The lawfulnes of obeying the present government and acting under it with some other additions to a former edition / by one that loves all presbyterian lovers of truth and peace and is of their communion.
         Rous, Francis, 1579-1659.
      
       
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             The lawfulnes of obeying the present government and acting under it with some other additions to a former edition / by one that loves all presbyterian lovers of truth and peace and is of their communion.
             Rous, Francis, 1579-1659.
          
           [2], 25 p.
           
             Printed for John Wright,
             London :
             1649.
          
           
             Attributed by Wing and NUC pre-1956 imprints to Francis Rous.
             Reproduction of original in the Bodleian Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
         eng
      
       
         
           Great Britain -- History -- Civil War, 1642-1649.
           Great Britain -- Politics and government -- 1642-1649.
        
      
    
       A57696  R28815  (Wing R2021).  civilwar no The lavvfulnes of obeying the present government· And acting under it, with some other additions to a former edition. By one that loves all Rous, Francis 1649    9504 167 0 0 0 0 0 176 F  The  rate of 176 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the F category of texts with  100 or more defects per 10,000 words. 
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           THE
           LAVVFULNES
           of
           obeying
           the
           Present
           Government
           .
           And
           Acting
           under
           it
           ,
           With
           some
           other
           ADDITIONS
           to
           a
           former
           EDITION
           .
        
         
           By
           one
           that
           Loves
           all
           PRESBYTERIAN
           lovers
           of
           Truth
           and
           Peace
           ,
           and
           is
           of
           their
           Communion
           .
        
         
           
             JOHN
             7.
             24.
             
          
           Iudge
           not
           according
           to
           the
           appeareance
           ,
           but
           judge
           righteous
           judgement
           .
        
         
           
             LONDON
             :
          
           Printed
           for
           
             Iohn
             Wright
             ,
          
           at
           the
           Kings
           Head
           in
           the
           Old-Bayley
           ,
           1649.
           
        
      
    
     
       
       
       
         
           The
           lawfullnesse
           of
           obeying
           the
           present
           Government
           .
        
         
           And
           acting
           under
           it
        
         
           
             A
             Declaration
             hath
             beene
             lately
             published
             ,
             wherein
             the
             grounds
             are
             exprest
             of
             setling
             the
             present
             Government
             ,
             with
             which
             if
             any
             be
             not
             so
             far
             satisfied
             as
             to
             thinke
             that
             setlement
             lawfull
             ,
             yet
             even
             to
             such
             is
             this
             Discourse
             directed
             ,
             which
             proposeth
             Proofes
             ,
             that
             th●ugh
             the
             change
             of
             a
             Government
             were
             beleeved
             not
             to
             be
             lawfull
             ,
             yet
             it
             may
             lawfully
             be
             obeyed
             .
          
        
         
           THe
           Apostle
           intreating
           of
           purpose
           upon
           the
           duty
           of
           submission
           and
           obedience
           to
           Authority
           ,
           
           layes
           down
           this
           precept
           ;
           
             Let
             every
             soul
             be
             subject
             to
             the
             higher
             powers
             ,
             for
             there
             is
             no
             power
             but
             of
             God
             ;
             the
             powers
             that
             are
             ,
             are
             ordained
             of
             God
             ;
          
           and
           hereupon
           infers
           ,
           
             Wherefore
             ye
             must
             needs
             
             be
             subject
             not
             only
             for
             wrath
             ,
             
             but
             for
             conscience
             sake
             .
          
           And
           that
           he
           speakes
           not
           in
           this
           place
           meerly
           of
           power
           or
           authority
           abstracted
           from
           persons
           ,
           but
           of
           persons
           cloathed
           with
           that
           authority
           ,
           appeares
           in
           that
           he
           saith
           ;
           
             For
             ,
             rulers
             are
             not
             a
             terrour
             to
             good
             workes
             .
          
           So
           that
           he
           speakes
           of
           persons
           ruling
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           of
           the
           power
           by
           which
           they
           rule
           .
           And
           againe
           ,
           
             He
             is
             the
             Minister
             of
             God
             ,
          
           and
           they
           are
           Gods
           Ministers
           ;
           &
           accordingly
           he
           directs
           
             Timothy
             ,
          
           to
           pray
           for
           a
           blessing
           upon
           those
           that
           are
           in
           authority
           .
           
           Now
           if
           the
           Powers
           ,
           Rulers
           ,
           and
           those
           that
           were
           in
           authority
           in
           that
           time
           were
           ordained
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           were
           to
           be
           obeyed
           for
           conscience
           sake
           ,
           let
           us
           consider
           how
           lawfully
           they
           came
           into
           that
           power
           ,
           rule
           ,
           and
           authority
           .
           This
           Epistle
           most
           probably
           ,
           if
           not
           certainly
           ,
           was
           written
           in
           the
           time
           of
           
             Claudius
             Caesar
             ,
          
           or
           
             Nero
             ,
          
           
           the
           former
           of
           which
           banished
           the
           Jews
           out
           of
           
             Rome
             ,
          
           upon
           which
           occasion
           
             Aquila
          
           and
           
             Priscilla
          
           came
           out
           and
           met
           with
           
             Paul
          
           at
           
             Corinth
             :
          
           and
           by
           the
           sentence
           of
           the
           latter
           ,
           
             Paul
          
           having
           made
           his
           appeale
           to
           
             Caesar
          
           finished
           his
           course
           ,
           and
           passed
           unto
           a
           crowne
           of
           righteousnesse
           .
           And
           now
           ,
           behold
           the
           lawfulnesse
           by
           which
           these
           two
           persons
           came
           to
           be
           invested
           in
           their
           power
           and
           authority
           .
        
         
           Of
           
             Claudius
             Caesar
          
           the
           Story
           tells
           us
           this
           ;
           
           After
           the
           death
           of
           
             Caius
             Caligula
             ,
          
           the
           Consuls
           and
           Senate
           of
           
             Rome
          
           entred
           into
           a
           consultation
           ,
           how
           they
           might
           restore
           the
           Common-wealth
           to
           her
           ancient
           freedom
           ,
           which
           by
           the
           
             Caesars
          
           had
           been
           taken
           from
           them
           .
           So
           that
           the
           taking
           in
           of
           an
           Emperour
           ,
           and
           consequently
           of
           
             Claudius
          
           for
           Emperour
           ,
           was
           directly
           against
           
           the
           wills
           and
           resolution
           of
           the
           Consuls
           and
           Senate
           ;
           yet
           these
           anciently
           for
           many
           hundred
           yeares
           had
           the
           chiefe
           power
           of
           Government
           ;
           But
           see
           the
           way
           of
           
             Claudius
          
           his
           coming
           to
           the
           Empire
           ;
           during
           the
           
             Inter-regnum
             ,
             Claudius
          
           being
           frighted
           with
           the
           news
           of
           
             Caligula's
          
           death
           ,
           and
           fearing
           himselfe
           might
           be
           enquired
           for
           upon
           suspition
           with-drew
           ,
           and
           hid
           himselfe
           behind
           the
           Hangings
           ,
           or
           covering
           of
           a
           doore
           ;
           where
           a
           Souldier
           seeing
           his
           feet
           ,
           and
           desirous
           to
           know
           what
           he
           was
           drew
           him
           forth
           ,
           and
           upon
           knowledge
           of
           him
           saluted
           him
           Emperour
           ,
           though
           even
           then
           for
           feare
           falling
           downe
           low
           before
           him
           .
           This
           one
           Souldier
           brought
           him
           forth
           to
           his
           fellow
           Souldiers
           ,
           who
           lifted
           him
           up
           as
           Emperour
           ;
           and
           thus
           while
           the
           Senate
           was
           slow
           in
           executing
           their
           purposes
           ,
           and
           differences
           grew
           among
           them
           ,
           
             Claudius
             ,
          
           who
           was
           sent
           for
           by
           the
           Senate
           to
           give
           in
           his
           councell
           concerning
           the
           common
           freedome
           ,
           undertooke
           the
           Empire
           .
           Thus
           in
           one
           Souldier
           at
           first
           ,
           and
           then
           in
           more
           ,
           was
           the
           foundation
           of
           
             Claudius
          
           his
           Emperiall
           power
           ,
           against
           the
           will
           ,
           consultations
           ,
           and
           endeavours
           of
           Consuls
           and
           Senate
           .
           And
           for
           
             Nero
          
           (
           his
           Successor
           )
           
             Britannicus
             ,
          
           who
           was
           nearer
           of
           kin
           to
           
             Claudius
             ,
          
           being
           his
           Son
           ,
           was
           kept
           in
           by
           the
           cunning
           of
           
             Neroes
          
           mother
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           same
           craft
           
             Nero
          
           being
           brought
           forth
           to
           the
           Souldiery
           ,
           was
           first
           saluted
           Emperour
           by
           them
           .
           This
           sentence
           of
           the
           Souldiers
           was
           followed
           with
           the
           consent
           of
           the
           Senate
           ,
           and
           then
           it
           was
           not
           scrupled
           in
           the
           Provinces
           ;
           so
           that
           the
           Souldiery
           was
           also
           the
           foundation
           of
           
             Neroes
          
           Empire
           .
           Thus
           we
           see
           Rulers
           
           put
           by
           Souldiers
           into
           that
           power
           which
           is
           said
           by
           the
           Scripture
           to
           be
           ordained
           of
           God
           ;
           and
           even
           to
           these
           Rulers
           men
           must
           be
           subject
           for
           conscience
           .
        
         
           But
           passing
           from
           the
           Romane
           state
           to
           our
           owne
           ,
           sure
           we
           are
           that
           in
           this
           Nation
           many
           persons
           have
           beene
           setled
           in
           supreame
           power
           and
           authority
           by
           meere
           force
           without
           title
           of
           inheritance
           ,
           or
           just
           conquest
           .
           And
           it
           hath
           been
           observed
           by
           some
           that
           accurately
           have
           looked
           into
           our
           story
           ,
           that
           not
           any
           three
           immediately
           succeeding
           each
           other
           ,
           come
           to
           the
           Crowne
           by
           true
           lineall
           succession
           and
           order
           of
           blood
           .
           Neither
           is
           there
           any
           great
           difficulty
           in
           finding
           it
           ,
           untill
           we
           come
           to
           Queene
           
             Mary
             ,
          
           whose
           title
           being
           by
           an
           incestuous
           marriage
           ,
           these
           observers
           say
           that
           Queene
           
             Elizabeth
          
           should
           have
           raigned
           in
           her
           stead
           ;
           However
           ,
           we
           are
           cleerly
           told
           by
           story
           ,
           that
           five
           Kings
           on
           a
           row
           (
           of
           which
           the
           Conqueror
           was
           the
           first
           )
           had
           no
           title
           at
           all
           by
           lineall
           descent
           and
           proximity
           of
           blood
           .
           The
           first
           came
           in
           by
           force
           ;
           The
           
           second
           and
           third
           had
           an
           elder
           Brother
           living
           when
           they
           came
           to
           the
           Crowne
           ;
           The
           fourth
           raigned
           when
           his
           Predecessor
           had
           a
           Daughter
           ,
           and
           Heire
           living
           which
           was
           
             Mawd
          
           the
           Empresse
           ;
           The
           fifth
           being
           the
           Son
           of
           that
           Empresse
           ,
           raigned
           while
           his
           Mother
           was
           alive
           ,
           by
           whom
           his
           Title
           came
           .
           But
           leaving
           these
           ,
           and
           
             Edward
          
           the
           third
           who
           raigned
           in
           his
           Fathers
           life
           time
           ,
           and
           the
           three
           
             Henries
             ;
          
           fourth
           ,
           fifth
           ,
           and
           sixt
           ,
           who
           raigned
           upon
           the
           
             Lancastrian
          
           (
           that
           is
           a
           younger
           Brothers
           )
           Title
           ,
           Let
           us
           more
           particularly
           consider
           
             Henry
          
           the
           seventh
           ;
           
           This
           
             Henry
          
           came
           in
           with
           an
           Army
           ,
           and
           by
           meere
           power
           was
           made
           King
           in
           the
           Army
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           Army
           ;
           so
           that
           in
           the
           very
           field
           where
           he
           got
           the
           Victory
           ,
           the
           Crowne
           was
           set
           upon
           his
           head
           ,
           and
           there
           he
           gave
           Knight-hood
           to
           divers
           ;
           And
           upon
           this
           foundation
           of
           military
           power
           ,
           he
           got
           himselfe
           afterwards
           to
           be
           solemnely
           Crowned
           at
           
             Westminster
             .
          
