An account of several new inventions and improvements now necessary for England, in a discourse by way of letter to the Earl of Marlborough, relating to building of our English shipping, planting of oaken timber in the forrests, apportioning of publick taxes, the conservacy of all our royal rivers, in particular that of the Thames, the surveys of the Thames, &c. : Herewith is also published at large The proceedings relating to mill'd-lead-sheathing, and the excellency and cheapness of mill'd-Lead in preference to cast sheet-lead for all other purposes whatsoever. : Also A treatise of naval philosophy, / written by Sir Will. Petty. ; The whole is submitted to the consideration of our English patriots in Parliament assembled.
         T. H. (Thomas Hale)
      
       
         
           1691
        
      
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         A44350
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         ESTC R28685
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         45594
         
           
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             An account of several new inventions and improvements now necessary for England, in a discourse by way of letter to the Earl of Marlborough, relating to building of our English shipping, planting of oaken timber in the forrests, apportioning of publick taxes, the conservacy of all our royal rivers, in particular that of the Thames, the surveys of the Thames, &c. : Herewith is also published at large The proceedings relating to mill'd-lead-sheathing, and the excellency and cheapness of mill'd-Lead in preference to cast sheet-lead for all other purposes whatsoever. : Also A treatise of naval philosophy, / written by Sir Will. Petty. ; The whole is submitted to the consideration of our English patriots in Parliament assembled.
             T. H. (Thomas Hale)
             Petty, William, Sir, 1623-1687. A treatise of naval philosophy.
          
           [12], CXXV, [16], 132 p.
           
             Printed for James Astwood, and are to be sold by Ralph Simpson at the Harp in St. Paul's Churchyard.,
             London, :
             MDCXCI [1691].
          
           
             "An account of several new inventions" signed at end: T.H.
             "A treatise of naval philosophy" has separate pagination.
             2559:5a lacks "A table of some of the principal matters contained in the following letter to the Earl of Marlborough" (p. [2-12] of 1403:23).
             "A survey of the encroachments of the river Thames" follows p. 132 of 1403:23. It follows p. [16] of 2559:5a.
             1403:23 is a reproduction of original in the University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign Campus). Library.
             2559:5a is a reproduction of original in the Bodleian Library.
             2559:5a bound with: Advertisem[ent] To all who have Occasion to make Use of Sheet-Lead. London : Printed for T.H. ..., [1690].
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Great Britain -- Economic conditions -- 17th century.
           Great Britain -- Politics and government -- 1689-1702.
        
      
    
     
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               AN
               ACCOUNT
               Of
               several
               New
               Inventions
               and
               Improvements
               
                 Now
                 necessary
                 for
              
               England
               ,
               In
               a
               Discourse
               by
               way
               of
               LETTER
               TO
               THE
               
                 EARL
                 of
                 MARLBOURGH
              
               ,
               Relating
               to
               
                 
                   Building
                   of
                   our
                   English
                   Shipping
                   ,
                
                 
                   Planting
                   of
                   Oaken
                   Timber
                   in
                   the
                   Forrests
                   ,
                
                 
                   Apportioning
                   of
                   Publick
                   Taxes
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Conservacy
                   of
                   all
                   our
                   Royal
                   Rivers
                   ,
                   in
                   particular
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   Thames
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Surveys
                   of
                   the
                   Thames
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
            
             
               Herewith
               is
               also
               published
               at
               large
            
             
               The
               Proceedings
               relating
               to
               the
               Mill'd-Lead-sheathing
               ,
               and
               the
               Excellency
               and
               cheapness
               of
               Mill'd-Lead
               in
               preference
               to
               Cast
               Sheet-Lead
               for
               all
               other
               purposes
               whatsoever
               .
            
             
               ALSO
               A
               Treatise
               of
               NAVAL
               PHILOSOPHY
               ,
               written
               by
               Sir
               
                 Will.
                 Petty
              
               .
            
             
               The
               whole
               is
               submitted
               to
               the
               Consideration
               of
               our
               English
               Patriots
               in
               Parliament
               Assembled
               .
            
             
               LONDON
               ,
               Printed
               for
               
                 Iames
                 Astwood
              
               ,
               and
               are
               to
               be
               Sold
               by
               
                 Ralph
                 Simpson
              
               at
               the
               Harp
               in
               St.
               
                 Pauls
                 Church-yard
              
               .
               MDCXCI
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               LICENSED
               ,
            
             
               
                 
                   March
                   6
                   th
                   .
                   1690.
                   
                
              
               
                 Rob.
                 Midgley
                 .
              
            
             
             
          
           
             
             
             
               A
               TABLE
               OF
               Some
               of
               the
               Principal
               Matters
               contained
               in
               the
               following
               LETTER
               TO
               THE
               EARL
               of
               Marlbourgh
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   T
                   〈…〉
                   etian
                
                 Ambassador's
                 Complaint
                 of
                 the
                 〈…〉
                 an
                 t
                 of
                 publick-spirited
                 Men
                 in
                 
                   England
                   ,
                   Page
                
                 1
                 ,
                 2.
                 
              
               
                 Few
                 or
                 no
                 Inventions
                 come
                 into
                 the
                 World
                 perfect
                 ,
                 p.
                 2.
                 
              
               
                 Reason
                 not
                 believed
                 against
                 Interest
                 ,
                 p.
                 4.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 illumination
                 of
                 every
                 New
                 Art
                 stands
                 in
                 some
                 Mens
                 light
                 ,
                 p.
                 6.
                 
              
               
                 
                 The
                 Invention
                 of
                 the
                 Sea-Compass
                 ,
                 Printing
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Circulation
                 of
                 the
                 Blood
                 ,
                 maligned
                 ,
                 p.
                 6
                 ,
                 7.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 knowledge
                 of
                 Anatomy
                 advanced
                 a
                 third
                 part
                 in
                 this
                 last
                 Century
                 ,
                 p.
                 7.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Invention
                 of
                 an
                 Ayr-Chamber
                 ,
                 p.
                 7.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 old
                 lost
                 Invention
                 of
                 Malleable
                 Glass
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 fate
                 of
                 the
                 Inventor
                 ,
                 p.
                 7
                 ,
                 8.
                 
              
               
                 Inventors
                 honoured
                 by
                 Kings
                 ,
                 p.
                 8.
                 
              
               
                 Charles
                 the
                 5
                 th
                 .
                 visited
                 the
                 Tomb
                 of
                 
                   William
                   B●ckeld
                
                 ,
                 which
                 recorded
                 his
                 being
                 the
                 Inventor
                 of
                 Pickling
                 Herrings
                 ,
                 p.
                 9.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Dutch
                 States
                 erecting
                 a
                 Monument
                 for
                 
                   Ludovicus
                   a
                   Culen
                
                 ,
                 on
                 which
                 was
                 engraven
                 his
                 discovery
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Peter
                   Pett
                
                 
                   Esq
                
                 the
                 first
                 Inventor
                 of
                 our
                 English
                 Frigats
                 ,
                 p.
                 10.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Constant
                   Warwick
                
                 the
                 first
                 Frigat
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 by
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1646.
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 Sir
                 
                   Phineas
                   Pett
                
                 built
                 15
                 Capital
                 Ships
                 of
                 the
                 Navy-Royal
                 ,
                 besides
                 many
                 of
                 lesser
                 Rates
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 Much
                 admirable
                 Invention
                 in
                 the
                 Kings-fisher
                 ,
                 by
                 him
                 built
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1675.
                 
                   ib.
                   &
                   p.
                
                 11.
                 
              
               
                 K.
                 Charles
                 the
                 second
                 observed
                 the
                 Invention
                 of
                 Frigats
                 in
                 danger
                 to
                 be
                 lost
                 ,
                 p.
                 12.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Britannia
                 ,
                 built
                 by
                 Sir
                 
                   Phineas
                   Pett
                
                 ,
                 the
                 best
                 Ship
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 p.
                 13.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 proud
                 Inscription
                 on
                 the
                 
                   St.
                   Lewis
                
                 of
                 
                   France
                   ,
                   ib.
                
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Verses
                 in
                 Latine
                 and
                 English
                 under
                 the
                 Draught
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Britannia
                   ,
                   p.
                
                 14
                 ,
                 15.
                 
              
               
                 Sir
                 
                   William
                   Temple
                
                 quoted
                 about
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 our
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 making
                 us
                 an
                 over-match
                 for
                 our
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 p.
                 17.
                 
              
               
                 
                 He
                 is
                 again
                 quoted
                 about
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 our
                 Oak
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 our
                 Shiprights
                 awing
                 our
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 p.
                 17.
                 
              
               
                 Our
                 Shipwrights
                 bound
                 by
                 their
                 Charter
                 not
                 to
                 communicate
                 their
                 Art
                 to
                 Forreign
                 Princes
                 or
                 States
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Contracts
                 at
                 the
                 Navy-Board
                 'till
                 of
                 late
                 restrained
                 Builders
                 of
                 Ships
                 ,
                 to
                 build
                 only
                 with
                 English
                 Timber
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Word
                 [
                 English
                 ]
                 now
                 left
                 out
                 in
                 Contracts
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 Shortly
                 after
                 the
                 Restauration
                 of
                 King
                 Charles
                 the
                 second
                 ,
                 the
                 Corporation
                 of
                 Shipwrights
                 presented
                 him
                 Proposals
                 in
                 Writing
                 for
                 the
                 preservation
                 and
                 encrease
                 of
                 Oaken-Timber
                 ,
                 p.
                 18.
                 
              
               
                 His
                 Majesty
                 referred
                 those
                 Proposals
                 to
                 the
                 then
                 Attorney
                 General
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 Mr.
                 Attorney
                 referred
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Navy-Board
                 to
                 consider
                 .
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 A
                 Report
                 from
                 Sir
                 
                   Will.
                   Coventry
                
                 ,
                 Sir
                 
                   Will.
                   Batten
                
                 ,
                 Mr.
                 Pepys
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Navy-Board
                 ,
                 how
                 a
                 sufficient
                 number
                 of
                 Oaken
                 Trees
                 might
                 be
                 planted
                 in
                 his
                 Majesty●s
                 Forrests
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 Acorns
                 sown
                 have
                 in
                 30
                 Years
                 born
                 a
                 Stem
                 of
                 a
                 Foot
                 diameter
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 Timber
                 of
                 a
                 Foot
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 so
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 sufficiently
                 useful
                 in
                 building
                 Ships
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 scarcity
                 of
                 Timber
                 in
                 the
                 Forrests
                 ,
                 makes
                 for
                 the
                 necessity
                 of
                 promoting
                 the
                 Mill'd-Lead
                 Invention
                 for
                 Sheathing
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 p.
                 19.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Mill'd-Lead
                 Invention
                 of
                 age
                 to
                 speak
                 for
                 it self
                 .
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 
                 King
                 Charles
                 the
                 second
                 highly
                 approved
                 of
                 the
                 Invention
                 ,
                 p.
                 20.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Phoenix
                 sheathed
                 therewith
                 at
                 Portsmouth
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 good
                 success
                 thereof
                 after
                 divers
                 Voyages
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 His
                 Majesty's
                 Reason
                 why
                 several
                 Shipwrights
                 opposed
                 the
                 Invention
                 ,
                 p.
                 21.
                 
              
               
                 His
                 Majesty's
                 Master-Shipwrights
                 approved
                 thereof
                 ,
                 p.
                 23.
                 
              
               
                 A
                 superstitious
                 Fancy
                 of
                 an
                 impossibility
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 against
                 it
                 ,
                 p.
                 24.
                 
              
               
                 Several
                 excellent
                 Inventions
                 have
                 been
                 run
                 down
                 by
                 Superstition
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 What
                 ensued
                 upon
                 the
                 Mill'd-Lead
                 Company
                 's
                 Reply
                 to
                 the
                 Navy-Board
                 before
                 the
                 Commissioners
                 of
                 the
                 Admiralty
                 ,
                 p.
                 25
                 ,
                 26
                 ,
                 27
                 ,
                 28.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Company
                 's
                 large
                 Reply
                 ,
                 drawn
                 by
                 the
                 excellent
                 Pen
                 of
                 Mr.
                 
                   Pepys
                   ,
                   p.
                
                 26.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Tycho
                   Brahe
                
                 appealed
                 from
                 the
                 Judgment
                 of
                 the
                 Age
                 he
                 lived
                 in
                 ,
                 to
                 that
                 of
                 Posterity
                 ,
                 p.
                 30.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Verses
                 writ
                 by
                 
                   Tycho
                   Brahe
                
                 under
                 the
                 Pictures
                 of
                 the
                 old
                 famous
                 Astronomers
                 in
                 his
                 Study
                 ,
                 and
                 under
                 his
                 own
                 Picture
                 there
                 ,
                 p.
                 30
                 ,
                 31.
                 
              
               
                 An
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 Fate
                 of
                 
                   Galilaeus
                   ,
                   p.
                
                 32.
                 
              
               
                 Of
                 
                 Peiresk's
                 Letter
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 He
                 confuted
                 Pope
                 
                 Urban's
                 idle
                 Comment
                 upon
                 
                   Aristotle
                   de
                   Coelo
                   ,
                   ib.
                
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Pope
                 got
                 his
                 Book
                 condemned
                 as
                 Heretical
                 by
                 the
                 Consistory
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 Dr.
                 Robert
                 Wood's
                 learned
                 and
                 excellent
                 Invention
                 ,
                 drawn
                 by
                 himself
                 ,
                 in
                 Latine
                 and
                 English
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 fixlng
                 of
                 Easter
                 for
                 ever
                 ,
                 from
                 p.
                 32
                 ,
                 to
                 p.
                 38.
                 
              
               
                 
                 The
                 Author
                 of
                 
                   The
                   Happy
                   future
                   State
                   of
                   England
                
                 referred
                 to
                 for
                 celebrating
                 the
                 Royal
                 Society
                 ,
                 p.
                 39.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 Author
                 referred
                 to
                 as
                 the
                 first
                 Discoverer
                 of
                 the
                 Numbers
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 England
                 from
                 Records
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 An
                 An̄imadversion
                 on
                 such
                 Fops
                 as
                 ridicule
                 the
                 Royal
                 Society
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Mynheere
                   Van
                   Beuninghen
                
                 made
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 England
                 and
                 Wales
                 but
                 two
                 Millions
                 ,
                 p.
                 40.
                 
              
               
                 Dr.
                 
                   Isaac
                   Vossius
                
                 made
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 
                   England
                   ,
                   Scotland
                
                 and
                 Ireland
                 but
                 two
                 Millions
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Observator
                 on
                 the
                 Bills
                 of
                 Mortality
                 with
                 excellent
                 fine
                 spun
                 Notions
                 made
                 them
                 about
                 six
                 Millions
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Author
                 of
                 
                   The
                   Happy
                   future
                   State
                   of
                   England
                   ,
                
                 doth
                 from
                 the
                 Returns
                 on
                 the
                 late
                 Poll
                 Acts
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Bishops
                 Survey
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1676.
                 make
                 them
                 about
                 8
                 Millions
                 ,
                 p.
                 41.
                 
              
               
                 He
                 hath
                 given
                 Accounts
                 of
                 the
                 Numbers
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 
                   France
                   ,
                   Spain
                   ,
                   Holland
                   ,
                   ib.
                   
                
              
               
                 He
                 hath
                 given
                 Directions
                 about
                 the
                 apportioning
                 Taxes
                 with
                 equality
                 ,
                 p.
                 42.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 want
                 thereof
                 is
                 the
                 only
                 Grievance
                 in
                 Taxes
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 Sir
                 Will.
                 Petty's
                 Judgment
                 how
                 a
                 Million
                 should
                 be
                 raised
                 in
                 
                   England
                   ,
                   p.
                
                 43.
                 
              
               
                 Half
                 as
                 much
                 more
                 now
                 paid
                 by
                 the
                 Land-Tax
                 alone
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 the
                 Million
                 ,
                 as
                 distributed
                 by
                 Sir
                 Will.
                 Petty's
                 Proposal
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 By
                 the
                 Rule
                 of
                 Sir
                 Will.
                 Petty's
                 Calculation
                 of
                 a
                 Tax
                 of
                 one
                 Million
                 ,
                 above
                 six
                 Millions
                 may
                 be
                 raised
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 Man
                 feel
                 it
                 much
                 ,
                 if
                 equally
                 laid
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 according
                 to
                 it
                 no
                 man
                 will
                 pay
                 above
                 a
                 tenth
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 yearly
                 Expence
                 ,
                 p.
                 44.
                 
              
               
                 
                 Princes
                 and
                 their
                 Ministers
                 to
                 be
                 steered
                 in
                 their
                 apprehensions
                 of
                 the
                 Danger
                 of
                 Civil
                 War
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Rule
                 of
                 
                   Dulce
                   Bellum
                   inexpertis
                   ,
                   p.
                
                 45.
                 
              
               
                 An
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 French
                 King's
                 Expences
                 and
                 Receipts
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1614.
                 out
                 of
                 
                   Thuanus
                   .
                   p.
                
                 46.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 yearly
                 Expences
                 and
                 Receipts
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 French
                 King
                 ,
                 more
                 than
                 quadrupled
                 since
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 Sir
                 Will.
                 Petty's
                 Naval
                 Philosophy
                 herewith
                 published
                 ,
                 p.
                 47.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 Work
                 of
                 his
                 justly
                 extoll'd
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Earl
                 of
                 
                 Marlbourgh's
                 Courage
                 and
                 Conduct
                 in
                 the
                 taking
                 of
                 Cork
                 and
                 Kingsale
                 referred
                 to
                 with
                 Honour
                 ,
                 p.
                 48.
                 
              
               
                 An
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 Invention
                 of
                 Gunns
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1378.
                 i●
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 Invention
                 maligned
                 by
                 
                   Polydore
                   Virgil
                   ,
                   Cardan
                
                 and
                 
                   Melancton
                   ,
                   ib.
                
                 
              
               
                 King
                 Alfred
                 the
                 first
                 Inventor
                 of
                 Lanthorns
                 ,
                 p.
                 49.
                 
              
               
                 Of
                 our
                 new
                 Invented
                 Glasses
                 and
                 Lamps
                 ,
                 p.
                 50.
                 
              
               
                 Of
                 the
                 Scarlet
                 or
                 Bow-Dye
                 ,
                 p.
                 51.
                 
              
               
                 Of
                 the
                 New-River-Water
                 ,
                 p.
                 52.
                 
              
               
                 An
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 New
                 Engine
                 for
                 taking
                 away
                 Obstructions
                 and
                 Shelfes
                 in
                 the
                 Thames
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Royal
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 p.
                 53
                 ,
                 54.
                 
              
               
                 How
                 much
                 the
                 River
                 of
                 Thames
                 is
                 shallower
                 before
                 the
                 King's
                 Yard
                 at
                 Deptford
                 ,
                 since
                 King
                 Charles
                 the
                 second
                 's
                 Restoration
                 ,
                 p.
                 55.
                 
              
               
                 Of
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 
                 London's
                 Applications
                 to
                 the
                 former
                 Commissioners
                 of
                 the
                 Admiralty
                 for
                 the
                 Preservation
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 of
                 
                   Thames
                   ,
                   p.
                
                 56.
                 
              
               
                 
                 Of
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 
                 London's
                 Reasons
                 in
                 writing
                 ,
                 presented
                 to
                 that
                 Board
                 against
                 Letters
                 Patents
                 for
                 licensing
                 Encroachments
                 ,
                 p.
                 56.
                 
              
               
                 If
                 that
                 River
                 were
                 spoil'd
                 ,
                 the
                 great
                 Trade
                 of
                 England
                 would
                 be
                 transplanted
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 other
                 Sea-Port
                 Towns
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 Forreign
                 Parts
                 ,
                 p.
                 57.
                 
              
               
                 A
                 Lease
                 made
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Soil
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 Conservatorship
                 thereof
                 may
                 accrue
                 by
                 Survivorship
                 to
                 a
                 Colour-man
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Strand
                   .
                   ib.
                
                 
              
               
                 Those
                 Commissioners
                 of
                 the
                 Admiralty
                 took
                 much
                 Pains
                 in
                 preserving
                 that
                 River
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Report
                 from
                 the
                 Judge
                 of
                 the
                 Admiralty
                 of
                 the
                 Admiral
                 's
                 being
                 Conservator
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Royal
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 a
                 Concurrency
                 with
                 the
                 Lord
                 Mayor
                 in
                 the
                 Conservacy
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Thames
                   ,
                   p.
                
                 58.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Wisdom
                 of
                 our
                 Ancestors
                 in
                 making
                 them
                 both
                 Conservators
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 p.
                 59.
                 
              
               
                 Of
                 the
                 Conservators
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Rivers
                 among
                 the
                 
                   Romans
                   ,
                   ib.
                
                 &
                 p.
                 60.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 River
                 ▪
                 of
                 Thames
                 now
                 labouring
                 under
                 its
                 most
                 Critical
                 State
                 ,
                 p.
                 60.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 great
                 ill
                 effect
                 that
                 the
                 Fire
                 of
                 London
                 had
                 on
                 the
                 
                   Thames
                   ,
                   p.
                
                 61.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Stream
                 of
                 the
                 Thames
                 more
                 clear
                 and
                 gentle
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 Severn
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Cause
                 thereof
                 ,
                 ib.
                 &
                 p.
                 62.
                 
              
               
                 Why
                 the
                 Tide
                 flows
                 up
                 so
                 high
                 into
                 the
                 heart
                 of
                 this
                 River
                 ,
                 p.
                 62.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Cause
                 of
                 the
                 shifting
                 of
                 the
                 Tides
                 there
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 three
                 Constituent
                 parts
                 of
                 a
                 River
                 ,
                 p.
                 64.
                 
              
               
                 Of
                 the
                 destruction
                 of
                 several
                 great
                 Rivers
                 by
                 Sullage
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 
                 The
                 Administration
                 of
                 the
                 Banks
                 of
                 great
                 Rivers
                 is
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Regalia
                 ,
                 p.
                 65.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Conservatorship
                 of
                 such
                 Rivers
                 is
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Regalia
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 Of
                 the
                 Conservators
                 of
                 such
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Banks
                 among
                 the
                 
                   Romans
                   ,
                   p.
                
                 66.
                 
              
               
                 This
                 Branch
                 of
                 the
                 Regalia
                 granted
                 to
                 our
                 Admirals
                 in
                 their
                 Patents
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Vice-Admirals
                 of
                 Counties
                 are
                 in
                 their
                 Patents
                 from
                 the
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 appointed
                 Conservators
                 of
                 the
                 Royal
                 Rivers
                 there
                 .
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 Of
                 those
                 Vice-Admirals
                 Non-user
                 of
                 the
                 Power
                 to
                 demolish
                 Nusances
                 ,
                 p.
                 67.
                 
              
               
                 Of
                 the
                 Agreement
                 of
                 the
                 Common-Law
                 and
                 Civil-Law
                 Judges
                 An.
                 1632.
                 that
                 the
                 Admiral
                 may
                 redress
                 all
                 Obstructions
                 in
                 Rivers
                 between
                 the
                 first
                 Bridges
                 and
                 the
                 Sea.
                 p.
                 68.
                 
              
               
                 Licenses
                 granted
                 by
                 the
                 Admiral
                 for
                 enlarging
                 Wharfs
                 ,
                 
                   &c.
                   p.
                
                 69.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 illegality
                 of
                 granting
                 Forfeitures
                 before
                 Conviction
                 ,
                 p.
                 72.
                 
              
               
                 Sir
                 
                   George
                   Treby
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Attorney
                 General
                 ,
                 mention'd
                 with
                 Honour
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Benefit
                 the
                 People
                 now
                 find
                 by
                 being
                 freed
                 from
                 illegal
                 Grants
                 of
                 Forfeitures
                 before
                 Conviction
                 doth
                 much
                 outweigh
                 all
                 the
                 Taxes
                 they
                 pay
                 to
                 their
                 Majesties
                 ,
                 p.
                 77.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Passage
                 concerning
                 the
                 Alderman
                 who
                 ask'd
                 King
                 Iames
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 remove
                 the
                 River
                 of
                 
                   Thames
                   ,
                   ib.
                
                 &
                 p.
                 78.
                 
              
               
                 Of
                 the
                 Survey
                 of
                 that
                 River
                 by
                 Sir
                 
                   Ionas
                   M●or
                   ,
                   p.
                
                 79.
                 
              
               
                 
                 Of
                 the
                 Survey
                 of
                 that
                 River
                 by
                 the
                 Navy-Board
                 and
                 Trinity-house
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 Captain
                 
                   Collins
                   ,
                   ib.
                
                 &
                 p.
                 80.
                 
              
               
                 Captain
                 Collins
                 his
                 Draught
                 of
                 that
                 River
                 commended
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 only
                 way
                 possible
                 for
                 preventing
                 future
                 Encroachments
                 on
                 that
                 River
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Nature
                 of
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 a
                 Conservator
                 ,
                 as
                 defined
                 by
                 the
                 Writers
                 of
                 the
                 Regalia
                 ,
                 p.
                 81.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 same
                 agrees
                 with
                 the
                 Measures
                 of
                 our
                 Law-Books
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 Granting
                 things
                 to
                 the
                 Low-water-mark
                 vexatious
                 ,
                 p.
                 83.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Course
                 taken
                 by
                 the
                 Council-Board
                 An.
                 1613.
                 to
                 preserve
                 the
                 River
                 of
                 
                   Tyne
                   ,
                   p.
                
                 84
                 ,
                 85.
                 
              
               
                 An
                 Order
                 of
                 Council
                 for
                 demolishing
                 a
                 Nusance
                 to
                 Navigation
                 in
                 the
                 Port
                 of
                 
                   Bristol
                   ,
                   An.
                
                 1630.
                 p.
                 87.
                 
              
               
                 More
                 of
                 the
                 Conservacy
                 of
                 the
                 Royal
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 ib.
                 &
                 p.
                 88
                 ,
                 89.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 Care
                 be
                 taken
                 against
                 the
                 Sea-mens
                 being
                 molested
                 ,
                 ib.
                 &
                 p.
                 90.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 a
                 little
                 more
                 than
                 12
                 Years
                 after
                 the
                 Year
                 1588.
                 our
                 Seamen
                 were
                 decay'd
                 about
                 a
                 third
                 part
                 ,
                 p.
                 90.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 Act
                 of
                 35
                 Eliz.
                 for
                 restraining
                 New
                 Buildings
                 ,
                 a
                 tender
                 regard
                 was
                 had
                 to
                 the
                 Sea-men
                 ,
                 ib.
                 &
                 p.
                 91.
                 
              
               
                 
                 A
                 necessary
                 Document
                 to
                 be
                 thought
                 of
                 by
                 the
                 Conservators
                 of
                 our
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 p.
                 92.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Wardmote
                 Inquest
                 referr'd
                 to
                 for
                 the
                 preservation
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 of
                 
                   Thames
                   ,
                   p.
                
                 93
                 ,
                 94.
                 
              
               
                 A
                 fifth
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 of
                 Thames
                 in
                 our
                 Memory
                 taken
                 in
                 by
                 Encroachers
                 ,
                 p.
                 95.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Profit
                 accruing
                 from
                 the
                 River
                 of
                 Thames
                 to
                 the
                 Admiral
                 and
                 Lord
                 Mayor
                 ,
                 ib.
                 &
                 p.
                 90.
                 
              
               
                 Of
                 the
                 Charge
                 incident
                 to
                 the
                 Lord
                 Mayors
                 in
                 the
                 Conservacy
                 of
                 that
                 River
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 Of
                 the
                 Charge
                 born
                 by
                 the
                 City
                 in
                 the
                 obtaining
                 Patents
                 to
                 be
                 vacated
                 ,
                 that
                 prejudiced
                 that
                 Conservacy
                 ,
                 ib.
                 &
                 p.
                 97.
                 
              
               
                 Of
                 the
                 City's
                 applying
                 to
                 King
                 Edward
                 the
                 4
                 th
                 .
                 for
                 a
                 
                   Scire
                   Facias
                
                 to
                 vacate
                 a
                 Patent
                 of
                 that
                 Nature
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Lord
                 Mayor's
                 obtaining
                 and
                 prosecuting
                 that
                 
                   Scire
                   Facias
                
                 to
                 effect
                 ,
                 p.
                 97.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Diligence
                 of
                 several
                 late
                 Lord
                 Mayors
                 in
                 thus
                 shewing
                 their
                 Zeal
                 for
                 the
                 Conservacy
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Thames
                   ,
                   ib.
                
                 
              
               
                 The
                 present
                 Lord
                 Mayor
                 referr'd
                 to
                 with
                 Honour
                 on
                 the
                 same
                 account
                 ,
                 p.
                 98.
                 
              
               
                 Courage
                 in
                 Magistrates
                 commended
                 ,
                 ib.
                 
              
               
                 
                 The
                 City
                 of
                 London
                 apply'd
                 to
                 the
                 Government
                 in
                 Henry
                 the
                 eighth's
                 Reign
                 for
                 a
                 Proclamation
                 ,
                 and
                 obtain'd
                 one
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 better
                 enabling
                 the
                 Lord
                 Mayor
                 and
                 his
                 Deputies
                 to
                 promote
                 the
                 Conservacy
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 of
                 
                   Thames
                   ,
                   p.
                
                 99.
                 
              
               
                 Of
                 the
                 late
                 King
                 Iames
                 rejecting
                 a
                 Proposition
                 for
                 Building
                 on
                 the
                 Shore
                 above
                 Bridge
                 ,
                 p.
                 100.
                 
              
               
                 More
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 State
                 of
                 Encroachments
                 on
                 that
                 River
                 below
                 Bridge
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 only
                 way
                 to
                 prevent
                 future
                 ones
                 there
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 Royal
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 from
                 
                   p.
                   107
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   .
                
              
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
             
               To
               the
               Right
               Honourable
               Iohn
               LORD
               Churchill
               ,
               Baron
               Churchill
               of
               Sandridge
               ,
               Viscount
               Churchill
               of
               Aymouth
               in
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               Scotland
               ,
               Earl
               of
               Marlborough
               ,
               and
               one
               of
               their
               Majesties
               most
               Honourable
               Privy
               Council
               .
            
             
               
                 My
                 most
                 Honoured
                 LORD
                 ,
              
            
             
               IT
               hath
               been
               observed
               by
               several
               of
               our
               late
               ingenious
               Writers
               ,
               that
               an
               eminent
               Venetian
               Embassador
               ,
               after
               a
               long
               residence
               in
               England
               ,
               sayling
               homeward
               ,
               did
               cast
               his
               Eye
               back
               on
               this
               Land
               ,
               and
               said
               in
               his
               own
               language
               ,
               O
               
               
                 Isola
                 felicissima
              
               ,
               &c.
               
               
                 The
                 happiest
                 Countrey
                 on
                 the
                 face
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 did
                 it
                 not
                 want
                 publick
                 Spirits
                 among
                 them
                 :
              
               Nor
               do
               I
               think
               that
               the
               
                 pudet
                 haec
                 opprobria
                 nobis
              
               ,
               &c.
               was
               in
               any
               Age
               so
               justly
               applicable
               to
               England
               on
               this
               account
               as
               in
               the
               present
               one
               ,
               wherein
               Men
               generally
               depraved
               by
               a
               selfish
               inhospitable
               temper
               ,
               do
               like
               the
               
                 Hedge
                 hog
              
               ,
               wrap
               themselves
               up
               in
               their
               own
               warm
               Down
               ,
               and
               shew
               forth
               nothing
               but
               Bristles
               to
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               and
               cry
               out
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               !
               when
               they
               have
               found
               a
               Stone
               to
               throw
               at
               an
               Inventor
               of
               any
               thing
               beneficial
               to
               Mankind
               ,
               instead
               of
               giving
               a
               tender
               helping
               Hand
               to
               the
               Inventions
               themselves
               ,
               and
               which
               might
               with
               Iustiee
               be
               expected
               ,
               since
               few
               or
               none
               come
               into
               the
               World
               with
               all
               the
               perfection
               they
               are
               capable
               of
               .
            
             
               But
               ,
               
                 My
                 LORD
              
               ,
               thô
               this
               Invention
               of
               Mill'd-Lead
               (
               how
               much
               or
               little
               soever
               I
               contributed
               to
               its
               first
               Conception
               ,
               it
               matters
               not
               ,
               I
               being
               at
               its
               Birth
               concerned
               in
               a
               greater
               share
               and
               Interest
               therein
               ,
               and
               the
               Transactions
               relating
               thereto
               ,
               than
               any
               one
               else
               ,
               although
               〈◊〉
               willingly
               then
               admitted
               the
               use
               of
               other
               
               Names
               more
               considerable
               to
               give
               Countenance
               and
               Credit
               to
               the
               Work
               ,
               and
               to
               avoid
               Envy
               )
               hath
               been
               accompanyed
               with
               tho
               fate
               of
               all
               Inventions
               ,
               namely
               ,
               a
               
               peevish
               ●ndeavour
               of
               some
               narrow-soul'd
               Men
               to
               run
               it
               down
               ,
               yet
               according
               to
               the
               saying
               ,
               
                 Unus
                 dum
                 tibi
                 propitius
                 est
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 tu
                 hosce
                 mi●utos
                 Deos
                 ,
                 flocci
                 feceris
                 :
              
               Your
               Lordship
               with
               your
               great
               Heroical
               Genius
               ,
               and
               your
               incomparable
               penetrating
               Vnderstanding
               ,
               having
               surveyed
               all
               the
               circumstances
               relating
               to
               this
               Invention
               ,
               and
               the
               past
               Transactions
               about
               it
               ,
               and
               your
               having
               afterward
               been
               pleased
               to
               patronize
               the
               Inventors
               and
               Invention
               ,
               I
               can
               easily
               be
               unconcerned
               at
               the
               Censures
               of
               smaller
               People
               who
               are
               concerned
               against
               it
               .
            
             
               
                 My
                 LORD
              
               ,
               I
               have
               been
               long
               since
               taught
               by
               a
               great
               Philosopher
               of
               the
               Age
               ,
               that
               
                 When
                 Reason
                 is
                 against
                 Men
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 be
                 against
                 Reason
                 ,
              
               and
               have
               sufficiently
               observed
               ,
               that
               the
               way
               that
               most
               Men
               take
               to
               be
               cryed
               up
               for
               Masters
               of
               Reason
               ,
               is
               to
               make
               Reas●n
               serve
               them
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               to
               serve
               their
               ●urn
               .
            
             
             
               I
               am
               not
               now
               to
               learn
               ,
               that
               whoever
               attempts
               the
               settlement
               of
               any
               Question
               ,
               which
               would
               be
               the
               unsettlement
               of
               any
               mens
               Interest
               ,
               may
               be
               suspected
               to
               have
               either
               an
               unsettled
               Fortune
               ,
               and
               that
               like
               a
               New●comer
               to
               the
               Coast
               of
               such
               a
               Question
               ,
               he
               comes
               to
               settle
               himself
               thereby
               ,
               or
               to
               have
               an
               unsettled
               Head
               ,
               and
               to
               be
               one
               who
               knows
               not
               that
               against
               any
               thing
               by
               which
               Men
               get
               their
               living
               they
               would
               not
               own
               to
               believe
               any
               that
               came
               from
               the
               dead
               .
               Thô
               the
               Proofs
               for
               any
               thing
               are
               as
               clear
               as
               the
               Meridian
               light
               ,
               yet
               where
               Men
               are
               Antipodes
               to
               each
               other
               in
               Interest
               ,
               at
               the
               same
               time
               't
               is
               Noon-day
               with
               the
               one
               ,
               and
               Midnight
               with
               the
               other
               .
            
             
               And
               moreover
               ,
               Reason
               as
               it
               resembles
               Gold
               in
               being
               the
               most
               valued
               ,
               so
               (
               as
               one
               saith
               )
               it
               doth
               too
               ,
               in
               being
               the
               most
               ductile
               thing
               in
               Nature
               .
            
             
               We
               know
               how
               much
               Mechanicks
               depend
               on
               the
               Rule
               of
               
                 Rectum
                 est
                 index
                 ●ui
                 &
                 obliqui
              
               ;
               and
               here
               it
               comes
               into
               my
               mind
               to
               entertain
               your
               Lordship
               with
               no
               unpleasant
               or
               vulgar
               Sp●culation
               in
               Geometry
               ,
               that
               
                 Maximus
                 Angulus
                 est
                 recta
                 linea
                 ,
                 &
                 minimus
                 Angulus
                 est
                 
                 recta
                 linea
                 ,
              
               the
               greatest
               Angle
               and
               the
               least
               are
               both
               the
               same
               with
               a
               right
               line
               .
            
             
               But
               if
               it
               were
               for
               the
               general
               profit
               or
               pleasure
               of
               Men
               to
               deny
               that
               there
               is
               any
               right
               or
               strait
               line
               ,
               or
               that
               any
               Right
               Line
               can
               be
               made
               so
               much
               as
               for
               use
               ,
               many
               would
               be
               found
               to
               deny
               it
               strenuously
               ,
               and
               who
               perhaps
               either
               would
               argue
               ,
               that
               there
               is
               not
               in
               Nature
               any
               right
               Line
               ,
               and
               that
               all
               Lines
               are
               Artificially
               made
               by
               the
               ducture
               of
               some
               point
               ,
               or
               the
               meeting
               of
               two
               superficies
               ,
               making
               the
               edge
               of
               any
               thing
               ,
               or
               the
               Contact
               of
               a
               Cylinder
               with
               a
               Plain
               ,
               and
               that
               neither
               of
               these
               wayes
               can
               produce
               a
               right
               Line
               ,
               because
               there
               is
               no
               true
               strait
               Superficies
               ,
               but
               what
               has
               inequality
               or
               hollowness
               in
               it
               ,
               and
               that
               consequently
               the
               motion
               of
               any
               Point
               upon
               any
               uneven
               Superficies
               ,
               or
               the
               mutual
               concurrence
               of
               two
               uneven
               Superficies
               can
               never
               produce
               an
               even
               or
               right
               Line
               ,
               or
               who
               else
               would
               ,
               if
               not
               cut
               off
               ,
               yet
               jogg
               the
               Hands
               of
               those
               they
               found
               making
               right
               Lines
               ,
               or
               if
               they
               found
               any
               made
               ,
               would
               either
               oblitterate
               them
               ,
               or
               apply
               Microscopes
               to
               them
               ,
               whereby
               
               some
               inequality
               or
               raggedness
               in
               them
               would
               be
               discovered
               ,
               or
               they
               would
               pervert
               Witnesses
               to
               swear
               ,
               or
               Iudges
               to
               decree
               ,
               that
               they
               were
               not
               Right
               Lines
               ,
               or
               perhaps
               they
               would
               turn
               the
               making
               of
               Right
               Lines
               into
               Ridicule
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               Humour
               of
               this
               Age
               ,
               or
               according
               to
               the
               humour
               of
               an
               old
               barbarous
               former
               one
               ,
               maliciously
               call
               it
               the
               
                 Black
                 Art.
              
               
            
             
               We
               know
               that
               according
               to
               the
               Sea-phrase
               one
               Ship
               is
               said
               to
               wrong
               another
               ,
               that
               excels
               it
               in
               swiftness
               of
               sailing
               :
               And
               thus
               the
               Shipwrights
               and
               Plumbers
               may
               if
               they
               please
               think
               the
               Mill'd-Lead
               Invention
               hath
               wrong'd
               them
               in
               doing
               so
               much
               right
               to
               Shipping
               and
               Navigation
               in
               particular
               .
            
             
               Nor
               is
               it
               indeed
               possible
               for
               any
               New
               Invention
               ,
               how
               profitable
               soever
               to
               Mankind
               ,
               to
               appear
               in
               the
               World
               ,
               but
               that
               such
               new
               Illumination
               must
               stand
               in
               some
               Mens
               light
               ,
               and
               obstruct
               their
               pratique
               in
               those
               Arts
               of
               life
               wherein
               they
               were
               expert
               .
               Thus
               there
               is
               no
               doubt
               but
               the
               Invention
               of
               the
               Sea-Compass
               was
               maligned
               by
               the
               old
               dull
               Coasters
               ,
               and
               that
               of
               Printing
               by
               the
               Hackney
               Writers
               ,
               
               and
               the
               excellent
               Notion
               of
               the
               circulation
               of
               the
               Blood
               ,
               by
               the
               old
               Mump●imus
               Doctors
               ,
               who
               being
               sufficiently
               at
               ease
               by
               the
               Circulation
               of
               Money
               and
               Trade
               in
               the
               Realm
               ▪
               knew
               how
               to
               stuff
               their
               hollow
               Teeth
               with
               their
               Patient's
               Bread
               ,
               without
               studying
               Anatomy
               ;
               the
               knowledge
               whereof
               hath
               been
               enriched
               by
               a
               full
               third
               part
               at
               least
               within
               this
               last
               Century
               ,
               as
               the
               learned
               Dr.
               Henshaw
               tells
               us
               ,
               in
               his
               very
               ingenious
               Book
               called
               
                 A
                 Register
                 for
                 the
                 Air
              
               ,
               printed
               
                 An.
                 1677.
              
               and
               wherein
               he
               hath
               published
               an
               excellent
               Invention
               of
               a
               Domicil
               or
               
                 Air
                 Chamber
                 ▪
              
               and
               by
               means
               whereof
               in
               any
               part
               of
               our
               Native
               Soyl
               we
               may
               have
               the
               Air
               as
               pure
               as
               on
               the
               top
               of
               the
               Pike
               of
               Teneriffe
               ,
               and
               made
               so
               pure
               as
               is
               not
               to
               be
               found
               on
               the
               face
               of
               the
               habitable
               Earth
               .
            
             
               And
               thus
               no
               doubt
               but
               the
               Gold-smiths
               and
               Silver-smiths
               would
               think
               themselves
               injured
               by
               any
               who
               could
               revive
               the
               Art
               of
               making
               Glass
               malleable
               ,
               which
               one
               in
               
               Tiberius's
               time
               had
               found
               out
               a
               way
               to
               do
               ,
               and
               withall
               so
               yielding
               ,
               and
               such
               as
               would
               rather
               bow
               than
               break
               ;
               for
               he
               bringing
               a
               Glass
               
               Vial
               to
               the
               Emperour
               to
               shew
               his
               Art
               ,
               he
               threw
               the
               Vessel
               against
               the
               Stone-pavement
               ,
               with
               which
               blow
               it
               was
               not
               broken
               but
               dented
               ,
               and
               then
               taking
               his
               Hammer
               ,
               be
               again
               beat
               out
               the
               dent
               :
               But
               he
               was
               secretly
               made
               away
               for
               his
               pains
               ,
               as
               likewise
               several
               Inventors
               have
               been
               by
               the
               Dullards
               who
               only
               had
               the
               Wit
               to
               do
               that
               ,
               and
               the
               Assassinates
               have
               thought
               they
               might
               dispatch
               them
               as
               justly
               as
               Souldiers
               think
               they
               may
               deal
               so
               with
               those
               who
               come
               to
               beat
               up
               their
               Quarters
               .
            
             
               Yet
               however
               the
               fate
               of
               some
               Inventors
               hath
               been
               to
               fall
               at
               the
               feet
               of
               Envious
               Plebeian
               Mechanicks
               ,
               others
               of
               them
               have
               had
               that
               reward
               of
               their
               diligence
               in
               all
               Ages
               and
               Countreys
               ,
               
                 to
                 stand
                 before
                 Kings
              
               ;
               and
               the
               Vicegerents
               of
               the
               God
               of
               Nature
               have
               with
               peculiar
               respect
               treated
               such
               as
               
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Kings
                 delighted
                 to
                 honour
                 ,
              
               by
               imparting
               the
               secrets
               of
               Nature
               to
               them
               .
            
             
               And
               such
               respect
               hath
               been
               shewn
               to
               the
               Memory
               of
               useful
               Inventors
               by
               the
               greatest
               Princes
               ,
               that
               several
               Historians
               have
               mentioned
               it
               ,
               that
               Charles
               the
               5th
               .
               with
               a
               great
               Parade
               of
               his
               Attendants
               ,
               
               went
               out
               of
               his
               way
               to
               see
               the
               Tomb
               of
               
                 William
                 Buckeld
              
               ,
               who
               (
               as
               it
               was
               recorded
               in
               his
               Epitaph
               )
               was
               the
               Inventor
               of
               the
               Dutch
               way
               of
               Pickling
               of
               Herrings
               ,
               which
               is
               so
               beneficial
               to
               those
               States
               ,
               that
               may
               make
               it
               be
               said
               that
               Amsterdam
               is
               founded
               upon
               Herring
               bones
               :
               His
               Countrey-men
               it
               seems
               were
               so
               just
               to
               him
               ,
               as
               to
               perpetuate
               the
               fame
               of
               the
               Invention
               as
               well
               as
               the
               Name
               of
               the
               Inventor
               by
               a
               grateful
               Inscription
               .
            
             
               And
               thus
               too
               was
               the
               Memory
               of
               
                 Ludovicus
                 a
                 Culen
              
               ,
               Professor
               of
               Geometry
               at
               Leyden
               ,
               honoured
               by
               those
               States
               ,
               by
               their
               taking
               care
               that
               on
               his
               Tomb
               should
               be
               engraven
               
                 his
                 Attempt
                 to
                 find
                 out
                 the
                 proportion
                 between
                 a
                 Diameter
                 and
                 a
                 Circle
                 ,
                 dividing
                 the
                 Circle
                 into
                 more
                 parts
                 than
                 Sand
                 would
                 constitute
                 the
                 whole
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 an
                 Uni●e
                 was
                 too
                 much
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Null
                 too
                 little
                 .
              
            
             
               I
               am
               here
               minded
               of
               mentioning
               how
               the
               Tomb
               of
               
                 Peter
                 Pet
              
               ,
               
                 Esq
              
               the
               Master-builder
               of
               England
               (
               and
               whose
               Ancestors
               for
               upwards
               of
               two
               hundred
               Years
               have
               been
               Master-builders
               and
               
               principal
               Officers
               of
               the
               Navy
               Royal
               )
               records
               his
               being
               the
               
                 first
                 Inventor
              
               of
               our
               English
               Frigats
               ,
               and
               of
               which
               the
               
                 Constant
                 Warwick
              
               ,
               built
               by
               him
               in
               the
               Year
               1646.
               was
               the
               first
               ,
               and
               which
               sort
               of
               Shipping
               is
               variously
               the
               most
               excellent
               and
               useful
               in
               the
               known
               World.
               
            
             
               And
               it
               having
               been
               the
               fortune
               of
               all
               the
               
                 Master
                 builders
              
               of
               that
               Family
               gradually
               to
               excel
               each
               other
               in
               their
               Art
               ,
               I
               cannot
               here
               omit
               to
               take
               notice
               how
               Sir
               
                 Phineas
                 Pett
              
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               that
               great
               Artist
               ,
               having
               built
               fifteen
               Capital
               Ships
               for
               the
               Royal
               Navy
               ,
               besides
               many
               more
               of
               the
               lesser
               Rate
               ,
               hath
               obliged
               his
               Countrey
               with
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               admirable
               Invention
               in
               the
               Fabrick
               of
               the
               
                 Kings
                 fisher
              
               ,
               a
               fourth
               Rate
               ,
               built
               by
               him
               in
               the
               Year
               1675.
               
            
             
               For
               whereas
               all
               Ships
               before
               ,
               since
               the
               first
               use
               of
               Navigation
               ,
               were
               built
               by
               rising
               Lines
               ,
               which
               made
               not
               so
               regular
               a
               Figure
               in
               the
               Water
               ,
               he
               built
               that
               by
               Horizontal
               ones
               ,
               and
               so
               contrived
               the
               
                 Port
                 holes
              
               therein
               ,
               that
               most
               of
               her
               Guns
               might
               point
               to
               one
               Center
               ,
               and
               thereby
               cause
               such
               breaches
               in
               the
               sides
               of
               the
               Ship
               she
               fought
               with
               ,
               that
               could
               
               not
               be
               stopp'd
               with
               Pluggs
               ,
               and
               that
               brought
               her
               safe
               off
               from
               her
               being
               taken
               by
               seven
               Algerine
               Men
               of
               War
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               Relation
               of
               it
               in
               the
               Gazets
               I
               have
               been
               informed
               of
               ,
               and
               which
               could
               not
               have
               happened
               but
               by
               her
               Guns
               so
               pointing
               ,
               making
               such
               great
               breaches
               in
               their
               sides
               as
               forced
               them
               to
               draw
               off
               .
               And
               so
               much
               hath
               the
               New
               Invention
               of
               the
               building
               her
               by
               such
               Lines
               ,
               contributed
               to
               the
               excellency
               of
               her
               sayling
               ,
               that
               I
               have
               read
               it
               in
               a
               relation
               of
               the
               Engagement
               between
               her
               and
               the
               
                 Golden
                 Rose
              
               of
               Algiers
               ,
               so
               much
               famed
               for
               her
               sailing
               ,
               printed
               in
               London
               in
               the
               Year
               1681.
               that
               the
               Kings-fisher
               much
               
                 out
                 sail'd
              
               that
               Ship
               ,
               and
               having
               taken
               her
               ,
               found
               so
               much
               Water
               in
               her
               Hold
               ,
               occasioned
               by
               the
               great
               breaches
               in
               her
               sides
               ,
               which
               made
               her
               to
               sink
               down
               within
               an
               hour
               after
               her
               Capture
               .
            
             
               What
               the
               great
               effects
               of
               such
               an
               Invention
               may
               hereafter
               be
               throughout
               the
               Maritime
               World
               ,
               I
               know
               not
               ,
               Capital
               Ships
               being
               now
               liable
               to
               be
               sunk
               by
               Bullets
               which
               before
               they
               were
               not
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               multitude
               of
               Pluggs
               and
               Hands
               
               to
               apply
               them
               ,
               always
               in
               readiness
               ,
               unless
               a
               Shot
               had
               lighted
               in
               the
               Powder-room
               ,
               as
               was
               supposed
               to
               have
               happened
               in
               Admiral
               
               Opdam's
               Ship.
               But
               he
               having
               done
               so
               much
               impartial
               Iustice
               to
               the
               Invention
               of
               the
               Mill'd-Lead-Sheathing
               ,
               I
               am
               very
               well
               contented
               that
               it
               comes
               in
               my
               way
               here
               to
               retaliate
               to
               him
               by
               the
               just
               mention
               of
               the
               matters
               of
               fact
               whereby
               he
               hath
               obliged
               this
               Age
               and
               succeeding
               ones
               ,
               to
               account
               him
               a
               Benefactor
               to
               his
               Countrey
               .
            
             
               And
               ,
               
                 my
                 Lord
              
               ,
               I
               do
               think
               my self
               the
               more
               obliged
               out
               of
               my
               love
               to
               my
               Native
               Countrey
               ,
               to
               present
               your
               Lordship
               with
               this
               glancing
               View
               of
               these
               two
               great
               Inventions
               ,
               because
               they
               are
               very
               likely
               in
               a
               short
               time
               to
               come
               among
               
               Panciroll's
               
                 Res
                 deperditae
              
               ,
               without
               care
               taken
               to
               prevent
               it
               ;
               for
               King
               Charles
               the
               second
               ,
               who
               had
               very
               great
               Skill
               in
               the
               Mystery
               of
               the
               Shipwrights
               Calling
               ,
               hath
               been
               heard
               to
               observe
               it
               ,
               
                 that
                 the
                 Fabricks
                 of
                 our
              
               English
               
                 Ships
                 did
                 for
                 several
                 Years
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 degenerate
                 from
                 the
                 Friga●
                 way
                 in
                 wh●ch
                 the
              
               Constant
               Warwick
               
                 was
                 built
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 way
                 of
                 our
                 sluggish
                 old
                 built
                 
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 adapted
                 for
                 swiftness
                 of
                 Sailing
                 ,
                 and
                 insomuch
                 that
                 the
              
               Constant
               Warwick
               
                 it self
                 being
                 after
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 the
                 Inventor
                 repaired
                 by
                 another
                 Artist
                 ,
                 was
                 in
                 its
                 repairing
                 spoiled
                 of
                 the
                 excellency
                 of
                 its
                 sailing
                 .
              
            
             
               Nor
               have
               I
               heard
               of
               any
               other
               Ship
               built
               by
               the
               
               Kings-fisher's
               Lines
               ,
               except
               the
               
                 Katherine
                 Yatcht
              
               .
               And
               therefore
               it
               is
               of
               great
               importance
               to
               the
               Nation
               that
               the
               Draughts
               of
               those
               three
               Vessels
               particularly
               should
               be
               transmitted
               with
               great
               Care
               to
               Posterity
               .
            
             
               I
               must
               not
               here
               forget
               to
               mention
               ,
               that
               among
               the
               many
               Capital
               Ships
               built
               by
               Sir
               
                 Phinehas
                 Pett
              
               ,
               the
               BRITANNIA
               is
               by
               the
               concordant
               Voice
               of
               all
               the
               curious
               Iudges
               of
               Naval
               Architecture
               allowed
               to
               be
               the
               best
               Ship
               in
               the
               World
               ,
               and
               far
               exceeding
               in
               excellency
               of
               Building
               and
               Strength
               the
               great
               
                 first
                 Rate
              
               of
               France
               ,
               call'd
               the
               
                 St.
                 Lewis
              
               ,
               on
               the
               which
               is
               engraven
               this
               proud
               
                 Inscription
                 ,
                 Je
                 ●uis
                 L'unique
                 de
                 l'
                 Onde
                 ,
                 &
                 mon
                 Roy
                 du
                 Monde
                 .
              
               An
               admirable
               Draught
               or
               Sculpture
               of
               this
               Ship
               BRITANNIA
               ,
               in
               four
               large
               sheets
               of
               
               Dutch
               ●aper
               ,
               will
               sh●rtly
               be
               published
               ,
               with
               more
               modest
               
               but
               just
               Encomiastick
               Verses
               in
               
                 Latine
                 ,
                 English
                 ,
                 French
              
               and
               Dutch
               under
               it
               ,
               which
               I
               thinking
               fit
               to
               Copy
               out
               on
               my
               sight
               of
               the
               Draught
               ,
               shall
               here
               entertain
               your
               Lordship
               with
               those
               of
               them
               that
               are
               in
               Latine
               and
               
                 English
                 ,
                 Viz.
              
               
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       Ad
                       Navem
                       Britanniam
                       .
                    
                     
                       Nomine
                       digna
                       tuo
                       Navis
                       ,
                       cui
                       vela
                       Britanii
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Imperii
                       titulo
                       jure
                       superba
                       tument
                       ;
                    
                     
                       Quid
                       Tormenta
                       vehis
                       ?
                       Patrium
                       pro
                       fulmine
                       Nomen
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Fluctibus
                       &
                       terris
                       quo
                       modereris
                       habes
                       .
                    
                     
                       Tum
                       Caesar
                       tibi
                       Numen
                       adest
                       dextraque
                       refulgent
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Majora
                       Aequorei
                       Sceptra
                       Tridente
                       Dei.
                    
                     
                       Quod
                       Natura
                       potest
                       ,
                       potuitve
                       Ars
                       praestitit
                       in
                       Te.
                    
                     
                       Ingenio
                       Artificis
                       ,
                       Robora
                       tuto
                       tuo
                       es
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                     
                       To
                       the
                       Ship
                       Britannia
                       .
                    
                     
                       Hail
                       mighty
                       Ship
                       :
                       None
                       hath
                       so
                       just
                       a
                       claim
                    
                     
                       To
                       swell
                       her
                       Sails
                       with
                       great
                       
                       Britannia's
                       Name
                       .
                    
                     
                       Thou
                       need'st
                       no
                       Guns
                       ,
                       that
                       Name
                       o're
                       Sea
                       and
                       Land
                    
                     
                       Thunders
                       aloud
                       ,
                       and
                       gives
                       thee
                       full
                       Command
                       .
                    
                     
                       Thy
                       Prince's
                       Hand
                       a
                       Triple
                       Scepter
                       wields
                       ,
                    
                     
                       To
                       which
                       great
                       
                       Neptune's
                       Trident
                       homage
                       yields
                       .
                    
