Jus regum. Or, a vindication of the regall povver: against all spirituall authority exercised under any form of ecclesiasticall government. In a brief discourse occasioned by the observation of some passages in the Archbishop of Canterburies last speech. Published by authority. Parker, Henry, 1604-1652. This text is an enriched version of the TCP digital transcription A91248 of text R200064 in the English Short Title Catalog (Thomason E284_24). Textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. The text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with MorphAdorner. The annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). Textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. This text has not been fully proofread Approx. 94 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 21 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. EarlyPrint Project Evanston,IL, Notre Dame, IN, St. Louis, MO 2017 A91248 Wing P404 Thomason E284_24 ESTC R200064 99860868 99860868 158507 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A91248) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 158507) Images scanned from microfilm: (Thomason Tracts ; 47:E284[24]) Jus regum. Or, a vindication of the regall povver: against all spirituall authority exercised under any form of ecclesiasticall government. In a brief discourse occasioned by the observation of some passages in the Archbishop of Canterburies last speech. Published by authority. Parker, Henry, 1604-1652. Hunton, Philip, 1604?-1682, [2], 38 p. Printed for Robert Bostock, dwelling at the signe of the Kings Head in Pauls Church-yard., London: : 1645. Attributed to Henry Parker by Wing. Sometimes attributed to Philip Hunton. Annotation on Thomason copy: "by H. Par:"; "May 21". Reproduction of the original in the British Library. eng Laud, William, 1573-1645 -- Early works to 1800. Church and state -- England -- Early works to 1800. Great Britain -- History -- Civil War, 1642-1649 -- Early works to 1800. Great Britain -- Politics and government -- 1642-1649 -- Early works to 1800. A91248 R200064 (Thomason E284_24). civilwar no Jus regum. Or, a vindication of the regall povver:: against all spirituall authority exercised under any form of ecclesiasticall government Parker, Henry 1645 16781 5 0 0 0 0 0 3 B The rate of 3 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the B category of texts with fewer than 10 defects per 10,000 words. 2007-05 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2007-05 Aptara Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2007-09 Elspeth Healey Sampled and proofread 2007-09 Elspeth Healey Text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion Jus Regum . OR , A VINDICATION OF THE REGALL POVVER : AGAINST All Spirituall Authority exercised under any Form of Ecclesiasticall Government . In a brief Discourse occasioned by the Observation of some passages in the Archbishop of Canterburies last Speech . Published by Authority . Omnia subjicere si vis subjice te rationi . LONDON : Printed for Robert Bostock , dwelling at the Signe of the Kings Head in Pauls Church-yard . 1645. Jus Regum . OR , A VINDICATION OF THE REGALL POWERS , &c. IT is not safe to judge another , yet if the tree may be known by the fruit , and the secret and hidden disposition of the heart , by words which proceed out of a mans mouth ; then my Lord of Canterbury his actions being considered , and his last Speech examined , he may be judged otherwayes , then according to that verdict which he hath pronounced of himself in that his last Speech : but to passe by his actions , but as they shall onely occasionally interveen , we will examine his Speech , without wresting it to a worse sence then of necessity it must bear ; and as all is not gold that glisters , so upon review and examination , it will not be found to be so charitable , as by some positive affirmations it pretends to be , and all along the Reasons inforcing will be found contradicting those affirmative conclusions exprest therein , whether they intend himself or others ; for of himself , a great deal of humility and charity is affirmed , when much presumption and want of charitie may be collected . For presumption , his speech is full of it , and chiefly in his comparisons and instances : for first he compares his Innocencie with reference to his sufferings , to Christs , in these words , that Jesus despised the shame for him , God forbid but he should despise the shame for Jesus . In which words , is implyed , that as Christs sufferings in regard of himself were undeserved , so were his sufferings without any just cause on his part , but that his ignominy and shame was no lesse for Christs sake , and for his fidelity to Christ , then Christs sufferings were for his love to mankind ; and from thence concludes , that his hope was , that God was bringing him to the land of Promise , in regard he was to passe through the Red sea , alluding to his suffering by the effusion of his blood : but he could not be ignorant that it was causa non paena that makes the Martyr ; and therefore his argument will onely hold if his cause were just , and that he suffered undeservedly : but if otherwayes , his passage through the Red sea , or his forced passage out of this world by a violent death , will prove but a weak argument , that God was therefore bringing him to a land of Promise , for then no death , so desirable as a violent death , if it were a concluding argument that therefore , he who is forced to suffer , is entring into a land of Promise . Neither doth his next instance conclude better , that because the Passeover was to be eaten with sowre herbes , that therefore his present sufferings ( which he confesseth that in regard of his weaknesse and infirmity of flesh and blood , were unpleasing and unwelcome unto him ) should by their resemblance into sowre herbs , prove , his forced submission unto death to be either a Passeover or a willing submission to the will of God : for whosoever submits onely to the will of God when he cannot otherwayes choose , submits not to the will of God , but is compelled by necessitie . And by the words following , it appears plainly , that whatsoever he affirmed to the contrary , yet was he angry with the hands that gathered those herbs , or brought him to that place to suffer . And out of all question had it been as much in his power to have prevented their purposes , by executing of vengeance , as it had been formerly to inflict punishment on those who did professe any dislike against his and other the Prelates unwarrantable usurpations , nothing on his part should have been referred to the justice of God , but if he himself could not call down fire from heaven to consume them , he would have raised a persecution upon earth to scourge them . But the date of his power was now expired , yet did his indignation remain which he did not conceal , but when he could do no more he did think it fit to put the good people in mind , that when the servants of God , old Israel , were in this boysterous Sea and Aaron with them , the Egyptians which persecuted them , and did in a manner drive them into that Sea , were drowned in the same waters , while they were in pursuit of them ; and he knows , his God whom be served , is as able to deliver him from this sea of blood , as he was to deliver the 3 Children from the furnace , Dan. 3. In which words are implyed two things ; the first is hope of vengeance from God on those that did prosecute him . The second is hope of a temporall deliverance to himself . The first argueth want of charitie ; the second implyeth want of true faith , or which is equivalent an erroneous faith . And what is implyed here is evidenced in the words following , by which he most humbly thanks his Saviour , that his resolution was now as theirs was then ; their resolution was , that they would not worship the Image which the King had set up , nor shall be the imaginations which the people are setting up , nor will forsake the Temple and truth of God , to follow the bleating of Jeroboams Calves in Dan and in Bethel . Where nothing is or can be clearer , then the manifest difference and dissimilitude between the different conditions of the severall parties proposed , and from the result , the grounds of his faith will appear . For the 3. Children , to whom he doth resemble himself , were meerly passive , preferring a passive sufferance before any actuall obedience , to unlawfull and prohibited Idolatry : Whereas on the contrary , he was brought to that place of execution , for his active introducing of reall changes in the worship of God , expresly against the Word of God , and the Laws of the Land . For by the Word of God , we are taught that we must not make to our selves any graven Image , nor the likenesse of any thing that is in heaven above , nor in the earth beneath , nor in the waters under the earth , to bow down to them , and worship them : and we are moreover taught by the same Word , that the Judiciall and Ceremoniall Law being fulfilled by the death of Christ , all externall worshipping of God , arising from any Commandment either of God or man , is in it self inacceptable before God , and therefore superfluous and needlesse : If not first springing from a true and lively faith , begetting true holinesse and inward sanctification , and by consequence onely , externall reverence and worship , and therefore the chief duty of the Ministers of the Gospel , is by information and instruction to beget in the people true knowledge as a foundation of sound belief , from whence onely springeth true faith ; and then to incite them to externall duties , as evidences of their faith , but have no commission from the Word of God to injoyn or command any externall duties , but to exhort onely to the performance of those which were commanded and ordained by God himself : neither had they ever any spirituall authority committed unto them for the inforcing of obedience unto any thing that should be ordained by themselves : For the Apostles never had , nor never exercised any such authority . In brief , the summe of all is briefly thus , that as under the Law , all bowing down to any graven Image , and the worshipping of God in the likenesse of any thing in heaven or in earth was Idolatry : So under the Gospel , which was the end and consummation of the Law , all externall worship of God that doth not spring from faith , as from the root , is to be accounted Idolatry , as being a counterfeit worship set up by the imagination of men , not according to the will of God . And my Lord of Cant. doth here in some sort acknowledge this for a truth , but removes the guilt from himself to lay it upon the people ; for here he doth account the worshipping of God according to the imaginations of the people to be Idolatry ; but doth not consider that what he esteemed Idolatry in them , might be in himself . If he could produce no better warrant then his own imaginations , for with God there is no respect of persons ; but then the question will be , whether he was brought to that place to suffer , for refusing to submit to that idolatry , which here he affirmeth was setting up by the people , or for imposing upon them a will worship according to his own imaginations onely ? And if he himself had given the answer , he could not say that the people did impose any thing upon him in the worship of God , but it was apparent and