An appeal to the House of Commons, desiring their ansvver: vvhether the common-people shall have the quiet enjoyment of the commons and waste land; or whether they shall be under the will of lords of mannors still. Occasioned by an arrest, made by Thomas Lord Wenman, Ralph Verny Knight, and Richard Winwood Esq; upon the author hereof, for a trespass, in digging upon the common-land at Georges Hill in Surrey. / By Gerrard Winstanly, Iohn Barker, and Thomas Star, in the name of all the poor oppressed in the land of England.
         Winstanley, Gerrard, b. 1609.
      
       
         This text is an enriched version of the TCP digital transcription A96689 of text R204110 in the  English Short Title Catalog (Thomason E564_5). Textual changes  and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more  computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life.  The text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with  MorphAdorner. The annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). Textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish.  This text has not been fully proofread 
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         EarlyPrint Project
         Evanston,IL, Notre Dame, IN, St. Louis, MO
         2017
         A96689
         Wing W3040
         Thomason E564_5
         ESTC R204110
         99863806
         99863806
         116021
         
           
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         (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A96689)
         Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 116021)
         Images scanned from microfilm: (Thomason Tracts ; 87:E564[5])
      
       
         
           
             An appeal to the House of Commons, desiring their ansvver: vvhether the common-people shall have the quiet enjoyment of the commons and waste land; or whether they shall be under the will of lords of mannors still. Occasioned by an arrest, made by Thomas Lord Wenman, Ralph Verny Knight, and Richard Winwood Esq; upon the author hereof, for a trespass, in digging upon the common-land at Georges Hill in Surrey. / By Gerrard Winstanly, Iohn Barker, and Thomas Star, in the name of all the poor oppressed in the land of England.
             Winstanley, Gerrard, b. 1609.
             Barker, John, 17th cent.
             Star, Thomas.
             England and Wales. Parliament. House of Commons.
          
           19 [i.e. 16] p.
           
             s.n.],
             [London :
             Printed in the year, 1649.
          
           
             Place of publication from Wing.
             P. 16 misnumbered 19.
             Annotation on Thomason copy: "July. 11.".
             Reproduction of the original in the British Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
         eng
      
       
         
           Inclosures -- England -- Early works to 1800.
           Levellers -- Early works to 1800.
           Great Britain -- Politics and government -- 1649-1660 -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
       A96689  R204110  (Thomason E564_5).  civilwar no An appeal to the House of Commons,:  desiring their ansvver: vvhether the common-people shall have the quiet enjoyment of the commons and wa Winstanley, Gerrard 1649    5053 19 0 0 0 0 0 38 D  The  rate of 38 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the D category of texts with between 35 and 100 defects per 10,000 words. 
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        2007-07 Angela Berkley
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        2007-07 Angela Berkley
        Text and markup reviewed and edited
      
        2008-02 pfs
        Batch review (QC) and XML conversion
      
    
  
   
     
       
       
         
           AN
           APPEAL
           To
           the
           House
           of
           COMMONS
           ,
           Desiring
           their
           ANSVVER
           :
           VVhether
           the
           Common-people
           shall
           have
           the
           quiet
           enjoyment
           of
           the
           
             Commons
          
           and
           
             Waste
             Land
             ;
          
           Or
           whether
           they
           shall
           be
           under
           the
           will
           of
           
             Lords
          
           of
           
             Mannors
          
           still
           .
        
         
           Occasioned
           by
           an
           Arrest
           ,
           made
           by
           
             Thomas
          
           Lord
           
             Wenman
             ▪
             Ralph
             Verny
          
           Knight
           ,
           and
           
             Richard
             Winwood
          
           Esq
           ;
           upon
           the
           Author
           hereof
           ,
           for
           a
           Trespass
           ,
           in
           Digging
           upon
           the
           Common-Land
           at
           
             Georges
          
           Hill
           in
           
             Surrey
             .
          
        
         
           By
           
             Gerrard
             Winstanly
             ,
             Iohn
             Barker
             ,
          
           and
           
             Thomas
             Star
             ,
          
           In
           the
           Name
           of
           all
           the
           poor
           oppressed
           in
           the
           Land
           of
           
             ENGLAND
             .
          
        
         
           
             Vnrighteous
             Oppression
             kindles
             a
             flame
             ;
             but
             Love
             ,
             Righteousness
             ,
             and
             Tenderness
             of
             heart
             ▪
             quenches
             it
             again
             .
          
        
         
           Printed
           in
           the
           Year
           ,
           1649.
           
        
      
    
     
       
       
       
         
           AN
           Appeal
           to
           the
           House
           of
           Commons
           ,
           Desiring
           their
           ANSVVER
           ;
           Whether
           the
           Common-People
           shall
           have
           the
           quiet
           enjoyment
           of
           the
           Commons
           and
           Waste
           Lands
           :
           Or
           whether
           they
           shall
           be
           under
           the
           will
           of
           Lords
           of
           Mannors
           still
           .
        
         
           
             SIRS
             ,
          
        
         
           THe
           cause
           of
           this
           our
           Presentment
           before
           you
           ,
           is
           ,
           An
           Appeal
           to
           you
           ,
           desiring
           you
           to
           demonstrate
           to
           us
           ,
           and
           the
           whole
           Land
           ,
           the
           equity
           ,
           or
           not
           equity
           of
           our
           cause
           ;
           And
           that
           you
           would
           either
           cast
           us
           by
           just
           reason
           under
           the
           feet
           of
           those
           we
           call
           Task-Masters
           ,
           or
           Lords
           of
           Mannors
           ,
           or
           else
           to
           deliver
           us
           out
           of
           their
           Tyrannical
           hands
           :
           In
           whose
           hands
           ,
           by
           way
           of
           Arrest
           ,
           we
           are
           for
           the
           present
           ,
           for
           a
           Trespass
           to
           them
           ,
           as
           they
           say
           ,
           In
           digging
           upon
           the
           Common-Land
           .
           The
           setling
           whereof
           ,
           according
           to
           Equity
           and
           Reason
           ,
           wil
           quiet
           the
           mindes
           of
           the
           oppressed
           people
           ;
           it
           will
           be
           a
           keeping
           of
           our
           Nationall
           
           Covenant
           ;
           it
           will
           be
           peace
           to
           your selves
           ,
           and
           make
           
             England
          
           the
           most
           flourishing
           ,
           and
           strongest
           Land
           in
           the
           〈◊〉
           and
           the
           first
           of
           Nations
           that
           shall
           begin
           to
           give
           up
           their
           Crown
           and
           Scepter
           ,
           their
           Dominion
           and
           Government
           into
           the
           hands
           of
           Jesus
           Christ
           .
        