           And
           soone
           after
           upon
           authority
           thus
           gotten
           ,
           he
           called
           a
           Parliament
           ,
           and
           in
           that
           Parliament
           was
           the
           Crowne
           entailed
           upon
           him
           and
           his
           Heires
           .
           Thus
           both
           his
           Crowne
           and
           his
           Parliament
           were
           founded
           upon
           power
           ;
           As
           for
           any
           right
           Title
           ,
           he
           could
           have
           none
           ;
           for
           he
           came
           from
           a
           Bastard
           of
           
             Iohn
          
           of
           
             Gaunt
             ,
          
           which
           though
           legitimated
           by
           Parliament
           for
           common
           Inheritances
           ,
           yet
           expressely
           was
           excluded
           from
           right
           to
           the
           Crowne
           .
           And
           for
           his
           wives
           Title
           ,
           that
           came
           in
           after
           his
           Kingship
           ,
           and
           his
           Parliament
           ,
           which
           before
           had
           setled
           the
           Crowne
           upon
           him
           and
           his
           Heirs
           .
           And
           he
           was
           so
           farre
           from
           exercising
           authority
           in
           her
           right
           ,
           that
           her
           name
           is
           not
           used
           in
           any
           
           Lawes
           as
           Queene
           
             Maries
          
           was
           ,
           both
           before
           and
           after
           her
           marriage
           with
           the
           Spanish
           King
           .
           Now
           this
           and
           the
           rest
           who
           came
           in
           by
           meere
           power
           without
           Title
           of
           inheritance
           ,
           being
           in
           their
           opinion
           who
           are
           now
           unsatisfied
           ,
           to
           be
           held
           unlawfull
           ,
           yet
           the
           maine
           body
           of
           this
           Nation
           did
           obey
           them
           ,
           whilst
           they
           ruled
           ,
           yea
           doth
           yield
           subjection
           to
           their
           Lawes
           to
           this
           very
           day
           .
           And
           the
           learned
           in
           the
           Lawes
           doe
           continually
           plead
           ,
           judge
           ,
           justify
           ,
           and
           condemne
           according
           to
           these
           Lawes
           ;
           So
           that
           herein
           the
           very
           voyce
           of
           the
           Nation
           with
           one
           consent
           seemes
           to
           speake
           aloud
           ;
           That
           those
           whose
           Title
           is
           held
           unlawfull
           ,
           yet
           being
           possest
           of
           authority
           may
           lawfully
           be
           obeyed
           .
        
         
           And
           hereunto
           Divines
           and
           Casuists
           give
           their
           concurrence
           ;
           among
           them
           one
           that
           is
           resolute
           both
           for
           Monarchy
           and
           lineall
           Succession
           ,
           thus
           expresseth
           his
           judgement
           ,
           both
           for
           seeking
           of
           right
           and
           justice
           from
           an
           usurper
           (
           whom
           he
           calleth
           a
           Tyrant
           ,
           in
           regard
           of
           an
           unjust
           Title
           ,
           not
           in
           respect
           of
           Tyranicall
           oppression
           )
           and
           for
           obeying
           his
           commands
           .
           First
           ,
           
           that
           Subjects
           may
           lawfully
           seek
           justice
           of
           him
           ;
           And
           secondly
           ,
           that
           if
           his
           commands
           be
           lawfull
           and
           just
           ,
           they
           must
           be
           obeyed
           .
           And
           another
           well
           esteemed
           in
           the
           Reformed
           Churches
           ,
           is
           of
           the
           same
           judgement
           .
        
         
         
           Paraeus
           
             saith
             ,
          
           
           That
           it
           matters
           not
           by
           what
           meanes
           or
           craft
           
             Nimrod
             ,
          
           
           
             Jeroboam
             ,
          
           got
           Kingdomes
           to
           themselves
           ;
           For
           the
           power
           is
           onething
           which
           is
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           the
           getting
           and
           the
           use
           of
           the
           power
           is
           another
           ;
           And
           after
           :
           The
           beginning
           of
           
             Nimrods
          
           power
           was
           ,
           indeed
           evill
           ,
           as
           to
           the
           getting
           and
           usurping
           power
           ,
           because
           abusing
           his
           strength
           ,
           force
           ,
           and
           wealth
           ,
           he
           violently
           subbued
           others
           ,
           and
           compelled
           them
           to
           obey
           ;
           but
           not
           the
           power
           or
           force
           wherewith
           he
           seemed
           to
           be
           indued
           by
           God
           above
           others
           ;
           
             And
             another
             more
             plainely
             .
          
           When
           a
           question
           is
           made
           whom
           we
           should
           obey
           ;
           it
           must
           not
           be
           lookt
           at
           what
           he
           is
           that
           exerciseth
           the
           power
           ,
           or
           by
           what
           right
           or
           wrong
           he
           hath
           ●nvaded
           the
           power
           ,
           or
           in
           what
           manner
           he
           doth
           dispen●●
           it
           ,
           but
           onely
           if
           he
           have
           power
           .
           For
           if
           any
           man
           doth
           excell
           in
           power
           ,
           it
           is
           now
           out
           of
           doubt
           ,
           that
           he
           received
           that
           power
           of
           God
           ;
           Wherefore
           without
           all
           exception
           thou
           must
           yield
           thy self
           up
           to
           him
           ,
           and
           heartily
           obey
           him
           .
        
         
           And
           the
           same
           Author
           againe
           ;
           
           
             When
             a
             question
             is
             made
             to
             whom
             obedience
             should
             be
             given
             :
             A
             Christian
             is
             taught
             out
             of
             the
             Apostle
             ,
             that
             he
             should
             looke
             onely
             to
             this
             ,
             who
             hath
             the
             power
             in
             that
             place
             where
             he
             lives
             .
          
        
         
           Another
           thus
           ,
           
             It
             often
             comes
             to
             passe
             ,
             that
             Alians
             or
             Natives
             by
             seditions
             or
             force
             invade
             the
             Common-Wealth
             .
             But
             in
             any
             of
             these
             cases
             Subjects
             may
             not
             when
             they
             list
             goe
             about
             to
             change
             the
             forme
             of
             the
             Common-Wealth
          
           
           
           
             nor
             dispute
             seditiously
             of
             the
             Right
             or
             authority
             of
             their
             Ruler
             ,
             but
             should
             singly
             obey
             the
             PRESENT
             Magistrates
             in
             all
             things
             which
             may
             be
             done
             without
             wrong
             to
             Conscience
             and
             Piety
             .
          
        
         
           
             And
             another
             thus
             ,
          
           
           The
           Apostle
           seemes
           here
           to
           goe
           about
           to
           take
           away
           the
           frivolous
           Curiosity
           of
           men
           ,
           
           who
           often
           use
           to
           enquire
           by
           what
           right
           those
           which
           have
           command
           did
           get
           their
           authority
           ;
           But
           it
           ought
           to
           be
           sufficient
           to
           us
           ,
           that
           they
           are
           in
           preheminence
           .
           For
           they
           did
           not
           get
           up
           to
           his
           height
           by
           their
           owne
           strength
           ,
           but
           they
           are
           set
           over
           by
           the
           hand
           of
           God
           .
           
             Yet
             another
             ,
          
           (
           And
           all
           these
           chiefe
           pillars
           of
           the
           reformed
           Churches
           )
           It
           shall
           not
           here
           be
           scrupulously
           disputed
           by
           what
           right
           or
           by
           what
           wrong
           Princes
           have
           gotten
           their
           power
           .
           This
           rather
           is
           to
           be
           done
           that
           we
           reverence
           the
           PRESENT
           Magistrates
           .
           For
           this
           Epistle
           was
           written
           when
           the
           
             Romanes
          
           had
           now
           gotten
           the
           Empire
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           which
           we
           know
           they
           did
           possesse
           by
           force
           ;
           and
           that
           afterwards
           the
           Emperours
           by
           policies
           nothing
           better
           drew
           to
           themselves
           an
           universall
           power
           .
           Yet
           
             Paul
          
           doth
           command
           that
           Magistrates
           without
           all
           exception
           must
           be
           obeyed
           .
        
         
           And
           indeed
           how
           can
           it
           be
           otherwise
           ?
           for
           when
           a
           
           person
           or
           persons
           have
           gotten
           Supreme
           power
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           same
           excluded
           all
           other
           from
           authority
           ,
           either
           that
           authority
           which
           is
           thus
           taken
           by
           power
           must
           be
           obeyed
           ,
           or
           else
           all
           authority
           and
           government
           must
           fall
           to
           the
           ground
           ;
           &
           so
           confusion
           (
           which
           is
           worse
           then
           tituler
           Tyranny
           )
           be
           admitted
           into
           a
           Common-wealth
           ;
           And
           (
           according
           to
           the
           doctrine
           of
           King
           
             Iames
          
           )
           the
           King
           being
           for
           the
           Common-wealth
           ,
           and
           not
           the
           Common-wealth
           for
           the
           King
           ,
           the
           end
           should
           be
           destroyed
           for
           the
           meanes
           ,
           the
           whole
           for
           a
           part
           .
           If
           a
           Masters
           mate
           had
           throwne
           the
           Master
           over
           Board
           ,
           and
           by
           power
           would
           suffer
           no
           other
           to
           guide
           the
           Ship
           but
           himselfe
           ;
           if
           the
           Marriners
           will
           not
           obey
           him
           commanding
           aright
           for
           the
           safe
           guiding
           of
           the
           Ship
           ,
           the
           Ship
           must
           needs
           perish
           and
           themselves
           with
           it
           .
        
         
           So
           that
           whereas
           some
           speake
           of
           ill
           consequences
           ,
           if
           this
           Doctrine
           be
           received
           ,
           
           they
           may
           here
           see
           worse
           consequences
           if
           it
           be
           not
           received
           ;
           and
           wise
           men
           should
           see
           the
           consequences
           on
           all
           sides
           ,
           and
           judge
           upon
           the
           whole
           .
        
         
           And
           surely
           whatsoever
           ill
           consequences
           may
           appeare
           upon
           obeying
           ,
           they
           appeare
           at
           more
           distance
           ,
           but
           confusion
           and
           destruction
           come
           in
           presenty
           upon
           disobeying
           .
           The
           Common-VVealth
           is
           presently
           put
           unto
           Ungovernment
           and
           Confusion
           by
           inobedidience
           ;
           or
           into
           sedition
           ,
           
           civill
           warre
           ,
           yea
           destruction
           ,
           by
           striving
           against
           a
           prevalent
           power
           .
           Therefore
           as
           that
           which
           hath
           the
           lesse
           ill
           consequences
           ,
           not
           ours
           only
           ,
           but
           generally
           all
           Nations
           have
           given
           obedience
           to
           power
           ;
           and
           both
           sought
           and
           received
           Lawes
           and
           
           Government
           from
           those
           ,
           that
           have
           overpowred
           them
           .
           But
           indeed
           the
           question
           is
           properly
           here
           what
           is
           lawfull
           ,
           and
           not
           what
           ill
           consequences
           the
           corruption
           of
           man
           may
           worke
           upon
           that
           which
           is
           lawfull
           .
           And
           as
           to
           the
           lawfulnesse
           ,
           we
           have
           seen
           before
           what
           Scripture
           ,
           Divines
           ,
           Reason
           ,
           and
           general
           practice
           have
           resolved
           ,
           and
           taught
           .
        