undeniable that he did upon the people : for doing whereof he neglected his Ministeriall Office consisting chiefly in Information , Instruction , and Exhortation ; thereby to convince the conscience , which is uncapable of constraint from the authority of man , and usurped an authority which is onely peculiar to God , and cannot be communicated to man : for which the people notwithstanding were not his Judges , but the Law of the Land , against which he did no lesse transgresse , for imposing upon the people any thing by a lawlesse authority not warranted by the Laws , then he did offend against the Word of God by usurping a spirituall authority not warranted in the Word . For the Law of the Land restraineth the making of all Laws and constitutions , and the imposing of any new thing upon the Subjects of this Kingdome , to the Authority of Parliaments ; And albeit the Clergy might assemble in Convocation , yet were all their Acts and Constitutions of no force nor validity , untill confirmed and ratified by Parliament : whereas my Lord of Canterbury did not onely innovate many things in the worship of God , but did introduce and impose many new things in the Church by his own authority , and in the State by his credit with the King by the Regall Power , directly against the Laws of the Kingdom , for which he was at that time brought upon the Scaffold to suffer , not because he did preferre a passive sufferance before an actuall obedience to unlawfull and prohibited Idolatry as did the 3. Children ; but because he did exact obedience from others to his lawlesse commands , without any warrant from the Word of God , nor from the Laws of the Land , but by an usurped authority over both : wherefore his case can no wayes be compared to the 3. Childrens , but without any injury done to him , he may justly be taxed with presumption for his paralels or comparisons . And as his presumptions are notorious , so is his want of charitie manifest , notwithstanding his seeming professions to the contrary , as appeareth in his next Section , which he beginneth with a charitable prayer , That God would blesse all this people , and open their eyes , that they may see the right way . The which his charity doth terminate and end in himself , which is not charity , for charity extendeth chiefly to others ; and the inference which he maketh , doth discover the summe of his desires for a blessing upon this people , for the opening of their eyes to be chiefly meant , that they might see and acknowledge his Innocencie which he doth here present to their consideration , not obscurely implyed , but positively affirmed against all accusation whatsoever by the attestation of his own conscience : Having upon this occasion ransacked every corner of his heart , where he hath not found any of his sins that are there , deserving death by the known Laws of the Land . Certainly he was not , nor could he be so ignorant , as here he pretends to be innocent ; for he could not choose but know that it was death by the known Laws of this Kingdom , for any Subject to innovate against the established Government . But supposing there had been no positive Law against it , yet was it to have been esteemed an unpardonable crime deserving the most rigorous of deaths for any Subject to attempt it ; no lesse then it had been in an Athenian to murther his own father , when the Laws were silent for the punishment , as presupposing no such crime would be committed : nor could his conscience be so seared as not to dictate unto him , that he was the adviser to the King , needlesly to assume an arbitrary power , for the introducing of many things , whereof he himself was the chief Author , against the known Laws of the Land . And if nothing else had been proved , yet one thing was so manifest , that it needed no proof at all , the assuming of a Legislative power , by making of Laws and Constitutions in a Provinciall Assembly , binding to the whole Subjects , and Clergy in generall , to be inforced by Spirituall Authority or Ecclesiasticall censures ; and imposing a generall tax upon the Clergy without any confirmation but of the Kings Letters Patents , which was a manifest usurpation over the consciences of men , and a breach against the fundamentall Laws of the Kingdome , the King himself having no such power nor prerogative , and former Kings having never assumed it ; besides the cheat which he did put upon the King in perswading his Majestie to establish that by his Prerogative , which was not onely derogatory , but destructive to his Prerogative , as shall be opened more pertinently hereafter ; and yet he would here perswade the people he dieth innocently , not deserving death . For which his undeserved sentence , notwithstanding he is so charitable , as to charge nothing , not in the least degree upon his Judges , for they are to proceed by proof , by valuable witnesses , and in that way he or any Innocent in the world may justly be condemned . If he had ended here , it had been against charity not to beleeve him ; but as fire cannot long be concealed , after it hath taken hold any combustible matter , but will break forth and appear : So the fire of his indignation against his Judges , being kindled in his breast , must needs break forth in despite of dissimulation , and his next words demonstrate clearly what opinion he had of his Judges , whom he compareth to the Danes when Heathens , to the fury of Wat Tyler , and his fellows , to the malice of a lewd woman , to a persecuting Sword , and lastly to Herod , and to the persecuting Jews , and maketh the charge against himself to look like that against St. Paul , in the 25. of the Acts , and against St. Stephen in the 6. of the Acts . To whose cases his had no more resemblance then it had to the 3. Childrens ; for St. Paul and St. Stephen , were persecuted for opening the kingdome of heaven , by shewing a clear way to enter therein , by a true and lively faith , grounded upon the death and mediation of Jesus Christ onely , without any reference to our selves , and our own merits . But he on the contrary did what in him lay to shut the kingdome of heaven to such as was desirous to enter , directing them into false wayes , such as could never bring a man thither . For if the old Israelites , by following after the Lavv of righteousnesse attained not into the Law of righteousnesse , because they sought it not by faith , but as it were by the works of the Law , Rom. 9. 31 , 32. and therefore were excluded from the promises ; what must become of them , who going about to establish not the righteousnesse of the Law , which once was the ordinance of God , but a righteousnesse of their own prescription , consisting for the most part in externall rites and ceremonies , commanding the observation of them as the principall part of Gods worship and of mans duty ; when in the mean time they neglect the ordinance of God which is their Ministeriall office , consisting chiefly in reforming of the will , and informing the understanding , by the operation of the Word preached , which may be performed by Information and Instruction ; but can never by any authority or command , for there is a vast difference between him , who endeavoureth the production of desired effects by the operation of necessarie and appointed means , and him who commands onely the performance of the like effects , without the application of such means as are necessary : for the one requireth an omnipotent power ; the other may be performed by a creature of a finite capacity . What affinity or resemblance then can my Lord of Canterburies case have with St. Pauls or St. Stephens , who suffered under the rage of the people for offering their pains , to shew them onely , a clear and infallible way for purchasing the kingdom of heaven , which was left to their own choice to beleeve or not beleeve ? But my Lord of Cant. neglecting the wayes of St. Paul and St. Stephen , ( consisting onely in demonstration and in the efficacy of perswasion for the obtaining of their purposes and ends ) was legally processed and condemned , for making use of externall force , and compulsion for the obtaining of his , which St. Paul nor St. Stephen never did : and moreover , he having screwed himself into the favour of the King , did make the Regall Power instrumentall to his ends , and ( which among other things is inexcusable ) did endeavour to lay the odium and obloquy of all upon the King when it could not otherwayes be defended ; as if that had been sufficient , that he was onely instrumentall to the Kings commands , when it was too well known that he was the director of those commands . And as his case differed from theirs in the means , so must it differ likewise in the ends , for the end of all their labour and pains , was to bring men in subjection to the will of God , by declaring unto them the power of God and of the Deity , and manifesting the inexpressible love of God to mankind , in sending his onely begotten Son into the world to take upon him our humane nature , and expounding unto them the vertue and efficacy of Christs death and resurrection ; but the end of his labour and pains , was to bring men in subjection to his own will , by making them sensible how dangerous it was to offend him . For he took more pains to inflict punishment on such as offended him , then to instruct such as were ignorant . But odious is his next comparison , comparing himself with Christ , and his accusers to the Pharises , who having accused Christ for fear , that if they did let him alone , all men would beleeve on him , and the Romans would come and take away both their place and Nation . Concluding from thence , with a prayer to God , that God would not reward this people as then he did the Jews for their causlesse fears and unjust sentence ; but the cases being so different , and the comparisons so odious , it were a superfluous labour to go about to inform any mans understanding in the discovery . Nor needs any time be spent in detecting his vain presumption , and arrogant boasting in applying that deserved triumph of Saint Paul to himselfe , as if he could no lesse truely , then Saint Paul did , say , by honour and dishonour , by good report , and evill report , as a deceiver and yet true , he was now passing out of this world , for it is manifest that he coveted and courted that honour , which Saint Paul accompted but losse and dung , and did runne a cleer contrary course to Saint Paul , for Saint Paul accompted it no shame , To the weake to become as weak , that he might gaine the weake ▪ nor to be made all things to all men , that he might by all meanes save some , but hee accompted it not onely a shame but an indignity , to condiscend one jot to the weaknesse of any man , and rather then hee should bee crossed in his purpose and will , those gifts and abilities , which God had bestowed upon him , for other purposes and ends , and that credit and esteeme which he had purchased with his Majesty , by those gifts and abilities , and in reverence of the holinesse of his calling , should bee all imployed to ingage King and Kingdome in a War , as was evident by the Warre with Scotland , especially after the first pacification at the camp neer Barwicke . But having taken all this paines in a generall justification of himself to the people , who were his Auditors at length he thinkes of it not amisse to speak of some particulars , and first is he bold to speake