         
           The
           cause
           is
           this
           ,
           we
           ,
           amongst
           others
           of
           the
           common
           peopl●●
           that
           have
           been
           ever
           friends
           to
           the
           Parliament
           ,
           as
           we
           are
           〈◊〉
           red
           our
           enemies
           wil
           witness
           to
           it
           ,
           have
           plowed
           and
           dig'd
           upon
           
             Georges
             Hill
          
           in
           
             Surrey
             ,
          
           to
           sow
           corn
           for
           the
           succour
           of
           man
           ,
           offering
           no
           offence
           to
           any
           ,
           but
           do
           carry
           our selves
           in
           love
           and
           peace
           towards
           all
           having
           no
           intent
           to
           meddle
           with
           any
           mans
           inclosures
           ,
           or
           propriety
           ,
           til
           it
           be
           freely
           given
           to
           us
           by
           themselves
           ,
           but
           only
           to
           improve
           the
           Commons
           and
           waste
           Lands
           to
           our
           best
           advantage
           ,
           for
           the
           relief
           of
           our selves
           and
           others
           ,
           being
           moved
           thereunto
           by
           the
           Reason
           hereafter
           following
           ,
           not
           expecting
           any
           to
           be
           much
           offended
           ,
           in
           regard
           the
           cause
           is
           so
           just
           and
           upright
           .
        
         
           Yet
           notwithstanding
           ,
           there
           be
           three
           men
           (
           called
           by
           the
           people
           
             Lords
             of
             Manors
          
           )
           viz.
           
             Thomas
          
           Lord
           
             Wenman
             ,
             Ralph
             Ve●ny
          
           Knight
           ,
           and
           
             Richard
             Winwood
          
           Esquire
           ,
           have
           arrested
           〈◊〉
           for
           a
           trespass
           in
           digging
           upon
           the
           Commons
           ,
           and
           upon
           the
           Arrest
           we
           made
           our
           appearance
           in
           
             Kingstone
          
           Court
           ,
           where
           we
           understood
           we
           were
           arrested
           for
           medling
           with
           other
           mens
           Rights
           ;
           and
           secondly
           ,
           they
           were
           incouraged
           to
           arrest
           us
           upon
           your
           Act
           of
           Parliament
           (
           as
           they
           tell
           us
           )
           to
           maintain
           the
           old
           Laws
           ;
           we
           desired
           to
           plead
           our
           own
           cause
           ,
           the
           Court
           denied
           us
           ▪
           and
           to
           fee
           a
           Lawyer
           we
           cannot
           ,
           for
           divers
           reasons
           ,
           as
           we
           may
           shew
           hereafter
           .
        
         
           Now
           Sirs
           ,
           our
           case
           is
           this
           ,
           for
           we
           appeal
           to
           you
           ,
           for
           you
           are
           the
           only
           men
           that
           we
           are
           to
           deal
           withall
           in
           this
           business
           ▪
           Whether
           the
           common
           people
           ,
           after
           all
           their
           taxes
           ,
           free-quarter
           ,
           and
           loss
           of
           blood
           to
           recover
           
             England
          
           from
           under
           the
           
             Norman
          
           yoak
           shal
           have
           the
           freedom
           to
           improve
           the
           Comon●
           ,
           and
           waste
           Lands
           free
           to
           themselves
           ,
           as
           freely
           their
           own
           ,
           as
           the
           Inclosures
           are
           the
           propriety
           of
           the
           elder
           brothers
           ?
           Or
           whether
           the
           Lords
           of
           Manors
           shall
           have
           them
           ,
           according
           to
           their
           old
           Custom
           from
           the
           Kings
           Will
           and
           Grant
           ,
           and
           so
           remain
           
           Task-Masters
           still
           over
           us
           which
           〈◊〉
           the
           peoples
           slavery
           〈◊〉
           Conquest
           .
        
         
           We
           have
           made
           our
           appeal
           〈◊〉
           ,
           to
           settle
           this
           matter
           in
           the
           Equity
           and
           Reason
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           to
           pass
           the
           sentence
           of
           freedom
           to
           us
           you
           being
           the
           men
           with
           whom
           we
           have
           to
           do
           in
           this
           business
           ,
           in
           whose
           hands
           there
           is
           power
           to
           settle
           it
           ,
           for
           no
           Court
           can
           end
           this
           controversie
           ▪
           but
           your
           Court
           of
           Parliament
           ,
           as
           the
           case
           of
           this
           Nation
           now
           stands
           .
        
         
           Therefore
           we
           〈◊〉
           you
           to
           read
           over
           this
           following
           Declaration
           ,
           wherein
           we
           have
           declared
           our
           Reason
           ,
           that
           the
           Commons
           and
           waste
           lands
           is
           the
           common
           peoples
           ,
           and
           that
           in
           equity
           you
           ought
           to
           let
           them
           quietly
           enjoy
           them
           ,
           as
           the
           elder
           brothers
           quietly
           enjoy
           their
           inclosures
           .
           The
           profit
           of
           this
           business
           to
           the
           Nation
           ,
           the
           quitting
           of
           the
           hearts
           of
           the
           poor
           oppressed
           that
           are
           groaning
           under
           burthens
           and
           streights
           and
           the
           peace
           of
           your
           own
           hearts
           ,
           to
           see
           the
           peare
           of
           the
           Nation
           setled
           in
           his
           plat-form
           ,
           will
           much
           countervail
           the
           spending
           of
           so
           much
           time
           .
        
         
           Sirs
           ,
           you
           know
           ,
           that
           the
           Land
           of
           
             England
          
           in
           the
           land
           of
           our
           Nativity
           ,
           both
           yours
           and
           ours
           ,
           and
           all
           of
           us
           by
           the
           righteous
           Law
           of
           our
           Creation
           ,
           ought
           to
           have
           food
           and
           rayment
           freely
           by
           our
           righteous
           labouring
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           without
           working
           for
           hire
           ,
           or
           paying
           rent
           one
           to
           another
           .
        