         
           And
           whereas
           some
           speake
           of
           a
           time
           for
           settlement
           ,
           they
           indeed
           doe
           rather
           speake
           for
           a
           time
           of
           unsettlement
           ;
           for
           they
           will
           have
           an
           unsettlement
           first
           ,
           and
           a
           setlement
           after
           .
           And
           whereas
           like
           doth
           produce
           its
           like
           ;
           yet
           they
           would
           have
           an
           unsetlement
           to
           beget
           a
           setlement
           .
           They
           would
           have
           confusion
           ,
           distraction
           ,
           destruction
           to
           bring
           forth
           order
           and
           safety
           .
           But
           the
           former
           Scriptures
           speake
           not
           of
           the
           future
           ,
           but
           of
           the
           present
           time
           ;
           not
           of
           obeying
           those
           that
           shall
           be
           powers
           ,
           and
           shall
           be
           in
           authority
           ;
           but
           the
           powers
           that
           are
           ,
           and
           those
           that
           are
           in
           authority
           .
           Neither
           doe
           the
           Casuists
           and
           Divines
           speake
           of
           obedience
           to
           those
           that
           shall
           be
           setled
           but
           those
           that
           are
           in
           actuall
           possession
           of
           authority
           .
           Neither
           did
           our
           Ancestors
           in
           the
           former
           examples
           defer
           obedience
           to
           the
           Kings
           that
           came
           in
           by
           power
           without
           Title
           ;
           but
           gave
           it
           presently
           ,
           being
           presently
           vested
           and
           possessed
           of
           authority
           .
           Besides
           ,
           let
           it
           be
           considered
           whether
           that
           may
           not
           be
           called
           a
           settlement
           ,
           how
           soone
           soever
           it
           is
           ,
           when
           there
           is
           such
           a
           way
           setled
           that
           men
           may
           have
           Justice
           if
           they
           will
           ,
           and
           may
           enjoy
           that
           maine
           end
           of
           Magistracie
           ,
           
           to
           live
           a
           peaceable
           life
           in
           godlinesse
           and
           honesty
           .
        
         
           And
           indeed
           when
           one
           is
           in
           possession
           by
           power
           ,
           and
           another
           pretends
           a
           Title
           ,
           what
           can
           the
           maine
           body
           of
           a
           Nation
           which
           consists
           of
           the
           Common-people
           doe
           in
           this
           case
           ?
           
           They
           cannot
           judge
           of
           Titles
           ;
           but
           they
           see
           who
           doth
           visibly
           and
           actually
           exercise
           power
           and
           authority
           .
           Yea
           even
           learned
           men
           ,
           and
           States
           men
           have
           beene
           found
           ignorant
           of
           the
           former
           observations
           ,
           of
           the
           not
           succeeding
           three
           in
           order
           of
           blood
           since
           the
           Conquest
           ;
           and
           then
           how
           should
           the
           Common
           people
           know
           it
           ?
           Yet
           further
           ,
           even
           Peeres
           ,
           chiefe
           Cities
           ,
           Parliaments
           ,
           and
           all
           having
           to
           one
           in
           every
           three
           ,
           thus
           subjected
           themselves
           upon
           termes
           of
           power
           and
           not
           of
           right
           ;
           what
           can
           be
           expected
           but
           that
           what
           hath
           been
           done
           ,
           may
           or
           shall
           be
           done
           hereafter
           ?
           especially
           when
           in
           this
           present
           age
           obedience
           is
           given
           to
           the
           Lawes
           and
           Commands
           of
           those
           Princes
           .
           But
           some
           say
           that
           there
           are
           Oathes
           that
           justifie
           disobedience
           to
           the
           present
           Government
           .
           Surely
           Oathes
           are
           sacred
           bonds
           and
           reverent
           obligements
           ,
           and
           where
           they
           doe
           not
           themselves
           leave
           or
           make
           us
           free
           ,
           we
           are
           not
           to
           cut
           or
           breake
           them
           in
           pieces
           ;
           Yet
           concerning
           these
           there
           are
           faults
           on
           both
           hands
           :
           On
           the
           
           one
           side
           the
           slighting
           of
           an
           Oath
           ,
           (
           and
           such
           is
           the
           comparing
           it
           with
           an
           Almanack
           )
           which
           is
           a
           light
           aswell
           as
           an
           unproper
           comparison
           ;
           except
           it
           were
           such
           an
           Oath
           as
           was
           made
           onely
           for
           a
           yeare
           ;
           But
           we
           finde
           some
           part
           of
           the
           Vow
           and
           Covenant
           to
           speake
           of
           all
           the
           dayes
           of
           our
           lives
           ,
           which
           doubtlesse
           may
           lye
           on
           many
           of
           the
           takers
           for
           many
           years
           ;
           True
           it
           is
           that
           the
           obligation
           of
           some
           things
           may
           end
           ,
           because
           they
           can
           no
           longer
           be
           kept
           ,
           as
           that
           of
           the
           Kings
           person
           ;
           
           for
           to
           impossible
           things
           there
           is
           no
           obligation
           :
           but
           will
           any
           man
           that
           understands
           ,
           and
           savours
           Religion
           and
           Piety
           ,
           say
           that
           the
           clauses
           which
           concerne
           Religion
           and
           Piety
           are
           expired
           ?
           Did
           we
           promise
           to
           God
           in
           our
           severall
           places
           and
           callings
           ,
           to
           extripate
           Profanenesse
           ,
           Heresie
           ,
           and
           Blasphemy
           ,
           and
           to
           endeavour
           a
           reformed
           life
           in
           our selves
           and
           ours
           ;
           onely
           till
           our
           Enemies
           were
           overcome
           ,
           and
           then
           to
           make
           an
           end
           ?
           What
           were
           this
           but
           to
           say
           unto
           God
           ,
           If
           thou
           wilt
           deliver
           us
           ,
           we
           will
           be
           bound
           to
           thee
           till
           we
           are
           delivered
           and
           no
           longer
           ?
           Would
           this
           invite
           God
           to
           deliver
           us
           from
           our
           enemies
           ,
           or
           rather
           to
           keepe
           our
           Enemies
           still
           in
           strength
           against
           us
           ?
           least
           we
           being
           delivered
           from
           our
           Enemies
           should
           not
           serve
           him
           in
           righteousnesse
           and
           holinesse
           all
           our
           lives
           .
           Surely
           this
           is
           too
           like
           that
           course
           of
           carnall
           
             Israel
             ,
          
           
           of
           whom
           it
           is
           written
           ,
           
             When
             he
             slew
             them
             ,
             then
             they
             sought
             him
             ,
             and
             they
             enquired
             early
             after
             God
             ;
             but
             their
             heart
             was
             not
             right
             with
             him
             ,
             neither
             were
             they
             stedfast
             in
             his
             Covenant
             .
          
           Much
           more
           piously
           and
           faithfully
           a
           reverend
           and
           truly
           spirituall
           Divine
           ;
           
             A
             well
             grounded
             
             Covenant
             is
             a
             sure
             ,
             
             a
             firme
             and
             an
             irrevocable
             Act.
             When
             you
             have
             such
             an
          
           All
           This
           (
           
             and
             such
             you
             have
             )
             as
             is
             here
             concentred
             in
             the
             Text
             ,
             to
             lay
             into
             ,
             or
             for
             the
             foundation
             of
             the
             Covenant
             ;
             the
             superstruction
             (
             is
             aeternitati
             sacrum
             and
             )
             must
             stand
             for
             ever
             .
          
           
        
         
           But
           on
           the
           other
           side
           there
           are
           other
           faults
           ;
           such
           are
           the
           urging
           of
           an
           Oath
           or
           Covenant
           against
           enemies
           ,
           and
           not
           against
           friends
           in
           one
           and
           the
           same
           Action
           ;
           and
           if
           not
           altogether
           so
           ,
           yet
           a
           slight
           and
           diminishing
           charge
           of
           it
           upon
           one
           ,
           and
           a
           vehement
           and
           aggravating
           charge
           of
           it
           upon
           the
           other
           .
           Another
           fault
           may
           be
           ,
           a
           stiffe
           insisting
           on
           one
           part
           ,
           and
           a
           neglect
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           silence
           in
           another
           part
           ;
           as
           likewise
           when
           by
           event
           two
           parts
           of
           it
           come
           to
           be
           inconsistent
           ,
           to
           chuse
           and
           inforce
           the
           keeping
           of
           the
           lighter
           or
           lesse
           necessary
           part
           ,
           and
           to
           give
           way
           to
           the
           losse
           and
           not
           keeping
           of
           the
           greater
           .
           There
           is
           another
           ,
           in
           racking
           an
           Oath
           or
           Covenant
           ,
           to
           make
           it
           speake
           that
           which
           it
           meant
           not
           .
           And
           here
           it
           were
           good
           to
           consider
           ,
           whether
           there
           be
           any
           clause
           in
           any
           Oath
           or
           Covenant
           ,
           which
           in
           a
           faire
           and
           common
           sence
           forbids
           obedience
           to
           the
           commands
           of
           the
           present
           Government
           and
           Authority
           ,
           much
           lesse
           when
           no
           other
           can
           be
           had
           ,
           and
           so
           the
           Common-wealth
           must
           goe
           to
           ruine
           .
           
           And
           whether
           it
           forbids
           obedience
           to
           the
           present
           Authority
           more
           then
           to
           Lawes
           that
           have
           beene
           formerly
           enacted
           ,
           by
           
           those
           which
           came
           in
           Authority
           meerely
           by
           power
           ?
           If
           it
           be
           said
           that
           in
           the
           Oath
           of
           Allegiance
           ,
           
           Allegiance
           is
           sworne
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           his
           Heires
           ,
           and
           Successors
           ,
           if
           His
           Heires
           be
           not
           his
           Successors
           ,
           how
           doth
           that
           Oath
           binde
           ?
           either
           the
           word
           Successors
           must
           be
           superfluous
           ,
           or
           else
           it
           must
           binde
           to
           Successors
           as
           well
           as
           to
           Heires
           ;
           and
           if
           it
           binds
           not
           to
           a
           Successor
           ,
           that
           is
           not
           an
           Heire
           ,
           how
           can
           it
           binde
           to
           an
           Heire
           that
           is
           not
           a
           Successor
           ?
           And
           if
           you
           will
           know
           the
           common
           and
           usuall
           sense
           (
           which
           should
           be
           the
           meaning
           of
           an
           Oath
           )
           of
           the
           word
           Successors
           ,
           you
           need
           not
           so
           much
           aske
           of
           Lawyers
           and
           learned
           persons
           ,
           
           as
           of
           men
           of
           ordinary
           knowledge
           ,
           and
           demand
           of
           them
           ,
           Who
           was
           the
           Successor
           of
           
             William
          
           the
           Conqueror
           ,
           and
           see
           whether
           they
           will
           not
           say
           
             William
             Rufus
             ,
          
           and
           who
           succeeded
           
             Richard
          
           the
           third
           ,
           and
           whether
           they
           will
           not
           say
           
             Henry
          
           the
           seventh
           ?
           and
           yet
           (
           as
           it
           appeares
           before
           )
           neither
           of
           them
           was
           Heire
           .
           So
           it
           seemes
           in
           the
           ordinary
           acception
           the
           word
           Successor
           is
           taken
           for
           him
           that
           actually
           succeeds
           in
           Government
           ,
           and
           not
           for
           him
           that
           is
           actually
           excluded
           .
           And
           as
           in
           Language
           the
           ordinary
           acception
           of
           a
           word
           is
           to
           be
           taken
           for
           the
           meaning
           ,
           
           so
           that
           meaning
           is
           to
           be
           understood
           as
           most
           proper
           to
           have
           been
           taken
           in
           an
           Oath
           .
           