of the King , who he saith hath bin much traduced by some for labouring to bring in Popery , which he might truely affirme , If any such affirmation had been made of His Majesty but the truth hereof is prevaricated as other truths are by him , and made useof , for his own justification rather then for the Kings , the King being rather aspersed then justified by such manner of justification , for no man did ever affirme that the King was a Papist as is here implyed , nor that His Majestie did labour to bring in Popery as is here affirmed , but that he was overreached by the subtilty and fraud of some , and he himselfe esteemed the principall deceiver and undermyner of the King , and it alwayes hath been one of his chiefest subtilties , so to confound the Kings actions and his owne , that they could not easily be distinguished , that by so doing he might never be reached but by wounding the King first , building thereby great hopes , if not assured confidence to escape himselfe , and here labouring to justifie himselfe to the People , from having ever had any intention to introduce Popery , he purposly makes mention of the King , for whose purposes & intentions he might safely take any deep Protestation , as if that conduced much to clear himself in the opinion of his Auditors ( which was the chiefe thing he now aimed at ) of all practices tending to that end , as a thing impossible for him to bring about , without the concurrent consent of the King , which was but a fancy but no solid argument necessarily concluding what he would have beleeved , for the worke might be advancing , without any discovery in the King , that it was necessarily tending to such an end , untill such time that it should be too late , if not impossible to retire , as a Deere may be driving into a toyle , not suspecting any danger , but having leisure at some times to feed by the way , untill such time as seeing and apprehending his owne danger , by being unawares reduced to such a straight as doth leave him no variety of choice , but to place his onely safety and meanes of escape in leapping into that snare which had been prepared for him , and to which much paines had been taken to drive him ; for it is not to be imagined , that either his Majestie or any other Christian King , should submit themselves to the bondage of Popery if they rightly understood what they did , for ( to passe by the danger which it bringeth to their soules , by leading them into by-pathes of errour which can never bring them to heaven , ) it subjects all temporall authority into a vassalage and subordination to its spirituall , and that not so much by any accident or contingency arising from the different dispositions of the severall persons who sit upon the severall thrones spirituall and temporall ( which may be turbulency and ambition in the one , and infirmity and weaknes in the other ) as by the very principles and Fundamentall constitution of Popery , by reason of the acknowledgement of , and submission into a spirituall authority , being once rooted and firmely fixed in the beliefe or imagination by all who embrace it , and the naturall effects which doe necessarily spring from thence ; For when the world was blinded by ignorance as by darknesse , at what time the Popes did sit as God in the Temple of God and by their spirituall authority in excommunicating and absolving whom they pleased , and for what they pleased , did uncontrollably oppose and exalt themselves above all that is called God , that is above all Magistracy and power in earth : What lamentable and sad effects , did Christendome groane under and feel from such transcendent and omnipotent a Power , so long as from a generall beliefe , it was universally submitted unto ? But when mens eyes began once to be opened , and by the cleer light of the truth revealed in Scripture , some men did cleerly see and perceive that no such power was ever , nor could be given into any one man upon earth , yet the apprehension of such a power and authority , that it was given unto some , being sunke deeply into all mens understandings , great difference did arise where the same should reside , and all men acknowledging it to appertain to the Clergy onely , did place it amongst them as it were by a generall consent , in some one of those formes which are knowen to be best capable to preserve authority , all or the most part of all concluding that it must be preserved in one of them , each imbracing and submiting into that forme , which was preferred and made choice of by those who bare the greatest sway , or had the greatest esteem and reputation with them , but none of them foreseeing into all effects and events which might follow , hath bin the chief cause why so much discord & contention hath risen and continued , which will never be wanting so long as the cause remains , that is , until it be clearly understood what the pow-of the Church , and of Churchmen is , whether any such thing as spirituall authority doth appertain to them , & by what right , and to what end , whether or no , it be conducing to Religion , or be compatible with the end of government , for albeit there be no such thing as spirituall authority acknowledged , yet all power is not thereby taken away from the Church , but the consequence will only be , that the power of the Church , & of Church-men , is no more then opperative , and declarative , not at all authoritative , and having no authority , they can have no legislative power of making Lawes and constitutions , ( call them by what name soever they will ) binding to the conscience , having no penalties to inforce obedience ; and why should any such thing as spirituall authority be admitted to be when it cannot be evidenced what execution doth follow , for authority without execution ceaseth to be authority by losing its vertue , for if authority say to one go , he must go , or to another come , he must come , and likewise to a third , doe this , he must do it , but no Clergy man nor Minister of the Gospel can say , enter thou into heaven , and goe thou into hell , all hee can say is , thus beleeve and do , and thou shall be saved , but if otherwise you will be damned , but both the doing and beleeving dependeth upon the hearers owne choice , nothing is determined by the appointment of the Minister , all that rests in the power of the Minister is to declare to others , the effectuall meanes of their salvation , from the revealed will of God , to which whosoever submits by a voluntary profession testifying his beliefe , and receiving of baptisme which is the seale of his beliefe , but brings not forth fruit according to his Profession , and walkes not according to the rules set down in Scripture , and will not be convinced nor reclaimed by no admonition nor reproofe , then may the Minister safely and boldly pronounce that he is still in the state and condition of an Infidell and unbeleever , no more capable of any thing that may accrue unto him by the death and mediation of Christ then a heathen or pagane , and therefore may debar him from admission into the holy Communion , which is , or ought to be , the Communion of Saints or true beleevers , and is Gods Sacrament to us , that is to say his Covenant and seal unto us , of the fruits and benefits , that we hope for hereafter , by vertue of Christs death and resurrection , but the party offending is not presently cast into hell by that sentence , and though hell fire may follow upon it hereafter , yet is it not the Ministers sentence , nor the debarring him from the Sacrament , that doth send him thither , but his want of faith , which is made evident and nortorious , by no single act of any declared sinne , but by an obstinate perserverance in any one sin or more that hath been judged already by the unappealable judgement of God , to be an evidence of want of faith in him who commits it , and doth take pleasure and delight into it , which is made manifest and apparent to men by a perseverance in it onely ; and therefore it is the sentence of God , and not of the Minister , the Minister being onely Gods Herauld or messenger to declare to others the revealed will of God , and for doing thereof he hath an expresse warrant from God recorded in Scripture ; nor must it be any part of the Ministers purpose to send any man to hell ( but purpose and intention of doing execution upon the offender is essentiall to authority and inseparable from it ) but onely to prevent ( what in him lieth ) his going thither : for albeit that the Ministers sentence , being rightly pronounced , be ratified in heaven , ( which is undenyable ) yet may it be recalled again , but never at the Ministers will and pleasure ( which at sometimes is incident to authority ) but by the contrition and repentance of the obstinate party publikely promising , and vowing his amendment , upon which evidence the Minister may pronounce his absolution receiving him again into the bosome of the Church , and admitt him againe into the Communion of Saints , and this sentance is likewise ratifyed in Heaven , If the parties repentance be unfained and sincere , which notwithstanding may be hypocriticall and dissembled in him , albeit he doth refraine and forbeare from the performance of that wherein he gave the offence and scandall , and doth moreover proceede to amendment of his life , not onely in that particular , but doth walke unblameably and without any deserved reproofe from the judgment of men in all other , howsoever upon a visible purpose of amendment , the Minister not onely may , but must receive him againe into the bosome of the Church , and admit him againe into the holy Communion with others , so that nothing is left to the will of the Minister , nor to the finall judgement of the Minister , but all is referred to the will and knowledge of God , and where will and knowledge are excluded , their Authority is wanting , and though much may be effected and brought to passe by them , yet whatsoever is effected deserves not the name as differing from the nature of Authority : and the Ministers of Christ having no Authority in those things wherein they cannot ere so long as they follow the cleare light revealed in Scripture , they can much lesse have any Authority for such things which flow from their owne Invention , nor can they inforce obedience by any spirituall meanes or censures of the Church , unto any thing whereof they themselves are Authors , when no spirituall meanes are compulsive in regard of the Instrument that must apply them , and whatsoever efficacy or vertue they have , yet may they never be applyed for the inforcing of any thing whereof man is Author , for then it would follow that the will of man or something proceeding from the will of man would be a rule to the Justice of God , when one man must be as a Publican , or Heathen and consequently uncapable of the fruits of Christs death , for disobeying onely the will , or something depending upon the will of another , which no man dares to affirme , and having no compulsive meanes to inforce obedience , they can have no legislative power of making of cannons and constitutions binding to the conscience , for a law without a penalty or power sufficient to inforce it , is no law , nor neede they have any such power , for such a power is not conducible at all to that end of Religion which is committed to them , & to their care and paines , but is destructive to the end of government ; for Religion hath a two fold end , the one respecteth God , the other man , the end of religion in respect of God is to glorify God , that man who was therefore created to glorify his Maker should by a true knowledge of the true God glorify him aright , and the end of religion in respect of man , is to bring a man from all confidence in himselfe or the creature , to rely upon the Providence and goodnesse of God who is the Creator , to the end he may renounce his own righteousnesse to be made partaker of the merits and Righteousnesse of the Sonne of God , the Redeemer of Mankinde , that by faith in him he may obtaine grace and some measure of sanctification in this life , for the remission of sinnes , and fruition of Glory hereafter : and for this end of religion no humane lawes do contribute any thing at all , for unto this the Scriptures are sufficient being compleate in themselves , and the chiefe duty of the Ministers of the Gospell is to explaine and expound the true meaning of scripture to others , for doing whereof they should be learned in all necessary learning and skilfull , as also have a lawfull Calling by a lawfull Ordination , and for which it is very fit that they be set apart from all other imployment , and have a sufficient maintenance that they may the better attend that to which they are called ; but for the other end to glorify God , humane lawes doe contribute much , but they are required of Christian Kings and Magistrates , and not of Christian Ministers , for God did from the begining put Authority into the hands of the Magistrate , and endowed them with effectuall meanes for inforcing of obedience to what should be commanded by them , so did he never in the hands of the Priests and Levites under the Law , nor of the Apostles under the Gospell , and by consequence into the hands of no Ministers whatsoever succeeding them , and God doth require of the Magistrate to improve his Authority ( which is the talent that God hath given him ) for the gaining of others by force and compulsion , ( when no other meanes will prevaile ) to the performance of those dutyes that are required of them , as he requires of all who are called to labour in the Ministeriall function and office , to imploy their gifts and graces ( which are the talents bestowed upon them ) painfully and dilligently for the enlightning of the understanding of others , whereby every exalted thought and imagination may be brought downe , which the Magistrates Power and Authority can never reach , for the Power of the Magistrate reacheth no further then to the outward life & conversation , when the operation of the Ministry subdueth the will , and therefore the principall care of the Magistrate is and ought to be to enforce men to live uprightly and justly as they ought to doe , for by so doing men glorify God , but this is not all , the glory that is to be performed by man to God , for besides there must be a ready submission to the Will of God , springing from a perfect love to God , and grounded upon an assured confidence of Gods love to us , which may be begotten and kindled in a man , but can never be inforced , and to this duty tendeth the Ministers paines and labour , but it is and ought to be the Christian Magistrates care to provide for all that can onely be introduced by force and compulsion in the Service of God , wherefore the severall ends of Magistracy and of the Ministry are different but not contrary , but the severall meanes by which they attaine their ends are not onely different but contrary , and those meanes which are effectuall to the one , are not only ineffectuall but uselesse to the other , for the Magistrate can never attaine that end to which his Authority conduceth by no perswation nor information onely , nor can the Minister subdue the will nor informe the understanding by any Authority from or in himselfe , and both of them have their Commission immediately from God , and each of them are subject to the other without any subordination of offices from the one to the other , for the Magistrate is no lesse subject to the operation of the word from the mouth of the Minister then any other man whatsoever , and the Minister againe is as much subject to the Authority of the Magistrate as any other Subject whatsoever , and therefore though there be no subordination of offices , yet is there of Persons , the Person of the Minister remaining a Subject , but not the function of the Ministry , but there needes not two Tribunalls nor Independent Courts be erected to provide for their severall ends and dutyes required of them , for the Minister can never attaine the end of his labours , by no Judiciall processe nor legall proceedings whatsoever , and therefore all Judiciall courts are needelesse and uselesse to his ends , yet are they not so to himselfe having other ends then what are required of him for the discharge of his duty and function , but it is essentiall to the Magistrate to have a tribunall and judiciall Courts , for the attaining of his ends and duties required of him , without which he can never discharge his dutie as he ought , but whensoever the like Tribunall is erected in the Church as is necessary in the State , they must be Independent one of another in regard the severall offices governing Church and State are so , but all that is to be got by Independant Tribunalls , is either dissention and discord , which is the usuall fruite that devision of Authority beareth , or by compliance to provide for one anothers Interests , or particular ends differing from their publick dutyes , with the manifest losse of true religion on both sides , which many times drawes downe the Judgment of God upon one or both , as being a third person no lesse interressed in Justice and Honour then either , and many times the Justice of God is most greeveous when least apprehended , as suffering men to wallow in their sins to dye in security , nor is it a small Judgment to leave men to the necessary effects , which division of Authority produceth : for the end of all government is the preservation of humane society , the meanes of doing whereof is by union and unity , and Authority is the effectuall meanes of producing and propagating unity ? and therefore whensoever Authority is divided , Vnitie may alwaies , and sometimes must admit of division which destroyes it , for unity and division are destructive one of another , and when two Tribunalls are erected for the determining of severall and different causes and crimes , both armed with a forcible Authority , weilding swords of a different nature , agreable to their different constitutions , and without any dependency and subordination the one to the other , what lasting concord and agreement can there be beweene these two , they that mannage them must be juster then men are knowne to be , or advantages will be taken when given by the one , ( as no sublunary substances which are subject to change can remaine long in an equall ballance ) for subjecting the other ; and therefore it was , when the Christian world did by a generall consent beleeve that the Church having a sword though invisible , for the cutting off of all schismaticall and refractory Members , no lesse really and truly then the State hath a visible materiall sword , which for the preservation of union and unity , was esteemed necessary to be put into the hands of one , and therefore willingly submitted their necks , under the Imaginary stroake thereof , from the sentence of Popes , or Bishops of Rome ; How easie was it for them by reason therof to subject all Christian Princes and Magistrates unto a dependency and subordination unto them and their Authority , and how did they trouble the Christian world , by transferring of rights and stirring up of rebellion whensoever any of those Princes did oppose them , or contradict their wills by a supposed Intrenching upon their pretended Prerogatives though usurped ▪ but when the Popes right began to be questioned by some , whereby his reputation did decline , even amongst those who adhearing still to the doctrine of the Church of Rome as to that in which they had beene educated and bred , yet did not beleeve his censures to be so dreadfull as before they apprehended them to be ; but the edge of his sword being thereby blunted , and the edge of the temporall sword being not onely visible but sharpe , the advantage returned to Princes , whereby those Princes who continued in union with the Church of Rome , professing subjection and obedience to the spirituall Authority thereof , doe notwithstanding now reduce that power and Authority to which they professe subjection , unto a subordination of them and their Authority to be directed by them , which will be of no longer permanency , then that Church can insnare the world againe to an apprehension and beleife of the reality of their power , to beget which they continually indeavour and aspire , and have no small hopes from the differences and divisions amongst Protestants , for the increasing and fomenting whereof it is not to be imagined that they are idle ; but whatsoever their hopes and practises are , their greatest strength remaineth in this , that it is generally beleeved that the Church hath a spirituall Authority for the cutting off of all schismaticall Members , and that this Authority is to be preserved in some one forme or other without any derivation thereof from any humane power , for then it cleerely and undoubtedly followeth , that whosoever by such principles of reason taken from the end of government doth incline to Monarchy , and that this spirituall Authority can best be preserved by the Supremacy of one man , then the Bishops of Rome , having had for a long time , and for a long succession , and still having the possession , besides other advantages of greatnesse and power which begetteth strength and reputation , must and will be acknowledged by all those to be the onely spirituall Monarch in the Church armed with spirituall Authority ; and whosoever out of prejudice against the Church of Rome , taken against her by reason of either her errours or abuses , or both , doth seperate themselves from the Communion of that Church , and by consequence onely free themselves from her subjection , but doe notwithstand adheare to and retaine the grounds of those errours and abuses , by acknowledging and beleeving that the same spirituall Authority ( which was presupposed to have beene abused by the Popes and Bishops of Rome as Vsurpers onely over the rest of the Clergy , or too great a power and consequently dangerous in the hands of any one man ) is not onely lawfull but necessary as being Inherent in the function , and essentiall for the preservation of union and unity , to be preserved in some other forme which they agree upon and like better then the incontrollable Supremacie of one man , then this doth necessarily follow , that albeit they free themselves from all the errours and abuses which were introduced by the Supreamicie of one man , yet so long as they acknowledge that the same power and Authority is resident in others , they can never free themselves of all errours and abuses which are introducible by Authority , but that the property and condition of things in themselves indifferent will be changed from being indifferent and converted into the nature and necessity of absolute duties , which ever begets bondage and subjection , and sense of bondage doth ever