         
           But
           since
           the
           fall
           of
           man
           from
           that
           righteous
           Law
           .
           The
           Nations
           of
           the
           world
           have
           rise
           up
           in
           variance
           one
           against
           another
           ,
           and
           sought
           against
           murdered
           ,
           and
           stoln
           the
           land
           of
           their
           Nativity
           one
           from
           another
           ,
           and
           by
           their
           power
           of
           their
           conquests
           ,
           have
           〈◊〉
           set
           up
           some
           to
           rule
           in
           tyranny
           over
           others
           ,
           and
           thereby
           have
           enslaved
           the
           conquered
           ,
           which
           is
           a
           burden
           the
           whole
           Creation
           hath
           ,
           and
           yet
           does
           groane
           under
           .
           The
           teeth
           of
           all
           Nations
           hath
           been
           set
           on
           edge
           by
           this
           four
           grape
           ,
           the
           covetous
           murdering
           sword
           .
        
         
           
             England
             ,
          
           you
           know
           ,
           hath
           been
           conquered
           and
           enslaved
           divers
           times
           ,
           and
           the
           best
           Laws
           that
           
             England
          
           hath
           ,
           (
           viz.
           
             Magna
             Charta
          
           )
           were
           got
           by
           our
           Forefathers
           importunate
           petitioning
           unto
           the
           Kings
           ,
           that
           stil
           were
           their
           Task-masters
           ;
           and
           yet
           these
           best
           laws
           are
           yoaks
           and
           manicles
           ,
           tying
           one
           sort
           of
           
           people
           to
           be
           slaves
           to
           another
           ;
           Clergy
           and
           Gentry
           have
           〈◊〉
           their
           freedom
           ,
           but
           the
           common
           people
           stil
           are
           ,
           and
           have
           been
           left
           servants
           to
           work
           for
           〈◊〉
           like
           the
           
             Israilites
          
           under
           the
           
             Egyptian
          
           Task
           masters
           .
        
         
           The
           last
           enslaving
           yoak
           that
           
             England
          
           groaned
           under
           ,
           (
           and
           yet
           is
           not
           freed
           from
           )
           was
           the
           
             Norman
             ,
          
           as
           you
           know
           ;
           and
           since
           
             William
          
           the
           Conqueror
           came
           in
           ,
           about
           six
           hundred
           years
           ago
           ,
           all
           the
           Kings
           that
           stil
           succeeded
           ,
           did
           confirm
           the
           old
           laws
           ▪
           or
           else
           make
           new
           ones
           ,
           to
           uphold
           that
           
             Norman
          
           conquest
           over
           us
           ;
           and
           the
           most
           favouring
           laws
           that
           we
           have
           ,
           doth
           stil
           binde
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           enslaved
           
             English
          
           from
           enjoying
           the
           freedom
           of
           their
           creation
           .
        
         
           You
           of
           the
           Gentry
           ,
           as
           wel
           as
           we
           of
           the
           Comonalty
           ,
           all
           groaned
           under
           the
           burden
           of
           the
           bad
           Government
           ,
           and
           burdening
           laws
           under
           the
           late
           King
           
             Charls
             ,
          
           who
           was
           the
           last
           successor
           of
           
             William
          
           the
           Conqueror
           :
           you
           and
           we
           cried
           for
           a
           Parliament
           ,
           and
           a
           Parliament
           was
           called
           ,
           and
           wars
           ,
           you
           know
           ,
           presently
           begun
           ,
           between
           the
           King
           ,
           that
           represented
           
             William
          
           the
           Conqueror
           ,
           and
           the
           body
           of
           the
           
             English
          
           people
           that
           were
           enslaved
           .
        
         
           We
           looked
           upon
           you
           to
           be
           our
           chief
           Councel
           ,
           to
           agitate
           business
           for
           us
           ,
           though
           you
           were
           summoned
           by
           the
           Kings
           Writ
           ,
           and
           chosen
           by
           the
           Free-holders
           ,
           that
           are
           the
           successors
           of
           
             William
          
           the
           Conquerors
           souldiers
           ;
           you
           saw
           the
           danger
           so
           great
           ,
           that
           without
           a
           war
           
             England
          
           was
           like
           to
           be
           more
           enslaved
           ,
           therefore
           you
           called
           upon
           us
           to
           assist
           you
           with
           plate
           ,
           〈◊〉
           ,
           freequarter
           ,
           and
           our
           persons
           ;
           and
           you
           promised
           us
           ,
           in
           the
           name
           of
           the
           Almighty
           ,
           to
           make
           us
           a
           free
           people
           ;
           〈◊〉
           on
           you
           and
           we
           took
           the
           National
           Covenant
           with
           joynt
           consent
           ,
           to
           endeavour
           the
           freedom
           ,
           peace
           and
           safety
           of
           the
           people
           of
           
             England
             .
          
        
         
           And
           you
           and
           we
           joyned
           purse
           and
           person
           together
           in
           this
           common
           cause
           ;
           and
           
             Wil
          
           the
           Conquerors
           successor
           ,
           which
           was
           
             Charls
             ,
          
           was
           cast
           out
           ;
           and
           thereby
           we
           have
           recovered
           our selves
           from
           under
           that
           
             Norman
          
           yoak
           ;
           and
           now
           unless
           you
           and
           we
           be
           meerly
           besotted
           with
           covetousness
           ,
           pride
           ,
           and
           slavish
           fear
           of
           men
           ,
           it
           is
           ,
           and
           will
           be
           our
           wisdom
           to
           cast
           out
           all
           those
           
           enslaving
           laws
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           Tyrannical
           power
           that
           the
           〈◊〉
           ●rest
           as
           down
           by
           :
           O
           shut
           not
           your
           eyes
           against
           the
           light
           ,
           darken
           nor
           knowledg
           ,
           by
           dispute
           about
           〈◊〉
           mens
           priviledges
           ,
           when
           universal
           freedom
           is
           brought
           to
           be
           tried
           before
           you
           ,
           dispute
           no
           further
           when
           truth
           appears
           ,
           but
           be
           silent
           ,
           and
           practise
           it
           .
        