        
         
         
           Yet
           withall
           this
           Quaere
           may
           be
           added
           ;
           While
           the
           Son
           is
           in
           the
           same
           posture
           in
           which
           the
           Father
           was
           ,
           how
           comes
           this
           Oath
           at
           this
           time
           to
           stand
           up
           and
           plead
           for
           disobedience
           in
           regard
           of
           the
           Son
           ,
           that
           was
           asleep
           and
           silent
           in
           regard
           of
           the
           Father
           ?
        
         
           But
           now
           let
           us
           enter
           into
           the
           question
           of
           active
           obedience
           ,
           
           and
           Acting
           under
           this
           present
           power
           and
           Government
           .
           But
           first
           let
           this
           be
           premised
           ,
           That
           this
           present
           power
           is
           in
           possession
           of
           the
           whole
           Land
           ,
           and
           no
           visible
           force
           to
           oppose
           or
           overbeare
           it
           ,
           and
           so
           it
           is
           not
           like
           that
           betweene
           
             David
          
           and
           
             Absalom
             ,
          
           where
           
             David
          
           had
           an
           Army
           in
           veiw
           that
           might
           ,
           and
           did
           overcome
           .
           And
           next
           ,
           That
           a
           course
           of
           Justice
           ,
           or
           giving
           right
           is
           opened
           at
           
             Westminster
             ,
          
           and
           through
           the
           whole
           Nation
           ;
           And
           this
           being
           the
           present
           state
           of
           the
           Nation
           ,
           let
           us
           examine
           whether
           it
           be
           lawfull
           to
           Act
           in
           such
           a
           State
           ?
           True
           it
           is
           that
           some
           hold
           it
           wisedome
           ,
           and
           some
           hold
           it
           duty
           ,
           to
           be
           quiet
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           Act.
           But
           ,
           first
           ,
           it
           hath
           bin
           proved
           before
           that
           obedience
           to
           such
           a
           power
           in
           good
           things
           is
           lawfull
           .
           Now
           if
           obedience
           in
           good
           things
           be
           law
           full
           ,
           then
           Acting
           for
           Justice
           and
           Order
           being
           good
           things
           ,
           and
           commanded
           ,
           it
           is
           lawfull
           to
           obey
           that
           command
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           if
           all
           should
           not
           Act
           ,
           I
           think
           the
           not
           Actors
           would
           fall
           short
           of
           their
           supposed
           and
           intended
           quietnesse
           ,
           and
           the
           wisedome
           they
           placed
           in
           it
           :
           For
           by
           non-Acting
           in
           the
           way
           of
           justice
           the
           whole
           (
           and
           themselves
           among
           the
           rest
           )
           would
           lye
           open
           to
           Injustice
           spoyle
           and
           destruction
           ,
           and
           so
           be
           far
           from
           quietnesse
           .
           And
           indeed
           what
           reason
           is
           it
           ,
           that
           those
           that
           will
           not
           Act
           ,
           because
           they
           hold
           it
           unlawfull
           ,
           should
           expect
           that
           others
           should
           doe
           an
           unlawfull
           Act
           to
           benefit
           them
           ?
           And
           why
           should
           others
           give
           right
           to
           them
           that
           will
           not
           give
           right
           to
           others
           ?
        
         
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           It
           is
           cleared
           in
           this
           discourse
           ,
           that
           those
           who
           have
           gotten
           to
           be
           powers
           (
           though
           by
           force
           )
           yet
           ought
           to
           give
           justice
           to
           those
           whose
           Goverment
           they
           have
           undertaken
           .
           And
           againe
           ,
           That
           the
           people
           may
           lawfully
           demand
           it
           .
           But
           is
           it
           possible
           that
           one
           or
           a
           few
           persons
           in
           supreme
           power
           can
           distribute
           justice
           to
           a
           whole
           Nation
           without
           subordinate
           Agents
           ?
           So
           that
           to
           say
           ,
           None
           may
           lawfully
           Act
           under
           the
           supreme
           power
           in
           distributing
           of
           Justice
           ,
           and
           Government
           ,
           were
           to
           say
           upon
           the
           matter
           ,
           That
           he
           should
           give
           no
           justice
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           people
           should
           have
           no
           justice
           at
           all
           .
           And
           then
           how
           absurd
           is
           it
           to
           teach
           that
           the
           people
           may
           lawfully
           seeke
           justice
           of
           him
           ,
           which
           they
           cannot
           receive
           ?
           and
           that
           he
           is
           bound
           to
           give
           justice
           ,
           but
           none
           are
           allowed
           by
           whom
           he
           may
           give
           it
           ?
        
         
           Fourthly
           ,
           This
           Doctrine
           of
           not
           Acting
           is
           the
           very
           Doctrine
           of
           Levelling
           .
           For
           when
           no
           man
           may
           Act
           to
           give
           justice
           ,
           may
           not
           every
           man
           take
           freely
           from
           his
           Neighbour
           ,
           what
           he
           list
           ,
           and
           so
           levell
           the
           Rich
           with
           the
           Poor
           ?
           unlesse
           this
           make
           it
           unlike
           ,
           because
           worse
           then
           Levelling
           ,
           That
           those
           who
           have
           most
           force
           ,
           will
           have
           most
           ;
           yea
           some
           all
           ,
           and
           others
           nothing
           ;
           and
           so
           to
           avoid
           Acting
           under
           a
           supposed
           Tyrannical
           Government
           unto
           justice
           and
           order
           ;
           there
           shall
           be
           Tyrants
           in
           every
           place
           or
           parish
           ,
           who
           shall
           Act
           to
           disorder
           and
           oppression
           ,
           and
           no
           property
           ,
           justice
           ,
           nor
           Government
           at
           all
           left
           amongst
           us
           .
           And
           surely
           I
           thinke
           
             David
          
           out
           of
           his
           love
           to
           Israel
           would
           not
           have
           wished
           such
           an
           Estate
           ,
           to
           Israel
           under
           
             Absalom
             ,
          
           had
           he
           the
           whole
           in
           possession
           ,
           and
           himselfe
           no
           force
           on
           foote
           to
           recover
           it
           ;
           nor
           would
           he
           have
           desired
           such
           an
           unsettlement
           to
           procure
           his
           settlement
           .
           And
           hence
           ariseth
           that
           which
           they
           call
           an
           Interpretative
           consent
           of
           the
           people
           ;
           because
           it
           is
           understood
           and
           supposed
           that
           every
           rational
           man
           doth
           consent
           ,
           that
           there
           should
           
           be
           order
           ,
           property
           and
           right
           given
           to
           every
           Member
           of
           a
           Common-Wealth
           under
           a
           Tyrant
           ,
           rather
           then
           all
           to
           be
           under
           confusion
           oppression
           ,
           Robberies
           ,
           &
           Murders
           .
        
         
           Fifthly
           ,
           
           how
           could
           
             Ezra
          
           and
           
             Nehemiah
          
           justifie
           their
           Acting
           under
           the
           Persian
           Monarch
           ,
           who
           had
           no
           right
           to
           the
           Crown
           of
           
             Iudah
          
           either
           by
           blood
           or
           just
           conquest
           ?
           Yet
           
             Ezra
          
           was
           authorized
           by
           him
           to
           set
           Magistrates
           ,
           
           fine
           and
           imprison
           and
           put
           to
           death
           ;
           And
           he
           exerciseth
           authority
           ,
           in
           making
           the
           people
           of
           Israel
           to
           sweare
           ,
           and
           to
           enter
           into
           a
           Covenant
           ,
           &
           in
           sending
           forth
           a
           Proclamation
           to
           all
           the
           Children
           of
           the
           captivity
           ,
           that
           they
           should
           gather
           themselves
           together
           to
           Jerusalem
           ;
           And
           that
           whosoever
           would
           not
           come
           within
           three
           dayes
           ,
           all
           his
           substance
           should
           be
           forfeited
           .
           
             Nehemiah
          
           
           also
           Acts
           as
           Governour
           ,
           and
           rebuketh
           the
           Nobles
           ,
           and
           Rulers
           ,
           and
           sets
           a
           great
           assembly
           against
           them
           ,
           because
           of
           their
           usury
           .
           He
           also
           called
           the
           Priests
           and
           took
           an
           Oath
           to
           performe
           the
           promise
           of
           leaving
           that
           Vsury
           .
           He
           acknowledgeth
           also
           that
           he
           was
           Governour
           there
           about
           twelve
           yeares
           ,
           and
           he
           gave
           his
           Brother
           
             Hanani
          
           and
           
             Hanaiah
          
           Ruler
           of
           the
           Palace
           charge
           over
           Jerusalem
           .
           
           So
           he
           did
           both
           Act
           himselfe
           ,
           and
           others
           Acted
           under
           him
           .
           We
           finde
           also
           that
           at
           that
           time
           there
           were
           Rulers
           of
           the
           people
           that
           dwelt
           at
           Jerusalem
           ,
           and
           
             Nehemiah
          
           
           contended
           with
           the
           Rulers
           and
           Nobles
           ,
           made
           Treasurers
           ,
           commanded
           the
           Gates●to
           be
           shut
           before
           the
           Sabbath
           ,
           threatned
           to
           lay
           hands
           on
           the
           Merchants
           ,
           that
           lay
           at
           the
           Gates
           ,
           smote
           certaine
           of
           the
           Jewes
           ,
           and
           pluckt
           of
           their
           haire
           ,
           because
           having
           married
           wives
           of
           
             Ashdod
             ,
          
           their
           Children
           spake
           halfe
           in
           the
           language
           of
           
             Ashdod
             .
          
        
         
           Sixthly
           ,
           Let
           us
           heare
           what
           before
           these
           times
           and
           before
           our
           case
           was
           in
           being
           hath
           bin
           taught
           in
           point
           of
           Acting
           ;
           and
           upon
           what
           grounds
           it
           hath
           bin
           aproved
           .
           An
           author
           eminently
           learned
           and
           skilfull
           in
           the
           doctrine
           of
           
           lawgiving
           saith
           thus
           :
           
           
             No
             man
             may
             punish
             or
             condemn
             another
             even
             with
             a
             just
             punishment
             ,
             except
             he
             have
             publique
             power
             ,
             which
             a
             Tyrant
             cannot
             give
             .
             But
             in
             this
             there
             must
             be
             a
             consideration
             or
             subdistinction
             .
             For
             in
             rigor
             this
             is
             true
             as
             to
             the
             Tyrants
             part
             ;
             yet
             it
             so
             happens
             that
             the
             Common-wealth
             because
             it
             cannot
             resist
             him
             ,
             doth
             tolerate
             him
             ,
             and
             suffers
             it selfe
             to
             be
             Governed
             by
             him
             ;
             and
             doth
             tacitely
             consent
             ,
             and
             will
             that
             justice
             be
             administred
             by
             him
             ,
             for
             the
             reason
             already
             touched
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             a
             lesse
             evill
             to
             be
             Governed
             by
             him
             ,
             then
             altogether
             to
             want
             just
             coaction
             and
             direction
             ;
             and
             then
             it
             shall
             not
             be
             a
             sin
             to
             obey
             even
             in
             the
             things
             aforesaid
             ,
             because
             the
             consent
             of
             the
             Common-wealth
             doth
             supply
             the
             defect
             of
             the
             Tyrants
             power
             .
          