                     
                       The
                       Builder's
                       Skill
                       equals
                       thy
                       strength
                       ;
                       in
                       thee
                    
                     
                       What
                       Nature
                       could
                       ,
                       what
                       Art
                       can
                       do
                       ,
                       we
                       see
                       .
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
               I
               have
               the
               rather
               thought
               fit
               to
               mention
               the
               just
               celebration
               of
               this
               Ship
               ,
               because
               some
               impudent
               Scriblers
               of
               the
               Coffee-House
               News-Letters
               presumed
               last
               Summer
               to
               scandalize
               her
               ,
               as
               if
               she
               were
               rotten
               ,
               and
               
               disabled
               for
               Sea-service
               ,
               whereas
               in
               truth
               she
               was
               then
               only
               put
               into
               the
               Dock
               for
               such
               necessary
               .
               Repairs
               as
               most
               of
               the
               thirty
               Capital
               Ships
               required
               ,
               which
               were
               built
               pursuant
               to
               the
               Order
               of
               Parliament
               ,
               but
               from
               thence
               she
               will
               be
               lanched
               out
               perfectly
               good
               ,
               and
               as
               strong
               as
               ●ver
               .
            
             
               It
               was
               a
               proverbial
               saying
               among
               the
               
                 ●●mans
                 ,
                 Moenia
                 Sancta
              
               :
               And
               the
               
                 profane
                 Vulgar
              
               ,
               who
               write
               their
               despicable
               Lyes
               for
               Bread
               ,
               ought
               not
               to
               be
               suffered
               to
               pollute
               the
               Walls
               of
               our
               Nation
               with
               their
               vile
               Pens
               ;
               and
               such
               
                 Epistolae
                 obscurorum
                 Virorum
              
               should
               meddle
               ,
               with
               the
               Gally-●oists
               of
               my
               Lord
               Mayor's
               Show
               ,
               and
               not
               
                 first
                 Rate
              
               Ships
               :
               And
               I
               believe
               had
               any
               such
               
                 pauvres
                 Diables
              
               in
               France
               so
               belyed
               the
               Sh●p
               
                 St.
                 Lewis
              
               ,
               they
               would
               have
               been
               Pillory'd
               ,
               or
               Keel-hauled
               under
               her
               .
            
             
               Our
               excellent
               Statesman
               Sir
               
                 William
                 Temple
              
               (
               who
               truly
               deserves
               the
               Name
               of
               a
               
                 publick
                 spirited
              
               Man
               ,
               for
               the
               excellent
               Writings
               he
               hath
               published
               )
               in
               his
               
                 Su●vey
                 of
                 the
                 Constitutions
                 and
                 In-Interests
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 and
                 other
                 Countries
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 relation
                 to
                 his
                 Majesty
                 
                 in
                 the
                 Year
              
               1671.
               mentions
               
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 our
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 as
                 having
                 for
                 many
                 Ages
                 past
                 (
                 and
                 still
                 for
                 ought
                 we
                 know
                 )
                 made
                 us
                 an
                 over-match
                 for
                 the
                 strongest
                 of
                 our
                 Neighbours
                 at
                 Sea
              
               ;
               and
               speaks
               of
               the
               Dutch
               
                 having
                 been
                 awed
                 by
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 our
                 Oak
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 our
                 Shipwrights
                 ,
              
               &c.
               
               It
               is
               therefore
               not
               without
               reason
               ,
               that
               the
               Charter
               of
               the
               Corporation
               of
               our
               Shipwrights
               hath
               obliged
               them
               not
               to
               communicate
               their
               Art
               to
               any
               Forreign
               Prince
               or
               State.
               But
               yet
               when
               I
               consider
               that
               whereas
               the
               Contracts
               of
               the
               Navy-Board
               for
               building
               of
               Ships
               did
               'till
               within
               these
               few
               Years
               past
               oblige
               the
               Builders
               to
               build
               with
               good
               substantial
               English
               Oaken
               Timber
               and
               Plank
               ,
               and
               that
               such
               not
               being
               now
               to
               be
               had
               ,
               that
               word
               [
               English
               ]
               is
               left
               out
               ,
               and
               liberty
               given
               to
               build
               with
               forreign
               ;
               and
               further
               consider
               ,
               that
               application
               was
               made
               to
               the
               Ministers
               of
               King
               Charles
               the
               second
               by
               the
               Cnrporation
               of
               Shipwrights
               ,
               shortly
               after
               his
               Restoration
               ,
               with
               their
               Proposals
               in
               Writing
               for
               the
               preservation
               and
               encrease
               of
               Oaken
               Timber
               (
               and
               Copies
               of
               which
               I
               have
               seen
               
               under
               the
               Hand
               of
               Sir
               
                 Phinehas
                 Pett
              
               ,
               and
               many
               others
               of
               the
               most
               eminent
               of
               that
               Corporation
               ,
               and
               that
               those
               Proposals
               being
               referred
               to
               the
               then
               
                 Attorney
                 General
              
               ,
               he
               referring
               their
               Consideration
               to
               the
               Navy-Board
               ,
               Sir
               
                 William
                 Coventry
              
               ,
               Mr.
               Pepys
               ,
               Sir
               
                 William
                 Batten
              
               ,
               and
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Commissioners
               of
               the
               Navy
               ,
               did
               with
               great
               Iudgment
               Report
               in
               Writing
               how
               and
               where
               a
               sufficient
               number
               of
               Oaken
               Trees
               might
               be
               planted
               in
               his
               Majesty's
               Forrests
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               judicious
               Report
               from
               that
               Board
               carryed
               with
               it
               self-evidence
               of
               the
               practicableness
               of
               th●
               thing
               with
               ease
               ,
               and
               that
               had
               not
               so
               great
               a
               Proposition
               then
               evaporated
               ,
               but
               on
               the
               contrary
               have
               been
               vigorously
               pursued
               ,
               the
               Oaken
               Timber
               sufficient
               for
               the
               use
               of
               the
               Navy
               Royal
               had
               now
               been
               in
               a
               forward
               way
               to
               its
               sufficient
               growth
               :
               For
               it
               having
               been
               known
               that
               Acorns
               sown
               ,
               have
               in
               the
               space
               of
               thirty
               Years
               born
               a
               Stemme
               of
               a
               Foot
               diameter
               ,
               't
               is
               obvious
               how
               soon
               they
               will
               bear
               a
               stemme
               of
               a
               foot
               and
               a
               half
               diameter
               ,
               and
               that
               such
               Timber
               so
               of
               a
               foot
               and
               a
               half
               ,
               will
               be
               sufficiently
               serviceable
               in
               the
               building
               of
               Ships
               .
               I
               say
               ,
               when
               I
               consider
               
               these
               things
               ,
               and
               fear
               how
               few
               else
               consider
               them
               here
               ,
               and
               how
               many
               observe
               and
               consider
               them
               abroad
               ,
               I
               think
               there
               is
               too
               much
               occasion
               to
               bewail
               our
               Soils
               not
               being
               fertile
               with
               men
               of
               publick
               Spirits
               .
            
             
               Whether
               we
               shall
               at
               this
               rate
               come
               to
               build
               with
               English
               Oak
               again
               before
               
               Plato's
               great
               Year
               ,
               I
               know
               not
               :
               But
               ,
               
                 my
                 Lord
              
               ,
               this
               that
               I
               have
               said
               doth
               speak
               ,
               (
               or
               as
               I
               may
               say
               )
               cry
               it
               aloud
               to
               us
               ,
               that
               while
               we
               have
               the
               
                 Mill'd●Lead
                 Sheathing
              
               for
               Ships
               ,
               without
               fear
               of
               losing
               it
               ,
               that
               he
               will
               scarce
               deserve
               to
               be
               thought
               a
               Patriot
               ,
               who
               at
               this
               time
               of
               day
               ,
               when
               the
               Crown
               hath
               so
               little
               Timber
               in
               its
               Forrests
               serviceable
               for
               Shipping
               ,
               and
               hath
               Lead
               of
               our
               own
               for
               Sheathing
               ,
               would
               have
               it
               unnecessarily
               send
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               Money
               for
               
               Eastland
               ●irr
               for
               that
               purpose
               ,
               of
               which
               the
               arrival
               here
               will
               be
               so
               uncertain
               ,
               and
               indeed
               hazardous
               in
               time
               of
               War.
               
            
             
               
                 My
                 Lord
              
               ,
               I
               intend
               not
               to
               entertain
               your
               Lordship
               with
               Rhetorical
               flourishes
               and
               Harangues
               of
               the
               usefulness
               of
               the
               Invention
               of
               the
               
                 Mill'd-Lead
                 Sheathing
              
               :
               It
               is
               of
               Age
               in
               the
               World
               to
               speak
               for
               it self
               ,
               and
               it
               hath
               had
               the
               Honour
               not
               only
               
               to
               have
               great
               unbyass'd
               Artists
               for
               its
               Encomiasts
               ,
               but
               a
               great
               Prince
               ,
               who
               had
               a
               profound
               Iudgment
               in
               the
               Shipwrights
               Mystery
               ,
               I
               mean
               King
               
                 Charles
                 the
                 second
              
               :
               For
               as
               soon
               as
               Sir
               
                 Francis
                 Watson
              
               had
               acquainted
               him
               with
               the
               Invention
               of
               Milling
               Lead
               for
               Sheathing
               ,
               his
               Majesty
               was
               very
               impatient
               'till
               he
               had
               made
               experiment
               thereof
               ,
               whereupon
               Lead
               was
               prepared
               by
               a
               small
               Engine
               ,
               wherewith
               the
               Phoenix
               ,
               a
               fourth
               Rate
               was
               sheathed
               by
               Sir
               
                 Anthony
                 Dean
              
               at
               Portsmouth
               ,
               which
               he
               saw
               done
               with
               care
               ,
               the
               Bolt-heads
               ,
               &c.
               being
               fairly
               parcelled
               ,
               as
               they
               ought
               to
               be
               in
               any
               sheathing
               ;
               and
               after
               divers
               Voyages
               to
               the
               
                 Straits
                 ,
                 Guinea
              
               ,
               and
               the
               
                 West
                 Indies
              
               ,
               she
               had
               her
               sheathing
               strip'd
               at
               seven
               Years
               end
               to
               repair
               the
               Plank
               ,
               but
               not
               for
               any
               defect
               in
               the
               Sheathing
               it self
               .
               Nor
               could
               those
               of
               the
               Navy-Board
               ,
               when
               at
               their
               attendance
               on
               the
               Council
               with
               their
               Complaints
               of
               Eight
               Ships
               in
               Twenty
               ,
               make
               the
               least
               Objection
               (
               though
               they
               were
               fairly
               challenged
               to
               it
               )
               against
               the
               
                 Rudder-Irons
                 ,
                 Bolts
              
               ,
               or
               other
               
                 Iron
                 work
              
               of
               the
               Phoenix
               ;
               the
               which
               made
               that
               judicious
               Peer
               ,
               the
               then
               
               Earl
               of
               Hallifax
               declare
               ,
               That
               if
               of
               twenty
               Ships
               they
               complained
               of
               Nineteen
               ,
               and
               had
               nothing
               to
               say
               against
               the
               twentieth
               ,
               he
               must
               conclude
               it
               to
               be
               the
               Workmens
               fault
               ,
               for
               if
               they
               had
               done
               the
               other
               nineteen
               as
               that
               twentieth
               Ship
               was
               done
               ,
               they
               must
               have
               proved
               all
               as
               well
               as
               she
               :
               The
               King
               also
               at
               the
               same
               time
               ,
               when
               they
               objecting
               that
               the
               Merchants
               did
               not
               use
               it
               ,
               which
               they
               would
               do
               if
               it
               was
               so
               good
               a
               sheathing
               as
               was
               pretended
               ,
               replyed
               ,
               
                 That
                 the
                 Shipwrights
                 (
                 whose
                 best
                 Friend
                 the
                 Worm
                 was
                 )
                 wanted
                 not
                 Skill
                 to
                 discourage
                 them
                 ;
                 yet
                 that
                 their
                 decrying
                 it
                 must
                 soon
                 be
                 discerned
                 to
                 proceed
                 from
                 their
                 interest
                 .
              
               And
               indeed
               it
               is
               obvious
               how
               the
               Shipwrights
               do
               influence
               the
               Merchants
               and
               Owners
               in
               the
               Sheathing
               and
               other
               Repairs
               of
               Ships
               ,
               by
               their
               being
               generally
               Part-Owners
               in
               all
               the
               new
               Ships
               they
               build
               .
            
             
               Nor
               is
               it
               to
               be
               wondred
               at
               that
               the
               King
               from
               the
               beginning
               gave
               all
               the
               encouragement
               he
               could
               to
               this
               Invention
               ;
               for
               when
               he
               considered
               of
               the
               thing
               upon
               Sir
               Francis
               Wat●on's
               first
               laying
               it
               before
               him
               ,
               his
               Majesty
               pressed
               him
               to
               make
               effectual
               
               Preparation
               for
               the
               Work
               ,
               saying
               ,
               
                 It
                 would
                 save
                 him
                 at
                 least
              
               40000
               l.
               
                 a
                 Year
                 in
                 his
                 Navy
              
               ,
               the
               which
               was
               not
               improbable
               ,
               if
               it
               had
               met
               with
               that
               due
               encouragement
               ,
               use
               and
               application
               for
               
                 Sheathing
                 ,
                 Scuppers
                 ,
                 Bread
                 rooms
                 ,
              
               and
               all
               other
               purposes
               it
               was
               capable
               of
               ,
               with
               regard
               had
               to
               the
               charge
               and
               damage
               that
               a
               Wood-sheathing
               brings
               to
               the
               Plank
               by
               the
               great
               Nail-holes
               ,
               which
               they
               use
               to
               spile
               up
               at
               stripping
               ,
               and
               other
               inconveniences
               that
               attend
               Wood-sheathing
               .
            
             
               And
               here
               it
               occurrs
               to
               my
               thoughts
               ,
               that
               his
               Majesty
               being
               occasionally
               in
               
                 Dep●ford
                 yard
              
               ,
               as
               the
               Workmen
               were
               bringing
               on
               an
               ordinary
               
               Straits-sheathing
               with
               Wood
               upon
               one
               of
               his
               small
               Ships
               ,
               he
               asked
               them
               
                 why
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 sheath
                 her
                 with
                 Mill'd-Lead
                 ,
              
               and
               answer
               was
               made
               ,
               
                 she
                 was
                 a
                 weak
                 Ship
                 ,
                 and
                 required
                 strengthning
                 .
              
               The
               King
               thereupon
               replyed
               ,
               
                 they
                 had
                 as
                 good
                 have
                 sheathed
                 her
                 with
                 Sar●enet
                 ,
                 as
                 such
                 a
                 sheathing
                 to
                 strengthen
                 her
                 ,
              
               and
               saying
               ,
               
                 Lord
                 have
                 Mercy
                 on
                 the
                 Men
                 who
                 depend
                 on
                 that
                 sheathing
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Ship
                 be
                 not
                 strong
                 enough
                 her self
                 without
                 it
                 .
              
            
             
             
               One
               would
               think
               now
               ,
               
                 my
                 Lord
              
               ,
               that
               after
               so
               great
               a
               King
               ,
               so
               judicious
               in
               all
               Naval
               Mechanicks
               had
               approved
               the
               great
               usefulness
               of
               this
               Invention
               ,
               and
               after
               all
               his
               eminent
               Master-builders
               (
               and
               who
               were
               the
               only
               Shiprights
               disinterested
               from
               opposing
               it
               ,
               in
               regard
               their
               subsistence
               depended
               only
               on
               their
               Salaries
               from
               the
               Crown
               )
               had
               done
               so
               too
               ,
               it
               should
               be
               some
               potent
               and
               weighty
               Objection
               that
               should
               be
               a
               Remora
               to
               ●●s
               progress
               .
               But
               according
               to
               the
               idle
               conceit
               of
               the
               Fish
               Remora
               ,
               which
               mens
               so●tishness
               hath
               made
               a
               vulgar
               one
               ,
               namely
               that
               it
               can
               stop
               the
               motion
               of
               a
               Ship
               under
               sail
               ,
               (
               and
               some
               vain
               Authors
               have
               essayed
               in
               print
               to
               give
               reasons
               for
               such
               energy
               of
               that
               Fish
               ;
               and
               other
               Authors
               have
               attributed
               the
               cause
               of
               that
               Fish's
               power
               to
               that
               mighty
               nothing
               of
               
                 occult
                 qualities
              
               ,
               whereas
               the
               true
               cause
               of
               that
               vulgar
               Error
               was
               what
               an
               old
               famous
               Naturalist
               said
               of
               that●
               Fish
               ,
               
                 Flent
                 venti
                 ,
                 saeviant
                 procellae
                 ,
                 semper
                 Navem
                 immobiliter
                 tenet
              
               ;
               which
               implies
               no
               more
               ,
               but
               that
               notwithstanding
               ●ny
               violent
               Tempests
               ,
               it
               always
               did
               stick
               to
               the
               Ship
               immoveably
               )
               a
               superstitious
               
               vain
               imagination
               of
               an
               impossibility
               ,
               namely
               ,
               of
               the
               
                 Mill'd
                 Lead
              
               corroding
               the
               Iron-work
               ,
               through
               some
               
                 occult
                 quality
              
               ,
               hath
               been
               made
               use
               of
               as
               the
               Remora
               that
               hath
               hindred
               the
               progress
               of
               this
               Invention
               ,
               when
               it
               was
               so
               fairly
               under
               sail
               ,
               and
               had
               made
               so
               good
               a
               Voyage
               for
               the
               Crown
               ,
               as
               to
               bring
               it
               above
               
                 Cent.
                 per
                 Cent.
              
               profit
               ,
               besides
               the
               great
               advantage
               in
               sailing
               .
            
             
               But
               it
               is
               no
               matter
               of
               Raillery
               ,
               to
               observe
               that
               many
               excellent
               and
               most
               useful
               Inventions
               have
               been
               
                 run
                 down
              
               in
               the
               World
               by
               superstitious
               Fancies
               and
               Imaginations
               ,
               and
               fortifying
               impossibilities
               with
               occult
               qualities
               ;
               insomuch
               that
               our
               late
               Act
               for
               burying
               in
               Flannel
               ,
               that
               was
               of
               such
               benefit
               to
               the
               publick
               ,
               was
               once
               in
               danger
               of
               being
               run
               down
               by
               an
               idle
               Notion
               of
               an
               impossibility
               that
               intoxicated
               the
               beliefs
               of
               the
               Mob
               ,
               namely
               ,
               that
               the
               Air
               was
               likely
               to
               receive
               putrefaction
               by
               Flannels
               making
               the
               Dead
               to
               sweat
               ;
               and
               as
               reasonably
               may
               the
               populace
               here
               imagine
               ,
               that
               the
               New-River-Water
               conveyed
               to
               dress
               their
               Meat
               through
               Pipes
               of
               Lead
               ,
               will
               corrode
               their
               entrails
               ,
               if
               Lead
               hath
               
               such
               an
               occult
               quality
               to
               corrode
               Iron
               :
               And
               as
               well
               may
               we
               be
               afraid
               to
               take
               the
               Venice
               Treacle
               ,
               because
               of
               its
               being
               long
               kept
               in
               boxes
               of
               Lead
               .
            
             
               But
               your
               Lordships
               Iudgment
               is
               so
               excellent
               ,
               that
               it
               cannot
               be
               imposed
               on
               by
               a
               
                 Non
                 Causa
                 pro
                 Causa
              
               ,
               or
               any
               other
               fallacy
               ;
               and
               that
               I
               might
               totally
               avoid
               the
               least
               suspicion
               of
               one
               who
               would
               impose
               either
               on
               your
               Lordship
               ,
               or
               on
               any
               of
               Mankind
               ,
               while
               under
               the
               shelter
               of
               your
               Lordships
               Name
               I
               write
               to
               the
               World
               ,
               I
               have
               here
               fairly
               and
               candidly
               set
               forth
               the
               Matters
               of
               Fact
               in
               the
               Transactions
               the
               Settlement
               of
               this
               Invention
               hath
               occasioned
               on
               the
               Stage
               of
               the
               World.
               
            
             
               
                 My
                 Lord
              
               ,
               I
               know
               it
               is
               fit
               for
               your
               Lordships
               entire
               satisfaction
               ,
               and
               that
               of
               others
               ,
               that
               I
               should
               mention
               what
               ensued
               upon
               the
               Company
               's
               Reply
               to
               the
               Navy-Board
               before
               the
               Lords
               Commissioners
               of
               the
               Admiralty
               .
               In
               short
               ,
               one
               of
               those
               Lords
               ,
               who
               was
               likewise
               a
               Member
               of
               the
               
                 Privy
                 Council
              
               ,
               was
               by
               that
               Admiralty-Board
               desired
               to
               carry
               both
               that
               Report
               and
               Reply
               to
               the
               Council-Board
               :
               And
               upon
               reading
               the
               Report
               ,
               
               his
               Majesty
               in
               Council
               was
               pleas'd
               to
               referr
               the
               whole
               matter
               back
               again
               to
               those
               Commissioners
               of
               the
               Admiralty
               ;
               and
               whereupon
               the
               Company
               addressed
               themselves
               by
               the
               Memorial
               herewith
               also
               published
               ,
               desiring
               that
               for
               the
               greater
               clearness
               of
               the
               matters
               complained
               of
               ,
               that
               what
               the
               Navy-Board
               or
               the
               Company
               had
               further
               to
               say
               ,
               might
               be
               laid
               down
               before
               them
               in
               Writing
               .
               It
               is
               fit
               I
               should
               here
               acquaint
               your
               Lordship
               that
               the
               Companys
               Reply
               was
               drawn
               by
               the
               excellent
               Pen
               of
               Mr.
               Pepys
               ,
               and
               whom
               the
               Author
               of
               that
               most
               elaborate
               Book
               ,
               
                 The
                 happy
                 future
                 State
                 of
              
               England
               ,
               doth
               deservedly
               call
               
                 the
                 great
                 Treasurer
                 of
                 Naval
                 and
                 Maritime
                 knowledge
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 variety
                 of
                 the
                 Learning
                 which
                 we
                 call
              
               Recondita
               Eruditio
               .
               And
               it
               is
               no
               reflection
               on
               the
               Integrity
               of
               those
               Gentlemen
               of
               the
               Navy-Board
               ,
               who
               made
               the
               complaining
               Report
               against
               this
               Invention
               ,
               when
               I
               shall
               say
               that
               Mr.
               Pepys
               his
               Character
               justly
               renders
               him
               aequiponderous
               to
               them
               in
               Moral
               ,
               and
               much
               superiour
               in
               Philosophical
               and
               Political
               Knowledge
               ,
               and
               the
               universal
               Knowledge
               of
               the
               Oeconomy
               of
               the
               Navy
               .
            
             
             
               But
               before
               there
               was
               any
               further
               proceeding
               ,
               his
               Majesty
               thought
               fit
               to
               supersede
               that
               Commission
               for
               executing
               the
               Office
               of
               the
               
                 Lord
                 High
                 Admiral
              
               :
               And
               the
               King
               then
               taking
               the
               Admiralty
               into
               his
               own
               hands
               ,
               and
               the
               Company
               having
               thoughts
               to
               Petition
               his
               Majesty
               to
               hear
               the
               whole
               Matter
               himself
               ,
               they
               were
               by
               some
               Persons
               newly
               put
               into
               the
               Navy-Board
               ,
               (
               who
               had
               for
               several
               Years
               shewed
               their
               approbation
               of
               the
               
                 Mill'd-Lead
                 Sheathing
              
               )
               advised
               to
               offer
               to
               that
               Board
               a
               New
               Proposal
               to
               sheath
               at
               a
               rate
               certain
               by
               the
               yard
               ●qu●re
               ,
               and
               with
               an
               intimation
               that
               the
               Navy-Board
               would
               take
               it
               more
               kindly
               ,
               and
               that
               they
               were
               by
               this
               time
               satisfied
               that
               their
               former
               Complaint
               was
               by
               misinformation
               .
               This
               Advice
               was
               approved
               ,
               and
               a
               new
               Proposal
               laid
               before
               the
               Board
               ,
               the
               20th
               .
               of
               December
               ,
               1686.
               which
               was
               much
               approved
               by
               Mr.
               Pepys
               ,
               saying
               ,
               
                 That
                 he
                 doubted
                 not
                 but
                 they
                 would
                 comply
                 with
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 declaring
                 that
                 on
                 his
                 part
                 when
                 it
                 came
                 into
                 his
                 way
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 promote
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 full
                 Conviction
              
               (
               to
               use
               his
               own
               words
               )
               
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 great
                 Service
                 to
                 the
                 King
              
               ;
               
               and
               whether
               for
               that
               there
               was
               no
               occasion
               for
               a
               good
               while
               to
               sheath
               any
               of
               the
               Kings
               Ships
               ,
               or
               by
               reason
               of
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               peremptory
               business
               calling
               for
               the
               time
               of
               that
               Board
               ,
               or
               by
               the
               Company
               's
               happening
               to
               be
               slack
               in
               their
               application
               ,
               I
               know
               not
               ;
               but
               it
               seems
               that
               after
               a
               years
               time
               that
               Board
               was
               pleased
               to
               referr
               to
               two
               of
               their
               own
               Members
               ,
               Sir
               
                 Phinehas
                 Pett
              
               and
               Sir
               
                 Anthony
                 Dean
              
               (
               who
               had
               both
               of
               them
               been
               Master-builders
               )
               the
               Consideration
               of
               the
               Company
               's
               new
               Proposal
               .
               Nor
               could
               the
               Company
               wish
               for
               more
               equal
               Iudges
               of
               the
               
                 Mill'd-Lead
                 Sheathing
              
               ,
               than
               those
               two
               worthy
               Persons
               ,
               who
               so
               well
               understood
               it
               ,
               and
               had
               formerly
               done
               so
               much
               right
               to
               it
               upon
               all
               occasions
               ,
               as
               judging
               it
               so
               much
               for
               the
               King's
               service
               :
               But
               the
               Kings
               service
               calling
               them
               from
               the
               Navy-Board
               to
               a
               long
               stay
               at
               Chatham
               ,
               to
               which
               place
               it
               stood
               not
               with
               the
               Company
               's
               convenience
               to
               repair
               ,
               and
               there
               press
               them
               to
               make
               their
               Report
               ;
               and
               a
               long
               Sickness
               seizing
               on
               Sir
               
                 Phinehas
                 Pett
              
               at
               his
               return
               from
               Chatham
               ,
               and
               he
               being
               shortly
               after
               his
               recovery
               ,
               employed
               in
               a
               Iourney
               about
               the
               King's
               service
               in
               some
               
               other
               of
               his
               Majesty's
               remote
               Yards
               ;
               or
               what
               else
               being
               the
               true
               Cause
               thereof
               ,
               as
               your
               Lordship
               may
               judge
               ,
               so
               it
               is
               that
               the
               said
               Proposal
               ,
               which
               is
               herewith
               also
               printed
               lies
               still
               before
               that
               Board
               without
               any
               further
               proceedings
               thereon
               ever
               since
               .
            
             
               
                 My
                 Lord
              
               ,
               I
               have
               now
               let
               your
               Lordship
               see
               how
               I
               have
               been
               
                 damnatus
                 ad
                 Metallum
              
               in
               the
               progress
               of
               this
               Invention
               :
               And
               considering
               the
               course
               of
               corrupt
               and
               degenerate
               humane
               Nature
               ,
               no
               Inventers
               can
               promise
               themselves
               a
               nobler
               fate
               ,
               thô
               the
               scene
               of
               their
               Invention
               lay
               in
               a
               nobler
               mettal
               .
            
             
               
                 For
                 as
                 Sir
              
               William
               Petty
               
                 well
                 observes
                 in
                 his
              
               Observations
               
                 on
                 the
              
               Bills
               of
               Mortality
               ,
               that
               if
               the
               art
               of
               making
               gold
               were
               known
               to
               one
               person
               ,
               such
               single
               adeptus
               could
               not
               ,
               nay
               durst
               not
               enjoy
               it
               ,
               but
               must
               be
               either
               a
               Prisoner
               to
               some
               Prince
               ,
               and
               slave
               to
               some
               voluptuary
               ,
               or
               else
               sculk
               obscurely
               up
               and
               down
               for
               his
               privacy
               and
               concealment
               .
            
             
               And
               so
               churlish
               hath
               the
               generality
               of
               Men
               been
               to
               Inventers
               ,
               whose
               discoveries
               have
               only
               salved
               the
               Phoenomena
               ,
               that
               they
               have
               been
               unwilling
               to
               give
               
               those
               a
               good
               word
               who
               have
               taught
               the
               Age
               great
               things
               ,
               yet
               such
               where
               the
               brightness
               of
               their
               knowledge
               would
               not
               have
               the
               operation
               of
               the
               Sun-beams
               ,
               in
               putting
               out
               any
               mans
               Kitchin
               fire
               .
            
             
               And
               this
               made
               the
               Great
               
                 Tycho
                 Brahe
              
               ,
               as
               to
               his
               famed
               Discovery
               console
               himself
               ,
               by
               appealing
               from
               the
               judgment
               of
               the
               Age
               he
               lived
               in
               to
               that
               of
               Posterity
               .
            
             
               I
               shall
               here
               divert
               your
               Lordship
               ,
               by
               entertaining
               you
               in
               his
               Study
               which
               he
               had
               in
               an
               Island
               in
               Denmark
               by
               the
               Munificence
               of
               his
               Patron
               King
               Frederick
               ,
               and
               where
               (
               removing
               the
               cover
               of
               the
               room
               )
               he
               could
               as
               he
               lay
               with
               his
               face
               upward
               in
               the
               Night
               time
               exercise
               his
               speculation
               with
               beholding
               the
               Stars
               .
               And
               there
               he
               had
               all
               the
               famous
               Astronomers
               painted
               ,
               and
               the
               following
               Verses
               were
               added
               ,
               each
               to
               the
               Picture
               to
               which
               they
               belonged
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       Salvete
                       Heroes
                       ,
                       vetus
                       O
                       Timochare
                       salve
                       :
                    
                     
                       Aetheris
                       ante
                       alios
                       ause
                       subire
                       polos
                       .
                    
                     
                     
                       Tu
                       quoque
                       demensus
                       solis
                       ,
                       lunaeque
                       recursus
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Hipparche
                       ,
                       &
                       quotquot
                       sydera
                       Olympus
                       habet
                       .
                    
                     
                       Anriquos
                       superare
                       volens
                       ,
                       Ptolomaee
                       ,
                       labores
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Orbibus
                       innumeris
                       promptius
                       astra
                       locas
                       .
                    
                     
                       Emendare
                       aliquid
                       satis
                       Albategne
                       studebas
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Sydera
                       conatus
                       posthabuere
                       tuos
                       .
                    
                     
                       Quod
                       labor
                       &
                       Studium
                       reliquis
                       tibi
                       contulit
                       aurum
                       ,
                    
                     
                       Alphonse
                       ut
                       tantis
                       annumerere
                       Viris
                       .
                    
                     
                       Curriculis
                       tritis
                       diffise
                       Copernice
                       terram
                    
                     
                       Invitam
                       ,
                       astriferum
                       flectere
                       cogis
                       iter
                       .
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
               In
               the
               best
               place
               
                 Tycho
                 Brahe
              
               had
               set
               his
               own
               Picture
               with
               the
               following
               Verses
               ,
               
                 
                   Quaesitis
                   veterum
                   &
                   propriis
                   Normae
                   astra
                   subegi
                   ,
                
                 
                   Quanti
                   id
                   ,
                   Judicium
                   posteritatis
                   erit
                   .
                
              
            
             
             
               Your
               Lordship
               who
               knows
               so
               many
               things
               ,
               can
               be
               no
               stranger
               to
               the
               fate
               of
               Galilaeus
               ,
               who
               after
               he
               had
               placed
               the
               Earth
               among
               the
               Heavens
               ,
               found
               so
               much
               ingratitude
               on
               it
               as
               to
               be
               made
               a
               Prisoner
               in
               it
               for
               so
               doing
               ,
               by
               no
               meaner
               a
               Man
               than
               Pope
               Urban
               the
               
                 8th
                 .
                 Gassendus
              
               tells
               us
               of
               this
               in
               his
               Life
               of
               Peiresk
               ,
               and
               how
               Peiresk
               wrote
               a
               Letter
               to
               him
               ,
               to
               condole
               with
               him
               during
               his
               confinement
               ,
               and
               employ'd
               his
               interest
               in
               a
               great
               Cardinal
               to
               procure
               his
               enlargement
               .
               Pope
               Urban
               ,
               it
               seems
               ,
               had
               wrote
               an
               idle
               Comment
               upon
               
                 Aristotle
                 de
                 Coelo
              
               ,
               and
               Galilaeus
               thought
               fit
               to
               confute
               him
               ,
               giving
               him
               the
               Name
               of
               Simplicius
               :
               But
               the
               Pope
               got
               his
               Book
               condemned
               by
               the
               Consistory
               as
               
                 heretical
                 ;
                 ab
                 arte
                 suâ
                 non
                 recedens
                 ,
              
               thô
               very
               unnatural
               .
            
             
               Thus
               dangerous
               a
               thing
               is
               it
               for
               a
               Man
               to
               over-oblige
               the
               World.
               
            
             
               And
               here
               it
               comes
               in
               my
               way
               to
               observe
               how
               Dr.
               
                 Robert
                 Wood
              
               ,
               a
               person
               very
               famous
               for
               all
               Mathematical
               knowledge
               ,
               lately
               trying
               to
               salve
               the
               Credit
               of
               this
               Age
               from
               being
               thought
               barbarous
               on
               the
               account
               of
               Easter-day
               being
               so
               ill
               fixt
               in
               our
               Liturgy
               ,
               hath
               not
               been
               
               by
               any
               Author
               I
               have
               met
               with
               ,
               except
               one
               ,
               so
               much
               as
               quoted
               for
               his
               illuminating
               us
               .
            
             
               
                 The
                 only
                 Person
                 who
                 quotes
                 him
                 for
                 it
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 the
                 Author
                 of
              
               The
               happy
               future
               State
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 there
                 in
              
               p.
               241.
               
                 like
                 a
                 careful
                 observer
                 of
                 the
                 Age
                 ,
                 hath
                 these
                 following
                 passages
                 ,
              
               viz.
               The
               great
               Controversie
               about
               Easter
               ,
               that
               heretofore
               put
               all
               the
               World
               in
               a
               rattle
               ,
               and
               almost
               shook
               it
               to
               pieces
               ,
               what
               a
               toy
               is
               it self
               now
               reputed
               ,
               insomuch
               that
               our
               latest
               Ascertainers
               here
               of
               the
               time
               of
               its
               celebration
               ,
               seem'd
               not
               to
               think
               it
               tanti
               to
               awake
               when
               they
               were
               about
               it
               ;
               and
               thô
               onr
               lately
               having
               in
               our
               Almanacks
               two
               Easters
               in
               one
               Year
               ,
               easily
               awaken'd
               the
               Non-conformists
               to
               take
               notice
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               to
               say
               ,
               that
               therefore
               they
               could
               not
               give
               their
               unfeigned
               assent
               and
               consent
               to
               all
               and
               every
               thing
               contained
               in
               ,
               and
               prescribed
               by
               the
               Book
               entituled
               
                 The
                 Book
                 of
                 Common-Prayer
              
               ,
               &c.
               
               And
               thô
               thereupon
               a
               Person
               of
               the
               Royal
               Society
               ,
               very
               profoundly
               knowing
               in
               all
               the
               Mathematical
               Sciences
               ,
               hath
               publish'd
               an
               infallible
               way
               of
               fixing
               Easter
               for
               ever
               ,
               
               (
               and
               that
               it
               may
               be
               no
               longer
               a
               fugitive
               from
               the
               rule
               of
               its
               practice
               ,
               as
               it
               often
               is
               at
               present
               ,
               nor
               dance
               away
               from
               it self
               ,
               as
               I
               may
               say
               in
               allusion
               to
               the
               
                 vulgar
                 Error
              
               of
               the
               Suns
               dancing
               on
               Easter-day
               )
               and
               fixing
               it
               so
               as
               perhaps
               none
               else
               could
               have
               done
               ,
               nor
               possibly
               himself
               any
               other
               way
               ,
               yet
               hath
               this
               great
               right
               done
               to
               that
               great
               day
               ,
               been
               by
               the
               generality
               of
               People
               not
               so
               much
               regarded
               as
               would
               
                 an
                 Advice
                 to
                 a
                 Painter
              
               ,
               or
               such
               like
               Composure
               have
               been
               .
            
             
               But
               however
               ,
               the
               Doctor
               having
               publish'd
               it
               but
               in
               a
               quarter
               of
               a
               Sheet
               of
               loose
               Paper
               ,
               and
               that
               may
               be
               likely
               to
               come
               among
               the
               
                 Res
                 deperditae
              
               ,
               I
               shall
               here
               record
               that
               his
               Invention
               in
               his
               own
               words
               ,
               that
               it
               may
               the
               better
               be
               transmitted
               to
               the
               
                 Judicium
                 posteritatis
              
               ,
               the
               present
               World
               being
               not
               only
               a
               kind
               of
               Areopagus
               that
               sits
               in
               the
               dark
               ,
               but
               is
               also
               asleep
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         
                         
                           Novus
                           Annus
                           Luni-Solaris
                           ,
                           sive
                           Ratio
                           Temporis
                           Emendata
                           :
                        
                         
                           Ita
                           ut
                           Mensis
                           quilibet
                           Initium
                           sumat
                           a
                           Novi-lunio
                           ,
                           intra
                           unum
                           plus
                           minus
                           Diem
                           ;
                           &
                           quilibet
                           Annus
                           ,
                           intra
                           semi-mensem
                           ab
                           Equinoxio
                           verno
                           .
                        
                         
                           I.
                           Incipiat
                           
                             Calculus
                             cum
                          
                           10
                           /
                           20
                           Martii
                           ,
                           1680.
                           
                        
                         
                           II.
                           Distribuatur
                           inde
                           Tempus
                           in
                           Periodos
                           ,
                           continentes
                           38
                           Annos
                           ;
                           viz.
                           24
                           ordinarios
                           ,
                           (
                           Mensium
                           duodecim
                           )
                           and
                           14
                           extraordinarios
                           ,
                           mensium
                           tredecim
                           .
                        
                         
                           III.
                           Anni
                           cujuscunque
                           ,
                           
                             communes
                             &
                             priores
                          
                           duodecim
                           Menses
                           
                             constent
                             è
                          
                           Diebus
                           ,
                           alternatim
                           ,
                           30
                           ,
                           29
                           ,
                           &c.
                           
                           
                             Hoc
                             est
                          
                           ,
                           primus
                           
                             Mensis
                             ,
                             è
                             diebus
                             30
                          
                           ;
                           secundus
                           ,
                           29
                           ;
                           tertius
                           ,
                           30
                           ,
                           &c.
                           viz.
                           Impar
                           Luna
                           pari
                           ,
                           par
                           
                             fiet
                             in
                             impare
                             Mense
                          
                           .
                        
                         
                           IV.
                           In
                           Periodi
                           cujuscunque
                           Annis
                           2
                           ,
                           
                           5
                           ,
                           7
                           ,
                           10
                           ,
                           13
                           ,
                           15
                           ,
                           18
                           ,
                           21
                           ,
                           24
                           ,
                           26
                           ,
                           29
                           ,
                           32
                           ,
                           34
                           ,
                           37
                           ,
                           hoc
                           est
                           ,
                           in
                           14
                           extraordinariis
                           Annis
                           ,
                           intercaletur
                           
                             Mensis
                             decimus
                             tertius
                          
                           ,
                           Dierum
                           31
                           ,
                           30
                           ,
                           &c.
                           alternè
                           etiam
                           numerandorum
                           :
                           viz.
                           in
                           periodi
                           Anno
                           secundo
                           ,
                           Mensis
                           13
                           us
                           intercalaris
                           habeat
                           31
                           dies
                           ;
                           Anno
                           quinto
                           ,
                           30
                           dies
                           ;
                           septimo
                           ,
                           31
                           ,
                           &c.
                           
                        
                         
                           V.
                           Singulis
                           (
                           37
                           Periodis
                           )
                           1406
                           Annis
                           ,
                           
                             inserantur
                             14
                             Dies
                          
                           :
                           Hoc
                           est
                           ,
                           1
                           Dies
                           singulis
                           100●
                           /
                           7
                           Annis
                           ;
                           vel
                           potius
                           ,
                           in
                           800
                           Annis
                           ,
                           1
                           Dies
                           singulis
                           100
                           Annis
                           ;
                           &
                           in
                           606
                           ,
                           1
                           Dies
                           singulis
                           101
                           ,
                           alternatim
                           interponatur
                           .
                        
                         
                           Quo
                           facto
                           ,
                           aequabitur
                           Temporis
                           Ratio
                           in
                           
                             Secula
                             seculorum
                          
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             R.
                             W.
                             
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Mensura
                           Mensis
                           Medii
                           Synodici
                           &
                           Communis
                           secundum
                           Astronomos
                           ,
                           viz.
                           
                        
                         
                           
                             
                               
                                  
                              
                               
                                  
                              
                               
                                 d.
                                 
                              
                               
                                 h.
                                 
                              
                               
                                 I
                              
                               
                                 II
                              
                               
                                 III
                              
                               
                                 IIII
                              
                            
                             
                               
                                 Hipparch
                                 .
                              
                               
                                 Ptolom
                                 .
                              
                               
                                 29
                              
                               
                                 12
                              
                               
                                 44
                              
                               
                                 3
                              
                               
                                 15
                              
                               
                                 44
                              
                            
                             
                               
                                 Lansberg
                                 .
                              
                               
                                 Vendelin
                                 .
                              
                               
                                 29
                              
                               
                                 12
                              
                               
                                 44
                              
                               
                                 3
                              
                               
                                 12
                              
                            
                             
                               
                                  
                              
                               
                                 Kepler
                                 .
                              
                               
                                 29
                              
                               
                                 12
                              
                               
                                 44
                              
                               
                                 3
                              
                               
                                 10
                              
                               
                                 50
                              
                            
                             
                               
                                 Copernic
                                 .
                              
                               
                                 Reinold
                                 .
                              
                               
                                 29
                              
                               
                                 12
                              
                               
                                 44
                              
                               
                                 3
                              
                               
                                 10
                              
                               
                                 48
                              
                            
                             
                               
                                 Vieta
                                 .
                              
                               
                                 Clav.
                                 
                              
                               
                                 29
                              
                               
                                 12
                              
                               
                                 44
                              
                               
                                 3
                              
                               
                                 10
                              
                               
                                 43
                              
                            
                             
                               
                                  
                              
                               
                                 R.
                                 W.
                                 
                              
                               
                                 29
                              
                               
                                 12
                              
                               
                                 44
                              
                               
                                 3
                              
                               
                                 10
                              
                               
                                 27
                              
                            
                             
                               
                                  
                              
                               
                                 Dechales
                                 .
                              
                               
                                 29
                              
                               
                                 12
                              
                               
                                 44
                              
                               
                                 3
                              
                               
                                 10
                              
                               
                                 9
                              
                            
                             
                               
                                  
                              
                               
                                 Ricciol
                                 .
                              
                               
                                 29
                              
                               
                                 12
                              
                               
                                 44
                              
                               
                                 3
                              
                               
                                 10
                              
                            
                             
                               
                                  
                              
                               
                                 Bulliald
                                 .
                              
                               
                                 29
                              
                               
                                 12
                              
                               
                                 44
                              
                               
                                 3
                              
                               
                                 9
                              
                               
                                 37
                              
                            
                             
                               
                                  
                              
                               
                                 Tyc●o
                                 .
                              
                               
                                 29
                              
                               
                                 12
                              
                               
                                 44
                              
                               
                                 3
                              
                               
                                 8
                              
                               
                                 39
                              
                            
                          
                        
                      
                    
                     
                       
                       
                         A
                         rectified
                         Account
                         of
                         TIME
                         ,
                         by
                         a
                         New
                         Luni-Solar
                         Year
                         ;
                      
                       
                         So
                         as
                         the
                         beginning
                         of
                         every
                         Month
                         shall
                         be
                         within
                         about
                         a
                         Day
                         of
                         the
                         New
                         Moon
                         ;
                         and
                         of
                         every
                         Year
                         ,
                         within
                         half
                         a
                         Month
                         of
                         the
                         Vernal
                         Equinox
                         .
                      
                       
                         I.
                         LET
                         the
                         Account
                         begin
                         with
                         March
                         10
                         ,
                         1680.
                         
                         From
                         thence
                         —
                      
                       
                         II.
                         Let
                         Time
                         be
                         divided
                         into
                         Periods
                         ,
                         of
                         38
                         Years
                         each
                         ;
                         
                           viz.
                           24
                           ordinary
                        
                         Years
                         ,
                         of
                         twelue
                         Months
                         ;
                         and
                         14
                         extraordinary
                         ,
                         of
                         thirteen
                         Months
                         .
                      
                       
                         III.
                         In
                         every
                         Year
                         ,
                         
                           let
                           the
                        
                         twelve
                         
                           first
                           common
                        
                         Months
                         
                           consist
                           of
                        
                         Days
                         30
                         ,
                         29
                         ,
                         &c.
                         alternately
                         ;
                         viz.
                         the
                         first
                         Month
                         ,
                         
                           of
                           30
                           Days
                           ;
                           the
                        
                         second
                         ,
                         of
                         29
                         ;
                         the
                         third
                         of
                         30
                         ,
                         &c.
                         
                           that
                           is
                           ,
                           The
                        
                         od
                         
                           Months
                           ,
                           of
                           even
                           days
                           ;
                           and
                           the
                        
                         even
                         
                           Months
                           ,
                           of
                           od
                           days
                        
                         :
                      
                       
                         IV.
                         But
                         in
                         the
                         Years
                         2
                         ,
                         5
                         ,
                         7
                         ,
                         10
                         ,
                         13
                         ,
                         
                         15
                         ,
                         18
                         ,
                         21
                         ,
                         24
                         ,
                         26
                         ,
                         29
                         ,
                         32
                         ,
                         34
                         ,
                         37
                         ,
                         of
                         every
                         Period
                         ,
                         viz.
                         in
                         the
                         14
                         extraordinary
                         Years
                         ,
                         let
                         a
                         13
                         th
                         Month
                         be
                         intercalated
                         ,
                         having
                         Days
                         31
                         ,
                         30
                         ,
                         &c
                         ,
                         alternately
                         also
                         :
                         viz.
                         the
                         intercalar
                         13
                         th
                         Month
                         of
                         the
                         second
                         Year
                         of
                         the
                         Period
                         ,
                         to
                         have
                         31
                         days
                         ;
                         of
                         the
                         5
                         th
                         Year
                         ,
                         30
                         days
                         ;
                         of
                         the
                         7
                         th
                         ,
                         31
                         ,
                         &c.
                         
                      
                       
                         V.
                         Let
                         14
                         
                           additional
                           Days
                        
                         be
                         inserted
                         every
                         (
                         37
                         Periods
                         )
                         1406
                         Years
                         ;
                         that
                         is
                         ,
                         1
                         Day
                         every
                         100
                         Years
                         and
                         3
                         /
                         7
                         of
                         a
                         year
                         ;
                         or
                         rather
                         ,
                         1
                         Day
                         every
                         100
                         Years
                         ,
                         for
                         800
                         ;
                         and
                         for
                         606
                         ,
                         1
                         Day
                         every
                         101
                         Years
                         ,
                         interchangeably
                         .
                      
                       
                         The
                         which
                         being
                         done
                         ,
                         will
                         adjust
                         the
                         Account
                         of
                         Time
                         for
                         ever
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           R.
                           W.
                           
                        
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
               The
               Author
               
                 in
                 that
                 Book
                 mentions
                 his
                 having
                 chosen
                 in
                 the
                 conjuncture
                 in
                 which
                 he
                 writ
                 ,
              
               to
               build
               his
               Fabricks
               of
               Numbers
               and
               Calculations
               on
               the
               course
               soil
               of
               Popery
               and
               the
               Papal
               Usurpations
               ,
               and
               that
               finding
               that
               Mens
               Fancies
               at
               that
               time
               relished
               no
               subject
               grateful
               but
               Popery
               ,
               he
               made
               that
               the
               Vehicle
               of
               the
               Notions
               he
               meant
               as
               Phyfic
               to
               cure
               their
               Understandings
               :
               
                 And
                 he
                 there
              
               hits
               a
               blot
               
                 in
                 the
                 Papal
              
               Teners
               
                 that
                 was
                 
                 never
              
               hit
               
                 before
                 by
                 any
                 Protestant
                 Writer
                 ,
                 namely
                 the
                 rendring
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 those
                 Ten●ts
                 ,
              
               That
               it
               is
               lawful
               to
               burn
               a
               whole
               City
               ,
               
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 major
                 part
                 are
              
               Hereticks
               ,
               
                 expecting
                 such
                 a
              
               Discovery
               
                 should
                 be
                 very
                 welcome
                 to
                 the
              
               populace
               
                 in
                 that
              
               Conjuncture
               .
            
             
               His
               so
               much
               and
               so
               often
               celebrating
               the
               
                 Royal
                 Society
              
               throughout
               his
               Work
               ,
               was
               too
               a
               stemming
               of
               the
               tide
               of
               humour
               that
               prevailed
               with
               a
               great
               part
               of
               the
               Age
               ,
               who
               knowing
               little
               either
               of
               the
               Old
               or
               New
               Philosophy
               ,
               or
               real
               Learning
               and
               
                 Experimental
                 Philosophy
              
               ,
               value
               themselves
               on
               the
               ridiculing
               and
               
                 crying
                 down
              
               those
               who
               advance
               the
               same
               .
            
             
               And
               having
               thus
               again
               referred
               to
               this
               book
               of
               the
               
                 Happy
                 future
                 State
                 of
              
               England
               ,
               and
               to
               which
               I
               do
               but
               common
               Iustice
               in
               representing
               it
               full
               of
               most
               useful
               Inventions
               and
               new
               Discoveries
               in
               Politicks
               ,
               must
               too
               refer
               to
               the
               common
               fate
               of
               Discoverers
               it
               hath
               met
               with
               ,
               namely
               ,
               in
               finding
               the
               World
               an
               unteachable
               Animal
               .
               I
               do
               not
               account
               the
               Author
               's
               great
               Notion
               in
               p.
               112.
               new
               ,
               namely
               ,
               
                 That
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 Numbers
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 is
                 the
              
               substratum
               
                 of
                 all
                 Political
                 Measures
              
               :
               For
               
               that
               Thesis
               those
               words
               of
               the
               
                 Captain
                 of
                 our
                 Salvation
              
               have
               long
               since
               taught
               the
               World
               ,
               namely
               ,
               
                 What
                 King
                 going
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 against
                 another
                 King
                 ,
                 siteth
                 not
                 down
                 first
                 and
                 consulteth
                 whether
                 he
                 be
                 able
                 with
                 ten
                 thousand
                 to
                 meet
                 him
                 that
                 cometh
                 against
                 him
                 with
                 twenty
                 thousand
                 ?
                 or
                 else
                 while
                 the
                 other
                 is
                 yet
                 a
                 great
                 way
                 of
                 ,
                 he
                 sendeth
                 an
                 Embassage
                 ,
                 and
                 desireth
                 Conditions
                 of
                 Peace
                 ?
              
            
             
               But
               after
               so
               great
               a
               Minister
               of
               State
               as
               
                 Myn
                 Heer
                 Van
                 Beuninghen
              
               had
               (
               as
               
                 De
                 Leti
              
               hath
               mention'd
               it
               in
               print
               )
               made
               the
               People
               of
               England
               and
               Wales
               to
               be
               but
               
                 two
                 Millions
              
               :
               And
               after
               so
               illustrious
               a
               Writer
               as
               Dr.
               
                 Isaac
                 Vossius
              
               in
               his
               
                 Variarum
                 Observationum
                 liber
              
               ,
               dedicated
               to
               King
               Charles
               the
               2d
               .
               had
               made
               the
               People
               in
               
                 England
                 ,
                 Scotland
              
               and
               Ireland
               ,
               to
               be
               but
               
                 two
                 Millions
              
               ,
               (
               thô
               both
               of
               them
               probably
               had
               read
               the
               Observations
               on
               the
               Bills
               of
               Mortality
               wherein
               excellent
               fine-spun
               Notions
               had
               made
               the
               People
               about
               six
               Millions
               )
               his
               so
               largely
               instructing
               us
               out
               of
               Records
               ,
               (
               and
               against
               which
               there
               is
               no
               averment
               )
               and
               particularly
               out
               of
               the
               Returns
               of
               all
               the
               
               Counties
               of
               England
               and
               Wales
               upon
               several
               late
               
                 Pole
                 Acts
              
               ;
               and
               out
               of
               the
               Numbers
               of
               the
               Conformists
               and
               Nonconformists
               upon
               the
               
                 Bishops
                 Survey
              
               made
               in
               the
               Year
               1676.
               that
               the
               People
               of
               England
               and
               Wales
               are
               above
               
                 eight
                 Millions
              
               (
               and
               indeed
               that
               we
               may
               probably
               conclude
               them
               to
               be
               about
               
                 ten
                 Millions
              
               )
               may
               be
               said
               to
               be
               an
               happy
               New
               Discovery
               for
               us
               in
               Politicks
               ,
               he
               being
               the
               first
               who
               evinced
               it
               out
               of
               Records
               ,
               and
               wherein
               his
               Benefactorship
               to
               his
               Countrey
               in
               the
               doing
               it
               at
               his
               own
               charge
               ,
               might
               in
               the
               paying
               of
               Fees
               to
               Clerks
               and
               Registers
               well
               be
               thought
               to
               surpass
               the
               charge
               of
               the
               impression
               of
               that
               voluminous
               Work
               ;
               without
               reckoning
               in
               the
               great
               charge
               he
               must
               have
               been
               at
               in
               having
               accounts
               of
               various
               importations
               taken
               by
               Officers
               of
               the
               Custome-house
               out
               of
               their
               Books
               ,
               as
               particularly
               in
               p.
               254.
               
            
             
               The
               Author
               gives
               well-grounded
               Accounts
               of
               the
               Numbers
               of
               the
               People
               in
               
                 France
                 ,
                 Spain
                 ,
                 Flanders
              
               and
               Holland
               :
               But
               if
               he
               had
               took
               the
               pains
               to
               calculate
               the
               Numbers
               of
               the
               People
               in
               
                 China
                 ,
                 Aethiopia
              
               ,
               or
               Tartaria
               ,
               it
               had
               been
               as
               acceptable
               to
               many
               of
               our
               continuando-talkers
               
               of
               Politicks
               ,
               and
               to
               some
               who
               would
               take
               it
               ill
               not
               to
               be
               vogued
               for
               first-rate
               Politicians
               ,
               though
               they
               never
               spent
               a
               thought
               about
               reducing
               
                 Politicks
                 ad
                 firmam
              
               ,
               by
               
                 Number
                 ,
                 Weight
              
               and
               Measure
               ,
               as
               this
               Author
               hath
               done
               .
            
             
               I
               shall
               commend
               to
               your
               Lordship
               a
               frequent
               Conversation
               with
               this
               Book
               ,
               as
               containing
               in
               it
               more
               variety
               of
               Political
               Calculations
               than
               you
               will
               find
               in
               all
               Printed
               Books
               in
               all
               Languages
               :
               And
               it
               is
               the
               rather
               worthy
               your
               serious
               perusal
               in
               this
               Warlike
               conjuncture
               of
               time
               ,
               because
               the
               Author
               hath
               in
               so
               nervous
               〈◊〉
               Manner
               given
               our
               English
               World
               so
               many
               New
               Directions
               about
               the
               Modus
               of
               our
               being
               furnish'd
               with
               the
               sinews
               of
               War
               ,
               and
               in
               apportioning
               great
               Taxes
               with
               great
               equality
               ,
               the
               want
               where●●
               is
               in
               effect
               the
               only
               grievance
               in
               publick
               Supplies
               .
               And
               this
               your
               Lordship
               wil●
               find
               if
               you
               consult
               what
               he
               hath
               in
               p.
               192
               and
               out
               of
               Sir
               William
               Petty's
               
                 Verbu●
                 Sapienti
              
               ,
               in
               Manuscript
               ,
               viz.
               
