Sober and serious considerations occasioned by the death of His Most Sacred Majesty, King Charles II (of ever blessed memory), and the serious time of Lent following it together with a brief historical account of the first rise, progress, and increase of phanaticism in England and the fatal consequents thereof : now made publick in tendency to the peace of the kingdom / by a gentleman in communion with the Church of England, as now by law establish'd. Gentleman in communion with the Church of England. 1685 Approx. 88 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 25 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2008-09 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A24968 Wing A26 ESTC R11430 11823534 ocm 11823534 49614 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. 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Great Britain -- Religion -- 17th century. 2007-01 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2007-01 Aptara Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2007-07 Elspeth Healey Sampled and proofread 2007-07 Elspeth Healey Text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion SOBER and SERIOUS CONSIDERATIONS : Occasioned by the Death of His Most Sacred MAJESTY , King Charles II. ( Of ever Blessed Memory , ) AND THE Serious Time of LENT , following it . TOGETHER , With a Brief Historical Account of the First Rise , Progress , and Increase of Phanaticism , in England ; and the Fatal Consequents thereof . Now made Publick , in tendency to the Peace of the Kingdom . By a Gentleman in Communion with the Church of England , as now by Law Establish'd . Pudeat , pudeat illos nomine tenus Christianos , quibus quod ad hanc rem attinet , Ethnici rectius sapuerunt . Hiper . LONDON , Printed by John Leake , for Luke Meredith , at the King's Head , at the West End of St. Paul's Church-Yard , MDCLXXXV . TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE , GEORGE Lord DARTMOVTH , Master of the Horse to His Present Majesty , &c. My Lord , YOur Lordship 's favourable Reception , some Years since , of my Character of an Honest Man , whether call'd Whigg or Tory , and Vindication of the Succession ; then presented by my particular order into Your Hands by the Bookseller , hath now emboldned me to affix Your Lordship's Name to this Serious , and ( I hope ) Seasonable Discourse : The Design whereof , being the promoting of the Honour of the Supreme Majesty of Heaven and Earth , of True Religion and Vertue , of Loyalty and Love to our Gracious Sovereign , of Truth and Justice , Vnity and Peace among us at Home , yea , throughout Christendom . Which therefore ( although but a small and mean Pamphlet ) may humbly crave Your Lordship's Patronage : Be pleased , however , to vouchsafe Your Lordship's Pardon to him , who cannot but still persist in the Detestation of all Knavery and Dishonesty , whether Civil or Religious ; and endeavour to approve himself Faithful to GOD , affectionately Loyal to his Prince , a True Son of the Church of England , in its present Establishment ; And therefore , as such , he takes the Boldness to subscribe himself , My Lord , Your Lordship 's most Humble and Devoted Servant , P. A. SOBER and SERIOUS CONSIDERATIONS , Occasioned by the Death of His Most Sacred MAJESTY , King Charles II. ALTHOUGH I may say , in the words of a worthy Author , That in our times there have been many good Books , which may be said to echo one another ; this Age being as fruitful in Words , as barren in Works , enclining to speak much , and do nothing : Nevertheless in matters of Devotion , or Honour of God , ( as the said Author saith ) it is apparent , that a Man can never say too much , that which he can never do enough ; and that in so great scarcity of worthy Acts , we should not be sparing of good Words . To which I may further add , That where a People have been much corrupted , and poysoned with false , wicked and seditious Principles , there is great need of sober , serious , and sound Discourses , to rectifie the said evil , and to prevent and hinder the mischief thereby threatned to the Nation ; for else wicked and seditious Principles will produce ( whenever opportunity is offered ) wicked and rebellious Practices . Now , in the way to serious and sound Considerations , which God by his Providences seems to call upon us for at this time , it cannot be unfit , although by way of digression , to commend the usefulness of the time of Lent ; that time of seriousness and consideration . The Antiquity whereof , as a late Author observes , is such ; It is like the River Nilus , we can scarce find the Head , it being mentioned by Ignatius and Irenaeus , two of St. John's Scholars , by Origen , who lived not long after them , by the Famous Council of Nice , where they mention the forty days of Lent , as a thing known and long observ'd before their time : as also , we have the Precedent of Fasting from our Blessed Saviour , and he enjoyning the same as a Duty to his Apostles . And certainly , no Man , who believes he hath a precious and immortal Soul to save , can make any doubt or question , Whether a Solemn time of Religious Fasting and Abstinence , a time of calling our selves to an Account , a time of Repentance and sober Consideration , can be unsuitable , but highly Advantageous as to our Eternal Welfare : and therefore cannot look upon it otherwise , than as an excellent and wholesome Constitution of the Christian Church , in requiring a Religious Observation of Lent , in Commemoration of our Blessed Saviour's Fasting and Temptation ; and accordingly , our Mother , the Church of England , hath excellently expressed the use of it in the Collect for that Sunday in Lent. O Lord ! who for our sakes didst Fast forty days and forty nights ; give us Grace to use such Abstinence , that our Flesh being subdued to the Spirit , we may ever obey thy godly Motions in Righteousness and true Holiness , to thy Honor and Glory , &c. We also know well , that the grand Reason and Ground of the prevalency of Vice and Wickedness in the World , is chiefly and primarily from the want of sober and serious Consideration ; for this is an undoubted Maxim ; That inconsiderate Men , are wicked Men ; for it must needs be so , when Men are led by their sensual Appetites , which stick close to them , their Reason lies as it were asleep . It had need be therefore awakened by serious Consideration ; for if Reason be out of Act , and Exercise , Sin will be committed . Now , how hardly are Men brought to this necessary duty , of a serious view and reflection upon themselves , their Lives and Conversations ( especially if they be evil ) and in order to their highest and greatest Concern , the Salvation of their Souls , is too evident to any considering Man ; as if they thought their Souls were the vilest and worst part of themselves , least worth regard . Let us further consider , That it is found by Practice and Experience , ( the best Instructer ) that the religious Observation of this time of Lent , hath proved to be a mighty restraint to Prophaneness and Debauchery ; yea , even where men are most exquisite in wickedness . That it hath been a matter of wonder to Travellers , to see what an Appearance , at least , there is of Demureness , Sobriety and Seriousness generally all men take upon them at this time : I shall give it you in the words of a worthy Gentleman of our own Church and Nation , a great Traveller and Observer in foreign parts ; when speaking of Italy he saith , That , notwithstanding their Vice , during the time of Lent , the People of all sorts are much Reformed , no such blaspheming , nor dirty speaking as before their Vanity of all sorts laid reasonably aside , their Pleasures abandoned ; their Apparel , their Diet , and all things else composed to Austerity , and a State of Penitence : They have daily then their Preaching , with Collection of Alms , whereto all men resort , and to judge of them by their outward shew : They seem generally to have very great Remorse of their Wickedness ; insomuch as , I must confess , I seemed unto my self in Italy to have best learned the right use of Lent ; there first to have discerned the great fruit of it , and the Reason for which those Sages in the Church at first did institute it . Neither can I easily accord ( as the said worthy Author goes on ) to the Fancies of such , as , because we ought at all times to lead a Life worthy of our Profession , think it therefore superstitious to have one time wherein to exact or expect it more than other ; but do thus rather conceive , that the corruption of Times , and wickedness of Man's Nature is so exorbitant , that it is a hard matter to hold the ordinary sort of Men , at all times , within the Lists of Piety , Justice and Sobriety : It is fit therefore there should be one time at least in the year , and that of a reasonable continuance according to the practice of all Men , ( for the Jews and Turks have their Lents ) to constrain Men , how wicked and wretchless soever , for that time at least , to recal themselves to some more severe Cogitations and Courses ; lest Sin , having no such Bridle to check it at any time , should at length become head-strong and unconquerable in them ; as also to inure Men , though but to a bare shew of Vertue , they might afterwards perhaps more seriously persist in it . Thus we have the Relation of the manner of Observation of Lent in foreign parts , among the Romanists , with his Judicious Comment thereupon . Now certainly , we have as great Reason to be obliged to the strict Observation of this time , as others , upon the Reasons aforesaid : For it is too evident , Vice and Wickedness grows upon us and abounds , and had need have Restraints put upon it , lest it swallow us up ; and therefore ( instead of making a mock at the Religious Observation of this Solemn Time among the Romanists ) let us learn Vertue and Goodness from our Adversaries ; and laying aside our Vanity and Wickedness , let us become grave and serious ; sober , penitent and reformed : For shall it be said , when the whole Christian World are