        
         
           
             Another
             thus
             ,
          
           
           That
           his
           sentences
           are
           valid
           ,
           is
           proved
           .
           Because
           his
           sentences
           ,
           and
           just
           commands
           although
           they
           have
           not
           force
           from
           a
           Tyrannicall
           power
           ,
           yet
           they
           have
           it
           from
           elsewhere
           .
           First
           ,
           and
           inchoatively
           from
           the
           law
           of
           nature
           ,
           which
           such
           a
           State
           of
           things
           being
           supposed
           ,
           doth
           dictate
           that
           obedience
           must
           be
           given
           for
           the
           Common
           good
           ,
           otherwise
           all
           will
           be
           full
           of
           Thefts
           and
           Roberies
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           and
           compleately
           from
           the
           Common-wealth
           ;
           and
           that
           either
           because
           while
           that
           State
           endures
           ,
           it
           gives
           authority
           to
           him
           by
           a
           tacite
           consent
           ,
           while
           it
           will's
           that
           he
           administer
           justice
           ,
           and
           use
           his
           usurped
           Office
           in
           a
           due
           maner
           ,
           or
           rather
           because
           it
           doth
           tacitely
           approve
           his
           commands
           ,
           and
           Acts
           being
           agreeable
           to
           the
           Lawes
           and
           Common
           good
           ,
           and
           will's
           that
           his
           just
           sentences
           ,
           whereby
           the
           suites
           of
           the
           people
           are
           decided
           ,
           and
           the
           guilty
           are
           punished
           ,
           shall
           be
           valid
           and
           binde
           the
           subjects
           ;
           for
           except
           they
           were
           valid
           and
           did
           binde
           ,
           no
           man
           would
           obey
           ,
           but
           onely
           in
           shew
           
           but
           every
           man
           would
           secretly
           doe
           the
           contrary
           with
           a
           great
           inconvenience
           to
           the
           Common-wealth
           .
           Now
           the
           Common-wealth
           may
           give
           this
           force
           to
           the
           sentences
           ,
           and
           Acts
           of
           a
           Tyrant
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           superiour
           to
           all
           single
           persons
           ,
           though
           it
           be
           opprest
           with
           Tyranny
           ,
           and
           may
           account
           the
           just
           sentence
           of
           a
           Tyrant
           as
           its
           owne
           .
        
         
           Thou
           wilt
           aske
           ,
           
           whether
           a
           Tyrant
           doe
           sinne
           the
           sin
           of
           murder
           ,
           and
           be
           bound
           to
           restitution
           ,
           if
           he
           put
           to
           death
           guilty
           persons
           ,
           or
           deprive
           them
           of
           their
           goods
           according
           to
           Law
           ?
           I
           answer
           negatively
           ;
           Because
           the
           Common-wealth
           doth
           tacitely
           give
           him
           authority
           hereunto
           ,
           while
           it
           doth
           consent
           ,
           and
           desire
           ,
           that
           this
           should
           be
           done
           by
           him
           .
        
         
           Thus
           is
           the
           authority
           of
           Acting
           in
           this
           case
           grounded
           upon
           a
           tacite
           or
           implyed
           consent
           ,
           which
           consent
           is
           the
           very
           dictate
           of
           nature
           or
           common
           reason
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           better
           to
           have
           some
           justice
           then
           none
           at
           all
           ,
           some
           coercive
           power
           and
           Government
           ,
           then
           that
           all
           be
           left
           to
           disorder
           ,
           violence
           ,
           and
           confusion
           .
           I
           will
           shut
           up
           all
           with
           the
           result
           of
           a
           disputation
           more
           full
           and
           comprehensive
           ,
           then
           most
           I
           have
           met
           with
           on
           this
           subject
           .
           And
           therein
           I
           present
           to
           consideration
           ,
           First
           ,
           The
           moment
           and
           weight
           of
           the
           
           Authors
           reasons
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           The
           probability
           and
           likely-hood
           of
           the
           clearenesse
           of
           his
           reasons
           ;
           bebause
           they
           seeme
           to
           proceed
           from
           a
           judgement
           cleare
           and
           free
           from
           the
           Byas
           of
           affection
           .
           Yea
           his
           judgement
           herein
           did
           swim
           against
           the
           streame
           of
           his
           affection
           ;
           for
           he
           perswades
           an
           obedience
           to
           the
           Government
           of
           a
           Governor
           that
           he
           loved
           not
           .
           And
           I
           wish
           this
           Ingenuity
           and
           clearenesse
           ,
           were
           at
           least
           no
           lesse
           amongst
           us
           .
        
         
           He
           wrote
           in
           the
           raigne
           of
           Queene
           
             Elizabeth
          
           to
           whom
           in
           the
           language
           of
           
             Rome
          
           he
           gives
           the
           terme
           of
           impious
           ,
           &c.
           and
           takes
           notice
           of
           her
           as
           a
           Tyrant
           ,
           and
           by
           sentence
           of
           the
           Church
           turned
           out
           of
           all
           right
           to
           princely
           authority
           ,
           yet
           after
           some
           praevious
           Assertions
           concerning
           this
           subject
           ,
           he
           comes
           to
        
         
           
             A
             fourth
             Assertion
             .
          
           
        
         
           To
           a
           Tyrant
           in
           
             facto
             esse
          
           (
           or
           possession
           )
           by
           Tyrannicall
           usurping
           a
           Kingdome
           ,
           
           or
           tyrannicall
           holding
           it
           ,
           being
           by
           the
           sentence
           of
           the
           Church
           deposed
           from
           it
           ,
           but
           yet
           governing
           because
           he
           cannot
           be
           repelled
           by
           the
           subjects
           ,
           The
           people
           are
           bound
           in
           Conscience
           to
           give
           obedience
           ,
           if
           he
           command
           and
           decree
           things
           that
           are
           just
           .
        
         
           
             Having
             laid
             down
             this
             Assertion
             ,
          
           
           
             he
             proceeds
             thus
             ;
          
           As
           Christians
           dwelling
           in
           
             Asia
             ,
          
           are
           bound
           to
           obey
           the
           just
           lawes
           of
           the
           Turke
           ,
           and
           the
           Catholikes
           in
           
             England
             ,
          
           the
           just
           lawes
           of
           that
           Impious
           Queene
           ;
           This
           is
           thus
           proved
           ;
           
           The
           people
           are
           bound
           in
           conscience
           to
           agree
           unto
           ,
           and
           observe
           those
           things
           which
           are
           altogether
           necessary
           ,
           to
           their
           Common-wealth
           ,
           either
           simply
           and
           absolutely
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           for
           that
           State
           wherein
           they
           are
           .
           But
           to
           obey
           a
           Tyrant
           ,
           commanding
           just
           things
           as
           long
           as
           he
           cannot
           be
           repelled
           ,
           and
           a
           lawfull
           Prince
           obtained
           ,
           is
           for
           that
           State
           and
           Time
           altogether
           necessary
           to
           the
           Common-wealth
           ,
           for
           the
           preservation
           of
           it
           .
           Therefore
           the
           people
           are
           bound
           to
           obey
           him
           .
           The
           Major
           with
           the
           consequences
           is
           manifest
           .
           The
           minor
           is
           proved
           :
           First
           ,
           because
           that
           a
           Tyrant
           being
           powerfull
           in
           strength
           ,
           and
           now
           peaceably
           ruling
           ,
           there
           would
           follow
           an
           extreame
           perturbation
           ,
           and
           confusion
           in
           the
           Common-wealth
           by
           not
           obeying
           him
           ;
           and
           the
           people
           should
           more
           hurt
           their
           Common-wealth
           by
           not
           obeying
           then
           the
           Tyrant
           himself
           ,
           when
           he
           commands
           just
           things
           ,
           by
           his
           Tyranny
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           
           Because
           to
           the
           good
           Government
           of
           a
           Common-wealth
           ,
           especially
           when
           things
           are
           so
           desperate
           and
           deplorable
           ,
           it
           is
           requisite
           ,
           as
           an
           onely
           remedy
           ,
           that
           there
           be
           a
           judge
           which
           should
           compose
           strifes
           and
           controversies
           among
           the
           people
           ,
           and
           to
           whom
           all
           then
           should
           give
           obedience
           ;
           otherwise
           men
           in
           such
           a
           time
           could
           not
           live
           civilly
           ,
           nor
           be
           secure
           in
           their
           Houses
           ;
           a
           lodger
           could
           not
           be
           safe
           from
           him
           ,
           with
           whom
           he
           lodgeth
           ,
           nor
           a
           Neighbour
           from
           his
           Neighbour
           :
           But
           at
           such
           a
           time
           no
           other
           judge
           may
           be
           had
           that
           may
           performe
           this
           but
           
           the
           Tyrant
           .
           Therefore
           when
           he
           commands
           just
           things
           ,
           the
           people
           are
           bound
           not
           onely
           outwardly
           ,
           but
           even
           in
           conscience
           to
           obey
           him
           .
        
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           
           When
           a
           Tyrant
           doth
           now
           peacebly
           govern
           and
           cannot
           be
           repelled
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           a
           great
           scandall
           and
           perturbation
           to
           the
           Common-wealth
           not
           to
           obey
           him
           .
           And
           it
           is
           thus
           proved
           ;
           In
           the
           common
           opinion
           of
           Doctors
           there
           is
           this
           difference
           betweene
           an
           expresse
           consent
           of
           the
           Common-wealth
           and
           an
           interpretative
           ,
           that
           an
           expresse
           consent
           is
           required
           to
           choose
           a
           person
           ,
           and
           make
           him
           a
           true
           Prince
           ;
           But
           that
           Subjects
           be
           bound
           to
           obey
           ,
           even
           one
           that
           is
           not
           a
           true
           Prince
           ,
           an
           interpretative
           consent
           is
           sufficient
           ,
           because
           the
           publique
           good
           of
           their
           Common-wealth
           doth
           require
           it
           .
           For
           rationally
           and
           prudently
           people
           are
           judged
           to
           consent
           to
           those
           things
           that
           are
           necessary
           for
           their
           Common-wealth
           ;
           But
           in
           this
           case
           (
           as
           it
           is
           plaine
           )
           it
           is
           most
           expedient
           for
           the
           peace
           and
           good
           of
           the
           Common-wealth
           that
           people
           should
           obey
           such
           a
           Tyrant
           .
           Therefore
           at
           le●st
           by
           an
           interpretative
           consent
           they
           are
           bound
           in
           conscience
           to
           performe
           and
           obey
           his
           just
           and
           honest
           commands
           .
        
         
           All
           these
           things
           are
           confirmed
           ;
           First
           ,
           
           out
           of
           the
           sacred
           Scriptures
           ,
           out
           of
           which
           and
           Histories
           it
           is
           manifest
           
           that
           the
           
             Romans
          
           by
           Tyranny
           did
           possesse
           
             Iudea
          
           in
           that
           very
           time
           wherein
           
             Christ
          
           and
           
             John
          
           Baptist
           did
           preach
           ;
           But
           neither
           
             Christ
          
           nor
           
             John
          
           nor
           the
           
             Apostles
          
           did
           teach
           that
           the
           people
           should
           not
           obey
           them
           ,
           but
           the
           contrary
           .
           
             Christ
             ,
             Matthew
          
           22.
           did
           teach
           that
           Triubte
           was
           to
           be
           given
           to
           
             Caesar
             ,
          
           yea
           himself
           did
           give
           it
           .
           Neither
           did
           he
           say
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           free
           ,
           because
           obedience
           should
           not
           be
           given
           to
           one
           that
           Tyrannically
           Reigned
           ,
           but
           because
           he
           was
           the
           Son
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           of
           David
           .
           Iohn
           Baptist
           ,
           
             Luk.
          
           3
           ,
           when
           the
           Souldiers
           (
           which
           no
           doubt
           were
           the
           Souldiers
           of
           the
           Romanes
           )
           did
           aske
           of
           him
           what
           they
           should
           doe
           ,
           he
           did
           not
           command
           them
           to
           quit
           their
           Souldiery
           as
           servants
           of
           a
           Prince
           that
           was
           a
           Tyrant
           ,
           but
           this
           onely
           that
           they
           should
           doe
           violence
           to
           no
           man
           a●d
           be
           content
           with
           their
           wages
           .
           Wherein
           he
           did
           rather
           perswade
           them
           to
           continue
           in
           the
           service
           of
           
             Caesar
             .
          