            
             
             
               If
               a
               Million
               of
               Money
               were
               to
               be
               raised
               in
               England
               ,
               there
               should
               be
               levyed
               on
               the
               
                 
                   
                      
                  
                   
                     M.
                     lib.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Lands
                     —
                  
                   
                     216
                     viz.
                     1
                     /
                     30
                     of
                     the
                     Rent
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Cattel
                     —
                  
                   
                     54
                     —
                     1
                     /
                     600
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Personal
                     Estate
                     —
                  
                   
                     60
                     —
                     1
                     /
                     600
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Housing
                     —
                  
                   
                     45
                     
                       viz
                       12
                       d.
                    
                     a
                     Chimney
                     in
                     
                       London
                       ,
                       10
                       d.
                    
                     without
                     the
                     Liberties
                     ,
                     6
                     d.
                     in
                     Cities
                     and
                     Towns
                     ,
                     and
                     4
                     d.
                     elsewhere
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     People
                     —
                  
                   
                     625
                     at
                     2
                     
                       s.
                       1
                       d.
                    
                     per
                     Head
                     ,
                     or
                     rather
                     a
                     Poll
                     of
                     6
                     d.
                     and
                     19
                     d.
                     Excise
                     ,
                     which
                     is
                     not
                     full
                     1
                     /
                     84
                     part
                     of
                     the
                     mean
                     expence
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                      
                  
                   
                     M.
                     lib.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Total
                     a
                     Million
                     —
                  
                   
                     1000
                  
                
              
            
             
               There
               is
               half
               as
               much
               more
               paid
               now
               ●y
               the
               Land-tax
               alone
               than
               in
               the
               Million
               distributed
               on
               the
               several
               
               Fonds
               ●s
               above
               .
               And
               by
               the
               Rule
               of
               Sir
               W.
               P's
               .
               
               Calculation
               of
               a
               Tax
               of
               
                 one
                 Million
              
               ,
               above
               six
               Millions
               may
               be
               raised
               ,
               and
               no
               Man
               feel
               it
               much
               ,
               if
               equally
               laid
               ▪
               And
               thô
               it
               falls
               heaviest
               upon
               
                 Persons
                 ▪
              
               yet
               according
               to
               it
               no
               Man
               will
               pay
               ●
               tenth
               of
               his
               yearly
               expence
               .
            
             
               
                 It
                 is
                 certainly
                 now
                 the
              
               Opus
               diei
               ,
               
                 and
                 a
              
               propos
               
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 said
                 before
                 in
                 tha●
              
               Page
               ,
               viz.
               That
               he
               believed
               that
               the
               suture
               State
               of
               Christendom
               will
               necessa●●rily
               prompt
               all
               Patriots
               instead
               of
               stu●dying
               to
               make
               men
               unwilling
               to
               promote
               publick
               Supplies
               ,
               to
               bend
               thei●
               Brains
               in
               the
               way
               of
               Calculation
               t●
               shew
               what
               the
               Kingdom
               is
               able
               to
               con●tribute
               to
               its
               defence
               ,
               and
               how
               to
               d●
               it
               with
               equality
               .
            
             
               Your
               Lordship
               will
               find
               this
               Book
               sol●
               at
               the
               Shop
               of
               
                 William
                 Rogers
              
               ,
               Book●seller
               ,
               at
               the
               Sun
               over
               against
               
                 St.
                 Du●stans
                 Church
              
               in
               Fleetstreet
               ,
               as
               I
               find
               〈◊〉
               in
               an
               Advertisement
               thereof
               in
               one
               〈◊〉
               the
               New
               Almanacks
               for
               the
               Yea●
               1691.
               
            
             
               I
               must
               frankly
               own
               that
               I
               should
               no
               have
               repented
               of
               my
               expence
               in
               the
               purchase
               of
               this
               Book
               ,
               had
               there
               been
               〈◊〉
               Calculation
               in
               it
               but
               that
               in
               
                 p.
                 188
                 ▪
              
               
               and
               189.
               where
               the
               Author
               Calculates
               the
               number
               of
               the
               now
               living
               here
               ,
               who
               were
               born
               since
               the
               Year
               in
               which
               our
               
                 Civil
                 War
              
               ended
               ,
               or
               were
               then
               
                 Children
                 ,
                 viz.
              
               of
               such
               Years
               as
               not
               to
               have
               experienced
               or
               been
               sensible
               of
               the
               Miseries
               and
               Inconveniencies
               of
               the
               War
               ,
               and
               a
               Calculation
               of
               what
               Numbers
               of
               those
               who
               lived
               in
               1641.
               are
               now
               dead
               ,
               and
               what
               proportion
               of
               those
               
                 now
                 living
              
               who
               lived
               in
               the
               time
               of
               the
               War
               did
               gain
               by
               the
               War
               ,
               and
               of
               the
               
               number
               ●f
               such
               in
               Ireland
               and
               Scotland
               .
               The
               Au●hor
               giveth
               a
               very
               momentous
               reason
               ●or
               the
               
                 finding
                 out
              
               those
               things
               by
               Calcu●●tion
               ,
               and
               the
               which
               might
               well
               seem
               ●mpossible
               to
               be
               perform'd
               .
               For
               that
               ●rinces
               and
               their
               Ministers
               being
               ratio●ally
               to
               be
               steer'd
               in
               their
               apprehensions
               〈◊〉
               the
               danger
               of
               Civil
               War
               by
               the
               great
               ●ule
               of
               
                 Dulce
                 Bellum
                 inexpertis
              
               ,
               ought
               ●arefully
               to
               have
               their
               Eye
               on
               the
               Num●ers
               of
               such
               inexperti
               in
               any
               long
               time
               〈◊〉
               Peace
               .
            
             
               So
               little
               regard
               hath
               been
               had
               by
               our
               ●eat
               Political
               Writers
               to
               Matters
               of
               ●alculations
               and
               Accounts
               of
               the
               Re●enues
               of
               Princes
               ,
               that
               I
               have
               in
               the
               
               great
               Thuanus
               observ'd
               but
               one
               passage
               relating
               to
               the
               same
               ,
               and
               which
               by
               this
               Author
               is
               
                 cited
                 ,
                 p.
                 246.
                 viz.
              
               as
               to
               the
               
                 Receipts
                 and
                 Expences
                 of
                 Lewis
              
               the
               13th
               .
               for
               the
               Year
               1614.
               (
               and
               in
               
                 p.
                 250
              
               ,
               out
               of
               his
               own
               Observation
               he
               makes
               the
               Expences
               and
               Receipts
               of
               the
               present
               French
               King
               more
               than
               
                 quadrupled
                 since
              
               ,
               as
               to
               what
               they
               were
               in
               the
               
                 Year
                 1614.
              
               )
               and
               in
               the
               so
               much
               cry'd
               up
               Political
               Treatise
               call'd
               
                 Nouveaux
                 Interests
                 des
                 Princes
                 de
                 l'Europe
                 ,
              
               and
               commended
               by
               the
               Author
               of
               
                 la
                 Republique
                 des
                 Lettres
              
               ,
               there
               is
               little
               or
               nothing
               of
               such
               Political
               Calculations
               contained
               .
            
             
               But
               tho
               at
               present
               in
               the
               many
               such
               curious
               Calculations
               presented
               to
               the
               Age
               by
               that
               Author
               of
               
                 the
                 Happy
                 future
                 State
                 of
              
               England
               ,
               he
               doth
               as
               to
               the
               Rabble
               of
               
                 Readers
                 ,
                 Vinum
                 raris
                 praeministrare
              
               ,
               whereas
               Water
               would
               have
               served
               their
               turns
               as
               well
               ,
               yet
               I
               believe
               its
               impression
               on
               Men
               of
               refined
               thought
               and
               sense
               will
               be
               such
               as
               to
               make
               the
               way
               of
               writing
               of
               Politicks
               hereafter
               without
               Calculations
               ,
               grow
               as
               much
               out
               of
               Fashion
               as
               the
               garb
               of
               Trunk-breeches
               .
            
             
               
                 My
                 Lord
              
               ,
               I
               have
               herewith
               for
               your
               
               Lordships
               farther
               Entertainment
               thought
               fit
               to
               publish
               Sir
               William
               Petty's
               rough
               draught
               of
               
                 Naval
                 Philosophy
              
               .
               The
               filings
               of
               Gold
               are
               precious
               ,
               and
               a
               Schytz
               or
               hasty
               Piece
               of
               Painting
               done
               by
               a
               great
               Hand
               is
               of
               great
               Value
               .
               To
               have
               drawn
               so
               great
               an
               historical
               Picture
               of
               that
               Philosophy
               ,
               as
               he
               had
               the
               Idea
               of
               in
               his
               Mind
               ,
               would
               have
               took
               up
               his
               whole
               Life
               :
               And
               he
               therefore
               considering
               the
               little
               value
               the
               Age
               hath
               for
               such
               Curiosities
               ,
               thought
               it
               only
               worth
               his
               while
               to
               finish
               this
               Piece
               up
               at
               one
               sitting
               ,
               and
               to
               shew
               Posterity
               what
               he
               could
               have
               done
               .
               But
               in
               this
               as
               it
               is
               ,
               the
               Judicious
               few
               will
               find
               many
               a
               
                 Coup
                 de
                 Maitre
              
               ,
               and
               may
               instruct
               themselves
               thereby
               in
               some
               very
               considerable
               principles
               relating
               to
               Naval
               and
               Maritine
               knowledge
               .
            
             
               My
               Lord
               ,
               I
               know
               that
               Providence
               hath
               so
               disposed
               of
               the
               course
               of
               your
               Lordships
               Life
               ,
               as
               to
               call
               you
               to
               do
               things
               that
               are
               to
               be
               
                 written
                 of
              
               ,
               rather
               than
               to
               read
               things
               by
               others
               already
               written
               .
               Your
               Lordships
               great
               and
               successful
               Courage
               and
               Conduct
               ,
               lately
               so
               conspicuous
               to
               the
               World
               in
               the
               taking
               of
               Cork
               and
               Kin●ale
               ,
               will
               employ
               the
               Writers
               of
               
               the
               Annals
               of
               our
               Nation
               ,
               and
               adde
               a
               further
               lustre
               to
               the
               Name
               of
               Marlborough
               ,
               which
               was
               so
               much
               ennobled
               by
               your
               Lordships
               Predecessor
               ,
               that
               the
               great
               Poets
               of
               the
               Age
               crown'd
               him
               with
               their
               just
               Laurels
               ,
               when
               they
               said
               ,
               
                 Marlborough
                 who
                 knew
                 ,
                 and
                 durst
                 do
                 more
                 than
                 all
                 .
              
               There
               is
               one
               noble
               Invention
               that
               was
               there
               tributary
               to
               your
               Lordships
               success
               ,
               I
               mean
               that
               of
               Guns
               :
               But
               as
               great
               and
               noble
               as
               this
               Invention
               is
               ,
               (
               and
               which
               was
               found
               out
               by
               a
               German
               in
               the
               
                 Year
                 1378.
              
               and
               whereby
               the
               Lives
               of
               Men
               ,
               if
               we
               reckon
               by
               wholesale
               ,
               are
               better
               preserved
               in
               the
               defence
               of
               Cities
               ,
               and
               by
               the
               fate
               of
               Victory
               being
               sooner
               decided
               in
               Camps
               ,
               that
               hinders
               Armies
               from
               so
               much
               butchering
               one
               another
               as
               formerly
               )
               it
               hath
               been
               by
               snarling
               Writers
               of
               great
               Name
               maligned
               ;
               and
               because
               by
               it
               some
               Men
               were
               killed
               by
               retale
               ,
               it
               hath
               been
               render'd
               execrable
               and
               diabolical
               ;
               and
               that
               not
               only
               by
               
                 Polydore
                 Virgil
              
               ,
               but
               by
               Cardan
               and
               Melancton
               .
            
             
             
               Nor
               need
               it
               be
               told
               your
               Lordship
               how
               much
               this
               Invention
               hath
               been
               improved
               since
               its
               first
               use
               .
               The
               manner
               of
               contriving
               and
               applying
               them
               hath
               not
               been
               less
               improved
               than
               the
               way
               of
               preserving
               light
               for
               the
               Passengers
               in
               our
               streets
               ,
               since
               the
               finding
               out
               of
               Lanthorns
               hath
               :
               The
               only
               Author
               I
               know
               ,
               who
               hath
               recorded
               the
               Original
               of
               Lanthorns
               is
               our
               learned
               Antiquary
               Mr.
               Gregory
               ,
               in
               his
               learned
               Notes
               on
               
               Ridley's
               View
               ,
               &c.
               
               He
               there
               tells
               us
               ,
               
                 p.
                 286.
                 
                 That
                 the
                 Inventor
                 of
                 Lanthorns
                 was
                 our
                 King
              
               Alured
               ,
               
                 in
                 whose
                 dayes
                 the
                 Churches
                 were
                 of
                 so
                 poor
                 and
                 mean
                 a
                 structure
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 the
                 Candles
                 were
                 set
                 before
                 the
                 Relicks
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 often
                 blown
                 ou●
                 by
                 the
                 Wind
                 which
                 got
                 in
                 ,
                 not
                 only
              
               per
               Ostia
               Ecclesiarum
               ,
               but
               per
               frequent●s
               parietum
               rimulas
               ;
               
                 insomuch
                 that
                 the
                 ingenious
                 Prince
                 was
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 practice
                 of
                 his
                 dexterity
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 occasion
                 of
                 this
              
               Lanternam
               ex
               lignis
               &
               bovinis
               cornibus
               pul●herrime
               construere
               imperavit
               ;
               
                 by
                 an
                 apt
                 composure
                 of
                 thin
                 Horns
                 in
                 Wood
                 ,
                 he
                 taught
                 us
                 the
                 Mystery
                 of
                 making
                 Lanthorns
                 .
              
            
             
             
               But
               our
               New
               invented
               Glasses
               and
               Lamps
               ,
               that
               casting
               out
               so
               powerful
               and
               extensive
               ,
               and
               withal
               so
               durable
               and
               chearful
               an
               Illumination
               ,
               as
               to
               make
               Mens
               passing
               about
               their
               Affairs
               in
               the
               Night
               not
               only
               tolerable
               but
               pleasant
               ,
               have
               much
               outdone
               the
               Lanthorns
               invented
               by
               our
               
                 Monarch
                 ,
                 in
                 diebus
                 illis
              
               .
            
             
               Yet
               on
               the
               publishing
               of
               a
               Paper
               containing
               the
               various
               uses
               this
               Invention
               might
               be
               of
               to
               the
               Nation
               ,
               and
               wherein
               it
               was
               mention'd
               
                 inter
                 alia
              
               ,
               that
               
                 these
                 Lights
                 might
                 for
                 the
                 publick
                 good
                 be
                 employed
                 at
                 the
                 Light-houses
                 ,
                 which
                 give
                 directions
                 to
                 Sea-faring
                 People
                 in
                 dark
                 and
                 stormy
                 Nights
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 these
                 Lights
                 being
                 so
                 clear
                 and
                 strong
                 ,
                 and
                 continued
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 certainty
                 as
                 might
                 probably
                 save
                 many
                 from
                 Shipwrack
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 usual
                 Coal-fires
                 or
                 Candles
                 often
                 fail
                 ,
                 by
                 either
                 not
                 giving
                 sufficient
                 Light
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 the
                 uncertainty
                 of
                 these
                 Lights
                 ,
                 subject
                 to
                 so
                 many
                 acciden●s
                 as
                 doth
                 often
                 occasion
                 the
                 great
                 losses
                 both
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 Merchandize
                 and
                 Vessels
                 :
              
               The
               Patentees
               of
               these
               New
               Lights
               being
               invited
               to
               discourse
               with
               those
               that
               have
               the
               Charge
               ,
               and
               receive
               
               the
               profits
               of
               the
               Light-houses
               ,
               they
               said
               ,
               they
               thought
               they
               came
               to
               save
               their
               Candles
               ,
               but
               since
               the
               Oyl
               necessary
               to
               maintain
               these
               Lights
               (
               though
               a
               Pint
               ,
               which
               would
               cost
               about
               a
               Groat
               ,
               they
               were
               told
               would
               serve
               one
               Lamp
               burning
               twelve
               hours
               )
               was
               dearer
               than
               Candles
               ,
               they
               declined
               the
               use
               of
               these
               Lamps
               ;
               whereupon
               the
               Patentees
               telling
               them
               ,
               they
               thought
               the
               saving
               of
               Men●
               Lives
               and
               Goods
               to
               be
               of
               more
               importance
               than
               the
               saving
               a
               few
               Candles
               ,
               desisted
               from
               further
               application
               .
            
             
               I
               might
               here
               too
               instance
               in
               the
               Invention
               of
               the
               Scarlet
               or
               Bow-dye
               ,
               the
               exportation
               whereof
               hath
               brought
               us
               in
               return
               so
               much
               Treasure
               ,
               was
               put
               to
               it
               to
               make
               its
               way
               into
               the
               World
               through
               much
               opposition
               .
               And
               thus
               is
               ,
               and
               was
               ,
               and
               always
               will
               the
               birth
               of
               every
               New
               Art
               and
               Science
               be
               of
               difficult
               parturition
               ,
               and
               the
               Inventors
               be
               enforced
               to
               cry
               ,
               
                 Fer
                 opem
                 Lucina
              
               ,
               I
               mean
               ,
               to
               
                 crave
                 aid
              
               and
               Patronage
               from
               such
               generous
               and
               Heroical
               and
               publick
               spirited
               men
               as
               your
               Lordship
               .
            
             
             
               
                 My
                 Lord
              
               ,
               about
               eighty
               Years
               agoe
               the
               Invention
               of
               the
               New-River-Water
               was
               much
               labour'd
               ,
               and
               it
               was
               a
               kind
               of
               
                 partus
                 Elephantinus
              
               ,
               about
               ten
               Years
               in
               bringing
               to
               perfection
               by
               Sir
               
                 Hugh
                 Middleton
              
               ;
               but
               Stow
               tells
               us
               of
               the
               great
               
                 danger
                 ,
                 difficulty
                 ,
                 detraction
                 ,
                 scorn
                 ,
                 envy
              
               and
               
                 malevolent
                 interpositions
              
               it
               first
               encountered
               with
               .
            
             
               And
               indeed
               it
               may
               be
               said
               ,
               that
               after
               the
               six
               days
               Work
               and
               
               Adam's
               Fall
               the
               World
               was
               yet
               a
               kind
               of
               Chaos
               as
               to
               the
               use
               and
               service
               of
               Man
               ,
               till
               necessity
               and
               humane
               Industry
               set
               his
               Reason
               to
               work
               ,
               and
               by
               degrees
               to
               invent
               and
               contrive
               how
               to
               apply
               and
               dispose
               the
               things
               he
               found
               therein
               best
               for
               his
               ease
               and
               service
               ;
               and
               teeming
               Nature
               goes
               still
               big
               with
               new
               Inventions
               to
               improve
               the
               things
               we
               have
               ,
               and
               is
               ready
               to
               bring
               them
               forth
               ,
               whenever
               Philosophical
               and
               Industrious
               Men
               lend
               her
               their
               Midwivery
               :
               And
               for
               this
               purpose
               I
               am
               thinking
               ,
               it
               was
               a
               noble
               and
               ingenious
               saying
               of
               
                 Seneca
                 ,
                 Pusilla
                 res
                 mundus
                 est
                 ,
                 nisi
                 in
                 illo
                 quod
                 quaerat
                 omnis
                 mundus
                 habeat
                 ,
              
               Senec.
               Nat.
               Qu.
               l.
               2.
               par
               .
               3.
               i.
               e.
               
                 The
                 World
                 were
                 a
                 poor
                 little
                 thing
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 its
                 affording
                 ample
                 matter
                 
                 of
                 research
                 and
                 enquiry
                 to
                 all
                 succeeding
                 Ages
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 My
                 Lord
              
               ,
               there
               is
               another
               incomparable
               Invention
               that
               was
               found
               out
               not
               many
               Years
               since
               ,
               and
               which
               without
               some
               such
               Patriotly
               Hero
               as
               your
               Lordship
               awakening
               the
               Age
               about
               it
               ,
               is
               likely
               to
               fill
               up
               the
               Number
               of
               
                 lost
                 things
              
               ;
               and
               it
               is
               the
               
                 New
                 Engine
              
               that
               so
               much
               exceeds
               all
               formerly
               used
               for
               the
               eternal
               preservation
               of
               our
               Royal
               Rivers
               ,
               by
               deepening
               them
               ,
               and
               making
               them
               every
               where
               Navigable
               ,
               and
               taking
               away
               all
               Obstructions
               and
               Shelfs
               in
               a
               very
               short
               time
               .
               Sir
               
                 Martin
                 Beckman
              
               ,
               the
               
                 chief
                 Engineer
                 of
              
               England
               ,
               and
               as
               I
               am
               informed
               the
               ingenious
               Sir
               
                 Christopher
                 Wren
              
               ,
               their
               Majesties
               Surveyor
               General
               ,
               have
               given
               their
               approbation
               thereof
               ;
               and
               as
               likewise
               did
               King
               Charles
               the
               second
               ,
               who
               was
               highly
               pleas'd
               therewith
               ,
               and
               declared
               after
               he
               had
               seen
               the
               working
               of
               the
               Engine
               ,
               which
               in
               his
               Majesty's
               presence
               took
               up
               about
               a
               Tun
               and
               an
               half
               in
               little
               more
               than
               a
               Minutes
               time
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               perfectly
               satisfy'd
               it
               would
               answer
               the
               end
               proposed
               ;
               and
               that
               by
               means
               of
               its
               working
               horizontally
               ,
               it
               
               made
               no
               holes
               ,
               but
               rather
               fill'd
               such
               as
               lay
               in
               the
               way
               of
               its
               working
               ,
               and
               left
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               River
               level
               as
               it
               wrought
               ,
               whereby
               such
               inconveniencies
               would
               be
               avoided
               ,
               as
               had
               happened
               from
               the
               common
               Ballast-Lighters
               making
               such
               great
               Holes
               in
               the
               River
               of
               Thames
               ,
               and
               in
               which
               several
               of
               the
               Kings
               as
               well
               as
               Merchants
               Ships
               coming
               to
               an
               Anchor
               ,
               had
               broke
               their
               backs
               .
            
             
               And
               his
               Majesty
               having
               been
               made
               acquainted
               that
               this
               Engine
               being
               sent
               down
               below
               Bridge
               to
               Berking-shelfe
               ,
               where
               is
               nothing
               but
               hard
               Shingle
               ,
               and
               that
               after
               half
               an
               hours
               breaking
               ground
               ,
               it
               took
               up
               at
               19
               Foot
               deep
               ,
               about
               two
               Tuns
               in
               a
               Minute
               and
               a
               half
               ,
               during
               the
               whole
               time
               it
               wrought
               ,
               he
               said
               thereupon
               ,
               
                 That
                 he
                 thought
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 way
                 practicable
                 for
                 the
                 deepening
                 the
                 River
                 of
              
               Thames
               ,
               
                 and
                 removing
                 Shelfes
                 therein
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 this
                 Engine
                 .
              
            
             
               This
               Engine
               was
               invented
               by
               Mr.
               Bayly
               ,
               an
               excellent
               Engineer
               ,
               and
               much
               cultivated
               and
               improved
               to
               its
               perfection
               by
               the
               great
               Expence
               of
               Mr.
               
                 Joseph
                 Cotinge
              
               .
            
             
               King
               Charles
               the
               2d
               .
               so
               often
               going
               
               down
               that
               River
               in
               his
               Barges
               and
               Yachts
               ,
               took
               occasion
               thereby
               often
               to
               consider
               the
               State
               thereof
               ,
               insomuch
               that
               upon
               a
               publick
               Hearing
               in
               Council
               ,
               that
               the
               
                 Lord
                 Mayor
              
               and
               Aldermen
               had
               upon
               their
               Complaint
               against
               Patents
               that
               straiten'd
               the
               River
               ,
               and
               licenced
               Encroachments
               on
               it
               ,
               he
               took
               occasion
               to
               speak
               it
               openly
               ,
               that
               
                 the
                 River
                 was
                 shallower
                 before
                 his
                 Yard
                 at
              
               Deptford
               
                 by
                 three
                 Foot
                 since
                 his
                 Restauration
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 if
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 but
                 a
                 Foot
                 shallower
                 there
                 ,
                 his
                 Ships
                 that
                 did
                 ride
                 at
                 Anchor
                 there
                 would
                 be
                 spoiled
                 .
              
            
             
               But
               I
               have
               heard
               Mr.
               Shishe
               ,
               the
               Master-builder
               there
               ,
               and
               likewise
               Sir
               
                 Phinehas
                 Pett
              
               ,
               who
               was
               formerly
               Master-builder
               there
               ,
               and
               afterward
               at
               Chatham
               ,
               averr
               ,
               that
               the
               River
               is
               there
               very
               near
               
                 four
                 Foot
              
               ,
               if
               not
               altogether
               ,
               shallower
               than
               it
               was
               at
               that
               King's
               Restauration
               ;
               insomuch
               that
               their
               Majesties
               Ships
               there
               (
               as
               likewise
               in
               the
               River
               of
               Medway
               at
               Chatham
               )
               do
               ground
               about
               
                 four
                 Foot
              
               before
               they
               have
               Water
               enough
               to
               wind
               up
               with
               the
               Tide
               of
               flood
               ,
               the
               which
               doth
               very
               much
               strain
               and
               wring
               them
               to
               their
               great
               prejudice
               ,
               and
               that
               
                 if
                 
                 there
                 be
                 not
                 a
                 speedy
                 course
                 taken
                 to
                 remove
                 some
                 Encroachments
                 ,
                 and
                 prevent
                 all
                 future
                 ones
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 farther
                 stopping
                 up
                 those
                 Rivers
                 with
                 sullage
                 ,
                 those
                 two
                 Royal
                 Rivers
                 will
                 be
                 spoiled
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 useless
                 for
                 Capital
                 Ships
                 riding
                 therein
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Crown
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 immense
                 Charge
                 in
                 purchasing
                 of
                 ground
                 for
                 other
                 Ship-yards
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 making
                 of
                 Docks
                 and
                 Store
                 houses
                 ,
                 and
                 building
                 new
                 Dwelling-houses
                 for
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Yards
                 .
              
            
             
               I
               remember
               ,
               visiting
               my
               worthy
               Friend
               Mr.
               Brisband
               ,
               who
               was
               Secretary
               to
               the
               former
               
                 Lords
                 Commissioners
                 for
                 the
                 Admiralty
              
               ,
               he
               entertain'd
               me
               with
               the
               fight
               of
               many
               Papers
               in
               his
               Office
               that
               related
               to
               the
               Applications
               that
               had
               been
               made
               by
               the
               
                 City
                 of
                 London
              
               to
               that
               Board
               ,
               for
               the
               preservation
               of
               the
               River
               of
               Thames
               ,
               and
               one
               of
               them
               was
               a
               Paper
               of
               the
               City's
               Reasons
               against
               the
               Patents
               for
               Licensing
               Encroachments
               ,
               and
               straitning
               that
               River
               ,
               and
               which
               seem'd
               to
               me
               very
               weighty
               ,
               and
               drawn
               with
               such
               great
               care
               and
               pains
               ,
               that
               what
               Councellor
               soever
               drew
               them
               ,
               I
               am
               sure
               he
               deserved
               a
               very
               large
               Fee
               from
               the
               
               City
               ;
               and
               out
               of
               which
               I
               noted
               down
               this
               Passage
               ,
               namely
               ,
               
                 That
                 if
                 that
                 River
                 were
                 spoiled
                 ,
                 the
                 great
                 Trade
                 of
              
               England
               
                 would
                 be
                 transplanted
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 other
                 Sea-port-Towns
                 in
              
               England
               ,
               
                 but
                 to
                 Forreign
                 Parts
              
               .
               Those
               Reasons
               mentioning
               Patents
               of
               the
               Soil
               to
               the
               low-water-mark
               on
               both
               sides
               the
               River
               ,
               inferr
               ,
               
                 That
                 without
                 speedy
                 care
                 taken
                 ,
                 the
                 River
                 will
                 be
                 so
                 straiten'd
                 as
                 to
                 become
                 thereby
                 not
                 only
                 useless
                 ,
                 but
                 even
                 hurtful
                 to
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 violent
                 and
                 rapid
                 course
                 of
                 the
                 Tide
                 that
                 will
                 then
                 necessarily
                 ensue
                 :
              
               And
               the
               City
               therein
               Complains
               of
               a
               Lease
               made
               of
               a
               great
               part
               of
               the
               Soil
               of
               the
               River
               ,
               and
               that
               
                 the
                 right
                 of
                 the
                 disposal
                 of
                 the
                 Shoar
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Conservatorship
                 thereof
                 ,
                 may
                 by
                 survivorship
                 accrue
                 to
                 a
                 Colour-man
                 in
                 the
              
               Strand
               .
            
             
               Mr.
               Brisband
               informed
               me
               ,
               that
               those
               Commissioners
               of
               the
               Admiralty
               as
               well
               as
               the
               
                 Lord
                 Mayor
              
               had
               taken
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               pains
               in
               the
               preserving
               of
               the
               River
               ,
               and
               that
               it
               was
               incumbent
               on
               both
               their
               Offices
               so
               to
               do
               ;
               for
               which
               purpose
               he
               shew'd
               me
               a
               most
               judicious
               and
               learned
               Report
               made
               by
               the
               Judge
               of
               the
               Admiralty
               ,
               
               wherein
               it
               was
               said
               ,
               That
               
                 the
                 Admiral
                 is
                 by
                 his
                 Office
                 and
                 Patent
                 not
                 only
              
               Custos
               Maritimarum
               partium
               ,
               but
               Custos
               portuum
               &
               Conservator
               Fluminum
               infra
               fluxum
               &
               refluuum
               maris
               ;
               
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 is
                 by
                 his
                 Patent
                 empowered
                 to
                 make
                 Sub-conservators
                 ,
                 and
                 hath
                 by
                 the
                 Statute
                 of
              
               primo
               Elizabethae
               
                 a
                 concurrency
                 with
                 the
                 Lord
                 Mayor
                 of
              
               London
               
                 in
                 the
                 Conservatorship
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 of
              
               Thames
               ,
               
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Shoar
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 is
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 and
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 held
                 by
                 private
                 Persons
                 ,
                 as
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 right
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 those
                 Conservators
                 in
                 trust
                 for
                 the
                 Government
                 .
              
            
             
               And
               
                 in
                 fine
              
               ,
               that
               Secretary
               acquainted
               me
               ,
               that
               there
               was
               to
               be
               a
               Survey
               of
               the
               River
               and
               the
               Encroachments
               on
               it
               ,
               to
               be
               made
               by
               Trinity-house
               and
               Navy-Board
               ,
               with
               the
               assistance
               of
               Captain
               Collins
               
                 the
                 King's
                 Hydrographer
              
               :
               And
               I
               have
               since
               seen
               a
               Copy
               of
               that
               Survey
               made
               accordingly
               ,
               and
               great
               pains
               was
               therein
               taken
               .
               The
               great
               pleasure
               I
               have
               taken
               in
               going
               down
               that
               River
               in
               Boats
               and
               Barges
               ,
               made
               me
               always
               wish
               well
               to
               the
               State
               of
               it
               ;
               but
               the
               sight
               
               of
               the
               Papers
               before
               mention'd
               ,
               inclined
               me
               to
               account
               it
               a
               Patriotly
               thing
               to
               promote
               its
               preservation
               by
               all
               the
               means
               I
               could
               ,
               and
               gave
               me
               occasion
               to
               reflect
               on
               the
               great
               Wisdom
               and
               Care
               of
               the
               Publick
               that
               appear'd
               in
               our
               Ancestors
               ,
               when
               they
               made
               the
               Admiral
               and
               
                 Lord
                 Mayor
              
               the
               Conservators
               of
               it
               ;
               after
               the
               example
               of
               the
               old
               Romans
               ,
               as
               Gryphiander
               in
               his
               learned
               Book
               
                 de
                 Insulis
              
               ,
               p.
               430.
               quotes
               several
               places
               out
               of
               the
               
                 Civil
                 Law
              
               ,
               to
               shew
               ,
               that
               they
               appointed
               their
               Hydrophylacas
               ,
               or
               Conservators
               of
               their
               great
               Rivers
               ,
               and
               deliverers
               of
               them
               from
               being
               choaked
               up
               with
               Annoyances
               and
               Shelfes
               ;
               and
               he
               there
               p.
               441.
               cites
               
                 A.
                 Gellius
              
               for
               the
               
                 ratio
                 retandi
                 flumina
                 ,
                 id
                 est
                 ,
                 purgandi
                 à
                 Virgultis
                 ,
                 arboribusque
                 in
                 alveo
                 Natis
                 ,
                 ne
                 impedimento
                 sint
                 navibus
                 ,
              
               practised
               by
               them
               :
               And
               he
               saith
               ,
               that
               
                 simili
                 verbo
                 returandi
                 usus
                 est
                 Nonius
                 quod
                 est
                 obturando
                 contrarium
                 ,
              
               Turneb
               .
               l.
               28.
               advers
               .
               12.
               
               And
               then
               speaking
               of
               the
               Engines
               they
               used
               to
               that
               end
               ,
               he
               saith
               ,
               
                 In
                 quem
                 usum
                 Instrumenta
                 hydrautica
                 deducendis
                 ,
                 hauriendisque
                 aquis
                 inventa
                 sunt
                 ,
                 de
                 quibus
                 Vitruvius
                 ,
              
               l.
               10.
               
                 quem
                 explicat
                 
                 Turnebus
              
               ,
               l.
               2.
               advers
               .
               22.
               
               Gothof
               .
               in
               l.
               4.
               c
               
                 de
                 Excus
                 .
                 Mun.
              
               l.
               10.
               
               
                 Dalacamp
                 .
                 ad
                 Plin.
              
               l.
               7.
               c.
               37.
               
            
             
               Those
               Engines
               are
               long
               since
               gone
               among
               
                 lost
                 things
              
               :
               Nor
               do
               I
               think
               we
               need
               wish
               any
               other
               Engine
               for
               the
               purging
               the
               River
               of
               Thames
               from
               Obstructions
               ,
               than
               this
               I
               have
               referred
               to
               :
               And
               according
               to
               the
               common
               Observation
               of
               Providence
               taking
               care
               to
               send
               both
               new
               Diseases
               and
               Remedies
               into
               the
               World
               in
               the
               same
               Conjuncture
               ,
               and
               often
               from
               the
               same
               place
               ,
               (
               as
               for
               example
               the
               
                 Lues
                 Venerea
              
               and
               Guacum
               ,
               and
               Sassafras
               from
               the
               
                 West
                 Indies
              
               )
               it
               was
               worthy
               of
               its
               care
               for
               England
               ,
               that
               at
               this
               time
               ,
               when
               this
               our
               River
               ,
               on
               which
               depends
               the
               Fate
               of
               our
               Nation
               is
               labouring
               under
               the
               most
               critical
               state
               it
               ever
               kn●w
               ,
               and
               is
               ready
               to
               be
               destroy'd
               ,
               to
               offer
               us
               such
               an
               Engine
               for
               its
               being
               restored
               to
               such
               a
               good
               Condition
               of
               being
               Navigable
               ,
               as
               its
               Conservators
               can
               wish
               .
            
             
               
                 My
                 Lord
              
               ,
               There
               is
               one
               thing
               that
               hath
               caused
               most
               horrible
               ill
               effects
               to
               this
               River
               ,
               and
               which
               I
               have
               met
               with
               no
               Man
               who
               hath
               observ'd
               ,
               and
               therefore
               
               it
               is
               fit
               it
               should
               be
               known
               ;
               and
               that
               is
               the
               Fire
               of
               London
               :
               For
               every
               
                 five
                 Yards
              
               of
               Pavement
               a
               load
               of
               Gravel
               is
               used
               ,
               and
               a
               great
               part
               of
               this
               Gravel
               lyes
               so
               loose
               ,
               that
               by
               the
               force
               of
               the
               Rain
               it
               is
               frequently
               driven
               into
               the
               Sewers
               and
               the
               Thames
               :
               And
               every
               Pavement
               raiseth
               the
               Street
               paved
               
                 two
                 Inches
              
               at
               least
               ;
               but
               the
               burn'd
               part
               of
               London
               is
               at
               a
               Medium
               four
               Foot
               higher
               :
               And
               so
               I
               account
               that
               by
               the
               Fire
               and
               Rebuilding
               of
               London
               ,
               more
               Gravel
               and
               Soyl
               hath
               gone
               into
               the
               Thames
               than
               perhaps
               will
               again
               in
               the
               next
               three
               hundred
               Years
               .
            
             
               Some
               who
               are
               interested
               in
               this
               Engine
               ,
               have
               said
               ,
               that
               by
               it
               the
               Bar
               of
               Dublin
               might
               be
               taken
               away
               ;
               but
               I
               have
               heard
               that
               that
               is
               a
               rocky
               Barr
               ;
               and
               if
               so
               ,
               such
               effect
               of
               the
               Engine
               is
               not
               to
               be
               expected
               :
               But
               that
               such
               Shelfes
               arising
               in
               our
               River
               from
               the
               Gravel
               and
               Sullage
               that
               are
               wash'd
               into
               it
               ,
               may
               with
               ease
               be
               removed
               by
               it
               ,
               is
               not
               to
               be
               doubted
               .
            
             
               This
               River
               glides
               along
               with
               a
               much
               more
               clear
               and
               gentle
               stream
               than
               the
               River
               of
               Severn
               ;
               and
               the
               Cause
               of
               the
               
               clearness
               of
               its
               Water
               ,
               is
               its
               running
               in
               a
               Gravelly
               Valley
               ,
               and
               over
               a
               clear
               Ground
               :
               And
               the
               great
               winding
               of
               the
               River
               ,
               which
               locks
               in
               the
               Water
               that
               it
               cannot
               make
               that
               haste
               down
               to
               the
               Sea
               that
               it
               would
               ,
               and
               the
               low-lying
               of
               the
               Head-springs
               of
               it
               ,
               from
               whence
               there
               is
               but
               an
               easie
               descent
               to
               the
               Sea
               ,
               are
               the
               two
               chief
               Causes
               of
               the
               gentleness
               of
               its
               Current
               :
               It
               may
               be
               here
               remark'd
               ,
               that
               this
               easie
               descent
               of
               the
               Waters
               to
               the
               Sea-ward
               ,
               is
               another
               reason
               why
               the
               Tide
               flows
               up
               so
               high
               into
               the
               heart
               of
               this
               River
               ;
               for
               the
               more
               steep
               the
               River
               is
               ,
               the
               less
               able
               is
               the
               Tide
               to
               force
               its
               way
               up
               into
               it
               .
               Swift
               Rivers
               have
               always
               their
               Heads
               lying
               high
               ,
               or
               their
               Course
               direct
               ,
               or
               both
               .
            
             
               Since
               I
               have
               been
               (
               as
               I
               may
               say
               )
               a
               Student
               of
               this
               River
               ,
               I
               have
               took
               occasion
               to
               pitty
               those
               who
               look
               on
               the
               strange
               shifting
               of
               Tides
               in
               this
               River
               as
               a
               great
               Prodigy
               ,
               because
               happening
               seldom
               :
               But
               I
               think
               the
               Cause
               of
               the
               shifting
               of
               the
               Tides
               ,
               is
               only
               the
               over-bearing
               of
               their
               Course
               ,
               when
               they
               are
               at
               their
               slackest
               ,
               by
               a
               Northwest
               Wind
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               most
               powerful
               adversary
               they
               can
               have
               on
               our
               
               Coasts
               :
               For
               if
               a
               slow
               Ebb
               be
               encounter'd
               full
               in
               the
               teeth
               with
               a
               hard
               Storm
               ,
               what
               can
               follow
               but
               a
               return
               of
               the
               Tide
               back
               again
               ?
               And
               if
               the
               Northwest
               Wind
               either
               abate
               its
               fierceness
               ,
               or
               shift
               into
               some
               other
               quarters
               ,
               as
               the
               South-west
               or
               North-east
               for
               some
               short
               time
               ,
               and
               then
               either
               return
               to
               its
               former
               place
               ,
               or
               resume
               its
               former
               force
               ,
               and
               do
               this
               once
               ,
               twice
               ,
               and
               again
               (
               which
               we
               know
               is
               not
               inconsistent
               with
               the
               Nature
               and
               Custom
               of
               the
               Wind
               off
               at
               Sea
               ,
               thô
               at
               Land
               its
               wanderings
               are
               not
               altogether
               so
               sensible
               )
               we
               may
               easily
               believe
               (
               seeing
               so
               plain
               a
               reason
               for
               it
               )
               that
               there
               will
               be
               a
               playing
               of
               the
               Tide
               too
               and
               fro
               ,
               and
               several
               Floods
               and
               Ebbs
               succeeding
               one
               another
               in
               a
               few
               hours
               space
               .
               My
               Sentiments
               in
               this
               place
               are
               those
               of
               the
               Author
               of
               
                 Britannia
                 Baconica
              
               .
               It
               was
               the
               Praediction
               of
               Campanella
               ,
               that
               Venice
               should
               at
               last
               be
               destroy'd
               by
               Oblimation
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               by
               the
               Sullage
               of
               its
               Waters
               that
               should
               spoil
               their
               being
               Navigable
               .
               And
               Gryphiander
               in
               his
               Book
               before
               mention'd
               ,
               hath
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               curious
               Learning
               ,
               to
               shew
               what
               famous
               Rivers
               in
               the
               World
               had
               been
               destroy'd
               by
               
               Obstructions
               :
               He
               in
               p.
               448.
               cites
               Ovid
               for
               his
               —
               
                 Vidi
                 factas
                 ex
                 aequore
                 ●erras
              
               .
               He
               in
               p.
               177.
               making
               the
               three
               constituent
               Parts
               of
               a
               River
               to
               be
               Water
               ,
               the
               Banks
               and
               Channel
               ,
               considers
               the
               Mutations
               incident
               to
               them
               all
               ,
               and
               in
               p.
               460.
               saith
               ,
               
                 Ravenna
                 Italiae
                 urbs
                 ab
                 Augusto
                 Caesare
                 portu
                 manufacto
                 aucta
                 ,
                 nunc
                 pro
                 flumine
                 spaciosissimos
                 hortos
                 ostendit
                 ,
                 malis
                 plena
                 ,
                 sed
                 de
                 quibus
                 non
                 pendeant
                 vela
                 sed
                 poma
                 .
                 Ita
                 Patavij
                 ,
                 Aquileiae
                 ,
                 &
                 alibi
                 latissima
                 nunc
                 jugera
                 sunt
                 ,
                 ubi
                 olim
                 classium
                 stationes
                 fuerunt
                 ,
              
               &c.
               
                 Leowerdia
                 ,
                 Bosswerdia
                 ,
                 aliaeque
                 Frisiae
                 urbes
                 olim
                 maritimae
                 ,
                 nunc
                 integro
                 milliari
                 a
                 Mari
                 recesserunt
                 :
              
               And
               then
               speaks
               of
               other
               excellent
               Harbours
               there
               destroy'd
               by
               Oblimation
               or
               Sullage
               .
               And
               in
               p.
               177.
               he
               hath
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               excellent
               Learning
               much
               to
               this
               purpose
               ,
               and
               saith
               ,
               
                 Quod
                 si
                 perpetua
                 sit
                 fluminum
                 mutatio
                 ,
                 viderur
                 ipse
                 Deus
                 imperij
                 &
                 provinciae
                 terminos
                 mutaros
                 velle
                 ,
                 qui
                 ob
                 hanc
                 cau●am
                 Moabitis
                 minatur
                 ,
                 fluvium
                 ipsorum
                 Nimrim
                 exsiccatum
                 iri
                 ,
              
               Ierem.
               48.
               v.
               34.
               
               Psal.
               107.
               v.
               33.
               
               
                 Atque
                 hoc
                 experientia
                 confirmat
              
               .
               De
               qu●
               Lucian
               
               in
               
                 Charon
                 .
                 Atque
                 urbes
                 tanquam
                 homines
                 ,
                 &
                 quod
                 magis
                 est
                 admirabile
                 ,
                 etiam
                 universi
                 Fluvii
                 evanescunt
                 .
                 Inachi
                 enim
                 nullum
                 Argis
                 extat
                 vestigium
                 .
              
               Seneca
               in
               Hercul
               .
               Oetheo
               .
               
                 
                   Mutetur
                   Orbis
                   ,
                   vallibus
                   currat
                   Novis
                
                 
                   Ister
                   ,
                   novasque
                   Tanais
                   accipiat
                   vias
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Inde
               factum
               cum
               ex
               fluminum
               insolitis
               mutationibus
               praesagia
               sumerentur
               de
               mutationibus
               imperiorum
               ,
               ut
               flumina
               ipsa
               ab
               Ethnicis
               pro
               diis
               colerentur
               .
               
                 v.
                 Natal
                 .
                 Comit.
              
               lib.
               1.
               
               Mythol
               .
               11.
               
               Ita
               Nilus
               in
               Aegypto
               pro
               Deo
               cultus
               .
               De
               cujus
               presagiis
               ,
               Seneca
               l.
               4.
               
               Nat.
               quest
               .
               2.
               
               
                 And
                 there
                 afterward
                 speaks
                 of
                 the
              
               changes
               
                 of
                 the
              
               Channel
               
                 in
                 the
              
               Rhine
               .
            
             
               He
               
                 doth
                 often
              
               inculcate
               that
               Notion
               ,
               
                 That
                 the
              
               administration
               
                 of
                 the
              
               Banks
               of
               Rivers
               
                 is
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 the
              
               Regalia
               ;
               
                 and
                 he
                 in
              
               p.
               436.
               
                 quotes
                 a
                 great
              
               Writer
               
                 of
                 the
              
               Regalia
               ,
               
                 to
                 shew
                 that
                 the
                 Work
                 of
                 the
              
               Inspection
               and
               Conservacy
               
                 of
                 them
                 is
                 among
                 the
              
               Regalia
               :
               Sicuti
               etiam
               jus
               retardandi
               fl●mina
               ,
               ripas
               muniendi
               ,
               alveumque
               purgandi
               :
               
                 And
                 there
                 saith
              
               ,
               Hinc
               semper
               potestas
               statuendi
               de
               aggeribus
               ad
               ●uperiores
               pertinuit
               .
               Ita
               Romae
               remedium
               
               coercendo
               Tyberi
               ex
               Senatus
               consulto
               Ate●o
               Capitoni
               &
               L.
               Aruntio
               Mandatum
               ,
               Tacit.
               1.
               
               Annal.
               &
               Constitutus
               est
               in
               eum
               usum
               certus
               Magistratus
               ab
               Augusto
               Caesare
               ,
               Sueton.
               cap.
               37.
               
               Nempe
               curator
               Riparum
               ,
               &
               alvei
               Tyberis
               ut
               inscriptiones
               veteres
               habent
               ,
               
                 Lips.
                 in
                 Comment
                 .
                 ad
                 Annal.
                 Tacit.
              
               Tyberius
               etiam
               quinqueviros
               constituit
               ,
               
                 Dio
                 Cass.
              
               lib.
               37.
               
               Quos
               titulos
               usurpare
               ne
               principes
               quidem
               puduit
               .
            
             
               This
               great
               part
               of
               the
               Regalia
               ,
               namely
               ,
               the
               Conservation
               of
               all
               the
               
                 Royal
                 Rivers
              
               of
               England
               ,
               hath
               been
               always
               by
               our
               Kings
               deposited
               in
               the
               hands
               of
               the
               
                 Lord
                 High
                 Admiral
                 of
              
               England
               and
               Ireland
               ;
               and
               the
               trust
               thereof
               is
               both
               granted
               to
               our
               Admirals
               in
               all
               their
               Pattents
               ,
               and
               is
               inherent
               in
               their
               Office
               ;
               and
               in
               all
               the
               Patents
               of
               the
               Viceadmirals
               of
               the
               maritime
               Countyes
               in
               both
               Realms
               ,
               the
               Viceadmirals
               are
               expresly
               constituted
               Conservators
               of
               all
               the
               Royal
               Rivers
               and
               Ports
               belonging
               to
               those
               Counties
               ,
               as
               Mr.
               Brisband
               inform'd
               me
               upon
               his
               having
               perused
               the
               draughts
               of
               many
               Vice-admirals
               Patents
               ;
               I
               thereupon
               asking
               him
               whether
               those
               Viceadmirals
               did
               put
               their
               
               power
               of
               being
               Conservators
               of
               the
               Royal
               Rivers
               in
               execution
               ;
               he
               told
               me
               that
               upon
               his
               having
               consulted
               some
               of
               the
               Offices
               and
               Officers
               in
               the
               high
               Court
               of
               Admiralty
               about
               this
               very
               thing
               ,
               he
               could
               find
               no
               foot-steps
               of
               their
               having
               minded
               the
               Power
               of
               such
               Conservacy
               :
               
                 That
                 he
                 observ'd
                 them
                 diligent
                 enough
                 in
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Office
                 that
                 enabled
                 them
                 to
                 receive
                 several
                 Admiralty
                 Perquisites
                 and
                 Droits
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 Collectors
                 for
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 whom
                 they
                 often
                 gave
                 their
                 accounts
                 about
                 the
                 same
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 never
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 Accounts
                 of
                 their
                 Disbursments
                 any
                 thing
                 inserted
                 of
                 a
                 Penny
                 charge
                 they
                 ever
                 were
                 at
                 in
                 the
                 demolishing
                 any
                 Nusances
                 ,
                 or
                 removing
                 any
                 Shelfs
                 in
                 the
                 Royal
                 Rivers
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 doing
                 this
                 being
                 a
                 thing
                 of
                 great
                 charge
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 having
                 no
                 allowance
                 of
                 any
                 Sallary
                 to
                 support
                 their
                 Office
                 ,
                 this
                 Work
                 was
                 never
                 expected
                 from
                 them
                 .
              
            
             
               Thus
               then
               have
               Eneroachers
               took
               what
               liberty
               they
               pleas'd
               ,
               to
               make
               Purprestures
               on
               the
               Royal
               Rivers
               in
               the
               Countrey
               ,
               and
               to
               build
               Houses
               thereon
               as
               seem'd
               good
               in
               their
               own
               eyes
               ;
               and
               it
               hath
               there
               been
               ,
               
               as
               Gryphiander
               saith
               ,
               
                 p.
                 522.
                 
                 In
                 Corcyraeos
                 propter
                 impunitatem
                 maleficiorum
                 jocus
                 est
                 apud
                 Eustat
                 .
                 in
                 Dionys.
              
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               .
               i.
               e.
               
                 Libera
                 Corcyra
                 ,
                 caca
                 ubi
                 velis
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 But
                 the
              
               Secretary
               
                 shewed
                 me
                 how
                 that
                 in
                 the
              
               Finalis
               Concordia
               
                 of
                 the
              
               18th
               .
               of
               February
               ,
               1632.
               
                 before
                 the
              
               King
               in
               Council
               ,
               
                 between
                 the
              
               Common-Law
               
                 Iudges
                 and
                 the
                 Iudge
                 of
                 the
              
               Admiralty
               
                 concerning
                 Prohibitions
                 ,
                 one
              
               Article
               
                 agreed
                 to
                 ,
                 was
              
               ,
               That
               the
               Admiral
               may
               enquire
               of
               and
               redress
               all
               Annoyances
               and
               Obstructions
               in
               all
               Navigable
               Rivers
               beneath
               the
               first
               Bridges
               ,
               that
               are
               any
               impediments
               to
               Navigation
               ,
               or
               Passage
               to
               or
               from
               the
               Sea
               ,
               &c.
               and
               no
               Prohibition
               to
               be
               granted
               in
               such
               Case
               :
               
                 And
                 from
                 the
                 foremen●ion'd
              
               Report
               
                 of
                 the
              
               Judge
               
                 of
                 the
              
               Admiralty
               
                 to
                 the
                 late
              
               Commissioners
               
                 of
                 the
              
               Admiralty
               ,
               
                 it
                 is
                 plain
                 that
                 the
              
               Lord
               high
               Admiral
               
                 in
                 his
                 high
                 Court
                 of
              
               Admiralty
               
                 here
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 eye
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 hath
                 variously
                 acted
                 in
                 the
              
               Conservacy
               
                 of
                 the
              
               River
               of
               Thames
               ;
               
                 for
                 thence
                 I
                 noted
                 down
                 what
                 follows
                 ,
              
               viz.
               It
               can
               be
               made
               appear
               by
               Records
               in
               the
               Court
               of
               
               Admiralty
               ,
               that
               Licenses
               have
               been
               given
               by
               the
               Lord
               Admiral
               for
               the
               enlargement
               of
               Wharfs
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               said
               Court
               hath
               punish'd
               Persons
               for
               not
               keeping
               them
               in
               repair
               ,
               and
               Orders
               have
               been
               made
               from
               time
               to
               time
               for
               the
               regular
               lying
               of
               Ships
               ,
               by
               appointing
               how
               many
               shall
               ride
               a
               breast
               ,
               
                 &c.
                 and
                 the
              
               Report
               
                 mentions
                 ,
                 that
                 one
              
               was
               treated
               with
               by
               Persons
               concern'd
               in
               a
               late
               Patent
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               be
               permitted
               to
               take
               in
               some
               part
               of
               the
               Shoar
               to
               the
               Low
               water-mark
               ,
               
                 and
                 that
              
               another
               had
               de
               Facto
               
                 agreed
                 with
                 them
                 for
                 the
              
               summe
               of
               20
               l.
               for
               taking
               in
               80
               Foot
               deep
               ,
               and
               100
               Foot
               long
               of
               the
               Shoar
               .
               
                 I
                 have
                 been
                 by
                 my
                 Council
                 at
                 Law
                 inform'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 hath
                 seen
                 various
                 late
                 Patents
                 for
                 granting
                 away
                 the
              
               Soil
               
                 of
                 the
              
               Shoar
               to
               private
               
                 Persons
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 in
              
               Middlesex
               and
               Surrey
               ,
               
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 Counties
                 of
              
               Kent
               ,
               and
               Southampton
               ,
               and
               Norfolk
               ;
               
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 saw
                 a
              
               Deed
               
                 under
                 the
              
               Hand
               and
               Seal
               
                 of
                 the
                 Colour-man
                 befor●
                 named
                 in
              
               the
               City's
               Reasons
               ,
               
                 the
                 which
              
               Deed
               
                 was
                 dated
                 the
              
               22d
               .
               of
               January
               ,
               
                 in
                 the
              
               second
               
                 Year
                 of
                 the
                 late
                 King
              
               James
               ;
               
                 and
                 in
                 which
                 he
              
               Covenants
               
               
                 with
                 some
                 Sea-faring
                 People
                 ,
                 inhabitants
                 by
                 the
              
               Thames-side
               in
               Wapping
               ,
               that
               neither
               he
               nor
               his
               Heirs
               and
               Assigns
               will
               build
               any
               House
               or
               Wharf
               on
               the
               Soil
               between
               their
               Houses
               and
               Ground
               and
               the
               Low-water-mark
               ;
               
                 which
                 necessarily
                 shews
                 that
                 he
                 claim'd
                 a
                 Power
                 of
                 so
                 doing
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 .
              
            
             
               But
               at
               the
               Admirals
               granting
               Licenses
               for
               the
               Enlargement
               of
               Wharfs
               I
               do
               not
               wonder
               ,
               tho'
               yet
               there
               is
               no
               doubt
               but
               that
               both
               the
               Admiral
               and
               
                 Lord
                 Mayor
              
               as
               Conservators
               of
               the
               River
               of
               Thames
               ,
               have
               administred
               that
               branch
               of
               the
               
                 Regalia
                 candidè
                 &
                 castè
              
               ,
               and
               with
               great
               precaution
               ,
               with
               reports
               after
               references
               to
               sworn
               Surveyors
               ,
               that
               the
               River
               would
               not
               be
               damnify'd
               by
               such
               enlargement
               of
               Wharfs
               ,
               causing
               any
               Jettys
               to
               obstruct
               the
               course
               of
               the
               Tide
               in
               carrying
               away
               the
               Sullage
               ;
               a
               thing
               that
               generally
               happens
               by
               the
               Encroachments
               that
               private
               Persons
               have
               presumed
               to
               make
               on
               the
               River
               .
            