all solemnly sober , serious , considerative , are humbling their Souls before God with Fastings and Mortifications , and are upon their Knees before God , and frequent and fervent in their Devotions , That we in England ( that own our selves to be Reformed , and better Christians ) are taken up with our Jollities and Feastings , yea , our Debauches and Excesses , and have not so much sense of our Sins , and Transgressions of the Divine Laws , and our great Provocations of the Divine Majesty , as to be so far displeased with our selves for the same , as to deny our selves now and then a meals Meat , or at least somewhat of our Excesses , or from our more pleasant food , in the sense of our great unworthiness , by reason of our horrid Ingratitude in our many heinous Sins and Offences against the Supreme Majesty of Heaven ; and thereby taking an actual Revenge upon our selves for the same ; or so far however , at least , as the same Abstinence may promote , and further in us a solemn , serious Consideration of our Ways and Doings , the state of our Souls , and may enflame and add force to our Devotions to God , both in behalf of our selves and others ; yea , the whole Church of God ? Let us consider also , of this outward Appearance , and Face of Religion ; and to be serious , although it be but for a time , what effect it may have upon us : Who knows not , but it may somewhat make Impression on mens Minds , as to fall in love and likeing of sincere and true Piety and it may in time prevail upon them , to become honest and upright , and not only lay aside their Wickedness for a season , but wholly abandon their Lusts : For this restraint for a time must mightily convince them , That they have a power over themselves to restrain their disordered and vitious Appetites for a time ; and then , why not longer if they please ? It will also inure and accustom them to the duties of Religion , and denial of their sensual Appetites ; but , however , they are more worthy of Commendation , and are doubtless less wicked , who thus far subject themselves to Authority , than such who will not be perswaded to lay aside their sins for a time , and who will observe no time of Humiliation of their Souls , and extraordinary Devotions , and of Seriousness and Consideration . Especially , if we consider how far a formal and hypocritical Humiliation of a wicked Ahab had acceptance with God ; as the deliverance of him from a temporal Judgment , and that it should be suspended during his days . Let us consider further : How highly Advantageous the Religious Observation of the time of Lent may prove to such Christians , who are desirous , and will but endeavour sincerely to set about the Religious Duties of this Holy Fast ; of Consideration , and serious Reflection upon themselves ; of Reading , Meditation , Fasting and Prayer , Repentance , by putting them upon this great Work ; which , if it were not imposed upon them , they would perhaps very carelesly and slightly pass over , or possibly never find a time to apply themselves to these Duties at all ; and if it should be but only to lay aside our Sins for a season , as I touch'd before : they being then estranged , and , as it weree , mancipated from their Lusts and Habits of Sin for a time , and so far in a greater Capacity to discern and apprehend Divine Truths , and the Excellency of Christianity , of Vertue and true Goodness , and to taste of that present Felicity which is in the very practice of it , ( which if Men had but once a Relish of , they would doubtless never return to live upon Husks with Swine any more ) which else , by the continual steam of their Lusts and Vices , while they wallow in them , would be so blinded and infatuated in their Understandings , not able to know their right hand from the left , not to distinguish between Light and Darkness , Good and Evil ; which , together with the Advantage to themselves of their extraordinary Devotions for God's Grace to Assist them in their honest endeavours , and then consulting at that time also a good Spiritual Director of their Souls , for his ghostly Councel and Advice , especially how to avoid the occasions of Sin for the future , and to be armed against such Assaults as they may meet with in their Christian Course ; and how to frame their holy Resolutions of Amendment of their Lives , so , that they may be successful to them for the future , that they may vow , and perform their Vows to God. All which afore-mentioned Duties , are doubtless the Christian Duties , as at other times , so especially what this time puts us upon . And as to such Persons as are truly vertuous and good , how pleasant and acceptable must needs such a time be to them , a season of extraordinary Exercise of Piety , Charity and Devotion , having this more Solemn time of Consideration and Examination of their Hearts and Ways , their Slips and Deviations from their Holy Profession , and making their Accounts even with God , and en-enjoying his Favor ( for as we speak in our Temporal Concerns , That often and even reckoning makes long Friends ; so without question , this is the best way to keep friendship with Heaven ) and humbling their Souls before God , in a sense of their own Sins and Transgressions : And then , bewailing the wickedness of the Nation they live in , and supplicating God for pardon ; and more especially , pouring forth their Souls in fervent and frequent Devotions both publick and private , in Reading , Meditation and good Conference , in renewing of their Vows and Covenants with God , resigning themselves up to their Lord and Master , the ever Blessed Jesus ; and participating of that Blessed Feast , the Sacrament of the Body and Blood of their Crucified Saviour , there receiving the Pledge , Seal and Assurance of the pardon of their Sins , the Favor and Love of God , and from that Blessed Feast of Easter , that time of Jubile , run with Alacrity and Chearfulness of Heart ( like the Sun in his Course ) that Blessed Christian Race , the end whereof will be an eternal weight of Glory ; which will as far exceed all our Thoughts and Hearts , as it now exceeds our Deserts . Now , when these things are duly considered , none I hope will cry out with Judas , What means this Wast ? for can we take too much of wise , sober , serious Consideration about our eternal Concernments ( the principal Business of our Lives ? ) And although good Christians do this at other times also , especially before they approach the Holy Sacrament ; yet , why not now also , more solemnly and seriously , together with holy Abstinence and Fasting joyned to it , ( which adds advantage to our Prayers ) as it did to the Prayers of Cornelius ? And some Men may possibly be possest by long custom in Sin , such a stubborn Devil , who will not out without Prayer and Fasting , as our Saviour speaks , Mark 9. & 29. And by this means make this time highly Advantageous to us , for the promoting of Piety in our Souls , and making Religion not only our Profession , but , especially at this time , our Trade ; which , indeed , ought to be the great Business of our Lives , our greatest end and design we drive in the World. Let us all now consider , That God Almighty , by his extraordinary Providences , calls upon us to be serious , when the Cedars fall , and those who are his Vicegerents , and are Stiled by him , Gods on Earth do dye like Men ; when he hath signified his Displeasure against us for our great Sins and Provocations , and hath bereft us ( as it were ) of the Light of our Eyes , and the Breath of our Nostrils ; deprived us of our late Gracious Sovereign , the best of Princes : But yet nevertheless ( in midst of Judgment remembring Mercy ) hath richly again supplyed that great Loss unto us , which nothing ( but the furnishing us with such a Just and Gracious Prince we now have upon the Throne ) could have made up to us ; a Prince who hath often ( when a Subject ) hazarded his Life for our Honor and Defence ; and hath freely , of his own good Will and Pleasure , given us such great Assurance of Confirming to us the present Establishments both in Church and State ; such a Prince ( as , I have read , Plato discribes ) Under whom we may expect true Quietness and Remedy from all Evil ; in whom , by Divine Ordinance from above , there meeteth in one Person the Right Majesty of a King , and the Mind of a Wise Philosopher , to make Vertue Governess and Ruler over Vice : for Men ( as he speaks ) seeing the true Image of Vertue in their Prince , and in the Example of his Life , do willingly grow to be wise of themselves , and do fall in love , liking and friendship unto it , and do use all temperance and just dealing . And thus the Divine Goodness , by the intermixing of Judgment and Mercy , designs to break our stony Hearts , and seems to speak to us ( as he did once to the People of Israel ) Oh! that there were such a Heart in them that they would fear me , and keep all my Comandments always , that it might be well with them and with their Children for ever , Deut. 5. 