beget desire of liberty , which can never be obtained so long as the opinion of a necessity of Authority in some forme or other is retained ; and experience hath now taught us , what could not be foreseene by reason alone , without some additionall helpe from divine illumination , that in the Church of England which did not onely shake off the Supreamicie of the Pope , but had purged her selfe of all those errours which had either crept in , or were introduced by the power of that Supreamicie , by retaining of Bishops , and giving them a part onely of that spirituall Authority , which formerly was acknowledged to Popes , and though quallifying that part by restraining it from all legislative power , or a power to inact any thing , but allowing it a Power of Iudicature , the effectuall operation and proper working of that part of spirituall Authority , hath now fully manifested it selfe to tend to propogate superstition and errour ▪ rather then the sincerity and truth of Religion ; and as the naturall motions of different bodies , differing in quality and substance tend to different centers , the naturall motion of Episcopacy , hath now discovered it selfe to indeavour continually to unite it selfe to such a head to which it is capable to aspire , rather then to be in subjection under such a head to which it hath no capacity to aspyre , and that received principle of State , that Episcopacy , is a support to Monarchy , is now likewise discovered to be fraudulent and deceitefull , for it is true that it is a support to a spirituall Monarchy or Monarchy in the Church , as being the basis and foundation thereof , but doth undermine and destroy Monarchy in the State , especially in that State which doth trust unto it as to a supporter , and the reason is cleere , for all supporters which have no solid foundation , doe ruinate those buildings , which are erected upon them being of greater weight and substance then the foundation can beare , and the foundation of Episcopacy being layed in the engrossing of spirituall Authority or Ecclesiasticall censures ; Spirituall Authority it selfe hath no other existence nor being , but what it hath in the Imagination and beleefe , which is too slippery a ground to support a solid substance , such as temporall Monarchy is , but may be sufficient to support an aery and imaginary bulk , such as spirituall Monarchy is , which Episcopacy not only supports , but continually tends towards as to its proper center , and my Lord of Cant. when he obtained the Kings good will to confirme by his Letters Patents , the late Canons , did put a direct cheate upon his Majesty , for thereby the Kings Supreamicy in causes Ecclesiasticall was cut off , and from thence forth his Supreamicy over Ecclesiasticall persons should have been rather titular then reall , If the consent of Parliament could as easily have been obtained as his Majesties own : But to conclud this part of my Lord of Cant. Speech he might safely protest upon his conscience , that his Majesty was a sound Protestant , according to the Religion by law established , yet did it not thereupon follow , that he himself was guiltles from the sentence of the law , because his actions being all warranted by his Majesties consent , they could not be divided from the Kings ; which is the cheife thing implied by this particular . His second particular is concerning th●… great and populous City , to which he is very kind and prayeth God to blesse it , but all his prayers for those who he conceiveth had done him injury have a sting in them , and this prayer ends reproaching those he prayes for , as if some had subordned witnesses against his life by gathering of hands , which he affirmeth to be a way that might endanger many an innocent man , and may plucks innocent blood upon their own heads , and perhaps upon this City also , which before he prayed God to blesse , and now again to forbid this Judgement , but his prayers are mixed with threates and all tending to justify himself to his Auditours , whereof he is never unmindefull upon all occasions , and having here occasion to mention the Parliament , he bestowes glorious and honourable Titles and epithrates upon it , as if that were sufficient to testify his respects thereof , but he doth contradict his owne testimony by his Inferences and Applications , for by Inference he applyeth the gathering of hands , ( which he affirmeth to have been practised against himself , ) to the stirring up of the people against Saint Stephen , and to Herods lying in waite for Saint Peters death , by observing how the people tooke the death of Saint James . By which Instance he must meane that great , honourable , and wise Court of the Kingdome , the Parliament , ( those be the titles he bestowes upon them ) for it was they that gave sentence against him , as Herod did against Saint James , and would have done agaynst Saint Peter , which no Christian thinkes was either honourably or wisely done of him , and therefore what opininion he had of that great , honourable , and wise Court for sentencing of him may be collected , and that his esteeme of them was not so honourable as his expressions ; but whatsoever his esteeme of them was , they were his Judges so will he never be theirs which he here apprehended , when he did put the City in mind of the Justice of God , and how fearfull a thing it was , to fall into the Hands of the living God , because God remembers and forgets not the complaynts of the poore , a lesson which he never remembred when he himselfe did sit upon the Tribunall , but is of speciall comfort unto him upon the Scaffold , for his blood was innocent blood , and not onely innocent blood in his owne esteeme but he had a speciall Commission from God to tell them so , as Jeremiah had , in the 26. Chap. of Jeremiah , ver. 15. the words were not expressed by him but directions given to the place , the words be these , But know ye for certaine , that if ye put me to death , you shall surely bring innocent blood upon your selves , and upon this City , and upon the Inhabitants thereof : for of a truth the Lord hath sent me to you to speake all these words in your eares . The words are so plaine they need no comment . His third particular is , this poore Church of England , as he calls it , but from thence no observation is to be drawne , for it is an undeniable truth what is there affirmed , onely it would be inquired after , who hath beene the principall and Instrumentall cause of this great change , but he hath made no application and so will I. His last particular is himselfe , and that about his religion , in which he is very breefe , choosing to expresse himselfe by circumstances which admit of a latitude that may deceive the hearer or reader , rather then positively and cleerly whereby he leaves the hearer or reader as little satisfied as if he had said nothing at all , yet doth he confesse his labouring to keep up an Vniformity in the externall worship of God , but makes no mention at all of what meanes he used to doe so , for in the wayes which he tooke and in the meanes which he used consisted his cheefest guilt , but that he passeth over , and so comes at last to speake of his accusation , which was no lesse then an accusation of High treason , and by no meaner persons then by the whole Commons of England assembled in their representative body in Parliament , and there and by them proved agaynst him , yet hath he the confidence to say it was a crime his soule ever abhorred , howsoever he proceeds to the parts of his charge being two , an Indeavour in him to subvert the Law of the Realm , and a like Indeavour to subvert the true Protestant Religion established by those Laws , both which he seemeth to deny , but so mistically as that his meaning is rather to be collected , then that it can be cleerely discerned . For he expresseth himselfe variously , and answereth in another forme of words then which were proposed by him ; for having propounded them , that the charge against him was an Indeavour to subvert the Law of the Realme , and a like Indeavour to overthrow the true Protestant Religion established by those lawes , he answereth having first protested , In the presence of Almighty God , and all his holy and blessed angels , that hee did take it now upon his death , that he never endeavoured the subversion of the Lawes of the Realme , nor never any change of the Protestant Religion , into Popish superstition ; the sense of which words doth imply a great change from what they were , when first propounded , for by his first proposition of them he expresseth himselfe , to have been accused of an endeavour to subvert the Law of the Realm ; by which word Law in the singular number as in the abstract may bee understood the legislative power , or power of law-making , comprehending the frame of this government , and including King and Parliament , which he was charged to overthrow , by an Indeavour to introduce an Arbitrary government , depending upon the will of the King alone , and excluding the Parliament ; and in his answer he makes mention of the subversion of the lawes in the plurall number , where they are confined to different subjects , as to so many individuall substances , by which may be meant the particular acts and laws issued forth and derived from that power , and may comprehend them all , which no man did ever thinke or lay to his charge that he indeavoured the subversion of all the whole lawes , and of every particular , and therefore here doth appeare a fallacy and deceite , which is agreable to his former practises , so likewise in the other branch about Religion he first propounds it , of an Indeavour to overthrow the true Protestant Religion established by those lawes , and answereth , of any change of the Prottestant Religion into Popish superstition which is a manifest difference , whereof hereafter : having occasion to speake first of his esteeme of Parliaments , which he takes occasion to mention here as having bin accused as an enemie to them , the which he denies expressing a Reverend esteeme of them in the generall , as of the greatest Court over which no other Court can have any Jurisdiction in the Kingdome ; but professeth his dislike against some few one or two Parliaments in particular , for some misgovernments in them as he did conceive , but what those misgovernments were hee doth not expresse , onely in stead thereof a generall reason is given , Coruptio optimi est pessima , but from thence he might condemne and destroy all Parliaments and the best of governments , and of every thing as often as he pleaseth , if nothing more be required but that his affirmations must be admitted for proofes , for there is nothing wherein the frailty of man must bee imployed but may admit of errour , and corruption , but it doth not follow , that whatsoever may , doth ; nor doth it anywhere appeare that any of those Parliaments , which hee here condemneth , were guilty at all of any such corruption as he layeth to their charge , but the contrary is manifest , and if for no other thing yet for this his esteem of them , for undoubtedly by him they should have been better esteemed , If really and truely they had been more corrupted ; for Parliaments may be then said to be corrupted , when all or most part of the members do subject their Votes to the determination and judgement of others , preferring the particuler pleasure , interrest or ends , of some