             
               And
               here
               I
               shall
               take
               occasion
               to
               observe
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               not
               only
               possible
               in
               some
               Cases
               to
               take
               in
               some
               part
               of
               the
               River
               without
               prejudice
               to
               it
               ,
               but
               it
               is
               also
               probable
               
               that
               the
               taking
               in
               some
               places
               of
               the
               River
               would
               tend
               to
               the
               good
               of
               it
               .
               The
               general
               Rule
               is
               ,
               that
               we
               may
               with
               safety
               to
               the
               River
               gain
               upon
               the
               hollow
               shore
               ,
               but
               not
               on
               the
               Convex
               Shore
               ,
               or
               where
               there
               are
               Head-lands
               ;
               for
               then
               it
               would
               change
               the
               Channel
               and
               turn
               the
               stream
               into
               Eddys
               ;
               as
               for
               example
               ,
               If
               the
               Custome-House-Key
               should
               be
               carry'd
               further
               ,
               which
               is
               already
               brought
               to
               the
               Channel
               ,
               it
               would
               be
               fatally
               mischievous
               .
            
             
               It
               hath
               been
               by
               several
               skilful
               Surveyors
               told
               me
               ,
               that
               after
               the
               Fire
               of
               London
               ,
               they
               upon
               the
               digging
               the
               foundation
               of
               the
               present
               Custome-house
               ,
               found
               that
               it
               was
               all
               such
               as
               we
               call
               
                 made
                 Earth
              
               ,
               and
               had
               been
               gain'd
               out
               of
               the
               Thames
               ,
               and
               therefore
               it
               was
               (
               I
               account
               )
               with
               great
               Prudence
               ,
               that
               the
               Conservators
               of
               the
               River
               consented
               ,
               that
               'till
               they
               came
               to
               deep
               Water
               ,
               it
               should
               be
               gain'd
               in
               for
               the
               better
               Convenience
               of
               Navigation
               ,
               that
               Vessels
               might
               float
               at
               ebb
               as
               they
               now
               do
               at
               the
               Custome-house
               .
            
             
               The
               same
               Surveyors
               assured
               me
               that
               under
               
                 St.
                 Magnus
              
               Church
               they
               after
               the
               Fire
               met
               with
               an
               old
               Campshot
               and
               
               Wharfing
               ,
               gain'd
               from
               the
               Thames
               ,
               and
               that
               at
               the
               same
               time
               they
               were
               inform'd
               that
               there
               were
               found
               Campshots
               much
               further
               from
               the
               Thames
               in
               digging
               of
               Cellars
               ;
               and
               whence
               it
               may
               be
               inferr'd
               probably
               ,
               that
               all
               Thames-street
               from
               Queenhithe
               downward
               to
               the
               Custome-house
               ,
               was
               gain'd
               out
               of
               the
               Thames
               .
            
             
               I
               give
               no
               hint
               of
               this
               ,
               that
               any
               Projector
               may
               take
               occasion
               from
               hence
               to
               begg
               Thames-street
               .
               God
               be
               thanked
               ,
               the
               illegality
               of
               granting
               Forfeitures
               before
               Conviction
               is
               now
               out
               of
               fashion
               .
               All
               vexatious
               or
               
                 prolling
                 Patents
              
               are
               now
               in
               the
               State
               of
               
                 damnati
                 antequam
                 Nati
              
               :
               And
               it
               must
               be
               acknowledged
               to
               the
               immortal
               praise
               of
               that
               true
               English-man
               ,
               Sir
               
                 George
                 Treby
              
               ,
               the
               
                 Attorney
                 General
              
               ,
               that
               he
               finding
               their
               Majesties
               Names
               surreptitiously
               used
               in
               the
               Prosecution
               of
               such
               a
               Patent
               ,
               did
               that
               great
               Iustiee
               to
               the
               Honour
               of
               the
               Government
               ,
               and
               to
               his
               own
               Character
               ,
               as
               to
               cause
               a
               
                 Cesset
                 Processus
              
               to
               be
               enter'd
               in
               the
               Case
               .
            
             
               When
               I
               consider
               the
               many
               Patents
               ,
               both
               illegal
               and
               vexatious
               that
               passed
               in
               the
               Reign
               of
               King
               Charles
               the
               second
               ,
               
               I
               call
               to
               mind
               that
               Maxime
               ,
               that
               
                 the
                 King
                 can
                 do
                 no
                 wrong
              
               ;
               that
               is
               ,
               he
               can
               in
               no
               
                 Grant
                 cum
                 effectu
              
               ,
               injure
               his
               People
               ,
               but
               by
               some
               of
               his
               Ministers
               in
               the
               Law
               passing
               it
               ,
               and
               who
               in
               so
               doing
               may
               be
               said
               ,
               
                 Violare
                 Sacramentum
                 Domini
                 Regis
              
               .
               I
               believe
               that
               that
               excellent
               Prince
               did
               in
               his
               Nature
               wish
               well
               to
               the
               Ease
               of
               his
               People
               as
               well
               as
               his
               own
               ,
               while
               by
               the
               fault
               of
               some
               of
               his
               Ministers
               so
               many
               Grants
               surreptitiously
               did
               pass
               of
               the
               
                 Same
                 conceal'd
              
               Lands
               ,
               and
               of
               Purprestures
               ,
               and
               of
               Lands
               derelicted
               ,
               &c.
               and
               when
               after
               Composition
               paid
               by
               the
               People
               to
               one
               Court-beggar
               ,
               he
               sent
               another
               to
               their
               doors
               ;
               and
               when
               the
               suffering
               Populace
               ,
               whose
               pretended
               Forfeitures
               were
               granted
               before
               Conviction
               ,
               were
               so
               often
               tempted
               to
               cry
               out
               ,
               
                 Quem
                 das
                 ●inem
                 Rex
                 magne
                 laborum
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 It
                 was
                 in
                 that
                 Reign
                 excellently
                 well
                 said
                 by
                 the
              
               Earl
               of
               Shaftsbury
               ,
               
                 in
                 his
              
               Speech
               
                 in
                 the
              
               Exchequer
               ,
               at
               Serjeant
               Thurland
               '
               
                 s
                 being
                 sworn
                 a
              
               Baron
               
                 there
                 ,
                 viz.
              
               Let
               me
               recommend
               to
               you
               ,
               so
               to
               manage
               the
               King's
               Justice
               and
               Revenue
               ,
               as
               the
               King
               may
               have
               most
               profit
               ,
               and
               the
               Subject
               least
               Vexation
               :
               
               Raking
               for
               old
               Debts
               ,
               the
               number
               of
               Informations
               ,
               Projects
               upon
               concealments
               ,
               I
               could
               not
               find
               in
               the
               eleven
               Years
               experience
               I
               have
               had
               in
               this
               Court
               ,
               ever
               to
               advantage
               the
               Crown
               :
               But
               such
               Proceedings
               have
               for
               the
               most
               part
               deliver'd
               up
               the
               Kings
               good
               Subjects
               into
               the
               hands
               of
               the
               worst
               of
               Men.
               
                 And
                 Sir
              
               William
               Petty
               
                 in
                 a
              
               Manuscript
               
                 I
                 have
                 seen
                 of
                 his
              
               ,
               of
               the
               Trade
               of
               
                 Ireland
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 purpose
                 ,
                 taking
                 Notice
                 of
                 the
                 several
              
               Trades
               
                 by
                 which
                 People
                 there
                 subsist
                 ,
                 speaks
                 of
                 many
                 there
                 driving
                 the
                 Trade
                 of
              
               Projectors
               ,
               
                 and
                 of
                 such
                 who
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 the
              
               King
               '
               
                 s
                 Name
                 ,
                 and
                 the
              
               Process
               
                 of
                 the
              
               Exchequer
               ,
               
                 about
                 concealed
                 Lands
                 ,
                 to
                 spunge
                 Composition
                 out
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 willing
                 to
                 buy
                 their
                 Peace
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 having
                 shew'd
                 how
                 much
                 the
              
               King
               
                 is
                 damnified
                 by
                 those
              
               Traders
               ,
               
                 he
                 saith
                 very
                 judiciously
                 in
                 the
                 end
                 ,
              
               That
               this
               Trade
               doth
               not
               add
               any
               thing
               more
               to
               the
               Common-wealth
               than
               Gamesters
               ,
               and
               even
               such
               of
               them
               as
               play
               with
               fal●e
               Dice
               ,
               do
               to
               the
               common
               stock
               of
               the
               whole
               Number
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               here
               therefore
               but
               just
               to
               take
               notice
               of
               the
               Prudence
               of
               the
               Trinity-house
               ,
               in
               that
               after
               they
               had
               on
               the
               
               18
               th
               .
               of
               August
               ,
               in
               the
               15th
               .
               Year
               of
               that
               King's
               Reign
               ,
               pass●d
               
                 Letters
                 Patents
              
               ,
               not
               only
               of
               the
               Ballast
               of
               the
               River
               of
               Thames
               ,
               but
               also
               of
               all
               the
               
                 Wast
                 ground
                 ,
                 Purprestures
                 and
                 Encroachments
                 ,
                 and
                 Soil
                 to
                 it
                 belonging
              
               ;
               they
               soon
               found
               that
               it
               would
               engage
               them
               in
               Controversies
               with
               the
               City
               of
               London
               ,
               and
               Seamen
               and
               Sea-saring
               People
               ,
               and
               therefore
               surrender'd
               it
               ,
               and
               the
               Surrender
               was
               enroll'd
               in
               Chancery
               the
               9
               th
               .
               of
               December
               ,
               in
               the
               16th
               .
               Year
               of
               that
               King
               ;
               and
               on
               the
               24th
               .
               of
               June
               ,
               in
               the
               following
               Year
               ,
               they
               took
               out
               
                 Letters
                 Patents
              
               for
               the
               Ballast
               alone
               .
               But
               there
               were
               Patents
               passed
               of
               the
               same
               Encroachments
               Prior
               to
               the
               Patent
               of
               Trinity-house
               as
               well
               as
               after
               it
               ;
               and
               it
               may
               be
               said
               ,
               that
               on
               those
               after
               it
               ,
               the
               Patentees
               came
               a
               gleaning
               ,
               not
               only
               after
               the
               Reapers
               ,
               but
               after
               the
               Beggars
               ,
               since
               whatever
               Trinity-house
               receives
               ,
               is
               only
               for
               the
               use
               of
               the
               Poor
               :
               However
               ,
               the
               Trinity-house
               in
               taking
               out
               that
               Patent
               for
               Encroachments
               on
               the
               Thames
               ,
               was
               made
               use
               of
               afterward
               as
               an
               Example
               or
               President
               in
               that
               Reign
               ,
               for
               other
               C●urtiers
               Petitioning
               for
               a
               Grant
               of
               the
               Encroachments
               
               on
               the
               Rivers
               Royal
               in
               the
               Out●ports
               through
               all
               England
               ;
               and
               the
               Petition
               referr'd
               found
               a
               favourable
               Report
               from
               one
               of
               the
               King's
               Council
               at
               Law
               ,
               but
               was
               stopp'd
               on
               the
               Letters
               from
               
                 all
                 the
                 Sea-port
                 Towns
                 in
              
               England
               to
               oppose
               it
               ,
               as
               likely
               to
               be
               troublesome
               and
               vexatious
               to
               the
               People
               ,
               and
               of
               which
               Letters
               I
               have
               seen
               the
               Abstracts
               .
            
             
               I
               thank
               God
               for
               his
               inclining
               me
               to
               ▪
               value
               that
               habit
               of
               ●ind
               ,
               namely
               ,
               of
               not
               giving
               any
               man
               the
               least
               Offence
               to
               get
               the
               greatest
               profit
               to
               my self
               ,
               equal
               with
               my
               Life
               ;
               and
               as
               those
               divine
               words
               of
               Tully
               shew
               he
               did
               with
               his
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 Non
                 enim
                 mihi
                 est
                 vita
                 mea
                 utilior
                 ,
                 quam
                 animi
                 mei
                 talis
                 affectio
                 ,
                 neminem
                 ut
                 violem
                 commodi
                 mei
                 gratiâ
                 ,
              
               lib.
               3.
               
               Offic.
               And
               were
               I
               commanded
               to
               write
               the
               History
               of
               the
               Reign
               of
               any
               Prince
               ,
               and
               therein
               in
               proper
               Colours
               to
               delineate
               any
               of
               the
               Ministers
               at
               Law
               to
               him
               who
               violated
               the
               ease
               of
               his
               fellow
               Subjects
               ,
               by
               the
               illegal
               passing
               of
               Grants
               of
               Forfeitures
               before
               Conviction
               ,
               I
               should
               transmit
               his
               Character
               to
               Posterity
               ,
               in
               the
               words
               of
               
                 Vir
                 natus
                 ad
                 corruptissimum
                 
                 istius
                 saeculi
                 Genium
                 :
              
               But
               the
               Genius
               of
               the
               Age
               is
               now
               for
               the
               making
               it self
               easie
               by
               its
               
                 spewing
                 up
              
               such
               Patents
               :
               And
               the
               benefit
               the
               People
               find
               thereby
               ,
               doth
               in
               a
               modest
               Computation
               outweigh
               all
               the
               Taxes
               they
               pay
               to
               the
               Government
               .
            
             
               The
               Magistrates
               of
               our
               Metropolis
               are
               now
               eased
               from
               the
               labour
               of
               going
               in
               their
               Formalities
               ,
               and
               with
               a
               Parade
               of
               City-officers
               attending
               them
               to
               Whitehall
               ,
               to
               seek
               relief
               as
               formerly
               in
               the
               Reign
               of
               that
               Prince
               .
            
             
               And
               I
               may
               for
               the
               Edification
               of
               the
               Citizens
               of
               our
               Metropolis
               in
               Loyalty
               ,
               fairly
               take
               occasion
               here
               to
               mind
               them
               ,
               that
               when
               (
               as
               the
               Story
               is
               in
               
               Howel's
               Londinopolis
               ,
               p.
               19.
               )
               King
               James
               the
               first
               ,
               being
               displeas'd
               with
               the
               City
               of
               London
               for
               their
               refusing
               to
               lend
               him
               Money
               ,
               told
               the
               Mayor
               and
               Aldermen
               attending
               him
               ,
               that
               he
               would
               remove
               his
               Court
               ,
               and
               the
               Tower
               Records
               ,
               and
               Courts
               of
               Westminster-Hall
               to
               some
               other
               remote
               place
               ;
               and
               an
               Alderman
               then
               ask'd
               him
               ,
               
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 remove
                 the
                 River
                 of
                 Thames
                 ?
              
               that
               if
               the
               Alderman
               thought
               that
               an
               impossibility
               ,
               he
               was
               certainly
               
               
                 ●ar
                 gone
              
               in
               Capon●brot●
               .
            
             
               For
               upon
               a
               discourse
               I
               had
               with
               a
               most
               sk●lful
               Surveyor
               ,
               on
               the
               occasion
               of
               my
               ●elling
               h●m
               that
               I
               thought
               whoever
               b●rgain'd
               away
               that
               part
               of
               the
               Shoar
               that
               was
               before
               mention'd
               ,
               viz.
               80
               Foot
               deep
               ,
               and
               100
               Foot
               long
               ,
               for
               20
               l.
               sold
               
                 Robin
                 Hood's
                 Penny
                 worths
              
               of
               it
               ,
               his
               Measures
               agreeing
               with
               mine
               therein
               ,
               and
               that
               many
               a
               Man
               would
               have
               given
               500
               l.
               for
               the
               same
               ;
               I
               found
               on
               the
               Result
               of
               our
               Conference
               how
               the
               Crown
               might
               grant
               away
               but
               a
               Moity
               of
               the
               River
               of
               Thames
               ,
               namely
               ,
               the
               Shore
               to
               the
               Low-water-mark
               on
               both
               sides
               ,
               (
               and
               which
               would
               in
               effect
               destroy
               the
               whole
               River
               as
               aforesaid
               )
               and
               gain
               the
               value
               of
               four
               Aldermens
               Estates
               by
               it
               .
            
             
               
                 For
                 thus
                 his
              
               Calculation
               was
               ,
               viz.
               
                 to
                 sh●w
                 that
                 whoever
                 gave
              
               500
               l.
               
                 for
                 it
                 ,
                 would
                 gain
              
               200
               l.
               
                 by
                 the
                 bargain
              
               .
               To
               go
               into
               the
               Thames
               100
               Foot
               long
               below
               Bridge
               ,
               will
               cost
               a
               Man
               300
               l.
               with
               the
               slighter
               sort
               of
               Wharfing
               .
               If
               he
               goes
               80
               Foot
               deep
               ,
               he
               hath
               it
               fill'd
               for
               nothing
               with
               rubbish
               ;
               so
               then
               he
               gives
               500
               l.
               and
               giveth
               300
               l.
               more
               for
               the
               charge
               of
               his
               Whar●
               :
               And
               he
               may
               gain
               
               200
               l.
               by
               the
               bargain
               by
               the
               ground●rents
               ,
               thus
               ,
               viz.
               He
               may
               build
               forward
               and
               backward
               on
               the
               Premises
               ,
               and
               may
               compute
               the
               ground
               rent
               by
               6
               or
               7
               s.
               the
               front
               Houses
               per
               Foot
               ,
               and
               2
               s.
               6
               
                 d.
                 per
              
               Foot
               the
               back
               Houses
               ;
               so
               then
               there
               being
               in
               a
               Mile
               above
               5000
               Foot
               ,
               he
               will
               gain
               in
               one
               Mile
               50
               times
               200
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               10000
               l.
               and
               the
               like
               on
               the
               other
               side
               ;
               and
               so
               proportionably
               for
               another
               Mile
               on
               both
               sides
               ;
               
                 Quod
                 erat
                 demonstrandum
              
               .
            
             
               There
               were
               by
               the
               appointment
               of
               King
               Charles
               the
               second
               two
               Surveys
               made
               of
               the
               River
               of
               Thames
               ,
               the
               one
               of
               the
               several
               depths
               of
               the
               River
               in
               its
               parts
               below
               Bridge
               ,
               perform'd
               with
               great
               Care
               and
               Skill
               by
               that
               excellent
               Mathematical
               Person
               ,
               Sir
               
                 Jonas
                 Moor
              
               ,
               and
               a
               Copy
               of
               which
               I
               can
               direct
               the
               Conservators
               of
               the
               River
               where
               to
               obtain
               for
               an
               inconsiderable
               Charge
               .
            
             
               The
               other
               was
               a
               Survey
               of
               the
               Encroachments
               I
               before
               referred
               to
               ,
               perform'd
               by
               the
               Navy-Board
               and
               Trinity-house
               ,
               with
               the
               assistance
               of
               Captain
               Collins
               ,
               his
               Majesties
               Hydrographer
               ,
               and
               wherein
               I
               said
               great
               pains
               was
               taken
               ;
               
               and
               a
               Copy
               whereof
               is
               herewith
               publish'd
               for
               the
               use
               of
               the
               Conservators
               of
               the
               River
               ,
               and
               I
               can
               direct
               them
               to
               Captain
               Collins
               his
               most
               accurate
               Draught
               of
               the
               River
               ,
               and
               most
               necessary
               to
               be
               had
               by
               them
               :
               And
               he
               in
               my
               judgment
               deserves
               to
               be
               well
               rewarded
               with
               some
               acknowledgment
               by
               the
               City
               for
               the
               great
               Pains
               taken
               ,
               and
               Skill
               by
               him
               shewn
               in
               that
               Draught
               ,
               tending
               to
               the
               preservation
               of
               their
               River
               :
               For
               he
               hath
               thereby
               laid
               an
               everlasting
               Foundation
               for
               the
               easie
               and
               certain
               Prevention
               of
               all
               future
               Encroachments
               on
               the
               Thames
               ,
               and
               which
               may
               be
               this
               way
               ,
               and
               I
               believe
               cannot
               possibly
               be
               effected
               by
               any
               other
               ;
               namely
               ,
               if
               the
               Lords
               Commissioners
               for
               executing
               the
               Office
               of
               the
               
                 Lord
                 High
                 Admiral
              
               shall
               appoint
               the
               Marshal
               of
               the
               Admiralty
               ,
               or
               some
               other
               Person
               ,
               and
               the
               
                 Lord
                 Mayor
              
               appoint
               his
               Water-Bailiff
               at
               the
               mending
               or
               repairing
               of
               any
               Wharf
               upon
               the
               Thames
               ,
               to
               see
               a
               Stake
               stuck
               down
               ,
               beyond
               which
               the
               Repairers
               of
               the
               Wharf
               shall
               not
               proceed
               ;
               and
               both
               of
               these
               Officers
               shall
               be
               order'd
               to
               demolish
               immediately
               whatever
               shall
               be
               added
               beyond
               such
               Stake
               .
               Captain
               Collins
               his
               Draught
               doth
               
               sufficiently
               set
               forth
               how
               far
               the
               Encroachments
               went
               that
               were
               made
               before
               the
               Month
               of
               October
               ,
               1684.
               the
               Month
               in
               or
               about
               which
               he
               gave
               in
               his
               Draught
               ,
               and
               to
               which
               this
               printed
               Survey
               referrs
               .
            
             
               Vpon
               my
               consulting
               the
               Authors
               that
               write
               of
               the
               Regalia
               ,
               to
               know
               their
               sense
               of
               the
               Office
               of
               a
               Conservator
               ,
               I
               found
               this
               definition
               of
               it
               there
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 Conservator
                 est
                 qui
                 sine
                 judiciali
                 examine
                 jus
                 aliquod
                 publicum
                 tuetur
                 .
              
               Nor
               is
               there
               any
               moot-point
               in
               our
               Law
               that
               need
               divert
               our
               Conservators
               of
               the
               Royal
               Rivers
               from
               the
               immediate
               demolishing
               of
               
                 Nusances
                 ,
                 sine
                 judiciali
                 examine
              
               .
            
             
               
                 For
                 as
                 little
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 convers'd
                 with
                 Law-Books
                 ,
                 I
                 find
              
               *
               that
               a
               Nusance
               once
               erected
               may
               be
               abated
               by
               any
               Body
               ,
               and
               that
               before
               prejudice
               receiv'd
               ,
               and
               that
               it
               cannot
               be
               granted
               by
               the
               King
               ,
               nor
               continued
               by
               the
               King's
               Grant
               or
               Pardon
               .
            
             
               And
               therefore
               when
               any
               one
               buyes
               a
               Nusance
               ,
               
               say
               I
               ,
               
                 Caveat
                 Emptor
              
               :
               I
               wish
               that
               all
               Mercy
               may
               be
               shewn
               to
               those
               who
               have
               formerly
               encroached
               ,
               and
               even
               to
               their
               old
               Encroachments
               ,
               as
               may
               be
               
               without
               Cruelty
               to
               the
               River
               .
               But
               I
               am
               inform'd
               that
               that
               merciful
               Prince
               ,
               King
               Charles
               the
               2d
               .
               gave
               Order
               to
               the
               
                 Lord
                 Mayor
              
               for
               the
               demolishing
               some
               particular
               New
               Encroachments
               that
               were
               very
               prejudicial
               to
               the
               River
               of
               Thames
               .
               He
               w●ll
               kn●w
               that
               two
               parts
               of
               three
               of
               the
               Customs
               come
               to
               the
               Crown
               from
               the
               Port
               of
               London
               :
               And
               no
               doubt
               but
               the
               consideration
               of
               that
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               the
               National
               concern
               of
               his
               Subjects
               ,
               inclined
               him
               to
               endeavour
               th●
               preservation
               of
               that
               River
               by
               the
               most
               effectual
               means
               ;
               and
               he
               being
               so
               of●en
               upon
               the
               River
               ,
               knew
               well
               that
               it
               would
               bear
               no
               more
               En●roachments
               ,
               it
               〈…〉
               in
               the
               Pool
               so
               full
               of
               〈…〉
               in
               of
               the
               〈…〉
               that
               a
               B●ar
               can
               hardly
               pass
               .
               He
               〈◊〉
               that
               the
               great
               strai●ness
               of
               the
               〈…〉
               the
               Conserva●o●s
               〈…〉
               more
               Ships
               to
               〈…〉
               been
               formerly
               〈…〉
               might
               produce
               ●he
               danger
               of
               〈…〉
               .
            
             
               His
               Majesty
               and
               a●l
               his
               People
               ,
               both
               representative
               and
               diffusive
               ,
               had
               been
               long
               sufficiently
               acquainted
               with
               the
               Doctrine
               of
               Nusa●ces
               ,
               since
               the
               passing
               of
               
               the
               Act
               against
               
                 Irish
                 Cattel
              
               ,
               and
               that
               a
               Patent
               for
               a
               Nusance
               was
               not
               worth
               its
               weight
               in
               burnt
               Silk
               :
               And
               he
               hath
               been
               often
               heard
               to
               say
               ,
               that
               
                 he
                 would
                 damn
                 all
                 Patents
                 that
                 damned
                 the
                 River
              
               ;
               and
               that
               the
               granting
               of
               things
               to
               the
               Low-water-mark
               must
               needs
               be
               vexatious
               ;
               for
               that
               the
               
                 Neap
                 tides
              
               and
               Spring-tides
               being
               so
               various
               at
               different
               times
               of
               the
               Month
               ,
               and
               different
               times
               of
               the
               Year
               ,
               beside
               all
               variety
               of
               Wind
               and
               Weather
               from
               abroad
               ,
               the
               great
               uncertainty
               of
               such
               Grants
               must
               make
               perpetual
               disturbances
               among
               his
               Subjects
               ;
               and
               that
               if
               any
               presumed
               to
               take
               in
               the
               River
               to
               what
               may
               seem
               the
               Low-water-mark
               ,
               that
               then
               Ships
               lying
               by
               the
               Walls
               would
               encrease
               the
               Mudd
               there
               ,
               and
               add
               to
               the
               dirt
               thrown
               in
               ,
               and
               that
               that
               might
               be
               built
               on
               too
               ,
               and
               so
               the
               River
               be
               annihilated
               .
               And
               he
               being
               inform'd
               that
               the
               Person
               who
               had
               made
               that
               Encroachment
               so
               prejudicial
               to
               the
               River
               ,
               and
               which
               he
               purchased
               for
               20
               l.
               was
               only
               Fined
               by
               my
               Lord
               Mayor's
               Court
               of
               Conservacy
               5
               l.
               for
               it
               ,
               was
               resolved
               to
               have
               it
               demolish'd
               ,
               b●th
               for
               the
               good
               of
               the
               River
               ,
               and
               to
               terrifie
               Encroachers
               for
               the
               future
               ;
               
               for
               that
               he
               well
               knew
               the
               demolishing
               of
               that
               one
               Encroachment
               would
               spoil
               the
               Market
               of
               selling
               Nusances
               for
               ever
               .
            
             
               
                 Nor
                 is
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 wonder'd
                 at
                 ,
                 that
                 his
              
               Majesty
               
                 was
                 so
              
               thoughtful
               
                 and
                 resolv'd
                 about
                 the
                 preservation
                 of
                 his
                 River
                 of
                 the
              
               Thames
               ,
               
                 since
                 the
                 Care
                 of
                 some
              
               Royal
               
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 not
                 so
                 considerable
                 as
                 that
                 ,
                 hath
                 been
                 known
                 to
                 take
                 up
                 so
                 much
                 of
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
              
               Council-Board
               ,
               
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 much
                 endanger'd
                 by
                 Obstructions
                 and
                 Annoyances
                 .
                 I
                 shall
                 here
                 take
                 occasion
                 to
                 mention
                 what
                 I
                 find
                 in
                 Sir
              
               Julius
               Caesar
               's
               Manuscript
               Collections
               
                 of
                 Matters
                 of
              
               State
               ,
               
                 that
                 after
                 King
              
               James
               
                 had
                 granted
                 the
              
               Conservacy
               
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 of
              
               Tyne
               
                 to
                 the
              
               Mayor
               and
               Burgesses
               of
               New-Castle
               ,
               
                 Complaints
                 were
                 brought
                 to
                 the
              
               Council-Board
               ,
               
                 of
                 the
                 great
              
               Decay
               of
               that
               
                 River
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 on
                 the
              
               29th
               .
               of
               January
               ,
               An.
               1613.
               certain
               Articles
               were
               order'd
               to
               be
               put
               in
               execution
               for
               the
               remedying
               the
               Abuses
               complained
               of
               :
               And
               it
               appearing
               that
               that
               River
               was
               in
               such
               eminent
               danger
               of
               being
               destroy'd
               ,
               if
               a
               very
               speedy
               course
               were
               not
               taken
               concerning
               it
               ,
               the
               Council
               order'd
               that
               Sir
               
                 Iulius
                 Caesar
              
               ,
               and
               Sir
               
               
                 Daniel
                 Denne
              
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               Judges
               of
               the
               Admiralty
               ,
               with
               the
               assistance
               of
               the
               Trinity-Masters
               of
               London
               ,
               should
               draw
               up
               additional
               Articles
               to
               be
               joyn'd
               with
               the
               former
               ,
               for
               the
               effectual
               Conservation
               of
               that
               River
               :
               
                 And
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 was
              
               ,
               That
               some
               truly
               trusty
               substantial
               Men
               ,
               Burgesses
               of
               New-Castle
               ,
               be
               appointed
               to
               View
               the
               River
               every
               Week
               ,
               and
               to
               make
               Oath
               of
               the
               abuses
               done
               to
               the
               same
               ;
               two
               of
               them
               to
               be
               Masters
               of
               the
               Trinity-House
               of
               New-Castle
               ,
               and
               they
               to
               have
               no
               Coles
               ,
               nor
               Mines
               ,
               nor
               Ballast-shores
               ,
               and
               who
               might
               be
               thought
               not
               concern'd
               for
               their
               own
               profit
               in
               casting
               Sullage
               into
               that
               River
               .
            
             
               The
               Government
               then
               thought
               not
               fit
               to
               make
               any
               Men
               Guardians
               of
               the
               Soil
               of
               that
               River
               ,
               who
               had
               a
               pretence
               by
               Patents
               to
               inherit
               it
               .
            
             
               In
               short
               ,
               when
               the
               Sun
               is
               just
               come
               into
               its
               Winter
               -
               Tropic
               ,
               the
               dayes
               begin
               to
               lengthen
               ,
               and
               not
               'till
               then
               ;
               and
               when
               things
               were
               at
               the
               worst
               with
               the
               River
               of
               Tyne
               ,
               they
               did
               then
               begin
               to
               mend
               :
               And
               the
               Wisdom
               of
               the
               Government
               shew'd
               its
               Dominion
               over
               all
               the
               Starrs
               ,
               
               whose
               influences
               threatned
               that
               Royal
               River
               :
               
                 Dictum
                 ,
                 factum
              
               ;
               and
               that
               River
               is
               preserv'd
               to
               this
               day
               ,
               and
               so
               I
               hope
               with
               Gods
               help
               will
               the
               River
               of
               Thames
               ,
               and
               all
               our
               Royal
               Rivers
               be
               for
               ever
               .
            
             
               It
               was
               the
               saying
               of
               Maximilian
               the
               first
               ,
               
                 Deus
                 aeterne
                 nisi
                 vigilares
                 quam
                 male
                 esset
                 mundo
                 ,
                 quem
                 regimus
                 ego
                 miser
                 Venator
                 &
                 ebriosus
                 ille
                 Julius
                 .
              
               The
               Viceadmiral
               of
               the
               County
               ,
               and
               the
               Mayor
               of
               Newcastle
               were
               in
               that
               Conjuncture
               
                 drowsie
                 Conservators
              
               of
               that
               River
               ;
               but
               Divine
               Providence
               was
               then
               awake
               to
               preserve
               that
               great
               useful
               River
               ,
               and
               to
               awaken
               the
               Government
               to
               take
               those
               Measures
               for
               its
               preservation
               that
               were
               necessary
               ,
               and
               suitably
               to
               which
               a
               
                 fac
                 simile
              
               might
               easily
               be
               taken
               on
               occasion
               for
               any
               other
               of
               our
               Royal
               Rivers
               .
            
             
               There
               is
               another
               of
               the
               Royal
               Rivers
               where
               the
               great
               Concern
               of
               Navigation
               did
               so
               wo●thily
               employ
               the
               time
               of
               the
               Council-Board
               in
               the
               Reign
               of
               King
               Charles
               the
               first
               :
               For
               one
               Morgan
               having
               built
               a
               House
               at
               Crockyern●●ill
               ,
               in
               the
               Port
               of
               Bristol
               ,
               (
               and
               in
               which
               place
               Posts
               had
               formerly
               b●●n
               er●ct●d
               ,
               
               for
               Ships
               and
               Barks
               being
               fasten'd
               to
               them
               )
               the
               Lords
               of
               his
               Majesties
               Council
               upon
               a
               Complaint
               of
               that
               hindrance
               to
               Navigation
               ,
               made
               an
               Order
               that
               Morgan
               should
               demolish
               and
               pull
               down
               that
               House
               ,
               that
               so
               Posts
               might
               remain
               there
               as
               formerly
               ,
               for
               the
               fastening
               of
               Ships
               ;
               as
               may
               appear
               by
               two
               several
               Orders
               made
               at
               Council-Board
               ,
               the
               one
               bearing
               date
               the
               11
               th
               .
               of
               June
               ,
               An.
               1670.
               and
               the
               other
               the
               29th
               .
               of
               October
               .
            
             
               And
               if
               any
               private
               Person
               may
               abate
               a
               Nusance
               ,
               even
               before
               prejudice
               receiv'd
               ,
               none
               need
               make
               it
               a
               Question
               whether
               the
               King
               or
               his
               
                 Privy
                 Council
              
               may
               ,
               or
               Persons
               by
               them
               Commission'd
               so
               to
               do
               .
            
             
               Because
               (
               as
               we
               say
               )
               that
               which
               is
               every
               body's
               work
               is
               no
               body's
               ,
               for
               that
               reason
               the
               Law
               hath
               entrusted
               that
               power
               of
               
                 abating
                 Nusances
              
               in
               the
               Royal
               Rivers
               to
               the
               
                 Lord
                 High
                 Admiral
              
               ,
               as
               their
               
                 Conservator
                 ,
                 ex
                 Officio
              
               ;
               and
               here
               for
               the
               doing
               that
               in
               the
               River
               of
               Thames
               ,
               the
               
                 Lord
                 Mayor
              
               hath
               been
               admitted
               to
               that
               trust
               ;
               and
               it
               is
               vested
               in
               both
               of
               their
               Offices
               ,
               both
               by
               Grant
               and
               Prescription
               ,
               according
               to
               that
               distinction
               so
               often
               used
               
               among
               the
               Writers
               of
               the
               
                 Regalia
                 ,
                 cumulativè
              
               but
               not
               privativè
               ;
               that
               is
               to
               say
               ,
               by
               the
               accumulating
               the
               power
               of
               Conservacy
               both
               to
               the
               
                 Lord
                 Admiral
              
               and
               the
               
                 Lord
                 Mayor
              
               ,
               neither
               of
               them
               is
               deprived
               of
               it
               .
               Neither
               would
               either
               be
               deprived
               of
               the
               exercise
               of
               their
               Power
               of
               demolishing
               Nusances
               ,
               if
               the
               King
               should
               grant
               a
               Commission
               to
               many
               other
               particular
               Persons
               so
               to
               do
               :
               Nor
               yet
               would
               the
               Commissionating
               of
               many
               other
               such
               Persons
               deprive
               the
               rest
               of
               their
               fellow
               Subjects
               of
               their
               right
               so
               to
               do
               .
            
             
               And
               here
               it
               is
               obvious
               to
               be
               said
               by
               the
               way
               ,
               that
               thô
               a
               Patent
               that
               pretends
               to
               grant
               Encroachments
               or
               Nusances
               is
               void
               ,
               yet
               a
               Patent
               or
               Commission
               to
               throw
               them
               down
               is
               most
               certainly
               very
               legal
               .
               But
               yet
               if
               any
               Man
               were
               so
               publick-spirited
               as
               without
               a
               Patent
               to
               attempt
               a
               thing
               so
               beneficial
               to
               his
               Countrey
               ,
               he
               would
               be
               able
               to
               effect
               it
               with
               as
               much
               readiness
               as
               that
               honourable
               Person
               ,
               who
               hath
               on
               many
               Accounts
               deserv'd
               so
               well
               from
               his
               Countrey
               ,
               the
               Earl
               of
               Craven
               ,
               without
               Patent
               or
               Commission
               ,
               or
               a
               Parade
               of
               Officers
               and
               gilded
               Maces
               going
               before
               him
               ,
               hath
               been
               long
               obey'd
               in
               the
               quenching
               of
               Fires
               .
            
             
             
               
                 My
                 Lord
              
               ,
               I
               believe
               the
               English
               Nation
               is
               doubled
               in
               populousness
               ,
               since
               the
               ancient
               Methods
               were
               first
               used
               of
               trusting
               the
               Care
               of
               Conservacy
               of
               the
               Royal
               Rivers
               in
               the
               Countrey
               to
               our
               Vice-admirals
               ,
               whose
               so
               long
               Non-user
               of
               their
               power
               relating
               to
               the
               Encroachments
               on
               them
               ,
               hath
               sufficiently
               appear'd
               by
               the
               many
               Patents
               of
               those
               Encroachments
               in
               the
               several
               Countreys
               granted
               in
               the
               Reign
               of
               King
               Charles
               the
               second
               ,
               and
               the
               which
               hath
               beside
               the
               inconvenience
               of
               the
               straitning
               those
               Rivers
               ,
               produced
               another
               to
               our
               Navigation
               ,
               namely
               ,
               the
               Creating
               much
               trouble
               by
               innumerable
               Law-suits
               to
               our
               Navigators
               ,
               who
               generally
               inhabit
               by
               the
               sides
               of
               those
               Rivers
               ,
               and
               where
               their
               Ships
               use
               to
               lye
               :
               And
               it
               is
               pitty
               but
               that
               some
               Clauses
               should
               have
               been
               inserted
               in
               those
               Patents
               ,
               to
               direct
               a
               different
               way
               of
               Prosecution
               in
               their
               Case
               from
               that
               of
               other
               Subjects
               ,
               and
               that
               unless
               very
               enormous
               prejudice
               had
               come
               by
               their
               Encroachments
               to
               the
               Royal
               Rivers
               ,
               the
               Seamen
               might
               not
               have
               been
               put
               to
               it
               to
               give
               Compositson-money
               for
               the
               licensing
               their
               Nusances
               .
               It
               hath
               been
               truly
               observ'd
               
               by
               a
               late
               Writer
               ,
               
                 That
                 Seamen
                 are
                 easily
                 tempted
                 to
                 seek
                 good
                 Entertainment
                 in
                 other
                 Countreys
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 find
                 it
                 not
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 apt
                 to
                 change
                 their
                 own
                 Quarters
                 ,
                 and
                 embarque
                 in
                 Forreign
                 Service
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 upon
                 a
                 Capricio
                 of
                 their
                 reputing
                 themselves
                 disobliged
                 at
                 home
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 other
                 times
                 on
                 their
                 expectance
                 of
                 being
                 better
                 used
                 abroad
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 a
                 Remonstrance
                 from
              
               Trinity-house
               
                 to
                 the
                 Earl
                 of
              
               Nottingham
               ,
               
                 Lord
                 high
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 certify'd
                 by
                 them
                 to
                 his
                 Lordship
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 more
                 than
                 12
                 Years
                 after
                 1588.
                 the
                 Shipping
                 and
                 Number
                 of
                 our
                 Seamen
                 were
                 decay'd
                 about
                 a
                 third
                 part
                 .
              
            
             
               It
               seems
               by
               the
               wise
               Conduct
               of
               the
               Government
               then
               ,
               our
               Sea-men
               and
               their
               numbers
               were
               carefully
               enroll'd
               .
            
             
               
                 But
                 so
                 indulgent
                 was
                 Queen
              
               Elizabeth
               
                 to
                 the
              
               Seamen
               
                 in
                 her
                 Reign
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 find
                 in
                 the
              
               Act
               of
               Parliament
               ,
               35
               Eliz.
               c.
               6.
               
               An
               Act
               for
               restraining
               of
               New
               Buildings
               ,
               
                 a
                 particular
                 tender
                 regard
                 is
                 had
                 to
                 the
              
               Seamen
               ;
               
                 for
                 there
                 it
                 is
                 said
              
               ,
               Provided
               also
               notwithstanding
               any
               thing
               in
               this
               Act
               ,
               it
               shall
               and
               may
               be
               lawful
               for
               
               every
               such
               Mariner
               ,
               Sailor
               ,
               &c.
               as
               shall
               be
               allow'd
               by
               the
               Lord
               Admiral
               ,
               a●d
               the
               Masters
               and
               Company
               of
               the
               Trinity-House
               for
               the
               time
               being
               ,
               in
               writing
               under
               their
               Hands
               and
               Seals
               to
               continue
               in
               his
               habitation
               in
               any
               House
               that
               hath
               been
               built
               sithence
               the
               said
               Proclamation
               ,
               near
               to
               the
               
               Thames-side
               ,
               serving
               only
               for
               the
               habitation
               of
               such
               Mariner
               ,
               and
               not
               to
               be
               used
               for
               any
               Victualling-house
               ,
               nor
               for
               any
               House
               for
               any
               Merchandize
               ,
               &c.
               and
               likewise
               that
               any
               Mariner
               may
               hereafter
               build
               any
               House
               for
               such
               purpose
               ,
               and
               for
               no
               other
               ,
               on
               or
               near
               the
               
               Thames-side
               ,
               so
               as
               it
               may
               be
               distant
               from
               the
               very
               Wharf
               or
               Bank
               thirty
               Foot
               ,
               so
               as
               People
               may
               pass
               between
               the
               said
               Houses
               ,
               and
               the
               said
               Bank
               and
               the
               Thames
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               I
               speak
               not
               this
               as
               if
               I
               would
               have
               any
               Mariners
               make
               any
               new
               Encroachments
               on
               any
               of
               our
               Royal
               Rivers
               ,
               especially
               on
               the
               Thames
               ,
               which
               is
               already
               so
               much
               straiten'd
               :
               But
               I
               urge
               it
               to
               shew
               how
               the
               Wisdom
               of
               the
               Government
               then
               did
               make
               it
               (
               as
               I
               may
               say
               )
               a
               fundamental
               Rule
               for
               the
               Preservation
               of
               the
               River
               of
               Thames
               ,
               that
               even
               while
               encouragement
               
               was
               providing
               for
               the
               Sea-men
               ,
               (
               the
               Walls
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               )
               yet
               Houses
               by
               the
               Thames
               should
               not
               be
               permitted
               ,
               but
               by
               the
               Allowance
               of
               the
               Admiral
               ,
               the
               great
               Conservator
               of
               all
               the
               Royal
               Rivers
               ,
               and
               the
               Trinity-house
               ,
               first
               had
               under
               their
               Hands
               and
               Seals
               .
               Several
               of
               the
               Members
               of
               the
               Trinity-House
               dwelling
               by
               the
               
               Thames-side
               below
               Bridge
               ,
               cannot
               but
               as
               they
               go
               up
               and
               down
               by
               Water
               ,
               take
               notice
               of
               the
               Encroachments
               as
               they
               are
               making
               ,
               and
               which
               of
               them
               will
               eminently
               prejudice
               the
               River
               ,
               and
               which
               not
               ,
               and
               so
               are
               the
               more
               proper
               to
               be
               consulted
               in
               the
               Case
               .
            
             
               
                 And
                 from
                 hence
                 we
                 may
                 Collect
                 this
                 great
              
               Document
               ,
               
                 and
                 so
                 necessary
                 to
                 be
                 thought
                 of
              
               again
               and
               again
               ,
               
                 by
                 the
              
               Conservators
               
                 of
                 our
              
               publick
               
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 namely
                 ,
                 That
              
               whatever
               alteration
               is
               made
               in
               them
               ,
               by
               building
               on
               them
               ,
               thô
               never
               so
               little
               ,
               ought
               to
               be
               with
               great
               Care
               ,
               and
               with
               the
               use
               of
               the
               
                 Consilium
                 peritorum
              
               ,
               and
               not
               by
               the
               arbitrage
               of
               private
               Patentees
               and
               their
               Executors
               ,
               but
               by
               the
               Publick
               Conservators
               ,
               to
               whose
               personal
               Circumspection
               and
               Skill
               that
               great
               trust
               was
               always
               committed
               by
               
               the
               Government
               ;
               the
               Office
               
                 of
                 the
              
               Admiral
               
                 having
                 never
                 been
                 granted
                 by
              
               Inheritance
               ,
               
                 as
                 some
                 great
                 Offices
              
               ,
               viz.
               the
               Earl
               Marshal
               and
               Lord
               Great
               Chamberlain
               
                 have
                 been
              
               .
            
             
               And
               there
               is
               another
               instance
               of
               the
               ancient
               Care
               of
               the
               Government
               over
               the
               River
               of
               Thames
               ,
               that
               is
               very
               memorable
               ,
               namely
               ,
               the
               excellent
               Institution
               of
               the
               
                 Wardmote
                 Inquest
              
               ,
               the
               which
               thing
               hath
               worthily
               made
               the
               Government
               of
               the
               City
               of
               London
               so
               famous
               all
               over
               the
               World.
               
            
             
               
                 I
                 have
                 read
                 the
                 Articles
                 of
                 the
              
               Charge
               
                 of
                 the
              
               Wardmote
               Inquest
               ,
               
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 print
                 in
                 Queen
              
               Elizabeth
               
                 's
                 time
                 ,
                 whereof
                 the
              
               4th
               .
               Article
               is
               ,
               Ye
               shall
               swear
               that
               ye
               shall
               enquire
               and
               truly
               present
               all
               the
               Offences
               and
               Defaults
               done
               by
               any
               Person
               or
               Persons
               in
               the
               River
               of
               Thames
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               intent
               and
               purport
               of
               an
               Act
               made
               by
               our
               late
               Sovereign
               Lord
               King
               Edward
               the
               6
               th
               .
               in
               his
               High
               Court
               of
               Parliament
               ,
               and
               also
               of
               divers
               other
               things
               ,
               ordain'd
               by
               Act
               of
               Common
               Council
               of
               this
               City
               ,
               for
               the
               redress
               and
               amendment
               of
               the
               said
               River
               ,
               which
               as
               now
               is
               in
               great
               decay
               
               and
               ruine
               ,
               and
               will
               be
               in
               short
               time
               past
               all
               remedy
               ,
               if
               high
               and
               substantial
               Provision
               and
               Help
               be
               not
               had
               with
               all
               speed
               and
               diligence
               possible
               ,
               as
               more
               plainly
               appeareth
               in
               the
               said
               Act
               of
               Parliament
               ,
               and
               the
               said
               Act
               of
               Common-Council
               of
               this
               City
               .
            
             
               Here
               the
               most
               grave
               and
               substantial
               Citizens
               ,
               are
               put
               to
               it
               by
               a
               promissory
               Oath
               to
               stake
               their
               Eternities
               ,
               and
               in
               effect
               to
               invocate
               God
               ,
               both
               as
               Witness
               and
               Revenger
               ,
               about
               their
               doing
               right
               to
               that
               River
               in
               their
               Presentments
               ;
               and
               I
               am
               sure
               the
               present
               State
               of
               it
               being
               conformable
               to
               the
               Words
               ,
               in
               that
               Article
               relating
               to
               
                 its
                 great
                 decay
                 and
                 ruine
              
               ,
               &c.
               is
               what
               they
               may
               safely
               swear
               in
               an
               Oath
               assertory
               .
            
             
               Howel
               in
               his
               Londinopolis
               ,
               p.
               392.
               speaks
               of
               this
               Article
               still
               continuing
               in
               Presentments
               in
               the
               
                 Wardmote
                 Inquest
              
               .
            
             
               When
               the
               Government
               did
               anciently
               order
               the
               
                 Lord
                 High
                 Admiral
              
               and
               the
               
                 Lord
                 Mayor
              
               to
               espouse
               the
               Interest
               of
               this
               River
               ,
               our
               Monarchs
               did
               not
               present
               to
               them
               ,
               as
               one
               did
               who
               told
               a
               Roman
               Emperor
               ,
               he
               offer'd
               him
               a
               Lady
               ,
               
               who
               was
               
                 Vidua
                 &
                 indotata
              
               .
               As
               much
               as
               it
               hath
               been
               (
               as
               I
               may
               say
               )
               widdowed
               ,
               and
               bereaved
               of
               that
               Care
               it
               should
               have
               found
               ,
               while
               many
               now
               living
               remember
               at
               least
               a
               fifth
               part
               of
               it
               to
               have
               been
               taken
               in
               by
               Encroachers
               ,
               it
               brings
               in
               still
               a
               very
               fair
               and
               plentiful
               Dower
               to
               the
               
                 Lord
                 Admiral
              
               and
               
                 Lord
                 Mayor
              
               .
               The
               
                 Lord
                 Admiral
              
               hath
               been
               by
               it
               enabled
               to
               support
               the
               Trinity-House
               by
               the
               Ballast-Office
               ;
               and
               I
               in
               my
               Conscience
               think
               it
               well
               bestow'd
               on
               them
               ,
               that
               is
               to
               say
               ,
               on
               the
               poor
               Seamen
               whom
               that
               excellent
               Corporation
               relieves
               thereby
               .
            
             
               The
               Chainage
               of
               Ships
               belongs
               to
               the
               Admiral
               ,
               and
               the
               right
               of
               the
               Ferriage
               over
               all
               Rivers
               between
               the
               first
               Bridges
               and
               the
               Sea
               is
               a
               Perquisite
               of
               Admiralty
               ,
               and
               the
               right
               thereof
               is
               inherent
               in
               the
               Office
               of
               the
               Admiral
               ;
               and
               't
               is
               notorious
               that
               the
               Right
               of
               the
               Ballastage
               in
               all
               the
               other
               Royal
               Rivers
               of
               England
               belongs
               to
               the
               Admiral
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               in
               the
               River
               of
               Thames
               .
               There
               is
               the
               Perquisite
               of
               Anchorage
               in
               the
               Thames
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               elsewhere
               ,
               belonging
               to
               the
               Admiral
               ,
               as
               are
               likewise
               many
               other
               Perquisites
               ,
               and
               that
               are
               enumerated
               in
               the
               
               Admiral
               's
               Patent
               .
            
             
             
               Nor
               can
               any
               Right
               belonging
               to
               the
               Admiral
               be
               pass'd
               by
               the
               Crown
               under
               the
               
                 Great
                 Seal
              
               to
               any
               one
               but
               by
               the
               
               Admiral
               's
               Warrant
               to
               the
               Attorney
               or
               Solicitor
               general
               .
            
             
               To
               the
               
                 Lord
                 Mayor
              
               as
               Water-bayly
               and
               Conservator
               of
               the
               River
               of
               Thames
               ,
               several
               Fees
               and
               Profits
               belong
               :
               And
               to
               that
               Office
               of
               Conservator
               belongs
               the
               Office
               of
               
                 Measuring
                 Coals
                 ,
                 Grain
                 ,
                 Fruit
                 ,
              
               in
               the
               Port
               of
               London
               ,
               with
               the
               Fees
               belonging
               to
               it
               ;
               and
               the
               Fines
               imposed
               in
               his
               Court
               of
               Conservacy
               ,
               or
               by
               the
               Commissioners
               of
               Sewers
               for
               Misdemeanors
               that
               concern
               the
               River
               ;
               and
               other
               Perquisites
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               which
               the
               Admirals
               have
               long
               ceased
               to
               intermeddle
               ;
               and
               not
               without
               cause
               ,
               because
               of
               the
               great
               Charge
               incident
               to
               the
               Lord
               Mayor's
               Conservacy
               of
               the
               River
               ,
               and
               particularly
               in
               matters
               relating
               to
               the
               Fishery
               ,
               and
               the
               charge
               that
               attends
               the
               traversing
               Indictments
               ,
               and
               removing
               them
               to
               the
               Kings-Bench
               ,
               as
               likewise
               the
               Charge
               of
               suing
               out
               
                 Scire
                 Facias
              
               '
               es
               to
               vacate
               the
               Grants
               of
               particular
               Persons
               that
               entrench
               on
               the
               rights
               of
               the
               Lord
               Mayor's
               Conservacy
               ,
               and
               which
               Charge
               they
               
               have
               often
               supported
               without
               being
               therein
               assisted
               by
               the
               
                 Lord
                 Admirals
              
               .
            
             
               I
               might
               instance
               in
               many
               passages
               in
               the
               reigns
               of
               our
               Kings
               long
               ago
               ,
               concerning
               the
               
                 Lord
                 Mayor's
              
               applying
               to
               the
               Government
               ,
               when
               private
               Courtiers
               had
               surreptitiously
               obtain'd
               Patents
               that
               interloped
               in
               the
               Conservacy
               of
               the
               River
               ;
               as
               for
               example
               ,
               Edward
               the
               4
               th
               .
               having
               made
               a
               Grant
               to
               the
               
                 Earl
                 of
                 Pembroke
              
               for
               
                 setting
                 up
                 a
                 Weare
                 in
                 the
                 River
                 of
              
               Thames
               ,
               and
               the
               
                 Lord
                 Mayor
              
               applying
               to
               the
               King
               about
               it
               ,
               obtain'd
               a
               
                 Scire
                 Facias
              
               to
               vacate
               that
               Grant
               ,
               and
               vigorously
               prosecuted
               the
               vacating
               thereof
               to
               effect
               .
            
             
               And
               how
               in
               the
               two
               last
               Reigns
               several
               
                 Lord
                 Mayors
              
               with
               great
               Industry
               and
               Charge
               prosecuted
               the
               vacating
               of
               Patents
               that
               they
               judged
               entrenching
               on
               the
               Conservacy
               ,
               that
               both
               by
               Charter
               and
               Prescription
               belong'd
               to
               them
               ,
               is
               known
               to
               every
               one
               :
               Nor
               will
               the
               unwearied
               diligence
               of
               those
               Patriotly
               
                 Lord
                 Mayors
              
               ,
               Sir
               
                 William
                 Pritchard
              
               ,
               Sir
               
                 Henry
                 Tulse
              
               ,
               Sir
               
                 James
                 Smith
              
               ,
               Sir
               
                 Robert
                 Jefferys
              
               ,
               Sir
               
                 John
                 Peak
              
               ,
               in
               thus
               shewing
               their
               Zeal
               for
               the
               Conservacy
               of
               the
               River
               ,
               
               be
               ever
               forgot
               ,
               while
               that
               City
               keeps
               Records
               .
            
             
               And
               they
               are
               strangers
               to
               the
               Character
               of
               the
               present
               
                 Lord
                 Mayor
              
               ,
               both
               for
               integrity
               and
               prudence
               in
               Political
               Conduct
               ,
               and
               his
               Zeal
               for
               maintaining
               the
               known
               Rights
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               who
               shall
               think
               that
               if
               he
               had
               been
               at
               the
               Helm
               of
               them
               Government
               of
               the
               City
               when
               they
               were
               ,
               he
               would
               not
               have
               steer'd
               the
               same
               Course
               as
               the
               most
               active
               of
               them
               did
               ,
               and
               that
               with
               such
               a
               Courage
               as
               is
               worthy
               the
               high
               Sphere
               of
               Magistracy
               he
               moves
               in
               .
               
                 A
                 Coward
              
               (
               saith
               one
               )
               
                 cannot
                 be
                 a
                 good
                 Christian
                 ,
                 much
                 less
                 a
                 good
                 Magistrate
                 .
              
               Solomon
               
                 's
                 Throne
                 of
                 Ivory
                 was
                 supported
                 by
                 Lyons
                 .
                 Innocency
                 and
                 Integrity
                 cannot
                 be
                 preserved
                 in
                 Magistracy
                 without
                 Courage
                 .
                 Magistrates
                 are
                 great
                 Blessings
                 ,
              
               Modo
               audeant
               ,
               quae
               sentiunt
               ,
               
                 if
                 they
                 dare
                 do
                 their
                 Conscience
                 .
              
               
                 Me
                 quae
                 te
                 peperi
                 ne
                 Cesses
                 Thorna
                 tueri
                 ,
              
               was
               the
               ancient
               Inscription
               of
               the
               
                 Bridge-house
                 Seal
              
               ,
               and
               which
               may
               give
               an
               occasional
               hint
               to
               any
               Citizen
               of
               London
               ,
               advanced
               to
               Authority
               and
               Opulency
               
               therein
               ,
               to
               wish
               well
               to
               the
               defence
               of
               that
               River
               that
               hath
               so
               long
               bred
               and
               preserv'd
               the
               Riches
               of
               that
               City
               .
            