29. And therefore , have we not great Reason now to be serious , and to consider our Ways and Doings , all our great Sins and Provocations , and to abhor our selves in Dust and Ashes for the same ; especially , in consideration of that national Guilt that we lie under ; which cries aloud against us to Heaven ? Let us seriously consider , that general great Contempt of God and Religion , which so much abounds in the Nation ; as if we had lost that natural instinct of a Deity , ( if I may so call it ) that Sense of God , which the Law of Nature hath imprest upon the Minds of all Men. Oh! the Atheistical Discourse , of wicked Men , which we meet with in every place , their prophane Merriment , drolling upon God and Religion , the Sacred Scriptures ; as if Men were resolved to defie their Creator , and to hunt and chase God and all Religion out of the World ? What a general , most audacious Contempt of the Divine Laws , with a high hand , as if we had no dependance on him , and were not his Creatures , and our breath in our Nostrils ; the great Contempt of his Ministers and Messengers , the Reverend and Worthy Clergy of the Church of England ? although our Saviour saith , He that despiseth you , despiseth me . The great Contempt of his publick Worship and Service among us , as if he were an Idol , and not the Living God. Alas ! if we look into our Churches , may we not see ( nay , how can we but see ) in most of them , the Abomination of Desolation , as I may call it ; either horrid irreverence in our Gestures and Behaviour there , in those Sacred places , rather many times like people at a play , than at their Devotions , trifling with the things of God and Religion ? or may we not see many times , the publick Worship and Service of God in the Churches , Celebrated and Performed almost to the very bare walls of the Church , attended by the Poor , the Halt , the Blind and the Lame ? a few of the meanest of the People ; especially if there be no Sermon to Attend and Sanctifie the Solemnity ; and yet there being so many people among us , who have their time lying so upon their hands , that they know not well how to dispose of it : But this mischief was , I conceive , much occasioned from erroneous and wicked Principles and Opinions of our late times of Usurpation , as that we were not obliged to give God the worship of the Body as well as of the Heart ; and that it was very scarce , if at all , the Worship of God , without a Sermon to attend it . Let us consider seriously , those horrid Sins of Murmuring against our Governors , speaking evil of Dignities , our Seditions and Rebellions against our Sovereign Prince ; and the sad and dismal Consequences of the same , in the late times of Usurpation ; the Deposing , Dethroning and Murdering of the Lord 's Anointed , and exposing the Royal Family to infinite Dangers and Hazards ; the Destruction of thousands ; the Devastations , Misery and Ruine of the whole Kingdom . Let us consider , with Horror and Amazement , the Insolence and Wickedness of those Rebel Saints , whose very best pretences were a more desperate Affront , both to Government and Religion , than perhaps any Age or Historian can parallel ; but whose worst Practices were villainous , not only beyond Example , but Belief ; as a late worthy Author hath observed : which Crimes ( it is much to be feared ) are not yet expiated , although forgot ; but cry aloud to Heaven for Vengeance ; especially , considering how many there have been among us in this Nation , who were so far from Repenting of the said horrid Villainies , that they owned and avowed those very Principles of Sedition and Disloyalty , which promoted and were the cause of the same ; and with audacious Impudence , proceeding many steps onwards in the same Path of Disloyalty , and towards the perpetrating of the same Wickedness again . Let us consider also , of our Pride and Wantonness in Religion , our running greedily into Errors , Heresies and Schisms , with the Consequences of them ; Hatred , Variance , Emulations , Wrath , Strife , Sedition , Envyings , Murthers ; the loss of true Religion , Peace and Unity : and how we have by this means cloathed Religion ( and that which some would call the Protestant Religion ) in a deformed Dress , in a Fools Coat ; made it Ridiculous , yea , Loathsom to all sober and considering Persons in the World. And therefore , now to make us sensible of the Wickedness of the late times ; and especially , considering there is a generation risen up since , who are many of them ignorant of the same ; I shall make a short Scheme , Draught and Representation of the Rise , Progress , Fruit and Effect of Fanaticism and Schism . We may understand , That there was a happy Reformation of Religion , perfected and compleated in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth , of Blessed Memory , by the Wisdom , Moderation and Judgment of our Wise Reformers , the Reverend , Learned and Pious Divines , the Bishops and Clergy of the Church of England in Convocation Assembled ; who proposed to themselves the keeping of the Golden Mean , Reforming no farther from Rome than was fit , necessary and commendable ; and indeed , no farther receding from Rome , than she had receded from her self , and from Antiquity ; and therein doing no more than what had been the desires of many others , famous and worthy Men , who nevertheless lived and died in Communion of that Church ; and what was thought upon good grounds , That other Parts of Christendom , would have attempted and effected , if they could have had a lawful Oppertunity and Authority for the doing thereof , as we had in England . In short , as the Worthy Dr. Fearn truly states the Case of our Reformation in England : We ( said he ) had just Cause to Reform , and so had our Adversaries , the Romanists ; We , in Reforming did what we ought ; if they had done what they ought , and had cause to do , no breach or division had followed . And further : We , in doing what we ought , preserved the Faith entire together with Charity ; they would neither cast off their Errors , which clogged and corrupted the Faith , nor retain , Charity ; but cut us off ( as much as in them lay ) from the Catholick Church : So that it is clear ( saith that Worthy Author ) to whom the Division must be imputed . Now we must understand , presently after the compleating of this happy Reformation of Religion , in Queen Elizabeth's Reign , there arose a discontented and dissatisfied Faction , although curb'd and kept under by her , called a while after Puritans , which were ( like Mothes in a Cloth , eating and fretting the same ) continually murmuring against the said excellent Reformation ; finding great fault with Government , Liturgy , and the Reverend Bishops and Governors of the Church ; instead of being thankful to God for the same , and of their ready and chearful Subjection ( as good Christians ought ) to this Excellent Constitution . Yea , the said Faction did proceed to repine and complain against the same , refusing to Conform to it , and so continued to do all King Jame's Reign ; abusing the Favor and Indulgence of that good Prince , granted to them in the Conference at Hampton-Court ; increasing and growing more numerous , by their pretences to Piety and Purity of Religion , with their frequent Sermons and Lectures ( then superstitiously accounted the Main , if not the All , of Religion ; and then also , very much perverted and abused to promote Faction and Discontents against the Ecclesiastical Government ) until at last , growing to a Head , about the middle of the Reign of King Charles the First , they then arrived to the height of Boldness and Insolence ; and by the means of that black Parliament , 1640. ( in the Choice of whose Members of the House of Commons , that Faction had a great hand ) together with the Rebellion of their Brethren , the Scots ; they became like an impetuous and overflowing Flood , and carried and bore down all before them in the Nation : And , as the only pious and godly People , and true Protestants , fit to Rule and Govern the Kingdom , that Parliament ( having by importunity and specious Pretences , obtained of their Sovereign , a Confirmation for their sitting as long as they pleased ) boldly then managed a War and Rebellion against their Sovereign : and when by this means , this Nation ( not to mention Ireland ) had lain divers years weltering in Blood ( God in just Judgment upon the Nation , suffering them to prosper in their Wickedness ; ) they then seized into their hands all the Royal Prerogatives , the Revenues and Lands , the Jewels and Goods of the Crown , the Supports of the Royal Dignity ; deposing , and most barbarously Imprisoning their Liege Lord and Sovereign , Charles the First , of ever Blessed Memory , ( who then flying to his own Country-men , the Scots , for Protection , was sold , and Betrayed by them ) and retaining Him in Prison in Carisbrook Castle in the Isle of Wight , not suffering Him to enjoy so much as one of his Servants or Chaplains to Attend Him : Then also forcing into Banishment the Royal Family , to live upon the Charity of Roman Catholicks ; and what some Loyal Subjects in England secretly conveyed over to them , with the peril of their Lives . That Faction , then further proceeded on , to overthrow the Government of the Church ; to cast out Prelacy , as a piece of Popery ; totally dissolved all Church-Government ; sacrilegiously sold all Church-Lands and Revenues ; also casting off , as Popish and Antichristian , the Holy Feasts and Fasts of the Church ; as Christmas , Easter , &c. turned Churches into Stables ; also in the mean time , all-a-long , miserably debauching and corrupting the Christian Sound Doctrine ; ( as that wise Prelate , Arch-Bishop Bancroft , charged them with , long before , in his Survey of the Holy discipline . His words are these ; That the Puritans did pervert the true meaning , both of Scripture and Fathers , to serve their own turn ; ) especially in these particulars following : Not to mention that Opinion , of God's designing from all Eternity the greatest part of Mankind to destruction , merely from the good pleasure of his Will ; a Doctrine highly dishonourable to the Divine Majesty . First , That we are saved by Faith alone ; when yet they saw this was so interpreted , as if they did define Righteousness by the sole Opinion or Perswasion of the Mind , and did seclude good Works . That we are justified by the imputation of Christ's Righteousness to us , as if we had fulfilled the whole Law our selves , and that we are cloathed with this Garment of our Elder Brother , and so accepted . That the Apostle St. Paul , in the 7th of the Romans , 14 verse , to the end of the Chapter , speaks of himself in his Regenerate State , and not as unregenerate , ( the bravest Cordial for an Hypocrite , that possibly could be . ) That we are led by the publick Authority of the Spirit of God in his Word , common to all Christians : Hence saith every Sect , is the Word of God Pure and Sincere , according to the Sense of the Holy Spirit . That nothing is to be admitted in , or about the Worship of God , but what there is a direct