whom they respect , before the generall good of all whom they represent ; neither is it any impossible thing so to pack a Parliament as not onely the things to be proposed and debated , but the greater number of the Members Votes shall depend upon the pleasure of others , being agreed and united amongst themselves for a particular and sinister end ; for it is no false report but a well known and undenyable truth , that in the choice of the Members of the lower House of Parliament which doth depend upon a free Election by the Gentry , Communalty , and freeholders in England , the major number within their severall limits and jurisdictions giving it to whom they please , yet the reputation of some in some places especially , hath been such as to prescribe to those who were to choose , who should be chosen by them , whereby many have been returned by the favour and recommendation of others rather then by any merit of their own , and it is probable that a designe of changing Religion and altering the government having been for a long time pursued by a faction of men who had obtained power and favour about the King that they were not negligent , in making use of this advantage for their own ends , & it plainly appears that they were not , because at divers times they had recourse to Parliaments in time of prosecution of the designe , before it was finished , which to some might seeme a likely meanes in all apperance to have overthrowne all such designe for ever , but the successe of those Parliaments and the conclusion which they made , doth cleerely demonstrate what the designers purpose and intention was in calling them : for the end of calling of all Parliaments , is either a purpose and desire of releiving the Kings wants , and to supply his necessities or to redresse the grievances of the subjects , or both : for such hath been the prudence of our ancestors , in setling the frame of this government , not only to deny to their Kings all power of imposing any taxes upon the Subjects with out their own free consents , by their representative body assembled in Parliament , but did as it were binde the hands of their Kings , by their own consents signified by divers Acts of Parliament , from so doing for ever . For which their Kings were recompensed , with a speciall and absolute Prerogative of calling and dissolving of Parliaments , at their will and pleasure onely . The people being thereby assured , that if a desire to right the peoples grievances , and for providing of beneficiall Laws were not sufficient motives and inducements to the King for calling of Parliaments ; yet the confideration of , and respect to his own necessities and wants would move him : and divers Parliaments having been called , during the prosecution of this designe , which have been dissolved again , by the same Prerogative that called them , without any application of redresse either to the grievances of the Subjects , or to the Kings wan●s , doth manifest that ( whatsoever the pretence was ) the chief end and purpose of calling those Parliaments , was never neither for redresse of the Subjects grievauces , nor for relief of the Kings wants ; but chiefly to make triall what strength they could make in the Parliament to finish their designe by Authority of Parliament . For having advanced their designe so farre at Court by their prevalencie with His Majestie , that they had obtained the possession of the greatest places , and places of greatest trust , both about His Majestie and in the Kingdom : they were thereby of that credit and reputation , that none were preferred to places of trust , nor to dignities , nor honors , without their approbation , if not recommendation . Which did so secure them , that they needed not fear the disappointment of their designe by any opposition at Court , and so farre as the Kings power and Prerogative could further it . But the Kings Prerogative being not absolute , the Laws of this Kingdom , and the Constitution of this Government , having neither conferred an absolute power nor Prerogative upon the Kings thereof , they could never finish their designe ( whatsoever it was ) by the Kings Prerogative alone , without an additionall confirmation by the Subjects consents assembled in Parliament whereof they were likewise assured ; if by the reputation and strength of their Faction they could procure such a certain number to be returned Members of the lower House , as they might be confident of , would suffer their Votes to be directed by them , by which means they might hope to carry any thing in that House which should be proposed by His Majestie , or in His Majesties name , of whose deliberations and determinations they were the chief disposers . As for the House of Peers , there was no doubt at that time of a prevalent party to concurre with them , by reason of the Bishops Votes , and Court Lords , and others who were obliged to them by many favours ; they being the chief disposers of all favours , which did either depend upon or proceed from His Majesties gift . For all which causes and considerations there was no danger to call a Parliament , whensoever they pleased : For if the Parliament did not answer their expectation , it was in the same mens power to perswade the King to dissolve it , who had the credit to perswade His Ma. to call it . His Majesty suspecting no ends in them but what was pretended for His Majesties service . But the succes of those Parliaments declared , that the credit of the Faction was not so great in the countrey as at Court ; for which my L. of Cant. doth here tax them with misgovernment , professing his dislike , against them onely , which must be conceived was , because they were not yet moulded nor brought to that frame to condescend to every thing that he and others should project , as was the late Synod . And the great number of Patentees , and Monopolists chosen this Parliament , and others who have deserted the Parliament , and have sitten since in an Anti-parliament at Oxford , doth sufficiently demonstrate upon whom they depended , and for whose Interests their Votes have been devoted from the beginning , whether for the generall benefit of King and Kingdom , or onely to serve the particular ends of such who either in all probability did recommend them , or otherwayes from whom they did expect preferment or some other reward . But from hence may be collected , that the designe for altering Religion , and the frame of the Government being two different things , that they were not alike intended by the Designers , but that the designe for altering of Religion was principally intended by them ; and that the other designe of introducing an Arbitrary government to the King was but the bait to deceive the King , thereby to insinuate the better with him , and to ingage His Majestie to them , and was chiefly made use of , as subservient and conducing to the other designe of Religion that was the onely designe with them : which is made manifest by the progresse of both designes . For as all motions which by their slownesse or distance seem insensible to the beholder , so as at first view it cannot be discerned whither they tend , yet are easily perceived by their progresse : so the dark and disguised ends of this designe , which could not endure the light of open profession , is clearly discernable by the progresse which it hath made . For albeit that an Arbitrary power in the King hath been made use of in many things , to the great prejudice of the Subject , tending to the manifest destruction of the Subjects Liberties , and Priviledges of Parliament ; yet when a true account shall be taken , what great benefit hath returned to the Regall Authority by all that hath been done , the totall sum will be found at the end of the Church-mens bill , but none at all at the Kings ; where on the contrary , manifest detriment and losse will appear , and that the Kings Prerogative hath been stretched upon the tenters beyond its true by as , to set up and settle an absolute or Independent Prerogative in the Church to Church-men , which is inconsistent with the Prerogative of the Crown : for whensoever the Prerogative of Church-men is advanced to such a height , as that it groweth either absolute or Independent , the Prerogative of the Crown is either subjected or undermined , and the King parts with a reall Authority , depending upon his own reason and judgement chiefly , to be directed by the will and judgement of another , unlesse the smart of his Sword doth terrifie more nor the apprehension of theirs , which is all the remedie that will be left him whensoever the chief Governor or Governors of the Church and he do differ . And the remedy which the late Cannons applyed for the securing of all men , against any suspicion of revolt to Popery , hath manifested to all men how far the progresse to Popery was advanced , when it durst appear nothing at all disguised , but under a thin vail of some few deceitfull words , in a Pontificall robe of absolute Authority constituting and ordaining ; and to shew how absolute and Independent the Protestant Church of England was grown , the words ; We straitly command all Parsons , Vicars , and Curates , and we injoyn all Archbishops and Bishops , and We decree and ordain ; are used all along in the severall Articles published , which are all words of absolute Authority and command , and the penalties inforcing obedience to all those absolute commands , are either suspension and deprivation to the Clergy , or the dreadfull censures of Excommunication , and casting into hell to all others . For no lesse punishment doth the sentence of Excommunication imply , because the party excommunicate being cast out of all communion with the Church , is thereby presupposed to be deprived of all the benefits that he may hope for by vertue of Christs death and mediation , so long as he remains in the state of excommunication , which is a great terror to all them that do not rightly understand the nature of Excommunication , and what the authority of Church-men is , which is ever the much greater part of those who are members of any Church , besides the great number of others which be in all Churches that sleight the censure of Excommunication , as being a censure from which they feel no present smart , without which it hath no operation with them , for the inforcing of whom especially , it was by these Cannons injoyned , that every Bishop shall once every yeer send into His Majesties high Court of Chancery a Significavit of all such who have stood excommunicated beyond the time limited by the Law , and shall desire that the Writ De Excommunicato capiendo might be at once sent out against them all , Ex Officio . And for the better execution of their Decrees , They did most humbly beseech his most sacred Majestie , that the Officers of the high Court of Chancery , whom it shall concern , may be commanded to send out the aforesaid Writ from time to time , as is desired , and that the like command also may be laid upon the Sheriffes and their Deputies , for the due and faithfull execution of the said Writs , as often as they shall be brought unto them . Which whensoever they should obtain , would put the Supremacy of all Authority into the hands of some of the Clergy , by necessitating the smarting stroke of the Magistrates Sword to follow of course upon notification of theirs , whereby all Magistracie and Law should be but executioners