pleasure
             ,
             in
             Adversity
             and
             Dangers
             undaunted
             ,
             and
             no
             ways
             puffed
             up
             with
             Prosperity
             ,
             but
             of
             an
             even
             Mind
             ,
             Courteous
             and
             Obliging
             .
             Upon
             a
             sudden
             Assault
             or
             dangerous
             Attempt
             ,
             no
             Commander
             in
             his
             time
             was
             more
             bold
             and
             daring
             ,
             for
             whatever
             was
             to
             be
             performed
             
             in
             War
             by
             Deceit
             ,
             Circumvention
             ,
             or
             Surprize
             ;
             or
             if
             any
             strong
             place
             was
             to
             be
             taken
             in
             any
             pass
             to
             be
             gained
             speedily
             ,
             any
             sudden
             Invasion
             or
             Inroad
             to
             be
             made
             ,
             he
             was
             a
             most
             notable
             Contriver
             ,
             and
             politick
             Advancer
             of
             all
             such
             intricate
             and
             difficult
             Designs
             ,
             in
             bestowing
             Rewards
             ,
             and
             conferring
             Honours
             upon
             those
             who
             had
             performed
             good
             service
             in
             the
             Wars
             .
             He
             was
             Bountifull
             and
             Magnificent
             even
             to
             Prodigality
             ,
             but
             very
             sparing
             and
             backward
             in
             punishing
             Crimes
             ,
             and
             Mild
             and
             Mercifull
             to
             Offenders
             ;
             yet
             that
             piece
             of
             Harshness
             and
             Cruelty
             ,
             which
             he
             executed
             in
             the
             latter
             part
             of
             his
             Days
             ,
             upon
             the
             Spanish
             Hostages
             ,
             seems
             to
             argue
             ,
             that
             his
             Clemency
             was
             not
             Natural
             ,
             but
             only
             acted
             and
             handsomely
             dissembled
             ,
             as
             his
             Occasions
             or
             Necessity
             required
             ;
             and
             as
             to
             my
             own
             Opinion
             ,
             I
             am
             perswaded
             that
             sincere
             Vertue
             established
             by
             Reason
             and
             Mature
             Judgment
             ,
             can
             never
             be
             totally
             Perverted
             or
             Extirpated
             by
             any
             Misfortune
             whatever
             .
             Not
             that
             I
             think
             it
             impossible
             but
             that
             great
             Indignities
             offered
             without
             cause
             ,
             and
             frequent
             Abuses
             put
             upon
             those
             of
             the
             best
             Nature
             ,
             and
             most
             vertuous
             Inclinations
             ,
             may
             make
             some
             impression
             and
             alteration
             in
             their
             Temper
             ;
             and
             thus
             I
             suppose
             it
             happened
             to
             Sertorius
             ,
             who
             being
             exasperated
             by
             
             the
             repeated
             Injuries
             of
             ungratefull
             Persons
             ,
             he
             was
             at
             last
             severe
             to
             those
             who
             had
             unworthily
             injured
             him
             .
          
           
             The
             Lusitanians
             having
             sent
             for
             Sertorius
             ,
             he
             left
             Africa
             ,
             and
             being
             made
             General
             with
             absolute
             Power
             and
             Authority
             ,
             he
             ordered
             all
             things
             for
             the
             best
             Advantage
             ,
             and
             brought
             the
             Neighbouring
             Parts
             of
             Spain
             under
             his
             Subjection
             ;
             many
             Countries
             also
             voluntarily
             submitted
             themselves
             won
             by
             the
             Fame
             of
             his
             Clemency
             ,
             and
             of
             his
             Martial
             Performances
             .
             Upon
             some
             Occasions
             also
             he
             would
             not
             fail
             to
             invent
             strange
             Artifices
             to
             please
             the
             People
             ,
             and
             to
             make
             use
             of
             alluring
             Devices
             ,
             and
             even
             of
             deluding
             Impostures
             ,
             amongst
             which
             certainly
             that
             of
             the
             Hind
             
             was
             none
             of
             the
             least
             .
             Spanus
             a
             Country-man
             ,
             who
             lived
             in
             those
             Parts
             ,
             meeting
             by
             chance
             a
             Hind
             that
             had
             newly
             Calved
             ,
             flying
             from
             the
             Hunters
             ,
             he
             let
             the
             Dam
             go
             ,
             and
             pursuing
             the
             Hind-calf
             ,
             took
             it
             ,
             being
             wonderfully
             pleased
             with
             the
             Rarity
             of
             it
             ,
             and
             the
             strangeness
             of
             the
             Colour
             ,
             which
             was
             all
             milk-white
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             same
             time
             Sertorius
             keeping
             his
             Court
             in
             those
             Parts
             and
             receiving
             courteously
             such
             Presents
             of
             Fruit
             ,
             Fowl
             or
             Venison
             as
             the
             Country
             afforded
             ,
             and
             rewarding
             liberally
             those
             who
             presented
             them
             ,
             the
             Country-man
             brought
             him
             his
             young
             Hind
             ,
             which
             
             he
             kindly
             accepted
             ,
             and
             was
             much
             taken
             with
             it
             at
             the
             first
             sight
             ,
             but
             when
             in
             time
             he
             had
             made
             it
             so
             tame
             and
             gentle
             ,
             that
             it
             would
             come
             when
             he
             called
             ,
             and
             follow
             him
             wheresoever
             he
             went
             ,
             and
             could
             endure
             the
             Noise
             and
             Tumult
             of
             the
             Camp
             ;
             knowing
             well
             that
             Barbarous
             People
             are
             naturally
             prone
             to
             Superstition
             ,
             by
             Degrees
             he
             gave
             out
             that
             it
             was
             inspired
             with
             a
             Deity
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             given
             him
             by
             the
             Goddess
             Diana
             ,
             that
             it
             discovered
             to
             him
             hidden
             Mysteries
             ,
             and
             revealed
             to
             him
             what
             was
             to
             come
             to
             pass
             hereafter
             :
             To
             which
             also
             he
             added
             these
             further
             Contrivances
             ;
             if
             he
             had
             received
             at
             any
             time
             private
             Intelligence
             ,
             that
             the
             Enemies
             had
             made
             an
             Incursion
             into
             those
             Provinces
             which
             were
             under
             his
             Command
             ,
             or
             had
             sollicited
             any
             City
             to
             revolt
             ,
             he
             pretended
             that
             the
             Hind
             had
             informed
             him
             of
             it
             in
             his
             sleep
             ,
             and
             charged
             him
             to
             keep
             his
             Forces
             in
             readiness
             ;
             or
             if
             otherwise
             he
             had
             notice
             that
             any
             of
             the
             Commanders
             under
             him
             had
             got
             a
             Victory
             ,
             he
             would
             hide
             the
             Messengers
             ,
             and
             bring
             forth
             the
             Hind
             crowned
             with
             flowers
             ,
             for
             joy
             of
             the
             good
             News
             that
             was
             to
             come
             ,
             and
             would
             encourage
             them
             to
             Rejoyce
             and
             Sacrifice
             to
             the
             Gods
             for
             the
             good
             account
             they
             should
             soon
             receive
             of
             their
             Prosperous
             Success
             ,
             and
             by
             those
             Inventions
             filling
             their
             
             Heads
             with
             strange
             Imaginations
             ,
             and
             the
             thoughts
             of
             Miracles
             ,
             he
             brought
             them
             to
             be
             more
             Tractable
             and
             Obedient
             in
             all
             things
             ;
             for
             now
             they
             thought
             themselves
             no
             longer
             to
             be
             led
             by
             a
             Stranger
             ,
             but
             rather
             conducted
             by
             a
             Hero
             ,
             or
             one
             nearly
             related
             to
             a
             God.
             Considering
             also
             that
             his
             Power
             dayly
             encreased
             contrary
             to
             all
             Humane
             Reason
             or
             Probability
             .
             For
             with
             two
             thousand
             five
             hundred
             ,
             which
             for
             Honour's
             sake
             he
             called
             Romans
             ,
             joyned
             with
             seven
             hundred
             Africans
             ,
             who
             landed
             with
             him
             when
             he
             first
             entred
             Lusitania
             ,
             together
             with
             four
             thousand
             foot
             ,
             and
             seven
             hundred
             Horse
             ,
             he
             made
             War
             with
             four
             Roman
             Generals
             ,
             who
             commanded
             a
             hundred
             and
             twenty
             thousand
             Foot
             ,
             six
             thousand
             Horse
             ,
             two
             thousand
             Archers
             ,
             and
             Slingers
             ,
             and
             Cities
             innumerable
             ,
             whereas
             at
             the
             first
             he
             had
             not
             above
             twenty
             Cities
             in
             all
             ,
             and
             from
             this
             weak
             and
             slender
             beginning
             ,
             he
             became
             afterwards
             so
             considerable
             
             that
             he
             took
             many
             good
             Cities
             and
             overcame
             Great
             and
             Powerfull
             Countries
             .
             Of
             the
             Roman
             Commanders
             which
             were
             sent
             against
             him
             ,
             he
             overthrew
             Cotta
             in
             a
             Sea-fight
             ,
             in
             the
             Channel
             near
             the
             
             City
             of
             Mellaria
             ,
             he
             routed
             Phidius
             chief
             Commander
             of
             
               Hispania
               Baetica
            
             ,
             and
             slew
             two
             thousand
             Romans
             near
             the
             Banks
             of
             the
             River
             
               Baetis
               .
               Domitius
            
             and
             
               Lucius
               Manlius
            
             Proconsul
             of
             another
             Province
             of
             Spain
             ,
             were
             overthrown
             in
             a
             set
             Battle
             by
             one
             of
             his
             Lieutenants
             ,
             he
             slew
             Toranius
             a
             Commander
             sent
             against
             him
             by
             Metellus
             with
             a
             great
             Force
             ,
             and
             destroyed
             his
             whole
             Army
             ;
             and
             Metellus
             the
             greatest
             General
             in
             those
             Times
             ,
             and
             a
             Person
             of
             the
             most
             approved
             Experience
             of
             any
             Roman
             then
             living
             ,
             was
             often
             supplanted
             and
             circumvented
             by
             him
             ,
             and
             reduced
             to
             such
             extremities
             that
             he
             was
             forced
             to
             call
             
               Lucius
               Lollius
            
             to
             his
             assistance
             out
             of
             
               Gallia
               Narbonensis
            
             ,
             and
             Rome
             it self
             being
             alarmed
             and
             terrified
             ,
             parted
             with
             her
             beloved
             Pompey
             the
             Great
             ,
             and
             sent
             him
             into
             
             Spain
             in
             all
             haste
             with
             the
             most
             considerable
             Forces
             of
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             .
             Nor
             did
             Metellus
             know
             which
             way
             to
             turn
             himself
             ,
             having
             to
             do
             with
             a
             man
             of
             undaunted
             Boldness
             and
             Sagacity
             ,
             who
             was
             continually
             molesting
             him
             ,
             and
             yet
             could
             not
             be
             brought
             to
             a
             set
             battle
             ,
             but
             by
             the
             swiftness
             and
             dexterity
             of
             his
             Spanish
             Soldiery
             he
             was
             able
             to
             change
             his
             Station
             ,
             and
             to
             cast
             his
             Army
             into
             all
             Forms
             and
             Figures
             ,
             to
             lead
             them
             on
             ,
             and
             bring
             them
             off
             again
             ,
             and
             wind
             himself
             out
             of
             all
             
             Streights
             and
             Difficulties
             ;
             and
             although
             Metellus
             had
             great
             Experience
             in
             conducting
             entire
             well
             appointed
             Legions
             ,
             and
             was
             an
             excellent
             Commander
             of
             Soldiers
             armed
             with
             heavy
             Armour
             ,
             and
             drawn
             up
             in
             due
             order
             into
             a
             standing
             Phalanx
             able
             to
             encounter
             the
             Enemy
             hand
             to
             hand
             ,
             and
             overpower
             them
             by
             clear
             Force
             ,
             yet
             he
             was
             no
             way
             able
             to
             climb
             up
             steep
             Hills
             ,
             and
             be
             continually
             upon
             the
             pursuit
             of
             a
             swift
             Enemy
             ,
             or
             attend
             the
             speedy
             Marches
             of
             Men
             that
             were
             accustomed
             to
             range
             about
             the
             Mountains
             ,
             to
             endure
             Hunger
             and
             Thirst
             ,
             and
             to
             live
             expos'd
             to
             the
             Wind
             and
             Weather
             without
             Fire
             or
             Covering
             ;
             Besides
             that
             ,
             Metellus
             being
             now
             in
             years
             ,
             and
             having
             been
             formerly
             engaged
             in
             many
             Fights
             and
             dangerous
             Conflicts
             ,
             he
             was
             now
             inclinable
             to
             lead
             a
             more
             remiss
             ,
             easie
             ,
             and
             voluptuous
             Life
             ,
             and
             was
             the
             less
             able
             to
             contend
             with
             Sertorius
             who
             was
             in
             the
             Flower
             and
             Strength
             of
             his
             Youth
             ,
             full
             of
             Spirit
             and
             Life
             ,
             and
             had
             a
             Body
             wonderfully
             fitted
             for
             War
             ,
             being
             strong
             ,
             active
             ,
             and
             temperate
             ,
             continually
             accustomed
             to
             endure
             hard
             Labour
             ,
             to
             take
             long
             ,
             tedious
             Journeys
             ,
             to
             pass
             many
             Nights
             together
             without
             Sleep
             ,
             to
             eat
             little
             ,
             and
             to
             be
             satisfied
             with
             very
             coarse
             Fare
             ,
             and
             was
             never
             stained
             with
             the
             least
             Excess
             in
             Wine
             ,
             even
             when
             he
             was
             most
             at
             leisure
             ,
             but
             what
             