Rule , and Direction for , out of the Scriptures ; that all things must be according to the Pattern in the Mount. That , provided we give God the Worship of the Heart , it matters not whether we give him bodily Worship . And that , bowing in the Church and Worshiping God and Christ , is Idolatry , or at least Superstition and Will-Worship . That Forms of Prayer are unlawful , or at best , to be used as Crutches to such as are lame , and cannot pray without them . That Schism and Sedition are very venial Sins , if Sins at all ; laying such a stress upon Preaching , ( as to use the word of a Foreigner , upon his coming into England ) That our Religion was turned into All Preach , Nothing but Preach ; as if reading of the Scriptures , Prayers , Thanksgiving and Praising of God , could not be the main of the Worship of God , except it were accompanied with a Sermon . Most abominably neglecting to Celebrate the Holy Sacrament of the Lord's Supper , for several years together in many places ; discouraging and scaring Men from their Duties therein , by Preaching . That Kings and Princes are intrusted by the People ; and when they failed in their Trust , the People might fail in their Duties to them ; and resist and oppose them , and call them to an Account for their breach of Trust ; and , at last , lawfully depose them . These with many others , abounded among them ; thus they prophaned all that was Sacred : And further , proceeding and prospering in their Wickedness , they fell soon after at variance among themselves , ( many other Factions arising out of the former ) especially one great Faction , called Independents ; who then scuffled , with their Elder Brethren , the Presbyterians , for the Government , ( abominating Presbytery as much or more than Episcopacy ) got into their Hands , by the Assistance of the then Army , who ( by Force ) kicked their Masters , the Parliament , out of Doors , ( That Assembly being then justly punished by God Almighty , in the same kind that they had sinn'd themselves , by the Insolence and Rebellion of their own Servants and Souldiers ) and only about Forty or Fifty profligated Villains of the then House of Commons , the said Army's Creatures , suffered to Sit and Vote in the House of Commons , were declared , by the Power of the Sword , to be the Parliament of England , the Representatives of all the People of England : By which pretended Authority , but contrary to all Law , Justice , and Reason , yea , Common Sense , they proceeded to the full height of their Villainy , ( most impudently , under pretence of Law , and for the Security of the Protestant Religion , and of the Godly Party , and the Liberty of the Subject ) disannulled Kingship , arraigned their Soveraign Prince before their pretended High Court of Justice ; condemned and executed him most barbarously , before the Gate of his Royal Palace of White-Hall ; sold all the Jewels of the Crown , all the Crown-Lands and Revenues : and , having made his Loyal Subjects Delinquents , forced them to compound for their Estates , and sold the Estates of many of them . In short , thus kill'd , and took Possession ; and all this abominable Wickedness was committed under the Shew and Face of Religion , Godliness , Justice and Right . But , as One well observes ; One of the greatest Tragedies acted in the Life of Man , ( which makes Curious Persons to question , Wise Men to wonder , Good Men to groan , and the Wicked to Rejoyce ) is , To see an Innocent Man oppressed by Colour of Justice . But a while after , the said two Grand Factions , the Presbyterians and Independents , ( those Brethren in Iniquity ) falling again together by the Ears , they very soberly and seriously killed one another , ( especially at Dunbar in Scotland ) where Thousands of the Presbyterians were slain by Cromwell , and his Army ; some of whom ( as I was , at that Time , credibly informed ) in cold Blood , and after Quarter given , and the Fight over . And afterward , innumerable Factions more arising out of the former every Day , having run down all Church-Government whatsoever , and every Body being left to the Liberty of his own ignorant wanton Mind ( and Conscience , as they call'd it ) every Man was left to do what was Right in his own Eyes , ( there being no King in Israel ) there was nothing but Confusion among them ; ( saving that , by a long Sword held over them , they were restrain'd from killing one another . ) All the Reverend Prelates of the Church of England , and most of the Orthodox Clergy , then reputed and accounted either Papists , or Popishly affected : Particularly , that worthy Man , Dr. Cousins , Dean of Durham , who was forced to fly into France ; who being so accused , was therein resolutely defended by Monsieur Dailee , the Protestant-Minister at Charenton by Paris ; who writes thus over into England : Tuus Cosins , imo noster admodum probatur ; Bestiae sunt , & quidem Fanatici , qui eum de Papismo suspectum habent : They are Beasts , or Fanaticks , who count Dr. Cousins a Papist . Thus they were ( good Men ) grievously persecuted and driven into Prisons , Dens , and Holes , or forced into Banishment . Yet , of all our worthy Prelates , in midst of their great Sufferings , and Banishment among Papists , I have heard of none of them , who ever deserted the Church of England , in her forlorn Condition , but only Dr. Goodman , Bishop of Glocester : Who ( as Bishop Gauden relates it ) was , it seems , by extremity of ill Usage , driven beyond his Pace , and something beyond his Patience : For , thus provoked beyond all Measure and Merit , ( as he thought ) by those , who much professed Reformation , ( and yet much , in his Sense and Experience , did deform and destroy the Church of England ) it is no wonder , if , dying and dejected , he chose rather to depart in Communion with the Church of Rome , than to adhere to the Church of England ; which ( as Isaiah ) he thought now decayed , and dissolved at least . In this desperate State of the Church and Kingdom , at last , ( to compleat this lamentable Tragedy ) that Monster , Cromwell , did ascend the Throne , and took upon him to be Lord Protector . Thus , in short , ( as a worthy Author expresseth it ) When a Flourishing Nation had been embroyled in a bloody War , and as vertuous a Prince as ever sate upon Throne , had been Murther'd and Martyr'd , an Establish'd Church had been Plunder'd and Dissolv'd , and Fellow-Subjects had been enraged against each other , with implacable Zeal and Cruelty , and shatter'd into numberless Schisms and Factions . And , ( as the Pious and Learned Doctor Hammond hath observed ) When the Declination of Christian Practice was , at last , so great among us , as to tear up the very Root and Foundation , all Natural Moral Justice and Honesty ; and , in place thereof , to set up a New Body of Carneades his Philosophy , instead of the old Heathen dry Principles of Integrity and Uprightness , that one Law of Interest and Passion , and Self-Preservation . So that , ( as Machiavel thought ) Religion would emasculate and enfeeble Common-wealths . We have more reason to complain , ( saith he ) That it hath debauched and corrupted Lives ; — That Christian Men are the impurest Part of the World ; That Sathan's after-game hath proved more lucky and prosperous to him , than his first Designment did ; That his Night-walks hath brought him more Proselytes , than his unlimited Range of going up and down , to and fro , over the Face of the Earth ; That , as Sin by the Law , so Sathan by the Faith of Christ , hath taken occasion , and so deceived and ruined us more desperately , more universally , than by all the National , Idolatrous Customs of Heathenism he hath been able to do . And let us seriously consider , That all this complicated Mass of Wickedness , ( not to be parallel'd under the Sun ) was committed and done in the Face of the World , by those who stiled themselves , and would needs be accounted the only Protestants of the Kingdom . Things being brought to this Conclusion and upshot ; What an easie Perswasion might prevail with sober and considering Honest-hearted Men in Exile , forthwith to abandon and renounce this Protestant Religion , as a Religion to be abhorred by all Men ; as being as opposite to the true Christian Religion , and what likewise ( in truth ) was professed by the Church of England , as Darkness was to Light ? And a great part , if not all this Mischief , arose , and was carried on ( as I humbly conceive , with submission to better Judgments ) from a furious and mad Antipathy and Averseness against Popery and Papists ; which made them to imagine they never could run far enough from Rome , until they came to Munster : Where I will leave them , with their Fellow - Protestants , ( if all such who are opposite to Rome must be Protestants , as of late many in England would have made them , and that by a Law also . ) But , Alas ! these abominable and horrid Impieties , what honest and pious Heart can seriously consider of , and not dissolve into Tears ; and humbly and affectionately beg of God , not to lay these Sins to England's Charge ; but to wipe out the Guilt thereof from the Nation ? More especially , considering what a loud Cry innocent Blood , yea , the Blood of The Lord 's Anointed , hath to Heaven for Vengeance ; especially upon Fanaticks , and such as retain the fore-said wicked Tenents and Principles , which were productive of all the said Villainies . Let them further seriously consider Mr. Baxter's own Words , in his last Answer to Bagshaw , pag. 30. cited by a Worthy Author : Nothing ( saith Mr. Baxter ) that I know of , in the World , doth so strongly tempt some sober Consciencious Men , to think Popery necessary for the Concord of Churches , and a violent Church-Government necessary to our Peace , as the woful Experience of the Errors and Schism ; the mad and manifold Sects , that arise among those that are most against them . To which purpose , the Worthy Dr. Parker ( speaking of the Phanaticks endangering Religion several ways ) saith thus : I know no other grounds of Fear or Danger