         
           Stop
           not
           your
           ears
           against
           the
           secret
           mourning
           of
           the
           oppressed
           ,
           under
           these
           expressions
           ,
           lest
           the
           Lord
           see
           it
           ,
           and
           be
           offended
           ,
           and
           shut
           his
           ears
           against
           your
           cries
           ,
           and
           work
           a
           deliverance
           for
           his
           waiting
           people
           some
           other
           way
           then
           by
           you
           .
        
         
           The
           maine
           thing
           that
           you
           should
           look
           upon
           is
           the
           Land
           ,
           which
           calls
           upon
           her
           children
           to
           be
           freed
           from
           the
           entanglement
           of
           the
           
             Norman
          
           Task-masters
           ,
           for
           one
           third
           part
           lies
           waste
           and
           barren
           ,
           and
           her
           children
           starve
           for
           want
           ,
           in
           regard
           the
           Lords
           of
           Manors
           will
           not
           suffer
           the
           poor
           to
           manure
           it
           .
        
         
           When
           
             William
          
           the
           Conqueror
           came
           in
           ,
           he
           took
           the
           land
           from
           the
           
             English
             ,
          
           both
           the
           Enclosures
           from
           the
           Gentry
           ,
           and
           the
           Commons
           and
           waste
           lands
           from
           the
           common
           people
           ,
           and
           gave
           our
           land
           to
           his
           
             Norman
          
           souldiers
           .
        
         
           Therefore
           seeing
           we
           have
           with
           joynt
           consent
           of
           purse
           and
           person
           conquered
           his
           successor
           ,
           
             Charls
             ,
          
           and
           the
           power
           now
           is
           in
           your
           hand
           ,
           the
           Nations
           Representative
           ;
           O
           let
           the
           first
           thing
           you
           do
           ,
           be
           this
           ,
           to
           set
           the
           land
           free
           .
           Let
           the
           Gentry
           have
           their
           inclosures
           free
           from
           all
           
             Norman
          
           enslaving
           intanglements
           whatsoever
           ,
           and
           let
           the
           common
           people
           have
           their
           Commons
           and
           waste
           lands
           set
           free
           to
           them
           ,
           from
           all
           
             Norman
          
           enslaving
           Lords
           of
           Mannors
           ,
           that
           so
           both
           elder
           and
           younger
           brother
           ,
           as
           we
           spring
           successively
           one
           from
           another
           ,
           may
           live
           free
           and
           quiet
           one
           by
           ,
           and
           with
           another
           ,
           not
           burthening
           one
           another
           in
           this
           land
           of
           our
           Nativity
           .
        
         
           And
           this
           thing
           you
           are
           bound
           to
           see
           done
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           to
           endevor
           it
           ,
           before
           another
           Representative
           succeed
           you
           ;
           otherwise
           you
           cannot
           discharge
           your
           trust
           to
           God
           and
           man
           ,
           for
           these
           Reasons
           ,
        
         
           First
           ,
           if
           you
           free
           not
           the
           Land
           from
           entanglement
           of
           all
           
           
             Norman
          
           yoaks
           ,
           or
           ●●ther
           bondages
           ,
           so
           that
           the
           people
           〈◊〉
           well
           as
           another
           may
           enjoy
           the
           benefit
           of
           their
           〈…〉
           to
           have
           the
           land
           free
           to
           work
           upon
           ,
           that
           they
           may
           eate
           their
           bread
           in
           righteousness
           ;
           that
           is
           to
           say
           ,
           let
           the
           Freeholders
           have
           there
           freedom
           to
           work
           quietly
           in
           their
           Inclosures
           ,
           and
           let
           the
           common
           people
           have
           their
           Commons
           and
           waste
           lands
           〈◊〉
           to
           themselves
           .
           If
           you
           establish
           not
           this
           seeing
           power
           now
           is
           in
           your
           hand
           ,
           you
           will
           be
           the
           first
           that
           break
           Covenant
           with
           Almighty
           God
           .
        
         
           For
           you
           swore
           in
           your
           National
           Covenant
           to
           endeavour
           a
           Reformation
           according
           to
           the
           Word
           of
           God
           ,
           which
           Reformation
           is
           to
           restore
           us
           to
           that
           Primative
           freedom
           in
           the
           earth
           ,
           in
           which
           the
           earth
           was
           first
           made
           and
           given
           to
           the
           sons
           of
           men
           ,
           and
           that
           is
           to
           be
           a
           common
           treasury
           of
           livelihood
           to
           all
           ,
           without
           working
           for
           hire
           ,
           or
           paying
           rent
           to
           any
           ,
           for
           this
           is
           the
           Reformation
           according
           to
           the
           Word
           of
           God
           before
           the
           fall
           of
           man
           ,
           in
           which
           there
           is
           no
           respect
           of
           persons
           .
        
         
           And
           seeing
           in
           particular
           you
           swore
           to
           endeavour
           the
           freedom
           ,
           peace
           and
           safety
           of
           this
           people
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           shutting
           out
           no
           sort
           from
           freedom
           ;
           therefore
           you
           cannot
           say
           that
           the
           Gentry
           and
           Clergy
           were
           only
           comprehended
           ,
           but
           without
           exception
           ,
           all
           sorts
           of
           people
           in
           the
           land
           are
           to
           have
           freedom
           ,
           seeing
           all
           sorts
           have
           assisted
           you
           in
           person
           and
           purse
           ,
           and
           the
           common
           people
           more
           especially
           ,
           seeing
           their
           estates
           were
           weakest
           ,
           and
           their
           misery
           in
           the
           wars
           the
           greatest
           .
        