of their sentence , from which there was no appeal , but by submission deserving absolution , which was ordained by the authority of the foresaid Synod , not to be given , untill the party to be absolved should come as a penitent , humbling himself upon his knees , and first take an Oath , De parendo Juri , & stando mandatis Ecclesiae . And for a perpetuall subjecting of all men into a vassalage and subjection to the Authority of Bishops and others of the Clergy , it was there decreed , That all Clergy men , and all others who should take any degree of learning in any of the Vniversities , and all that should be licensed to practise Physick , all Registers , Actuaryes and Proctors , all Schoolmasters , and all others that should come to be incorporated in any of the Vniversities here , having taken a degree in any forraigne Vniversitie , should take an Oath in a prescribed and set form of words , before they should be admitted to take their degrees , Never to give their consent to alter the government of this Church by Archbishops , Bishops , Deans , and Archdeacons , By which means , an equall allegiance should have been payed to them as to the King and his Successors for ever : And all this was presented to the blinded world , and abused King , as a remedy to secure men against any suspicion of revolt to Popery , which was nothing else but a publick setting up of Popery , though not yet of the Popes supremacy , which was to follow ; and imploying the help and assistance of the Magistrates Sword , and the force and power of the Laws of the Land to that very use and end ; For Popery consisteth neither in this or that superstition nor Idolatry , nor in this or that erroneous Doctrine , nor in all-together , principally and chiefly ; but in the absolutenesse of spirituall authority commanding Implicite obedience , to whatsoever Doctrine or Superstition shall be invented by man , as necessary and essentiall to the true worship of God , under the threatned pain and penalty of Excommunication and Interdiction , and promising the kingdome of heaven to whomsoever it pleaseth , as a gift or reward within the power of man : and the assumption of which so divine and incompetent a power to any man or mankind united together , and the deriving thereof from one solely to others , as inherent in the person or function of one onely , doth necessarily inferre and presuppose the gift of Infallibility in him who doth so assume it , that he may become an unappealable Judge , which doth exalt him , in the sight and esteeme of those men who do beleeve in him , and willingly submit unto him , to the nature and dignity of the incommunicable prerogative of God , and makes him undeniably the revealed Antichrist to others , by usurping and possessing the throne of Christ upon earth , for whom onely , such dominion and authority is reserved in heaven . And the root of Popery or Antichristianity ( for so it may be termed , as tending continually thither by the Doctrine which it teacheth , and the Authority which it usurpeth ) lieth in this very principle , that a power of excommunicating and absolving , or sending into heaven or hell , is assumed by some as depending upon the purpose and will of man , according to the nature of Authority , and consented to and beleeved by others ; and the danger to temporall Authority lieth in the universality and generality of the beleef and assent , and the difference between the incontrolable supremacy of the Pope , and the exalted Prelacy of Bishops pretending to the same Authority is but a difference of degrees , but not of kinds . For , for the setling of this Authority into the supremacy of any one , there is a necessity of ingrossing it into the hands of some few first ; and Popes had never mounted to their omnipotent throne of Supremacy , if a superiority of some of the Clergy invested with spirituall authority over others had not been first assented unto . For the same rule , necessity , and end requireth the supremacy of one Bishop over all other Bishops , that requireth the superiority of any Clergy man into the dignity of a Bishop over many others of the Clergy : and the same danger of spirituall error indangering the soul lyeth upon all that are subject to this spirituall authority , whether it be derived from the supremacy of one , or a superiority onely of others , or from the Democracy of all the Clergy assembled together , or from the Independencie of everyone within their severall Congregations , so long as it is entertained and received in the beleef as a sufficient ground or warrant for obedience to what shall be ordained by it : and the exercising of spirituall authority under a different form of externall government onely , being a difference rather in form then substance , all of them may divide unity in the ends and consequences of government , by dividing of Authority which is the preserver of unity ; but each of them doth admit of degrees of more and lesse , according as the form imbraced is more or lesse absolute . The superiority therefore of Bishops over the rest of the Clergie , which may be as Independent as any other form , but can never be so absolute as the supremacy of the Pope , in regard it can never beget nor inforce so generall a dependencie and subjection of all men unto it , wherin union and strength consisteth , is never so dangerous to that State which entertains it , as when it declares its Independencie , and aspires to be absolute . And albeit that Episcopacy doth continually endeavour and aspire to be united by the Supremacy of one of their own order , because thereby they arise to a further degree of strength and perfection , to which all sublunary creatures have a naturall propension , inclination , and desire ; yet can they not at all times , nor whensoever they please , attaine to their desires . And the Archbishop of Canterbury having discovered and manifested unto the world how independent the authority of Church-men here in England was grown , and how absolute they coveted to be , did give a clear evidence at the same time how farre the progresse to the Popes Supremacy was advanced ; which is made more manifest by the concurrence and joynt endeavours of Papists of all sorts , not onely agreeing with , but labouring in the same designe with some of our Clergy-men and others . For their indefatigable labours and renewed pains , with so much blood and danger to the undertakers ever since the Reformation , have all tended to that end chiefly , as to the onely mark at which they have ever aymed . The threatning Bals , and many dangerous conspiracies and invasions in Queen Elizabeths time , and the most damnable Gunpowder Treason in King James his time , are clear proofs how implacable their malice hath been against all Reformation , that did depose the Pope from his pretended right of Supremacy , and how violently they have been transported to reinthrone him again , which is but the ultimate end of all such dangerous and desperate undertakings , but the immediate is alwayes and ever hath been for some particular ends to the undertakers , springing from their own ambition , and covetous desire of dominion and rule , from which Papists are excluded by the Laws of this Land establishing the Reformation : for the desire of authority , and to have a command over others is a naturall desire to all ambitious men ; and ambition is an inherent quality in all men , flowing from the operation and effectuall working of the spirituall substance of the soul , which coveteth to mount and aspire continually , but is predominant onely in some . And no man ( that may choose ) doth hazard his own life , for restitution of another to his right being lost , but he that hopes to participate and share with him or under him after the recovery , in some proportion and measure , though not in an equal degree . And since the Gunpowder Treason , they having not onely forborn all forcible attempts , against either the life and safety of the King , or the publick peace and tranquillity of the Kingdome , untill the present Rebellion in Ireland did break out , upon which the warre against the Parliament ensued ; but seeming extraordinarily and strangely converted in their dispositions and desires , and of deadly and implacable enemies , appearing the most dutifull Subjects of all others , pretending to be the most zealous instruments for the inlargement and promotion of that power and authority which was bound by speciall interest to suppresse them , is an argument of some well studied and close followed designe , rather then any symptome of change of disposition ; for they can never change their dispositions , so long as they retain their wicked principles and false doctrines , which principally gives life and motion to the wickednesse of their dispositions , and the desire of dominion and rule is impetuous and incessant , to which they can never have a legall right in this Kingdom untill all those Laws be repealed which disable them ; the doing whereof and not the Kings Prerogative is a principall motive with them in all their undertakings and designes , and the great potencie and prevalencie of Papists about His Majestie in all his consultations and actions , do manifest and declare what their purposes and intentions are ; that this Independent authority of Bishops coveting to be so absolute ( which hath been set up of late in the Church of England , and confirmed by the King , and by his Prerogative Royall ) shall acknowledge the Pope for their Head and not the King : for Popes were never so munificent rewarders of any mans deserts or duties , as to part with that which they accounted their right , to give it away to another ; and Papists were never so undutifull sons as to labour for the setting up of an Arbitrary power and unlimited Prerogative to an hereticall King : when his Holinesse hath given sentence that no Heretick is capable of any Authority at all , and that all men are to be accounted for Hereticks who deny the Popes Supremacy ; wherfore in the conclusion , His Majestie must either part with that Supremacy which the Law hath given him , and submit to the Popes , or be deprived of all Authority whatsoever , which is all he must expect from them , or by their aid and assistance . And the great favours which hath been alwayes shewed to Papists since the beginning of His Majesties Reigne , but more especially now , the partiall indulgence towards the bloodiest and cruellest of all Rebellions , and to the most perfideous of all Nations , the Irish , accounting them for good Subjects after so many barbarous massacres and horrid executions of an infinite number of English & Scottish Protestants , rather then the King shall agree with his Parliament in England , for the saving of the lives of his Protestant Subjects here , and choosing to continue the warre in England at the expence of his English Subjects lives ; by whom his Majestie hath ever , and must still , if ever , subsist in power , dignity , and honour ; and to the great perill and manifest hazard of His Majesties own life , rather then break off that Cessation , which His Majestie had not power to make with the Irish , from whom His Majestie never received better fruits then at a great expence of treasure , and of his other Subjects lives , to reduce and keep them to a forced duty and allegiance ; and the over-ruling of His Majesties reason and judgement to approve and consent to