           Moreover
           ,
           Christ
           said
           unto
           
             Pilate
          
           who
           had
           no
           authority
           but
           from
           
             Caesar
             ,
          
           thou
           shouldst
           have
           no
           power
           of
           me
           ,
           
             &c.
          
           and
           1
           
             Pet.
          
           2.
           
           Be
           ye
           subject
           either
           to
           the
           King
           as
           supreame
           ,
           or
           unto
           Governors
           as
           those
           that
           are
           sent
           by
           him
           .
           Now
           there
           was
           no
           King
           then
           but
           
             Caesar
             ,
          
           nor
           any
           Governor
           but
           such
           as
           was
           appointed
           by
           him
           .
        
         
           Lastly
           ,
           
           to
           an
           Argument
           objecting
           that
           the
           judgement
           of
           a
           Tyrant
           is
           of
           his
           part
           usurped
           and
           void
           because
           his
           authority
           is
           usurped
           he
           saith
           :
           That
           nevertheles
           
           on
           the
           peoples
           part
           they
           ought
           in
           conscience
           to
           obey
           him
           ,
           if
           his
           sentence
           were
           Iust
           and
           his
           Iudgement
           lawfull
           ,
           because
           the
           people
           are
           bound
           to
           chuse
           a
           lesse
           temporall
           evill
           to
           avoid
           a
           greater
           .
           By
           the
           lesse
           evill
           which
           is
           obeying
           him
           ,
           they
           avoid
           the
           perturbation
           of
           the
           Common-wealth
           ,
           which
           would
           be
           a
           much
           greater
           evill
           ▪
           And
           againe
           ,
           because
           his
           judgements
           may
           in
           some
           reason
           be
           called
           the
           judgements
           of
           a
           true
           judge
           inasmuch
           as
           he
           is
           tollerated
           of
           the
           Common-wealth
           by
           an
           interpretative
           consent
           ,
           which
           is
           sufficient
           that
           the
           people
           are
           bound
           to
           obey
           him
           in
           conscience
           ,
           whence
           also
           it
           doth
           follow
           that
           not
           onely
           the
           people
           ought
           to
           obey
           him
           in
           conscience
           ,
           but
           that
           the
           Tyrant
           himselfe
           which
           giveth
           such
           judgements
           doth
           not
           sin
           ,
           yea
           rather
           he
           should
           sin
           if
           he
           did
           not
           give
           them
           ,
           as
           long
           as
           he
           retaineth
           the
           Office
           of
           a
           Prince
           ,
           though
           he
           be
           bou●d
           in
           conscience
           to
           leave
           his
           principality
           ,
           or
           endeavor
           by
           honest
           meanes
           ,
           that
           by
           the
           Common-wealth
           he
           may
           be
           chosen
           for
           their
           Prince
           .
        
         
           
             A
             taking
             leave
             of
             this
             subject
             .
          
           
             I
             have
             (
             I
             confesse
             )
             in
             this
             subject
             gone
             out
             of
             the
             ordinary
             path
             of
             my
             employments
             in
             meditation
             and
             writing
             ,
             but
             I
             did
             it
             occasionally
             out
             of
             zeale
             to
             peace
             ;
             and
             that
             which
             I
             beleeve
             to
             be
             truth
             ;
             being
             very
             sorry
             to
             see
             well
             meaning
             and
             
             (
             I
             hope
             )
             pious
             persons
             ,
             by
             not
             obeying
             ,
             swiftly
             and
             resolutely
             to
             goe
             out
             of
             the
             way
             of
             Peace
             ,
             and
             (
             as
             I
             suppose
             )
             of
             truth
             ;
             At
             least
             it
             seemed
             to
             me
             a
             sad
             thing
             that
             those
             who
             had
             not
             searched
             the
             grounds
             of
             that
             which
             they
             held
             to
             be
             truth
             ,
             yet
             did
             certainely
             endanger
             the
             losse
             of
             peace
             for
             that
             which
             they
             had
             not
             searched
             ,
             and
             by
             searching
             found
             certainely
             to
             be
             truth
             .
             Yet
             I
             wonder
             not
             much
             if
             truth
             in
             this
             point
             be
             not
             commonly
             knowne
             in
             this
             Nation
             ,
             since
             amongst
             the
             Protestants
             in
             this
             Nation
             for
             these
             last
             fourescore
             years
             there
             hath
             been
             little
             debate
             of
             it
             .
             But
             having
             gathered
             the
             substance
             and
             summe
             of
             those
             grounds
             which
             in
             my
             judgement
             make
             out
             this
             truth
             ,
             That
             it
             is
             lawfull
             to
             obey
             the
             present
             Government
             ,
             and
             having
             shewed
             that
             this
             truth
             hath
             beene
             anciently
             held
             and
             is
             not
             newly
             invented
             to
             serve
             present
             turnes
             ,
             and
             that
             either
             it
             may
             be
             beleeved
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             not
             condemned
             ,
             unheard
             and
             unknowne
             ,
             I
             shall
             now
             desire
             leave
             to
             retire
             and
             return
             to
             my
             more
             proper
             worke
             ,
             whereof
             I
             have
             so
             much
             in
             my
             hands
             that
             I
             cannot
             well
             expect
             a
             life
             now
             come
             farre
             into
             the
             yeare
             accounted
             to
             be
             the
             terme
             of
             life
             should
             have
             time
             to
             dispatch
             .
             If
             the
             grounds
             proposed
             be
             sound
             (
             as
             we
             have
             seene
             them
             thought
             so
             by
             men
             of
             great
             judgement
             )
             I
             hope
             they
             will
             stand
             against
             all
             waves
             and
             winds
             ,
             and
             they
             will
             finde
             Patrons
             who
             have
             both
             strength
             of
             body
             and
             minde
             to
             maintaine
             them
             ;
             if
             they
             be
             proved
             unsound
             ,
             I
             would
             not
             mainetaine
             them
             if
             I
             could
             .
          
           
             FINIS
             .
          
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A57696e-120
           
             Rom.
             13.
             
          
           
             Potestatis
             nomine
             ,
             intelligo
             Magistratum
             ,
             qui
             est
             cum
             porestate
             &
             autoritate
             ;
             maluit
             ●amen
             Apostolus
             ipsam
             potestatem
             nominare
             quàm
             hominem
             ,
             &c.
             R●lloc
             .
             in
             locum
             .
          
           
             1
             Tim.
             
             ●
             .
             ●
             .
          
           
             Acts.
             18.
             1.
             2.
             
          
           
             Timore
             cadis
             exterritus
             prorepsit
             ad
             solari●m
             pr●ximum
             ,
             interque
             praetenta
             foribus
             vela
             se
             abdidit
             ;
             la●entem
             ,
             discurrens
             sorte
             gregarius
             miles
             ●im●dversis
             pedibus
             ,
             èstudio
             sciscitandi
             quisnam
             esset
             ,
             agnovit
             ,
             extractumque
             &
             prae
             metu
             ad
             gen●a
             sibi
             accidentem
             Imperatorem
             saluta
             .
             vit.
             Hinc
             ad
             alios
             commilitones
             fl●ctuantes
             ,
             nec
             quic
             quam
             ad
             huc
             quàm
             frementes
             perduxit
             .
             Ab
             his
             lecticae
             impositus
             ,
             &
             quia
             servi
             diffugerant
             ,
             vicissim
             succollantibus
             ,
             in
             castra
             delatus
             est
             .
             tristis
             ac
             trepidus
             miserante
             obvia
             turba
             ,
             quasi
             ad
             paenam
             raperetur
             insons
             .
             Receptus
             intrae
             vallum
             inter
             excubias
             militum
             pernoctavit
             ,
             aliquanto
             minore
             spe
             quàm
             fiducia
             .
             Nam
             Consule
             cum
             Senatu
             ,
             &
             cohorribus
             urbanis
             forum
             capitoliumque
             occuparunt
             ,
             asser●uri
             comunem
             liber●atem
             ,
             accitusque
             &
             ipse
             per
             Tribunum
             plebis
             in
             curiam
             ad
             suadenda
             quae
             viderenter
             ,
             vi
             se
             &
             necessitate
             teneri
             respondit
             .
             Verum
             postero
             die
             Senatu
             segniore
             in
             exequendis
             c●natibus
             per
             taedium
             ac
             dissentionem
             diversa
             censentium
             &
             multitudine
             quae
             circumstabat
             ,
             unum
             rectorem
             jam
             &
             nominatim
             exposcente
             ,
             a●matus
             proconciene
             jurare
             in
             nomen
             suum
             passus
             est
             ,
             promisitque
             singulis
             q●i●adena
             
               H.
               S.
            
             primus
             Caesarum
             fi●em
             militis
             ,
             etiam
             premio
             pigneratus
             .
             
               Sueton
               in
               Claudio
               .
            
             Agrippina
             velut
             dolore
             victa
             ,
             &
             solatia
             conquirens
             ,
             tenere
             amplexu
             Britannicum
             ,
             veram
             paterni
             o●is
             effigiem
             appellare
             ,
             &c.
             &
             Antoniam
             quoque
             &
             Octaviam
             atti●uit
             ,
             &
             cunctos
             aditus
             cust●diis
             clouserat
             ,
             crebroque
             vulgaba●
             ire
             in
             melius
             valetu
             dinem
             principis
             ,
             quò
             miles
             bo●a
             in
             spe●●ge●et
             ,
             tem
             usque
             prosperum
             ex
             monitis
             Chaldaeorum
             attentaret
             .
             Tunc
             medio
             die●
             ,
             tertio
             ante
             idus
             Octobr.
             foribus
             pala●ii
             repente
             diductis
             ,
             comitante
             
               Burrho
               Nero
            
             egreditur
             ad
             cohortem
             ,
             quae
             more
             mili●i●
             excubiis
             adest
             ,
             ubi
             monente
             praefecto
             ,
             festis
             vocibu●
             exceptus
             ,
             inditur
             lecticae
             .
             Dubitavisse
             quosdam
             ferunt
             resp●ctantes
             rogitanesque
             ubi
             Britannicus
             esset
             ?
             Mox●nullo
             in
             diversum
             auctore
             ,
             quae
             offerrebantur
             secuti
             sunt
             .
             Illatusquecastris
             
               Nero
               ,
            
             &
             congruen●ia
             tempori
             praefatus
             ,
             promisso
             donativo
             ad●
             exemplum
             paternae
             largitionis
             Impe●ator
             consalu●atur
             .
             Sententiam
             militum
             ecuta
             patrum
             cousul●a
             ,
             nec
             dubita●um
             est
             apud
             provi●cias
             .
             
               Tacit.
               Annal.
               Lib.
            
             12.
             
          
           
             See
             Speed
             in
             
               H.
            
             7.
             n.
             1.
             
             &
             Seq.
          
           
             
               Dicendum
               est
               ,
               licitè
               subditos
               ab
               eo
               (
               qui●y
               rannus
               jure
               &
               titulo
               est
               )
               jus
               pe●ere
               ,
               quià
               quamvis
               jus
               &
               titulum
               non
               habeat
               ,
               respublica
               tamen
               tacitè
               consemit
               in
               hoc
               ut
               civibus
               ipsi
               Tyranno
               ,
               Facto
               ,
               non
               jure
               subditis
               ,
               jus
               dicat
               ,
               a●si
               esset
               competens
               j●dex
               &
               ●legitimus
               superior
               .
               Item
               ,
               si
               mandat●
               tyranni
               sint
               aequa
               ,
               &
               justa
               ,
               parendum
               est
               .
               Azor.
               Inst.
               Mor.
               Par.
               2.
               Lib.
               11.
               
               Cap.
               5.
               
               Non
               peceat
               subditus
               tyranni
               ,
               qui
               dominium
               &
               jurisdictionem
               alicujus
               di●ionis
               usurpavit
               ,
               petendo
               ab
               eo
               justitiae
               administrationem
               ,
               &c.
               Si
               quidem
               dat
               operem
               ut
               qui
               pe●●at
               jurisdictionem
               usurpando
               ,
               non
               peccet
               etiam
               justitiae
               administrationem
               praetermittendo
               ;
               Ex
               Navarri
               manual
               .
               cap.
               1●
               .
               n.
               41.
               