             time
             he
             had
             to
             spare
             ,
             he
             spent
             in
             hunting
             ,
             and
             riding
             into
             all
             Parts
             ;
             whereby
             he
             understood
             the
             Course
             of
             the
             Country
             ,
             the
             Situation
             of
             all
             places
             ,
             and
             where
             there
             were
             passages
             ,
             and
             where
             not
             ;
             with
             this
             advantage
             to
             himself
             ,
             that
             when
             he
             could
             not
             maintain
             the
             Fight
             ,
             he
             knew
             which
             way
             to
             fly
             and
             escape
             ,
             and
             where
             certainly
             to
             ensnare
             and
             encompass
             his
             Enemy
             ,
             when
             Victory
             accompanied
             his
             Arms
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             those
             with
             Metellus
             suffered
             all
             inconveniences
             like
             Men
             that
             were
             conquered
             ,
             although
             he
             earnestly
             desired
             to
             fight
             ,
             and
             Sertorius
             (
             though
             he
             refused
             the
             Field
             )
             reap'd
             all
             the
             advantages
             of
             a
             Conqueror
             ;
             for
             he
             hindered
             them
             from
             Foraging
             ,
             and
             cut
             off
             all
             Provision
             ;
             if
             they
             proceeded
             forward
             he
             stopped
             their
             March
             ,
             if
             they
             stayed
             in
             any
             place
             and
             encamped
             ,
             he
             continually
             molested
             and
             alarmed
             them
             ;
             if
             they
             besieged
             any
             Town
             he
             presently
             appeared
             and
             besieged
             them
             again
             ,
             and
             reduced
             them
             to
             great
             Extremities
             for
             want
             of
             necessaries
             ,
             whereby
             he
             wearied
             out
             the
             Roman
             Army
             ,
             and
             reduced
             them
             to
             so
             low
             
             and
             despairing
             a
             condition
             ,
             that
             when
             Sertorius
             challenged
             Metellus
             to
             fight
             singly
             with
             him
             ,
             they
             commended
             him
             ,
             and
             cryed
             out
             it
             was
             a
             Fair
             Offer
             for
             a
             Roman
             to
             fight
             against
             a
             Roman
             ,
             and
             a
             General
             against
             a
             General
             ,
             and
             when
             Metellus
             refused
             
             the
             Challenge
             ,
             they
             reproached
             him
             ,
             but
             Metellus
             derided
             and
             contemned
             them
             ,
             in
             doing
             which
             he
             did
             well
             ;
             for
             as
             Theophrastus
             observes
             ,
             a
             General
             should
             die
             like
             a
             General
             ,
             and
             not
             like
             a
             Gladiator
             .
          
           
             Metellus
             perceiving
             that
             the
             City
             of
             the
             Lagobrites
             ,
             which
             gave
             great
             assistance
             to
             Sertorius
             ,
             might
             easily
             be
             taken
             for
             want
             of
             water
             ,
             (
             there
             being
             but
             one
             Well
             within
             the
             Walls
             )
             and
             that
             whosoever
             besieg'd
             the
             Place
             ,
             would
             make
             himself
             Master
             of
             the
             Springs
             and
             Fountains
             in
             the
             Suburbs
             ,
             he
             hoped
             to
             force
             the
             Town
             in
             two
             days
             time
             ,
             there
             being
             no
             more
             water
             ,
             and
             gave
             command
             to
             his
             Soldiers
             to
             take
             five
             days
             Provisions
             only
             ;
             but
             Sertorius
             resolving
             to
             send
             speedy
             relief
             ,
             ordered
             two
             thousand
             Vessels
             to
             be
             filled
             with
             water
             ,
             and
             a
             good
             Reward
             for
             the
             carriage
             of
             every
             Vessel
             ,
             and
             many
             Spaniards
             and
             Moors
             undertaking
             
             the
             work
             ,
             he
             chose
             out
             those
             who
             were
             the
             strongest
             and
             swiftest
             of
             Foot
             ,
             and
             sent
             them
             through
             the
             Mountains
             ,
             with
             order
             ,
             that
             when
             they
             had
             delivered
             the
             water
             ,
             they
             should
             remove
             and
             convey
             away
             privately
             all
             those
             who
             would
             be
             least
             serviceable
             in
             the
             Siege
             ,
             that
             there
             might
             be
             water
             sufficient
             for
             the
             Defendants
             .
             As
             soon
             as
             Metellus
             understood
             this
             ,
             he
             was
             highly
             disturbed
             ,
             and
             when
             he
             had
             spent
             most
             part
             of
             the
             necessary
             Provisions
             for
             
             his
             Army
             ,
             he
             sent
             out
             Aquinus
             with
             six
             thousand
             Soldiers
             to
             fetch
             in
             fresh
             Supplies
             :
             but
             Sertorius
             having
             notice
             of
             it
             ,
             laid
             an
             Ambush
             for
             him
             ,
             and
             having
             sent
             out
             beforehand
             three
             thousand
             men
             ,
             which
             he
             placed
             within
             a
             shady
             Vally
             ,
             in
             a
             Channel
             which
             had
             been
             made
             hollow
             by
             the
             rapid
             fall
             of
             Water
             from
             the
             Hills
             ;
             they
             set
             upon
             the
             Rear
             of
             Aquinus
             in
             his
             Return
             ,
             while
             Sertorius
             charging
             him
             in
             the
             Front
             ,
             destroyed
             part
             of
             his
             Army
             ,
             and
             took
             the
             rest
             Prisoners
             ,
             Aquinus
             only
             escaping
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             been
             thrown
             from
             his
             Horse
             ,
             and
             lost
             his
             Armour
             ,
             and
             Metellus
             being
             forced
             shamefully
             to
             raise
             the
             Siege
             ,
             became
             the
             Laughter
             and
             Contempt
             of
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             and
             Sertorius
             the
             Object
             of
             their
             Esteem
             ,
             Love
             and
             Admiration
             .
             He
             was
             also
             highly
             honoured
             for
             his
             instituting
             a
             right
             Discipline
             ,
             and
             good
             Order
             amongst
             them
             ;
             for
             he
             altered
             their
             furious
             savage
             manner
             of
             Fighting
             ,
             and
             brought
             them
             to
             make
             use
             of
             the
             Roman
             Armour
             ,
             taught
             them
             to
             keep
             their
             Ranks
             ,
             and
             follow
             their
             Ensigns
             ,
             and
             out
             of
             a
             confus'd
             Number
             of
             Thieves
             and
             Robbers
             ,
             he
             constituted
             a
             regular
             well
             disciplin'd
             Army
             :
             he
             afterwards
             bestowed
             Silver
             and
             Gold
             upon
             them
             liberally
             to
             gild
             and
             adorn
             their
             Helmets
             ,
             he
             caused
             their
             Shields
             to
             be
             wrought
             ,
             and
             engraved
             with
             various
             Figures
             and
             Designs
             ,
             
             he
             brought
             them
             into
             the
             Mode
             of
             wearing
             flowered
             and
             richly
             embroidered
             Cloaths
             ,
             and
             by
             courting
             them
             ,
             by
             paying
             their
             Expences
             ,
             by
             conversing
             familiarly
             with
             them
             ,
             he
             won
             the
             Hearts
             of
             all
             ,
             and
             led
             them
             whither
             he
             pleased
             ,
             but
             that
             which
             delighted
             them
             most
             ,
             was
             the
             Care
             that
             he
             took
             of
             their
             Children
             ,
             when
             he
             sent
             for
             all
             the
             Noblemen's
             Sons
             in
             those
             Parts
             ,
             and
             placed
             them
             in
             the
             great
             City
             of
             Osca
             ,
             where
             he
             appointed
             Masters
             to
             instruct
             
             them
             in
             the
             Grecian
             and
             Roman
             Learning
             ,
             that
             when
             they
             came
             to
             be
             men
             they
             might
             be
             fitted
             to
             share
             with
             him
             in
             Authority
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             ,
             although
             under
             this
             pretence
             of
             their
             better
             Education
             ,
             he
             really
             made
             them
             Hostages
             and
             Sureties
             for
             their
             Country
             ;
             however
             their
             Fathers
             were
             wonderfully
             pleased
             to
             see
             their
             Children
             going
             daily
             to
             the
             Schools
             in
             good
             order
             ,
             handsomely
             dressed
             in
             fine
             long
             Garments
             edged
             with
             Purple
             ,
             and
             that
             Sertorius
             paid
             a
             Sallary
             for
             their
             Learning
             ;
             examin'd
             them
             often
             ,
             distributed
             Rewards
             to
             the
             most
             deserving
             ,
             and
             gave
             them
             Jewels
             to
             hang
             about
             their
             Necks
             ,
             and
             Golden
             Bosses
             which
             the
             Romans
             called
             Bullae
             .
          
           
             There
             being
             a
             Custom
             in
             Spain
             ,
             that
             
             when
             a
             great
             Commander
             was
             slain
             in
             Battle
             ,
             those
             who
             attended
             his
             Person
             fought
             
             it
             out
             till
             they
             all
             died
             with
             him
             ,
             which
             the
             Inhabitants
             of
             those
             Countries
             called
             an
             Offering
             ,
             or
             a
             pouring
             out
             of
             Blood
             in
             Sacrifice
             .
             There
             were
             few
             Commanders
             that
             had
             any
             considerable
             Guard
             or
             Number
             of
             Attendants
             ;
             but
             Sertorius
             had
             many
             thousands
             who
             offered
             up
             themselves
             ,
             and
             vowed
             to
             sacrifice
             their
             Lives
             ,
             and
             spend
             their
             Bloods
             with
             his
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             reported
             that
             when
             his
             Army
             was
             defeated
             near
             to
             a
             City
             in
             Spain
             ,
             and
             the
             Enemy
             pressed
             hard
             upon
             them
             ,
             the
             Spaniards
             took
             no
             care
             for
             themselves
             ,
             but
             being
             totally
             sollicitous
             to
             save
             Sertorius
             ,
             they
             took
             him
             up
             on
             their
             Shoulders
             and
             passed
             him
             from
             one
             to
             another
             ,
             till
             they
             carried
             him
             into
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             when
             they
             had
             thus
             placed
             their
             General
             in
             safety
             ,
             every
             one
             provided
             afterwards
             for
             his
             own
             security
             .
          
           
             Nor
             were
             the
             Spaniards
             alone
             ambitious
             
             to
             serve
             him
             ,
             but
             the
             Roman
             Soldiers
             also
             that
             came
             out
             of
             Italy
             were
             impatient
             to
             be
             under
             his
             Command
             ,
             and
             when
             Perpenna
             ,
             who
             was
             of
             the
             same
             Faction
             with
             Sertorius
             ,
             came
             into
             Spain
             with
             great
             Riches
             ,
             and
             a
             good
             Army
             ,
             and
             designed
             to
             make
             War
             against
             Metellus
             in
             a
             distinct
             Body
             by
             himself
             ,
             his
             own
             Soldiers
             opposed
             it
             ,
             and
             discoursed
             continually
             of
             the
             great
             Fame
             and
             Merit
             of
             Sertorius
             ;
             which
             was
             no
             small
             Mortification
             to
             Perpenna
             ,
             who
             
             was
             puffed
             up
             with
             the
             Grandeur
             of
             his
             Family
             and
             his
             Riches
             .
             When
             they
             afterwards
             understood
             also
             that
             Pompey
             the
             Great
             had
             passed
             the
             Pyrenaens
             ,
             they
             took
             up
             their
             Arms
             ,
             laid
             hold
             on
             their
             Ensigns
             ,
             called
             upon
             Perpenna
             to
             lead
             them
             to
             Sertorius
             ,
             and
             threatned
             him
             that
             if
             he
             refused
             it
             ,
             they
             would
             go
             and
             place
             themselves
             under
             a
             Commander
             who
             was
             sufficiently
             able
             to
             defend
             himself
             and
             those
             that
             serv'd
             him
             ,
             which
             forced
             Perpenna
             to
             yield
             to
             
             their
             desires
             ,
             who
             immediately
             joining
             with
             Sertorius
             ,
             added
             to
             his
             Army
             three
             and
             fifty
             Cohorts
             ;
             and
             when
             all
             the
             Cities
             on
             this
             side
             of
             the
             River
             Iberus
             also
             united
             their
             Forces
             together
             under
             his
             Command
             ,
             his
             Army
             grew
             great
             ,
             for
             they
             flocked
             together
             ,
             and
             flowed
             in
             upon
             him
             from
             all
             Quarters
             ;
             but
             when
             they
             continually
             cried
             out
             to
             charge
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             were
             impatient
             of
             Delay
             ,
             their
             unexperienced
             Rashness
             was
             troublesome
             to
             Sertorius
             ,
             who
             at
             first
             strove
             to
             restrain
             them
             with
             Reason
             and
             good
             Counsel
             ,
             but
             when
             he
             perceived
             them
             refractory
             and
             unseasonably
             violent
             ,
             he
             gave
             way
             to
             their
             impetuous
             Desires
             ,
             and
             permitted
             them
             to
             engage
             with
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             in
             such
             sort
             ,
             that
             being
             repulsed
             yet
             not
             totally
             routed
             ,
             he
             hoped
             they
             would
             become
             more
             obedient
             to
             his
             Commands
             for
             the
             futue
             ;
             which
             happ'ning
             as
             
             he
             conjectured
             ,
             he
             soon
             rescued
             them
             ,
             and
             brought
             them
             safe
             into
             his
             Camp
             ;
             and
             after
             a
             few
             days
             being
             willing
             to
             encourage
             them
             again
             ,
             when
             he
             had
             called
             all
             his
             Army
             together
             ,
             he
             caused
             two
             Horses
             to
             be
             brought
             into
             the
             Field
             ,
             one
             an
             old
             ,
             feeble
             ,
             lean
             Jade
             ,
             the
             other
             a
             lusty
             strong
             Horse
             ,
             with
             a
             very
             fair
             ,
             thick
             ,
             long
             Tail
             ;
             near
             to
             to
             the
             lean
             Jade
             he
             placed
             a
             tall
             strong
             man
             ,
             and
             near
             to
             the
             strong
             young
             Horse
             a
             weak
             ,
             little
             ,
             despicable
             Fellow
             to
             look
             upon
             ,
             and
             at
             a
             Sign
             given
             ,
             the
             strong
             Man
             took
             hold
             of
             the
             weak
             Horses
             Tayl
             with
             both
             his
             hands
             ,
             and
             drew
             it
             to
             him
             with
             his
             whole
             force
             ,
             as
             if
             he
             would
             presently
             pull
             it
             off
             ;
             the
             other
             little
             weak
             Fellow
             in
             the
             mean
             time
             fell
             to
             plucking
             off
             hair
             by
             hair
             from
             the
             great
             Horses
             Tail
             ;
             and
             when
             the
             strong
             man
             had
             given
             trouble
             enough
             to
             himself
             in
             vain
             ,
             and
             sufficient
             divertisement
             to
             the
             Company
             ,
             and
             had
             given
             over
             his
             intent
             ,
             whilst
             the
             weak
             pitiful
             Wretch
             in
             a
             short
             time
             and
             with
             little
             pains
             had
             left
             never
             a
             hair
             on
             the
             great
             Horses
             Tail.
             Sertorius
             rose
             up
             ,
             and
             spake
             to
             his
             Army
             after
             this
             manner
             .
             You
             see
             Fellow
             .
             Soldiers
             ,
             that
             Ingenuity
             is
             greater
             than
             Force
             ,
             and
             Perseverance
             more
             prevailing
             than
             Violence
             .
             Many
             things
             which
             cannot
             be
             overcome
             when
             they
             are
             together
             ,
             do
             yield
             themselves
             up
             by
             degrees
             when
             they
             are
             separated
             ,
             