from them , unless this may prove one at last , That by their wanton and unreasonable Peevishness to the Ingenious and Moderate Discipline of the Church of England , they give their Governours too much Reason to suspect , That they are never to be kept in order by a milder , and more gentle Government , than that of the Church of Rome ; and force them , at last , to scourge them into better manners , with the Bryars and Thorns of their Discipline . Let us further consider seriously , the abounding of Debauchery and Wickedness among us at this Day , which can portend nothing but Mischief to us ; the horrid Oaths , Blasphemies , and Curses , that continually fly about our Ears , almost in all Companies , and in every Place , more or less ; yea , as we pass along the Streets , enough to amaze us : What abounding in Swinish Drunkenness and Excess ? How have our Times curiously studied to find out variety of Liquors , to make an Acceptable Sacrifice thereof to Bacchus ? What Fulness of Bread , and Idleness ? what Intemperance , Gaming , Uncleanness , and Lasciviousness ; and the Consequents of these , Quarrelling and Duelling ? having , as it were , lost the Sense of Good and Evil , our very Natural Modesty and Shame , we are become impudent and exquisite in Sin. And , which is most sad to consider , these are those Rotten Bones , ( as one hath well observed ) which would lie hid under the Painted Sepulchre of Honor : These some would make the Accomplishments of a Gentleman . The Learned Doctor Hammond observes , That many irrational Sins , through some Local custom , have gotten the Reputation , not only of sinless and lawful , but of laudable also ; as Duelling , and in favour of Sins of Uncleanness : whereby it is become a more creditable thing among us , To have been guilty of defiling and invading another Man's Bed , than to be the Innocent Person which hath been thus robb'd by the Adulterer . Now , Let us consider seriously of these things , ( as a Divine of our own hath well observed ) How that Atheism and Enthusiasm are apart , and by themselves , the most desperate and dangerous Causes of Misery , and Calamity , and Ruin to Mankind : And that , when ever they should combine Interests , and joyn Forces , what Government can withstand their Fury ; in that there is no Wickedness , that is necessary to the carrying on the Cause , that they will not undertake ? Do we not therefore stand in great need of Sober and Serious Consideration , and of humbling our Souls before God in Dust and Ashes , for all these before-mentioned Abominations , and making our Peace with an offended Majesty ; and , by frequent and fervent Devotions , imploring his Mercies , and , in the Language of our Church upon Ash-Wednesday , say ; Almighty and EverlastingGod , who hatest nothing that Thou hast made , and dost forgive the Sins of all them that are Penitent ; Create and make in us new and contrite Hearts , that we , worthily lamenting our Sins , and acknowledging our Wretchedness , may obtain of Thee , the God of all Mercy , perfect Remission and Forgiveness , through Jesus Christ our Lord ? And further , to enlarge our Devotions to God ; That He would please to bless and prosper our Gracious Sovereign Lord , the King's Majesty , and his Gracious Consort , and all the Royal Family : That He would furnish his Majesty's Royal Heart with Wisdom , to go in and out before this great People , committed to his Charge by the Supreme Lord of all the Kings of the Earth : That God would support and strengthen him under that great Weight of Government , that now lies upon his Shoulders , in the Governing of a Licencious People , very much tainted with with Schismatical , Seditious , and Wicked Principles ; which can be no pleasing Task for any Prince to undergo : ThatGod would be pleased to direct and guide his Counsels , and cloath his Enemies with Shame and Confusion ; and , That upon his Head his Crown may flourish . And , in the next place , abhorring that which is evil , let us cleave to that which is Good ; for , I hope , we need not be exhorted , not to be again Authors of our own Ruin : And that , as we cannot be so senseless , but abominate the horrid Crimes afore-mentioned , and earnestly desire our own Welfare and Happiness ; so to lay aside all Murmuring and Discontent , all Schism and Faction , all Sedition and Rebellion , to yield all Loyal and Faithful Subjection , to Our Gracious Sovereign , the Lord 's Annoynted ; according to the Pure and Sound Doctrine and Principles of Christianity , of our Mother , the Church of England ; whose true Sons have ( as one speaks ) been ever found by Experience , to be Cordial Friends to the Crown of England ; and which Church , is the greatest Example of Loyalty , that perhaps ever appeared in the Christian World : unto whom , let us submit our selves , as the worthy Dr. Hammond admonishes us ; His words are these ; Uniform Obedience is due from us , to the Commands of that Church , wherein we were born ; the Church of England ; which of all others , in the Christian world , hath most adhered to the universal Church of the first , and purest Ages . Let us Conform our selves therefore , to this best Constituted Church in the World ; who hath kept to that Excellent Rule , Quod semper , quod ubique , quod ab omnibus receptum fuit ; and adhered to the Scriptures , and true Antiquity . Let us live peaceable and quiet Lives , in all Godliness and Honesty ; and adhere to our Holy Christian Religion in all things ; and make our Religion the great Business of our Lives : For , Inter Christianos & Gentiles non tantum fides debet , sed etiam vita distinguere ; we ought to be distinguisht by our Lives and Conversations , as well as by our Faith and Profession : For this is most certain , That true Piety , Vertue and Goodness , Integrity , Humility , Loyalty , and Peaceableness , are the most proper Fruits and Effects of a well-instructed pure Religion , of a sound Faith and Perswasion . As it is therefore , doubtless , the Great Interest of Princes , to Protect , Countenance and Support the true Religion of Jesus Christ ; which is repleat with nothing but Humility , Fidelity , Justice , Wisdom , Moderation , Temperance , Sobriety , Subjection , Loyalty , Peaceableness , Unity , Love and Charity : So , also , it is their great Interest , to take care to propagate among their Subjects , good and sound Principles of Religion , Subjection and Loyalty : and to that end , That there be a total Suppression of all erroneous and seditious Books and Discourses ; and that together with the Sacred Scriptures , and good Catechisms , there might be permitted none but sound Tracts of Practical Divinity , well , and wisely composed , to come into the Hands of their Subjects ; according to which , there should also be constant Means , of instructing all Men by Preaching ; but more especially , the Youth and younger sort , by frequently Catechising them : This being well secured , it were no matter , what became of a many Tracts of Religion currant amongst us , if they were committed to the Flames ; which do but distract and disturb ( many of them ) mislead , if not poyson , Peoples Minds with bad Principles : and by those means ( in time ) there might be made a happy Reformation of Men's Minds and Manners . Let us in the next place consider , That it is the great Interest of Subjects , to Copy out the Holy Christian Religion in their Lives and Conversations ; and then most of our great Complaints would without question cease ; all Disorder and Confusions be no more heard of in the World : If Men , whom the Most High , hath differenced from Beasts , by Rational and Immortal Souls , would not lay aside their Manhood , their Reason , and degenerate into Beasts , and be led and hurried by their Senses , Appetites , and Passions . They might , therefore , easily be perswaded to entertain , what would certainy promote their True Happiness and Interest ; the Excellent Religion of the Holy JESVS , it being the great Design of God , in sending his Son into the World , to promote the Welfare and Happiness of Mankind , throughout the whole World. And can any one , not void of all common Reason or Sense , think that ever God gave us Wise , and Understanding , Vigorous and Active Souls , merely to animate Human Bodies ; to Eat , and Drink , and Sleep to gratifie our Senses , our brutal Parts ; to provide only for our Bodies ; to be mere Sensualists and Epicures ; and to acquire and heap up Riches ? Doubtless , our Noble , Excellent and Immortal Souls were given us for more noble and excellent Employment and End ; to be raised up above these things , to be busied , and taken up with the Contemplation of God , of our Glorious Creator , his Excellencies and Perfections , and all his wonderful Works ; to Adore , Love and Honor Him in all that we are or have ; That whether we Eat or Drink ; or whatsoever we do in Word or Deed , we should do all the Praise , and Glory of God ; and in all things , to be regulated by his Laws . Now shall we forget God , and be more degenerate , than the Beasts which Perish : For the Ox knoweth his Owner , and the Ass his Master's Crib ? To come more close to us , We , that own our selves Christians , do we believe the Religion we Profess ? If we do ; why , doth it signifie so little to us , as it doth ? Why , do we not live somewhat answerable to it ? Or , if we do not believe it , Why do we own the Profession ? Either we must be guilty of abominable Hypocrisy , or , of Atheism and Irreligion : And once take away Religion , and the Sense of God out of the World ; you do , as it were , take the Sun out of the Firmament ; you take away , the Distinctions of Good and Evil , bring your selves to be Beasts , wallowing in all manner of Filthiness and Sensuality : You reduce the World , into its first Chaos of Confusion ; destroy the Happiness of Man ; overthrow all Rule , Order , Government and Peace in the World. It hath been found , by universal Experience , in all Ages of the World , the great Peace , Happiness and Prosperity , which hath always risen to the World