             
               I
               am
               here
               led
               to
               observe
               ,
               how
               that
               River
               being
               pester'd
               by
               various
               Annoyances
               in
               the
               Reign
               of
               Henry
               the
               8
               th
               .
               and
               the
               Lord
               Mayor's
               Offices
               being
               made
               uneasie
               ,
               and
               hinder'd
               in
               the
               Conservacy
               of
               the
               River
               ;
               the
               City
               apply'd
               to
               the
               King
               for
               a
               Proclamation
               ,
               who
               accordingly
               issued
               out
               one
               in
               the
               34th
               .
               Year
               of
               his
               Reign
               ,
               strictly
               requiring
               ,
               
                 That
                 none
                 should
                 presume
                 to
                 resist
                 ,
                 or
                 deny
                 ,
                 or
                 impugne
                 the
                 Lord
                 Mayor
                 or
                 his
                 Deputies
                 ,
                 in
                 doing
                 or
                 executing
                 any
                 thing
                 that
                 might
                 conduce
                 to
                 the
                 Conservacy
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 ,
              
               &c.
               
            
             
               And
               methinks
               the
               Customary
               yearly
               Solemnity
               of
               the
               New
               Lord
               Mayor's
               attended
               with
               all
               the
               
                 City
                 Companies
              
               in
               their
               Barges
               on
               the
               Thames
               ,
               and
               there
               on
               that
               River
               above
               Bridge
               having
               their
               first
               Scene
               of
               Triumph
               ,
               as
               they
               are
               going
               to
               Westminster-Hall
               to
               be
               sworn
               ,
               should
               give
               them
               occasion
               to
               think
               often
               of
               that
               Rivers
               preservation
               in
               the
               following
               part
               of
               the
               Year
               .
            
             
             
               I
               am
               here
               led
               to
               call
               to
               mind
               a
               fatal
               danger
               that
               that
               River
               above
               Bridge
               escaped
               in
               the
               Reign
               of
               the
               late
               King
               ,
               when
               some
               were
               so
               hardy
               as
               to
               offer
               him
               a
               Proposition
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               way
               of
               a
               Project
               to
               enlarge
               his
               Revenue
               by
               straitning
               the
               River
               ,
               and
               by
               building
               another
               Street
               ,
               between
               the
               high
               and
               low-water-mark
               ,
               from
               the
               Bridge
               to
               White-Hall
               .
               But
               thô
               so
               great
               a
               straitning
               of
               the
               River
               there
               would
               not
               have
               been
               so
               prejudicial
               to
               the
               publick
               as
               lesser
               straitnings
               of
               it
               below
               bridge
               ,
               where
               the
               great
               Scene
               of
               Navigation
               lyes
               ,
               yet
               his
               Majesty
               with
               great
               judgment
               gave
               a
               peremptory
               denyal
               to
               the
               Proposition
               ,
               for
               this
               particular
               reason
               ,
               namely
               ,
               that
               such
               an
               alteration
               in
               the
               River
               might
               perhaps
               produce
               an
               alteration
               in
               the
               Tide
               of
               Flood
               ,
               and
               be
               the
               cause
               of
               its
               not
               flowing
               so
               many
               hours
               as
               it
               doth
               ,
               and
               which
               effect
               too
               he
               thought
               the
               building
               of
               a
               Bridge
               at
               Lambeth
               (
               a
               Project
               that
               some
               offer'd
               to
               his
               Consideration
               )
               might
               produce
               ,
               it
               being
               obvious
               that
               the
               Obstacle
               the
               course
               of
               the
               Tide
               meets
               with
               by
               
                 London
                 bridge
              
               ,
               doth
               much
               occasion
               the
               Tide
               of
               Flood
               being
               the
               shorter
               .
            
             
             
               And
               if
               great
               Care
               had
               not
               been
               taken
               by
               the
               Trinity-house
               ,
               in
               the
               government
               of
               their
               Ballast-Lighters
               ,
               and
               ordering
               them
               not
               to
               draw
               up
               Ballast
               too
               near
               the
               Banks
               of
               the
               River
               ,
               there
               would
               have
               been
               great
               danger
               of
               another
               accident
               that
               might
               have
               curtail'd
               the
               Tide
               of
               Flood
               ;
               I
               mean
               by
               their
               coming
               nearer
               to
               the
               shoar
               than
               the
               safety
               of
               the
               great
               Level
               by
               Limehouse
               will
               admit
               .
               In
               the
               same
               time
               that
               they
               can
               draw
               up
               one
               Tun
               of
               Ballast
               in
               deep
               Water
               ,
               they
               may
               draw
               up
               three
               near
               the
               shoar
               .
               A
               breach
               in
               that
               Level
               did
               within
               these
               few
               Years
               cost
               the
               Proprietors
               25000
               l.
               a
               third
               part
               of
               the
               value
               of
               the
               Land
               :
               And
               if
               a
               new
               greater
               breach
               came
               ,
               perhaps
               it
               would
               not
               be
               repairable
               ,
               and
               possibly
               cause
               the
               Thames
               not
               to
               flow
               up
               so
               far
               as
               it
               did
               ,
               and
               yet
               doth
               .
               But
               any
               thing
               of
               this
               Nature
               we
               may
               well
               hope
               will
               be
               prevented
               by
               the
               excellent
               Management
               of
               the
               Ballast-Office
               ,
               by
               the
               industry
               of
               that
               Virtuous
               and
               Prudent
               Lady
               ,
               the
               
                 Lady
                 Brooks
              
               ,
               who
               hath
               the
               Lease
               thereof
               from
               the
               Trinity-house
               ,
               and
               hath
               taken
               much
               more
               Care
               of
               its
               being
               managed
               for
               the
               good
               of
               the
               River
               ,
               than
               was
               took
               formerly
               .
            
             
             
               I
               forgot
               when
               I
               was
               just
               now
               considering
               the
               Affair
               of
               the
               Annoyances
               and
               Streightning
               of
               the
               River
               above
               Bridge
               ,
               to
               mention
               it
               ,
               that
               a
               Gentleman
               of
               the
               Temple
               ,
               who
               has
               not
               been
               many
               Years
               a
               Barrester
               ,
               told
               me
               ,
               
                 He
                 remembers
                 that
                 since
                 he
                 was
                 of
                 that
                 Society
                 ,
                 the
                 River
                 at
                 low-water
                 came
                 up
                 so
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 touch
                 the
                 Garden-wall
              
               ;
               and
               every
               one
               knows
               at
               what
               great
               distance
               it
               is
               now
               from
               the
               Wall
               at
               low-water
               .
            
             
               
                 My
                 Lord
              
               ,
               I
               have
               here
               given
               your
               great
               active
               thoughts
               the
               best
               entertainment
               I
               could
               upon
               our
               Royal
               Rivers
               ,
               and
               particularly
               on
               the
               Thames
               .
               Great
               men
               are
               like
               the
               heavenly
               bodies
               that
               find
               much
               veneration
               but
               no
               rest
               ,
               unless
               we
               find
               a
               Salvo
               for
               their
               having
               the
               latter
               ,
               by
               saying
               what
               the
               Philosophers
               do
               of
               the
               Heavens
               ,
               that
               
                 Movendo
                 quiescunt
              
               .
               And
               whoever
               will
               be
               just
               to
               your
               Lordship
               ,
               must
               acknowledge
               that
               you
               have
               esteem'd
               your self
               most
               at
               your
               ease
               and
               rest
               ,
               while
               in
               the
               high
               Orb
               Fate
               hath
               placed
               you
               in
               ,
               you
               have
               been
               most
               active
               and
               busie
               in
               blessing
               the
               World
               with
               your
               i●fluences
               .
               Your
               Lordship
               need
               not
               be
               directed
               
               to
               that
               Moral
               remark
               ,
               that
               your
               private
               good
               is
               included
               in
               the
               publick
               ,
               
                 Tanquam
                 Trigonum
                 in
                 Tetragono
              
               .
               And
               as
               in
               Nature
               we
               see
               that
               all
               bodies
               do
               by
               their
               own
               proper
               Center
               tend
               to
               the
               Center
               of
               the
               Universe
               ,
               so
               they
               that
               know
               your
               Lordship
               ,
               know
               it
               is
               natural
               to
               you
               by
               your
               tendency
               to
               your
               own
               Welfare
               and
               Happiness
               to
               endeavour
               to
               promote
               the
               bliss
               of
               your
               Countrey
               in
               all
               the
               wayes
               you
               can
               .
            
             
               Your
               Lordship
               is
               no
               stranger
               to
               what
               the
               Roman
               Poet
               saith
               of
               Caesar
               ,
               
                 
                   —
                   media
                   inter
                   praelia
                   Caesar
                   ,
                
                 
                   Astrorum
                   Coelique
                   plagis
                   ,
                   superisque
                   vacabat
                   .
                
              
            
             
               And
               therefore
               if
               his
               great
               mind
               could
               in
               the
               heat
               of
               Battel
               find
               leisure
               to
               employ
               it self
               about
               the
               imaginary
               Circles
               in
               the
               Heavens
               ,
               and
               which
               only
               salve
               the
               appearances
               ,
               I
               believe
               if
               presently
               after
               you
               had
               charged
               in
               a
               Battel
               ,
               I
               had
               hinted
               to
               you
               some
               of
               the
               great
               matters
               before
               mentioned
               ,
               that
               are
               as
               real
               as
               th●se
               three
               great
               Foundations
               of
               real
               Learning
               can
               make
               any
               thing
               ,
               I
               mean
               ,
               number
               ,
               weight
               ,
               
               and
               local
               motion
               ,
               and
               matters
               on
               which
               the
               
                 Salus
                 Populi
              
               doth
               absolutely
               depend
               ,
               your
               Lordship
               would
               have
               given
               me
               the
               hearing
               .
               And
               having
               said
               this
               ,
               I
               shall
               not
               doubt
               but
               that
               now
               you
               are
               by
               Providence
               brought
               to
               support
               the
               Crown
               and
               your
               Countrey
               ,
               by
               the
               great
               Figure
               you
               make
               in
               the
               Council
               and
               Parliament
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               peaceable
               administration
               of
               the
               Civil
               Government
               ,
               your
               Lordship
               will
               therein
               be
               as
               vigilant
               for
               the
               publick
               as
               ever
               you
               were
               in
               War.
               
            
             
               Nor
               to
               a
               Soul
               so
               refined
               as
               your
               Lordships
               could
               any
               War
               but
               what
               is
               in
               order
               to
               Peace
               seem
               eligible
               ;
               and
               when
               in
               the
               Case
               of
               any
               degenerate
               stupid
               Members
               of
               Mankind
               ,
               who
               are
               deaf
               to
               all
               Reasons
               for
               their
               being
               happy
               ,
               or
               suffering
               others
               to
               be
               so
               ,
               you
               are
               call'd
               to
               awaken
               the
               World
               out
               of
               its
               Lethargy
               with
               the
               sound
               of
               Drums
               and
               Trumpets
               .
               But
               it
               is
               an
               easier
               and
               gentler
               way
               of
               awakening
               any
               of
               our
               Magistrates
               ,
               whom
               you
               may
               judge
               to
               be
               sometimes
               drousie
               in
               the
               Administration
               of
               those
               great
               trusts
               reposed
               in
               them
               by
               the
               Government
               ,
               that
               I
               here
               most
               humbly
               offer
               to
               your
               Lordships
               thoughts
               ,
               and
               particularly
               as
               to
               the
               publick
               concern
               
               in
               the
               Con●ervacy
               of
               the
               publick
               Rivers
               ,
               and
               the
               Care
               of
               which
               in
               this
               growth
               of
               the
               populousness
               of
               our
               Countrey
               ,
               and
               overgrowth
               of
               the
               abuses
               done
               to
               those
               Rivers
               ,
               may
               well
               call
               for
               the
               Supervisorship
               of
               some
               particular
               Person
               or
               Persons
               ,
               who
               either
               being
               Commission'd
               for
               their
               Conservacy
               under
               the
               Crown
               ,
               or
               the
               Commissioners
               of
               the
               Admiralty
               may
               really
               Conserve
               them
               .
            
             
               Nor
               need
               the
               Vice-admirals
               Commissions
               on
               this
               occasion
               be
               alter'd
               .
               Let
               them
               be
               nominal
               Conservators
               still
               ,
               and
               real
               ones
               too
               as
               far
               as
               they
               please
               .
               Nor
               need
               any
               the
               least
               deduction
               be
               made
               from
               ,
               or
               intrenchment
               on
               any
               Fees
               taken
               by
               the
               Lord
               Mayor's
               deputy
               Water-bayly
               or
               Sub-Conservators
               for
               the
               River
               of
               Thames
               ,
               as
               I
               find
               him
               styled
               in
               that
               Book
               of
               Howel
               ,
               where
               he
               p.
               35.
               treating
               of
               the
               
                 State
                 of
                 the
                 Lord
                 Mayor
              
               ,
               saith
               ,
               
                 He
                 hath
                 a
                 Sword-bearer
                 ,
                 Common-hunt
                 ,
                 and
                 Common
                 Cryer
                 ,
                 and
                 four
                 Water-Bayliffs
                 ,
                 Esquires
                 by
                 their
                 Places
              
               ;
               whether
               he
               there
               makes
               three
               too
               many
               ,
               I
               know
               not
               ,
               I
               have
               formerly
               heard
               of
               one
               too
               many
               .
               But
               thô
               neither
               Mayor
               nor
               Admiral
               can
               erect
               a
               New
               Court
               of
               Justice
               
               without
               an
               Act
               of
               Parliament
               ,
               or
               
                 Letters
                 Patents
              
               from
               the
               Crown
               ,
               yet
               common
               reason
               tells
               us
               they
               may
               make
               as
               many
               Sub-Conservators
               or
               Deputies
               for
               the
               Ministerial
               work
               in
               the
               Conservacy
               of
               the
               River
               as
               they
               please
               .
               And
               if
               any
               one
               publick
               spirited
               Man
               were
               either
               by
               the
               Crown
               or
               Admiral
               entrusted
               with
               the
               Conservacy
               of
               the
               other
               Royal
               Rivers
               ,
               he
               might
               for
               each
               of
               them
               employ
               what
               hands
               he
               pleas'd
               .
               
                 Quod
                 quis
                 per
                 alium
                 facit
                 per
                 se
                 facere
                 videtur
                 .
              
            
             
               According
               to
               the
               vigilance
               and
               prudence
               of
               the
               former
               Commissioners
               of
               Admiralty
               ,
               in
               effecting
               the
               before
               mention'd
               Survey
               of
               the
               Encroachments
               on
               the
               River
               of
               Thames
               ,
               and
               likewise
               the
               Draught
               of
               the
               River
               by
               
                 Captain
                 Collins
              
               ,
               the
               like
               Surveys
               and
               Draughts
               of
               all
               the
               other
               publick
               Rivers
               beneath
               the
               
                 first
                 Bridges
              
               ,
               may
               in
               a
               Years
               time
               or
               thereabout
               be
               prepared
               ,
               the
               which
               draughts
               of
               the
               respective
               Rivers
               being
               fairly
               set
               out
               in
               Frames
               ,
               may
               usefully
               be
               hung
               up
               as
               Ornaments
               in
               a
               Gallery
               in
               the
               House
               of
               such
               general
               Conservator
               for
               the
               time
               being
               ,
               and
               be
               left
               to
               his
               Successors
               to
               have
               the
               Custody
               
               of
               .
               And
               to
               such
               Draughts
               recourse
               may
               easily
               be
               had
               by
               any
               of
               their
               Majesties
               Ministers
               of
               State
               ,
               or
               Officers
               in
               the
               
                 Admiralty
                 Court
              
               or
               Navy
               ,
               or
               by
               the
               
                 Trinity
                 house
              
               ,
               upon
               occasion
               .
               Such
               Surveys
               and
               Draughts
               being
               skilfully
               and
               accurately
               prepared
               ,
               and
               some
               Elbows
               of
               Wharfs
               and
               Jettys
               being
               taken
               away
               ,
               whereby
               the
               sides
               of
               the
               Rivers
               may
               as
               much
               as
               is
               needful
               come
               toward
               the
               shape
               of
               a
               right
               Line
               ,
               the
               Course
               of
               the
               Rivers
               themselves
               will
               begin
               to
               Cure
               them
               of
               their
               Sullage
               ;
               and
               such
               Eddys
               as
               caus'd
               the
               Water
               to
               settle
               with
               the
               mud
               formerly
               be
               prevented
               :
               And
               these
               Draughts
               of
               the
               Rivers
               serving
               as
               the
               Standards
               by
               which
               all
               future
               Enlargements
               or
               Diminutions
               of
               Wharfs
               or
               Banks
               may
               be
               guided
               ,
               will
               make
               it
               appear
               as
               absurd
               for
               Encroachers
               to
               break
               in
               upon
               them
               thus
               reform'd
               and
               regulated
               ,
               as
               it
               doth
               to
               Clippers
               to
               incroach
               on
               our
               curious
               new
               Mill'd
               Moneys
               and
               the
               Letters
               about
               their
               Edges
               ,
               and
               as
               absurd
               for
               any
               to
               begg
               Patents
               from
               the
               Crown
               to
               take
               in
               the
               Lines
               of
               our
               publick
               Rivers
               ,
               as
               the
               Letters
               of
               our
               Coyn.
               
            
             
             
               And
               thus
               after
               a
               little
               diligence
               and
               resolution
               employ'd
               in
               the
               first
               setling
               of
               this
               work
               ,
               the
               constant
               Conservacy
               of
               all
               our
               Royal
               Rivers
               ,
               would
               be
               comparatively
               easie
               ,
               the
               populace
               seeing
               that
               the
               Government
               was
               in
               earnest
               in
               the
               thing
               ,
               and
               as
               it
               appear'd
               to
               be
               in
               the
               Conjuncture
               before
               mention'd
               ,
               when
               the
               Magistracy
               did
               rouze
               it self
               for
               the
               preservatio●
               of
               the
               River
               of
               Tyne
               .
            
             
               Who
               would
               have
               thought
               that
               after
               the
               Survey
               of
               the
               Encroachments
               on
               the
               River
               of
               Thames
               ,
               and
               the
               Draught
               of
               that
               River
               by
               
                 Captain
                 Collins
              
               ,
               they
               should
               be
               no
               more
               minded
               than
               if
               such
               a
               Survey
               had
               been
               made
               of
               the
               Annoyances
               of
               the
               Rhine
               or
               Texel
               ?
            
             
               
                 Would
                 any
                 one
                 think
                 that
                 after
                 the
                 vast
                 pains
                 taken
                 by
                 the
              
               Trinity-House
               
                 in
                 going
                 down
                 the
                 River
                 to
                 perfect
                 its
                 Survey
                 so
                 many
                 times
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 extremity
                 of
                 Winter-weather
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 being
              
               Veteran
               
                 Seamen
                 ,
                 thereby
                 contracting
                 dangerous
                 Colds
                 ,
                 Coughs
                 and
                 Catarrhs
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Government
                 required
                 the
              
               Survey
               
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 with
                 all
                 expedition
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 that
                 excellent
              
               Seaman
               and
               Hydrographer
               ,
               Captain
               Collins
               ,
               
                 had
                 in
                 order
                 
                 to
                 the
                 making
                 his
              
               Draught
               
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 exact
                 ,
                 made
                 so
                 many
                 weary
                 steps
                 in
                 the
                 mud
                 of
                 the
                 shore
                 ,
                 yet
                 many
                 Summers
                 after
                 Summers
                 should
                 pass
                 without
                 any
                 thing
                 brought
                 to
                 effect
                 for
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 abatement
                 of
                 one
                 Causway
                 or
                 other
              
               Nusance
               ,
               
                 and
                 both
              
               Survey
               and
               Draught
               
                 be
                 no
                 more
                 regarded
                 than
                 an
                 old
              
               Almanack
               
                 calculated
                 for
                 the
              
               Meridian
               of
               Paris
               or
               Madrid
               ?
               
                 Nay
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 more
                 ,
                 can
                 it
                 be
                 imagin'd
                 that
                 Captain
              
               Collins
               ,
               
                 a
                 Person
                 of
                 great
                 integrity
                 ,
                 should
                 relate
                 it
                 to
                 another
                 such
                 Person
                 ,
              
               That
               he
               within
               this
               Year
               or
               thereabouts
               ,
               going
               to
               see
               the
               sides
               of
               the
               River
               formerly
               survey'd
               ,
               and
               to
               find
               what
               effects
               the
               Survey
               and
               his
               Draught
               had
               there
               produced
               ,
               that
               he
               there
               found
               Stone-wharfs
               built
               into
               the
               Thames
               for
               three
               or
               four
               hundred
               Foot
               in
               length
               ,
               and
               from
               ten
               to
               thirty
               Foot
               in
               breadth
               ;
               and
               that
               he
               found
               a
               great
               many
               other
               smaller
               Encroachments
               on
               both
               sides
               of
               the
               Water
               ,
               and
               several
               new
               Causeways
               ,
               which
               in
               time
               would
               raise
               the
               Mud
               equal
               to
               the
               superficies
               of
               the
               Causways
               ;
               and
               that
               he
               acquainting
               the
               City-Officer
               entrusted
               with
               the
               Care
               of
               the
               Concerns
               of
               the
               
               River
               therewith
               ,
               had
               from
               him
               instead
               of
               thanks
               a
               ruffianly
               Answer
               ?
               
                 yet
                 these
                 very
                 words
                 of
                 the
              
               Captains
               
                 speaking
                 were
              
               Noted
               
                 down
                 from
                 his
                 Mouth
                 by
                 the
                 Person
                 to
                 whom
                 he
                 spake
                 them
                 .
                 Thus
                 is
                 the
              
               Case
               
                 of
                 the
                 Rivers
              
               Survey
               and
               Abatements
               
                 of
                 its
                 Nusances
                 ,
                 like
                 that
                 in
                 the
              
               Epigrammatist
               ,
               
                 
                   Eutrapelus
                   tonsor
                   dum
                   Circuit
                   ora
                   Luperci
                
                 
                   Arraditque
                   genas
                   ,
                   altera
                   barba
                   subit
                   .
                
              
            
             
               His
               dilatory
               Shaving
               occasion'd
               a
               New
               Beards
               forth
               coming
               .
            
             
               But
               that
               the
               Watermen
               may
               have
               no
               cause
               to
               complain
               that
               they
               cannot
               Land
               nor
               take
               in
               their
               Fare
               ,
               if
               they
               may
               not
               have
               that
               use
               of
               the
               Causways
               that
               the
               Survey
               mentions
               as
               prejudicial
               ,
               I
               shall
               here
               say
               ,
               that
               both
               their
               Fare
               and
               they
               may
               be
               accomodated
               as
               well
               below
               Bridge
               as
               above
               ,
               by
               the
               Vse
               of
               a
               Truck
               or
               
                 Board
                 with
                 Wheels
              
               at
               the
               end
               next
               the
               Water
               ,
               to
               move
               too
               and
               fro
               as
               the
               Tide
               comes
               in
               or
               goes
               out
               ,
               which
               may
               answer
               their
               purpose
               .
            
             
               And
               if
               those
               to
               whose
               Care
               the
               Conservacies
               of
               the
               Rivers
               are
               entrusted
               as
               
               Depositories
               ,
               may
               happen
               to
               tell
               your
               Lordship
               that
               they
               are
               not
               at
               leisure
               to
               mind
               the
               vigorous
               discharge
               of
               this
               trust
               ,
               a
               Reply
               may
               be
               had
               from
               the
               trite
               passage
               of
               King
               
               Philip's
               telling
               a
               Complaining
               Woman
               that
               he
               had
               no
               leisure
               to
               do
               her
               Justice
               ,
               and
               on
               which
               occasion
               she
               said
               ,
               that
               then
               
                 he
                 should
                 have
                 no
                 leisure
                 to
                 be
                 King.
              
               Most
               certainly
               he
               who
               receives
               a
               Depositum
               ,
               obligeth
               himself
               to
               be
               at
               leisure
               to
               preserve
               it
               :
               And
               I
               never
               knew
               any
               Iudge
               but
               who
               would
               find
               leisure
               to
               ampliate
               and
               enlarge
               his
               Iurisdiction
               ,
               especially
               when
               he
               saw
               any
               Men
               find
               leisure
               to
               try
               to
               diminish
               it
               .
            
             
               There
               was
               one
               thing
               that
               seem'd
               to
               be
               of
               some
               moment
               for
               the
               discouraging
               any
               one
               from
               a
               belief
               of
               the
               likelyhood
               of
               any
               of
               the
               Encroachments
               on
               the
               Royal
               Rivers
               being
               shortly
               removed
               ,
               or
               of
               the
               event
               of
               any
               Person
               of
               Honour
               or
               Quality's
               being
               likely
               to
               undertake
               to
               serve
               his
               Countrey
               therein
               ;
               namely
               ,
               the
               want
               of
               any
               Fonds
               to
               support
               the
               Charge
               of
               such
               Office.
               But
               as
               to
               which
               ,
               it
               is
               obvious
               to
               consider
               that
               the
               Law
               is
               open
               to
               compel
               Encroachers
               to
               be
               at
               the
               Charge
               of
               abating
               their
               own
               Encroachments
               ,
               if
               able
               to
               
               do
               it
               ,
               and
               wherein
               such
               especially
               who
               after
               the
               Survey
               made
               Encroachments
               on
               the
               Thames
               ,
               will
               deserve
               little
               Favour
               .
            
             
               And
               in
               the
               Case
               of
               Insolvents
               ,
               the
               Encroachments
               of
               solvent
               Persons
               that
               shall
               by
               the
               Conservators
               be
               permitted
               to
               continue
               ,
               as
               consistent
               with
               the
               safety
               of
               the
               Rivers
               ,
               may
               easily
               be
               made
               to
               bear
               that
               charge
               .
            
             
               
                 I
                 remember
                 a
                 Person
                 employ'd
                 by
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 late
                 Kings
              
               Ministers
               
                 to
                 discourse
                 Sir
              
               Robert
               Jefferys
               ,
               when
               Lord
               Mayor
               ,
               
                 about
                 this
                 Matter
                 ,
                 acquainted
                 me
                 that
                 Sir
              
               Robert
               
                 then
                 moved
                 it
                 to
                 the
              
               Court
               of
               Aldermen
               ,
               That
               a
               Committee
               thereof
               might
               be
               appointed
               to
               meet
               at
               his
               House
               with
               that
               Person
               ,
               
                 and
                 he
                 there
                 offering
                 it
                 to
                 their
                 Coasideration
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 sense
                 of
                 those
              
               Ministers
               ,
               that
               Commissioners
               should
               be
               appointed
               by
               his
               Majesty
               to
               make
               moderate
               Compositions
               with
               the
               Owners
               of
               such
               Encroachments
               as
               were
               not
               very
               prejudicial
               to
               the
               River
               ,
               and
               were
               to
               be
               continued
               ,
               and
               the
               Charge
               of
               the
               demolishing
               the
               prejudicial
               ones
               might
               be
               defray'd
               out
               of
               such
               Composition
               ,
               and
               
               that
               he
               desired
               to
               know
               whether
               they
               had
               any
               thing
               to
               object
               against
               it
               .
               The
               Lord
               Mayor
               
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Committee
              
               unanimously
               
                 declared
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 very
                 well
              
               pleas'd
               
                 with
                 the
              
               Proposition
               ,
               
                 and
                 did
              
               thankfully
               
                 embrace
                 it
              
               .
            
             
               And
               no
               doubt
               but
               if
               the
               like
               way
               of
               Compositions
               were
               order'd
               for
               such
               Encroachments
               as
               are
               to
               continue
               in
               the
               Royal
               Rivers
               in
               the
               Countrey
               ,
               the
               charge
               of
               the
               demolishing
               some
               there
               ,
               and
               of
               the
               regulation
               of
               those
               Rivers
               ,
               might
               not
               only
               be
               thence
               
               defray'd
               ,
               but
               a
               considerable
               summe
               of
               Money
               might
               be
               thence
               brought
               in
               to
               support
               the
               Charge
               of
               the
               Government
               ,
               and
               that
               without
               any
               gainsaying
               or
               reluctance
               from
               the
               People
               ,
               provided
               that
               they
               might
               be
               deliver'd
               from
               the
               vexatious
               Prosecutions
               of
               the
               many
               Patents
               to
               private
               Persons
               for
               such
               Encroachments
               ;
               to
               whom
               they
               have
               been
               in
               a
               manner
               forced
               to
               give
               Money
               to
               redeem
               their
               Vexation
               ,
               rather
               than
               out
               of
               hopes
               that
               they
               could
               buy
               a
               good
               Title
               for
               the
               continuance
               of
               their
               Nusances
               .
               And
               certainly
               the
               Condition
               of
               the
               French
               Subjects
               being
               so
               ill
               on
               the
               account
               
               of
               their
               being
               forced
               to
               buy
               
                 Salt
                 '
              
               any
               Mens
               being
               harrass'd
               into
               the
               buying
               such
               ins●pid
               things
               (
               or
               as
               I
               may
               rather
               say
               noxious
               )
               as
               Nusances
               ,
               is
               a
               more
               
                 compassionable
                 Case
              
               .
               This
               is
               humbly
               offer'd
               to
               the
               Consideration
               of
               the
               
                 Lords
                 Commissioners
              
               of
               the
               Admiralty
               ,
               in
               order
               to
               their
               offering
               it
               to
               the
               Considerations
               of
               their
               Majesties
               ,
               or
               of
               the
               
                 House
                 of
                 Commons
              
               ,
               (
               who
               are
               the
               grand
               Inquest
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               )
               or
               of
               the
               House
               of
               Lords
               ,
               as
               they
               shall
               see
               occasion
               .
               And
               perhaps
               if
               by
               their
               Application
               ,
               a
               Clause
               may
               be
               inserted
               in
               some
               new
               Act
               of
               Parliament
               ,
               for
               the
               continuance
               of
               Peoples
               Enchroachments
               that
               shall
               be
               compounded
               for
               by
               Commissioners
               in
               the
               respective
               Counties
               named
               in
               the
               Act
               ,
               or
               by
               their
               Majesties
               ,
               they
               being
               by
               the
               Legislative
               power
               secured
               in
               their
               Titles
               to
               such
               Encroachments
               ,
               will
               no
               doubt
               be
               chearfully
               ready
               to
               pay
               near
               the
               full
               Value
               thereof
               .
            
             
               The
               common
               Observation
               ,
               that
               
                 Prerogative
                 in
                 the
                 Hand
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 is
                 a
                 Scepter
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 Hand
                 of
                 the
                 Subject
                 a
                 Rod
                 of
                 Iron
                 ,
              
               is
               apparently
               applicable
               to
               the
               Case
               of
               the
               Jubile
               
               such
               People
               will
               have
               ,
               when
               freed
               from
               the
               Vexations
               by
               Colour
               of
               Law
               given
               them
               by
               the
               Proling
               litigious
               Instruments
               employ'd
               under
               such
               Patents
               ,
               who
               are
               usually
               the
               
                 Faex
                 Populi
              
               ,
               and
               may
               well
               bring
               to
               our
               minds
               the
               saying
               of
               
                 Solomon
                 ,
                 A
                 poor
                 Man
                 that
                 oppresseth
                 the
                 poor
                 ,
                 is
                 like
                 a
                 sweeping
                 Rain
                 which
                 leaveth
                 no
                 Food
                 .
              
            
             
               I
               have
               been
               inform'd
               from
               Mr.
               
                 L.
                 J.
              
               a
               worthy
               Bencher
               of
               the
               Temple
               ,
               that
               the
               poor
               People
               were
               so
               miserably
               harras'd
               by
               the
               Agents
               employ'd
               in
               the
               Lady
               S
               —
               ll's
               Patent
               for
               derelict
               Lands
               ,
               about
               twenty
               Years
               since
               ,
               that
               the
               Court
               of
               Exchequer
               ,
               burden'd
               with
               Complaints
               about
               it
               ,
               Order'd
               ,
               that
               
                 no
                 Process
                 of
                 the
                 Court
                 should
                 be
                 further
                 issued
                 out
                 ●pon
                 it
                 .
              
            
             
               I
               do
               studiously
               avoid
               the
               naming
               of
               other
               Patents
               or
               the
               Patentees
               ,
               or
               any
               of
               their
               Instruments
               or
               Agents
               ,
               and
               do
               not
               desire
               to
               give
               our
               Admirals
               any
               trouble
               with
               reflections
               on
               such
               ,
               however
               yet
               in
               the
               course
               of
               my
               little
               reading
               in
               Parliament-Records
               ,
               I
               find
               that
               many
               Persons
               have
               been
               censured
               in
               Parliament
               for
               
                 taking
                 out
                 and
                 procuring
                 illegal
                 and
                 vexatious
                 Letters
                 Patents
                 from
                 the
                 Crown
                 .
              
               The
               Case
               of
               Sir
               
                 Francis
                 Mitchel
              
               
               for
               his
               pro●uring
               a
               Patent
               of
               
                 forfeited
                 Recognizances
              
               before
               Conviction
               ,
               is
               fresh
               in
               Memory
               .
            
             
               Nor
               shall
               I
               here
               mention
               the
               Names
               of
               those
               Patentees
               particularly
               ,
               who
               gave
               multitudes
               of
               the
               Seamen
               so
               much
               trouble
               at
               Law
               by
               their
               Patents
               for
               Encroachments
               ,
               while
               they
               knew
               there
               were
               
                 Prior
                 Patents
              
               in
               being
               for
               the
               same
               Encroachments
               ,
               and
               that
               therefore
               no
               Action
               was
               then
               maintainable
               by
               the
               latter
               Patentees
               ,
               and
               that
               they
               could
               have
               no
               design
               by
               bringing
               their
               innumerable
               Actions
               against
               the
               Seamen
               ,
               but
               to
               get
               Composition
               out
               of
               them
               .
            
             
               Nor
               shall
               I
               mention
               the
               Name
               of
               a
               Waterbailiff
               ,
               who
               was
               reflected
               on
               in
               Council
               in
               the
               two
               last
               Reigns
               ,
               for
               having
               the
               Encroachers
               on
               the
               Thames
               for
               his
               Tenants
               ,
               and
               whom
               a
               late
               
                 Lord
                 Mayor
              
               reproved
               very
               worthily
               on
               that
               account
               .
               Nor
               shall
               I
               name
               a
               later
               
                 Lord
                 Mayor
              
               ,
               who
               instead
               of
               being
               a
               Conservator
               of
               the
               River
               ,
               appear'd
               as
               a
               Patron
               of
               Encroachers
               ,
               by
               effecting
               it
               that
               a
               Ring-leader
               of
               the
               Encroachers
               should
               be
               fined
               only
               a
               Noble
               for
               an
               Encroachment
               ,
               that
               in
               the
               Survey
               of
               the
               Navy-Board
               and
               
               Trinity-house
               is
               particularly
               branded
               with
               its
               dimensions
               as
               prejudicial
               to
               the
               Thames
               ,
               and
               his
               being
               suffer'd
               to
               continue
               that
               Encroachment
               ;
               and
               the
               which
               Favour
               his
               Lordship
               was
               known
               to
               shew
               him
               at
               the
               request
               of
               a
               Person
               who
               was
               by
               Name
               reflected
               on
               in
               
                 The
                 City
                 Reasons
              
               before
               mention'd
               ,
               as
               an
               Encroacher
               of
               their
               
                 Conservacy
                 .
                 The
                 words
                 of
                 the
                 wise
                 are
                 heard
                 in
                 quietness
              
               ;
               and
               I
               therefore
               desire
               not
               to
               ruffle
               the
               Cares
               of
               any
               of
               our
               Magistrates
               ,
               from
               whom
               the
               redress
               of
               these
               evils
               may
               be
               hoped
               ,
               by
               the
               noise
               of
               the
               Names
               of
               Persons
               .
               I
               desire
               that
               they
               may
               please
               to
               look
               forward
               ,
               not
               backward
               ,
               and
               that
               at
               things
               rather
               than
               
                 Persons
                 ,
                 &
                 nequid
                 detrimenti
                 capiat
                 publicorum
                 fluminum
                 Conservatio
                 .
              
            
             
               And
               here
               it
               falls
               in
               my
               way
               to
               observe
               ,
               that
               supposing
               the
               Conservators
               should
               not
               think
               it
               necessary
               in
               hast
               to
               abate
               any
               Nusances
               ,
               or
               to
               effect
               the
               raising
               of
               any
               Revenue
               for
               the
               Crown
               ,
               or
               Fond
               for
               this
               Office
               on
               the
               Encroachments
               ,
               yet
               may
               the
               charge
               of
               the
               Office
               before
               mention'd
               be
               competently
               supported
               out
               of
               
                 Admiralty
                 Perquisites
              
               ,
               either
               as
               they
               are
               already
               vacant
               ,
               or
               as
               they
               shall
               be
               ;
               and
               
               such
               Perquisites
               as
               to
               common
               reason
               may
               seem
               most
               proper
               to
               be
               apply'd
               to
               a
               publick
               use
               ,
               and
               as
               I
               before
               mention'd
               how
               the
               Ballast
               was
               .
               The
               truth
               is
               ,
               considering
               how
               little
               the
               standing
               Fees
               of
               the
               Judge
               and
               other
               Officers
               of
               the
               High
               Court
               of
               Admiralty
               are
               proportion'd
               to
               the
               great
               pains
               by
               them
               taken
               ,
               and
               trust
               in
               them
               reposed
               ,
               and
               for
               how
               much
               a
               greater
               income
               than
               yet
               belongs
               to
               Trinity-house
               ,
               that
               is
               so
               useful
               a
               receptacle
               as
               to
               the
               Charities
               to
               be
               bestow'd
               on
               decay'd
               Seamen
               ,
               and
               their
               Widdows
               and
               Orphans
               ,
               and
               where
               they
               are
               to
               such
               with
               so
               much
               exact
               Care
               apply'd
               ,
               I
               have
               been
               much
               troubled
               when
               I
               have
               heard
               of
               Admiralty
               Perquisites
               bestow'd
               formerly
               on
               Courtiers
               and
               Voluptuaries
               ,
               by
               whom
               the
               Admiralty
               Office
               and
               Jurisdiction
               ,
               and
               the
               moral
               Offices
               incumbent
               on
               the
               same
               ,
               have
               not
               been
               promoted
               one
               jot
               .
            
             
               But
               since
               the
               Nature
               of
               things
               doth
               Call
               so
               loud
               for
               the
               speedy
               Settlement
               of
               this
               Office
               ,
               by
               which
               means
               only
               the
               Trust
               in
               the
               
               Admiral
               's
               Office
               can
               be
               discharged
               for
               the
               prevention
               of
               future
               Encroachments
               on
               the
               Royal
               Rivers
               ,
               and
               for
               that
               
                 frustra
                 differtur
                 remedium
                 quod
                 est
                 
                 unicum
                 ,
              
               it
               may
               be
               worthy
               the
               Care
               of
               those
               honourable
               Persons
               who
               administer
               that
               Office
               ,
               to
               see
               some
               support
               provided
               for
               that
               Office
               as
               soon
               as
               may
               be
               ,
               and
               to
               apply
               to
               the
               Crown
               or
               the
               Legislative
               Power
               ,
               as
               they
               shall
               find
               occasion
               ,
               for
               any
               thing
               to
               be
               done
               ,
               necessary
               to
               the
               settlement
               and
               support
               thereof
               .
            
             
               Both
               because
               the
               River
               of
               Thames
               is
               the
               most
               principal
               of
               the
               Royal
               Rivers
               ,
               and
               for
               that
               the
               Countrey
               is
               naturally
               in
               all
               things
               influenced
               by
               the
               Example
               of
               London
               ,
               the
               effectual
               Conservacy
               of
               its
               River
               may
               well
               seem
               to
               require
               the
               Priority
               of
               their
               Care.
               And
               here
               after
               the
               example
               of
               the
               Government
               ,
               that
               as
               was
               before
               mention'd
               provided
               A.
               1613.
               for
               the
               preservation
               of
               the
               River
               of
               Tyne
               ,
               that
               the
               Persons
               who
               were
               appointed
               to
               View
               that
               River
               ,
               should
               
                 every
                 Week
              
               make
               Oath
               of
               its
               State
               ,
               and
               the
               Abuses
               done
               to
               it
               ,
               perhaps
               it
               may
               appear
               necessary
               ,
               both
               to
               the
               Commissioners
               of
               the
               Admiralty
               and
               the
               
                 Lord
                 Mayor
              
               ,
               to
               apply
               to
               the
               Parliament
               that
               a
               New
               Form
               of
               Oaths
               may
               be
               enjoyn'd
               to
               all
               Persons
               ministerially
               concern'd
               in
               the
               Care
               of
               the
               River
               of
               Thames
               ,
               and
               the
               
               which
               kind
               of
               Oaths
               may
               likewise
               be
               enjoyn'd
               to
               Persons
               employ'd
               in
               the
               Conservacy
               of
               the
               Royal
               Rivers
               in
               the
               Countrey
               .
               This
               is
               here
               mention'd
               ,
               because
               't
               is
               conceiv'd
               ,
               that
               a
               
                 New
                 Oath
              
               cannot
               be
               imposed
               but
               by
               Authority
               of
               Parliament
               .
            
             
               I
               suppose
               the
               Lord
               Mayor's
               Deputy
               Water-Bailiff
               was
               never
               upon
               his
               Oath
               not
               to
               connive
               at
               Encroachments
               on
               the
               River
               :
               But
               the
               very
               
                 common
                 Fame
              
               about
               the
               
               Water-Bailiff's
               Tenants
               ,
               may
               make
               either
               a
               promissory
               Oath
               to
               that
               effect
               necessary
               in
               the
               beginning
               of
               every
               
               Mayor's
               Year
               ,
               or
               at
               the
               end
               of
               it
               an
               assertory
               one
               that
               he
               hath
               not
               done
               it
               .
            
             
               I
               know
               a
               Gentleman
               ,
               who
               charging
               a
               late
               Water-Bailiff
               with
               taking
               of
               Money
               from
               Encroachers
               ,
               was
               answer'd
               ,
               
                 That
                 he
                 did
                 no
                 such
                 thing
                 ,
                 but
                 would
                 not
                 deny
                 but
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 followers
                 might
                 do
                 so
                 .
              
               Good
               God!
               what
               unsafe
               anchoring
               do
               all
               our
               great
               Trusts
               in
               this
               World
               find
               ,
               while
               we
               trust
               our
               Bodies
               to
               Apothecaries
               Boyes
               ,
               our
               Estates
               to
               Lawyers
               Clarks
               or
               the
               Apprentices
               of
               Scriveners
               ,
               our
               Souls
               to
               poor
               Curates
               ,
               
               and
               our
               principal
               Royal
               River
               to
               a
               Water-baily's
               Followers
               !
            
             
               When
               I
               consider
               that
               mighty
               spirit
               of
               Industry
               that
               appear'd
               in
               France
               with
               success
               ,
               for
               joyning
               the
               two
               Seas
               ,
               a
               work
               that
               heretofore
               abash'd
               the
               Roman
               Empire
               ,
               and
               was
               attempted
               and
               given
               over
               in
               foregoing
               Reigns
               ,
               and
               yet
               notwithstanding
               the
               remoteness
               of
               the
               
                 two
                 Seas
              
               ,
               the
               Mountains
               ,
               the
               Boggy-Lands
               ,
               the
               scarcity
               of
               Water
               in
               a
               Countrey
               where
               there
               was
               hardly
               enough
               to
               supply
               the
               Gardens
               ,
               and
               many
               other
               difficulties
               ,
               that
               it
               was
               in
               a
               few
               Years
               brought
               to
               its
               perfection
               ,
               while
               the
               Crown
               there
               was
               in
               War
               against
               the
               most
               powerful
               States
               of
               Europe
               united
               together
               ,
               I
               shall
               wonder
               much
               if
               we
               have
               not
               a
               stock
               of
               Brains
               and
               Industry
               enough
               going
               to
               keep
               our
               River
               of
               Thames
               .
            
             
               What
               great
               Pains
               and
               Charge
               the
               work
               of
               meliorating
               that
               River
               cost
               our
               Ancestors
               ,
               the
               Chronicles
               tell
               us
               ,
               and
               how
               useful
               for
               the
               preservations
               of
               it
               the
               pains
               taken
               in
               a
               late
               Conjuncture
               ,
               (
               when
               the
               Cities
               Charter
               was
               in
               its
               low
               estate
               )
               by
               the
               former
               Commissioners
               
               of
               the
               Admiralty
               ,
               proved
               ,
               is
               obvious
               ;
               and
               therefore
               the
               Wisdom
               of
               our
               Ancestors
               in
               Complicating
               the
               Office
               of
               the
               Lord
               Admiral
               with
               the
               Lord
               Mayors
               in
               its
               Conservacy
               ,
               was
               very
               profound
               ;
               for
               the
               Admiral
               's
               Office
               being
               during
               pleasure
               ,
               we
               are
               sure
               that
               whoever
               have
               that
               Office
               ,
               are
               the
               actual
               Favourites
               of
               the
               Government
               ;
               and
               by
               being
               so
               ,
               they
               have
               with
               the
               better
               success
               signalized
               their
               diligence
               in
               the
               preserving
               that
               River
               .
            
             
               It
               must
               here
               in
               Iustice
               be
               acknowledged
               ,
               that
               the
               late
               King
               James
               ,
               while
               the
               Admiralty
               was
               in
               his
               Hands
               ,
               was
               not
               by
               all
               the
               Cares
               and
               Business
               incumbent
               on
               the
               Crown
               ,
               diverted
               from
               the
               Conservacy
               of
               the
               River
               .
               And
               if
               all
               the
               particulars
               of
               the
               vast
               pains
               taken
               by
               Mr.
               Pepys
               therein
               ,
               while
               he
               was
               Secretary
               of
               the
               Admiralty
               ,
               were
               enumerated
               ,
               they
               would
               fill
               a
               much
               larger
               Volume
               than
               what
               I
               here
               send
               your
               Lordship
               .
               His
               concerning
               himself
               so
               much
               and
               so
               often
               in
               the
               behalf
               of
               Petitioning
               Seamen
               who
               conceiv'd
               themselves
               injured
               by
               the
               Agents
               of
               Patentees
               requiring
               Money
               of
               them
               for
               their
               Ships
               lying
               on
               the
               Shoar
               ,
               and
               his
               Frank
               interceding
               with
               the
               King
               
               as
               Admiral
               for
               them
               ,
               and
               effecting
               their
               being
               speedily
               righted
               ,
               and
               that
               without
               any
               Fee
               of
               Office
               expected
               or
               paid
               ,
               are
               things
               fresh
               in
               the
               Memories
               of
               those
               who
               live
               by
               the
               
               Thames-side
               below
               Bridge
               .
            
             
               And
               the
               truth
               is
               ,
               to
               a
               Person
               so
               knowing
               in
               the
               Office
               of
               the
               Admiral
               ,
               it
               must
               needs
               be
               known
               ,
               that
               Seamen
               being
               more
               than
               other
               Subjects
               compell'd
               to
               serve
               the
               Crown
               in
               times
               of
               Peace
               and
               War
               ,
               and
               at
               the
               Crowns
               own
               Rates
               both
               at
               home
               and
               abroad
               ,
               are
               entituled
               to
               a
               more
               tender
               Protection
               from
               the
               Crown
               than
               other
               Subjects
               are
               :
               And
               that
               the
               Seamen
               being
               call'd
               to
               such
               Service
               by
               the
               
               Admiral
               's
               Warrant
               ,
               will
               in
               the
               Case
               of
               any
               general
               pressure
               happening
               to
               them
               wherein
               the
               King's
               Name
               is
               used
               ,
               expect
               that
               the
               Admiral
               shall
               apply
               to
               the
               Crown
               in
               their
               behalf
               ,
               as
               knowing
               that
               no
               Admiral
               ever
               refused
               or
               delay'd
               in
               such
               Case
               to
               take
               the
               trouble
               of
               patronizing
               them
               .
            
             
               
                 My
                 Lord
              
               ,
               I
               have
               now
               almost
               done
               troubling
               you
               for
               the
               present
               ;
               and
               yet
               according
               to
               a
               Jewish
               Proverb
               ,
               that
               
                 Molestus
                 
                 ubi
                 se
                 molestum
                 agnoscit
                 ,
                 no●
                 est
                 molestus
                 ,
              
               shall
               hope
               I
               have
               not
               done
               it
               at
               all
               .
               But
               I
               shall
               chiefly
               fortifie
               my
               hopes
               of
               my
               not
               having
               so
               done
               ,
               by
               the
               Consideration
               of
               its
               being
               no
               trouble
               to
               you
               ,
               but
               an
               Obligation
               for
               any
               One
               to
               furnish
               your
               great
               thoughts
               with
               any
               useful
               Materials
               for
               the
               promoting
               the
               service
               of
               your
               Prince
               and
               Countrey
               ,
               in
               such
               a
               critical
               season
               as
               this
               ,
               that
               calls
               so
               loud
               for
               that
               Old
               heathenish
               Virtue
               of
               the
               
                 Pietas
                 in
                 Patriam
              
               to
               awaken
               it self
               among
               English
               Christians
               .
            
             
               We
               may
               well
               believe
               our
               Chronicles
               ,
               that
               tell
               us
               of
               a
               Porter
               who
               slept
               fourteen
               dayes
               and
               nights
               together
               ,
               when
               we
               have
               seen
               so
               great
               a
               part
               of
               a
               whole
               Nation
               asleep
               four
               or
               five
               Years
               ,
               and
               much
               longer
               .
            
             
               The
               last
               Reign
               save
               one
               was
               a
               time
               wherein
               men
               made
               pleasure
               their
               business
               ,
               and
               when
               the
               Nation
               suffer'd
               more
               by
               Lethargy
               than
               the
               Plague
               .
               But
               as
               Nature
               doth
               now
               call
               upon
               us
               to
               make
               Business
               our
               Pleasure
               ,
               and
               to
               build
               Work-houses
               as
               well
               as
               Play-houses
               ,
               so
               it
               may
               be
               supposed
               that
               our
               World
               is
               as
               weary
               of
               sleeping
               as
               ever
               it
               was
               of
               waking
               ,
               and
               that
               Reasons
               for
               Mens
               
               being
               
                 publick
                 spirited
              
               and
               nobly
               active
               in
               all
               the
               publick
               Spheres
               in
               Magistracy
               to
               which
               they
               are
               call'd
               ,
               may
               be
               patiently
               heard
               ,
               and
               that
               it
               may
               seem
               a
               reasonable
               Request
               ,
               since
               we
               see
               in
               things
               natural
               ,
               some
               inanimate
               things
               to
               serve
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               Universe
               do
               sometimes
               forgo
               and
               quit
               their
               particular
               Nature
               (
               and
               as
               for
               example
               ,
               water
               to
               prevent
               a
               Vacuum
               which
               Nature
               abhorrs
               ,
               doth
               ascend
               ,
               )
               that
               Magistrates
               would
               go
               on
               in
               their
               own
               natural
               Course
               to
               what
               lyes
               in
               the
               plain
               way
               of
               their
               Duty
               ,
               and
               what
               is
               incumbent
               on
               them
               by
               moral
               Obligations
               .
               Faxit
               :
               And
               that
               he
               may
               neither
               be
               a
               shame
               to
               ,
               nor
               ashamed
               of
               his
               Countrey
               ,
               who
               hath
               the
               Honour
               of
               being
            
             
               
                 My
                 LORD
                 ,
              
               
                 Your
                 Lordships
                 most
                 Humble
                 and
                 most
                 Devoted
                 Servant
                 ,
                 
                   T.
                   H.
                
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
               ERRATA
            
             
               In
               the
               foregoing
               Letter
               to
               the
               Earl
               of
               Marlbourgh
               .
            
             
               PAge
               2.
               for
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               !
               read
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               .
               p.
               14.
               for
               Britannij
               r.
               
                 Britanni
                 .
                 ib.
              
               for
               Robora
               r.
               Robore
               .
               p.
               18.
               l.
               3.
               after
               the
               word
               Corporation
               close
               the
               Parenthesis
               .
               p.
               26.
               for
               Moral
               r.
               Morals
               .
               p.
               46.
               for
               raris
               r.
               Ranis
               .
               p.
               54.
               for
               Mr.
               
                 Ioseph
                 Coting
              
               r.
               Mr.
               
                 Ioseph
                 Colinge
              
               .
               p.
               59.
               for
               Hydrautica
               r.
               hydraulica
               .
               p.
               77.
               l.
               penult
               .
               instead
               of
               a
               Point
               of
               Interrogation
               make
               a
               Comma
               .
               p.
               87.
               for
               the
               Year
               1670.
               r.
               1630.
               p.
               97.
               for
               patriotly
               r.
               particular
               .
               p.
               98.
               for
               Thorna
               r.
               Thoma
               .
               p.
               105.
               l.
               18.
               for
               Sub-conservators
               r.
               Subconservator
               .
               p.
               110.
               l.
               3.
               for
               making
               r.
               speaking
               .
               p.
               110.
               l.
               ult
               .
               for
               are
               r.
               is
               .
               p.
               114.
               l.
               13.
               dele
               perhaps
               .
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
               THE
               New
               Invention
               OF
               MILL'D-LEAD
               ,
               FOR
               
                 Sheathing
                 of
                 Ships
              
               against
               the
               Worm
               ,
               better
               for
               Sailing
               ,
               and
               Cheaper
               above
               
                 Cent.
                 per
                 Cent.
              
               than
               the
               old
               way
               with
               Boards
               .
            
             
               As
               also
               For
               Bread-rooms
               ,
               Scuppers
               ,
               Furnaces
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               The
               Objections
               ,
               Answers
               ,
               Proofs
               and
               Proceedings
               ,
               between
               the
               Officers
               of
               the
               Navy
               and
               the
               Mill'd-Lead
               Company
               ,
               before
               the
               late
               Lords
               of
               the
               Admiralty
               and
               Council-Board
               ,
               submitted
               to
               Consideration
               .
            
             
               ALSO
               The
               said
               Mill'd-Lead
               from
               many
               Years
               Experience
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               the
               reason
               of
               the
               thing
               it self
               ,
               proved
               to
               be
               much
               better
               and
               cheaper
               ,
               for
               Covering
               of
               
                 Houses
                 ,
                 Gutters
                 ,
                 Pipes
                 ,
                 Furnaces
                 for
                 Dyers
                 ,
                 Copperas-works
                 ,
                 Lining
              
               of
               Cisterns
               ,
               and
               other
               
                 Vessels
                 for
                 Brewers
                 ,
                 Dairies
              
               ,
               and
               all
               purposes
               whatsoever
               ,
               where
               Sheet-Lead
               is
               used
               ,
               than
               Cast-Lead
               can
               be
               ,
               and
               the
               Plumbers
               suggestions
               decrying
               the
               same
               ,
               proved
               to
               be
               idle
               ,
               scandalous
               and
               false
               .
            
             
               LONDON
               ,
               Printed
               in
               the
               Year
               1691.
               
            
          
           
             
             
             
               A
               TABLE
               OF
               The
               Principal
               Matters
               in
               the
               following
               Discourse
               of
               the
               New
               Invention
               of
               MILL'D-LEAD
               .
            
             
               
                 THe
                 substance
                 of
                 the
                 Navy-Officers
                 Report
                 to
                 the
                 Lords
                 of
                 the
                 Admiralty
                 ,
                 
                 October
                 28.
                 1682.
                 giving
                 their
                 Opinion
                 against
                 any
                 further
                 use
                 of
                 Lead-sheathing
                 ,
                 p.
                 1.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Companies
                 Reply
                 thereto
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 their
                 whole
                 Interest
                 and
                 Right
                 in
                 this
                 Affair
                 ,
                 entirely
                 submitted
                 by
                 them
                 to
                 his
                 Majesty
                 and
                 their
                 Lordships
                 ,
                 p.
                 2.
                 
              
               
                 An
                 Accompt
                 of
                 the
                 Company
                 's
                 first
                 becoming
                 Masters
                 of
                 this
                 Invention
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 submitting
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Censure
                 of
                 his
                 Majesty
                 in
                 Parliament
                 ,
                 
                   Anno
                   1670.
                   p.
                
                 3.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Parliaments
                 strict
                 Inquisition
                 into
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 ample
                 Approval
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Invention
                 ,
                 in
                 an
                 Act
                 passed
                 in
                 favour
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 .
                 p.
                 4.
                 