             Assiduity
             and
             continued
             Diligence
             is
             resistless
             ,
             and
             in
             time
             overthrows
             and
             destroys
             the
             greatest
             Powers
             whatever
             ;
             Time
             being
             the
             favourable
             Friend
             and
             Assistant
             of
             those
             ,
             who
             through
             mature
             Judgment
             understand
             aright
             how
             to
             take
             their
             best
             Advantages
             ;
             and
             the
             destructive
             Enemy
             of
             those
             who
             are
             unseasonably
             urging
             and
             pressing
             forward
             ;
             with
             such
             like
             Inventions
             and
             Discourses
             ,
             wherewith
             he
             frequently
             entertained
             them
             ,
             he
             brideled
             the
             rash
             fierceness
             of
             the
             Barbarous
             People
             ,
             and
             taught
             them
             to
             attend
             and
             to
             watch
             for
             their
             best
             Opportunities
             of
             Fighting
             .
          
           
             But
             of
             all
             his
             Remarkable
             Exploits
             ,
             and
             
             wonderful
             Stratagems
             in
             War
             ,
             none
             raised
             greater
             Admiration
             in
             all
             ,
             than
             that
             which
             he
             put
             in
             practice
             against
             the
             Characitanians
             ;
             these
             are
             a
             People
             beyond
             the
             River
             Tagus
             ,
             who
             inhabited
             neither
             Cites
             nor
             Towns
             ,
             but
             liv'd
             in
             a
             vast
             high
             Hill
             ,
             within
             the
             deep
             Dens
             and
             Caves
             of
             the
             Rocks
             ,
             the
             Mouths
             of
             which
             open
             all
             towards
             the
             North
             ,
             the
             Country
             below
             it
             is
             a
             clayish
             ,
             chalky
             Soyl
             ,
             and
             being
             also
             light
             ,
             full
             of
             Pores
             ,
             and
             spungy
             ,
             it
             is
             apt
             to
             be
             crummed
             and
             broken
             into
             Powder
             ,
             and
             is
             not
             firm
             enough
             to
             bear
             any
             one
             that
             treads
             upon
             it
             ,
             and
             if
             you
             touch
             it
             in
             the
             least
             it
             flies
             about
             like
             Ashes
             ,
             or
             unslaked
             
             Lime
             .
             In
             any
             danger
             of
             War
             ,
             these
             People
             descend
             into
             their
             Caves
             ,
             and
             carrying
             in
             their
             Booty
             and
             Prey
             along
             with
             them
             ,
             are
             free
             from
             all
             fear
             ,
             and
             think
             themselves
             invincible
             .
             And
             when
             Sertorius
             being
             at
             some
             distance
             from
             Metellus
             ,
             had
             placed
             his
             Camp
             near
             this
             Hill
             ,
             they
             slighted
             and
             despised
             him
             ,
             imagining
             that
             he
             retired
             into
             these
             Parts
             being
             overthrown
             by
             the
             Romans
             ;
             and
             whether
             out
             of
             Anger
             ,
             and
             just
             Resentment
             ,
             or
             out
             of
             his
             unwillingness
             to
             be
             thought
             to
             fly
             from
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             he
             caused
             himself
             to
             be
             carried
             thither
             early
             in
             the
             Morning
             to
             view
             the
             situation
             of
             the
             Place
             ;
             but
             finding
             there
             was
             no
             way
             to
             come
             at
             it
             ,
             as
             he
             rode
             about
             threatning
             them
             in
             vain
             ,
             and
             troubled
             in
             his
             Mind
             ,
             he
             took
             notice
             that
             the
             Wind
             raised
             the
             dust
             and
             carried
             it
             up
             ,
             towards
             the
             Caves
             of
             the
             Characitanians
             ,
             the
             Mouths
             of
             which
             ,
             as
             we
             said
             before
             ,
             opened
             towards
             the
             North
             ;
             and
             the
             Northerly
             Winds
             ,
             which
             some
             call
             Coecias
             ,
             prevailing
             
             most
             in
             those
             Parts
             ,
             engendred
             out
             of
             the
             moist
             Morish
             Plains
             ,
             or
             the
             Mountains
             covered
             with
             Snow
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             Heat
             of
             Summer
             being
             supplied
             and
             encreased
             by
             the
             Relaxation
             and
             Melting
             of
             the
             Ice
             on
             the
             Peaks
             of
             the
             Northern
             Hills
             ,
             it
             blows
             a
             delightful
             fresh
             Gale
             ,
             which
             recreates
             the
             Characitanians
             ,
             and
             
             refreshes
             their
             Cattle
             all
             the
             Day
             long
             .
             Sertorius
             confidering
             well
             all
             Circumstances
             ,
             wherein
             either
             the
             Information
             of
             the
             Inhabitants
             ,
             or
             his
             own
             Experience
             had
             instructed
             him
             ,
             commanded
             his
             Soldiers
             to
             shovel
             up
             a
             great
             Quantity
             of
             this
             light
             dusty
             Earth
             ,
             to
             heap
             it
             up
             together
             ,
             and
             make
             a
             Mount
             of
             it
             ,
             over
             against
             the
             the
             Hill
             wherein
             these
             Barbarous
             People
             resided
             ,
             who
             imagining
             that
             all
             this
             Preparation
             was
             for
             the
             Raising
             of
             a
             Fort
             ,
             or
             for
             the
             making
             of
             a
             Bulwark
             against
             them
             ,
             they
             looked
             upon
             it
             as
             a
             Design
             most
             worthy
             to
             be
             laughed
             at
             ;
             however
             he
             continued
             the
             Work
             till
             the
             Evening
             ,
             and
             brought
             his
             Soldiers
             back
             into
             their
             Camp.
             The
             next
             Morning
             when
             a
             gentle
             Breeze
             arose
             ,
             and
             moved
             the
             lightest
             Parts
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             and
             dispersed
             it
             about
             as
             the
             Chaff
             before
             the
             Wind
             ,
             and
             when
             the
             Sun
             coming
             to
             be
             higher
             ,
             the
             blustering
             Northerly
             Wind
             had
             covered
             the
             Hills
             with
             the
             dust
             ,
             the
             Soldiers
             turned
             this
             new
             Mount
             of
             Earth
             over
             and
             over
             ,
             and
             brake
             the
             Clots
             of
             Clay
             in
             Pieces
             ,
             whilst
             others
             on
             Horseback
             rode
             through
             it
             backward
             and
             forward
             ,
             and
             raised
             a
             Cloud
             of
             dust
             ,
             which
             being
             committed
             to
             the
             Wind
             ,
             was
             blown
             into
             the
             Dwellings
             of
             the
             Characitanians
             ,
             the
             entrances
             into
             which
             were
             all
             towards
             the
             
             North
             ,
             and
             there
             being
             no
             other
             Vent
             or
             Passage
             ,
             than
             that
             through
             which
             blustering
             Caecias
             rushed
             in
             upon
             them
             ,
             together
             with
             all
             the
             powdered
             Earth
             and
             Dust
             ,
             tossed
             and
             blown
             about
             ,
             it
             quickly
             blinded
             their
             Eyes
             ,
             and
             filled
             their
             Lungs
             ,
             and
             causing
             a
             Difficulty
             of
             Breathing
             ,
             choak'd
             them
             up
             ,
             whilst
             they
             strove
             to
             draw
             in
             the
             rough
             harsh
             Air
             mingled
             with
             streams
             of
             Dust
             ,
             nor
             were
             they
             able
             with
             great
             hardship
             to
             hold
             out
             above
             two
             Days
             ,
             but
             yielded
             up
             themselves
             on
             the
             third
             .
             This
             Success
             added
             not
             so
             much
             to
             the
             Strength
             and
             Power
             of
             Sertorius
             ,
             as
             it
             encreased
             his
             Glory
             and
             Renown
             ,
             in
             letting
             the
             World
             see
             that
             he
             was
             able
             to
             conquer
             those
             Places
             by
             Art
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             Strength
             of
             his
             Brain
             ,
             which
             were
             impregnable
             and
             never
             to
             be
             taken
             by
             the
             Force
             of
             Arms.
             He
             was
             continualy
             Successful
             during
             the
             whole
             War
             against
             Metellus
             ,
             who
             by
             Reason
             of
             his
             Age
             and
             his
             slow
             Temper
             was
             not
             able
             to
             resist
             the
             active
             Boldness
             and
             Bravery
             of
             Sertorius
             ,
             who
             commanded
             a
             light
             army
             more
             like
             a
             Band
             of
             Robbers
             than
             a
             due
             established
             Militia
             .
             When
             Pompey
             also
             had
             passed
             over
             the
             Pyreneans
             ,
             and
             placed
             his
             Camp
             near
             him
             ,
             where
             both
             of
             them
             gave
             their
             utmost
             Proofs
             of
             their
             Gallantry
             and
             Skill
             in
             War
             ,
             both
             in
             Receiving
             and
             Attacking
             
             one
             another
             ,
             Sertorius
             far
             surpassing
             him
             ,
             either
             in
             defending
             himself
             ,
             or
             countermining
             the
             Designs
             of
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             his
             fame
             was
             then
             highly
             celebrated
             even
             in
             Rome
             it self
             ,
             for
             the
             most
             terrible
             Warriour
             ,
             and
             the
             most
             expert
             Commander
             of
             his
             Time.
             For
             considering
             that
             the
             Renown
             of
             Pompey
             was
             not
             small
             ,
             who
             had
             already
             won
             much
             Honour
             by
             his
             Prowess
             and
             Magnanimity
             in
             the
             Wars
             of
             Sylla
             ,
             from
             whom
             he
             received
             the
             Title
             of
             Magnus
             ,
             and
             was
             called
             Pompey
             the
             Great
             ;
             and
             who
             had
             ascended
             to
             the
             Honour
             of
             a
             Triumph
             before
             the
             Hairs
             were
             grown
             on
             his
             Face
             ,
             and
             many
             Cities
             which
             were
             under
             Sertorius
             had
             an
             earest
             Desire
             to
             Revolt
             ,
             when
             they
             were
             deterred
             from
             it
             by
             that
             great
             Action
             amongst
             others
             which
             he
             performed
             near
             the
             City
             of
             Lauron
             ,
             contrary
             to
             the
             Expection
             of
             all
             .
          
           
             As
             soon
             as
             Sertorius
             had
             laid
             siege
             to
             
             
               Lauron
               ,
               Pompey
            
             came
             with
             his
             whole
             Army
             to
             relieve
             it
             ,
             and
             there
             being
             a
             Hill
             near
             this
             City
             very
             advantagiously
             seated
             ,
             they
             both
             made
             haste
             to
             take
             it
             .
             But
             Sertorius
             prevented
             him
             ,
             and
             took
             possession
             of
             it
             first
             ,
             and
             Pompey
             having
             drawn
             down
             his
             Forces
             ,
             was
             not
             sorry
             that
             it
             had
             thus
             succeeded
             ,
             for
             he
             imagined
             that
             he
             had
             hereby
             enclosed
             his
             
             Enemy
             between
             his
             own
             Army
             and
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             sent
             in
             a
             Messenger
             to
             the
             Citizens
             of
             Lauron
             ,
             to
             bid
             them
             be
             of
             good
             Courage
             and
             to
             come
             upon
             their
             Walls
             ,
             where
             they
             might
             see
             their
             Besieger
             Besieged
             .
             Sertorius
             perceiving
             their
             Intentions
             ,
             smiled
             ,
             and
             told
             them
             ,
             he
             would
             now
             teach
             
             Sylla's
             Scholar
             (
             for
             so
             he
             called
             Pompey
             in
             derision
             )
             that
             it
             was
             the
             Part
             of
             a
             General
             to
             look
             as
             well
             behind
             him
             as
             before
             him
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             same
             time
             shewed
             them
             six
             thousand
             Soldiers
             which
             he
             had
             left
             in
             his
             former
             Camp
             ,
             from
             whence
             he
             marched
             out
             to
             take
             the
             Hill
             ,
             where
             if
             Pompey
             should
             assault
             him
             ,
             they
             might
             fall
             upon
             his
             Rear
             ,
             Pompey
             discovered
             this
             too
             late
             ,
             and
             not
             daring
             to
             give
             Battle
             ,
             for
             fear
             of
             being
             encompassed
             in
             on
             every
             side
             ,
             and
             yet
             being
             ashamed
             to
             leave
             his
             Friends
             and
             Confederates
             in
             extream
             Danger
             ,
             was
             forced
             to
             sit
             still
             and
             see
             them
             ruined
             before
             his
             Face
             ;
             for
             the
             Besieged
             despaired
             of
             Relief
             ,
             and
             delivered
             up
             themselves
             to
             Sertorius
             ,
             
             who
             spared
             their
             Lives
             and
             granted
             them
             their
             Liberties
             ,
             but
             burnt
             their
             City
             ,
             not
             out
             of
             Anger
             or
             Cruelty
             ,
             for
             of
             all
             Commanders
             that
             ever
             were
             ,
             Sertorius
             seems
             least
             of
             all
             to
             have
             indulged
             these
             Passions
             ,
             but
             only
             for
             the
             greater
             Shame
             and
             Consusion
             of
             the
             Admirers
             of
             Pompey
             ,
             and
             that
             it
             might
             be
             reported
             amongst
             the
             
             Spaniards
             ,
             that
             the
             Fire
             which
             burnt
             down
             his
             Confederates
             ,
             tho'
             〈◊〉
             was
             so
             near
             as
             to
             be
             well
             warm'd
             at
             it
             ,
             was
             not
             able
             to
             raise
             heat
             enough
             in
             him
             to
             dare
             to
             relieve
             them
             .
          