            
             
               Si
               mandata
               principis
               ,
               alioqui
               Tyanni
               ,
               sint
               aequa
               &
               justa
               ,
               parendum
               est
               .
               
                 Alsted
                 .
                 Theol.
                 Cas.
                 Cap.
              
               17.
               
            
          
           
             Civilem
             &
             ●erilem
             expresso
             verbo
             sanxit
             .
             
               Gen.
            
             9.
             
          
           
             
               Qui
               sanguiuem
               hominis
               fuderit
               ,
               ejus
               sanguis
               etiam
               fundetur
               a●
               homine
               .
               Non
               u●ique
               à
               quovis
               ;
               prohibuit
               enim
               ,
               non
               occides
               :
               Sed
               à
               Magistratu
               divin●●us
               ordinato
               .
               Nec
               refert
               quibus
               modis
               vel
               ar●ibus
               Nimrod
               ,
               Ierob●am
               ,
               ou●
               alii
               regna
               sibi
               paraverint
               .
               Nam
               aliud
               est
               po●estas
               quae
               à
               Deo
               est
               ;
               aliud
               acquisitio
               et
               usus
               potestatis
               .
               P●rae
               .
               in
               
                 Rom.
              
               13.
               
            
             
               Potestatis
               Nimrodi
               initium
               fuit
               quidem
               malum
               ,
               &c.
               Quum
               igitur
               quaeritur
               cui
               parendum
               ,
               non
               est
               spectandum
               qualis
               sit
               qui
               potestatem
               exercet
               ,
               nec
               quo
               jare
               vel
               in
               injuriâ
               ,
               quis
               potestatem
               in
               vaso●it
               ,
               quave
               ratione
               eam
               administret
               ,
               sed
               tantum
               si
               potestatem
               habeat
               .
               Si
               enim
               quis
               potestate
               ●lle●
               ,
               ●am
               in
               dubitatum
               est
               illum
               adeo
               cam
               potestatem
               accepisse
               ,
               unde
               si●e
               omni
               exce●tio
               ne
               illite
               permi●●as
               opertet
               &
               pareas
               exanimo
               .
               
                 Bucer
                 in
                 Rom.
              
               13.
               
            
          
           
             Ex
             Apostolo
             estensum
             christian●cum
             quaeritur
             cui
             parendum
             ,
             in
             hoc
             unum
             respiciend●m
             esse
             ,
             quisnam
             ibi
             ,
             u●bi
             ipse
             agit
             ,
             potestatem
             habeat
             .
             
               id
               .
               Ibid.
               
            
          
           
             Fit
             frequenter
             ut
             ,
             vel
             alieni
             vel
             in●igene
             ,
             〈◊〉
             seditiones
             aut
             vi
             operta
             Remp
             invadant
             .
             At
             quicquid
             horum
             sit
             ,
             non
             est
             sub
             ditorum
             vel
             Reip.
             forman
             mutare
             velle
             pro
             suo
             arbitrio
             ,
             vel
             de
             sui
             principis
             jure
             seditiosius
             distu●a●
             ,
             sed
             simpliciter
             
               Praesentibus
               Magistratibus
            
             obe●ire
             debeut
             in
             omnibus
             quae
             illaesa
             con●cien●i●
             ,
             &
             salvâ
             pietate
             fieri
             possant
             ,
             
               Gaulter
               in
               Rom.
            
             13.
             
          
           
             Vide●ur
             Apostolus
             voluisse
             tollere
             frivol●m
             hominum
             curiositatem
             ,
             qui
             saepe
             solent
             inquirere
             ,
             quo
             jure
             adepti
             fuerint
             potestatem
             ,
             qui
             rerum
             potinatur
             .
             Satis
             qutem
             nobis
             esse
             debit
             quod
             praesum
             .
             Non
             enim
             cons●enderunt
             sua
             ipsi
             virtute
             ad
             hoc
             fa●●igium
             sed
             monu
             domi●i
             sunt
             impositi
             .
             
               Calvin
               in
               Ro.
            
             13.
             
          
           
             Nihil
             hic
             auxie
             dispu●andum
             est
             quo
             jure
             ,
             quive
             injuriâ
             principes
             adepti
             sint
             potestatem
             suam
             Illud
             potius
             agendum
             est
             ,
             ut
             Magistatus
             
               Praesentes
            
             revereamur
             ,
             Haec
             enim
             Epistola
             scribebatur
             ,
             cum
             Romani
             jam
             adepti●ssen●
             imperium
             ocbis
             terrarum
             ,
             quod
             eos
             per
             vim
             scimus
             occupasse
             ,
             &
             posteà
             Imperatores
             a●●ib●s
             ●ihilo
             melio●ibus
             rerum
             summam
             ad
             se
             pertraxisse
             .
             Paulus
             tamen
             sine
             omni
             exceptione
             praecipit
             obedie
             d●m
             esse
             magistratibus
             .
             
               Pet.
               Martyr
               in
               Rom.
            
             13.
             
          
           
             Ad
             pauca
             respicien●es
             è
             facili
             judicant
             .
          
           
             Attestatur
             hoc
             esse
             lici●um
             c●●n
             unis
             usus
             Omnium
             qui
             sub
             Tyrannis
             &
             dubjis
             dominus
             degunt
             dum
             absque
             conscientiae
             scrupulo
             passim
             omnes
             ad
             ●yrannos
             &
             dubios
             dominos
             recurrunt
             ,
             acsi
             essent
             Domini
             .
             Caje●
             .
             Sum.
             Verbo
             Tyrannus
             .
          
           
             What
             right
             had
             
               William
            
             surnamed
             the
             Conqueror
             ?
             what
             right
             (
             we
             speake
             of
             a
             Right
             of
             equity
             )
             had
             his
             Son
             
               William
            
             the
             second
             ,
             and
             
               Henry
            
             the
             first
             ,
             while
             their
             elder
             brother
             lived
             ,
             &c.
             
             Parliaments
             as
             Kingdomes
             ,
             give
             their
             voice
             with
             power
             ;
             &
             he
             who
             hath
             the
             force
             doth
             commonly
             carryed
             the
             effect
             of
             Right
             Speed
             in
             
               H.
            
             4.
             
             The
             King
             (
             
               H
            
             7.
             )
             made
             speed
             to
             
               London
            
             as
             to
             the
             chiefe
             seate
             and
             Epitome
             of
             the
             English
             Monarchy
             ,
             &c.
             
             The
             Mayor
             of
             
               London
            
             and
             his
             Fellowship
             received
             him
             in
             Violet
             at
             
               Ho●nesey
            
             Parke
             ;
             but
             his
             entrance
             (
             which
             was
             at
             
               Shordi●ch
            
             )
             was
             honoured
             with
             a
             very
             great
             troope
             of
             the
             Peeres
             and
             Nobles
             in
             his
             Trayne
             ,
             &c.
             
             The
             whole
             House
             of
             Parliament
             concurring
             finally
             in
             establishing
             by
             a
             solemne
             Act
             ,
             the
             Crowne
             upon
             him
             and
             his
             Heires
             for
             ever
             .
             
               Id.
            
             in
             
               H.
            
             7.
             
          
           
             Regula
             juris
             .
             Impossibilium
             ●ullaest
             oblgatio
             
          
           
             Psal.
             78.
             34.
             
          
           
             Mr.
             
               Carill
            
             in
             his
             Sermon
             upon
             
               Nehe.
            
             9.
             38
             concerning
             the
             Covenant
             .
          
           
             Octob.
             6.
             1643
             
          
           
             Quando
             res
             illa
             quam
             quis
             jurame●●o
             confirmavit
             ,
             est
             nimis
             ardua
             ;
             aut
             quando
             quis
             qui
             juravit
             ,
             ex
             mutatione
             virium
             vel
             for●●ae
             effectu●
             est
             parum
             a●●us
             ad
             id
             exequendum
             ;
             aut
             deniq
             ,
             quando
             res
             juramen●o
             confirmata
             est
             juranti
             impedime●o
             ,
             n●
             bono
             publico
             consulat
             ,
             tunc
             est
             legitima
             caus●
             dispensandi
             in
             jur●mento
             .
             
               Sayr
               .
               lib.
               ●
               .
               c.
               8.
               n.
            
             12.
             
          
           
             Si
             id
             quod
             jura
             mus
             primò
             fueri●li
             ci●um
             ,
             poste●
             causis
             aliis
             intervenientibus
             illicitum
             ●i
             at
             ,
             aut
             etiam
             impossibile
             ,
             tum
             nullo
             modo
             conscientiam
             obligat
             .
             
               Alsted
               .
               cap
               :
               15.
               n.
            
             13.
             
          
           
             Iusjurandum
             in
             foro
             conscientiae
             semper
             est
             interpretandum
             juxta
             mentem
             jurantis
             ;
             at
             inforo
             exteriori
             seu
             ju
             diciali
             semper
             est
             judicandum
             secundum
             communem
             sensum
             ,
             quem
             ipsa
             verba
             reddunt
             ,
             &
             secundum
             communem
             hominum
             usum
             .
          
           
             Alsted
             .
             cap.
             15
             n.
             13.
             
          
           
             And
             one
             who
             hath
             lately
             written
             for
             infant
             Baptisme
             ,
             according
             to
             our
             Saviours
             rule
             of
             salt
             ,
             and
             peace
             ,
             with
             sharp
             reasons
             and
             milde
             language
             ,
             hath
             these
             words
             .
             If
             one
             of
             our
             late
             Kings
             Sons
             should
             be
             crowned
             King
             of
             
               Scotland
            
             or
             
               Ireland
            
             onely
             ,
             he
             could
             not
             be
             said
             to
             succeed
             the
             King
             of
             
               England
               ;
            
             because
             the
             subject
             of
             his
             Government
             in
             regard
             of
             latitude
             ,
             is
             changed
             ,
             and
             he
             comes
             not
             in
             his
             Fathers
             roome
             as
             King
             of
             
               England
               .
            
             Mr.
             
               Drew
               .
            
             page
             .
             32.
             
          
           
             See
             Master
             
               Aschams
            
             Discourse
             (
             that
             hath
             in
             it
             both
             judgement
             and
             learning
             )
             concerning
             possession
             ,
             
               part
               .
               1.
               chap.
            
             6.
             &
             
               sequ.
            
             &
             
               part
               2.
               ch.
               4.
               pa.
            
             88.
             
          
           
             Ezra
             7.
             25.
             
          
           
             Ezra
             10.
             7
             ,
             8.
             
          
           
             Neh.
             5.
             
             ●
             .
             &c.
             
          
           
             Neh.
             7.
             2.
             
          
           
             Neh.
             13.
             
          
           
             Nullus
             potest
             exequi
             vel
             condemnare
             alium
             etiam
             in
             poena
             justa
             ,
             nisi
             habe
             at
             publicam
             potestatem
             quam
             Tyrannus
             dare
             non
             potest
             .
             Sed
             in
             hoc
             etiam
             advertendum
             seu
             subdis●in
             guendum
             est
             .
             Nam
             hoc
             in
             rigore
             verum
             est
             ,
             quantum
             ex
             parte
             Tyranni
             ;
             contingit
             autem
             ut
             Resp.
             quia
             non
             potest
             illi
             resistere
             ,
             toleret
             illum
             &
             ab
             eo
             se
             gubernari
             sinat
             ,
             &
             tacitè
             consentiat
             ,
             ac
             veli●
             justitiam
             per
             ipsum
             administrari
             propter
             rationem
             tactam
             ,
             quia
             minus
             malum
             est
             per
             illum
             gubernari
             ,
             quàm
             omnino
             carere
             justa
             coactione
             ,
             &
             directio
             e
             ,
             &
             ●u●c
             non
             erit
             peccatum
             obedire
             etiam
             in
             dictis
             rebus
             ,
             quia
             Reip.
             consensus
             supplet
             defectum
             ,
             potestatis
             Tyranni
             .
             