         
           Therefore
           let
           the
           Gentry
           and
           Freeholders
           have
           their
           inclosures
           freed
           from
           all
           entanglements
           of
           Fines
           ,
           Heriots
           and
           other
           burdens
           ,
           and
           let
           the
           common
           people
           have
           their
           Commons
           and
           waste
           lands
           freed
           from
           entanglements
           of
           the
           
             Norman
          
           Lords
           of
           Mannors
           ,
           and
           pluck
           up
           all
           
             Norman
          
           Tyranny
           by
           the
           roots
           ,
           and
           so
           keep
           your
           Covenant
           that
           you
           ,
           and
           all
           〈◊〉
           of
           people
           may
           live
           in
           peace
           one
           among
           another
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           if
           this
           freedom
           be
           not
           granted
           quietly
           ,
           you
           will
           pull
           the
           blood
           and
           cries
           of
           the
           poor
           oppressed
           upon
           heads
           ;
           First
           ,
           because
           you
           have
           taken
           their
           money
           in
           taxes
           ,
           and
           freequarter
           from
           them
           ,
           whereby
           they
           are
           made
           worse
           able
           to
           live
           then
           before
           the
           wars
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           because
           in
           your
           low
           
           estate
           ,
           when
           you
           called
           upon
           us
           to
           come
           and
           help
           a
           bleeding
           dying
           Nation
           ,
           and
           we
           did
           come
           with
           purse
           and
           person
           ,
           and
           under-went
           great
           hardship
           ,
           and
           you
           stil
           promised
           us
           freedom
           in
           the
           end
           ,
           if
           in
           case
           you
           and
           we
           prevailed
           over
           the
           
             Norman
          
           successor
           ,
           and
           we
           have
           prevailed
           .
        
         
           And
           if
           now
           ,
           while
           the
           price
           is
           in
           your
           hand
           ,
           you
           should
           stil
           leave
           us
           under
           the
           
             Norman
          
           Lords
           of
           Manors
           ,
           and
           will
           not
           quietly
           suffer
           us
           to
           plant
           our selves
           upon
           the
           Commons
           ,
           and
           waste
           land
           ,
           which
           is
           ours
           by
           the
           law
           of
           our
           Creation
           ,
           and
           which
           is
           ours
           now
           by
           conquest
           from
           under
           our
           oppressor
           ,
           for
           which
           we
           have
           paid
           taxes
           ,
           given
           free-quarter
           ,
           and
           adventured
           our
           lives
           ;
           the
           Common-land
           now
           is
           as
           freely
           the
           common
           peoples
           ,
           as
           you
           can
           say
           the
           Inclosures
           are
           your
           propriety
           .
        
         
           If
           you
           deny
           this
           freedom
           ,
           then
           you
           justly
           pull
           the
           blood
           and
           cries
           of
           the
           poor
           oppressed
           upon
           you
           ,
           and
           are
           Covenant-breakers
           ,
           and
           wil
           be
           proved
           double
           hypocrites
           :
           First
           ,
           to
           Almighty
           God
           ,
           in
           breaking
           Covenant
           with
           him
           ,
           for
           in
           his
           Name
           you
           made
           the
           Covenant
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           to
           men
           ,
           in
           breaking
           Covenant
           with
           them
           ,
           for
           the
           matter
           of
           the
           Covenant
           was
           the
           freedom
           ,
           peace
           ,
           and
           safety
           of
           the
           people
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           taking
           in
           all
           sorts
           of
           people
           .
        
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           if
           you
           do
           not
           set
           us
           free
           from
           the
           
             Norman
          
           yoake
           ,
           now
           after
           you
           have
           taken
           our
           Taxes
           and
           Free-quarter
           from
           us
           ,
           whereby
           we
           have
           dearly
           bought
           our
           Freedom
           ,
           and
           you
           thereupon
           promised
           freedom
           ,
           and
           you
           have
           power
           now
           to
           give
           it
           ,
           for
           if
           you
           speak
           the
           word
           the
           
             Norman
          
           yoaks
           will
           be
           broke
           ,
           and
           all
           sorts
           will
           rejoyce
           in
           freedom
           and
           righteousness
           ;
           but
           if
           you
           will
           not
           ,
           you
           give
           a
           just
           occasion
           to
           the
           common
           people
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           never
           to
           trust
           the
           fair
           words
           of
           a
           Parliament
           any
           more
           ,
           as
           you
           were
           alwayes
           very
           slow
           in
           trusting
           the
           King
           ,
           when
           he
           swore
           by
           the
           word
           of
           a
           King
           ,
           because
           you
           found
           that
           subtilty
           and
           Self
           lay
           under
           ,
           and
           no
           reality
           .
        
         
           And
           truly
           the
           hearts
           of
           people
           are
           much
           falling
           from
           you
           ,
           for
           your
           breach
           of
           Promises
           when
           you
           have
           power
           to
           keep
           them
           ,
           and
           for
           your
           neglect
           of
           giving
           them
           their
           freedom
           ,
           and
           removing
           burthens
           ;
           and
           what
           danger
           may
           ensue
           by
           that
           to
           
           your selves
           ,
           and
           the
           Nations
           ,
           you
           know
           how
           to
           judg
           ;
           and
           for
           our
           parts
           we
           are
           sorry
           to
           hear
           the
           muttering
           of
           the
           people
           against
           you
           .
        
         
           O
           that
           there
           were
           a
           heart
           in
           you
           to
           consider
           of
           these
           things
           ,
           and
           act
           righteousnesse
           ,
           how
           sweetly
           might
           you
           and
           the
           people
           live
           together
           :
           If
           you
           grant
           this
           freedom
           we
           speak
           of
           ,
           you
           gain
           the
           hearts
           of
           the
           Nation
           ;
           if
           you
           neglect
           this
           ,
           you
           will
           fall
           as
           fast
           in
           their
           affections
           as
           ever
           you
           rise
           :
           I
           speak
           what
           I
           see
           ,
           and
           do
           you
           observe
           ;
           slight
           not
           that
           love
           that
           speaks
           feelingly
           ,
           from
           the
           sence
           of
           the
           Nations
           burdens
           .
        
         
           Fourthly
           ,
           if
           still
           you
           should
           establish
           the
           old
           
             Norman
          
           laws
           ,
           and
           confirm
           Lords
           of
           Manors
           in
           their
           ancient
           Custom
           ,
           and
           oppressing
           power
           over
           the
           Common-people
           ,
           you
           would
           now
           at
           length
           ,
           after
           the
           wars
           with
           King
           
             Charls
          
           are
           over
           ,
           take
           part
           with
           such
           (
           as
           is
           known
           very
           well
           )
           as
           have
           been
           either
           flat
           enemies
           ,
           or
           ambidexters
           all
           along
           the
           wars
           ,
           and
           will
           cast
           such
           as
           have
           been
           your
           true
           friends
           at
           the
           feet
           of
           the
           Nations
           enemies
           ,
           to
           be
           still
           oppressed
           by
           their
           cruelty
           .
           Surely
           if
           these
           Lords
           and
           Free-holders
           have
           their
           Inclosures
           established
           to
           them
           in
           peace
           ,
           is
           not
           that
           freedom
           enough
           ?
           Must
           they
           needs
           have
           the
           Common
           land
           likewise
           ?
           As
           
             Ahab
             ,
          
           that
           was
           restlesse
           till
           he
           had
           
             Naboths
          
           Vineyard
           ,
           and
           so
           in
           the
           midst
           of
           their
           abundance
           ,
           yet
           will
           eat
           the
           bread
           out
           of
           the
           poores
           mouthes
           .
           O
           ,
           the
           land
           mourns
           in
           her
           children
           ,
           under
           the
           hard
           hearted
           covetousnesse
           of
           these
           men
           .
        