from Religion ; and the true lively affecting Sense of God and Obedience to his Laws , from the Exercise of Vertue and true Goodness . And that on the contrary , when Atheism and Prophaneness prevailed ; that Mens Lusts and Passions quickly disturbed the World , and overthrew the publick Peace of States and Kingdoms ; brought in War , Mischief , Blood and Ruine , turning a Fruitful Land , into a Barren Wilderness : For how is it possible that such men , as are unfaithful to God , should be True and Loyal to their Sovereign , his Vicegerent upon Earth ? That such as are men of no Religion , men of no Principles , and walk by no Rule , but are Slaves and Drudges to their Appetites and Lusts , should ever , in time of Danger and Tryal , stick fast to the Crown and Government , and perform the Duties of Loyal and Obedient Subjects , and dye for their Prince . And , as for such among us , as have been led away , by the specious Pretences of Fanaticks , in the simplicity and honesty of their Hearts , into the Schism and Faction , ( as I make no question , there have been some ) let your Eyes be now opened , and behold the prospect of your Folly , into which , you have been miserably seduced by your Leaders and Guides ; and , as you tender your own safety , to withdraw from the Tents of Chorah , that State of Schism and Antichristianism , as the Ancient Fathers accounted it . Come out of this Babylon , and renounce , with Abhorrence , all Seditious and Factious Tenents and Opinions ; all disloyal Principles and Practices whatsoever , and return into Communion of your Mother , the Church of England : For however invincible Ignorance , heretofore , might extenuate your Crimes ; yet now it will not , when , it will certainly be no less , than Sin against Knowledge and Experience ; it will be wilful and affected Ignorance , shutting your Eyes against clear Evidence and Demonstration ; which will no more excuse you ( notwithstanding , your pretences of Conscience ) than it did the Jews , in Crucifying our Saviour ; or those that killed the Apostles , because their wicked Consciences told them , That therein they did God good Service . And it cannot but be matter of great wonder , that after such clear and evident Discovery and Detection , of the abominable Hypocrisie and Wickedness of Fanaticism , That ever there should remain any one among us , at this day : Those , therefore , that still remain such , must needs be looked upon , as having most prostituted and malicious Souls ; who are in Judgment , given up to a reprobate Mind ; whose end is Destruction , as the Apostle speaks . And it is a matter of great wonder , That there are so many in our days , still to remain so sottish ; as when they make use of the Rules of Prudence and Discretion , in all their other Concernments ; yet as to their greatest Concernment , their Immortal Souls : they lay them aside , and every , or , any pitiful Schismatick and Imposter ; or any piece of Folly , Ignorance , Peevishness , and Ignorance must serve their turn , be the Director and Guide of their Souls : and yet , nevertheless , they will profess to believe , That Miracles are ceased in the Church . To perswade us all now to learn to be Dutiful and Loyal Subjects , to our Prince and Liege Lord the King , our Gracious Sovereign ; Let us consider , ( as one of late hath well observed ) That the Worth , Excellency and Providence of a Prince , are not sufficient to make a Kingdom or Nation Happy : His Subjects , ought to Contribute their Proportions also to it . Let us , therefore , abhorr and detest , and cast away those Seditious Principles of the late times ; That we may do Evil , that Good may come ; and That a lawful Prince , may be withstood and resisted , when-ever they themselves shall judge , that Religion and Property is invaded or in Danger . For , when these dangerous Opinions prevail among Subjects , in what Circumstances must needs that Prince be , when-ever an Opportunity offers it self , our late times have sufficiently verified by plain Demonstrations : Let us entertain therefore , in our Minds , the Honest Christian , Loyal Principles of the Church of England : Let us be obedient Sons unto Her : Let us be of humble , peaceable and complying Tempers ; for this is an undeniable Truth , That it is a far less Crime , to commit an Error on the right Hand ; that is to say , in a peaceable Compliance with just and lawful Authority , to promote thereby , Order , Government , Peace and Vnity : Than , on the left ; that is to say , to commit an Error , in disobedience to just Authority : in this sence , it may be well said , Melius est Humilitas in malis , quam Superbia in bonis : For , as the first proceeds from Humility and dutiful Subjection to Authority , and is the Preserver of publick Order , Government , Unity and Peace ; wherein , the Welfare of Mankind , principally consists in this World : So , the other , is the product of Pride , Presumption and Insolence ; and over-turns all Government , Order and Peace in the World ; and brings in nothing but Disturbances , Strife and Contention , Rebellion , Blood and Ruin : and in short , if Subjects would be Loyal , Kingdoms could not be miserable . But , I would not herein be misunderstood , to plead for Sin in any case , for the obtaining the greatest good ; although , a Heathen once said , Iniquissimam pacem , justissimo bello antefero ; he preferr'd an unjust Peace , before a most just War : But this , I am confident of , We cannot be innocent , when-ever we disobey a just Authority ; except , the unlawfulness of the thing commanded , be as clear and apparent , as our Duty of Obedience is . And for my own part , I would chuse rather to run to the utmost extent of what is lawful ; before I would refuse Active Obedience to a just and lawful Authority , either in Church or State : and I think I have the Holy Christian Religion on my side , to justifie me herein . And I am ready to think also , that according to this Rule , all our Dissenters and Fanaticks will be Tryed one day at the Great Tribunal ; when their Proud , Ignorant , Pievish and Froward Consciences , shall be no excuse to them . It doubtless , therefore , very much concerns us to consider seriously of the great danger there is in those no small Sins of Heresie and Schism , to such , as are really and truly such . And we are more easily deceived in these kind of Sins ; in regard , Satan , herein , is notably transformed into an Angel of Light. And such Persons , who are not so easily tempted to Intemperance and Debauchery , yet , herein greedily swallow down his Baits ; and spiritual Pride , that is ready to attend such Men , as are free from Debauchery and Prophaneness , many times helps forward the Temptation ; likewise the greatest Hereticks and Schismaticks that ever were in the World , have had very fair outsides at least ; I mean , of good and pious Conversations . How much therefore , doth it concern us to have a great Care of that Sin , that attends such as are possibly otherwise good Men ; but , nevertheless , of all Vices , is one of the greatest and most pernicious : For ( as one well said ) Whereas all other Vices proceed from some ill in us , some sinful Imbecility of our Nature , This alone , ariseth out of our good Parts . Now to let us know , what these Sins are , Calvin speaketh thus in his Institutes ; They are called Hereticks and Schismaticks ; who , making a Division , do break in sunder the Communion of the Church , which , is contained in two Bonds , viz. The Agreement of true Doctrine , and Brotherly Love ; whereupon St. Austin ( saith he ) putteth this difference between Schismaticks and Hereticks ; because the latter , viz. Hereticks , corrupt with false Opinions the sincerity of the Faith ; and the former , viz. Schismaticks , even where there is like Faith , do break the the Bond of Fellowship . But yet , we are farther to consider , to make an Heretick ; There must be not only frror in Intellectu , but , Pertinacia in Voluntate ; not only Error in the Understanding , but Obstinacy in the Will ; for as St. Austin speaketh ; Qui sententiam suam , quamvis falsam atque perversam , nullae pertinaci animositate defendunt ; quaerunt autem cauta sollicitudine veritatem , corrigi parati cum invenerint , nequaquam sunt inter Hereticos deputandi : They that do not pertinaciously and stubbornly defend their erroneous and corrupt Opinions ; but with great Care and Ingenuity seek the Truth , are ready to submit unto it when they find it , these are not to be reputed in the number of Hereticks , so true is that saying , that no truly good Man , can be an Heretick , although he may be in an Error . And to back what I have said , and to convince you of the Danger of Heresie and Schism , let me present before you , in brief , what the Worthy and Learned Dr. Hammond speaks in his Treatise of Schism . There is ( saith he ) no one Vice , which hath fallen under so much of the Displeasure , and Correption , and and severest Discipline of the Holy Fathers of the Ancient Church , as this of Schism , and the Ingredients and Preparatives to it , have done . They judged , That it was contrary to the Faith , even when it had not , in respect of Doctrinal Points , any Heresie joyned with it : That it was contrary to Charity ; yea , contrary to all the Advantages , that belong to a Member of the Church . Quisquis ab Ecclesia segregatus Adulteriae jungitur , a promissis Ecclesiae separatur , St. Cyprian . Whosoever is separated from the Church , is joyned to an Harlot ; he is separated from the Promises God hath given to his Church , from the Benefits of Prayer , and the Sacraments : That it was as bad as Heresie , according to St. Chrysostom : That there was never any Heresie in the Church , which was not founded in it : That constantly it is forced , in its own Defence , to conclude in some Heresie or other . All which , being put together , will be sufficient ( as the said Author speaks ) to keep Men from being in love with the Guilt or Company of Schismaticks . But ( saith he ) It is further branded with these Super-additions of Terror , That there is scarce any Crime so great , as Schism : Non esse quicquam gravius Sacrilegio Schismatis , St. Austin . Ingens flagitium Schismatis Traditioni junxerunt , Optat. No Crime so great ; not Idolatry , not Sacrilege : That it hath been under the peculiar Mark of God's Indignation , as in Case of the Ten Tribes , and of the Samaritans , who are ranked with the Gentiles , Matth. 