the Popes Supremacy in Ireland , which is known and acknowledged to be destructive to His Majesties Supremacy and just Prerogative , rather then an extirpation of Episcopacy which is the foundation and assent to the Popes Supremacy shall be consented to in England , upon a bare presupposall that it is a necessarie support to Monarchy ; when it hath never been yet examined what Monarchy it supports , whether spirituall or temporall : and whether that which is a necessary supporter to the one , is compatible with the other , having shaken off the yoke of spirituall Monarchy , and renounced not onely all subjection to it , but all communion with it ; and trusting of Papists upon their bare words and deceitfull professions , against their known unsound tenets and doctrines , rather then the Parliament and Protestant Subjects shall be beleeved upon their solemne Vow and Covenant for the preservation and defence of His Majesties person and Authority . And lastly , imploying of known and profest Reeusants , trusting them with Arms and Authority , without any caution or consideration how they may be disarmed again , rather then that the Parliament shall be suffered to dispose of the Militia of the Kingdom for the safety and security thereof for some limited time , are all clear and manifest proofs what their power and prevalence with the King is ; And do all conclude , that an Arbitrary power and unlimited Prerogative pretending for the King , having been made use of and exercised by them , yet was never intended for the King , nor for the improving nor advancing of the Kings Prerogative ; but onely to make use of it for erecting and setting up of an Independent Authority in the Church to Ecclesiasticall persons : and by means thereof to introduce the Popes Supremacy as the chief and ultimate end of their designe . And that His Majestie hath been grosly abused , and craftily over-reached by disguised Impostors , and deceitfull parasites , pretending one thing when intending the contrary . Whereof amongst other things my Lord of Canterbury his equivocall expressions at the houre of his death giveth some light ; at what time being desirous to justifie himself publickly to the world , of his endeavours for changing the Religion , he expresseth himself of endeavouring onely to change the Protestant Religion to Popish superstition , as if there had been no other danger from Popery but of introducing of grosse and absurd Superstition , to many of which imbraced by them , and set up by Papall Authority , it may be granted him and beleeved that he was no reall friend , but might condemne them in his own opinion and judgement ; when notwithstanding it was certain and clear , that he not onely befriended , but courted and ambitiously coveted that honour and authority which did establish that superstition ; and which must of necessitie still produce some superstition or other in the worship of God : and hath now sufficiently discovered it self to endeavour continually to introduce Superstition and Ignorance as the principall means to induce men , by a blind devotion to submit to an implicit obedience of what shall be required of them , and imposed upon them . But that was passed over by him as a thing wherein he was not concerned ; yet his practises tending thither was the chief thing concerning Religion whereof he was accused , and for which he was condemned : and possibly he might be deceived himself by the fallacy of deceitfull grounds and false principles , the consequences whereof might not appear so clearly to himself as to others , which might be the cause , why he did endeavour to justifie himself of his intentions onely ; when the charge against him , was for his practises and actions chiefly which he acknowledged to have been proved against him , by acquitting his Judges as having proceeded secundum allegata & probata . For he might flatter himself with an opinion of good intentions , thinking all was necessarie and good which he went about : but thinking so , he did but deceive himself as well as others , which is the best charity that can be allowed him by the most charitable Christians that are not misled by the same principles and grounds that did deceive him ; and the most favourable construction that can be made of him is , that albeit he was a great Doctor and Statesman also , yet was he to learn the true principles of the Christian Religion , when he went out of the world , and that his principles of government were no better , then his principles of Religion . By the result of all which two things are demonstrated and declared . The first is , that they who do beleeve and are of opinion , that they are the onely assertors and defenders of the Kings Prerogative , and of the Regall power , by fighting against the Parliament , for the maintaining and defending of all that is established and approved by the King in this difference between King and Parliament , do but contribute their help and assistance for the undermining and destroying of the Regall power , and of the Kings just Prerogative The second is , that the King is not resisted because his will is opposed by his Parliament , which is the Kings great Councell , and the representative body of his Kingdom ; and the reason of both is , because by the constitution and frame of this Government Kings of this Kingdom may never give away their rights , and that power and authority which they themselves have over the Subjects , nor transferre the same upon any other , without the generall consent of the Subjects ; which can never be obtained but by their representative Body assembled in Parliament . And the obtaining of His Majesties will in this , would be of more dangerous consequence to himself , and to the Regall Authority , then ever yet appeared to himself , or can ever appear , so long as he is separated and divided from his great Councell , where , by a free debate of all consequences , and by a clear discovery of all sinister ends and fraudulent practises , the truth of all can onely appear ; and without whom His Majestie can determine nothing by himself , nor by his own judgement therein . The question being of exposing himself , his Successors , all his Subjects , and their posterity to a bondage , and subjection under a heavie yoke and forraigne Head ; usurping a spirituall Authority , and claiming homage and universall obedience thereunto by Divine right , as being , Christs Vicar generall , and the supreme Head of the Church upon earth : And the consequences of which being , that the acknowledgement of this claime , and a generall beleef thereof onely , doth necessarily subject all other power and Authority unto it ; by reason that the faculties of the soul upon which this spirituall authority hath the chiefest influence and operation , do easily subject and subdue all the powers of the body . And it is now experimentally known , that men being once subdued to the apprehension and beleef of this spirituall Authority , by their intellectuals and rationall parts chiefly , they are kept in obedience as to their duty by their sensitive parts , and by all manner of forcible means , which makes it a reall power and authority that before was onely imaginary ; and by means thereof becomes a power superior , to all humane power , and cannot be contradicted nor controlled by no power nor authority , that is in man , and can neither be limited nor confined within any certain bounds , nor be directed by no rule nor Law whatsoever . But notwithstanding would suddenly vanish , if the grounds and ends of all spirituall authority , to be exercised under any form of Ecclesiasticall government , were fully examined , and discovered to be nothing but the imagination of man , which would infallibly follow if nothing were taken for granted without evidence and proof , which is the end of all Councels and Consultations , and the principall duty of every rationall man : and reason is in nature before all the other faculties of the soul , and is the foundation of all other gifts and graces whatsoever , but not the perfection , and therefore is it given to all men as a difference and distinction between man and beast : when other gifts and abilities are given onely to some ; And the end of Government is discovered to man by the light of reason , and conduceth to the very being of man , which must be provided for , before any thought or consideration can be had of well being , or of any other perfection . And therefore unity , which is the preserver of humane society , must be provided for before any other duty that is required of man . For the preservation of humane society tendeth to the propagation of mankind , in which the being of man consisteth , as from which it is derived , without recourse to a new creation ; and all Authority , which is the preserver of Unity , must be derived from one head or fountain which in this Kingdom is from the Regall Power . For no man denieth that the King is the Head of his people ; and all men know and acknowledge that He is never in his Supremacy nor absolute but by his Parliament . Which as it is the representative Body of the people ; so is it the Supreme Councell of the King . And therefore without it He is neither the head of a compleat body ( but of a Faction ) nor a compleat head ; For the Parliament being the representative of the people becomes thereby their living soul , including the will and desires of all the people , as comprehending them all : But being the Kings great Councell , who is the head of the people , it doth supply the office and nature of all the externall senses which are placed in the head for the use of the body , and especially to inform and assist the intellectuall faculties inhabiting the head , for the giving of due influence upon the body , without which a body politick doth languish and consume ; being fed and nourished by the vigorous operation of the intellectuals descending from the head , as a body natural doth by sustenance and meat . Wherefore what God hath conjoyned , let no man separate : and whosoever wisheth well to the prosperity of this Kingdom , let him endeavour the conjunction of King and Parliament : And whosoever nourisheth division between them , let them be esteemed as the betrayers of their Countrey , and enemies to mankind ; and let God arise and his enemies will be scattered . But as my Lord of Canterbury had a legall triall , and just sentence , so may all such disguised Traitors to the Kingdom , and fraudulent deceivers of the King , in going about to steal from him his reall right and Authority , by a counterfeit shew of making it better , perish and be confounded in their own craft as publick Enemies to King and Parliament , where onely the Supremacy of all Authority in England doth rest , with the King , and in the King ; but not in the Kings will , but in his reason : which as it rendreth him most absolute , so doth it appear most eminent , by concurring with the desires of all his people , when exhibited to him by them who represents them all ; and are likewise his supreme Councel , to which all other Councels and Courts whatsoever are subordinate and accountable : by doing whereof onely he is united with his people , and his people with him , wherein the strength of both consisteth , and then may he confidently say , If God be with us , who can be against us . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A91248e-150 1 Cor. 9. 28.