           
             Sertorius
             sustained
             some
             Losses
             in
             these
             Wars
             ,
             but
             he
             always
             defended
             those
             with
             him
             ,
             and
             maintain'd
             himself
             Invincible
             ,
             and
             it
             was
             by
             other
             Commanders
             under
             him
             that
             he
             suffer'd
             ,
             and
             he
             was
             more
             admir'd
             for
             being
             able
             to
             repair
             his
             Losses
             ,
             for
             shewing
             himself
             brave
             in
             danger
             ,
             for
             recovering
             the
             Victory
             ,
             when
             the
             Field
             seem'd
             already
             to
             be
             lost
             ,
             than
             the
             Roman
             Generals
             against
             him
             for
             gaining
             these
             Advantages
             :
             As
             at
             the
             Battle
             of
             Sucro
             against
             Pompey
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             Battle
             near
             Turia
             ,
             against
             him
             and
             Metellus
             together
             .
             It
             is
             reported
             that
             the
             Battle
             near
             the
             City
             of
             Sucro
             was
             fought
             through
             the
             Impatience
             of
             Pompey
             ,
             lest
             that
             Metellus
             should
             share
             with
             him
             in
             the
             Victory
             ,
             and
             thro'
             the
             willingness
             of
             Sertorius
             to
             fight
             with
             him
             before
             the
             Arrival
             of
             Metellus
             :
             However
             Sertorius
             delay'd
             the
             time
             till
             the
             Evening
             ,
             considering
             that
             the
             darkness
             of
             the
             Night
             would
             be
             a
             great
             disadvantage
             to
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             either
             Flying
             ,
             or
             Pursuing
             ,
             who
             were
             meer
             Strangers
             ,
             and
             had
             no
             knowledge
             of
             the
             Country
             .
             When
             the
             fight
             began
             it
             happened
             that
             Sertorius
             was
             not
             placed
             directly
             against
             Pompey
             ,
             but
             against
             Afranius
             ,
             who
             had
             Command
             of
             
             the
             Left
             Wing
             of
             the
             Roman
             Army
             ,
             as
             he
             commanded
             the
             Right
             Wing
             of
             his
             own
             ;
             but
             when
             he
             understood
             that
             his
             Left
             Wing
             began
             to
             give
             way
             ,
             and
             yield
             to
             the
             furious
             Assaults
             of
             Pompey
             ,
             he
             committed
             the
             care
             of
             his
             Right
             Wing
             to
             other
             Commanders
             ,
             and
             made
             haste
             to
             relieve
             those
             in
             distress
             ,
             and
             rallying
             some
             that
             were
             flying
             ,
             and
             encouraging
             others
             that
             still
             kept
             their
             Ranks
             ,
             he
             renewed
             the
             Fight
             ,
             and
             set
             upon
             them
             with
             that
             Force
             that
             he
             routed
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             brought
             Pompey
             
             who
             was
             pursuing
             into
             great
             danger
             of
             his
             Life
             ;
             for
             after
             being
             wounded
             and
             thrown
             from
             his
             Horse
             ;
             he
             escaped
             unexpectedly
             ,
             for
             the
             Africans
             with
             Sertorius
             who
             took
             
             Pompey's
             Horse
             ,
             set
             out
             with
             Gold
             ,
             and
             covered
             with
             rich
             Trappings
             ,
             fell
             out
             with
             one
             another
             ,
             and
             upon
             the
             dividing
             of
             the
             Spoyl
             ,
             gave
             over
             the
             Pursuit
             .
             Afranius
             in
             the
             mean
             time
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             Sertorius
             had
             left
             his
             Right
             Wing
             to
             assist
             the
             other
             part
             of
             his
             Army
             ,
             overthrew
             all
             that
             opposed
             him
             ,
             and
             pursued
             them
             to
             their
             Camp
             ,
             fell
             in
             with
             them
             ,
             and
             plunder'd
             them
             till
             it
             was
             dark
             Night
             ;
             knowing
             nothing
             of
             
             Pompey's
             Overthrow
             ,
             nor
             being
             able
             to
             restrain
             his
             Soldiers
             from
             Pillaging
             .
             When
             Sertorius
             returning
             with
             Victory
             fell
             upon
             the
             Forces
             of
             Afranius
             ,
             
             which
             were
             in
             Disorder
             ,
             and
             slew
             great
             
             Numbers
             of
             them
             ;
             and
             the
             next
             Morning
             came
             into
             the
             Field
             again
             ,
             well
             arm'd
             ,
             and
             offered
             Battle
             ,
             but
             perceiving
             that
             Metellus
             was
             near
             ,
             he
             drew
             off
             ,
             and
             returned
             to
             his
             Camp
             ,
             saying
             ,
             If
             this
             old
             Woman
             had
             not
             been
             here
             ,
             I
             would
             have
             whipped
             that
             Boy
             soundly
             ,
             and
             sent
             him
             to
             Rome
             .
          
           
             Sertorius
             being
             much
             concerned
             that
             his
             white
             Hind
             could
             no
             where
             be
             found
             ;
             whereby
             he
             was
             destitute
             of
             an
             admirable
             Contrivance
             ,
             both
             to
             amuse
             ,
             and
             encourage
             the
             Barbarous
             People
             ,
             at
             a
             time
             when
             he
             most
             stood
             in
             need
             of
             it
             ;
             some
             of
             his
             Men
             wandring
             in
             the
             Night
             chanced
             to
             meet
             her
             ,
             and
             knowing
             her
             by
             her
             colour
             ,
             took
             her
             ;
             to
             whom
             Sertorius
             promised
             a
             good
             Reward
             ,
             if
             they
             would
             tell
             no
             one
             of
             it
             ;
             and
             presently
             shut
             her
             up
             ;
             a
             few
             days
             after
             ,
             he
             appeared
             in
             Publick
             with
             a
             very
             chearfull
             Look
             ,
             and
             declared
             to
             the
             Chief
             Nobility
             of
             the
             Countrey
             that
             the
             Gods
             had
             foretold
             him
             in
             a
             Dream
             that
             some
             great
             good
             Fortune
             should
             suddenly
             attend
             him
             ;
             and
             being
             set
             on
             the
             Tribunal
             to
             Answer
             the
             Petitions
             of
             those
             who
             applied
             themselves
             to
             him
             :
             The
             Keepers
             of
             the
             Hind
             let
             her
             loose
             ,
             and
             she
             no
             sooner
             espied
             Sertorius
             ,
             but
             she
             ran
             leaping
             with
             great
             joy
             to
             his
             Feet
             ,
             laid
             her
             Head
             upon
             his
             Lap
             ,
             and
             licked
             his
             Hands
             as
             she
             formerly
             used
             to
             do
             ,
             and
             Sertorius
             stroaking
             her
             ,
             and
             
             making
             much
             of
             her
             again
             ,
             with
             that
             tenderness
             that
             the
             Tears
             stood
             in
             his
             Eyes
             ,
             all
             that
             were
             present
             were
             immediately
             filled
             with
             Wonder
             and
             Astonishment
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             accompanying
             him
             to
             his
             House
             with
             respectfull
             Congratulations
             ,
             and
             loud
             Shouts
             for
             Joy
             ,
             they
             looked
             upon
             him
             as
             a
             Person
             above
             the
             Rank
             of
             Mortal
             Men
             ,
             as
             one
             that
             was
             influenced
             from
             above
             ;
             and
             that
             was
             highly
             beloved
             by
             the
             Gods
             ,
             and
             being
             hereby
             mightily
             encouraged
             they
             conceived
             far
             better
             hopes
             for
             the
             future
             .
          
           
             When
             he
             had
             reduced
             his
             Enemies
             to
             
             the
             last
             extremity
             for
             want
             of
             Provision
             ,
             he
             was
             forced
             to
             give
             them
             Battle
             (
             in
             the
             Plains
             near
             Saguntum
             )
             to
             hinder
             them
             from
             foraging
             ,
             and
             plundring
             the
             Countrey
             ,
             where
             both
             Parties
             fought
             gloriously
             ,
             and
             Memmius
             the
             greatest
             Commander
             in
             
             
             Pompey's
             Army
             was
             slain
             in
             the
             heat
             of
             the
             Battle
             ;
             but
             Sertorius
             overthrew
             all
             before
             him
             ,
             and
             with
             great
             slaughter
             of
             his
             Enemies
             pressed
             forward
             towards
             Metellus
             .
             This
             old
             Commander
             making
             a
             stout
             resistance
             beyond
             what
             could
             be
             expected
             from
             one
             of
             his
             years
             ,
             was
             wounded
             with
             a
             
             Lance
             ,
             which
             struck
             amazement
             into
             all
             that
             saw
             it
             ,
             or
             heard
             of
             it
             ,
             and
             filled
             the
             Roman
             Soldiers
             hearts
             with
             Sorrow
             and
             with
             Shame
             ,
             to
             be
             thought
             to
             have
             left
             their
             General
             in
             distress
             ;
             but
             at
             the
             same
             
             time
             it
             provoking
             them
             to
             Revenge
             and
             Fury
             against
             their
             Enemies
             ,
             they
             soon
             covered
             Metellus
             with
             their
             Shields
             ,
             and
             brought
             him
             off
             in
             safety
             ,
             and
             then
             valiantly
             repulsed
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             whereby
             Victory
             changed
             sides
             ,
             and
             Sertorius
             that
             he
             might
             afford
             a
             more
             secure
             Retreat
             to
             his
             Army
             ,
             and
             that
             more
             Forces
             might
             more
             easily
             be
             raised
             ,
             retired
             into
             a
             strong
             City
             in
             the
             Mountains
             ;
             and
             thought
             it
             was
             the
             least
             of
             his
             Intention
             to
             sustain
             a
             long
             Seige
             yet
             he
             began
             to
             repair
             the
             Walls
             ,
             and
             to
             fortifie
             the
             Gates
             ,
             whereby
             he
             deluded
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             who
             came
             and
             set
             down
             before
             the
             Town
             ,
             hoping
             to
             take
             it
             without
             much
             resistance
             ;
             and
             gave
             over
             the
             pursuit
             of
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             affording
             them
             opportunity
             to
             gather
             together
             again
             ,
             and
             to
             raise
             new
             Forces
             for
             Sertorius
             ,
             to
             which
             purpose
             he
             had
             sent
             Commanders
             to
             all
             their
             Cities
             ,
             with
             Orders
             ,
             when
             they
             had
             sufficiently
             encreased
             their
             Numbers
             ,
             to
             send
             him
             word
             of
             it
             ,
             which
             News
             he
             no
             sooner
             received
             ,
             but
             he
             sallied
             out
             and
             forced
             his
             way
             through
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             and
             easily
             joyned
             with
             the
             rest
             of
             his
             Army
             ,
             and
             having
             received
             this
             considerable
             reinforcement
             ,
             he
             set
             upon
             the
             Romans
             again
             ,
             and
             by
             fiercely
             assaulting
             them
             ,
             by
             alarming
             them
             on
             all
             sides
             ;
             by
             ensnaring
             ,
             circumventing
             ,
             and
             laying
             Ambushes
             for
             them
             ;
             
             he
             cut
             off
             all
             Provisions
             by
             Land
             ,
             while
             
             with
             his
             Ships
             of
             War
             ,
             and
             Pyratical
             Vessels
             ,
             he
             kept
             all
             the
             Coast
             in
             awe
             ,
             and
             hindred
             their
             Recrutes
             by
             Sea
             ;
             whereby
             he
             forced
             the
             Roman
             Generals
             to
             dislodge
             ,
             and
             to
             separate
             from
             one
             another
             :
             Metellus
             departed
             into
             Gallia
             ,
             and
             Pompey
             wintered
             among
             the
             Baccaeans
             ,
             in
             a
             wretched
             condition
             ,
             where
             being
             in
             extreme
             want
             of
             Money
             ,
             he
             wrote
             a
             lamentable
             Letter
             to
             the
             Senate
             ,
             to
             let
             them
             know
             that
             if
             they
             did
             not
             speedily
             supply
             him
             ,
             he
             must
             draw
             off
             his
             Army
             ;
             for
             he
             had
             already
             spent
             his
             own
             Estate
             in
             the
             Defence
             of
             Italy
             .
             To
             these
             Extremities
             the
             Chiefest
             and
             the
             most
             Powerfull
             Commanders
             of
             the
             Age
             ,
             were
             reduced
             by
             the
             Skill
             and
             Valour
             of
             Sertorius
             ;
             and
             it
             was
             the
             common
             Opinion
             in
             Rome
             ,
             that
             he
             would
             be
             sooner
             in
             Italy
             than
             Pompey
             ,
             and
             how
             far
             Metellus
             was
             terrified
             with
             his
             Greatness
             ;
             and
             at
             what
             rate
             he
             esteemed
             him
             ,
             he
             plainly
             declared
             ,
             when
             he
             offered
             by
             Proclamation
             an
             hundred
             Talents
             ,
             and
             twenty
             thousand
             Acres
             of
             Land
             to
             any
             Roman
             that
             should
             kill
             him
             ;
             and
             leave
             if
             he
             were
             banished
             ,
             to
             return
             ;
             attempting
             villanously
             to
             betray
             and
             sell
             him
             ,
             when
             he
             despaired
             of
             ever
             being
             able
             to
             overcome
             him
             in
             open
             War
             ,
             with
             all
             the
             powerfull
             Forces
             of
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             .
             And
             when
             afterwards
             he
             gained
             some
             advantage
             