              
               
                 
                 The
                 first
                 Essay
                 made
                 thereof
                 by
                 the
                 Company
                 upon
                 the
                 Phoenix
                 ,
                 in
                 March
                 ,
                 1670
                 /
                 1.
                 and
                 successively
                 on
                 other
                 of
                 his
                 Majesties
                 Ships
                 ,
                 p.
                 6.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 studyed
                 Obstructions
                 nevertheless
                 raised
                 and
                 long
                 continued
                 against
                 it
                 ,
                 from
                 Persons
                 interested
                 in
                 the
                 opposing
                 it
                 ,
                 p.
                 6.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 final
                 removal
                 of
                 those
                 Obstructions
                 by
                 the
                 express
                 Order
                 of
                 his
                 Majesty
                 and
                 the
                 Lords
                 of
                 the
                 Admiralty
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1673.
                 upon
                 three
                 Years
                 proof
                 of
                 the
                 efficacy
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Invention
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 King
                 's
                 personal
                 Observation
                 of
                 its
                 success
                 upon
                 the
                 
                   Phoenix
                   ,
                   p.
                
                 7.
                 
              
               
                 
                 The
                 Navy-Officers
                 contracting
                 with
                 this
                 Company
                 for
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 this
                 their
                 Invention
                 ,
                 (
                 after
                 five
                 Years
                 tryal
                 of
                 it
                 )
                 in
                 March
                 ,
                 1675
                 /
                 6.
                 in
                 terms
                 expresly
                 declaring
                 their
                 sufficient
                 experience
                 thereof
                 ,
                 both
                 as
                 to
                 Lead
                 and
                 Nails
                 ,
                 p.
                 8.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 first
                 breaking
                 forth
                 (
                 after
                 this
                 five
                 Years
                 proof
                 )
                 of
                 a
                 Complaint
                 from
                 the
                 Streights
                 of
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 decay
                 discovered
                 in
                 Ships
                 Rudder-Irons
                 ,
                 from
                 their
                 being
                 sheathed
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 p.
                 9.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 care
                 of
                 his
                 Majesty
                 and
                 the
                 Lords
                 of
                 the
                 Admiralty
                 by
                 their
                 several
                 Orders
                 
                 to
                 the
                 Navy-Officers
                 for
                 the
                 finding
                 out
                 the
                 true
                 grounds
                 of
                 that
                 Complaint
                 ,
                 and
                 improving
                 (
                 in
                 Order
                 thereto
                 )
                 a
                 Suggestion
                 and
                 Proposal
                 of
                 this
                 Company
                 's
                 ,
                 touching
                 their
                 Iron-work
                 ,
                 p.
                 10.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 particular
                 Instances
                 of
                 Complaints
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 Navy-Officers
                 do
                 found
                 this
                 their
                 Iudgment
                 against
                 Lead-sheathing
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Companies
                 solutions
                 thereto
                 ,
                 and
                 observation
                 of
                 a
                 greater
                 number
                 of
                 Ships
                 resting
                 uncomplained
                 of
                 ,
                 than
                 those
                 they
                 have
                 instanced
                 in
                 ,
                 were
                 their
                 Complaints
                 true
                 ,
                 p.
                 11.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Companies
                 Remarks
                 upon
                 the
                 Philosophical
                 reasoning
                 
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Officers
                 upon
                 the
                 Lead
                 it self
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Mettal
                 ,
                 p.
                 17.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Companies
                 Opinion
                 and
                 Argument
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 sheathing
                 Ships
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 neither
                 is
                 ,
                 nor
                 can
                 be
                 the
                 true
                 Cause
                 of
                 this
                 decay
                 of
                 Iron-work
                 ,
                 p.
                 19.
                 
              
               
                 Their
                 Iudgment
                 and
                 Reasons
                 ,
                 what
                 alone
                 this
                 Mischief
                 ought
                 rightly
                 to
                 be
                 imputed
                 to
                 ,
                 p.
                 23.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 only
                 certain
                 and
                 effectual
                 Expedient
                 of
                 arriving
                 at
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 truth
                 in
                 this
                 matter
                 .
                 p.
                 32.
                 
              
               
                 Instances
                 of
                 the
                 Discouragements
                 and
                 Obstructions
                 
                 wherewith
                 this
                 Company
                 has
                 ever
                 hitherto
                 been
                 prevented
                 by
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 ,
                 in
                 their
                 Endeavours
                 of
                 serving
                 his
                 Majesty
                 herein
                 ,
                 p.
                 34.
                 
              
               
                 Their
                 fresh
                 Offer
                 nevertheless
                 of
                 the
                 proposing
                 of
                 an
                 effectual
                 Remedy
                 to
                 the
                 Evil
                 complained
                 of
                 ,
                 after
                 premising
                 the
                 three
                 following
                 Reflections
                 ,
                 
                   viz.
                   p.
                
                 36.
                 
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 That
                 Sheathing
                 with
                 Wood
                 (
                 the
                 only
                 security
                 before
                 this
                 of
                 Lead
                 ,
                 for
                 sheathing
                 Ships
                 against
                 the
                 Worm
                 )
                 is
                 ,
                 and
                 has
                 always
                 been
                 owned
                 to
                 be
                 attended
                 with
                 circumstances
                 greatly
                 detrimental
                 
                 to
                 his
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 with
                 respect
                 both
                 to
                 his
                 Ships
                 and
                 to
                 his
                 Service
                 ,
                 p.
                 36.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 That
                 the
                 only
                 Expedient
                 besides
                 this
                 of
                 Lead
                 ,
                 for
                 obviating
                 those
                 Evils
                 in
                 Wood-sheathing
                 ,
                 has
                 hitherto
                 been
                 the
                 exposing
                 his
                 Majesty's
                 Ships
                 to
                 the
                 Worm
                 unsheathed
                 ,
                 p.
                 39.
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 That
                 the
                 only
                 third
                 Method
                 yet
                 extant
                 of
                 serving
                 his
                 Majesty
                 herein
                 ,
                 is
                 this
                 of
                 Lead
                 sheathing
                 ;
                 against
                 which
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 Evils
                 in
                 the
                 former
                 two
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 other
                 are
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 suggested
                 by
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 themselves
                 ,
                 after
                 near
                 twelve
                 Years
                 experience
                 
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 saving
                 this
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 Iron-work
                 ,
                 p.
                 40.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Company
                 's
                 final
                 Proposal
                 of
                 an
                 obvious
                 ,
                 easie
                 and
                 chargeless
                 Remedy
                 to
                 the
                 said
                 Evil
                 ,
                 to
                 whichsoever
                 of
                 the
                 supposed
                 Causes
                 the
                 same
                 should
                 be
                 found
                 imputable
                 ,
                 p.
                 41.
                 
              
               
                 A
                 particular
                 of
                 the
                 Navy-Officers
                 Complaints
                 ,
                 with
                 reference
                 to
                 the
                 Company
                 's
                 particular
                 Answers
                 thereto
                 in
                 the
                 Reply
                 ,
                 p.
                 45.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Navy-Officers
                 Report
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Companys
                 Reply
                 ,
                 laid
                 before
                 the
                 King
                 and
                 Council
                 by
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Lords
                 of
                 the
                 Admiralty
                 ,
                 p.
                 50.
                 
              
               
                 
                 The
                 Council-Boards
                 Order
                 upon
                 hearing
                 ,
                 referring
                 it
                 back
                 to
                 the
                 Commissioners
                 of
                 the
                 Admiralty
                 ,
                 throughly
                 to
                 examine
                 the
                 Matter
                 ,
                 and
                 Report
                 the
                 Fact
                 upon
                 each
                 Article
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 p.
                 51.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Company
                 's
                 Memorial
                 presented
                 to
                 the
                 Commissioners
                 of
                 the
                 Admiralty
                 upon
                 the
                 Council-Boards
                 Reference
                 ,
                 p.
                 54.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 determination
                 of
                 the
                 Admiralty
                 Commission
                 before
                 any
                 Report
                 ,
                 p.
                 58.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Company
                 's
                 New
                 Proposal
                 to
                 the
                 Navy-Board
                 ,
                 20
                 Decemb
                 .
                 1686.
                 to
                 sheath
                 the
                 Kings
                 Ships
                 per
                 Yard
                 square
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 keep
                 them
                 in
                 constant
                 
                 repair
                 at
                 a
                 rate
                 certain
                 ,
                 above
                 
                   Cent.
                   per
                   Cent.
                
                 cheaper
                 than
                 the
                 present
                 Charge
                 ,
                 p.
                 60.
                 
              
               
                 Letters
                 and
                 Certificates
                 from
                 Master-Builders
                 ,
                 Carpenters
                 ,
                 &c.
                 in
                 behalf
                 of
                 the
                 Lead-sheathing
                 ,
                 p.
                 72.
                 
              
               
                 Pursers
                 Certificates
                 how
                 the
                 Sheathing
                 Lead
                 proved
                 in
                 the
                 lyning
                 their
                 Bread-rooms
                 ,
                 p.
                 82.
                 
              
               
                 A
                 Brief
                 of
                 the
                 Controversie
                 between
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 and
                 the
                 Mill'd-Lead
                 Company
                 ,
                 p.
                 86.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Excellency
                 and
                 Cheapness
                 of
                 Mill'd-Lead
                 for
                 Covering
                 of
                 Houses
                 ,
                 
                   &c.
                   p.
                
                 92.
                 
              
               
                 
                 An
                 Advertisement
                 lately
                 printed
                 and
                 published
                 ,
                 to
                 all
                 that
                 have
                 Occasion
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 Sheet-lead
                 ,
                 abundantly
                 proving
                 Mill'd
                 Sheet-Lead
                 to
                 be
                 much
                 cheaper
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 better
                 than
                 Cast
                 Sheet-lead
                 ,
                 for
                 any
                 use
                 whatsoever
                 ,
                 p.
                 93.
                 
              
               
                 A
                 Paper
                 presented
                 by
                 the
                 Plumbers
                 ,
                 to
                 prevent
                 the
                 Company
                 's
                 Contract
                 with
                 the
                 Navy-Board
                 ,
                 wonderfully
                 decrying
                 the
                 Mill'd-Lead
                 ,
                 and
                 commending
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 naming
                 half
                 a
                 score
                 Houses
                 that
                 they
                 say
                 were
                 amongst
                 many
                 others
                 covered
                 with
                 Mill'd-lead
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 defective
                 ,
                 were
                 strip'd
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Cast-lead
                 laid
                 in
                 the
                 room
                 ,
                 p.
                 102.
                 
              
               
                 
                 Letters
                 and
                 Certificates
                 from
                 the
                 Owners
                 or
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 those
                 Houses
                 ,
                 proving
                 the
                 Plumbers
                 said
                 Paper
                 to
                 be
                 scandalous
                 and
                 false
                 ,
                 p.
                 105.
                 
              
               
                 Also
                 their
                 idle
                 suggestion
                 therein
                 about
                 their
                 Solder
                 answered
                 ,
                 p.
                 113.
                 
              
               
                 A
                 Memorial
                 given
                 in
                 to
                 the
                 Navy-Board
                 by
                 the
                 Mill'd-Lead
                 Company
                 ,
                 proving
                 that
                 by
                 two
                 Tryals
                 purposely
                 made
                 with
                 the
                 Plumber
                 in
                 Jan.
                 and
                 Febr.
                 1678
                 /
                 9.
                 the
                 Mill'd-Lead
                 Scuppers
                 were
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Order
                 given
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Plumber
                 could
                 not
                 obey
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 25
                 
                   l.
                   per
                   Cent.
                
                 in
                 both
                 those
                 Tryals
                 cheaper
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 than
                 theirs
                 ,
                 p.
                 114.
                 
              
               
                 
                 A
                 Treatise
                 of
                 Naval
                 Philosophy
                 ,
                 written
                 by
                 the
                 ingenious
                 Sir
                 
                   William
                   Petty
                   ,
                   p.
                
                 117.
                 
              
               
                 A
                 Survey
                 of
                 the
                 Buildings
                 and
                 Encroachments
                 on
                 the
                 River
                 of
                 Thames
                 ,
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 from
                 London-Bridge
                 Eastwards
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 lower
                 end
                 of
                 Lyme-house
                 ,
                 taken
                 by
                 ●he
                 principal
                 Officers
                 and
                 Commissioners
                 of
                 his
                 Majesty's
                 Navy
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Elder
                 Brethren
                 of
                 Trinity-House
                 ,
                 in
                 pursuance
                 of
                 an
                 Order
                 of
                 the
                 Lords
                 Commissioners
                 for
                 executing
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 
                   Lord
                   High
                   Admiral
                
                 of
                 England
                 ,
                 Dated
                 the
                 first
                 of
                 March
                 ,
                 1683
                 /
                 4.
                 
                 Wherein
                 is
                 also
                 particularly
                 expressed
                 which
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Buildings
                 and
                 Encroachments
                 are
                 old
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 are
                 new
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 which
                 of
                 them
                 are
                 judged
                 
                 most
                 prejudicial
                 to
                 Navigation
                 and
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 References
                 to
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 by
                 Numbers
                 in
                 the
                 Draught
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 lately
                 made
                 by
                 Captain
                 Collins
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
             
               To
               the
               Right
               Honourable
               ,
               The
               LORDS
               COMMISSONERS
               For
               executing
               the
               Office
               of
               Lord
               High
               Admiral
               of
               England
               .
            
             
               The
               humble
               Reply
               of
               Sir
               Philip
               Howard
               ,
               Sir
               Francis
               Watson
               ,
               K
               t
               s
               .
               and
               Comp.
               interested
               in
               the
               Manufacture
               and
               Invention
               of
               Milled-Lead
               ,
               
               to
               the
               late
               Report
               to
               your
               Lordships
               from
               the
               Officers
               of
               the
               Navy
               ,
               touching
               the
               Method
               of
               Lead-sheathing
               ,
               used
               upon
               his
               Majesties
               Ships
               :
               Wherein
               they
               shew
               to
               your
               Lordships
               ,
            
             
               THat
               from
               every
               Ship
               of
               his
               Majesties
               that
               has
               been
               so
               sheathed
               ,
               they
               have
               had
               complaints
               of
               the
               extraordinary
               Eating
               and
               Corroding
               of
               their
               Rudder-Irons
               and
               Bolts
               ,
               beyond
               whatever
               was
               found
               upon
               any
               Ship
               not
               so
               sheathed
               ,
               and
               annexed
               a
               Transcript
               of
               several
               Complaints
               by
               them
               received
               from
               several
               Commanders
               and
               others
               to
               that
               effect
               :
               And
               that
               therefore
               upon
               due
               
               sideration
               had
               thereof
               ,
               and
               of
               the
               many
               Experiences
               had
               of
               the
               great
               damages
               arising
               from
               this
               sort
               of
               Sheathing
               ;
               They
               give
               it
               as
               their
               Opinion
               ,
               that
               it
               will
               not
               be
               for
               his
               Majesties
               Service
               ,
               that
               the
               same
               be
               longer
               used
               upon
               his
               Ships
               :
               but
               that
               the
               Ships
               so
               Sheathed
               ,
               may
               have
               their
               sheathing
               stripped
               off
               ,
               and
               new
               Iron-work
               supplied
               where
               defective
               ,
               as
               well
               to
               prevent
               any
               further
               damage
               from
               the
               longer
               Continuance
               of
               the
               said
               Sheahing
               upon
               them
               ,
               as
               that
               they
               may
               be
               in
               a
               condition
               of
               service
               whenever
               on
               a
               sudden
               occasion
               ,
               the
               same
               may
               be
               called
               for
               .
            
             
               
                 To
                 which
                 Report
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Matters
                 of
                 Complaint
                 wheron
                 the
                 same
                 is
                 grounded
                 ,
                 importing
                 a
                 vehement
                 suggestion
                 of
                 ruine
                 likely
                 to
                 attend
                 the
                 Ships
                 and
                 Service
                 of
                 his
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 in
                 Case
                 this
                 Method
                 of
                 Lead-sheathing
                 should
                 be
                 continued
                 :
                 The
                 said
                 Sir
                 Ph.
                 Howard
                 and
                 Compa.
                 do
                 make
                 this
                 plain
                 Return
                 ,
                 viz.
                 
              
            
             
               THat
               as
               their
               first
               interesting
               themselves
               in
               this
               undertaking
               ,
               was
               wholly
               founded
               upon
               the
               hopes
               they
               had
               of
               being
               enabled
               to
               contribute
               somewhat
               thereby
               to
               the
               Service
               of
               the
               Royal
               Navy
               ,
               and
               those
               hopes
               confirmed
               by
               as
               ample
               Instances
               of
               Publick
               approbation
               as
               were
               ever
               given
               to
               any
               precedent
               Invention
               ;
               so
               do
               they
               still
               give
               his
               Majesties
               
               Service
               the
               same
               entire
               preference
               to
               all
               considerations
               of
               private
               advantage
               that
               either
               has
               or
               can
               arise
               to
               them
               from
               the
               same
               undertaking
               ;
               And
               therefore
               are
               not
               only
               contented
               ,
               but
               desirous
               ,
               that
               in
               case
               your
               Lordships
               shall
               (
               after
               perusal
               of
               this
               Paper
               )
               hold
               the
               reasonableness
               of
               the
               said
               Officers
               Advice
               ,
               for
               suppressing
               the
               further
               use
               of
               Lead-Sheathing
               ,
               sufficiently
               demonstrated
               by
               what
               they
               have
               offered
               as
               the
               grounds
               thereof
               in
               that
               collection
               of
               Complaints
               :
               No
               Considerations
               relating
               to
               the
               Interest
               or
               Right
               of
               this
               Company
               ,
               may
               stand
               in
               the
               way
               of
               whatever
               his
               Majesty
               and
               your
               Lordships
               shall
               think
               most
               for
               his
               Service
               to
               determine
               concerning
               it
               .
            
             
               
                 A
                 Deduction
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Matter
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 Lead-sheathing
                 of
                 his
                 Majesty's
                 Ships
                 ,
                 with
                 what
                 this
                 Company
                 do
                 in
                 their
                 Duty
                 hold
                 themselves
                 bound
                 on
                 this
                 Occasion
                 to
                 offer
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Reflections
                 and
                 Sentiments
                 thereon
                 .
              
               
                 IT
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1670.
                 when
                 this
                 Company
                 becoming
                 Masters
                 of
                 this
                 Invention
                 of
                 Milled-Lead
                 ,
                 they
                 soon
                 met
                 with
                 Encouragement
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 from
                 sundry
                 Officers
                 and
                 Builders
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 ,
                 but
                 from
                 his
                 Majesty
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Royal
                 Highness
                 then
                 Lord
                 High
                 Admiral
                 of
                 England
                 ,
                 to
                 an
                 immediate
                 exposing
                 the
                 same
                 to
                 practice
                 .
              
               
               
                 But
                 such
                 was
                 their
                 backwardness
                 to
                 presume
                 upon
                 falling
                 into
                 the
                 exercise
                 of
                 an
                 Invention
                 ,
                 (
                 though
                 never
                 so
                 self-convinced
                 of
                 its
                 Efficacy
                 and
                 Safety
                 )
                 whose
                 first
                 Experiments
                 ,
                 and
                 future
                 use
                 ,
                 were
                 principally
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 upon
                 a
                 Subject
                 of
                 so
                 high
                 consideration
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Royal
                 Navy
                 of
                 England
                 ,
                 without
                 passing
                 the
                 most
                 strict
                 and
                 solemn
                 probation
                 a
                 matter
                 of
                 that
                 kind
                 could
                 ,
                 and
                 ought
                 to
                 have
                 in
                 a
                 Government
                 like
                 this
                 subsisting
                 by
                 Navigation
                 ,
                 namely
                 ,
                 That
                 of
                 his
                 Majesty
                 's
                 in
                 Parliament
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Year
                 brought
                 this
                 their
                 Invention
                 into
                 the
                 Parliament
                 then
                 sitting
                 :
                 Where
                 ,
                 after
                 all
                 the
                 severities
                 of
                 Scrutiny
                 capable
                 of
                 being
                 exercised
                 in
                 each
                 of
                 the
                 Houses
                 successively
                 ,
                 and
                 publick
                 Conferences
                 had
                 with
                 all
                 Persons
                 qualified
                 for
                 giving
                 Advice
                 therein
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 attended
                 not
                 only
                 with
                 the
                 prejudice
                 all
                 new
                 Propositions
                 ordinarily
                 meet
                 with
                 ,
                 but
                 from
                 opposition
                 of
                 the
                 Persons
                 interested
                 in
                 the
                 preservation
                 of
                 the
                 old
                 ones
                 ,
                 (
                 whereof
                 more
                 hereafter
                 ,
                 )
                 it
                 not
                 only
                 received
                 full
                 Approbation
                 by
                 being
                 passed
                 then
                 into
                 an
                 Act
                 ,
                 but
                 had
                 the
                 same
                 done
                 in
                 Terms
                 the
                 most
                 expressive
                 of
                 the
                 Conviction
                 and
                 Satisfaction
                 wherewith
                 his
                 Majesty
                 and
                 Parliament
                 passed
                 the
                 said
                 Act
                 with
                 regard
                 both
                 to
                 the
                 Invention
                 and
                 Inventors
                 ;
                 as
                 by
                 part
                 thereof
                 following
                 appears
                 ,
                 viz.
                 
              
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                         An
                         Act
                         for
                         granting
                         unto
                         Sir
                         Philip
                         Howard
                         ,
                         Knight
                         ,
                         and
                         Francis
                         Watson
                         Esquire
                         ,
                         the
                         sole
                         use
                         of
                         a
                         Manufacture
                         ,
                         Art
                         ,
                         or
                         Invention
                         for
                         the
                         benefit
                         of
                         Shipping
                         .
                      
                       
                         WHereas
                         it
                         appears
                         upon
                         Examination
                         that
                         Sir
                         
                           Philip
                           Howard
                        
                         ,
                         Knight
                         ,
                         and
                         
                           Francis
                           Watson
                        
                         ,
                         Esquire
                         ,
                         by
                         their
                         great
                         Charge
                         and
                         Industry
                         have
                         found
                         out
                         a
                         New
                         Manufacture
                         ,
                         Art
                         ,
                         or
                         Invention
                         to
                         preserve
                         Ships
                         ,
                         and
                         other
                         Uessels
                         under
                         Water
                         ,
                         with
                         certain
                         Commodities
                         chiefly
                         of
                         the
                         growth
                         of
                         his
                         Majesties
                         Dominons
                         ,
                         which
                         is
                         much
                         cheaper
                         ,
                         and
                         more
                         smooth
                         ,
                         and
                         dureable
                         than
                         any
                         way
                         by
                         Deals
                         for
                         Sheathing
                         ,
                         or
                         Pitch
                         ,
                         Tarr
                         ,
                         Rozin
                         ,
                         Brimstone
                         ,
                         or
                         any
                         Graving
                         hitherto
                         used
                         :
                         Now
                         for
                         the
                         Encouragement
                         of
                         Ingenuity
                         and
                         Industry
                         in
                         the
                         like
                         cases
                         ;
                         and
                         to
                         the
                         intent
                         that
                         the
                         said
                         Sir
                         
                           Philip
                           Howard
                        
                         ,
                         and
                         
                           Francis
                           Watson
                        
                         ,
                         may
                         be
                         protected
                         in
                         the
                         use
                         of
                         the
                         said
                         Manufacture
                         ,
                         Art
                         ,
                         or
                         Invention
                         ,
                         and
                         have
                         encouragement
                         to
                         make
                         the
                         same
                         publick
                         ,
                         for
                         the
                         benefit
                         of
                         his
                         Majesties
                         Dominions
                         in
                         general
                         ,
                         &c.
                         
                      
                    
                  
                
              
               
                 This
                 being
                 done
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 said
                 Company
                 not
                 only
                 invited
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 his
                 Majesty
                 commanded
                 to
                 apply
                 themselves
                 forthwith
                 to
                 the
                 putting
                 in
                 use
                 this
                 Invention
                 upon
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Ships
                 ,
                 they
                 by
                 his
                 Order
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 Terms
                 
                 adjusted
                 with
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 ,
                 proceeded
                 to
                 the
                 making
                 the
                 first
                 Experiment
                 thereof
                 at
                 Portsmouth
                 upon
                 the
                 Phoenix
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 month
                 of
                 March
                 ,
                 1670
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 did
                 the
                 like
                 upon
                 several
                 others
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 these
                 following
                 were
                 part
                 ,
                 viz.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Dreadnought
                   .
                
                 
                   Henrietta
                   .
                
                 
                   Mary
                   .
                
                 
                   Lyon.
                   
                
                 
                   Bristol
                   .
                
                 
                   Foresight
                   .
                
                 
                   Vulture
                   .
                
                 
                   Rose
                   .
                
                 
                   Hunter
                   .
                
                 
                   Harwich
                   .
                   &c.
                   
                
              
               
                 But
                 your
                 Lordships
                 may
                 be
                 pleased
                 here
                 to
                 be
                 informed
                 ,
                 That
                 (
                 however
                 upon
                 the
                 stamp
                 given
                 it
                 by
                 Parliament
                 )
                 this
                 Company
                 were
                 so
                 let
                 in
                 by
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 to
                 the
                 exercise
                 of
                 their
                 said
                 Invention
                 ;
                 yet
                 was
                 it
                 not
                 without
                 fresh
                 assaults
                 from
                 some
                 who
                 were
                 interested
                 in
                 the
                 benefit
                 arising
                 from
                 the
                 labour
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Materials
                 employed
                 in
                 the
                 bringing
                 on
                 ,
                 and
                 stripping
                 off
                 the
                 Wood-sheathing
                 ,
                 in
                 whose
                 place
                 this
                 was
                 to
                 succeed
                 :
                 And
                 by
                 their
                 Arts
                 and
                 Industry
                 ,
                 were
                 Sir
                 
                   Philip
                   Howard
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Company
                 in
                 a
                 restless
                 manner
                 urged
                 to
                 give
                 Answers
                 (
                 all
                 over
                 again
                 )
                 to
                 the
                 Objections
                 formerly
                 raised
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Invention
                 in
                 Parliament
                 ,
                 namely
                 ,
                 
                   Its
                   excess
                   in
                   charge
                   above
                   the
                   ancient
                   method
                   ,
                   its
                   rough
                   lying
                   on
                   Ships
                   sides
                   to
                   the
                   prejudice
                   of
                   their
                   Sailing
                   .
                   It
                   s
                   liableness
                   to
                   galling
                   from
                   the
                   Cables
                   ,
                   and
                   cracking
                   when
                   brought
                   on
                   ground
                   .
                   It
                   s
                   tediousness
                   in
                   bringing
                   on
                   and
                   off
                   .
                   Aptness
                   to
                   foul
                   ,
                   and
                   difficult
                   in
                   cleansing
                   .
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   Its
                   
                   undurableness
                   and
                   doubtful
                   efficacy
                   in
                   what
                   was
                   chiefly
                   expected
                   from
                   it
                   against
                   the
                   Worm
                   .
                
              
               
                 But
                 so
                 convincing
                 were
                 the
                 Solutions
                 brought
                 (
                 as
                 before
                 )
                 to
                 every
                 particular
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 so
                 confirmed
                 by
                 a
                 three
                 years
                 proof
                 by
                 this
                 time
                 made
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 especially
                 by
                 a
                 Personal
                 view
                 had
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Phoenix
                 ,
                 then
                 come
                 in
                 and
                 Careened
                 at
                 Sheerness
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1673.
                 after
                 two
                 Voyages
                 to
                 the
                 Streights
                 :
                 That
                 his
                 Majesty
                 to
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 unreasonable
                 importunities
                 till
                 then
                 continued
                 upon
                 himself
                 and
                 them
                 on
                 this
                 Subject
                 ,
                 was
                 pleased
                 by
                 his
                 then
                 Commissioners
                 of
                 the
                 Admiralty
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 final
                 Declaration
                 of
                 his
                 Opinion
                 and
                 Pleasure
                 concerning
                 it
                 ,
                 in
                 an
                 Order
                 from
                 those
                 Lords
                 to
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 ,
                 bearing
                 date
                 the
                 20
                 th
                 .
                 of
                 December
                 1673.
                 as
                 followeth
                 ,
                 viz.
                 
              
               
                 
                   
                     AFter
                     our
                     hearty
                     commendations
                     ,
                     in
                     pursuance
                     of
                     His
                     Majesties
                     Pleasure
                     signified
                     to
                     us
                     by
                     himself
                     at
                     this
                     Board
                     ;
                     that
                     in
                     regard
                     of
                     the
                     many
                     and
                     good
                     proofs
                     which
                     had
                     been
                     given
                     of
                     the
                     usefulness
                     of
                     Sir
                     
                       Philip
                       Howard
                    
                     ,
                     and
                     Major
                     
                     Watson's
                     Invention
                     of
                     Sheathing
                     his
                     Majesties
                     Ships
                     with
                     Lead
                     ,
                     in
                     preference
                     to
                     the
                     doing
                     of
                     it
                     with
                     the
                     materials
                     ,
                     and
                     in
                     the
                     manner
                     anciently
                     used
                     ,
                     (
                     with
                     respect
                     had
                     no
                     less
                     to
                     the
                     charge
                     thereof
                     ,
                     than
                     the
                     effectual
                     securing
                     the
                     Hulls
                     of
                     his
                     Majesties
                     Ships
                     against
                     the
                     Worm
                     )
                     his
                     Majesties
                     Ships
                     may
                     for
                     the
                     time
                     to
                     come
                     be
                     Sheathed
                     in
                     no
                     other
                     manner
                     than
                     that
                     of
                     Lead
                     ,
                     without
                     especial
                     Order
                     given
                     for
                     the
                     same
                     from
                     this
                     Board
                     :
                     These
                     are
                     to
                     Authorize
                     you
                     to
                     cause
                     this
                     his
                     Majesties
                     
                     Pleasure
                     herein
                     to
                     be
                     duly
                     complyed
                     with
                     .
                     And
                     so
                     we
                     remain
                     ,
                  
                   
                     
                       Your
                       Loving
                       Friends
                       ,
                       
                         
                           Anglesey
                           .
                        
                         
                           Ormond
                           .
                        
                         
                           G.
                           Carteret
                           .
                        
                      
                    
                  
                
              
               
                 Notwithstanding
                 which
                 ,
                 such
                 was
                 the
                 Reluctancy
                 (
                 or
                 Caution
                 )
                 wherewith
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 did
                 yet
                 think
                 fit
                 to
                 proceed
                 in
                 the
                 adventuring
                 to
                 give
                 any
                 Encouragement
                 to
                 this
                 Invention
                 ,
                 That
                 not
                 adjudging
                 a
                 three
                 Years
                 proof
                 available
                 in
                 this
                 Case
                 ,
                 they
                 thought
                 expedient
                 to
                 take
                 two
                 Years
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 what
                 Observations
                 they
                 could
                 either
                 make
                 or
                 collect
                 from
                 the
                 several
                 Lead-sheathed
                 Ships
                 employed
                 on
                 Southern
                 Service
                 within
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 enable
                 themselves
                 without
                 mistake
                 to
                 determine
                 concerning
                 the
                 execution
                 of
                 his
                 Majesties
                 said
                 Order
                 ;
                 which
                 indeed
                 (
                 after
                 the
                 five
                 Years
                 end
                 )
                 they
                 did
                 comply
                 with
                 ,
                 by
                 entering
                 into
                 a
                 solemn
                 Contract
                 with
                 Sir
                 
                   Philip
                   Howard
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Company
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 sheathing
                 his
                 Majesties
                 Ships
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 with
                 such
                 alacrity
                 and
                 fulness
                 of
                 seeming
                 Conviction
                 concerning
                 it's
                 advantageousness
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 that
                 (
                 besides
                 their
                 voluntary
                 exchanging
                 
                   many
                   and
                   good
                   proofs
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 the
                 terms
                 of
                 his
                 Majesties
                 said
                 Order
                 ,
                 into
                 
                   sufficient
                   proof
                   and
                   Experience
                   of
                   the
                   Goodness
                   and
                   Usefulness
                   of
                   the
                   Invention
                   of
                   Milled-Lead
                   ,
                   and
                   Nails
                   for
                   the
                   Sheathing
                   and
                   preserving
                   Ships
                   
                   against
                   the
                   Worm
                
                 )
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 permit
                 the
                 said
                 Company
                 to
                 reserve
                 to
                 themselves
                 any
                 part
                 ,
                 but
                 would
                 secure
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 in
                 the
                 said
                 Contract
                 a
                 Title
                 to
                 the
                 whole
                 term
                 then
                 remaining
                 of
                 the
                 time
                 for
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 by
                 the
                 Act
                 of
                 Parliament
                 invested
                 in
                 the
                 sole
                 benefit
                 of
                 their
                 Invention
                 ,
                 and
                 whereof
                 there
                 was
                 then
                 twenty
                 years
                 yet
                 to
                 come
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 stood
                 this
                 Matter
                 at
                 the
                 close
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 1675.
                 when
                 it
                 might
                 reasonably
                 have
                 been
                 thought
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 had
                 come
                 to
                 such
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 deliberate
                 a
                 settlement
                 ,
                 as
                 no
                 new
                 scruples
                 could
                 have
                 been
                 raised
                 about
                 it
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 Officers
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 occasion
                 of
                 fresh
                 disquiet
                 created
                 to
                 this
                 Company
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 so
                 it
                 was
                 ordered
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 lest
                 fell
                 out
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 sooner
                 were
                 all
                 things
                 thus
                 seemingly
                 satisfied
                 ,
                 and
                 established
                 at
                 home
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 new
                 Cry
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 a
                 quite
                 new
                 kind
                 ,
                 breaks
                 out
                 from
                 abroad
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 quality
                 discovered
                 in
                 our
                 Lead-sheathing
                 ,
                 tending
                 (
                 if
                 not
                 timely
                 prevented
                 )
                 to
                 the
                 utter
                 Destruction
                 of
                 his
                 Majesties
                 Ships
                 ,
                 namely
                 ,
                 That
                 of
                 the
                 Eating
                 into
                 ,
                 and
                 wasting
                 their
                 Rudder-Irons
                 and
                 Bolts
                 under
                 water
                 ,
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 degree
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 so
                 short
                 a
                 space
                 of
                 time
                 ,
                 as
                 had
                 never
                 been
                 observed
                 upon
                 any
                 unsheathed
                 or
                 Wood-sheathed
                 Ships
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 lay
                 this
                 long
                 unseconded
                 by
                 concurrent
                 Advices
                 from
                 Portsmouth
                 ,
                 in
                 reference
                 to
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 sheathed
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 in
                 that
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Accompts
                 thereof
                 circumstanced
                 with
                 such
                 particularities
                 as
                 seemed
                 to
                 obtain
                 Credit
                 not
                 only
                 with
                 the
                 Navy
                 Officers
                 ,
                 but
                 his
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Lords
                 of
                 the
                 Admiralty
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 this
                 Company
                 too
                 ,
                 
                 at
                 least
                 so
                 far
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 excite
                 in
                 all
                 a
                 desire
                 of
                 Enquiry
                 into
                 the
                 true
                 grounds
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 order
                 to
                 which
                 (
                 leaving
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Navy
                 Officers
                 to
                 give
                 your
                 Lordships
                 an
                 Accompt
                 of
                 theirs
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 shall
                 (
                 by
                 and
                 by
                 )
                 of
                 our
                 own
                 Endeavours
                 therein
                 )
                 it
                 pleased
                 his
                 Malesty
                 ,
                 and
                 my
                 Lords
                 of
                 the
                 Admiralty
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 by
                 several
                 Orders
                 to
                 recommend
                 to
                 the
                 said
                 Officers
                 the
                 general
                 matter
                 of
                 this
                 Enquiry
                 ,
                 but
                 (
                 upon
                 a
                 suggestion
                 made
                 to
                 them
                 by
                 this
                 Company
                 ,
                 of
                 their
                 apprehending
                 this
                 evil
                 to
                 arise
                 from
                 some
                 defectiveness
                 in
                 the
                 Iron-work
                 it self
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 tender
                 of
                 their
                 service
                 ,
                 towards
                 finding
                 out
                 the
                 full
                 truth
                 thereof
                 )
                 to
                 direct
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 by
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 four
                 several
                 Orders
                 within
                 the
                 Months
                 of
                 April
                 and
                 May
                 ,
                 1678.
                 to
                 receive
                 from
                 the
                 said
                 Company
                 what
                 Rudder-Irons
                 should
                 be
                 so
                 provided
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 employ
                 no
                 other
                 upon
                 any
                 Ships
                 to
                 be
                 thenceforward
                 sheathed
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 than
                 what
                 were
                 so
                 provided
                 ,
                 since
                 which
                 (
                 being
                 full
                 four
                 Years
                 and
                 an
                 half
                 )
                 this
                 Company
                 has
                 nevertheless
                 been
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 having
                 any
                 opportunities
                 given
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 said
                 Officers
                 of
                 doing
                 his
                 Majesty
                 the
                 service
                 by
                 these
                 Orders
                 expected
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 first
                 and
                 only
                 sight
                 or
                 knowledge
                 we
                 had
                 of
                 what
                 progress
                 they
                 in
                 all
                 that
                 time
                 made
                 towards
                 the
                 decision
                 of
                 this
                 matter
                 ,
                 is
                 what
                 your
                 Lordships
                 were
                 pleased
                 so
                 lately
                 to
                 surprize
                 us
                 with
                 in
                 this
                 their
                 Report
                 ;
                 wherein
                 the
                 whole
                 supposed
                 Consumption
                 of
                 the
                 Iron-work
                 of
                 his
                 Majesties
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 ruinous
                 Consequences
                 apprehended
                 therefrom
                 to
                 the
                 Navy
                 ,
                 are
                 expresly
                 laid
                 on
                 Lead-sheathing
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 only
                 ;
                 and
                 grounded
                 this
                 their
                 sentence
                 upon
                 
                 no
                 other
                 Inducements
                 (
                 for
                 ought
                 appears
                 )
                 than
                 the
                 particulars
                 of
                 Complaint
                 accompanying
                 the
                 said
                 Report
                 :
                 The
                 Truth
                 ,
                 Consistences
                 ,
                 and
                 Conclusiveness
                 of
                 which
                 Complaints
                 for
                 proving
                 the
                 chargeableness
                 of
                 this
                 evil
                 on
                 Lead-sheathing
                 ,
                 your
                 Lordships
                 will
                 (
                 we
                 doubt
                 not
                 )
                 see
                 through
                 ,
                 upon
                 a
                 bare
                 review
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Complaints
                 ,
                 joyned
                 with
                 this
                 their
                 Reasoning
                 therefrom
                 ,
                 as
                 follows
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 From
                 Sir
                 Iohn
                 Norbrough's
                 saying
                 ,
                 That
                 in
                 Iuly
                 1678
                 ,
                 the
                 
                 Plymouth's
                 Rudder-Irons
                 began
                 to
                 be
                 much
                 eaten
                 ,
                 doubting
                 his
                 being
                 forced
                 thereby
                 to
                 send
                 her
                 home
                 that
                 Winter
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 incapacity
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 ,
                 of
                 getting
                 her
                 recruited
                 abroad
                 ,
                 and
                 Sir
                 R.
                 B's
                 adding
                 in
                 September
                 1682.
                 that
                 had
                 she
                 not
                 been
                 supplyed
                 with
                 new
                 Rudder-Irons
                 before
                 her
                 coming
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Streights
                 ,
                 she
                 had
                 been
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 ill
                 condition
                 with
                 another
                 Ship
                 he
                 had
                 then
                 newly
                 spoken
                 of
                 ;
                 whereas
                 we
                 are
                 under
                 no
                 doubts
                 of
                 Sir
                 I.
                 Narbrough's
                 owning
                 to
                 your
                 Lordships
                 what
                 he
                 has
                 lately
                 done
                 to
                 some
                 of
                 us
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 had
                 no
                 supply
                 of
                 fresh
                 Rudder-Irons
                 abroad
                 ,
                 but
                 came
                 home
                 with
                 her
                 old
                 ones
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 (
                 it
                 seems
                 )
                 in
                 so
                 good
                 case
                 ,
                 that
                 Sir
                 
                   R.
                   B.
                
                 could
                 not
                 distinguish
                 them
                 from
                 Irons
                 of
                 a
                 new
                 supply
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 From
                 Sir
                 R.
                 B's
                 descripition
                 of
                 the
                 ill
                 condition
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Harwich's
                 Iron-works
                 discovered
                 at
                 her
                 cleaning
                 in
                 1682.
                 in
                 their
                 being
                 eaten
                 away
                 to
                 nothing
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 matter
                 of
                 wonder
                 that
                 she
                 sunk
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 Sea
                 ;
                 whereas
                 (
                 besides
                 her
                 said
                 Iron-works
                 having
                 been
                 fastened
                 
                 in
                 her
                 five
                 Years
                 and
                 an
                 half
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 Complaint
                 heard
                 of
                 concerning
                 them
                 all
                 her
                 Voyage
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 her
                 coming
                 home
                 in
                 Iuly
                 ,
                 1679.
                 
                 Sir
                 
                   R.
                   B.
                
                 must
                 be
                 thought
                 subject
                 to
                 some
                 mistake
                 ;
                 or
                 both
                 he
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Surveyor
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 made
                 accountable
                 for
                 a
                 breach
                 (
                 much
                 less
                 easily
                 answered
                 for
                 )
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 general
                 Laws
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Navy
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 particular
                 Instruction
                 therein
                 ,
                 by
                 suffering
                 a
                 Ship
                 of
                 her
                 Value
                 ,
                 and
                 coming
                 home
                 in
                 so
                 sinking
                 a
                 condition
                 ,
                 to
                 lye
                 afterwards
                 above
                 three
                 Years
                 in
                 Harbour
                 unsearched
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 From
                 Sir
                 
                   Iohn
                   Kempthornes
                
                 Complaint
                 in
                 Iune
                 1677.
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Dreadnought's
                 Rudder-Irons
                 being
                 within
                 a
                 Year
                 and
                 an
                 half
                 (
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 Harbour
                 )
                 so
                 eaten
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 fit
                 for
                 her
                 being
                 adventured
                 to
                 Sea
                 again
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 for
                 more
                 than
                 a
                 small
                 tripp
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 followed
                 by
                 a
                 later
                 ,
                 from
                 Sir
                 
                   R.
                   B.
                
                 in
                 October
                 1682.
                 wherein
                 (
                 after
                 her
                 having
                 been
                 abroad
                 )
                 he
                 makes
                 the
                 Condition
                 of
                 her
                 Iron-works
                 so
                 miserable
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 under
                 the
                 same
                 wonder
                 he
                 was
                 before
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 also
                 had
                 not
                 sunk
                 at
                 Sea
                 ;
                 whereas
                 it
                 appears
                 even
                 from
                 their
                 own
                 calculations
                 ,
                 that
                 her
                 first
                 set
                 of
                 Rudder-Irons
                 lasted
                 her
                 four
                 Years
                 and
                 an
                 half
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 were
                 it
                 a
                 common
                 standand
                 for
                 their
                 duration
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 to
                 be
                 renewed
                 ,
                 would
                 yet
                 leave
                 Lead-sheathing
                 greatly
                 cheaper
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 Wood
                 ,
                 )
                 and
                 her
                 second
                 (
                 for
                 ought
                 that
                 appears
                 of
                 any
                 supplies
                 )
                 six
                 Years
                 and
                 three
                 quarters
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 From
                 a
                 Certificate
                 of
                 the
                 Officers
                 in
                 Portsmouth-Yard
                 ,
                 in
                 October
                 1677.
                 declaring
                 the
                 Condition
                 
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Lyon's
                 Iron-works
                 under
                 water
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 such
                 as
                 they
                 never
                 saw
                 in
                 any
                 Ship
                 they
                 ever
                 had
                 to
                 do
                 with
                 ,
                 not
                 sheathed
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 though
                 droven
                 twice
                 as
                 long
                 :
                 Whereas
                 that
                 
                   Certificate
                   it self
                
                 does
                 not
                 only
                 expresly
                 confess
                 her
                 Bolts
                 having
                 been
                 all
                 in
                 her
                 five
                 Years
                 ;
                 but
                 will
                 here
                 furnish
                 your
                 Lordships
                 with
                 one
                 Instance
                 (
                 besides
                 the
                 many
                 you
                 may
                 hereafter
                 meet
                 with
                 )
                 of
                 what
                 this
                 Company
                 is
                 owing
                 for
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 sincerity
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 Thoughtfulness
                 of
                 its
                 Accusers
                 ,
                 if
                 your
                 Lordships
                 shall
                 please
                 to
                 have
                 their
                 last
                 Assertion
                 examined
                 by
                 the
                 Books
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 Officers
                 ,
                 with
                 whom
                 it
                 carries
                 so
                 much
                 weight
                 ,
                 this
                 Company
                 being
                 well
                 assured
                 ,
                 that
                 instead
                 of
                 no
                 Ship
                 ,
                 not
                 sheathed
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 being
                 ever
                 found
                 perished
                 in
                 their
                 Iron-work
                 under
                 water
                 in
                 twice
                 five
                 years
                 ,
                 variety
                 of
                 instances
                 will
                 be
                 met
                 with
                 ,
                 within
                 much
                 a
                 shorter
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 From
                 Sir
                 Iohn
                 Narbrough's
                 saying
                 in
                 February
                 1676.
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 found
                 the
                 condition
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Henrietta's
                 Iron-works
                 no
                 other
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 forementioned
                 Harwich
                 :
                 whereas
                 your
                 Lordships
                 may
                 be
                 pleased
                 (
                 here
                 )
                 to
                 take
                 notice
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Lords
                 your
                 Predecessors
                 in
                 the
                 Admiralty
                 did
                 by
                 their
                 Order
                 of
                 the
                 9
                 th
                 of
                 April
                 1678.
                 (
                 upon
                 some
                 Complaints
                 touching
                 the
                 Iron-works
                 of
                 this
                 Ship
                 ,
                 )
                 recommend
                 to
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 ,
                 the
                 making
                 a
                 strict
                 enquiry
                 into
                 the
                 general
                 and
                 natural
                 Reasons
                 of
                 this
                 great
                 Evil
                 ,
                 directing
                 them
                 twice
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 order
                 to
                 the
                 particular
                 case
                 of
                 this
                 Ship
                 :
                 For
                 execution
                 whereof
                 the
                 said
                 Officers
                 contented
                 themselves
                 ,
                 with
                 answering
                 the
                 Lords
                 
                 not
                 with
                 any
                 effects
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Inquisitions
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 a
                 bare
                 Transcript
                 only
                 of
                 Sir
                 R.
                 B's
                 Conceptions
                 thereon
                 from
                 Chatham
                 ;
                 when
                 (
                 had
                 they
                 so
                 thought
                 good
                 )
                 they
                 could
                 as
                 well
                 have
                 given
                 their
                 Lorships
                 something
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 by
                 communicating
                 to
                 them
                 the
                 Result
                 of
                 an
                 Occular
                 Survey
                 by
                 them
                 had
                 in
                 their
                 Publick
                 Office
                 (
                 this
                 Company
                 being
                 present
                 )
                 of
                 the
                 Rudder-Irons
                 themselves
                 ,
                 sent
                 from
                 Chatham
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ;
                 where
                 (
                 upon
                 the
                 outward
                 coat
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Irons
                 being
                 eaten
                 off
                 with
                 Rust
                 )
                 the
                 inside
                 of
                 their
                 Pintells
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 never
                 having
                 had
                 their
                 
                   due
                   welding
                
                 )
                 discovered
                 themselves
                 in
                 three
                 several
                 arms
                 or
                 branches
                 ,
                 like
                 the
                 stalks
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Tobacco-pipes
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 the
                 removing
                 the
                 wonder
                 of
                 this
                 Ships
                 condition
                 ,
                 but
                 confirming
                 the
                 suggestion
                 this
                 Company
                 had
                 before
                 made
                 to
                 his
                 Majesty
                 and
                 the
                 Lords
                 touching
                 the
                 
                   Smiths
                   neglects
                
                 ,
                 and
                 contributing
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 towards
                 the
                 making
                 a
                 right
                 Judgment
                 in
                 the
                 Matters
                 in
                 question
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 more
                 in
                 its
                 due
                 place
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 From
                 Sir
                 R.
                 B's
                 observing
                 in
                 September
                 1682.
                 the
                 eating
                 off
                 of
                 two
                 of
                 the
                 lower
                 Pintells
                 and
                 Gudgeons
                 wholly
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 third
                 in
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Rose
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 not
                 (
                 as
                 this
                 Company
                 conceives
                 )
                 be
                 thought
                 very
                 extraordinary
                 when
                 it
                 shall
                 be
                 understood
                 that
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 first
                 and
                 only
                 Complaint
                 heard
                 of
                 her
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 after
                 two
                 Voyages
                 to
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 three
                 years
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 her
                 having
                 lain
                 now
                 three
                 years
                 more
                 in
                 Salt
                 water
                 in
                 Harbour
                 ;
                 but
                 after
                 her
                 having
                 worn
                 those
                 Irons
                 eight
                 years
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Complaint
                 it self
                 (
                 when
                 all
                 is
                 done
                 )
                 
                 amounting
                 only
                 to
                 three
                 Pintells
                 and
                 Gudgeons
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 thing
                 objected
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 her
                 Iron-works
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 From
                 Sir
                 Iohn
                 Narbrough's
                 Information
                 in
                 Iuly
                 1678.
                 touching
                 some
                 defectiveness
                 then
                 discovered
                 in
                 the
                 Iames
                 and
                 
                   Charles
                   Gallies
                
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 fears
                 would
                 force
                 him
                 to
                 send
                 them
                 home
                 that
                 Winter
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 being
                 repairable
                 in
                 the
                 Streights
                 :
                 Whereas
                 the
                 Iames
                 being
                 sheathed
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 forth
                 in
                 October
                 1676.
                 continued
                 there
                 three
                 years
                 ,
                 when
                 making
                 a
                 Tripp
                 for
                 England
                 ,
                 she
                 within
                 two
                 months
                 after
                 returned
                 thither
                 ,
                 and
                 has
                 there
                 remained
                 to
                 this
                 day
                 (
                 being
                 in
                 all
                 six
                 years
                 )
                 without
                 ought
                 said
                 by
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 ,
                 of
                 her
                 having
                 any
                 Recruits
                 of
                 her
                 Rudder-Irons
                 in
                 all
                 that
                 time
                 either
                 at
                 home
                 or
                 abroad
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 for
                 the
                 Charles
                 ,
                 which
                 accompanyed
                 the
                 Iames
                 to
                 Sea
                 in
                 October
                 1676
                 ,
                 (
                 instead
                 of
                 being
                 driven
                 home
                 ,
                 as
                 Sir
                 
                   Iohn
                   Narbrough
                
                 apprehended
                 in
                 1678.
                 )
                 she
                 continued
                 there
                 till
                 about
                 August
                 1680.
                 (
                 being
                 four
                 years
                 )
                 and
                 has
                 now
                 remained
                 at
                 home
                 above
                 two
                 years
                 more
                 ,
                 (
                 in
                 all
                 six
                 years
                 )
                 without
                 any
                 such
                 repairs
                 alledged
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 given
                 her
                 either
                 in
                 the
                 Streights
                 or
                 here
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 From
                 these
                 particulars
                 of
                 eight
                 Ships
                 ,
                 thus
                 circumstanced
                 ,
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 have
                 held
                 it
                 reasonable
                 to
                 assert
                 to
                 your
                 Lordships
                 their
                 having
                 received
                 Complaints
                 of
                 the
                 extraordinary
                 Corrosion
                 of
                 the
                 Iron-works
                 of
                 every
                 of
                 his
                 Majesties
                 Ships
                 sheathed
                 with
                 Lead
                 :
                 Whereas
                 these
                 make
                 but
                 eight
                 of
                 twenty
                 
                 so
                 sheathed
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 thing
                 either
                 offered
                 now
                 ,
                 or
                 heretofore
                 appearing
                 to
                 this
                 Company
                 in
                 exception
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 twelve
                 ,
                 viz.
                 
                 
                   
                     Mary
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Defiance
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Woolwich
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Bristol
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Hampshire
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Foresight
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Phoenix
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Assistance
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Kingsfisher
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Hunter
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Vulture
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Norwich
                     .
                  
                
                 but
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 many
                 Instances
                 might
                 be
                 drawn
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 in
                 advantage
                 to
                 the
                 Credit
                 of
                 Lead-sheathing
                 ,
                 of
                 much
                 more
                 force
                 (
                 were
                 that
                 the
                 business
                 of
                 this
                 Paper
                 )
                 than
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 what
                 has
                 been
                 before
                 offered
                 to
                 its
                 diminution
                 :
              
               
                 But
                 this
                 Company
                 humbly
                 referrs
                 your
                 Lordships
                 for
                 that
                 to
                 the
                 Navy
                 Officers
                 ,
                 contenting
                 themselves
                 with
                 an
                 Appeal
                 only
                 to
                 the
                 Phoenix
                 ,
                 and
                 Norwich
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 and
                 last
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 twenty
                 :
                 The
                 former
                 of
                 which
                 coming
                 home
                 after
                 two
                 Voyages
                 ,
                 and
                 three
                 years
                 spent
                 therein
                 ,
                 happened
                 (
                 as
                 has
                 been
                 already
                 mentioned
                 )
                 to
                 Carreene
                 at
                 Sheerness
                 ,
                 where
                 his
                 Majesty
                 receiving
                 full
                 satisfaction
                 in
                 her
                 having
                 answered
                 all
                 that
                 was
                 aimed
                 at
                 in
                 this
                 sheathing
                 ,
                 she
                 from
                 thence
                 proceeded
                 to
                 Guiny
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 return
                 in
                 1674.
                 was
                 sent
                 to
                 Iamaica
                 ,
                 (
                 Voyages
                 all
                 calculated
                 for
                 the
                 proving
                 her
                 against
                 the
                 Worm
                 ,
                 )
                 and
                 coming
                 back
                 ,
                 was
                 in
                 1677.
                 stripp'd
                 of
                 her
                 sheathing
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 sent
                 abroad
                 unsheathed
                 ,
                 without
                 having
                 one
                 
                 Bolt
                 under
                 water
                 shifted
                 from
                 her
                 being
                 so
                 sheathed
                 to
                 that
                 day
                 ,
                 being
                 seven
                 years
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 for
                 the
                 Norwich
                 ,
                 we
                 are
                 well
                 informed
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 not
                 one
                 word
                 of
                 Advice
                 ,
                 much
                 less
                 of
                 Complaint
                 has
                 ever
                 been
                 received
                 either
                 from
                 her
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 least
                 defect
                 discovered
                 in
                 any
                 of
                 her
                 Iron-work
                 under
                 water
                 during
                 the
                 whole
                 four
                 years
                 time
                 of
                 her
                 service
                 in
                 the
                 West-Indies
                 ,
                 from
                 her
                 first
                 sheathing
                 to
                 the
                 day
                 of
                 her
                 Miscarriage
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 does
                 this
                 Company
                 (
                 after
                 having
                 thus
                 opened
                 the
                 matters
                 of
                 Fact
                 reported
                 in
                 these
                 Complaints
                 )
                 conceive
                 it
                 will
                 appear
                 to
                 your
                 Lordships
                 less
                 allowable
                 for
                 them
                 in
                 this
                 place
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 one
                 Remark
                 upon
                 what
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 have
                 offered
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Paper
                 of
                 suggestions
                 Philosophical
                 ,
                 in
                 support
                 of
                 their
                 present
                 Sentence
                 against
                 Lead-sheathing
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 suggestions
                 ,
                 which
                 seem
                 rather
                 calculated
                 for
                 the
                 giving
                 countenance
                 to
                 an
                 Opinion
                 already
                 espoused
                 ,
                 than
                 for
                 the
                 raising
                 an
                 Opinion
                 upon
                 that
                 ,
                 is
                 yet
                 in
                 seeking
                 ;
                 One
                 being
                 that
                 of
                 Sir
                 
                   Iohn
                   Kempthornes
                
                 ,
                 who
                 with
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Officers
                 lighting
                 upon
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 Milled-Lead
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 seemed
                 to
                 them
                 to
                 have
                 taken
                 some
                 wet
                 )
                 they
                 conceived
                 it
                 presently
                 to
                 look
                 of
                 a
                 Cancarous
                 and
                 Corroding
                 substance
                 ,
                 and
                 venomous
                 to
                 Iron
                 ,
                 (
                 qualities
                 not
                 usuaily
                 judged
                 of
                 by
                 the
                 Eye
                 )
                 promising
                 the
                 sending
                 up
                 a
                 Sample
                 of
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 for
                 their
                 Inspection
                 ;
                 which
                 if
                 they
                 did
                 ,
                 the
                 said
                 Officers
                 would
                 not
                 have
                 needed
                 any
                 other
                 Evidence
                 against
                 Lead-sheathing
                 ,
                 than
                 their
                 Experiments
                 upon
                 this
                 one
                 piece
                 ,
                 
                 had
                 Sir
                 
                   Iohn
                   Kempthornes
                
                 conceptions
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 met
                 with
                 any
                 Confirmation
                 therefrom
                 ;
                 wherein
                 your
                 Lordships
                 will
                 easily
                 receive
                 full
                 satisfaction
                 from
                 the
                 said
                 Officers
                 .
              