         
           Fifthly
           ,
           If
           you
           establish
           the
           old
           
             Norman
          
           laws
           ,
           That
           Lords
           of
           Manors
           shall
           still
           have
           the
           Commons
           and
           waste
           lands
           ,
           then
           you
           are
           the
           maintainers
           of
           the
           old
           
             Norman
          
           Murder
           and
           Theft
           still
           ;
           for
           Lords
           of
           Manors
           came
           to
           be
           Tyrants
           over
           the
           poor
           enslaved
           English
           ,
           by
           the
           Murder
           and
           Theft
           of
           
             William
          
           the
           Conqu●rour
           ,
           and
           downwards
           to
           this
           day
           they
           have
           held
           title
           to
           their
           Royalties
           therefrom
           ,
           and
           from
           the
           will
           of
           the
           King
           ;
           for
           when
           he
           had
           conquered
           ,
           he
           turned
           the
           English
           out
           ,
           and
           gave
           their
           land
           to
           his
           
             Norman
          
           souldiers
           .
        
         
           Sixthly
           ,
           If
           you
           establish
           the
           old
           
             Norman
          
           laws
           ,
           and
           this
           especially
           ▪
           That
           the
           Lords
           of
           Manors
           shall
           still
           be
           Lords
           of
           the
           
           Common
           land
           and
           the
           Common
           people
           be
           still
           enslaved
           to
           them
           ,
           then
           you
           pull
           the
           guilt
           of
           King
           
             Charles
          
           his
           blood
           upon
           your
           own
           heads
           ;
           for
           then
           it
           will
           appear
           to
           the
           view
           of
           all
           men
           ,
           That
           you
           cut
           off
           the
           Kings
           head
           ,
           that
           you
           might
           establish
           your selves
           in
           his
           Chair
           of
           Government
           ,
           and
           that
           your
           aym
           was
           not
           to
           throw
           down
           Tyranny
           ,
           but
           the
           Tyrant
           .
           But
           alas
           ,
           the
           Kings
           blood
           was
           not
           our
           burthen
           ,
           it
           was
           those
           oppressing
           
             Norman
          
           laws
           ,
           whereby
           he
           enslaved
           us
           ,
           that
           we
           groaded
           under
           .
        
         
           Let
           it
           not
           be
           said
           in
           the
           ears
           of
           posterity
           ,
           That
           the
           Gentry
           of
           England
           assembled
           in
           Parliament
           ,
           proved
           Covenant-breakers
           ,
           Oaths
           ,
           Protestations
           ,
           and
           promise
           brekkers
           to
           God
           ,
           and
           the
           Common
           people
           ,
           after
           their
           own
           turn
           was
           served
           ;
           and
           killed
           the
           King
           for
           his
           power
           and
           government
           ,
           as
           a
           thief
           kils
           a
           true
           man
           for
           his
           money
           .
           I
           do
           not
           say
           you
           have
           done
           so
           ,
           but
           for
           shame
           dally
           no
           longer
           ,
           but
           cut
           off
           the
           bad
           laws
           ,
           with
           the
           Kings
           head
           ,
           and
           let
           the
           poor
           oppressed
           go
           free
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           the
           Gentry
           and
           Clergy
           ,
           and
           you
           will
           finde
           more
           peace
           .
           Let
           the
           Common
           land
           be
           set
           free
           ,
           break
           the
           
             Norman
          
           yoak
           of
           Lords
           of
           Manors
           ;
           and
           pull
           not
           the
           cryes
           and
           blood
           of
           the
           poor
           oppressed
           upon
           you
        
         
           Seventhly
           ,
           Know
           this
           ,
           That
           if
           ever
           you
           ,
           or
           any
           Parliament
           of
           England
           ,
           do
           England
           good
           ,
           you
           must
           make
           all
           your
           laws
           in
           the
           light
           of
           equity
           and
           reason
           ,
           respecting
           the
           freedom
           of
           all
           sorts
           of
           people
           ;
           but
           if
           you
           respect
           some
           sort
           of
           people
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           the
           Gentry
           ,
           and
           Clergy
           ,
           and
           give
           freedom
           to
           them
           ;
           for
           they
           ,
           by
           vertue
           of
           your
           Act
           of
           Parliament
           ,
           establishing
           the
           old
           
             Norman
          
           laws
           ,
           do
           arrest
           and
           trouble
           me
           and
           others
           ,
           for
           digging
           upon
           the
           Commons
           ,
           whereas
           by
           vertue
           of
           the
           Victory
           over
           the
           King
           ,
           in
           regard
           I
           have
           to
           my
           estate
           given
           free
           quarter
           and
           taxes
           for
           Englands
           liberty
           ,
           as
           they
           have
           done
           ,
           I
           have
           as
           much
           right
           to
           the
           Common
           land
           as
           they
           ;
           therefore
           I
           say
           ,
           if
           the
           Gentry
           and
           Clergy
           must
           have
           their
           
             Norman
          
           power
           established
           to
           them
           ,
           and
           the
           Common
           people
           ,
           that
           are
           more
           considerable
           for
           number
           and
           necessities
           ,
           be
           left
           still
           under
           the
           yoak
           ,
           you
           will
           be
           proved
           the
           foolish
           builders
           .
        