             in
             a
             Fight
             ,
             against
             Sertorius
             ,
             he
             was
             so
             wonderfully
             pleased
             and
             transported
             with
             his
             good
             Fortune
             ,
             that
             he
             caused
             himself
             to
             be
             publickly
             proclaimed
             Imperator
             ,
             or
             Sovereign
             Commander
             ;
             and
             ordered
             that
             all
             the
             Cities
             which
             he
             visited
             should
             receive
             him
             with
             Altars
             dedicated
             ,
             and
             Sacrifices
             offered
             to
             him
             :
             where
             indulging
             himself
             in
             splendid
             Entertainments
             ,
             and
             costly
             Suppers
             ,
             he
             would
             sit
             drinking
             in
             his
             Triumphal
             Robes
             ,
             with
             Garlands
             and
             Crowns
             upon
             his
             Head
             ,
             while
             the
             Images
             and
             Figures
             of
             Victory
             ,
             were
             introduced
             by
             the
             motion
             of
             Machins
             ,
             bringing
             in
             with
             them
             Crowns
             and
             Trophies
             of
             Gold
             ,
             to
             present
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             Companies
             of
             young
             Men
             and
             Women
             danced
             before
             him
             ,
             courted
             him
             ,
             and
             sang
             to
             him
             Songs
             of
             Joy
             ,
             and
             Triumph
             ;
             whereby
             he
             rendred
             himself
             deservedly
             ridiculous
             ,
             for
             being
             excessively
             delighted
             and
             puffed
             up
             with
             the
             thoughts
             of
             following
             one
             that
             retired
             of
             his
             own
             accord
             ,
             and
             for
             having
             once
             the
             better
             of
             him
             ,
             whom
             he
             used
             to
             call
             
             Sylla's
             Fugitive
             ,
             and
             his
             Forces
             the
             Remainder
             of
             the
             scattered
             Troops
             of
             Carbo
             .
          
           
             The
             Generosity
             of
             Sertorius
             signally
             appeared
             
             when
             he
             appointed
             a
             Senate
             ,
             and
             called
             together
             all
             the
             Roman
             Senators
             which
             fled
             from
             Rome
             ,
             and
             came
             and
             resided
             with
             him
             ;
             and
             out
             of
             these
             he
             chose
             
             Praetors
             ,
             and
             Quaestors
             ,
             and
             adorned
             his
             Government
             with
             all
             the
             Roman
             Laws
             and
             Constitutions
             ;
             and
             though
             he
             made
             use
             of
             the
             Arms
             ,
             Riches
             ,
             and
             Cities
             of
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             yet
             he
             would
             never
             permit
             them
             so
             much
             as
             to
             mention
             any
             thing
             of
             Government
             ,
             but
             set
             Roman
             Officers
             and
             Commanders
             over
             them
             ,
             whereby
             he
             restored
             Liberty
             to
             the
             Romans
             ,
             without
             increasing
             the
             Spaniards
             Power
             against
             them
             ;
             for
             he
             was
             a
             sincere
             Lover
             of
             his
             Countrey
             ,
             and
             had
             a
             great
             desire
             to
             return
             home
             ,
             but
             in
             adverse
             Fortune
             he
             shew'd
             his
             undaunted
             Courage
             ,
             and
             behaved
             himself
             towards
             his
             Enemies
             free
             from
             all
             dejection
             and
             mean
             spiritedness
             ;
             but
             when
             he
             was
             in
             his
             Prosperity
             and
             in
             the
             heighth
             of
             his
             Victories
             he
             sent
             word
             to
             Metellus
             ,
             and
             Pompey
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             ready
             to
             lay
             down
             his
             Arms
             ,
             and
             live
             a
             private
             Lite
             ,
             if
             he
             were
             called
             home
             ,
             declaring
             that
             he
             had
             rather
             be
             the
             meanest
             Citizen
             in
             Rome
             ,
             than
             Supreme
             Commander
             of
             all
             other
             Cities
             together
             ;
             and
             it
             is
             thought
             that
             his
             great
             Love
             for
             his
             Countrey
             was
             in
             no
             small
             measure
             promoted
             by
             the
             respect
             which
             he
             had
             for
             his
             Mother
             ,
             under
             whom
             he
             was
             brought
             up
             in
             his
             tender
             Years
             ,
             after
             the
             Death
             of
             his
             Father
             ,
             and
             upon
             whom
             he
             had
             placed
             his
             intire
             Affection
             ,
             and
             after
             that
             his
             Friends
             had
             sent
             for
             him
             
             into
             Spain
             to
             be
             their
             General
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             he
             heard
             of
             his
             Mother's
             Death
             ,
             he
             had
             almost
             cast
             away
             himself
             ,
             and
             died
             for
             Grief
             ;
             for
             he
             lay
             seven
             days
             together
             continually
             upon
             the
             Ground
             ,
             without
             giving
             the
             Word
             ,
             or
             being
             seen
             by
             the
             nearest
             of
             his
             Friends
             ;
             and
             when
             the
             Chief
             Commanders
             of
             the
             Army
             ,
             and
             Persons
             of
             the
             greatest
             Note
             came
             about
             his
             Tent
             ,
             with
             great
             difficulty
             they
             prevailed
             with
             him
             at
             last
             to
             come
             abroad
             and
             speak
             to
             his
             Soldiers
             ,
             and
             to
             take
             upon
             him
             the
             Management
             of
             Affairs
             ,
             which
             were
             in
             a
             prosperous
             Condition
             ;
             by
             all
             which
             he
             seems
             to
             have
             been
             of
             a
             mild
             and
             compassionate
             Temper
             ,
             and
             naturally
             given
             to
             Ease
             and
             Quietness
             ,
             and
             that
             he
             accepted
             of
             the
             Command
             of
             Military
             Forces
             contrary
             to
             his
             own
             Inclination
             ;
             but
             not
             being
             able
             to
             live
             in
             safety
             ,
             he
             was
             forced
             by
             his
             Enemies
             to
             have
             recourse
             to
             Arms
             ,
             and
             to
             espouse
             the
             Wars
             as
             a
             necessary
             Guard
             for
             the
             defence
             of
             his
             Person
             .
          
           
             His
             Administration
             of
             Affairs
             with
             King
             
             Mithridates
             ,
             does
             further
             argue
             the
             greatness
             of
             his
             Mind
             ;
             for
             after
             that
             Mithridates
             was
             overthrown
             by
             Sylla
             ,
             and
             had
             recovered
             himself
             ;
             and
             ,
             as
             a
             strong
             Wrastler
             that
             is
             desirous
             to
             try
             another
             fall
             ,
             was
             again
             endeavoring
             to
             re-establish
             his
             Power
             in
             Asia
             ,
             at
             which
             time
             the
             great
             Fame
             of
             
             Sertorius
             was
             frequently
             celebrated
             in
             all
             Places
             ;
             and
             the
             Merchants
             which
             came
             out
             of
             Spain
             and
             the
             Western
             Parts
             of
             Europe
             ,
             to
             furnish
             the
             Asiaticks
             with
             Forreign
             Commodities
             ,
             had
             filled
             all
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Pontus
             with
             their
             Discourses
             of
             his
             Exploits
             in
             War.
             Mithridates
             was
             earnestly
             desirous
             to
             send
             an
             Embassy
             to
             him
             ,
             being
             also
             highly
             encouraged
             to
             it
             by
             the
             Boastings
             of
             his
             Parasites
             ,
             and
             flattering
             Courtiers
             ,
             who
             comparing
             Mithridates
             to
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             and
             Sertorius
             to
             Hannibal
             ,
             gave
             out
             that
             the
             Romans
             would
             never
             be
             able
             to
             make
             any
             considerable
             resistance
             against
             such
             great
             Forces
             ,
             and
             Commanders
             of
             that
             Temper
             and
             sublime
             Judgment
             ;
             when
             they
             should
             be
             set
             upon
             on
             both
             sides
             at
             once
             ,
             on
             one
             side
             by
             the
             most
             Warlike
             General
             that
             ever
             was
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             other
             side
             by
             the
             most
             Powerfull
             Prince
             on
             Earth
             .
          
           
             Mithridates
             having
             sent
             Embassadours
             
             into
             Spain
             to
             Sertorius
             with
             Letters
             ,
             and
             Instructions
             ,
             and
             with
             full
             Power
             and
             Commission
             to
             promise
             Ships
             ,
             and
             good
             Sums
             of
             Money
             ,
             towards
             the
             Charge
             of
             the
             War
             ,
             if
             Sertorius
             would
             vouchsafe
             to
             confirm
             his
             Pretensions
             upon
             Asia
             ,
             and
             Authorize
             him
             to
             possess
             all
             that
             he
             had
             surrendred
             to
             the
             Romans
             ,
             in
             his
             Treaty
             with
             
               Sylla
               .
               Sertorius
            
             called
             a
             full
             Council
             ,
             which
             
             he
             named
             the
             Senate
             ;
             where
             ,
             when
             all
             joyfully
             approved
             of
             the
             Conditions
             ,
             and
             were
             desirous
             immediately
             to
             accept
             of
             his
             Offer
             ,
             seeing
             that
             he
             desired
             nothing
             of
             them
             but
             a
             Name
             ,
             and
             an
             empty
             Title
             to
             Places
             ,
             not
             in
             their
             Power
             to
             dispose
             of
             ,
             in
             recompence
             of
             which
             they
             should
             be
             supplyed
             with
             what
             they
             then
             stood
             most
             in
             need
             of
             ,
             Sertorius
             would
             by
             no
             means
             agree
             to
             it
             ;
             declaring
             ,
             that
             as
             he
             was
             willing
             that
             King
             Mithridates
             should
             exercise
             all
             Royal
             Power
             and
             Authority
             over
             Bithinia
             and
             Cappadocia
             ,
             Countries
             accustomed
             to
             a
             Monarchical
             Government
             ,
             and
             not
             belonging
             to
             Rome
             ,
             so
             he
             could
             never
             consent
             that
             he
             should
             seize
             or
             detain
             a
             Province
             ,
             which
             by
             due
             Right
             and
             Title
             ,
             was
             possessed
             by
             the
             Romans
             ,
             which
             Mithridates
             had
             formerly
             lost
             in
             open
             War
             to
             Fimbria
             ,
             and
             had
             afterwards
             quitted
             upon
             a
             Treaty
             of
             Peace
             with
             Sylla
             ,
             for
             he
             looked
             upon
             it
             as
             his
             Duty
             to
             enlarge
             the
             Roman
             Possessions
             by
             his
             Conquering
             Arms
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             encrease
             his
             own
             Power
             ,
             by
             the
             Diminution
             of
             the
             Roman
             Territories
             ,
             telling
             them
             that
             a
             generous-minded
             man
             ,
             though
             he
             willingly
             accepts
             of
             Victory
             ,
             when
             it
             comes
             accompanied
             with
             Honour
             ,
             yet
             he
             will
             never
             so
             much
             as
             endeavour
             to
             defend
             himself
             or
             save
             his
             own
             Life
             ,
             upon
             any
             dishonourable
             terms
             .
          
           
             When
             this
             was
             related
             to
             Mithridates
             he
             
             was
             struck
             with
             admiration
             ,
             and
             said
             to
             his
             intimate
             Friends
             ,
             What
             will
             Sertorius
             enjoyn
             us
             to
             do
             ,
             when
             he
             comes
             to
             be
             seated
             in
             the
             Senate-house
             in
             Rome
             ,
             who
             at
             present
             ,
             when
             he
             is
             driven
             out
             to
             the
             furthest
             parts
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             bordering
             upon
             the
             far
             remote
             Western
             Ocean
             ,
             sets
             bounds
             to
             our
             Kingdoms
             in
             the
             East
             ,
             and
             threatens
             us
             with
             War
             ,
             if
             we
             Attempt
             the
             recovery
             of
             Asia
             ?
             However
             they
             solemnly
             upon
             Oath
             concluded
             a
             League
             between
             them
             ,
             upon
             
             these
             Terms
             ,
             That
             Mithridates
             should
             enjoy
             the
             free
             possession
             of
             Cappadocia
             and
             Bythinia
             ,
             and
             that
             Sertorius
             should
             send
             him
             Soldiers
             ,
             and
             a
             General
             for
             his
             Army
             ,
             in
             recompence
             of
             which
             the
             King
             was
             to
             supply
             him
             with
             three
             thousand
             Talents
             ,
             and
             forty
             Ships
             .
             