               
                 Another
                 ,
                 That
                 of
                 Sir
                 R.
                 B's
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 his
                 Declaration
                 upon
                 this
                 matter
                 chargeth
                 this
                 Eating
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Lead-to
                 the
                 
                   mixture
                   it
                   is
                   prepared
                   with
                   for
                   the
                   making
                   it
                   run
                   thin
                   ,
                   by
                   which
                   it
                   is
                   rendred
                   of
                   a
                   more
                   blew
                   colour
                   than
                   Lead
                   ordinarily
                   is
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   Salt-water
                   creates
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Coperas
                   that
                   consumes
                   the
                   Iron-works
                   under
                   water
                
                 ;
                 whereas
                 whoever
                 is
                 conversant
                 in
                 the
                 method
                 of
                 this
                 Company
                 in
                 the
                 manufacturing
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Invention
                 ,
                 know
                 that
                 the
                 only
                 mystery
                 thereof
                 lies
                 in
                 the
                 application
                 of
                 Lead
                 to
                 Rollers
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 reduced
                 without
                 any
                 inequalities
                 to
                 what
                 degree
                 of
                 thickness
                 or
                 thinness
                 is
                 demanded
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 least
                 other
                 Preparation
                 or
                 Mixture
                 exercised
                 upon
                 the
                 Metal
                 it self
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 pressed
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 upon
                 the
                 Ships
                 sides
                 as
                 simple
                 ,
                 and
                 unaltered
                 as
                 ever
                 it
                 flowed
                 from
                 the
                 Pig.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   last
                   ,
                   that
                   of
                   Sir
                
                 Iohn
                 Narbrough
                 
                   's
                   Opinion
                   of
                   its
                   being
                
                 the
                 Copper
                 covering
                 the
                 Rudder-Irons
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Copper
                 nailes
                 the
                 sheathing
                 is
                 fastened
                 with
                 ,
                 that
                 destroys
                 the
                 Iron-work
                 :
                 
                   whereto
                   we
                   hold
                   it
                   unnecessary
                   here
                   to
                   return
                   any
                   thing
                   in
                   opposition
                   more
                   ,
                   than
                   what
                   the
                   said
                   Officers
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   present
                   you
                   with
                   of
                   a
                   quite
                   contrary
                   Principle
                   ,
                   though
                   in
                   maintenance
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Position
                   ,
                   from
                   Sir
                
                 R.
                 B.
                 
                   who
                   expresly
                   declares
                   his
                   having
                   found
                   by
                   experience
                   ,
                
                 That
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 the
                 Irons
                 covered
                 with
                 Copper
                 ,
                 and
                 nailed
                 even
                 with
                 Iron
                 Nails
                 ,
                 that
                 suffer
                 from
                 the
                 Rust
                 ;
                 but
                 only
                 those
                 which
                 
                 the
                 Lead
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Salt
                 water
                 drains
                 and
                 falls
                 upon
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 this
                 ,
                 My
                 Lords
                 ,
                 having
                 been
                 said
                 in
                 Reference
                 to
                 all
                 that
                 the
                 Navy
                 Officers
                 have
                 in
                 their
                 Report
                 thought
                 fit
                 to
                 give
                 for
                 the
                 grounds
                 of
                 this
                 their
                 so
                 positive
                 Determination
                 against
                 Lead-sheathing
                 :
                 And
                 wherein
                 this
                 Company
                 have
                 only
                 this
                 to
                 ask
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 not
                 from
                 ought
                 they
                 have
                 already
                 ,
                 or
                 may
                 yet
                 further
                 say
                 upon
                 this
                 occasion
                 ,
                 be
                 misunderstood
                 by
                 your
                 Lordships
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 under
                 any
                 disbelief
                 themselves
                 ,
                 or
                 aimed
                 at
                 the
                 getting
                 any
                 in
                 others
                 ,
                 touching
                 the
                 Truth
                 of
                 Fact
                 now
                 discoursed
                 upon
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 none
                 more
                 sensible
                 than
                 themselves
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 Reality
                 of
                 this
                 wast
                 of
                 Iron-work
                 by
                 Rust
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 ill
                 importance
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 in
                 its
                 consequences
                 ;
                 They
                 now
                 proceed
                 to
                 the
                 giving
                 your
                 Lordships
                 the
                 best
                 assistance
                 they
                 can
                 towards
                 the
                 discovery
                 of
                 what
                 is
                 the
                 true
                 sourse
                 of
                 this
                 Evil
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 plainness
                 of
                 this
                 following
                 Method
                 ,
                 viz.
                 
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 By
                 submitting
                 to
                 your
                 Lordships
                 their
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 and
                 its
                 Reasons
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Sheathing
                 of
                 Ships
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 neither
                 is
                 ,
                 nor
                 can
                 (
                 as
                 such
                 )
                 be
                 the
                 true
                 Cause
                 of
                 this
                 decay
                 of
                 Iron-work
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 By
                 doing
                 the
                 like
                 in
                 reference
                 to
                 the
                 Evils
                 (
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 more
                 than
                 one
                 )
                 whereto
                 this
                 matter
                 under
                 enquiry
                 ought
                 rightfully
                 
                   to
                   be
                   imputed
                
                 .
              
               
               
                 3.
                 
                 By
                 conducting
                 your
                 Lordships
                 to
                 that
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 take
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 only
                 ,
                 certain
                 ,
                 speedy
                 ,
                 and
                 effectual
                 Expedient
                 of
                 arriving
                 at
                 the
                 Truth
                 in
                 this
                 matter
                 .
              
               
                 
                 For
                 the
                 First
                 ,
                 Against
                 the
                 charging
                 this
                 Mischief
                 upon
                 sheathing
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 be
                 pleased
                 to
                 receive
                 the
                 Measures
                 of
                 this
                 Companies
                 judging
                 therein
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 following
                 Considerations
                 .
              
               
                 (
                 1.
                 )
                 That
                 without
                 taking
                 upon
                 us
                 to
                 Discourse
                 as
                 Philosophers
                 of
                 the
                 different
                 Structures
                 ,
                 Consistences
                 ,
                 Sweetnesses
                 and
                 Acidities
                 of
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Difficulties
                 wherewith
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 frequently
                 entertained
                 ,
                 in
                 their
                 Enquiries
                 on
                 this
                 Subject
                 ,
                 They
                 have
                 made
                 it
                 their
                 Endeavours
                 to
                 gather
                 the
                 best
                 Information
                 they
                 can
                 ,
                 by
                 resorting
                 to
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 to
                 Persons
                 of
                 most
                 allowed
                 Name
                 in
                 Natural
                 Phylosophy
                 and
                 Chymistry
                 ,
                 without
                 being
                 able
                 hitherto
                 to
                 meet
                 with
                 one
                 that
                 will
                 admit
                 any
                 thing
                 to
                 lye
                 within
                 the
                 whole
                 natur●●
                 of
                 Lead
                 ,
                 that
                 either
                 singly
                 ,
                 or
                 from
                 any
                 alteration
                 that
                 can
                 be
                 begotten
                 by
                 its
                 meeting
                 with
                 Salt-water
                 ,
                 can
                 contribute
                 ought
                 to
                 the
                 decay
                 of
                 Iron
                 by
                 Corrosion
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 a
                 Mettal
                 so
                 void
                 of
                 any
                 disposition
                 that
                 way
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 subdue
                 that
                 very
                 quality
                 of
                 corroding
                 in
                 other
                 Bodies
                 the
                 most
                 acid
                 and
                 sour
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 had
                 the
                 honour
                 more
                 than
                 once
                 of
                 hearing
                 his
                 Majesty
                 himself
                 discourse
                 in
                 Confirmation
                 ,
                 so
                 do
                 we
                 readily
                 and
                 humbly
                 referr
                 your
                 Lordships
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 Royal
                 Advice
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 the
                 honourable
                 and
                 learned
                 Gentleman
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 eminently
                 so
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 researches
                 into
                 those
                 abstruser
                 
                 parts
                 of
                 Natural
                 Knowledge
                 ,
                 Mr.
                 Boyle
                 ,
                 or
                 whoever
                 you
                 shall
                 please
                 to
                 consult
                 with
                 herein
                 ,
                 taking
                 with
                 you
                 the
                 like
                 confideration
                 about
                 the
                 Nails
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 some
                 (
                 as
                 has
                 been
                 already
                 shewn
                 )
                 seem
                 more
                 inclinable
                 to
                 impute
                 this
                 Evil
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 the
                 Lead
                 ,
                 our
                 daily
                 experience
                 shewing
                 them
                 at
                 seven
                 years
                 end
                 ,
                 as
                 free
                 from
                 Rust
                 ,
                 as
                 at
                 their
                 first
                 driving
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 so
                 Rust-proof
                 in
                 themselves
                 ,
                 will
                 not
                 any
                 more
                 be
                 admitted
                 with
                 those
                 we
                 have
                 discoursed
                 with
                 ,
                 as
                 capable
                 of
                 infecting
                 with
                 Rust
                 any
                 other
                 adjacent
                 ,
                 or
                 even
                 continguous
                 Metal
                 .
              
               
                 (
                 2.
                 )
                 That
                 from
                 beyond
                 the
                 Memory
                 of
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 before
                 the
                 being
                 of
                 this
                 Invention
                 ,
                 (
                 at
                 least
                 within
                 these
                 Dominions
                 )
                 universal
                 Practice
                 both
                 in
                 his
                 Majesties
                 Yards
                 ,
                 and
                 Merchants
                 Buildings
                 ,
                 has
                 and
                 does
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 make
                 Lead
                 the
                 common
                 security
                 of
                 Iron-work
                 against
                 Rust
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 by
                 covering
                 therewith
                 (
                 upon
                 all
                 Ships
                 unsheathed
                 ,
                 and
                 designed
                 on
                 long
                 Voyages
                 )
                 the
                 Iron-work
                 about
                 the
                 Rudder
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 capping
                 the
                 heads
                 of
                 their
                 Bolts
                 under
                 water
                 with
                 pieces
                 of
                 Lead
                 sized
                 to
                 ,
                 and
                 nailed
                 over
                 the
                 said
                 Bolts
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 is
                 this
                 all
                 ,
                 for
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 whatever
                 Merchant-Man
                 ,
                 or
                 Man
                 of
                 War
                 is
                 appointed
                 for
                 a
                 Voyage
                 where
                 the
                 Worm
                 eats
                 ,
                 the
                 back
                 of
                 her
                 Stern-post
                 ,
                 and
                 Beard
                 of
                 her
                 Rudder
                 ,
                 are
                 sheathed
                 with
                 Copper
                 or
                 Lead
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 even
                 where
                 the
                 Ships
                 also
                 are
                 sheathed
                 with
                 Wood
                 ,
                 the
                 East-India
                 Company
                 it self
                 ,
                 (
                 upon
                 whom
                 we
                 may
                 best
                 depend
                 for
                 cautions
                 ,
                 wherever
                 preservation
                 of
                 Ships
                 is
                 in
                 question
                 )
                 not
                 omitting
                 in
                 that
                 very
                 case
                 ,
                 to
                 sheath
                 their
                 Rudders
                 with
                 Lead
                 or
                 Copper
                 .
              
               
               
                 Which
                 Practice
                 could
                 certainly
                 never
                 have
                 prevailed
                 with
                 our
                 Fathers
                 ,
                 and
                 been
                 followed
                 with
                 so
                 continued
                 a
                 consent
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 by
                 us
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 vicinity
                 of
                 either
                 of
                 these
                 Metals
                 assisted
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 by
                 some
                 imagined
                 )
                 by
                 Salt-water
                 ,
                 had
                 been
                 ever
                 found
                 of
                 so
                 pernicious
                 and
                 certain
                 Effect
                 upon
                 the
                 very
                 Matter
                 they
                 are
                 imployed
                 to
                 secure
                 .
              
               
                 (
                 3.
                 )
                 Nor
                 does
                 what
                 is
                 thus
                 approved
                 of
                 in
                 the
                 general
                 ,
                 and
                 universal
                 Practice
                 of
                 England
                 ,
                 want
                 its
                 confirmation
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 like
                 of
                 several
                 Forreign
                 Nations
                 ,
                 to
                 wit
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Dutch
                   ,
                   Portuguese
                
                 and
                 Spaniard
                 ;
                 the
                 first
                 of
                 which
                 are
                 equally
                 observant
                 with
                 us
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 sheathing
                 their
                 
                   Rudder
                   Irons
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Back
                 of
                 their
                 Posts
                 with
                 Lead
                 or
                 Copper
                 upon
                 all
                 Ships
                 bound
                 in
                 the
                 way
                 of
                 the
                 Worm
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 two
                 latter
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 Rudders
                 but
                 the
                 whole
                 Bodies
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 under
                 Water
                 ,
                 even
                 of
                 their
                 Gallions
                 themselves
                 ,
                 have
                 of
                 long
                 time
                 been
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 well
                 known
                 at
                 this
                 Day
                 to
                 be
                 entirely
                 
                   sheathed
                   with
                   Lead
                
                 ;
                 which
                 concurrence
                 of
                 these
                 two
                 latter
                 Nations
                 ,
                 seems
                 in
                 this
                 Cause
                 so
                 much
                 more
                 considerable
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 ,
                 by
                 how
                 much
                 not
                 only
                 their
                 Voyages
                 are
                 the
                 longest
                 ,
                 their
                 hazards
                 therein
                 from
                 the
                 Worm
                 the
                 greatest
                 ,
                 and
                 Cargoes
                 the
                 most
                 valuable
                 of
                 all
                 that
                 Navigation
                 knows
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Hulls
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 abound
                 the
                 most
                 with
                 Iron-work
                 ,
                 as
                 having
                 all
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 fastening
                 of
                 our
                 Plank
                 we
                 perform
                 with
                 
                   wooden
                   Trunnels
                
                 ,
                 done
                 by
                 them
                 with
                 large
                 Spikes
                 of
                 Iron
                 .
              
               
                 (
                 4.
                 )
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 Were
                 this
                 Spoil
                 of
                 Iron-work
                 
                 chargeable
                 with
                 nothing
                 but
                 what
                 is
                 contained
                 in
                 the
                 Lead
                 and
                 Nails
                 ,
                 these
                 pretended
                 Effects
                 of
                 theirs
                 would
                 be
                 constant
                 and
                 uniform
                 in
                 all
                 Ships
                 alike
                 sheathed
                 ;
                 whereas
                 nothing
                 is
                 more
                 frequent
                 than
                 the
                 Instances
                 of
                 their
                 Inequality
                 ,
                 as
                 will
                 enough
                 appear
                 from
                 a
                 bare
                 Observation
                 of
                 what
                 lies
                 before
                 your
                 Lordships
                 in
                 this
                 very
                 Report
                 of
                 the
                 Navy-Officers
                 :
                 Forasmuch
                 as
                 this
                 Company
                 dare
                 put
                 the
                 whole
                 Credit
                 of
                 their
                 Cause
                 upon
                 that
                 one
                 
                   Issue
                   ,
                   viz.
                
                 of
                 your
                 Lordships
                 ever
                 finding
                 an
                 
                   Equal
                   Consumption
                   of
                   Iron-work
                
                 under
                 Water
                 ,
                 whether
                 upon
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 or
                 different
                 Ships
                 at
                 any
                 one
                 time
                 ,
                 or
                 equal
                 distances
                 of
                 time
                 ;
                 the
                 Account
                 now
                 before
                 you
                 of
                 the
                 twenty
                 Ships
                 that
                 have
                 passed
                 this
                 Method
                 of
                 Sheathing
                 ,
                 affording
                 a
                 most
                 ample
                 Proof
                 of
                 this
                 Inequality
                 ,
                 by
                 having
                 eight
                 of
                 them
                 loaden
                 with
                 Complaints
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 different
                 from
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 different
                 times
                 from
                 it self
                 )
                 while
                 we
                 are
                 yet
                 to
                 be
                 told
                 ,
                 whether
                 the
                 other
                 twelve
                 were
                 not
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 are
                 sure
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 were
                 )
                 free
                 from
                 all
                 ground
                 of
                 Complaint
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 our
                 Second
                 Undertaking
                 ,
                 we
                 conceive
                 
                 the
                 
                   real
                   Causes
                
                 of
                 this
                 Evil
                 ,
                 (
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 so
                 much
                 thereof
                 as
                 is
                 Extraordinary
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 these
                 three
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 
                   perfunctory
                   Performance
                
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Smiths
                   Part
                
                 in
                 this
                 Affair
                 ,
                 by
                 some
                 Deficiency
                 either
                 in
                 the
                 choice
                 ,
                 mixture
                 or
                 temper
                 of
                 his
                 Metal
                 ,
                 or
                 failure
                 to
                 give
                 it
                 its
                 due
                 welding
                 or
                 working
                 :
                 Forasmuch
                 as
                 by
                 this
                 alone
                 can
                 be
                 reconciled
                 the
                 forementioned
                 Disparities
                 in
                 the
                 
                 Duration
                 of
                 Iron-work
                 ;
                 whence
                 otherwise
                 can
                 it
                 be
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 other
                 circumstances
                 (
                 whereto
                 that
                 Disparity
                 can
                 be
                 referred
                 )
                 being
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 one
                 particular
                 Piece
                 of
                 Iron
                 shall
                 remain
                 undiminished
                 three
                 times
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 that
                 next
                 to
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 not
                 only
                 in
                 sheathed
                 Ships
                 (
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 Case
                 of
                 those
                 before
                 you
                 )
                 but
                 unsheathed
                 too
                 ;
                 as
                 (
                 to
                 give
                 but
                 one
                 Instance
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Cause
                 where
                 every
                 Ship
                 is
                 another
                 )
                 appears
                 in
                 the
                 Swiftures
                 first
                 Voyage
                 to
                 the
                 Streights
                 with
                 Sir
                 
                   Rich.
                   Rooth
                
                 ,
                 where
                 two
                 of
                 her
                 Rudder-Irons
                 were
                 eaten
                 entirely
                 in
                 pieces
                 ,
                 and
                 shifted
                 at
                 her
                 return
                 in
                 
                 Portsmouth-Dock
                 ;
                 while
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 
                   the
                   rest
                
                 (
                 though
                 all
                 put
                 on
                 together
                 several
                 Years
                 before
                 )
                 were
                 found
                 as
                 firm
                 and
                 unwasted
                 as
                 at
                 their
                 first
                 fastening
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 consideration
                 and
                 thorough
                 conviction
                 of
                 which
                 led
                 this
                 Company
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1678.
                 (
                 when
                 these
                 Complaints
                 were
                 most
                 active
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Lords
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Admiralty's
                 Inquisitions
                 into
                 the
                 Reasons
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 pressing
                 )
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 Communicate
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Navy-Officers
                 their
                 Opinions
                 therein
                 ,
                 but
                 at
                 their
                 own
                 hazards
                 and
                 the
                 Ordinary
                 Price
                 ,
                 to
                 become
                 Undertakers
                 themselves
                 for
                 what
                 further
                 Rudder-Irons
                 should
                 be
                 from
                 thence
                 called
                 for
                 (
                 whether
                 at
                 home
                 or
                 abroad
                 )
                 by
                 any
                 Lead-sheathed
                 Ships
                 :
                 Which
                 Proposition
                 was
                 not
                 only
                 approved
                 of
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 (
                 as
                 has
                 been
                 already
                 said
                 )
                 by
                 Orders
                 upon
                 Orders
                 from
                 their
                 Lordships
                 directed
                 ,
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 same
                 instantly
                 put
                 and
                 continued
                 in
                 practice
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 whence
                 it
                 was
                 that
                 those
                 Orders
                 me●
                 
                 with
                 no
                 better
                 complyance
                 ,
                 or
                 how
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 certain
                 ,
                 speedy
                 and
                 chargeless
                 an
                 Expedient
                 of
                 coming
                 by
                 the
                 Truth
                 in
                 a
                 matter
                 of
                 this
                 Importance
                 (
                 and
                 after
                 a
                 provocation
                 too
                 ,
                 so
                 publick
                 and
                 seasonable
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Henrietta's
                 Rudder-Irons
                 above
                 mentioned
                 )
                 could
                 be
                 so
                 disregarded
                 as
                 never
                 once
                 to
                 be
                 set
                 on
                 Tryal
                 ,
                 your
                 Lordships
                 will
                 be
                 best
                 informed
                 from
                 them
                 themselves
                 ,
                 by
                 whom
                 variety
                 indeed
                 of
                 Ships
                 were
                 sent
                 to
                 Sea
                 ,
                 subsequent
                 to
                 the
                 said
                 Orders
                 ,
                 but
                 without
                 any
                 call
                 or
                 notice
                 given
                 thereof
                 to
                 this
                 Company
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Majesty
                 might
                 have
                 the
                 proof
                 and
                 benefit
                 of
                 the
                 Service
                 so
                 much
                 expected
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 required
                 from
                 the
                 said
                 Officers
                 both
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 and
                 Lords
                 on
                 this
                 occasion
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 manifest
                 and
                 knowing
                 Omission
                 of
                 the
                 Persons
                 charged
                 in
                 seeing
                 the
                 said
                 sheathing
                 brought
                 on
                 ,
                 to
                 do
                 in
                 this
                 case
                 what
                 the
                 practice
                 of
                 all
                 times
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 this
                 very
                 day
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 the
                 Kings
                 and
                 Merchants
                 Service
                 ,
                 has
                 made
                 a
                 s●anding
                 and
                 necessary
                 piece
                 of
                 care
                 to
                 be
                 exercised
                 in
                 the
                 fitting
                 forth
                 of
                 all
                 Ships
                 (
                 sheathed
                 and
                 unsheathed
                 )
                 bound
                 on
                 Forraign
                 Voyages
                 ,
                 namely
                 ,
                 The
                 parcelling
                 ,
                 or
                 laying
                 with
                 Tarr
                 and
                 Hair
                 all
                 the
                 Iron-work
                 under
                 water
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 sheathing
                 ,
                 (
                 in
                 case
                 of
                 the
                 former
                 )
                 or
                 the
                 forementioned
                 Capps
                 (
                 in
                 case
                 of
                 the
                 latter
                 )
                 be
                 brought
                 over
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 which
                 as
                 we
                 are
                 ready
                 to
                 appeal
                 to
                 the
                 Surveyor
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 ,
                 or
                 whoever
                 else
                 is
                 conversant
                 in
                 the
                 Rules
                 and
                 Methods
                 of
                 Ship-Building
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Truth
                 of
                 what
                 is
                 here
                 asserted
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 is
                 owned
                 in
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 Officers
                 own
                 Evidences
                 ,
                 and
                 particularly
                 in
                 a
                 
                 Letter
                 of
                 Sir
                 
                   R.
                   B's
                
                 ;
                 so
                 do
                 we
                 willingly
                 referr
                 our selves
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 Surveyor
                 for
                 the
                 Truth
                 of
                 this
                 suggestion
                 of
                 ours
                 ,
                 touching
                 the
                 under
                 Officers
                 omitting
                 the
                 performance
                 of
                 this
                 their
                 known
                 Duty
                 of
                 laying
                 the
                 Iron-work
                 under
                 water
                 ,
                 at
                 their
                 bringing
                 on
                 the
                 sheathing
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Ships
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 if
                 so
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 this
                 Companies
                 pretensions
                 in
                 this
                 Method
                 of
                 sheathing
                 never
                 extended
                 further
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 answering
                 the
                 efficacy
                 ,
                 cheapness
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 circumstances
                 of
                 advantage
                 appertaining
                 to
                 the
                 prevention
                 of
                 the
                 Worm
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Act
                 of
                 Parliament
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Contract
                 with
                 the
                 King
                 abundantly
                 prove
                 )
                 what
                 more
                 Reason
                 is
                 there
                 for
                 their
                 being
                 held
                 accountable
                 for
                 the
                 Consequences
                 of
                 this
                 Omission
                 in
                 the
                 Kings
                 Officers
                 ,
                 than
                 for
                 that
                 of
                 starting
                 of
                 a
                 But-head
                 in
                 a
                 Ships
                 side
                 ,
                 that
                 never
                 had
                 its
                 due
                 fastening
                 ?
                 It
                 being
                 no
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Undertaking
                 to
                 answer
                 for
                 the
                 Tightness
                 of
                 their
                 sheathing
                 when
                 laid
                 on
                 ,
                 and
                 droven
                 with
                 Nails
                 ,
                 further
                 than
                 for
                 its
                 unpassableness
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 the
                 Worm
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 being
                 allowed
                 ,
                 what
                 can
                 be
                 more
                 demonstrable
                 ,
                 than
                 that
                 the
                 neglect
                 of
                 ordinary
                 Cautions
                 ,
                 must
                 be
                 attended
                 with
                 the
                 ordinary
                 Evils
                 ,
                 those
                 Cautions
                 were
                 provided
                 against
                 .
              
               
                 Of
                 which
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 of
                 giving
                 the
                 Iron-work
                 of
                 these
                 Lead-sheathed
                 Ships
                 ,
                 their
                 ordinary
                 Defence
                 against
                 the
                 Salt-water
                 by
                 Parcelling
                 ,
                 or
                 laying
                 them
                 with
                 Tarr
                 and
                 Hair
                 under
                 their
                 Sheathing
                 ,
                 is
                 one
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 not
                 need
                 to
                 confirm
                 to
                 your
                 Lordships
                 by
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 single
                 Instance
                 of
                 the
                 Phoenix
                 ,
                 which
                 having
                 had
                 her
                 Sheathing
                 performed
                 by
                 Sir
                 
                   Ant.
                   Dean
                
                 at
                 Portsmouth
                 ,
                 
                 with
                 this
                 common
                 right
                 done
                 to
                 her
                 ,
                 appears
                 not
                 to
                 have
                 had
                 one
                 Bolt
                 shifted
                 within
                 the
                 whole
                 seven
                 Years
                 of
                 carrying
                 the
                 same
                 :
                 Nor
                 are
                 your
                 Lordships
                 without
                 an
                 eminent
                 proof
                 of
                 your
                 own
                 ,
                 touching
                 the
                 constancy
                 and
                 universality
                 of
                 this
                 practice
                 of
                 laying
                 the
                 Iron-work
                 of
                 all
                 sheathed
                 Ships
                 with
                 Tarr
                 ,
                 and
                 Hair
                 ,
                 or
                 Parcelling
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 acknowledged
                 importance
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 securing
                 the
                 said
                 Iron-works
                 from
                 the
                 Salt-water
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 alone
                 can
                 perform
                 upon
                 that
                 Metal
                 ,
                 all
                 that
                 is
                 here
                 laid
                 upon
                 the
                 Lead
                 )
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Happy
                   Retnrn
                
                 ,
                 sheathed
                 but
                 very
                 few
                 dayes
                 since
                 with
                 Wood
                 at
                 Woolwich
                 ,
                 where
                 your
                 Builder
                 will
                 be
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 ordinary
                 course
                 of
                 his
                 Trade
                 to
                 have
                 laid
                 with
                 Tarr
                 and
                 Hair
                 all
                 her
                 Bolt-heads
                 under
                 water
                 ,
                 and
                 fastened
                 Caps
                 of
                 Lead
                 over
                 them
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 this
                 Sheathing
                 with
                 Wood
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 on
                 over
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 unaccountable
                 continuance
                 of
                 these
                 Ships
                 for
                 nine
                 ,
                 ten
                 ,
                 and
                 eleven
                 years
                 together
                 in
                 their
                 sheathing
                 ,
                 without
                 their
                 being
                 in
                 all
                 that
                 time
                 unstripp'd
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 necessary
                 searching
                 of
                 their
                 bottoms
                 ,
                 and
                 timely
                 supplying
                 the
                 decayes
                 ,
                 (
                 whether
                 in
                 Iron-work
                 ,
                 or
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 )
                 which
                 are
                 of
                 course
                 to
                 be
                 expected
                 within
                 their
                 proper
                 distances
                 of
                 time
                 ;
                 which
                 as
                 it
                 contradicts
                 all
                 ancient
                 practice
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 Royal
                 Navy
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 of
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 the
                 case
                 of
                 Ships
                 of
                 value
                 ,
                 and
                 under
                 careful
                 Owners
                 ,
                 so
                 seems
                 it
                 in
                 this
                 of
                 ours
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 designed
                 only
                 to
                 render
                 that
                 very
                 Vertue
                 for
                 which
                 (
                 amongst
                 others
                 )
                 Lead-sheathing
                 exceeds
                 all
                 that
                 ever
                 went
                 before
                 it
                 ,
                 namely
                 ,
                 its
                 durableness
                 ,
                 a
                 Vice
                 of
                 much
                 worse
                 consequence
                 
                 to
                 the
                 health
                 of
                 a
                 Ship
                 ,
                 than
                 all
                 it
                 pretends
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 and
                 does
                 against
                 the
                 Worm
                 ,
                 can
                 make
                 amends
                 for
                 .
              
               
                 Your
                 Lordships
                 might
                 otherwise
                 be
                 pleased
                 to
                 inform
                 your selves
                 from
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 ,
                 whence
                 it
                 comes
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 that
                 after
                 such
                 Complaints
                 received
                 from
                 abroad
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 have
                 handed
                 to
                 your
                 Lordships
                 ,
                 touching
                 the
                 dreadful
                 decays
                 of
                 those
                 Ships
                 Iron-work
                 under
                 water
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 suffer
                 them
                 ,
                 when
                 come
                 home
                 ,
                 to
                 continue
                 for
                 two
                 ,
                 three
                 ,
                 and
                 four
                 years
                 together
                 in
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 thing
                 more
                 done
                 in
                 all
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 towards
                 their
                 Relief
                 against
                 the
                 
                   growing
                   Mischiefs
                
                 they
                 are
                 yet
                 daily
                 exposed
                 to
                 ,
                 than
                 a
                 Declaration
                 of
                 Wonder
                 at
                 the
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 years
                 end
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 not
                 before
                 sunk
                 in
                 the
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
                 Very
                 dissonant
                 is
                 this
                 Method
                 of
                 Proceeding
                 (
                 my
                 Lords
                 )
                 from
                 the
                 Primitive
                 and
                 present
                 Institution
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 ,
                 that
                 provides
                 so
                 carefully
                 both
                 in
                 its
                 joynt
                 and
                 separate
                 Instructions
                 to
                 the
                 Officers
                 thereof
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 particularly
                 to
                 the
                 Surveyor
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 for
                 the
                 general
                 good
                 Government
                 and
                 Preservation
                 of
                 his
                 Majesties
                 Ships
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 more
                 strict
                 and
                 Annual
                 State
                 to
                 be
                 had
                 of
                 all
                 their
                 respective
                 Hulls
                 ,
                 Masts
                 ,
                 and
                 Yards
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 your
                 Lordships
                 taking
                 such
                 course
                 for
                 their
                 Ransackings
                 ,
                 Groundings
                 ,
                 Dockings
                 ,
                 and
                 Repairings
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 you
                 shall
                 be
                 thought
                 most
                 for
                 his
                 Majesty's
                 Benefit
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 are
                 those
                 Instructions
                 a
                 little
                 inforced
                 upon
                 the
                 said
                 Officers
                 by
                 that
                 
                   standing
                   Article
                
                 in
                 the
                 ordinary
                 Estimate
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 ,
                 wherein
                 they
                 Annually
                 make
                 Demands
                 of
                 a
                 
                 particular
                 summ
                 of
                 Money
                 towards
                 their
                 Execution
                 thereof
                 ,
                 nor
                 were
                 ever
                 denyed
                 the
                 Allowance
                 of
                 it
                 by
                 his
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 as
                 Duties
                 owned
                 on
                 each
                 side
                 necessary
                 to
                 be
                 performed
                 .
              
               
                 Which
                 ,
                 how
                 far
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 done
                 in
                 reference
                 to
                 those
                 unhappy
                 Ships
                 ,
                 which
                 of
                 all
                 others
                 have
                 the
                 least
                 reason
                 to
                 suffer
                 under
                 this
                 neglect
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 terms
                 upon
                 which
                 their
                 Sheathing
                 is
                 performed
                 by
                 this
                 Company
                 for
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 They
                 are
                 well
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 the
                 charge
                 of
                 their
                 having
                 it
                 done
                 twice
                 within
                 the
                 Time
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 (
                 to
                 the
                 hazard
                 of
                 their
                 Ruine
                 )
                 are
                 suffered
                 to
                 remain
                 under
                 its
                 being
                 done
                 but
                 once
                 .
                 We
                 humbly
                 submit
                 to
                 your
                 Lordships
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 with
                 our
                 full
                 concurrence
                 to
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Report
                 ,
                 wherein
                 they
                 have
                 at
                 length
                 bethought
                 themselves
                 of
                 advising
                 your
                 Lordships
                 to
                 order
                 the
                 doing
                 of
                 that
                 now
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Practice
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 acknowledged
                 condition
                 of
                 those
                 Ships
                 would
                 have
                 expected
                 their
                 having
                 done
                 
                   long
                   since
                
                 )
                 proceed
                 to
                 the
                 third
                 and
                 last
                 branch
                 of
                 our
                 Undertaking
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 humbly
                 say
                 ,
                 viz.
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 That
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 our
                 leading
                 your
                 Lordships
                 the
                 more
                 satisfactorily
                 to
                 what
                 we
                 take
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 only
                 True
                 and
                 Competent
                 method
                 of
                 rightly
                 determining
                 of
                 the
                 different
                 validities
                 of
                 what
                 has
                 been
                 severally
                 offered
                 and
                 asserted
                 by
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 Company
                 ,
                 in
                 Maintenance
                 of
                 their
                 different
                 Conceptions
                 touching
                 the
                 Evil
                 now
                 enquired
                 into
                 :
                 Your
                 Lordships
                 may
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 be
                 pleased
                 to
                 take
                 notice
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 therein
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 Opinion
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Officers
                 )
                 that
                 no
                 Ship
                 
                 however
                 sheathed
                 or
                 unsheathed
                 ,
                 did
                 ever
                 make
                 a
                 Voyage
                 to
                 Sea
                 ,
                 where
                 her
                 Iron-works
                 came
                 not
                 home
                 in
                 a
                 greater
                 or
                 less
                 degree
                 seized
                 on
                 ,
                 and
                 impaired
                 by
                 Rust.
                 Next
                 ,
                 That
                 this
                 Company
                 does
                 voluntarily
                 take
                 upon
                 it self
                 (
                 beyond
                 what
                 by
                 any
                 thing
                 in
                 their
                 Contract
                 they
                 are
                 obliged
                 to
                 )
                 an
                 accountableness
                 for
                 this
                 their
                 Method's
                 being
                 as
                 secure
                 on
                 behalf
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 in
                 reference
                 to
                 this
                 very
                 point
                 of
                 the
                 Iron-work
                 ,
                 as
                 Wood-sheathing
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 hitherto
                 known
                 ,
                 can
                 be
                 shewn
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 .
              
               
                 Which
                 being
                 premised
                 :
                 And
                 forasmuch
                 as
                 nothing
                 is
                 more
                 true
                 in
                 Fact
                 ,
                 or
                 more
                 legible
                 in
                 the
                 Records
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 constant
                 charge
                 the
                 Crown
                 has
                 been
                 always
                 at
                 for
                 the
                 shifting
                 and
                 supplying
                 the
                 defects
                 of
                 Iron-works
                 ,
                 besides
                 what
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 read
                 in
                 the
                 heaps
                 of
                 decayed
                 Bolts
                 ,
                 Rudder-Irons
                 ,
                 &c.
                 rarely
                 missing
                 in
                 his
                 Majesty's
                 Yards
                 ,
                 but
                 after
                 a
                 sale
                 :
                 And
                 whereas
                 it
                 is
                 no
                 less
                 manifest
                 ,
                 that
                 among
                 the
                 other
                 Instances
                 already
                 spoken
                 of
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 unequal
                 decay
                 of
                 Iron-works
                 ,
                 this
                 is
                 one
                 ,
                 viz.
                 That
                 is
                 has
                 not
                 been
                 seldom
                 noted
                 to
                 exceed
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Ship
                 while
                 unsheathed
                 ,
                 what
                 it
                 has
                 at
                 another
                 time
                 been
                 ,
                 even
                 while
                 in
                 a
                 Lead-sheathing
                 ;
                 witness
                 the
                 forenamed
                 Phoenix
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 furnished
                 with
                 a
                 new
                 Sett
                 of
                 Rudder-Irons
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 stripping
                 of
                 that
                 Sheathing
                 in
                 Ian.
                 1677.
                 and
                 soon
                 after
                 sent
                 so
                 stripp'd
                 to
                 the
                 Streights
                 ,
                 was
                 forced
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 Year
                 ,
                 about
                 Christmas
                 ,
                 to
                 shift
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 one
                 Brace
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 of
                 her
                 Bolts
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Iron-works
                 ,
                 while
                 (
                 as
                 has
                 been
                 already
                 noted
                 )
                 she
                 appears
                 not
                 to
                 have
                 shifted
                 so
                 much
                 
                 as
                 one
                 Bolt
                 ,
                 or
                 received
                 any
                 considerable
                 Recruit
                 of
                 other
                 Iron-work
                 within
                 the
                 whole
                 seven
                 years
                 of
                 her
                 being
                 Sheathed
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 concurrs
                 the
                 case
                 of
                 the
                 Foresight
                 ,
                 whose
                 new
                 sett
                 of
                 Rudder-Irons
                 ,
                 put
                 on
                 in
                 Ian.
                 1672.
                 when
                 unsheathed
                 ,
                 were
                 shifted
                 in
                 little
                 more
                 than
                 a
                 year
                 and
                 an
                 half
                 ,
                 viz.
                 in
                 Aug.
                 1674.
                 when
                 being
                 Sheathed
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 she
                 continued
                 without
                 any
                 supply
                 of
                 Rudder-Irons
                 till
                 1679
                 :
                 Nor
                 do
                 we
                 think
                 it
                 would
                 conduce
                 a
                 little
                 to
                 the
                 satisfaction
                 of
                 your
                 Lordships
                 ,
                 upon
                 this
                 very
                 head
                 to
                 require
                 a
                 just
                 account
                 of
                 what
                 has
                 been
                 lately
                 observed
                 in
                 the
                 Ransacking
                 even
                 of
                 a
                 sheathed
                 (
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 a
                 Wood-sheathed
                 )
                 Ship
                 of
                 his
                 Majesty's
                 ,
                 where
                 under
                 the
                 protection
                 of
                 such
                 sheathing
                 ,
                 Ships
                 Iron-work
                 has
                 been
                 reckoned
                 the
                 best
                 secured
                 against
                 Corrosion
                 ;
                 yet
                 even
                 in
                 this
                 case
                 will
                 your
                 Lordships
                 find
                 upon
                 the
                 forenamed
                 
                   Happy
                   Return
                
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 her
                 Iron-work
                 eaten
                 to
                 pieces
                 ,
                 and
                 particularly
                 her
                 Bolts
                 from
                 Stem
                 to
                 Stern
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Company
                 therefore
                 being
                 in
                 no
                 kind
                 desirous
                 that
                 his
                 Majesty
                 should
                 be
                 under
                 any
                 Obligation
                 ,
                 of
                 serving
                 himself
                 with
                 their
                 Invention
                 ,
                 longer
                 than
                 it
                 shall
                 appear
                 as
                 safe
                 to
                 his
                 Service
                 and
                 Ships
                 in
                 this
                 particular
                 of
                 Iron-work
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 has
                 proved
                 it self
                 Superiour
                 to
                 that
                 of
                 Wood
                 in
                 every
                 other
                 circumstance
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 being
                 to
                 that
                 purpose
                 most
                 willing
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 same
                 determined
                 by
                 the
                 difference
                 that
                 shall
                 be
                 found
                 between
                 the
                 Charge
                 his
                 Majesty
                 has
                 been
                 at
                 for
                 Iron-work
                 for
                 any
                 number
                 of
                 years
                 backward
                 upon
                 unsheathed
                 ,
                 or
                 Wood-sheathed
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 sheathed
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 where
                 
                 the
                 work
                 thereof
                 in
                 their
                 sheathing
                 and
                 fitting
                 forth
                 has
                 in
                 other
                 respects
                 been
                 performed
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 ordinary
                 care
                 ,
                 and
                 observation
                 of
                 the
                 common
                 practice
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 come
                 now
                 to
                 offer
                 to
                 your
                 Lordships
                 that
                 which
                 (
                 and
                 which
                 only
                 )
                 can
                 give
                 you
                 a
                 full
                 ,
                 easie
                 ,
                 and
                 uncontrollable
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Truth
                 in
                 this
                 matter
                 ,
                 namely
                 ,
                 Your
                 Order
                 to
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 directing
                 a
                 thorough
                 and
                 impartial
                 Inspection
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 into
                 the
                 Books
                 of
                 the
                 several
                 Yards
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 particular
                 Account
                 drawn
                 thereout
                 ,
                 of
                 what
                 new
                 Rudder-Irons
                 ,
                 Bolts
                 ,
                 &c.
                 have
                 been
                 for
                 ten
                 or
                 twelve
                 years
                 last
                 past
                 furnished
                 to
                 any
                 of
                 his
                 Majesty's
                 Ships
                 ,
                 mentioning
                 the
                 Names
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 distinct
                 times
                 of
                 such
                 their
                 supplies
                 ,
                 distinguishing
                 also
                 between
                 such
                 thereof
                 as
                 were
                 wholly
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 were
                 but
                 in
                 part
                 supplied
                 with
                 
                   new
                   Rudder-Irons
                
                 ,
                 and
                 mentioning
                 (
                 in
                 the
                 latter
                 case
                 )
                 how
                 many
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Irons
                 they
                 were
                 ;
                 with
                 a
                 Report
                 of
                 the
                 result
                 thereof
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 to
                 your
                 Lordships
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 shall
                 be
                 prepared
                 ,
                 and
                 mutually
                 accorded
                 to
                 (
                 for
                 its
                 Truth
                 )
                 between
                 the
                 said
                 Officers
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 Company
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 nothing
                 more
                 now
                 to
                 add
                 on
                 this
                 Subject
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 observing
                 to
                 your
                 Lordships
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 it
                 pleased
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 to
                 have
                 contributed
                 their
                 furtherance
                 to
                 the
                 searching
                 out
                 the
                 Truth
                 in
                 this
                 Cause
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 zeal
                 equal
                 to
                 what
                 this
                 Company
                 have
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 their
                 understandings
                 ever
                 endeavoured
                 to
                 express
                 towards
                 it
                 ,
                 this
                 work
                 (
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 that
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 
                 Smith's
                 )
                 had
                 been
                 at
                 
                 this
                 day
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 they
                 having
                 made
                 the
                 same
                 overture
                 to
                 the
                 Lords
                 and
                 them
                 ,
                 touching
                 this
                 very
                 Expedient
                 of
                 examining
                 their
                 Books
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 in
                 1678.
                 and
                 prevailed
                 at
                 length
                 with
                 the
                 said
                 Officers
                 to
                 issue
                 Orders
                 to
                 the
                 several
                 Yards
                 suitable
                 to
                 this
                 Proposal
                 ;
                 but
                 with
                 what
                 success
                 ,
                 we
                 humbly
                 crave
                 your
                 Lordships
                 to
                 receive
                 your
                 satisfaction
                 from
                 themselves
                 ,
                 whose
                 producing
                 the
                 Returns
                 thereof
                 from
                 the
                 Yards
                 ,
                 (
                 if
                 made
                 )
                 would
                 at
                 one
                 view
                 have
                 helped
                 your
                 Lordships
                 to
                 what
                 must
                 be
                 owned
                 by
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 only
                 ,
                 secure
                 ,
                 clear
                 and
                 effectual
                 means
                 of
                 determining
                 this
                 Controversie
                 ,
                 without
                 either
                 creating
                 to
                 your
                 Lordships
                 ,
                 or
                 continuing
                 upon
                 themselves
                 and
                 us
                 ,
                 the
                 trouble
                 attending
                 this
                 tedious
                 method
                 of
                 Dispute
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 ,
                 
                   My
                   Lords
                
                 ,
                 that
                 while
                 we
                 speak
                 of
                 tedious
                 ,
                 we
                 may
                 render
                 what
                 we
                 are
                 now
                 doing
                 ,
                 as
                 little
                 so
                 to
                 your
                 Lordships
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Matter
                 put
                 into
                 our
                 hands
                 ,
                 and
                 our
                 Desires
                 after
                 his
                 Majesty's
                 and
                 your
                 Lordships
                 Satisfaction
                 will
                 permit
                 ;
                 we
                 shall
                 now
                 betake
                 our selves
                 to
                 the
                 last
                 Article
                 of
                 our
                 purpose
                 in
                 this
                 Paper
                 ,
                 namely
                 ,
                 the
                 opening
                 so
                 to
                 your
                 Lordships
                 a
                 no
                 less
                 certain
                 view
                 of
                 a
                 Cure
                 ,
                 than
                 we
                 hope
                 to
                 have
                 now
                 done
                 of
                 the
                 true
                 Means
                 of
                 right
                 discovering
                 the
                 Disease
                 :
                 For
                 ,
                 My
                 Lords
                 ,
                 however
                 astonishing
                 the
                 Gentlemen
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 seem
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 Ships
                 abandoned
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 above
                 mentioned
                 neglects
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 arts
                 of
                 ruine
                 ,
                 should
                 in
                 length
                 of
                 Time
                 arrive
                 at
                 such
                 a
                 state
                 of
                 weakness
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 suspected
                 in
                 their
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 support
                 themselves
                 above
                 water
                 ;
                 We
                 cannot
                 but
                 hold
                 
                 it
                 a
                 Subject
                 much
                 more
                 fit
                 for
                 Wonder
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 who
                 under
                 the
                 Lord
                 High
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 are
                 by
                 the
                 Crown
                 made
                 the
                 first
                 and
                 principal
                 Curators
                 of
                 the
                 Health
                 and
                 Safety
                 of
                 its
                 Ships
                 ,
                 should
                 not
                 only
                 content
                 themselves
                 for
                 several
                 years
                 together
                 ,
                 in
                 joyning
                 with
                 the
                 Cry
                 against
                 an
                 Evil
                 ,
                 they
                 describe
                 in
                 Terms
                 so
                 frightful
                 ,
                 without
                 making
                 in
                 all
                 that
                 time
                 any
                 one
                 offer
                 ,
                 or
                 seeming
                 step
                 towards
                 its
                 Remedy
                 ,
                 but
                 publish
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 a
                 
                   neglect
                   ,
                   contempt
                
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavour
                 of
                 Discouraging
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 direct
                 withstanding
                 whatever
                 was
                 proposed
                 to
                 that
                 purpose
                 by
                 any
                 others
                 ,
                 as
                 may
                 appear
                 ,
              
               
                 (
                 1.
                 )
                 From
                 their
                 open
                 patronizing
                 every
                 of
                 the
                 Objections
                 and
                 Difficulties
                 that
                 this
                 Invention
                 has
                 from
                 the
                 beginning
                 had
                 to
                 contend
                 with
                 ,
                 though
                 so
                 groundless
                 ,
                 that
                 not
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 is
                 now
                 thought
                 fit
                 to
                 be
                 remembred
                 in
                 this
                 their
                 Report
                 to
                 your
                 Lordships
                 Inquisition
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Complaints
                 made
                 against
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 (
                 2.
                 )
                 From
                 the
                 manifest
                 Industry
                 wherewith
                 (
                 when
                 time
                 was
                 )
                 they
                 laboured
                 to
                 expose
                 it
                 ,
                 by
                 an
                 application
                 of
                 it
                 upon
                 the
                 Eagle
                 ,
                 and
                 serving
                 themselves
                 at
                 her
                 return
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 success
                 of
                 their
                 so
                 doing
                 ,
                 towards
                 verifying
                 their
                 former
                 declaiming
                 against
                 its
                 sufficiencies
                 ,
                 viz.
                 The
                 Condition
                 it
                 now
                 came
                 home
                 in
                 upon
                 this
                 Ship
                 all
                 cracked
                 ,
                 and
                 rent
                 from
                 Stem
                 to
                 Stern
                 ;
                 whereas
                 the
                 ingenuity
                 of
                 their
                 dealing
                 with
                 us
                 in
                 this
                 particular
                 ,
                 had
                 the
                 misfortune
                 of
                 being
                 first
                 discovered
                 by
                 the
                 KING
                 himself
                 ,
                 upon
                 a
                 personal
                 view
                 he
                 was
                 pleased
                 to
                 take
                 thereof
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 therein
                 observing
                 
                 the
                 said
                 Ships
                 being
                 by
                 age
                 become
                 so
                 decrepit
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 home
                 by
                 her
                 Company
                 with
                 her
                 whole
                 Body
                 woulded
                 about
                 with
                 Hawsers
                 for
                 preventing
                 her
                 very
                 sides
                 falling
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 Bottom
                 dropping
                 into
                 the
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
                 (
                 3.
                 )
                 From
                 their
                 violation
                 of
                 every
                 of
                 the
                 Orders
                 heretofore
                 mentioned
                 of
                 his
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 and
                 Lords
                 of
                 the
                 Admiralty
                 relating
                 to
                 this
                 Affair
                 ,
                 one
                 forbidding
                 (
                 above
                 nine
                 years
                 since
                 )
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 method
                 of
                 Sheathing
                 ,
                 than
                 this
                 of
                 Lead
                 ,
                 without
                 
                   special
                   Order
                
                 ;
                 whereas
                 the
                 contrary
                 has
                 been
                 practised
                 by
                 them
                 in
                 many
                 Instances
                 .
                 Another
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 sheathing
                 
                   two
                   Ships
                
                 ,
                 one
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 with
                 wood
                 ,
                 in
                 express
                 order
                 to
                 a
                 Proof
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 (
                 upon
                 some
                 difference
                 in
                 Opinion
                 between
                 themselves
                 and
                 one
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 number
                 )
                 touching
                 the
                 good
                 quality
                 of
                 their
                 
                   Rudder-Irons
                   :
                   A
                   Third
                
                 for
                 doing
                 the
                 like
                 to
                 the
                 Norwich
                 ,
                 with
                 Directions
                 to
                 imploy
                 such
                 Rudder-Irons
                 thereon
                 ,
                 as
                 should
                 be
                 provided
                 by
                 this
                 Company
                 :
                 And
                 a
                 Fourth
                 (
                 inculcated
                 within
                 few
                 dayes
                 by
                 a
                 Fifth
                 )
                 forbidding
                 the
                 whole
                 use
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 Rudder-Irons
                 upon
                 Lead-sheathed
                 Ships
                 ,
                 than
                 of
                 this
                 Company
                 's
                 furnishing
                 :
                 But
                 with
                 so
                 little
                 regard
                 ever
                 paid
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 that
                 rather
                 than
                 any
                 Order
                 ,
                 or
                 even
                 the
                 most
                 Essential
                 Rules
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 should
                 stand
                 in
                 the
                 way
                 of
                 their
                 prejudice
                 to
                 this
                 Invention
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 taken
                 upon
                 themselves
                 the
                 sending
                 into
                 the
                 mouth
                 of
                 the
                 Worm
                 no
                 small
                 number
                 both
                 of
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 of
                 his
                 Majesty's
                 Ships
                 naked
                 in
                 their
                 Hulls
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 security
                 against
                 the
                 worst
                 effects
                 thereof
                 ;
                 which
                 ,
                 what
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 ,
                 your
                 Lordships
                 will
                 more
                 properly
                 be
                 
                 informed
                 in
                 ,
                 upon
                 their
                 Return
                 home
                 and
                 Ransacking
                 from
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 ,
                 than
                 from
                 this
                 Company
                 ;
                 some
                 of
                 whose
                 Experience
                 nevertheless
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 present
                 Advice
                 they
                 have
                 received
                 from
                 abroad
                 ,
                 will
                 justifie
                 their
                 saying
                 thus
                 much
                 before
                 hand
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 Effects
                 will
                 be
                 found
                 of
                 many
                 times
                 
                   more
                   Charge
                
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 than
                 all
                 that
                 the
                 Complaint
                 now
                 before
                 your
                 Lordships
                 concerning
                 Rudder-Irons
                 can
                 be
                 made
                 to
                 amount
                 to
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 ,
                 (
                 My
                 Lords
                 ,
                 )
                 As
                 these
                 Proceedings
                 have
                 not
                 heretofore
                 ,
                 neither
                 shall
                 they
                 now
                 discourage
                 this
                 Company
                 from
                 a
                 free
                 Discharge
                 of
                 their
                 Duty
                 ,
                 by
                 opening
                 whatever
                 Conceptions
                 of
                 theirs
                 they
                 think
                 reasonably
                 grounded
                 towards
                 the
                 Remedying
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 Right
                 understanding
                 the
                 Original
                 of
                 the
                 Evil
                 laboured
                 under
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Remedy
                 both
                 Obvious
                 ,
                 Easie
                 ,
                 Effectual
                 ,
                 and
                 next
                 to
                 being
                 of
                 no
                 Charge
                 ,
                 we
                 take
                 our selves
                 to
                 be
                 Masters
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 shall
                 lead
                 your
                 Lordships
                 to
                 the
                 concurring
                 with
                 us
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 few
                 steps
                 ,
                 or
                 Reflections
                 following
                 ,
                 viz.
                 
              
               
                 First
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 only
                 competent
                 and
                 allowed
                 Defence
                 of
                 Ships
                 against
                 the
                 Worm
                 ,
                 before
                 this
                 of
                 Lead-sheathing
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 paying
                 the
                 Hulls
                 from
                 the
                 Waters
                 edge
                 downwards
                 with
                 Stuff
                 ,
                 and
                 laying
                 the
                 inside
                 of
                 a
                 Sheathing-board
                 (
                 from
                 inch
                 and
                 quarter
                 to
                 three
                 quarters
                 thick
                 )
                 all
                 over
                 with
                 Tarr
                 and
                 Hair
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 over
                 the
                 forementioned
                 Stuff
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 well
                 nailed
                 ,
                 Graving
                 or
                 Paying
                 the
                 outside
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Board
                 all
                 over
                 with
                 another
                 Composition
                 of
                 Brimstone
                 ,
                 
                 Oyl
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Ingredients
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 called
                 Wood-sheathing
                 .
              
               
                 Concerning
                 which
                 ,
                 however
                 united
                 the
                 Opinion
                 of
                 us
                 .
                 English
                 Men
                 may
                 be
                 thought
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 touching
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 it
                 seems
                 to
                 this
                 Company
                 grounded
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 upon
                 the
                 real
                 Perfection
                 thereof
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Profit
                 that
                 attends
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Builders
                 interested
                 in
                 the
                 working
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 consequently
                 ,
                 leaving
                 them
                 under
                 no
                 temptation
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 look
                 out
                 for
                 a
                 better
                 themselves
                 ,
                 or
                 give
                 encouragement
                 to
                 any
                 discoveries
                 made
                 towards
                 it
                 by
                 others
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 that
                 indeed
                 the
                 so
                 universal
                 Reception
                 given
                 to
                 Wood-sheathing
                 ,
                 is
                 rather
                 due
                 to
                 this
                 ,
                 than
                 its
                 own
                 real
                 sufficiency
                 ,
                 your
                 Lordships
                 will
                 be
                 Judges
                 of
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 following
                 Notes
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 That
                 if
                 not
                 the
                 most
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 the
                 most
                 essential
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Ingredients
                 employed
                 in
                 that
                 method
                 of
                 Sheathing
                 ,
                 are
                 of
                 
                   Forreign
                   growth
                
                 ;
                 which
                 we
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 the
                 Nationality
                 of
                 its
                 Argument
                 ,
                 (
                 though
                 yet
                 that
                 is
                 such
                 as
                 the
                 Parliaments
                 of
                 England
                 have
                 ever
                 laid
                 great
                 weight
                 upon
                 in
                 all
                 their
                 Deliberations
                 upon
                 Trade
                 ,
                 and
                 particularly
                 in
                 the
                 Act
                 relating
                 to
                 this
                 very
                 Invention
                 ,
                 )
                 but
                 from
                 a
                 Consideration
                 which
                 the
                 Books
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 sufficiently
                 confirm
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 ,
                 viz.
                 That
                 being
                 Forraign
                 ,
                 such
                 has
                 sometimes
                 been
                 the
                 scarcity
                 thereof
                 here
                 ,
                 (
                 even
                 when
                 their
                 use
                 has
                 been
                 most
                 wanted
                 ,
                 )
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 either
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 had
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 Prizes
                 much
                 exceeding
                 the
                 ordinary
                 Market
                 .
              