         
           Surely
           if
           you
           found
           out
           the
           Court
           of
           Wards
           to
           be
           a
           burden
           ,
           
           and
           freed
           Lords
           of
           Mannors
           ,
           and
           Gentry
           from
           paying
           Fines
           to
           the
           King
           ;
           and
           freed
           their
           children
           from
           the
           slavery
           of
           falling
           Ward
           ;
           Let
           the
           common
           People
           be
           set
           free
           too
           from
           paying
           homage
           to
           Lords
           of
           Manors
           ;
           and
           let
           all
           sorts
           have
           freedome
           by
           vertue
           of
           this
           Conquest
           over
           the
           
             Norman
          
           successor●
           And
           seeing
           you
           took
           away
           the
           will
           of
           the
           King
           from
           enslaving
           Lords
           of
           Mannors
           ,
           Take
           away
           the
           will
           of
           Lords
           of
           Mannors
           from
           enslaving
           the
           Common
           People
           .
        
         
           Thus
           sirs
           ,
           we
           have
           made
           our
           Appeal
           to
           you
           ,
           as
           the
           only
           men
           that
           must
           and
           can
           give
           sentence
           of
           freedome
           in
           this
           controversie
           ,
           and
           that
           you
           will
           not
           leave
           us
           in
           the
           cruell
           hands
           of
           Lords
           of
           Mannors
           ,
           the
           successors
           of
           the
           
             Norman
          
           Task-masters
           ;
           For
           there
           are
           but
           three
           wayes
           that
           Lords
           of
           Man●●●
           can
           lay
           claime
           to
           the
           Common
           land
           ,
           and
           yet
           all
           three
           are
           too
           weak
           to
           build
           a
           just
           title
           upon
           :
        
         
           First
           ,
           if
           they
           can
           prove
           ,
           that
           the
           Earth
           was
           made
           by
           Almighty
           God
           peculiarly
           for
           them
           ,
           and
           not
           for
           others
           equall
           with
           them
           ,
           then
           we
           have
           trespassed
           in
           digging
           upon
           their
           rights
           ;
           but
           the
           Earth
           was
           made
           as
           free
           for
           us
           as
           for
           them
           ;
           therefore
           they
           have
           trespassed
           against
           us
           their
           fellow-creatures
           ,
           in
           troubling
           us
           by
           their
           tyrannicall
           Arrest
           ,
           and
           hindering
           us
           from
           our
           righteous
           labor
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           if
           they
           say
           ,
           that
           others
           sold
           or
           gave
           them
           the
           title
           to
           the
           Commons
           ,
           by
           way
           of
           Inheritance
           ;
           They
           are
           to
           prove
           by
           what
           Authority
           any
           other
           had
           from
           the
           pure
           Law
           of
           our
           Creation
           ,
           to
           give
           away
           or
           sell
           the
           Earth
           from
           the
           use
           of
           any
           of
           their
           fellow
           creatures
           ,
           it
           being
           the
           common
           store-house
           of
           livelihood
           for
           all
           ,
           without
           respect
           of
           persons
           .
        
         
           He
           that
           sels
           the
           Earth
           ,
           and
           he
           that
           buyes
           ,
           doth
           remove
           the
           land-mark
           from
           the
           third
           person
           ,
           because
           the
           land
           that
           is
           bought
           and
           sold
           ,
           belongs
           to
           the
           third
           man
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           to
           the
           other
           two
           that
           buys
           and
           sels
           ;
           and
           they
           two
           persons
           that
           buys
           and
           sels
           ,
           and
           leaves
           the
           land
           that
           is
           bought
           for
           an
           inheritance
           to
           their
           children
           ,
           excluding
           others
           ,
           they
           murder
           the
           third
           man
           ,
           because
           they
           steal
           away
           his
           livelihood
           from
           him
           ;
           for
           after
           a
           man
           hath
           bought
           the
           land
           ,
           and
           paid
           money
           for
           it
           to
           another
           ,
           
           he
           saith
           ,
           this
           is
           my
           land
           ,
           I
           have
           paid
           for
           it
           :
           But
           the
           third
           man
           comes
           in
           ,
           and
           saith
           ,
           the
           land
           is
           mine
           ,
           equall
           with
           you
           by
           the
           law
           of
           Creation
           ;
           And
           so
           he
           that
           is
           the
           buyer
           ,
           he
           begins
           to
           draw
           his
           sword
           ,
           and
           to
           fight
           ;
           and
           if
           he
           conquer
           ,
           he
           rejoyces
           ,
           and
           sayes
           ,
           the
           land
           is
           now
           mine
           indeed
           ,
           I
           have
           bought
           ,
           and
           I
           have
           conquered
           .
           But
           thou
           coverous
           person
           ,
           so
           long
           as
           there
           is
           another
           man
           in
           the
           world
           besides
           thee
           ,
           and
           him
           whom
           thou
           hast
           killed
           ,
           the
           Earth
           belongs
           to
           him
           as
           well
           as
           to
           thee
           ;
           And
           this
           is
           the
           case
           of
           the
           Nations
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           and
           thus
           propriety
           came
           in
           ,
           and
           hath
           been
           left
           as
           an
           Inheritance
           to
           Children
           ;
           which
           is
           the
           burden
           the
           Creation
           groans
           under
           .
        
         
           Here
           we
           see
           who
           are
           thieves
           and
           murderers
           ;
           even
           the
           buyers
           and
           sellers
           of
           land
           ,
           with
           her
           fruits
           ,
           these
           are
           they
           that
           take
           away
           another
           mans
           right
           from
           him
           ;
           and
           that
           overthrowes
           righteous
           propriety
           ,
           to
           uphold
           particular
           propriety
           ,
           which
           covetousnes
           the
           God
           of
           this
           world
           hath
           set
           up
           .
        
         
           But
           thirdly
           ,
           if
           Lords
           of
           Manors
           say
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           truth
           ,
           that
           they
           hold
           title
           to
           the
           Commons
           by
           custome
           ,
           from
           the
           Kings
           will
           ,
           as
           they
           do
           ,
           this
           is
           as
           bad
           as
           the
           other
           ;
           for
           we
           know
           the
           King
           came
           in
           by
           conquest
           ,
           and
           gave
           the
           land
           to
           these
           forefathers
           ,
           to
           be
           task-masters
           over
           the
           conquered
           
             English
             .
          
           But
           if
           you
           say
           ,
           that
           these
           later
           Kings
           were
           chosen
           by
           the
           people
           ,
           it
           is
           possible
           it
           might
           be
           so
           ,
           but
           surely
           it
           was
           when
           his
           greatness
           over-awed
           them
           ,
           or
           else
           they
           would
           never
           have
           chosen
           him
           to
           enslave
           them
           ,
           and
           to
           set
           task-masters
           over
           them
           .
        