10. 5. and so in the Story of Core : That it is the Anti-Christianism mentioned by St. John. Ab Ecclesia qui separatur Haereticus est , & Antichristus , Prosper : He that is a Separatist from the Church , is an Heretick and Antichrist . The worshipping and serving of the Devil , Ignatius . And , in a word , so great a Crime , that it is not expiable by Martyrdom , to him that continues in it , and hath not repented , and returned from it . Much more of this Subject , is every where to be met with in the Antient Monuments ; and nothing of Alleviation to be had for any , who have not the Excuse of involuntary Seduction of Error , or Simplicity , to plead for them : And the surest way to do that effectually , to qualify them for that Plea , is , To forsake their Course , to get out of that so dangerous a Snare . Nay , it is further observable , how unsafe it hath been deemed by these , for light and inconsiderable Causes , to break this Unity ; it being very hard , if not impossible , to receive such an Injury , or Provocation , from the Governours of the Church , as may make a Rupture or Separation excusable : And for the truly Catholick and Universal Church of Christ , it is not , in St. Augustin's Opinion , possible , that there should be any just Cause for any to separate from it ; nor consequently , Apology to be made for those , that on any ( whether true or false ) pretended Cause whatsoever , have really incurred this Guilt . From which Premises , thus acknowledged and undeniable , the Conclusion follows irrefragably ; That it is not the Examination of the Occasion or Cause , or Motive of any Man's Schism , that is worth the producing or heeding in this Matter : The one thing that is of force and moment , and , by Consequence , pertinent to be enquired into , is , The Truth of the matter of Fact , whether this Charge be sufficiently proved , or confessed ; ( i. e. ) Whether he that is thus accused , stands really guilty of Separation from the Church of Christ. And he further describes this Sin of Schism : It is ( saith he ) a voluntary dividing , or a separating or receding of any Member , from the Unity of the Body , ( i. e. The Church of Christ ) ; and so , that the Schismatick is he , that divides himself from the Church of God , not that is cut off , or separated ; he that goes out , and with-draws , or recedes of his own Accord , not he that is cast out by the Governours of the Church . But the Offender , or guilty Person ; who is therefore said to accuse , to cast , to condemn himself , throwing himself , by his voluntary Recession from the Church , into that very Condition , into which the Adulterer , and obstinate Offender is cast by the Censure of the Church . And the said Worthy Author concludes nevertheless with this Caution : But how desirable and valuable soever , an entire , inviolable Peace with all Christians , with all Men , ( together with the Approbation of our willing , cheerful Obedience , and Submission of our Judgments and Practices to our Superiors ) must for ever be deemed by all true Disciples of Christ : Yet must not the Purchace of this Treasure be attempted by the Admission of any Sin , any more than the Glory of God might be projected by the Apostle's Lye. Thus much I thought fit to Transcribe out of this Worthy Author . To which I may further add Mr. Causabon's Excellent Rule , ( taken out of St. Cyprian , Epist . 69. as it is set forth by a late Author of our own ) That whensoever the Pious People adhere to their lawful and true Bishop , they are God's Church ; insomuch , that whosoever separates himself from the Congregation , it cannot be doubted , but that he is not in the Church . These things deserving the most serious Consideration of all Men ; but more especially , of our Dissenters ; who have very much Guilt of this sort lying upon them , it is very much to be feared . As for their Pretences of Conscience , St. Bernard will Answer them ; Non est Conscientia sine Scientia , nec verae si caeca : It is not Conscience , without Knowledge ; nor can it be true , if blind and ignorant . For , if Pretences of Conscience , that is to say , Men's stubborn and perverse Minds , ( at the best , their Weakness , and and affected Ignorance ) must justify , and bear them out against God's Law , against Lawful Authority ; then it will be no matter , what becomes of the Laws of God , when their Consciences must command , and bear Rule against them : and those who killed the Apostles , because their Consciences told them , That therein they did God good Service , shall be acquitted at God's Tribunal at last . It therefore much concerns all our Fanaticks to beware , and be assured , That ( without Repentance ) their Damnation slumbereth not : if possibly they escape God's Judgments , even in this Life ; which , it is much to be doubted , they will not ; especially , when the Sin hath become , in great part , General and National : For particular Persons are to expect their Judgment and Punishment in the other Life ; but Nations , Kingdoms , and Societies of Men cannot then be punished as such , as our Divines hold . And , in consideration of the great mischief and danger in Schisms , and Rents among Christians ; I mean , such as profess to own that Name , in the Christian World : May we not , therefore , well Pray earnestly to Almighty God , as our Mother the Church of England directs us , for the Good Estate of the Catholick Church ; That it may be so guided and governed by God's Good Spirit , that all who profess , and call themselves Christians , may be led into the way of Truth , and hold the Faith in Vnity of Spirit , in the Bond of Peace , and Righteousness of Life ? It cannot possible therefore favour of a Christian Spirit , or Temper , to be of peevish , froward , contentious Spirits ; but to study Peace at Home , in the Church we live in : And , in the next place , it is doubtless our great Duty , as Christians , not to be wid'ning the Christian Church's Wounds abroad ; but rather , earnestly to endeavour , if possible , to heal them , to promote the Peace and Unity of Christendom : That all sober Christians , throughout the World , might be united together : Although ( in regard of the Lusts and Passions of Men , and that there are so few sincere and true Christians in Christendom ) it seems to be a Work next to impossible to be effected ; although , indeed , all good Christians could willingly joyn with that Worthy Man , who said ; Who would not be ready , with the loss of his Life , to Redeem and free Christianity from that horrid Scandal of Discord and Dissention ? Mar. Bucer . As for the Differences among Christians in the Christian World , I heartily wish , they were less than they truly are at this Day : But this is most certain , That by their Passions and Animosities , on all Hands , they are made greater than they truly are ; when we all agree in the main and principal Foundation of our Faith , contained in the Three Creeds ; that of the Apostles , the Athanasian , and the Nicene Creed . This , one would think , should make us more kind and treatable one to another ; especially , not to damn one another to the Pit of Hell and Destruction , as too many do . But in this respect , the Church of England , by their Moderation , shew themselves to be the better Christians ; who , to their Honor , abound in Charity to their bitter Enemies , the Romanists , and allow unto them a possibility ( though not without Difficulty ) of Salvation in their Communion ; who yet have nothing in return for their Charity , but Hereticks and Damnation : But certainly , they very weakly and absurdly argue from it , That therefore it is safest for us to go over to them . Just as if I being in a tyte , well-built , and sound Ship , should leave it , and go over into an unsound and leaky Vessel ; upon this presumption , That possibly I may , ( with hazard and danger ) come safe to Land in the same . But certainly , we may better argue with them , and say , Amend the apparent Leaks and Faults in your Vessel ; and if there be any Faults in ours , we are willing to amend them also ; that we may both with safety , and in Christian Love and Unity , accompany one another in our Course for the Celestial Port ; which we both porfess to intend , and aim at . And to this purpose , let me present you with what the Worthy Dr. Brown , in his Religio Medici , speaks to this purpose : I have not ( saith he ) so shaken hands with those desperate Resolutions , ( meaning the Romanists ) who had rather venture at large , their decayed bottom . than bring her in , to be new Trim'd in the Dock : who had rather promiscuously retain all , than abridge any ; and obstinately be what they are , than what they have been ; as to stand in Diameter , and Swords point with them — And then speaking of the Reformation , he saith ; As there were many Reformers , so likewise many Reformations — some angrily , and with Extremity ; others calmly , and with Mediocrity , not rending , but easily dividing the Community , and leaving an honest possibility of a Reconciliation ; which , though peaceable Spirits do desire , and may conceive , that Revolution of Time , and the Mercies of God may effect : yet that Judgment , that shall consider the present Antipathies between the two Extreams , their Contrarieties in Condition , Affection and Opinion , may with the same hopes expect an Union in the Poles of Heaven — It is , saith he , as uncharitable a point in us , to fall upon those popular Scurrilities and Opprobrious Scoffs of the Bishop of Rome ; whom , as to a Temporal Prince , we owe the duty of good Language . I confess , there is cause of Passion between us ; by his Sentence , I