               Marcus
               Marius
            
             a
             Roman
             Senator
             ,
             who
             had
             quitted
             Rome
             to
             follow
             Sertorius
             ,
             was
             sent
             General
             into
             Asia
             ,
             by
             whose
             Conduct
             when
             Mithridates
             had
             reduced
             divers
             of
             the
             Asian
             Cities
             ,
             Marius
             made
             his
             entrance
             with
             Rods
             and
             Axes
             carried
             before
             him
             ,
             as
             before
             a
             Proconsul
             of
             Rome
             ,
             and
             Mithridates
             followed
             in
             the
             second
             place
             ,
             voluntarily
             waiting
             upon
             him
             ;
             some
             of
             these
             Cities
             he
             set
             at
             liberty
             ,
             and
             others
             he
             freed
             from
             Taxes
             ,
             signifying
             to
             them
             by
             Letters
             ,
             that
             these
             Priviledges
             were
             granted
             to
             them
             by
             the
             Grace
             and
             Favour
             of
             Sertorius
             ,
             and
             hereby
             Asia
             which
             had
             been
             miserably
             tormented
             by
             the
             unsatiableness
             of
             
             the
             Publicans
             ,
             and
             oppressed
             by
             the
             insolent
             Pride
             and
             Covetousness
             of
             the
             soldiers
             began
             to
             rise
             again
             ,
             and
             with
             new
             Wings
             added
             to
             their
             former
             hopes
             ,
             to
             soar
             alost
             in
             earnest
             Desires
             towards
             their
             long
             wished
             for
             change
             of
             Government
             .
          
           
             But
             in
             Spain
             the
             Senators
             about
             Sertorius
             and
             others
             of
             the
             Nobility
             ,
             finding
             themselves
             strong
             enough
             for
             their
             Enemies
             ,
             and
             having
             no
             less
             hopes
             of
             returning
             to
             Rome
             ;
             they
             no
             sooner
             laid
             aside
             all
             fear
             ;
             but
             Envy
             ,
             immediately
             ,
             and
             unreasonable
             Jealousies
             inflamed
             their
             minds
             ,
             and
             chiefly
             Perpenna
             ,
             who
             being
             of
             a
             Noble
             Family
             ,
             and
             extremely
             envious
             of
             
             Sertorius's
             Greatness
             ,
             was
             at
             this
             time
             so
             arrogantly
             transported
             with
             a
             fond
             Ambition
             of
             Commanding
             the
             Army
             ,
             that
             he
             threw
             out
             villanous
             Discourses
             in
             private
             amongst
             his
             intimate
             Acquaintance
             ,
             and
             among
             those
             whose
             seditious
             Ingratitude
             ,
             had
             made
             more
             willing
             to
             hearken
             to
             him
             .
             What
             
             evil
             Genius
             (
             would
             he
             often
             say
             )
             hurries
             us
             perpetually
             from
             worse
             to
             worse
             ,
             and
             we
             who
             disdained
             to
             obey
             the
             Dictates
             of
             Sylla
             ,
             the
             great
             Ruler
             of
             Sea
             ,
             and
             Land
             ,
             and
             might
             have
             lived
             at
             home
             in
             Peace
             and
             Quiet
             ,
             are
             come
             hither
             to
             our
             destruction
             ,
             hoping
             to
             enjoy
             Liberty
             ,
             where
             most
             wretchedly
             we
             have
             made
             our selves
             Slaves
             of
             our
             own
             accord
             ,
             and
             are
             become
             the
             contemptible
             Guards
             and
             Attendants
             of
             the
             banished
             Sertorias
             ,
             
             who
             that
             he
             may
             expose
             us
             the
             further
             ,
             gives
             us
             a
             name
             that
             renders
             us
             ridiculous
             to
             all
             that
             hear
             it
             ,
             and
             calls
             us
             the
             Senate
             ,
             when
             at
             the
             same
             time
             he
             makes
             us
             undergo
             more
             hard
             Labour
             ,
             and
             forces
             us
             to
             be
             more
             subject
             to
             his
             haughty
             Commands
             and
             Insolencies
             ,
             than
             the
             poor
             Spaniards
             and
             Lusitanians
             .
             With
             these
             mutinous
             Discourses
             ,
             he
             continually
             seduced
             them
             ;
             and
             many
             who
             could
             not
             be
             brought
             to
             fall
             into
             Rebellion
             openly
             against
             Sertorius
             ,
             fearing
             his
             great
             Power
             and
             Authority
             ,
             were
             prevailed
             with
             ,
             to
             endeavour
             to
             destroy
             his
             Interest
             secretly
             ;
             and
             by
             many
             ways
             to
             ruin
             his
             Affairs
             .
             For
             by
             abusing
             the
             Lusitanians
             and
             Spaniards
             ,
             by
             inflicting
             severe
             Punishments
             upon
             them
             ,
             by
             raising
             exorbitant
             Taxes
             ,
             and
             by
             pretending
             that
             all
             this
             was
             done
             by
             the
             strict
             Command
             of
             Sertorius
             ,
             they
             caused
             great
             Troubles
             and
             made
             many
             Cities
             to
             revolt
             :
             and
             those
             who
             were
             sent
             to
             mitigate
             and
             heal
             these
             Differences
             ,
             did
             rather
             exasperate
             them
             ,
             and
             encrease
             the
             Number
             of
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             and
             left
             them
             at
             their
             return
             more
             obstinate
             and
             rebellious
             than
             they
             found
             them
             .
             Which
             so
             highly
             incensed
             Sertorius
             ,
             and
             caused
             so
             great
             an
             alteration
             in
             his
             former
             Clemency
             and
             Goodness
             towards
             the
             Spaniards
             Sons
             ,
             educated
             in
             the
             great
             City
             of
             Osca
             ;
             that
             coontrary
             to
             all
             Civil
             Justicie
             ,
             he
             cruelly
             put
             some
             of
             them
             to
             Death
             ,
             and
             sold
             others
             .
          
           
           
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             Perpenna
             having
             encreased
             the
             Number
             of
             his
             Conspirators
             ,
             drew
             in
             Manlius
             ,
             a
             Commander
             in
             the
             Army
             ,
             who
             at
             that
             time
             loved
             a
             Youth
             ,
             and
             to
             endear
             him
             the
             more
             discovered
             the
             Confederacy
             to
             him
             ,
             perswading
             him
             to
             neglect
             his
             other
             Lovers
             ,
             and
             to
             be
             constant
             to
             him
             ,
             alone
             ;
             who
             in
             a
             few
             days
             was
             to
             be
             a
             person
             of
             great
             Power
             and
             Authority
             ;
             but
             the
             Youth
             having
             a
             greater
             Inclination
             for
             Aufidius
             ,
             disclosed
             all
             to
             him
             ,
             which
             much
             surprized
             and
             amazed
             him
             ;
             for
             he
             was
             also
             one
             of
             the
             Confederacy
             ;
             but
             knew
             not
             that
             Manlius
             was
             any
             ways
             engaged
             therein
             ;
             but
             when
             the
             Youth
             began
             to
             name
             
               Perpenna
               ,
               Gracinus
            
             ,
             and
             others
             ,
             which
             he
             knew
             very
             well
             were
             sworn
             Conspirators
             ,
             he
             was
             very
             much
             terrified
             ,
             and
             astonished
             ;
             but
             made
             slight
             of
             it
             to
             the
             youth
             ,
             and
             bid
             him
             not
             regard
             what
             Manlius
             said
             ,
             a
             vain
             boasting
             fellow
             ;
             but
             however
             went
             presently
             to
             Perpenna
             ,
             and
             giving
             him
             notice
             of
             the
             danger
             they
             were
             in
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             shortness
             of
             their
             time
             ,
             desired
             him
             immediately
             to
             put
             their
             designs
             in
             Execution
             ;
             and
             when
             all
             the
             Confederates
             had
             consented
             to
             it
             ,
             they
             provided
             a
             Messenger
             who
             brought
             feigned
             Letters
             to
             Sertorius
             ,
             in
             which
             he
             had
             notice
             of
             a
             Victory
             obtained
             by
             one
             of
             his
             Lieutenants
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             great
             slaughter
             of
             his
             Enemies
             ;
             and
             
             as
             Sertorius
             ,
             being
             extreamly
             well
             pleased
             ,
             was
             Sacrificing
             and
             giving
             thanks
             to
             the
             Gods
             for
             his
             prosperous
             Success
             ,
             Perpenna
             invited
             him
             and
             those
             with
             him
             (
             who
             were
             also
             of
             the
             Conspiracy
             )
             to
             an
             Entertainment
             ,
             and
             being
             very
             importunate
             ,
             prevailed
             with
             him
             to
             come
             .
             At
             all
             Suppers
             and
             Entertainments
             where
             Sertorius
             was
             present
             ,
             great
             Order
             and
             Decency
             was
             wont
             to
             be
             observed
             ,
             for
             he
             would
             not
             endure
             to
             hear
             or
             see
             any
             thing
             that
             was
             rude
             or
             unhandsome
             ,
             and
             their
             Freedom
             and
             Mirth
             ,
             was
             Modest
             and
             Inoffensive
             ;
             but
             in
             the
             middle
             of
             this
             Entertainment
             ,
             those
             who
             sought
             occasion
             to
             quarrel
             ,
             fell
             into
             dissolute
             Discourses
             openly
             ,
             and
             making
             as
             if
             they
             were
             very
             Drunk
             ,
             committed
             many
             Insolencies
             on
             purpose
             to
             provoke
             him
             ;
             and
             Sertorius
             being
             Offended
             with
             their
             ill
             behaviour
             ,
             or
             perceiving
             the
             unquietness
             of
             their
             Minds
             by
             their
             muttering
             and
             sudden
             disrespect
             ,
             changed
             the
             posture
             of
             his
             lying
             ,
             and
             leaned
             backward
             ,
             as
             one
             that
             neither
             heard
             nor
             regarded
             them
             .
             When
             Perpenna
             took
             a
             Cup
             full
             of
             Wine
             ,
             and
             as
             he
             
             was
             drinking
             ,
             let
             it
             fall
             out
             of
             his
             hand
             ,
             and
             made
             a
             noise
             ,
             which
             was
             the
             sign
             agreed
             on
             between
             them
             ;
             and
             Antonius
             who
             was
             next
             to
             Sertorius
             ,
             immediately
             wounded
             him
             with
             his
             Sword
             ,
             and
             whilst
             Sertorius
             upon
             receiving
             the
             Wound
             turned
             himself
             and
             strove
             to
             get
             up
             ,
             Antonius
             threw
             himself
             upon
             his
             
             Breast
             ,
             and
             held
             both
             his
             hands
             ,
             whereby
             not
             being
             able
             to
             free
             himself
             ,
             he
             was
             exposed
             to
             the
             fury
             of
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Confederates
             ,
             who
             killed
             him
             upon
             the
             place
             with
             many
             Wounds
             .
          
           
             Upon
             the
             first
             News
             of
             his
             Death
             ,
             most
             of
             the
             Spaniards
             left
             the
             Conspirators
             ,
             and
             
             sent
             Embassadors
             to
             Pompey
             and
             Metellus
             ,
             and
             yielded
             themselves
             up
             to
             them
             .
             Perpenna
             attempted
             to
             do
             something
             with
             those
             that
             remained
             ,
             but
             he
             made
             so
             ill
             use
             of
             
             Sertorius's
             Arms
             and
             Preparations
             for
             War
             ,
             that
             he
             soon
             made
             it
             evident
             to
             all
             ,
             that
             he
             understood
             no
             more
             how
             to
             Command
             ,
             than
             he
             knew
             how
             to
             Obey
             ,
             and
             when
             he
             came
             against
             Pompey
             he
             was
             soon
             overthrown
             ,
             and
             taken
             Prisoner
             ;
             neither
             did
             he
             bear
             this
             last
             affliction
             with
             any
             bravery
             of
             Mind
             ,
             but
             having
             
             torius's
             Papers
             and
             Writings
             in
             his
             hands
             ,
             he
             offered
             to
             shew
             Pompey
             Letters
             from
             Persons
             of
             Consular
             Dignity
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             highest
             Quality
             in
             Rome
             ,
             written
             with
             their
             own
             hands
             ,
             expresly
             to
             call
             Sertorius
             into
             Italy
             ,
             and
             to
             let
             him
             know
             ,
             what
             great
             Numbers
             there
             were
             that
             did
             earnestly
             desire
             to
             alter
             the
             present
             State
             of
             Affairs
             ;
             and
             to
             introduce
             another
             manner
             of
             Government
             .
             Upon
             this
             occasion
             Pompey
             behaved
             himself
             not
             like
             a
             young
             Man
             ,
             or
             one
             of
             a
             light
             inconsiderate
             Mind
             ,
             but
             as
             a
             Generous
             Commander
             of
             a
             confirmed
             ,
             mature
             ,
             solid
             Judgment
             :
             whereby
             he
             freed
             
             Rome
             from
             great
             Fears
             and
             Innovations
             ,
             for
             he
             put
             all
             
             Sertorius's
             Writings
             together
             and
             read
             not
             one
             of
             them
             ,
             nor
             suffered
             any
             one
             else
             to
             read
             them
             ,
             but
             burnt
             them
             all
             ,
             and
             caused
             Perpenna
             immediately
             to
             be
             put
             to
             
             Death
             ,
             lest
             by
             discovering
             their
             Names
             ,
             further
             Troubles
             and
             Revolutions
             might
             ensue
             .
          
           
             Of
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Conspirators
             with
             Perpenna
             ,
             some
             of
             them
             were
             taken
             and
             slain
             by
             the
             Command
             of
             Pompey
             ,
             others
             fled
             into
             Africa
             ,
             and
             were
             set
             upon
             by
             the
             Moors
             ,
             and
             run
             through
             with
             their
             Darts
             ;
             and
             in
             a
             short
             time
             not
             one
             of
             them
             was
             left
             alive
             ;
             except
             only
             Aufidius
             ,
             the
             Rival
             of
             Manlius
             ,
             who
             hiding
             himself
             ,
             or
             not
             being
             much
             enquired
             after
             ,
             dyed
             an
             Old
             Man
             ,
             in
             an
             obscure
             Village
             in
             Spain
             ,
             in
             
               extreme
               Poverty
               ,
               and
               hated
            
             by
             all
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Comparison
             of
             Sertorius
             with
             Eumenes
             .
          