         
           But
           seeing
           the
           Common
           People
           have
           joyned
           person
           and
           purse
           with
           you
           ,
           to
           recover
           your selves
           from
           under
           the
           tyranny
           of
           Kings
           ,
           and
           have
           prevailed
           ;
           the
           Common
           people
           now
           have
           more
           truer
           title
           to
           the
           common
           lands
           ,
           then
           the
           Lords
           of
           Manors
           ,
           for
           they
           held
           title
           by
           Conquest
           and
           sword
           of
           the
           King
           (
           we
           now
           the
           common
           people
           have
           recovered
           the
           land
           again
           by
           conquest
           and
           sword
           in
           casting
           out
           the
           King
           )
           so
           that
           the
           title
           of
           Lords
           of
           Manors
           is
           broke
           .
        
         
         
           Therefore
           now
           the
           Common
           people
           have
           more
           true
           title
           to
           the
           Common
           land
           ,
           then
           Lords
           of
           Manors
           have
           ,
           in
           regard
           they
           have
           recovered
           themselves
           out
           of
           slavery
           by
           taxes
           ,
           free
           quarter
           ,
           and
           conquest
           ,
           yet
           we
           shut
           them
           not
           out
           ,
           but
           let
           them
           take
           part
           with
           us
           as
           fellow
           creatures
           ,
           and
           we
           with
           them
           ,
           and
           so
           honour
           our
           Creator
           in
           the
           work
           of
           his
           own
           hands
           .
        
         
           Thus
           we
           have
           declared
           our
           Cause
           without
           flattery
           to
           you
           ;
           if
           you
           leave
           us
           in
           the
           hands
           of
           oppression
           ,
           and
           under
           the
           power
           of
           the
           old
           tyrannicall
           laws
           ,
           know
           this
           ,
           that
           we
           suffer
           in
           pursute
           of
           o●●
           Nationall
           Covenant
           ,
           endeavouring
           a
           Reformation
           in
           our
           place
           and
           calling
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           word
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           you
           shall
           be
           left
           without
           excuse
           .
        
         
           Set
           the
           Land
           free
           from
           Oppression
           ,
           And
           righteousnesse
           will
           be
           the
           Laws
           ,
           Government
           ,
           and
           strength
           of
           that
           People
           .
        
         
         
           
             These
             are
             some
             of
             the
             NORMAN
             Laws
             which
             William
             the
             Conqueror
             brought
             into
             ENGLAND
             .
          
           
             FIrst
             ,
             he
             turned
             the
             
               English
            
             out
             of
             their
             Lands
             ,
             and
             placed
             his
             
               Norman
            
             Souldiers
             therein
             ,
             and
             made
             those
             that
             had
             the
             greatest
             portion
             ,
             Lords
             ,
             and
             Barons
             ,
             and
             gave
             them
             a
             Royalty
             to
             the
             Commons
             ,
             to
             hold
             from
             his
             Will
             ,
             as
             a
             custome
             ,
             whereby
             the
             common
             people
             should
             not
             plant
             themselves
             anywhere
             in
             the
             Land
             ,
             upon
             any
             Common-land
             ,
             but
             some
             Lord
             of
             Manor
             or
             other
             should
             know
             of
             it
             ,
             and
             hinder
             them
             ,
             as
             these
             three
             that
             have
             arrested
             us
             ,
             
               viz.
               Wonman
               ,
               Verny
               ,
            
             and
             
               Winwood
               ,
            
             Lord
             ,
             Knight
             ,
             and
             Esquire
             ,
             the
             three
             Estates
             of
             the
             
               Norman
            
             Gentry
             ,
             will
             not
             suffer
             us
             to
             dig
             quietly
             upon
             
               Georges
            
             Hill
             ,
             but
             seek
             to
             drive
             us
             off
             ,
             having
             no
             more
             claim
             thereunto
             but
             an
             ancient
             Custom
             ,
             which
             they
             hold
             from
             the
             Kings
             Will
             ,
             where
             by
             they
             have
             ,
             and
             stil
             would
             tyrannize
             over
             the
             people
             :
             And
             this
             is
             the
             rise
             and
             standing
             of
             Lords
             of
             Manors
             .
          
           
           
             Secondly
             ,
             another
             
               Norman
            
             Law
             is
             this
             ▪
             
               William
            
             the
             Conqueror
             caused
             the
             Laws
             to
             be
             written
             in
             the
             
               Norman
            
             and
             
               French
            
             tongue
             ;
             and
             then
             appointed
             his
             own
             
               Norman
            
             people
             to
             expound
             and
             interpret
             those
             Laws
             ,
             and
             appointed
             the
             
               English
            
             people
             to
             pay
             them
             〈◊〉
             Fee
             for
             their
             paines
             ,
             and
             from
             hence
             came
             in
             the
             trade
             of
             Lawyers
             ;
             he
             commanded
             likewise
             that
             noman
             should
             plead
             his
             owncause
             ,
             but
             those
             Lawyers
             should
             do
             it
             for
             them
             .
          
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             
               William
            
             the
             Conqueror
             broke
             that
             good
             and
             quiet
             course
             of
             ending
             contro● versies
             in
             a
             neighbourhood
             ,
             and
             commanded
             the
             people
             to
             come
             up
             to
             
               Westminster
               ster
            
             to
             the
             four
             Terms
             every
             year
             to
             have
             their
             Causes
             tried
             .
          
           
             Fourthly
             ,
             
               William
            
             the
             Conquer
             or
             brought
             in
             the
             paying
             of
             Tithes
             to
             the
             Clergy
             ,
             in
             thankfulness
             to
             the
             Pope
             ,
             and
             Clergies
             good
             services
             in
             preaching
             for
             him
             ,
             and
             so
             to
             perswade
             the
             people
             to
             embrace
             him
             .
          
           
             These
             are
             some
             of
             the
             
               Norman
            
             Laws
             and
             Burthens
             ,
             which
             if
             removed
             ,
             it
             would
             be
             much
             ease
             and
             quiet
             to
             this
             Nation
             .
          
           
             FINIS
             .