stand Excommunicated : Heretick , is the best Language he affords me : yet can no Ear witness , I ever returned to him the name of Antichrist , Man of Sin , or Whore of Babylon : It is the Method of Charity , to suffer without Re-action . Those usual Satyrs , and Invectives of the Pulpit , may perchance produce a good Effect on the Vulgar ; whose Ears are opener to Rhetorick than Logick : yet , do they in no wise confirm the Faith of wiser Believers , who know that a good Cause needs not be patron'd by Passion , but can sustain it self upon a temperate Dispute . The true Sons of the Church of England , consider this , and that Passion and unnatual Heats and Transports , never do advantage a Good Cause ; and that Uncharitableness and much more Cruelty , is unworthy and unbecoming Christians , and therefore , avoid them . But Alas ! their Adversaries , the Romanists ( as if they were faultless , and had not given just Occasion of Offence ) Retort in requital , nothing but Damnation and most bitter Reproaches : yea , brutish Revenge and Cruelty ; which disingenious Dealing , how much it hath been to their Reproach and Dishonor , to the disadvantage of their Cause , in the Christian World , I shall leave them seriously to consider : For honest and ingenious Souls , are not to be imposed upon by Club-Law , to receive for Articles of Faith , such Doctrines and Opinions , which have no Foundation from the Scriptures , and the Antient and Primitive Church . Alas ! The great Disorder and Confusion , that is upon the face of the Christian World , at this day , is not to be so much wondered at ; if we consider , the Corruption , the Wickedness , which abounds in the Hearts of most Men in the World , which corrupts all things : Why therefore , should it not in process of time ( as it did among the very Jews themselves ) corrupt and deprave the Holy and Pure Religion of Jesus Christ ? especially , in time of Prosperity ( that like Sun-shine Weather , corrupts most things subject to Corruption , even the very Humors of our Bodies ) and breed Abuses in the Christian Church . Plenty and Prosperity strangely prevailing upon Men's Minds , yea , sometimes the best of Men ; to corrupt them with Pride , Idleness , Covetousness : And by this means , the Holy Christian Religion , came to be debased ; to be corrupted both in Doctrine , Worship and Government , and so to degenerate from its primitive Purity and Integrity ; and was made use of , as a Means and Instrument of acquiring Honor , Splendor and Riches ; and of promoting those great Vices of Pride , Covetousness , Idleness , and Luxury : and this instead of making Men Virtuous , and Good , and rectifying their Lives , and Directing them in the Ways of Holiness and Peace , conducting them to Heaven . Thus , I humbly conceive , from the Pope's Primacy of Order , arose the Supremacy of Jurisdiction ; and from thence , Papal Tyranny , packing of General Councils , corruption in Doctrine and Practice , with innumerable other Mischiefs to the Church ; the great dividing and endangering Christendom , and laying it many times in War and Blood. And on the other hand , how this Holy Religion of JESVS Christ hath been miserably corrupted and abased , by Sectaries and Fanaticks ? how hath it been made absurd and ridiculous to all the World , by their Pride and Folly , their ignorant Confidences , Peevishness and Animosities ? Who ( out of a mad blind Zeal against Popery ) never could think themselves safe , and far enough separated from Rome , until they fell into Religious Frensy ; yet , would then notwithstanding , account themselves Protestants ; yea , the best of Protestants : and what a long train of dismal Consequences there followed the same , the World can witness , and more especially of late Years , we in England , as you have heard before . Oh! may I therefore exhort us again , to bewail our Follies , and abandon them ! to Renounce all Schism , Contention , Fanaticism , that Plague of the Reformation , and living vertuous and good Lives ; and in Conformity and Subjection to our Mother , the Church of England , her wholesom and Excellent Constitutions . Oh! Let us learn this most commendable Duty from our Adversaries , the Romanists ; who , are very Respectful towards their Ecclesiastical Governors , and very Conformable to the Constitutions of their Church ; and abhor to do any thing that may prejudice the Order , Peace , and Welfare of the same , in any kind ( for which I cannot but have a great respect for them , and in which , I shall endeavour to follow their Example in the Church of England , wherein I was born , and for so doing they cannot , I hope , justly blame me . ) And although they are possibly led by a blind Obedience , or Impicit Faith , as we call it , and are thereby many times misled : yet their fault , arising from a diffidence of themselves , and obedience to their Superiors , will be very pardonable , ( especially of such as are born and bred in that Communion ) it being a fault on the Right-hand , and far less than what our Fanaticks , and Sectaries are guilty of ; who out of Pride , Ignorance , and Presumption , refuse Subjection to the Spiritual Governors which God hath set over them ; and thereby break the Unity and Peace of the Church . Let us therefore heartily pray , as our Mother the Church teaches us : Almighty God , who shewest to them that be in Error the Light of thy Truth , to the intent that they must return into the Way of Righteousness : Grant unto all them that are admitted into the Fellowship of Christs Religion , that they may eschew those things that are contrary to their profession , and follow all such things as are agreeable to the same ; through our Lord Jesus Christ. Amen . I shall conclude , and say , sufficit tentasse ; Let it suffice , I have done my Endeavour in a good Cause . For certainly , if the Promotion of the Honour of God , the Advancement of True Religion and Vertue ; if the Promoting of Loyalty and Fidelity , the Honour and Happiness of my Gracious Sovereign ; if the Detestation of Errours , of Atheism and Prophaneness , Vice , and Wickedness , of Fanaticism , Hypocrisie , Schism and Rebellion , and representing them in their proper colours ; if promoting the Peace and Happiness of the Church of England , as now by Law Establish'd , ( the best Christian Church in the World ) of Piety and Unity amongst all her Members ; if promoting the Peace of Christendom , and more especially the Honour , Happiness and Prosperity of this Nation ; yea , of all his Majesties Dominions ; I say , if the honest endeavours of the same , be a commendable and worthy Design , it is all I intend in the Writing , and now making Publick these ( although sudden ) yet serious Thoughts . Therefore I hope I may meet with a pardon for the meanness , and unworthiness of the performance to so good an end . And as for any one that shall find fault with my weak and unworthy management , of so worthy , so good a Cause , it is no more than what I do my self . Let him but be pleased to undertake the Cause , and manage it better , and I assure him , I shall be so far from being offended with him , That I shall be infinitely well pleased and rejoyce therein , and return him my thanks . And it is yet my Hopes , this Essay may animate and encourage eminent and able Champions in so worthy a Cause ; which , without doubt , is the most excellent , most honourable , most worthy , the best in the World , and merits the assistance of the ablest Heads , Pens , and Tongues that are extant among us . FINIS . Books Printed for , and Sold by Luke Meredith , at the King's Head , at the West End of St. Paul's Church-Yard . AN Introduction to the Old English History ; comprehended in Three several Tracts : The First , An Answer to Mr. Petyt's Rights of the Commons Asserted ; and to a Book , Entituled , Jani Anglorum Facies Nova : The Second Edition very much enlarged . The Second , An Answer to a Book , Entituled , Argumentum Antinormanicum ; much upon the same Subject : Never before Published . The Third , The Exact History of the Succession of the Crown of England : The Second Edition , also very much enlarged . Together , with an Appendix , containing several Records , and a Series of Great Councils and Parliaments , Before and After the Conquest , unto the End of the Reign of Henry the Third . And a Glossary , expounding many Words , used frequently in our Antient Records , Laws , and Historians . Published for the Vindication of Truth , and the Assistance of such as desire with Satisfaction to read , and truly understand the Antient English Historians , and other Pieces of Antiquity . By Robert Brady , Doctor in Physick . A Loyal Tear dropt on the Vault of the High and Mighty Prince , Charles the Second , of Gorious and Happy Memory . By Henry Anderson , M. A. Vicar of Kingsumborne in Hampshire . The Songs of Moses and Deborah Paraphras'd ; with Poems on several Occasions . Never before Published . To which is added , A Pindarick on Mr. L'Estrange . A Dialogue between a Pastor , and his Parishioner , touching the Lord's Supper : Wherein the most material Doubts and Scruples about Receiving that Holy Sacrament , are removed , and the Way thereto discovered to be both plain and pleasant . Very useful for Private Christians in these scrupulous Times . By Michael Altham . The Second Edition . To which is added , Some short Prayers , fitted for that Occasion ; and a Morning and Evening Prayer , for the Use of Private Families . Two Treatises : The First , Concerning Reproaching and Censure ; The Second , An Answer to Mr. Serjeant's Sure-Footing . To which are annexed , Three Sermons Preached upon several Occasions ; and very useful for these Times . By the late Learned and Reverend William Faulkner , D. D. Rhetoricae Libri Duo : Quorum Prior de Tropis & Figuris , Posterior de Voce & Gestu praecipit . In usum Scholarum postremo recogniti , infinitisque poene mendis expurgati . Autore Carolo Butlero , Magd. Artium Magistro . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A24968-e300 Sir Edwin Sands in his Europae Speculum .