               Suarez
               .
               de
               Leg.
               lib.
               3.
               cap.
            
             10.
             
          
           
             Sententias
             ejus
             esse
             validas
             probatur
             .
             Quia
             ejus
             sententiae
             &
             justa
             mandata
             et
             si
             non
             habent
             vim
             à
             Tyrannica
             potestate
             ,
             habent
             tamen
             aliunde
             primò
             &
             inchoative
             à
             jure
             Naturali
             ,
             quod
             supposito
             tali
             rerum
             statu
             ,
             dictat
             esse
             obtemperandum
             propter
             bonum
             commune
             ;
             alioqui
             omnia
             essent
             plena
             furtis
             e●
             latro●i●ijs
             .
             Secu●●
             &
             completè
             à
             republica
             ,
             idque
             vel
             quia
             durante
             illo
             statu
             ,
             tacito
             quodam
             consensu
             dai
             ei
             authoritatem
             ,
             dum
             vult
             ut
             ille
             justitiam
             administret
             ,
             &
             officio
             usurpato
             debito
             medo
             fungatur
             ,
             vel
             potius
             quia
             tacite
             approbat
             ejus
             mandata
             ,
             &
             acta
             ,
             legibus
             &
             utilitati
             communi
             consentanea
             ,
             &
             vul●
             sententias
             justas
             quibus
             lites
             civium
             dirimuntur
             ,
             &
             sontes
             plectantur
             ,
             esse
             valida●
             ,
             &
             subditos
             obligare
             nisi
             enim
             validae
             essent
             &
             obligarent
             ,
             nemo
             nisi
             in
             speciem
             ob●emperaret
             sed
             quisque
             occulte
             faceret
             contrarium
             ,
             cum
             magno
             Reipublicae
             incommodo
             potest
             autem
             Republica
             hanc
             vim
             sententiis
             &
             actis
             Tyranni
             dare
             ,
             quia
             est
             singulorum
             superior
             ,
             etiamsi
             Tyrannide
             sit
             oppressa
             ,
             &
             justas
             Tyranni
             sententias
             pro
             suis
             habere
             .
          
           
             Petes
             ,
             utrum
             Tyrannus
             peccet
             peccato
             homicidii
             ,
             &
             teneatur
             ad
             restitutionem
             ,
             si
             s●ntes
             secundum
             ordinem
             juris
             interficiat
             aut
             bonis
             spolier
             ?
             Respondeo
             ,
             negamus
             ;
             Quia
             Respublica
             tacitè
             ad
             hoc
             tribuit
             illi
             authoritatem
             dum
             consentit
             &
             cupi●
             ut
             hoc
             faciat
             .
             
               Le●●ius
               de
               Justitia
               &
               Jure
               ,
               lib.
               2.
               cap.
               25.
               
               Dubitat
               .
            
             9.
             
          
           
             Quarta
             assertio
             .
          
           
             Tyrann●
             in
             facto
             esse
             ,
             sive
             quia
             tyrannicè
             regnum
             usurpavit
             ,
             sive
             quia
             Tyranniceillud
             reti●et
             ,
             quo
             jam
             per
             sententiam
             Ecclesiae
             expoliatus
             est
             ,
             regnat
             autem
             quia
             à
             subditis
             non
             potest
             repelli
             ,
             tenentur
             cives
             in
             foro
             animae
             si
             justa
             pr●cipiat
             &
             judicet
             ,
             ●bedire
             .
          
           
             Vt
             Christiani
             degen●es
             Asiae
             tenentur
             justis
             Turcae
             ,
             &
             Catholici
             agentes
             Angliae
             ,
             legibus
             justis
             illius
             impiae
             Reginae
             obedire
             :
             Probatur
             .
             Tenentur
             Cives
             in
             conscientia
             consentire
             &
             servare
             ea
             quae
             sunt
             omnino
             necessaria
             suae
             Reip.
             vel
             simpliciter
             &
             absolute
             ,
             vel
             saltem
             pro
             tali
             statu
             :
             sed
             obedire
             Tyranno
             justa
             praecipienti
             quandiu
             repelli
             non
             potest
             ,
             &
             haberi
             legitimus
             princeps
             ,
             est
             pro
             tali
             statu
             &
             tempore
             omnino
             necessarium
             Rei●
             ▪
             ad
             ejus
             conservationem
             .
             Ergò
             tenentur
             cives
             illi
             obedire
             .
             Maior
             cum
             consequentia
             aper●a
             est
             ▪
             Minor
             probaiur
             .
             Primò
             quia
             cum
             Tyrannus
             ille
             sit
             poten●
             viribus
             ,
             &
             jam
             pacificè
             dominetur
             ,
             sequeretur
             maxima
             perturbatio
             ,
             &
             confusio
             in
             Republicâ
             non
             obediendo
             illi
             ,
             &
             plus
             no●erent
             cives
             suae
             Reip.
             non
             obediendo
             quam
             ipsemet
             Tyrannus
             cum
             justa
             praecipiat
             ,
             sua
             Tyrannide
             .
          
           
             Secundò
             ,
             quia
             ad
             bonam
             Reip.
             gubernationem
             maxime
             in
             rebus
             tam
             desperatis
             &
             deploratis
             ,
             expedit
             tanquam
             unicum
             remedium
             ut
             sit
             aliquis
             Iudex
             qui
             componat
             lites
             &
             controversias
             inter
             cives
             ,
             &
             cui
             ●uno
             omnes
             obediant
             aliter
             non
             possent
             homines
             tunc
             civiliter
             vivere
             ,
             nec
             securi
             esse
             in
             domibus
             suis
             ,
             non
             esset
             hospes
             ,
             ab
             hospite
             tutus
             ,
             n●e
             vicinus
             a
             vicino
             ;
             At
             tunc
             n●●
             potest
             haberi
             alius
             judex
             qui
             i●
             praeste●
             nisi
             ille
             Tyrannus
             .
             Ergo
             cum
             justa
             praecipiat
             ,
             non
             solum
             exterius
             ,
             verum
             etiam
             in
             conscientia
             tenentur
             ,
             cives
             obedire
             illi
             .
          
           
             Tertio
             quando
             Tyrannus
             jam
             pacifice
             gubernat
             nec
             potest
             repel●●
             esset
             grave
             sca●dalum
             ,
             &
             perturba●io
             Rep.
             illi
             non
             obedire
             .
             Et
             confirm
             .
             Hoc
             interest
             ex
             communi
             sententia
             
               D.
               D.
            
             inter
             consensum
             exp
             essum
             Riep
             ,
             et
             interpretativum
             ,
             quod
             expressus
             requiritur
             ut
             quis
             eligatur
             &
             instituatur
             ve●us
             princeps
             ,
             at
             ut
             subditi
             〈◊〉
             ●antur
             obedi
             re
             etiam
             non
             vero
             principi
             ,
             sufficit
             interpretativus
             ,
             quandoita
             exigit
             b●num
             commune
             suae
             Rep.
             quia
             rationaliter
             ▪
             &
             prudenter
             judicantur
             cives
             consentire
             in
             necessaria
             suae
             Reip.
             
             Sed.
             in
             hoc
             casu
             (
             u●constat
             )
             maxime
             expedit
             ad
             〈◊〉
             &
             bonum
             Reip.
             cives
             tali
             Tyranno
             obedire
             :
             Ergo
             per
             〈◊〉
             sa●●m
             interpretativum
             〈◊〉
             in
             conscientia
             justis
             &
             honestis
             praecepis
             illius
             stare
             &
             〈◊〉
             
          
           
             Con●●rman●●r
             haec
             omnia
             prim●
             ex
             sacrascrip
             tura
             ,
             ex
             qua
             &
             historiis
             constat
             Romanos
             per
             Tyrannidem
             occupasse
             Iudaeam
             eo
             tempore
             quo
             Christus
             ,
             &
             ●
             Iohannes
             Baptista
             praedicabant
             ;
             at
             neque
             Christus
             ,
             neque
             Iohannes
             neque
             ,
             Apostoli
             docuerunt
             ,
             ne
             illis
             obedirent
             ,
             imò
             ipse
             &
             reddidit
             ,
             nec
             asseruit
             se
             liberiū
             ,
             quia
             non
             esset
             obediendum
             Tyrannice
             imperanti
             ;
             sed
             quia
             erat
             Filius
             dei
             &
             Davidis
             .
             
               Joan
               Bap.
               Luc.
            
             3.
             militibus
             quaerentibus
             ab
             ips●
             (
             quos
             dubium
             non
             est
             quin
             essent
             milites
             Romanorum
             )
             quid
             facerent
             non
             praecepit
             ut
             militiam
             desererent
             quasi
             ministri
             principis
             Tyranni
             ,
             sed
             hoc
             tantum
             [
             ut
             neminen
             concuterent
             ,
             &
             contenti
             essent
             stipendijs
             suis
             ]
             ubi
             potius
             suasit
             stare
             in
             mili●ia
             Caesa●is
             .
             Pilato
             etiam
             qui
             nullam
             authoritatem
             habebat
             nisi
             a
             Caesare
             ,
             dixit
             Christus
             [
             non
             haberes
             in
             me
             potestatem
             ,
             &c.
             ]
             Et.
             1.
             
               Pet.
            
             2.
             [
             subjecti
             estote
             sive
             Regi
             tamquā
             praeexcellenti
             ,
             sive
             ducibus
             tanquam
             ab
             eo
             missis●
             ]
             Nullus
             autem
             Rex
             tunc
             erat
             nisi
             Caesar
             ,
             neque
             ullus
             Dux
             nisi
             constitutus
             ab
             eo
             .
          
           
             Ad
             argumen●um
             in
             appositum
             dico
             judicium
             Tyranni
             ex
             parte
             judicantis
             esse
             reverà
             usurpatum
             ,
             &
             sententiame
             jus
             nullam
             ,
             quia
             proxim●
             causa
             talis
             judicij
             &
             sententiae
             ,
             nempe
             authoritas
             ejus
             est
             reverà
             usurpata
             &
             nulla
             ,
             ex
             parte
             veriò
             civium
             esse
             illi
             obedi●ndum
             in
             conscientia
             tanquam
             justae
             sententiae
             ,
             &
             legitimo
             judicio
             ,
             quia
             tenentur
             cives
             eligere
             minus
             malum
             temporale
             ,
             ad
             vi●andum
             majus
             ,
             &
             per
             minus
             malum
             ,
             quod
             est
             obedire
             illi
             ,
             vitant
             perturbationem
             suae
             Rep.
             quae
             esset
             multo
             majus
             mal●m
             .
             Tum
             enim
             quia
             judicia
             hujus
             possunt
             quadam
             ratione
             dici
             judicia
             veri
             judicis
             ,
             qua●enus
             tolerantur
             a
             Rep.
             per
             consensum
             interpretavum
             ,
             qui
             suffcit
             ut
             tenantur
             cives
             obedire
             illi
             in
             conscientiá
             .
             Ex
             quo
             etiam
             sequitur
             ,
             non
             modo
             ●ives
             debere
             il●i
             in
             conscienti●
             obedire
             ,
             ve●um
             etiam
             tyrannum
             ferentem
             tales
             sententias
             non
             peccare
             ,
             quini●o
             peccaret
             nisi
             i●tas
             f●rret
             ,
             quandu
             mu●us
             principis
             retinet
             ,
             quamvis
             teneatur
             in
             conscientià
             principatum
             relinquere
             ,
             aut
             eni●i
             medijs
             honestis
             ut
             a
             Rep.
             in
             suum
             principem
             eligatur
             .
             
               Michael
               Salon
               de
               justitia
               .
               〈◊〉
               jure
               .
               Quaest.
               60
               Art.
            
             6.