           
             THese
             are
             the
             most
             Remarkable
             Passages
             ,
             that
             are
             come
             to
             our
             knowledge
             ,
             concerning
             Eumenes
             and
             Sertorius
             .
             In
             comparing
             their
             Lives
             ,
             we
             may
             observe
             ,
             that
             this
             was
             common
             to
             them
             both
             ;
             that
             being
             Aliens
             ,
             Strangers
             ,
             and
             banished
             Men
             ,
             they
             came
             to
             be
             Commanders
             of
             Powerful
             Forces
             ,
             and
             had
             the
             leading
             of
             Numerous
             ,
             and
             Warlike
             Armies
             ,
             made
             up
             of
             divers
             Nations
             .
             This
             was
             peculiar
             to
             Sertorius
             ,
             that
             the
             Chief
             Command
             was
             by
             his
             whole
             Party
             ,
             freely
             yielded
             to
             him
             ,
             as
             to
             the
             Person
             ,
             undoubtedly
             of
             the
             greatest
             merit
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             highest
             Worth
             and
             Renown
             ;
             whereas
             many
             contended
             with
             Eumenes
             ,
             till
             by
             his
             great
             Performances
             ,
             he
             at
             length
             obtained
             the
             Superiority
             .
          
           
             The
             Soldiery
             followed
             the
             one
             ,
             being
             earnestly
             desirous
             to
             be
             Commanded
             by
             him
             ,
             and
             submitted
             themselves
             to
             the
             other
             for
             their
             own
             security
             .
             The
             one
             being
             a
             Roman
             ,
             was
             the
             General
             of
             the
             Spaniards
             and
             Lusitanians
             ,
             who
             for
             many
             years
             before
             ,
             had
             been
             under
             the
             Subjection
             of
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             ;
             and
             the
             other
             a
             Cherronesian
             ,
             was
             chief
             Commander
             of
             the
             
             Macedonians
             ,
             who
             were
             the
             great
             Conquerors
             of
             Mankind
             ,
             and
             had
             at
             times
             subdued
             the
             World.
             Sertorius
             being
             already
             in
             high
             esteem
             for
             his
             Courage
             and
             Conduct
             ,
             and
             admired
             for
             his
             former
             services
             in
             the
             Wars
             ,
             and
             his
             great
             Abilities
             in
             the
             Senate-House
             ,
             was
             advanced
             to
             the
             Dignity
             of
             a
             General
             over
             a
             great
             and
             numerous
             Army
             .
             Whereas
             Eumenes
             obtained
             this
             honour
             from
             the
             Office
             of
             a
             Writer
             or
             Secretary
             ,
             and
             from
             having
             been
             a
             long
             while
             despised
             by
             the
             great
             Ones
             ,
             for
             his
             Scribling
             Employment
             .
             Nor
             did
             he
             only
             at
             first
             take
             his
             rise
             from
             these
             slender
             Opportunities
             ,
             but
             afterwards
             also
             met
             with
             great
             Impediments
             in
             the
             further
             Encrease
             ,
             and
             Progress
             of
             his
             Honour
             and
             Authority
             ,
             and
             that
             ,
             not
             only
             from
             those
             who
             publickly
             resisted
             him
             ,
             but
             from
             many
             others
             that
             privately
             Conspired
             against
             him
             ;
             but
             it
             was
             much
             otherwise
             with
             Sertorius
             ,
             for
             not
             one
             of
             his
             Party
             did
             ever
             publickly
             oppose
             him
             ,
             or
             promote
             any
             Insurrection
             against
             him
             ;
             nor
             secretly
             ;
             till
             at
             last
             a
             few
             of
             his
             Acquaintance
             entered
             into
             a
             private
             Conspiracy
             .
             Sertorius
             put
             an
             end
             to
             his
             Dangers
             ,
             as
             often
             as
             he
             was
             Victorious
             in
             the
             Field
             ,
             whereas
             the
             Victories
             of
             Eumenes
             were
             the
             beginning
             of
             his
             Calamities
             ,
             through
             the
             Malice
             of
             those
             that
             envied
             his
             Glory
             .
          
           
             Their
             martial
             performances
             were
             equal
             
             and
             parallel
             ,
             but
             their
             manners
             and
             inclinations
             were
             different
             .
             Eumenes
             naturally
             loved
             War
             and
             Contention
             ,
             but
             Sertorius
             esteemed
             Peace
             and
             Tranquility
             :
             When
             Eumenes
             might
             have
             lived
             in
             safety
             ,
             with
             honour
             ,
             if
             he
             would
             have
             quietly
             retired
             ,
             he
             persisted
             in
             his
             contentions
             ,
             and
             made
             War
             with
             the
             greatest
             of
             the
             Macedonian
             Princes
             ,
             with
             the
             danger
             and
             loss
             of
             his
             Life
             :
             But
             Sertorius
             ,
             who
             was
             unwilling
             to
             trouble
             himself
             with
             any
             publick
             disturbances
             ,
             was
             forced
             ,
             for
             the
             safety
             of
             his
             Person
             ,
             to
             make
             War
             against
             those
             who
             would
             not
             suffer
             him
             to
             live
             in
             peace
             :
             If
             Eumenes
             had
             not
             violently
             contended
             for
             the
             Superiority
             ,
             or
             could
             have
             contented
             himself
             with
             the
             second
             place
             ,
             Antigonus
             would
             have
             used
             him
             handsomly
             ,
             and
             shewn
             him
             all
             favour
             and
             respect
             ,
             whereas
             
             Pompey's
             Friends
             would
             never
             permit
             Sertorius
             to
             live
             in
             quiet
             .
             The
             one
             made
             War
             of
             his
             own
             accord
             ,
             out
             of
             his
             ambition
             to
             Rule
             and
             Govern
             ;
             and
             the
             other
             was
             constrained
             to
             accept
             of
             the
             Soveraign
             Power
             and
             Authority
             ,
             to
             defend
             himself
             from
             his
             Enemies
             that
             made
             War
             against
             him
             .
             Eumenes
             was
             certainly
             a
             true
             Lover
             of
             War
             ,
             for
             he
             preferr'd
             his
             covetous
             Ambition
             before
             his
             own
             ease
             and
             security
             ;
             but
             Sertorius
             was
             truly
             warlike
             ,
             who
             procured
             his
             own
             safety
             by
             the
             successful
             force
             of
             his
             Arms.
             
          
           
             As
             to
             the
             manner
             of
             their
             Deaths
             ,
             it
             hapned
             
             to
             one
             without
             the
             least
             thought
             or
             surmise
             of
             it
             ;
             but
             to
             the
             other
             when
             he
             suspected
             it
             daily
             ;
             which
             in
             the
             first
             argued
             a
             clear
             equal
             temper
             ,
             and
             a
             noble
             mind
             not
             to
             distrust
             his
             Friends
             :
             But
             in
             the
             other
             it
             shewed
             some
             infirmity
             of
             Spirit
             ,
             for
             Eumenes
             intended
             to
             fly
             and
             was
             taken
             .
             The
             death
             of
             Sertorius
             dishonoured
             not
             his
             life
             ,
             he
             suffered
             that
             from
             his
             companions
             ,
             that
             none
             of
             his
             mortal
             enemies
             were
             ever
             able
             to
             perform
             .
             The
             other
             not
             being
             able
             to
             deliver
             himself
             before
             his
             imprisonment
             ,
             being
             willing
             also
             to
             live
             in
             captivity
             ,
             did
             neither
             prevent
             nor
             expect
             his
             fate
             with
             any
             honour
             or
             bravery
             ;
             for
             by
             meanly
             supplicating
             and
             petitioning
             ,
             he
             made
             his
             enemy
             ,
             that
             pretended
             only
             to
             have
             power
             over
             his
             Body
             ,
             to
             be
             Lord
             and
             Master
             of
             his
             Body
             and
             Mind
             .
          
           
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A55202-e1470
           
             Descent
             of
             Pyrrhus
             .
          
           
             Pursu'd
             by
             Enemies
             while
             an
             Infant
             hardly
             escapes
             .
          
           
             Glaucias
             surpriz'd
             with
             an
             ominous
             action
             of
             the
             Child
             ,
             resolves
             to
             protect
             him
             .
          
           
             Instead
             of
             upper
             Teeth
             one
             Bone.
             
          
           
             He
             touches
             for
             the
             Spleen
             .
          
           
             An
             early
             Warriour
             ,
          
           
             His
             exercises
             .
          
           
             Care
             of
             his
             Interest
             .
          
           
             Temperance
             .
          
           
             Builds
             the
             City
             Berenicis
             .
          
           
             Pyrrhus
             designs
             mighty
             Things
             .
          
           
             Jealousies
             between
             Pyrrhus
             and
             his
             Brother-in-Law
             Demetrius
             .
          
           
             Glories
             in
             his
             Descent
             from
             Achilles
             .
          
           
             He
             fights
             single
             with
             Pantanchus
             ,
          
           
             How
             Pyrrhus
             imitated
             Alexander
             the
             Great
             .
          
           
             Writes
             Commentaries
             of
             Military
             Discipline
             .
          
           
             
             Hannibal's
             Judgment
             of
             Pyrrhus
             .
          
           
             What
             he
             held
             the
             only
             Philosophy
             of
             Kings
             .
          
           
             His
             Marriages
             and
             Issue
             .
          
           
             His
             Sons
             all
             bred
             to
             War.
             
          
           
             How
             Pyrrhus
             accepts
             the
             Appellation
             of
             an
             Eagle
             .
          
           
             Vast
             Preparation
             of
             Demetrius
             .
          
           
             The
             Army
             of
             Demetrius
             revolts
             to
             Pyrrhus
             .
          
           
             Himself
             escapes
             with
             difficulty
             ,
             in
             a
             mean
             disguise
             .
          
           
             Ambitious
             Princes
             ill
             Neighbours
             .
          
           
             Pyrrhus
             his
             Advice
             to
             the
             Athenians
             .
          
           
             The
             Macedonians
             revolt
             from
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             just
             as
             they
             had
             done
             before
             from
             Demetrius
             .
          
           
             Pyrrhus
             uneasie
             without
             War.
             
          
           
             The
             Occasion
             of
             his
             War
             with
             the
             Romans
             .
          
           
             Pyrrhus
             his
             great
             Esteem
             of
             Eloquence
             .
          
           
             Cineas
             represents
             to
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             he
             had
             all
             that
             already
             ,
             which
             he
             sought
             by
             the
             labours
             and
             hazzards
             of
             War.
             
          
           
             Pyrrhus
             his
             Fleet
             dispers'd
             by
             Storm
             .
          
           
             Himself
             in
             Great
             danger
             .
          
           
             His
             severe
             Discipline
             unpleasing
             to
             the
             Tarentines
             .
          
           
             Pyrrhus
             his
             Judgment
             of
             the
             
             Roman's
             Encamping
             .
          
           
             His
             first
             Engagement
             with
             them
             .
          
           
             His
             Courage
             without
             Passion
             .
          
           
             The
             Roman
             Army
             routed
             .
          
           
             They
             not
             at
             all
             discourag'd
             .
          
           
             They
             refuse
             Pyrrhus
             his
             Presents
             and
             Offers
             of
             Peace
             .
          
           
             
               Appius
               Claudius
            
             his
             Speech
             against
             a
             Peace
             with
             Pyrrhus
             .
          
           
             The
             Romans
             reject
             all
             Overtures
             of
             Peace
             till
             Pyrrhus
             be
             first
             gone
             out
             of
             Italy
             .
          
           
             The
             Roman
             Senate
             .
          
           
             Caius
             Fabritius
             .
          
           
             Contemns
             Riches
             ,
             though
             extreamly
             poor
             .
          
           
             Much
             admir'd
             by
             Pyrrhus
             .
          
           
             Discovers
             to
             Pyrrhus
             a
             Design
             to
             poyson
             him
             .
          
           
             A
             second
             Engagement
             with
             the
             Romans
             .
          
           
             
             Pyrrhus's
             Reply
             to
             one
             that
             gave
             him
             Joy
             of
             his
             Victory
             .
          
           
             Pyrrhus
             goes
             into
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             The
             mighty
             personal
             Valour
             of
             Pyrrhus
             .
          
           
             The
             Mamertines
             .
          
           
             Pyrrhus
             disobliges
             the
             Sicilians
             .
          
           
             They
             revolt
             from
             him
             .
          
           
             He
             is
             call'd
             over
             again
             into
             Italy
             .
          
           
             His
             Prophetick
             farewel
             to
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             A
             third
             Fight
             with
             the
             Romans
             .
          
           
             The
             Romans
             now
             at
             once
             gain
             both
             Victory
             and
             Empire
             .
          
           
             Pyrrhus
             held
             the
             best
             Souldier
             of
             all
             Princes
             of
             his
             Time.
             
          
           
             Antigonus
             his
             Character
             of
             him
             .
          
           
             Returns
             home
             out
             of
             Italy
             .
          
           
             His
             fresh
             Successes
             there
             .
          
           
             Conquers
             Antigonus
             .
          
           
             Pyrrhus
             invited
             against
             Sparta
             .
          
           
             Here
             Plutarch
             himself
             changes
             his
             style
             into
             the
             broad
             Poric
             .
          
           
             Pyrrhus
             too
             secure
             of
             Success
             ,
             loseth
             the
             opportunity
             of
             taking
             Sparta
             .
          
           
             The
             great
             Resolution
             of
             the
             Spartan
             Ladies
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             Pyrrhus
             draws
             off
             from
             Sparta
             .
          
           
             Pyrrhus
             sent
             for
             to
             Argos
             .
          
           
             Ptolomee
             one
             of
             his
             Sons
             kill'd
             .
          
           
             
             Antigonus's
             answer
             to
             a
             Challenge
             Pyrrhus
             .
          
           
             He
             enters
             the
             Town
             by
             Night
             undiscovered
             .
          
           
             Infinite
             confusion
             on
             all
             hands
             in
             the
             Night
             .
          
           
             The
             Sight
             of
             a
             Figure
             in
             the
             Market-place
             ,
             strikes
             him
             with
             horrour
             .
          
           
             A
             remarkable
             kindness
             of
             an
             Elephant
             to
             his
             keeper
             .
          
           
             Pyrrhus
             almost
             killed
             by
             a
             Tile
             thrown
             off
             an
             house
             by
             an
             old
             Woman
             .
          
           
             Pyrrhus
             when
             half
             dead
             ,
             terrifies
             a
             Soldier
             so
             with
             a
             Look
             ,
             he
             could
             hardly
             cut
             off
             his
             Head.
             
          
           
             Royal
             Generosity
             of
             Antigonus
             .
          
           
             
             Marius's
             Statue
             .
          
           
             *
             Cisalpina
             .
          
           
             His
             Parentage
             .
          
           
             His
             Tribuneship
             .
          
           
             His
             standing
             to
             be
             Aedile
             .
          
           
             His
             Praetorship
             and
             accusation
             .
          
           
             His
             Wife
             .
          
           
             His
             Deportment
             in
             the
             War
             against
             Jugurtha
             .
          
           
             Turpilius
             ▪
             
          
           
             Marius
             an
             Enemy
             to
             him
             .
          
           
             M●rius
             goes
             to
             Rome
             .
          
           
             His
             first
             Consulship
             .
          
           
             *
             See
             his
             Speech
             in
             Salust
             .
          
           
             
             Metellus's
             grief
             for
             giving
             place
             to
             him
             .
          
           
             Jugurtha
             delivered
             to
             Sylla
             .
          
           
             Sylla
             provokes
             Marius
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Cimbri
             ,
             though
             a
             Northern
             People
             ,
             yet
             having
             routed
             Mallius
             and
             Caepio
             in
             Spain
             and
             Gallia
             ,
             came
             immediately
             from
             those
             Parts
             to
             Rome
             .
          
           
             The
             Teutones
             and
             Cimbri
             .
          
           
             *
             Not
             Thieves
             ,
             though
             Latrones
             now
             generally
             signifies
             in
             the
             worse
             sence
             .
          
           
             S.
             Odyss
             .
             11.
             
          
           
             
             Marius's
             second
             Consulship
             .
          
           
             His
             Triumph
             .
          
           
             His
             disciplining
             his
             Army
             .
          
           
             His
             good
             Fortune
             .
          
           
             Hih
             Justice
             .
          
           
             Trebonius
             .
          
           
             
             Marius's
             Third
             Consulship
             .
          
           
             His
             Fourth
             Consulship
             .
          
           
             La
             Fosse
             Mariane
             .
          
           
             
             Marius's
             Policy
             .
          
           
             His
             Soldiers
             Complaints
             .
          
           
             Martha
             a
             Prophetess
             .
          
           
             Vultures
             appear
             .
          
           
             Other
             Prodigies
             .
          
           
             Batabaces
             .
          
           
             The
             Battel
             begun
             by
             Slaves
             .
          
           
             The
             Fight
             .
          
           
             The
             second
             Battel
             .
          
           
             
             Marius's
             Fifth
             Consulship
             .
          
           
             He
             allows
             the
             fashion
             of
             the
             Piles
             .
          
           
             Baeorix
             .
          
           
             The
             Romans
             well
             exercised
             .
          
           
             The
             Cimbrian
             Women's
             cruelty
             .
          
           
             Marius
             and
             Catulus
             Triumph
             .
          
           
             How
             Marius
             got
             his
             sixth
             Consulshiy
             .
          
           
             His
             Faction
             with
             Glaucias
             and
             Saturninus
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             
               seems
               to
               be
               a
               mistake
               for
            
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             His
             Design
             to
             entrap
             Metellus
             .
          
           
             His
             double
             dealing
             with
             the
             Senate
             and
             Commons
             .
          
           
             Why
             he
             was
             not
             Candidate
             for
             the
             Censorship
             .
          
           
             His
             Impudence
             to
             Mithridates
             .
          
           
             His
             dispute
             with
             Sylla
             .
          
           
             The
             Consederates
             War.
             
          
           
             *
             Or
             Popedius
             .
          
           
             Marius
             affects
             to
             be
             thought
             young
             .
          
           
             
             Sulpitius's
             Riot
             .
          
           
             Sylla
             drives
             Marius
             from
             Rome
             .
          
           
             Young
             
             Marius's
             escape
             .
          
           
             
             Marius's
             distress
             .
          
           
             His
             good
             Hopes
             .
          
           
             Marius
             is
             taken
             and
             sent
             to
             Minturnae
             .
          
           
             
             Fannias's
             kindness
             to
             him
             .
          
           
             His
             good
             Omen
             .
          
           
             A
             Gaul
             attempts
             to
             kill
             him
             .
          
           
             He
             is
             brought
             by
             Minturnae
             to
             the
             Sea.
             
          
           
             
             Hiempsal's
             designs
             upon
             young
             Marius
             .
          
           
             He
             makes
             his
             escape
             .
          
           
             Cinna
             raises
             a
             Sedition
             .
          
           
             Marius
             returns
             to
             Italy
             .
          
           
             And
             joins
             himself
             with
             Cinna
             .
          
           
             
             Octavius's
             ill
             Conduct
             .
          
           
             Marius
             and
             Cinna
             are
             called
             to
             Rome
             .
          
           
             
             Marius's
             cruelty
             .
          
           
             Cornutus
             preserved
             by
             his
             Servants
             .
          
           
             
               Marcus
               Antonius
            
             slain
             .
          
           
             Catulus
             kills
             himself
             .
          
           
             The
             villainies
             and
             punishment
             of
             the
             Bardiaei
             .
          
           
             
             Marius's
             Seventh
             Consulship
             .
          
           
             His
             discontent
             and
             death
             .
          
           
             Plato
             .
          
           
             Antipater
             .
          
           
             Young
             Marius
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A55202-e21040
           
             At
             seven
             pence
             half
             penny
             a
             Drachma
             .
          
           
             Romans
             and
             Perthians
             .
          
           
             *
             Nicomedes
             and
             Ariobarzanes
             .
          
           
             *
             Acilius
             .
          
           
             *
             Philip
             &
             Perses
             .
          
           
             *
             About
             six
             bushel
             .
          
           
             *
             About
             a
             Pint.
             
          
           
             *
             Thermopule
             .
          
           
             *
             Plutarch's
             Country-man
             a
             -
             Chaeronean
             .
          
           
             *
             Plutarch
             '
             s.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Commanders
             of
             King
             Mithridates
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A55202-e37890
           
             *
             Pieces
             of
             Money
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             A
             Fish
             that
             grows
             mad
             after
             Midsummer
             .
          
           
             Clark
             of
             the
             Market
             .
          
           
             Metropolis
             of
             Aegypt
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             300000.
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             
               more
               than
               a
               Bushel
            
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             2700000
             ▪
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A55202-e55620
           
             Of
             Timaeus
             the
             Historian
             .
          
           
             *
             Nicias
             .
          
           
             †
             Images
             of
             Mercury
             .
          
           
             ‡
             Proserpina
             .
          
           
             Three
             eminent
             Citizens
             .
          
           
             *
             Theramenes
             Cothurnus
             .
          
           
             
             Nicias's
             Acts
             of
             devotion
             .
          
           
             His
             Timorousness
             .
          
           
             Informer
             .
          
           
             Poor
             man.
             
          
           
             Informer
             .
          
           
             Author
             .
          
           
             Reservedness
             .
          
           
             His
             caution
             .
          
           
             His
             Success
             .
          
           
             Cleon.
             
          
           
             Alcibiades
             .
          
           
             Ambassy
             to
             Sparta
             .
          
           
             Ostracism
             .
          
           
             Hyperbolus
             .
          
           
             Nicias
             against
             th●
             War.
             
          
           
             Prodigies
             .
          
           
             Meton
             .
          
           
             Socrates
             his
             genius
             .
          
           
             Lamachus
             ▪
             
          
           
             Gylippus
             .
          
           
             An
             Eclipse
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             35000.
             l.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             for
             the
             Streets
             were
             exceeding
             narrow
             ,
             &
             crooked
             ,
             and
             built
             most
             with
             Timber
             ,
             after
             it
             had
             been
             burnt
             by
             the
             Gauls
             .
          
           
             He
             alludes
             to
             Aesop's
             Fable
             of
             the
             Sack
             ,
             that
             we
             put
             our
             own
             faults
             in
             the
             bottom
             ,
             and
             other
             Mens
             in
             the
             top
             of
             it
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A55202-e72440
           
             Great
             Commanders
             who
             had
             but
             one
             Eye
             ,
             
               Philip
               ,
               Antigonus
               ,
               Hannibal
               ,
               Sertorius
               ,
            
             and
             others
             .
          
           
             Sertorius
             compared
             with
             Eumenes
             .
          
           
             Sertorius
             was
             of
             a
             Noble
             Family
             .
          
           
             Sertorius
             was
             a
             good
             Orator
             .
          
           
             He
             swims
             cross
             the
             Rhosne
             in
             his
             Armor
             .
          
           
             He
             is
             sent
             as
             a
             Spy
             into
             the
             Camp
             of
             the
             Cimbri
             and
             Teutones
             ,
             to
             discover
             their
             Designs
             .
          
           
             He
             is
             sent
             into
             Spain
             under
             Didius
             the
             Praetor
             .
          
           
             He
             recovers
             the
             City
             of
             Castulo
             .
          
           
             He
             deceives
             the
             Gyrisaenians
             ,
             and
             takes
             their
             City
             .
          
           
             He
             is
             made
             Questor
             of
             
               Gallia
               Cisalpina
            
             ,
             now
             called
             Lombordy
             .
          
           
             Sertorius
             highly
             applauded
             by
             the
             People
             .
          
           
             A
             Battel
             fought
             in
             the
             Forum
             at
             Rome
             .
          
           
             The
             Army
             commanded
             by
             
               Cinna
               ,
               Marius
            
             ,
             and
             Sertorius
             .
          
           
             Sertorius
             punishes
             the
             insolency
             of
             the
             Slaves
             
          
           
             He
             leaves
             Italy
             and
             hastens
             into
             Spain
             .
          
           
             He
             sends
             
               Julius
               Salinator
            
             to
             Guard
             the
             narrow
             passages
             of
             the
             Pyrenaean
             Mountains
             .
          
           
             Cartagana
             .
          
           
             Pityusa
             ,
             Ebusus
             ,
             now
             .
             Y●ica
             
          
           
             Baetis
             or
             Guadil
             quiver
             .
          
           
             Called
             from
             them
             
               Hispania
               Baetica
            
             .
          
           
             The
             fortunate
             Islands
             .
          
           
             Sertorius
             desirous
             to
             live
             in
             the
             Fortunate
             Islands
             .
          
           
             He
             takes
             the
             City
             of
             Tingis
             ,
             now
             Tangier
             .
          
           
             He
             causeth
             the
             Tomb
             of
             Antaeus
             to
             be
             opened
             .
          
           
             The
             Lusitanians
             send
             Embassadors
             to
             him
             .
          
           
             Sertorius's
             Hind
             .
          
           
             Mellaria
             now
             Tariffa
             ,
             between
             Trafalgar
             and
             Gibralter
             ,
             in
             the
             Streights
             mouth
             .
             
               Cape
               Spartel
            
             ,
             and
             
               Trafalgar
               ,
               Abyla
            
             ,
             and
             Gribalter
             ,
             are
             places
             well
             known
             to
             Seamen
             that
             Sail
             into
             the
             Mediterranean
             Sea.
             
          
           
             Pompey
             sent
             against
             Sertorius
             .
          
           
             Sertorius
             challenges
             Metellus
             .
          
           
             Sertorius
             relieves
             the
             City
             of
             the
             Lagobrites
             .
          
           
             Osca
             Huesca
             .
          
           
             Sertorius
             infinitely
             beloved
             by
             the
             Spaniard
             .
          
           
             The
             Roman
             Soldiers
             with
             Perpenna
             desire
             to
             be
             under
             his
             Command
             .
          
           
             Perpenna
             joins
             his
             forces
             with
             Sertorius
             .
          
           
             His
             Stratagem
             against
             the
             Characitanians
             .
          
           
             Caecias
             is
             the
             North-East-Wind
             or
             the
             North-East
             ●and
             by
             East
             .
          
           
             The
             Siege
             of
             Lauron
             .
          
           
             Sertorius
             burns
             the
             City
             of
             Lauron
             in
             the
             sight
             of
             Pompey
             the
             Great
             who
             is
             not
             able
             to
             relieve
             it
             .
          
           
             Pompey
             in
             great
             danger
             ,
             wounded
             ,
             and
             thrown
             from
             his
             Horse
             .
          
           
             Sertorius
             overthrows
             Afranius
             .
          
           
             He
             fights
             with
             the
             Romans
             in
             the
             Territories
             of
             the
             Saguntines
             .
          
           
             Memmius
             slain
             .
          
           
             Metellus
             wounded
             .
          
           
             He
             cuts
             off
             all
             Provision
             from
             the
             Roman
             Army
             both
             by
             Sea
             and
             Land.
             
          
           
             He
             constitutes
             a
             Senate
             out
             of
             the
             Roman
             Senators
             which
             fled
             to
             him
             from
             Rome
             .
          
           
             His
             Treaty
             with
             Mithridates
             .
          
           
             Mithridates
             sends
             Embassadours
             to
             Sertorius
             .
          
           
             He
             makes
             a
             League
             with
             King
             Mithridates
             .
          
           
             Perpenna
             conspires
             against
             Sertorius
             .
          
           
             The
             manner
             of
             
             Sertorius's
             Death
             .
          
           
             The
             Spaniards
             forsake
             the
             Conspirators
             ,
             and
             yield
             themselves
             up
             to
             Pompey
             and
             Metellus
             .
          
           
             Perpenna
             put
             to
             Death
             .