               
               
                 2.
                 
                 That
                 the
                 said
                 Wood-sheathing
                 hath
                 been
                 always
                 observed
                 and
                 confessed
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 apt
                 to
                 gather
                 Filth
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 no
                 less
                 uneasieness
                 when
                 fouled
                 to
                 be
                 thoroughly
                 cleansed
                 again
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 That
                 from
                 its
                 roughness
                 and
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 Nail-heads
                 standing
                 out
                 from
                 the
                 Ships
                 sides
                 or
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 Ships
                 sheathed
                 with
                 Wood
                 have
                 ever
                 been
                 complained
                 of
                 ,
                 as
                 lessened
                 thereby
                 in
                 that
                 only
                 quality
                 upon
                 which
                 our
                 Friggats
                 most
                 value
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 their
                 Service
                 in
                 preference
                 to
                 others
                 calculated
                 from
                 ,
                 namely
                 ,
                 That
                 of
                 their
                 Sailing
                 ;
                 for
                 proof
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 your
                 Lordships
                 have
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 Evidence
                 lately
                 mentioned
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 Officers
                 ,
                 choosing
                 to
                 send
                 
                   naked
                   Ships
                
                 to
                 the
                 Streights
                 ,
                 when
                 with
                 as
                 little
                 violence
                 to
                 practice
                 and
                 order
                 ,
                 they
                 might
                 have
                 sent
                 them
                 so
                 sheathed
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 general
                 application
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 heretofore
                 made
                 to
                 his
                 Royal
                 Highness
                 ,
                 then
                 Lord
                 High
                 Admiral
                 of
                 England
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Flag-Officers
                 and
                 Commanders
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 designed
                 under
                 Sir
                 
                   Thomas
                   Allen
                
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 remember
                 )
                 against
                 the
                 Turks
                 ,
                 advising
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 his
                 Majesty
                 would
                 expect
                 any
                 success
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Fleet
                 against
                 that
                 People
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 let
                 his
                 Ships
                 go
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 virtue
                 of
                 Sailing
                 about
                 them
                 undiminished
                 by
                 sheathing
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 (
                 from
                 former
                 Experience
                 of
                 the
                 Turks
                 out-doing
                 us
                 that
                 way
                 )
                 taught
                 ,
                 that
                 without
                 this
                 ,
                 nothing
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 hoped
                 for
                 of
                 Advantage
                 to
                 be
                 gained
                 upon
                 them
                 ;
                 which
                 Advice
                 of
                 theirs
                 was
                 urged
                 so
                 pressingly
                 ,
                 and
                 justified
                 so
                 fully
                 ,
                 that
                 both
                 his
                 
                   Royal
                   Highness
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 then
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 
                 concurred
                 with
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 (
                 in
                 the
                 Council
                 thereupon
                 given
                 his
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 pursued
                 )
                 rather
                 of
                 exposing
                 the
                 Hulls
                 of
                 his
                 Ships
                 to
                 the
                 worst
                 Effects
                 of
                 the
                 Worm
                 ,
                 than
                 hazard
                 the
                 loss
                 both
                 of
                 their
                 whole
                 Service
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 own
                 Honour
                 by
                 sheathing
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 disabling
                 them
                 in
                 this
                 their
                 best
                 quality
                 of
                 Sailing
                 .
              
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 Which
                 being
                 so
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 therefore
                 (
                 besides
                 these
                 plain
                 and
                 important
                 Imperfections
                 in
                 Wood-sheathing
                 )
                 the
                 only
                 Remedy
                 hitherto
                 thought
                 on
                 ,
                 has
                 been
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 his
                 Majesty's
                 Ships
                 to
                 the
                 mercy
                 of
                 the
                 Worm
                 ,
                 by
                 sending
                 them
                 abroad
                 wholly
                 unprovided
                 of
                 any
                 Fence
                 against
                 them
                 :
                 This
                 Company
                 takes
                 leave
                 in
                 the
                 next
                 place
                 humbly
                 to
                 recommend
                 to
                 your
                 Lordships
                 the
                 requiring
                 from
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 an
                 impartial
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 condition
                 wherein
                 the
                 Ships
                 of
                 that
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Sir
                 Thomas
                 Allen's
                 brought
                 home
                 their
                 Hulls
                 notwithstanding
                 all
                 the
                 mighty
                 professions
                 then
                 made
                 by
                 their
                 Commanders
                 of
                 the
                 care
                 that
                 should
                 be
                 taken
                 in
                 the
                 frequent
                 turning
                 up
                 of
                 their
                 Bottoms
                 ,
                 and
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 long
                 Scrubbing-brushes
                 ,
                 then
                 first
                 devised
                 and
                 introduced
                 into
                 the
                 Navy
                 for
                 the
                 easier
                 reaching
                 towards
                 their
                 Keeles
                 in
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 them
                 clean
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 for
                 whatever
                 issue
                 your
                 Lordships
                 are
                 to
                 expect
                 from
                 the
                 late
                 Liberty
                 taken
                 by
                 these
                 Gentlemen
                 of
                 doing
                 the
                 like
                 on
                 other
                 Ships
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 yet
                 too
                 soon
                 for
                 your
                 Lordships
                 to
                 expect
                 any
                 certain
                 Account
                 thereof
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 a
                 Matter
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 before
                 
                 they
                 are
                 brought
                 in
                 and
                 searched
                 ;
                 Yet
                 we
                 cannot
                 think
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 reckoned
                 any
                 ill
                 measure
                 for
                 your
                 Lordships
                 to
                 frame
                 your
                 Expectations
                 by
                 therein
                 ,
                 to
                 consider
                 the
                 single
                 case
                 of
                 the
                 Rupert
                 in
                 her
                 last
                 Voyage
                 to
                 the
                 Streights
                 ,
                 under
                 Captain
                 Herbert
                 ,
                 which
                 Ship
                 in
                 lieu
                 of
                 being
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Kings
                 Order
                 sheathed
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 was
                 by
                 the
                 said
                 Officers
                 Advice
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Undertaking
                 of
                 her
                 Commander
                 for
                 the
                 frequency
                 of
                 her
                 cleaning
                 ,
                 sent
                 away
                 naked
                 (
                 saving
                 in
                 her
                 Keel
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 Leaded
                 )
                 with
                 this
                 success
                 ,
                 that
                 besides
                 the
                 Apprehensions
                 Captain
                 Herbert
                 was
                 under
                 concerning
                 her
                 ,
                 even
                 while
                 in
                 the
                 Streights
                 ,
                 upon
                 what
                 was
                 then
                 discovered
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 Worm
                 ,
                 putting
                 him
                 upon
                 thoughts
                 (
                 had
                 it
                 been
                 practicable
                 )
                 of
                 shifting
                 her
                 Garble-strake
                 there
                 ;
                 The
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 are
                 well
                 able
                 to
                 inform
                 your
                 Lordships
                 ,
                 that
                 (
                 notwithstanding
                 all
                 that
                 promised
                 care
                 of
                 Captain
                 Herbert
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 own
                 presumptions
                 thereon
                 )
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 no
                 small
                 charge
                 to
                 his
                 Majesty
                 to
                 make
                 good
                 the
                 damage
                 she
                 brought
                 home
                 by
                 Worm-eating
                 .
              
               
                 What
                 then
                 remains
                 after
                 this
                 that
                 has
                 been
                 said
                 ,
                 and
                 lies
                 so
                 easily
                 within
                 your
                 Lordships
                 proving
                 ,
                 touching
                 the
                 Imperfections
                 of
                 both
                 these
                 Methods
                 of
                 Sheathing
                 Ships
                 with
                 Wood
                 ,
                 and
                 exposing
                 them
                 to
                 Sea
                 without
                 any
                 Sheathing
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 waiting
                 for
                 some
                 Fourth
                 ,
                 not
                 yet
                 heard
                 of
                 ,
                 or
                 continuing
                 this
                 Third
                 under
                 debate
                 ,
                 of
                 Sheathing
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 nothing
                 is
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 pretended
                 to
                 ,
                 in
                 Objection
                 by
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 themselves
                 ,
                 but
                 this
                 of
                 its
                 supposed
                 Influence
                 upon
                 Iron-work
                 ,
                 as
                 very
                 well
                 knowing
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 no
                 room
                 is
                 left
                 for
                 the
                 least
                 such
                 Pretenc●
                 upon
                 any
                 one
                 head
                 of
                 what
                 has
                 been
                 ever
                 suggested
                 to
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 those
                 particular
                 points
                 of
                 Imperfections
                 ,
                 wherein
                 that
                 of
                 Wood-sheathing
                 ,
                 and
                 sending
                 of
                 Ships
                 abroad
                 unsheathed
                 ,
                 appears
                 (
                 as
                 before
                 )
                 to
                 remain
                 yet
                 chargeable
                 ;
                 England
                 being
                 never
                 to
                 be
                 supposed
                 unfurnished
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 as
                 bearing
                 it
                 within
                 its
                 own
                 Bowels
                 ;
                 Nor
                 any
                 Complaint
                 hitherto
                 heard
                 of
                 ,
                 either
                 of
                 its
                 being
                 in
                 any
                 degree
                 so
                 apt
                 to
                 foul
                 ,
                 or
                 difficult
                 to
                 clean
                 as
                 Wood
                 ,
                 Nor
                 lastly
                 ,
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 one
                 suggestion
                 ever
                 made
                 of
                 its
                 injuring
                 Ships
                 in
                 their
                 quality
                 of
                 Sailing
                 ;
                 but
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 are
                 ready
                 in
                 all
                 humility
                 to
                 make
                 our
                 Appeal
                 to
                 his
                 Majesty
                 himself
                 ,
                 whether
                 the
                 Harwich
                 sent
                 in
                 her
                 Lead-sheathing
                 ,
                 Anno
                 1677.
                 under
                 Captain
                 Killigrew
                 to
                 the
                 Streights
                 ,
                 and
                 hurried
                 out
                 from
                 Chatham
                 under
                 the
                 disadvantage
                 of
                 not
                 being
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 Tallowed
                 ,
                 suffered
                 any
                 thing
                 from
                 her
                 said
                 sheathing
                 ,
                 in
                 her
                 virtue
                 of
                 Sailing
                 ;
                 or
                 did
                 not
                 outgo
                 all
                 (
                 both
                 Ships
                 and
                 Yatchs
                 )
                 that
                 were
                 then
                 attending
                 the
                 King
                 with
                 her
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 passage
                 to
                 the
                 Westward
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 of
                 what
                 satisfaction
                 can
                 this
                 (
                 say
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 )
                 be
                 ,
                 if
                 one
                 Evil
                 superiour
                 to
                 all
                 those
                 Good
                 qualities
                 (
                 for
                 so
                 they
                 understand
                 this
                 about
                 the
                 Iron-work
                 to
                 be
                 )
                 remains
                 unremoved
                 ?
              
               
                 To
                 which
                 ,
                 (
                 My
                 Lords
                 )
                 we
                 come
                 now
                 to
                 Answer
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 so
                 doing
                 to
                 open
                 to
                 your
                 Lordships
                 what
                 this
                 Company
                 takes
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 most
                 natural
                 ,
                 easie
                 ,
                 and
                 thorough
                 Remedy
                 thereto
                 ,
                 even
                 though
                 it
                 were
                 possible
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 believe
                 ,
                 and
                 doubt
                 not
                 upon
                 proof
                 of
                 what
                 is
                 here
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 said
                 of
                 your
                 Lordships
                 believing
                 also
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 )
                 that
                 this
                 suggestion
                 of
                 the
                 noxiousness
                 of
                 Lead
                 to
                 Iron-work
                 were
                 true
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 this
                 your
                 Lordships
                 may
                 please
                 to
                 take
                 from
                 us
                 in
                 these
                 few
                 following
                 considerations
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 That
                 after
                 all
                 the
                 noise
                 that
                 has
                 been
                 made
                 of
                 the
                 damage
                 sustained
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 from
                 this
                 untimely
                 consumption
                 of
                 his
                 Ships
                 Rudder-Irons
                 ,
                 his
                 full
                 charge
                 for
                 a
                 whole
                 set
                 of
                 them
                 for
                 a
                 Ship
                 of
                 each
                 of
                 those
                 Rates
                 upon
                 which
                 Sheathing
                 is
                 ordinarily
                 used
                 ,
                 viz.
                 from
                 a
                 Third
                 Rate
                 downwards
                 ,
                 will
                 not
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 exceed
                 the
                 values
                 following
                 ,
                 viz.
                 
              
               
                 
                   
                     
                        
                    
                     
                       Rate
                       .
                    
                     
                       First
                       cost
                       .
                    
                     
                       Value
                       of
                       Returns
                       .
                    
                     
                       Clear
                       charge
                       .
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       For
                       a
                       Ship
                       of
                       the
                    
                     
                       3
                    
                     
                       15
                       10
                       0.
                       
                    
                     
                       5
                       13
                       0.
                       
                    
                     
                       9
                       17
                       0
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       4
                    
                     
                       9
                       18
                       0.
                       
                    
                     
                       4
                       4
                       0.
                       
                    
                     
                       5
                       14
                       0
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       5
                    
                     
                       6
                       4
                       0.
                       
                    
                     
                       2
                       10
                       0.
                       
                    
                     
                       3
                       8
                       0
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       6
                    
                     
                       4
                       10
                       0.
                       
                    
                     
                       2
                       2
                       0.
                       
                    
                     
                       2
                       8
                       0
                    
                  
                
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 That
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Report
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 Officers
                 themselves
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Schedule
                 of
                 Complaints
                 attending
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 has
                 been
                 ●bserved
                 by
                 us
                 therein
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 evident
                 that
                 the
                 
                   shortest
                   Time
                
                 to
                 be
                 supposed
                 for
                 the
                 ordinary
                 ▪
                 duration
                 of
                 Rudder-Irons
                 in
                 Lead-sheathed
                 Ships
                 ,
                 is
                 two
                 years
                 and
                 an
                 half
                 ,
                 or
                 three
                 years
                 ,
                 within
                 which
                 time
                 no
                 Ship
                 of
                 his
                 Majesty's
                 was
                 ever
                 known
                 ,
                 or
                 can
                 be
                 supposed
                 to
                 want
                 an
                 opportunity
                 of
                 Grounding
                 or
                 Docking
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 That
                 (
                 besides
                 the
                 other
                 great
                 advantage
                 
                 of
                 cheapness
                 which
                 Lead-sheathing
                 must
                 be
                 owned
                 to
                 have
                 above
                 that
                 of
                 Wood
                 )
                 the
                 Prices
                 in
                 this
                 Table
                 (
                 were
                 they
                 of
                 ten
                 times
                 the
                 value
                 )
                 would
                 not
                 bring
                 the
                 charge
                 of
                 Rudder-Irons
                 to
                 any
                 equality
                 of
                 consideration
                 with
                 the
                 Evils
                 lately
                 recounted
                 in
                 both
                 the
                 other
                 methods
                 of
                 Sheathing
                 with
                 Wood
                 ,
                 or
                 not
                 sheathing
                 at
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 And
                 that
                 therefore
                 in
                 the
                 last
                 place
                 ,
                 forasmuch
                 as
                 universal
                 consent
                 and
                 practice
                 allows
                 the
                 laying
                 them
                 with
                 Tarr
                 and
                 Hair
                 under
                 Lead
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 certain
                 security
                 to
                 Ships
                 Iron-works
                 under
                 water
                 against
                 Rust
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 for
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 concerns
                 their
                 Bolts
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 therefore
                 the
                 only
                 thing
                 we
                 seem
                 now
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 care
                 for
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 supplying
                 the
                 Consumption
                 that
                 may
                 happen
                 during
                 the
                 Voyage
                 in
                 their
                 Rudder-Irons
                 ,
                 which
                 (
                 were
                 fresh
                 ones
                 in
                 the
                 way
                 )
                 no
                 Ship
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 already
                 shewn
                 ,
                 )
                 can
                 at
                 her
                 Grounding
                 or
                 Docking
                 want
                 opportunities
                 of
                 doing
                 by
                 shifting
                 them
                 ;
                 what
                 then
                 (
                 in
                 one
                 word
                 )
                 can
                 be
                 more
                 demonstrable
                 than
                 that
                 a
                 
                   spare
                   Set
                
                 thereof
                 sent
                 to
                 Sea
                 with
                 every
                 Lead-sheathed
                 Ship
                 (
                 answerable
                 to
                 what
                 is
                 daily
                 done
                 in
                 materials
                 of
                 much
                 greater
                 charge
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 uses
                 of
                 less
                 consequence
                 )
                 is
                 a
                 no
                 less
                 easie
                 than
                 ready
                 and
                 
                   Effectual
                   Remedy
                
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 damage
                 that
                 can
                 be
                 apprehended
                 incident
                 to
                 a
                 Ship
                 upon
                 this
                 head
                 of
                 Rudder-Irons
                 in
                 any
                 Voyage
                 not
                 exceeding
                 five
                 or
                 six
                 years
                 continuance
                 .
              
               
                 Nor
                 (
                 may
                 it
                 please
                 your
                 Lordships
                 )
                 do
                 we
                 offer
                 this
                 as
                 a
                 new
                 Resort
                 whereto
                 this
                 Report
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 Officers
                 may
                 be
                 thought
                 to
                 have
                 driven
                 us
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 ;
                 Forasmuch
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 what
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Terms
                 this
                 Company
                 
                 proposed
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 1678
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 then
                 Lords
                 of
                 the
                 Admiralty
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 ,
                 when
                 upon
                 the
                 like
                 considerations
                 then
                 urged
                 ,
                 their
                 Lordships
                 were
                 pleased
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 approve
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 their
                 express
                 Order
                 of
                 the
                 12th
                 of
                 April
                 in
                 that
                 year
                 ,
                 to
                 require
                 the
                 said
                 Officers
                 (
                 amongst
                 other
                 things
                 )
                 to
                 receive
                 from
                 this
                 Company
                 such
                 Rudder-Irons
                 as
                 should
                 be
                 by
                 them
                 provided
                 ,
                 upon
                 a
                 Proposition
                 they
                 had
                 then
                 made
                 of
                 furnishing
                 his
                 Majesty's
                 Lead-sheathed
                 Ships
                 with
                 that
                 Commodity
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 for
                 their
                 present
                 use
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 their
                 Sheathing
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 a
                 Reserve
                 to
                 answer
                 accidents
                 during
                 their
                 Voyages
                 .
              
               
                 Which
                 Order
                 (
                 if
                 executed
                 )
                 must
                 have
                 long
                 agoe
                 with
                 little
                 charge
                 ,
                 and
                 less
                 trouble
                 ,
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 this
                 clamorous
                 Evil
                 ,
                 (
                 wherever
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 it
                 should
                 at
                 length
                 have
                 been
                 found
                 to
                 lye
                 )
                 and
                 would
                 (
                 by
                 preventing
                 the
                 great
                 damages
                 his
                 Majesty
                 is
                 supposed
                 to
                 have
                 sustained
                 from
                 it
                 ,
                 )
                 have
                 furnished
                 the
                 said
                 Officers
                 with
                 a
                 much
                 better
                 Expedient
                 of
                 testifying
                 their
                 regards
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Service
                 :
                 Their
                 Duty
                 to
                 your
                 Lordships
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Lords
                 your
                 Predecessors
                 ;
                 Their
                 heedfulness
                 to
                 the
                 Established
                 Methods
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 own
                 parts
                 declared
                 therein
                 :
                 And
                 lastly
                 ,
                 their
                 good
                 will
                 to
                 these
                 the
                 humble
                 Endeavours
                 and
                 early
                 Proposals
                 of
                 this
                 Company
                 for
                 the
                 Service
                 of
                 his
                 Majesty
                 on
                 this
                 occasion
                 ,
                 than
                 thus
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 Failures
                 ,
                 first
                 not
                 to
                 prevent
                 these
                 Damages
                 ,
                 next
                 to
                 prolong
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 to
                 complain
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                       
                         COMPLAINTS
                         .
                      
                       
                         An
                         Account
                         of
                         the
                         Defects
                         of
                         his
                         Majesties
                         Ships
                         which
                         have
                         been
                         sheathed
                         with
                         Lead
                         .
                         
                      
                       
                         
                           Dreadnought
                           ,
                        
                         
                           SHeathed
                           1671
                           ,
                           Tallowed
                           at
                           Portsmouth
                           ,
                           6
                           Iune
                           1677
                           ,
                           and
                           the
                           Pintels
                           and
                           Gudgeons
                           of
                           her
                           Rudder-Irons
                           (
                           which
                           were
                           all
                           new
                           about
                           a
                           year
                           and
                           an
                           half
                           before
                           ,
                           and
                           the
                           Ship
                           not
                           out
                           of
                           Harbour
                           since
                           )
                           very
                           much
                           eaten
                           and
                           consumed
                           ,
                           and
                           not
                           to
                           be
                           trusted
                           at
                           Sea
                           ,
                           unless
                           for
                           a
                           short
                           tripp
                           ,
                           and
                           the
                           Swiftsures
                           that
                           was
                           graved
                           at
                           the
                           same
                           time
                           ,
                           
                           her
                           Rudder-Irons
                           firm
                           and
                           sound
                           ,
                           and
                           not
                           in
                           the
                           least
                           consumed
                           ,
                           though
                           much
                           longer
                           on
                           .
                           See
                           Sir
                           
                             Iohn
                             Kempthorns
                          
                           Letter
                           ,
                           Iune
                           1677.
                           
                        
                         
                           She
                           was
                           again
                           haled
                           on
                           Shore
                           to
                           clean
                           ,
                           8
                           October
                           ,
                           1682.
                           
                           and
                           her
                           Bolts
                           found
                           totally
                           eaten
                           away
                           ,
                           as
                           well
                           as
                           the
                           Spikes
                           and
                           Iron-works
                           of
                           the
                           Rudder
                           ,
                           so
                           that
                           they
                           were
                           forced
                           to
                           Plugg
                           up
                           the
                           bolt-holes
                           ,
                           and
                           spile
                           the
                           Spike-holes
                           ,
                           there
                           being
                           nothing
                           left
                           in
                           them
                           but
                           dirt
                           ,
                           and
                           new
                           Iron-work
                           must
                           be
                           drove
                           before
                           she
                           can
                           go
                           to
                           Sea.
                           See
                           Sir
                           
                           R●B's
                           Letter
                           8
                           Oct.
                           1682.
                           
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Lyon
                           ,
                        
                         
                           Sheathed
                           1672.
                           in
                           October
                           1677.
                           the
                           greatest
                           number
                           of
                           her
                           Bolts
                           under
                           water
                           (
                           under
                           
                           the
                           Lead
                           Sheathing
                           )
                           found
                           very
                           much
                           corroded
                           and
                           eaten
                           ,
                           
                           insomuch
                           that
                           some
                           of
                           them
                           were
                           gotten
                           out
                           by
                           the
                           Caulkers
                           with
                           their
                           Spike-Irons
                           .
                           The
                           Spikes
                           and
                           Nails
                           also
                           under
                           water
                           under
                           the
                           Lead-sheathing
                           almost
                           eaten
                           to
                           pieces
                           ,
                           the
                           like
                           whereof
                           the
                           Officers
                           at
                           Portsmouth
                           say
                           ,
                           they
                           never
                           found
                           in
                           any
                           Ship
                           not
                           sheathed
                           with
                           Lead
                           ,
                           although
                           their
                           Iron-work
                           had
                           been
                           drove
                           twice
                           as
                           long
                           .
                           All
                           her
                           Bolts
                           drove
                           new
                           about
                           five
                           years
                           before
                           .
                           See
                           the
                           
                             Officers
                             Certificate
                             ,
                             6
                             Octob.
                          
                           1677.
                           
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Rose
                           ,
                        
                         
                           Sheathed
                           1674.
                           
                           In
                           haling
                           her
                           on
                           shore
                           to
                           clean
                           in
                           1682.
                           
                           the'
                           two
                           lower
                           Pintells
                           and
                           Gudgeons
                           of
                           the
                           Rudder-Irons
                           quite
                           eaten
                           off
                           and
                           the
                           third
                           almost
                           off
                           ,
                           so
                           that
                           the
                           Rudder
                           was
                           found
                           to
                           be
                           unhung
                           .
                           See
                           Sir
                           
                             R.
                             B's
                          
                           .
                           Letter
                           21
                           September
                           ,
                           1682.
                           
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Harwich
                        
                         
                           Sheathed
                           1675.
                           upon
                           the
                           Careening
                           abroad
                           in
                           February
                           1675.
                           
                           &
                           6.
                           the
                           Iron-work
                           found
                           much
                           eaten
                           with
                           Rust
                           about
                           the
                           Stern
                           ,
                           especially
                           the
                           Rudder-Irons
                           ,
                           imputed
                           to
                           the
                           Copper
                           Nails
                           that
                           fasten
                           the
                           Lead-sheathing
                           .
                           See
                           Sir
                           Iohn
                           Narbrough's
                           Letter
                           20.
                           of
                           February
                           1676.
                           
                           When
                           in
                           the
                           Dock
                           ,
                           
                             Anno
                             ▪
                          
                           1677.
                           
                           her
                           Rudder-Irons
                           Stirrups
                           ,
                           Staples
                           ,
                           &c.
                           found
                           very
                           much
                           corroded
                           and
                           consumed
                           ,
                           and
                           rendred
                           unserviceable
                           ,
                           and
                           the
                           
                           Nonsuch's
                           Rudder-Irons
                           ,
                           &c.
                           (
                           being
                           at
                           the
                           same
                           time
                           in
                           the
                           Dock
                           )
                           very
                           good
                           and
                           firm
                           ,
                           although
                           she
                           had
                           them
                           on
                           several
                           years
                           before
                           the
                           Herwich
                           .
                           See
                           Sir
                           
                             Iohn
                             Kempthorns
                          
                           Letter
                           ,
                           April
                           1677
                           ,
                           Upon
                           her
                           cleaning
                           September
                           1682.
                           all
                           the
                           heads
                           of
                           the
                           Bolts
                           found
                           eaten
                           away
                           on
                           both
                           sides
                           ,
                           
                           and
                           as
                           well
                           those
                           as
                           the
                           Ragg-bolts
                           eaten
                           away
                           to
                           nothing
                           ,
                           and
                           so
                           also
                           the
                           Rudder
                           Irons
                           ,
                           so
                           that
                           she
                           must
                           have
                           Bolts
                           drove
                           on
                           both
                           sides
                           before
                           she
                           can
                           go
                           to
                           Sea
                           ,
                           and
                           have
                           new
                           Rudder-Irons
                           .
                           See
                           Sir
                           R.
                           B's
                           Letter
                           ,
                           24
                           September
                           1682.
                           
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           James
                           Gally
                           .
                        
                         
                           Sheathed
                           in
                           October
                           1676.
                           her
                           bottom
                           was
                           viewed
                           in
                           February
                           1677.
                           in
                           Livorne
                           mould
                           ,
                           and
                           the
                           Lead
                           found
                           all
                           cracked
                           in
                           every
                           Seam
                           from
                           one
                           end
                           to
                           the
                           other
                           ,
                           
                           as
                           bad
                           or
                           worse
                           than
                           the
                           Eagle
                           ,
                           when
                           she
                           came
                           from
                           Guinny
                           ,
                           and
                           her
                           Rudder-Irons
                           eaten
                           clear
                           asunder
                           ,
                           her
                           Rudder-Irons
                           were
                           there
                           mended
                           ,
                           and
                           in
                           October
                           following
                           her
                           Rudder
                           new
                           hung
                           at
                           Tangier
                           ,
                           the
                           Irons
                           being
                           all
                           again
                           eaten
                           in
                           pieces
                           .
                           See
                           Sir
                           
                             Iohn
                             Wyburns
                          
                           Letter
                           and
                           Account
                           :
                           she
                           was
                           repaired
                           at
                           Woolwich
                           in
                           December
                           1679.
                           
                           and
                           her
                           Lead-sheathing
                           stript
                           off
                           ,
                           the
                           same
                           being
                           crackt
                           in
                           several
                           places
                           ,
                           and
                           the
                           Rudder-Irons
                           being
                           eaten
                           by
                           the
                           Rust
                           ,
                           were
                           forced
                           to
                           be
                           shifted
                           .
                           See
                           Mr.
                           Shishes
                           Letter
                           December
                           15.
                           1682.
                           
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Charles
                           Galley
                           ,
                        
                         
                           Sheathed
                           1676.
                           
                           Sir
                           
                             Iohn
                             Narbrough
                          
                           in
                           Iuly
                           1678
                           ,
                           writes
                           ,
                           That
                           the
                           Rudder-Irons
                           were
                           defective
                           ,
                           so
                           that
                           he
                           must
                           send
                           her
                           home
                           the
                           ensuing
                           Winter
                           .
                           See
                           his
                           Letter
                           Iuly
                           30.
                           1678.
                           
                           Upon
                           stripping
                           off
                           her
                           Lead-sheathieg
                           ,
                           Anno
                           1680
                           ,
                           
                           her
                           Rudder-Irons
                           under
                           water
                           found
                           so
                           much
                           decayed
                           ,
                           that
                           she
                           was
                           supplyed
                           with
                           new
                           ones
                           ,
                           likewise
                           all
                           the
                           Bolt-heads
                           under
                           water
                           ,
                           in
                           the
                           but-ends
                           of
                           her
                           Planks
                           quite
                           eaten
                           off
                           ,
                           and
                           most
                           part
                           of
                           the
                           heads
                           of
                           the
                           Ryder-bolts
                           ,
                           and
                           the
                           Bolts
                           in
                           the
                           Scarfs
                           of
                           her
                           Keel
                           and
                           Stern
                           .
                           See
                           Mr.
                           Shishes
                           Letter
                           December
                           15.
                           1682.
                           
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Plymouth
                           .
                        
                         
                         
                           Sheathed
                           1677.
                           
                           Sir
                           
                             Io.
                             Narbrough
                          
                           being
                           in
                           her
                           in
                           Iuly
                           ,
                           1680.
                           writes
                           ,
                           that
                           her
                           Rudder-Irons
                           begun
                           to
                           be
                           much
                           eaten
                           with
                           rust
                           ,
                           
                           so
                           that
                           he
                           believes
                           he
                           must
                           be
                           forced
                           to
                           send
                           her
                           home
                           that
                           Winter
                           .
                           See
                           his
                           Letter
                           ,
                           Iuly
                           30.
                           1680.
                           
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Foresight
                           .
                        
                         
                           Sheathed
                           1674.
                           upon
                           stripping
                           her
                           Sheathing
                           off
                           ,
                           all
                           her
                           Rudder-Irons
                           under
                           Water
                           so
                           much
                           decayed
                           ,
                           that
                           she
                           was
                           supplyed
                           with
                           new
                           ones
                           ,
                           likewise
                           all
                           the
                           Bolt-heads
                           under
                           Water
                           in
                           the
                           but-ends
                           of
                           her
                           Plank
                           quite
                           eaten
                           off
                           ,
                           and
                           most
                           part
                           of
                           the
                           Heads
                           of
                           the
                           Ryder-bolts
                           ,
                           
                           and
                           the
                           Bolts
                           in
                           the
                           Scarfs
                           of
                           the
                           Keel
                           and
                           Stern
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           King-fisher
                           ,
                        
                         
                           Sheathed
                           1677.
                           stript
                           off
                           in
                           Nov.
                           1680.
                           and
                           her
                           Rudder-Irons
                           under
                           Water
                           found
                           so
                           much
                           decayed
                           ,
                           that
                           she
                           was
                           supplyed
                           with
                           New
                           ones
                           ;
                           likewise
                           all
                           the
                           Bolt-heads
                           under
                           Water
                           in
                           the
                           but-ends
                           of
                           the
                           Plank
                           were
                           quite
                           eaten
                           off
                           ,
                           and
                           most
                           part
                           of
                           the
                           Heads
                           of
                           the
                           Ryder-bolts
                           ,
                           and
                           the
                           Bolts
                           in
                           the
                           Scarfs
                           of
                           the
                           Keel
                           and
                           Stem
                           ,
                           all
                           the
                           Rings
                           that
                           were
                           clenched
                           on
                           the
                           ends
                           of
                           her
                           Bolts
                           were
                           eaten
                           off
                           ,
                           and
                           the
                           ends
                           ,
                           and
                           the
                           reaching
                           of
                           the
                           Ship
                           crackt
                           every
                           seam
                           of
                           her
                           from
                           the
                           rung-heads
                           upwards
                           ,
                           so
                           that
                           upon
                           a
                           Survey
                           of
                           the
                           Shipwrights
                           ,
                           the
                           Sheathing
                           was
                           ordred
                           to
                           be
                           taken
                           off
                           .
                           See
                           Mr.
                           
                             Io.
                             Shishes
                          
                           Letter
                           ,
                           15
                           Decemb.
                           1682.
                           
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Woolwich
                           .
                        
                         
                           Sheathed
                           1677.
                           repaired
                           in
                           Iuly
                           1681.
                           and
                           the
                           sheathing
                           taken
                           off
                           ,
                           by
                           reason
                           the
                           Plank
                           
                           was
                           defective
                           under
                           Water
                           ,
                           and
                           the
                           Rudder-Irons
                           so
                           much
                           eaten
                           with
                           rust
                           ,
                           they
                           were
                           forced
                           to
                           unhang
                           the
                           Rudder
                           ,
                           and
                           new
                           hang
                           it
                           again
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Assistance
                           .
                        
                         
                           Sheathed
                           ,
                           Octob.
                           1677.
                           she
                           had
                           a
                           new
                           set
                           of
                           Rudder-Irons
                           27
                           Months
                           after
                           the
                           former
                           ,
                           being
                           very
                           much
                           eaten
                           ,
                           and
                           the
                           Lead
                           was
                           forced
                           to
                           be
                           cut
                           away
                           in
                           many
                           places
                           ,
                           for
                           the
                           seams
                           being
                           crackt
                           ,
                           she
                           is
                           now
                           in
                           want
                           of
                           another
                           sett
                           of
                           Rudder-Irons
                           .
                           
                             See
                             Mr.
                          
                           Jo.
                           and
                           Tho.
                           Shishes
                           Letters
                           ,
                           15
                           Decemb.
                           1682.
                           
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Henrietta
                           .
                        
                         
                           Sheathed
                           in
                           1672.
                           in
                           her
                           Voyage
                           from
                           Tunis
                           to
                           Tripoly
                           ,
                           her
                           Rudder
                           wrought
                           it self
                           out
                           of
                           the
                           Irons
                           ,
                           hanging
                           only
                           by
                           the
                           uppermost
                           Pintell
                           ,
                           the
                           Irons
                           were
                           very
                           much
                           decayed
                           ,
                           and
                           the
                           ends
                           of
                           the
                           Pintels
                           eaten
                           away
                           ,
                           
                           they
                           made
                           a
                           shift
                           to
                           hang
                           it
                           again
                           ,
                           Flemish
                           Fashion
                           ,
                           securing
                           it
                           with
                           a
                           Top-chain
                           ;
                           after
                           that
                           ,
                           when
                           she
                           was
                           at
                           Martha
                           ,
                           her
                           Rudder
                           was
                           unhung
                           again
                           ,
                           and
                           the
                           Irons
                           shifted
                           ,
                           and
                           when
                           she
                           came
                           to
                           Leghorn
                           to
                           carreen
                           ,
                           the
                           Rudder
                           was
                           had
                           on
                           shoar
                           ,
                           and
                           fixt
                           with
                           new
                           Irons
                           ,
                           and
                           4
                           or
                           5
                           new
                           Stirrups
                           put
                           to
                           secure
                           the
                           false
                           Keel
                           :
                           Upon
                           the
                           Ships
                           being
                           in
                           the
                           Dock
                           at
                           Chatham
                           ,
                           1677.
                           
                           the
                           Rudder-Irons
                           under
                           Water
                           were
                           found
                           ▪
                           very
                           bad
                           and
                           much
                           eaten
                           ,
                           and
                           wasted
                           away
                           ,
                           but
                           the
                           Braces
                           and
                           Gudgeons
                           very
                           †
                           good
                           and
                           serviceable
                           ,
                           most
                           of
                           her
                           Bolts
                           under
                           Water
                           also
                           found
                           in
                           a
                           very
                           bad
                           Condition
                           ,
                           being
                           likewise
                           very
                           much
                           eaten
                           and
                           wasted
                           .
                           
                             See
                             Certificate
                             from
                             the
                             Officers
                             at
                          
                           Chatham
                           ,
                           Apr.
                           20.
                           1678.
                           
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Mary
                           .
                        
                         
                         
                           Sheathed
                           1672.
                           in
                           1677.
                           her
                           Stirrups
                           both
                           afore
                           and
                           abaft
                           of
                           the
                           false
                           Keel
                           found
                           quite
                           eaten
                           and
                           unserviceable
                           ,
                           
                           as
                           also
                           the
                           Staples
                           are
                           quite
                           decayed
                           ,
                           the
                           Pintells
                           much
                           eaten
                           with
                           rust
                           ,
                           and
                           too
                           small
                           for
                           the
                           Gudgeons
                           .
                           
                             See
                             Officers
                             at
                          
                           Portsm
                           .
                           Certificate
                           ,
                           Apr.
                           20.
                           1682.
                           
                        
                      
                       
                         
                           Note
                           .
                           There
                           were
                           only
                           Eight
                           of
                           these
                           Ships
                           complained
                           of
                           by
                           the
                           Navy-Officers
                           ,
                           when
                           they
                           made
                           their
                           Report
                           28
                           Octob.
                           1682.
                           but
                           they
                           having
                           afterward
                           given
                           in
                           this
                           Scheam
                           of
                           Complaints
                           to
                           the
                           Commissioners
                           of
                           the
                           Admiralty
                           20
                           Dec.
                           following
                           ,
                           to
                           do
                           them
                           right
                           ,
                           this
                           last
                           is
                           Printed
                           :
                           To
                           some
                           of
                           which
                           no
                           Answer
                           is
                           given
                           ,
                           as
                           wanting
                           opportunity
                           ▪
                           to
                           enquire
                           ,
                           or
                           not
                           thinking
                           it
                           necessary
                           ,
                           the
                           Answers
                           to
                           the
                           rest
                           ,
                           with
                           what
                           is
                           hereafter
                           said
                           in
                           the
                           Certificates
                           ,
                           sufficiently
                           proving
                           the
                           
                             constant
                             inequality
                          
                           of
                           the
                           
                             Iron-works
                             duration
                          
                           on
                           all
                           Ships
                           ,
                           (
                           some
                           of
                           the
                           Lead-sheathed
                           Ships
                           Iron-work
                           lasting
                           much
                           longer
                           than
                           others
                           ,
                           and
                           also
                           than
                           others
                           sheathed
                           with
                           Wood
                           )
                           so
                           that
                           the
                           Lead-sheathing
                           can
                           be
                           no
                           ways
                           chargeable
                           with
                           the
                           decays
                           in
                           the
                           Iron-work
                           .
                        
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             
               The
               Lords
               Commissioners
               of
               the
               Admiralty
               having
               read
               the
               foregoing
               Reply
               to
               the
               Officers
               of
               the
               Navy's
               Report
               ,
               thought
               fit
               by
               one
               of
               them
               ,
               a
               Member
               of
               the
               Privy
               Council
               ,
               to
               lay
               the
               same
               before
               that
               Board
               ,
               who
               being
               attended
               by
               both
               sides
               ,
               upon
               hearing
               were
               pleased
               to
               make
               the
               Order
               following
               ,
               viz.
               
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                       
                         At
                         the
                         Court
                         at
                         White-Hall
                         ,
                         
                           Decemb.
                           22.
                           1682.
                           
                        
                      
                       Present
                       ,
                       The
                       KING
                       's
                       most
                       Excellent
                       Majesty
                       in
                       Council
                       .
                    
                     
                       IT
                       is
                       this
                       day
                       Ordered
                       by
                       his
                       Majesty
                       in
                       Council
                       ,
                       that
                       the
                       whole
                       Matter
                       contained
                       in
                       the
                       Report
                       of
                       the
                       Officers
                       of
                       the
                       Navy
                       to
                       the
                       Right
                       Honourable
                       the
                       Commissioners
                       of
                       the
                       Admiralty
                       ,
                       this
                       day
                       read
                       at
                       the
                       Board
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Answer
                       thereto
                       from
                       Sir
                       
                         Philip
                         Howard
                      
                       and
                       Company
                       ,
                       relating
                       to
                       the
                       Sheathing
                       his
                       Majesty's
                       Ships
                       with
                       Lead
                       ,
                       together
                       with
                       the
                       other
                       Paper
                       then
                       also
                       delivered
                       and
                       read
                       ,
                       from
                       the
                       Officers
                       of
                       the
                       Navy
                       ;
                       and
                       what
                       new
                       Matter
                       was
                       further
                       mentioned
                       by
                       them
                       in
                       Discourse
                       upon
                       the
                       same
                       Subject
                       ,
                       be
                       Referred
                       to
                       the
                       said
                       Commissioners
                       for
                       executing
                       the
                       Office
                       of
                       Lord
                       High
                       Admiral
                       of
                       England
                       ;
                       who
                       
                       upon
                       the
                       full
                       and
                       distinct
                       Examination
                       of
                       the
                       same
                       ,
                       and
                       Hearing
                       of
                       all
                       Persons
                       concerned
                       therein
                       ,
                       are
                       to
                       make
                       their
                       Report
                       upon
                       
                         each
                         Article
                      
                       thereof
                       in
                       Writing
                       to
                       this
                       Board
                       ;
                       with
                       particular
                       regard
                       had
                       therein
                       to
                       the
                       shewing
                       the
                       differences
                       of
                       Charge
                       that
                       has
                       attended
                       his
                       Majesty
                       ,
                       whether
                       in
                       Iron-work
                       or
                       otherwise
                       upon
                       the
                       Hulls
                       and
                       Rudders
                       of
                       the
                       several
                       Ships
                       that
                       have
                       been
                       sheathed
                       with
                       Lead
                       ,
                       and
                       those
                       that
                       within
                       the
                       same
                       time
                       have
                       been
                       either
                       Sheathed
                       with
                       Wood
                       ,
                       or
                       sent
                       to
                       Sea
                       Vnsheathed
                       .
                       And
                       if
                       upon
                       Examination
                       it
                       shall
                       appear
                       that
                       Lead-sheathed●ships
                       do
                       sustain
                       greater
                       damage
                       in
                       their
                       Iron-works
                       ,
                       than
                       those
                       Sheathed
                       with
                       Wood
                       ,
                       or
                       Not
                       Sheathed
                       at
                       all
                       ,
                       what
                       the
                       same
                       is
                       truly
                       to
                       be
                       imputed
                       to
                       ;
                       whether
                       to
                       their
                       
                         Lead
                         ,
                         Nails
                      
                       ,
                       or
                       what
                       other
                       Cause
                       .
                       In
                       all
                       which
                       the
                       said
                       Commissioners
                       are
                       to
                       report
                       to
                       this
                       Board
                       the
                       Truth
                       of
                       the
                       Fact
                       ,
                       as
                       the
                       same
                       shall
                       upon
                       Examination
                       appear
                       to
                       them
                       ,
                       with
                       their
                       Opinion
                       touching
                       the
                       same
                       ,
                       and
                       what
                       upon
                       the
                       whole
                       Matter
                       may
                       be
                       most
                       for
                       His
                       Majesty's
                       Service
                       to
                       
                       be
                       done
                       therein
                       ,
                       with
                       relation
                       to
                       the
                       ceasing
                       or
                       continuing
                       the
                       said
                       Method
                       of
                       Sheathing
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         Francis
                         Gwyn
                         .
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
               Hereupon
               Sir
               
                 Philip
                 Howard
              
               and
               Company
               further
               applyed
               themselves
               to
               the
               Lords
               Commissioners
               of
               the
               Admiralty
               in
               their
               humble
               Memorial
               following
               ,
               viz.
               
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                       To
                       the
                       Right
                       Honourable
                       ,
                       The
                       LORDS
                       ,
                       His
                       MAJESTY's
                       Commissioners
                       ,
                       For
                       executing
                       the
                       Office
                       of
                       Lord
                       High
                       Admiral
                       of
                       England
                       ▪
                       The
                       Humble
                       MEMORIAL
                       of
                       Sir
                       Philip
                       Howard
                       and
                       Company
                       ,
                       Interested
                       in
                       the
                       Manufacture
                       and
                       Invention
                       OF
                       Milled-Lead
                       .
                    
                     
                       Shewing
                       ,
                       THat
                       His
                       Majesty
                       and
                       my
                       Lords
                       of
                       the
                       Council
                       having
                       (
                       out
                       of
                       the
                       same
                       Consideration
                       of
                       its
                       Importance
                       to
                       the
                       King
                       ,
                       which
                       led
                       your
                       Lordships
                       first
                       to
                       the
                       laying
                       it
                       before
                       them
                       )
                       been
                       pleased
                       by
                       their
                       Order
                       of
                       22
                       Decemb.
                       last
                       ,
                       to
                       Referr
                       back
                       to
                       your
                       Lordships
                       the
                       Business
                       in
                       Controversie
                       between
                       the
                       Officers
                       of
                       the
                       Navy
                       and
                       this
                       Company
                       touching
                       Lead-sheathing
                       :
                       
                       These
                       are
                       humbly
                       to
                       acquaint
                       your
                       Lordships
                       that
                       as
                       we
                       are
                       ,
                       and
                       shall
                       at
                       all
                       times
                       be
                       ready
                       to
                       answer
                       any
                       Commands
                       which
                       you
                       shall
                       think
                       fit
                       to
                       direct
                       to
                       this
                       Company
                       in
                       relation
                       thereto
                       ;
                       so
                       do
                       we
                       hold
                       our selves
                       bound
                       ,
                       in
                       Right
                       no
                       less
                       to
                       his
                       Majesty
                       and
                       your
                       Lordships
                       than
                       our selves
                       ,
                       to
                       remove
                       a
                       Prejudice
                       which
                       the
                       said
                       Officers
                       did
                       lately
                       offer
                       at
                       the
                       raising
                       (
                       before
                       his
                       Majesty
                       in
                       Council
                       )
                       against
                       what
                       we
                       had
                       then
                       ,
                       and
                       may
                       yet
                       have
                       further
                       Occasion
                       of
                       saying
                       in
                       this
                       Debate
                       ,
                       by
                       a
                       suggestion
                       of
                       our
                       being
                       governed
                       by
                       Considerations
                       of
                       Self-interest
                       ,
                       while
                       themselves
                       would
                       be
                       thought
                       removed
                       above
                       all
                       suspicion
                       of
                       any
                       other
                       End
                       herein
                       than
                       that
                       of
                       
                         His
                         Majesties
                      
                       Service
                       .
                    
                     
                       In
                       Answer
                       whereto
                       we
                       shall
                       only
                       crave
                       leave
                       to
                       say
                       ,
                       That
                       as
                       to
                       that
                       Uninterestedness
                       so
                       pretended
                       to
                       by
                       them
                       ,
                       it
                       is
                       too
                       manifest
                       ,
                       that
                       their
                       obtaining
                       from
                       your
                       Lordships
                       a
                       suddain
                       Condemnation
                       of
                       this
                       Method
                       of
                       Lead-sheathing
                       ,
                       is
                       the
                       only
                       Expedient
                       they
                       have
                       for
                       preventing
                       the
                       Effects
                       of
                       that
                       Enquiry
                       (
                       which
                       the
                       Wisdom
                       of
                       His
                       Majesty
                       and
                       the
                       Lords
                       of
                       the
                       Council
                       have
                       been
                       so
                       pleased
                       to
                       recommend
                       to
                       your
                       Lordships
                       )
                       into
                       the
                       particulars
                       of
                       our
                       Answer
                       ,
                       leading
                       your
                       Lordships
                       to
                       the
                       several
                       Failures
                       in
                       Duty
                       and
                       breach
                       of
                       Orders
                       reflected
                       on
                       them
                       by
                       us
                       in
                       relation
                       to
                       this
                       Affair
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Prejudices
                       sustained
                       therefrom
                       by
                       his
                       Majesty
                       .
                    
                     
                       And
                       for
                       what
                       concerns
                       the
                       Self-interest
                       suggested
                       to
                       lye
                       on
                       our
                       side
                       ,
                       we
                       shall
                       only
                       Note
                       ,
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       
                    
                     
                     
                       1.
                       
                       That
                       under
                       all
                       the
                       Discouragements
                       and
                       Oppositions
                       our
                       Invention
                       has
                       for
                       twelve
                       Years
                       together
                       been
                       treated
                       with
                       by
                       them
                       ,
                       we
                       never
                       have
                       given
                       them
                       nor
                       our selves
                       the
                       trouble
                       of
                       making
                       one
                       Complaint
                       to
                       his
                       Majesty
                       or
                       your
                       Lordships
                       concerning
                       them
                       ,
                       saving
                       what
                       has
                       been
                       extorted
                       from
                       us
                       in
                       our
                       necessary
                       Reply
                       to
                       their
                       late
                       Report
                       to
                       your
                       Honourable
                       Board
                       on
                       this
                       Subject
                       ;
                       nor
                       in
                       the
                       whole
                       four
                       Years
                       last
                       past
                       (
                       wherein
                       they
                       have
                       for
                       ought
                       appears
                       both
                       without
                       ,
                       and
                       contratrary
                       to
                       Order
                       ,
                       taken
                       upon
                       them
                       the
                       Exercising
                       ,
                       even
                       that
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       the
                       very
                       Matter
                       of
                       the
                       present
                       Controversie
                       ,
                       namely
                       the
                       Adviseableness
                       of
                       laying
                       aside
                       the
                       use
                       of
                       Lead-sheathing
                       )
                       have
                       we
                       ever
                       made
                       one
                       Application
                       to
                       them
                       for
                       removing
                       or
                       so
                       much
                       as
                       enquiring
                       into
                       the
                       Rea●on
                       on
                       their
                       so
                       doing
                       .
                    
                     
                       2.
                       
                       That
                       had
                       there
                       been
                       the
                       least
                       sollicitude
                       on
                       our
                       parts
                       after
                       our
                       private
                       benefit
                       ,
                       it
                       would
                       have
                       easily
                       prompted
                       us
                       to
                       a
                       much
                       greater
                       reservedness
                       of
                       Style
                       than
                       your
                       Lordships
                       find
                       us
                       using
                       on
                       this
                       occasion
                       towards
                       the
                       said
                       Officers
                       ,
                       upon
                       whose
                       good-will
                       alone
                       the
                       success
                       of
                       ours
                       ,
                       and
                       all
                       other
                       Contracts
                       with
                       the
                       Navy
                       ,
                       is
                       well
                       known
                       wholly
                       to
                       depend
                       :
                       Nor
                       does
                       this
                       Company
                       need
                       to
                       appeal
                       to
                       any
                       other
                       Evidence
                       than
                       your selves
                       for
                       the
                       Fidelity
                       of
                       their
                       Proceeding
                       in
                       this
                       Matter
                       towards
                       His
                       Majesty
                       ,
                       in
                       preference
                       to
                       any
                       thoughts
                       of
                       private
                       Advantage
                       ,
                       after
                       that
                       Declaration
                       under
                       our
                       Hands
                       ,
                       wherewith
                       we
                       Prefaced
                       our
                       very
                       first
                       Paper
                       to
                       your
                       Lordships
                       on
                       this
                       Occasion
                       ;
                       
                       not
                       only
                       of
                       our
                       Consent
                       but
                       Desires
                       ,
                       that
                       
                         No
                         Considerations
                         relating
                         to
                         the
                         Interest
                         or
                         Right
                         of
                         this
                         Company
                         ,
                         might
                         stand
                         in
                         the
                         way
                         of
                         whatsoever
                         His
                         Majesty
                         and
                         your
                         Lordships
                         should
                         think
                         most
                         for
                         his
                         Service
                         to
                         determine
                         concerning
                         it
                         .
                      
                    
                     
                       3.
                       
                       That
                       (
                       besides
                       the
                       many
                       other
                       Advantages
                       arising
                       to
                       His
                       Majesty
                       from
                       this
                       Invention
                       )
                       the
                       saving
                       of
                       his
                       Treasure
                       will
                       we
                       doubt
                       not
                       in
                       your
                       Enquiry
                       be
                       found
                       concerned
                       in
                       a
                       no
                       less
                       Degree
                       than
                       that
                       †
                       of
                       60
                       l.
                       or
                       a
                       much
                       greater
                       summe
                       
                         per
                         Cent.
                      
                       through
                       the
                       whole
                       of
                       his
                       Expence
                       of
                       Lead-sheathing
                       compared
                       with
                       that
                       of
                       Wood
                       ,
                       or
                       sending
                       Ships
                       to
                       Sea
                       Unsheathed
                       :
                       Upon
                       which
                       Consideration
                       ,
                       and
                       of
                       the
                       good
                       Husbandry
                       the
                       present
                       State
                       of
                       his
                       Majesty's
                       Treasure
                       ,
                       seems
                       in
                       so
                       particular
                       a
                       measure
                       at
                       this
                       time
                       to
                       call
                       for
                       ;
                       as
                       also
                       for
                       our
                       fuller
                       Discharge
                       against
                       the
                       Consequences
                       of
                       any
                       Mistake
                       that
                       may
                       attend
                       the
                       issue
                       of
                       a
                       Debate
                       of
                       such
                       Importance
                       to
                       the
                       Royal
                       Navy
                       of
                       England
                       ,
                       We
                       do
                       on
                       his
                       Majesty's-behalf
                       humbly
                       pray
                       ,
                       and
                       must
                       take
                       leave
                       to
                       insist
                       upon
                       with
                       your
                       
                       Lordships
                       ,
                       not
                       only
                       that
                       the
                       Contents
                       of
                       our
                       late
                       Reply
                       in
                       this
                       Cause
                       may
                       receive
                       your
                       due
                       Construction
                       and
                       Examination
                       with
                       respect
                       to
                       what
                       we
                       have
                       therein
                       ,
                       and
                       do
                       still
                       assert
                       touching
                       the
                       True
                       Causes
                       and
                       Remedy
                       of
                       the
                       Evil
                       in
                       Controversie
                       about
                       Ships
                       Iron-works
                       :
                       But
                       that
                       whatsoever
                       your
                       Lordships
                       shall
                       in
                       Order
                       to
                       his
                       Majesty's
                       Service
                       (
                       which
                       alone
                       we
                       again
                       desire
                       your
                       having
                       any
                       regard
                       to
                       )
                       find
                       Cause
                       of
                       requiring
                       further
                       from
                       the
                       said
                       Officers
                       on
                       this
                       Subject
                       ,
                       may
                       be
                       mutually
                       transacted
                       between
                       us
                       in
                       Writing
                       ,
                       and
                       not
                       otherwise
                       :
                       In
                       which
                       we
                       shall
                       endeavour
                       to
                       acquit
                       our selves
                       with
                       all
                       faithfulness
                       and
                       Duty
                       to
                       his
                       Majesty
                       ,
                       and
                       no
                       less
                       submission
                       to
                       your
                       Lordships
                       ,
                       as
                       becomes
                    
                     
                       
                         My
                         LORDS
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Your
                         Lordships
                         ,
                         &c.
                         
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
               The
               Lords
               of
               the
               Admiralty's
               Commission
               being
               determined
               ,
               before
               they
               had
               proceeded
               to
               make
               any
               Report
               herein
               ,
               and
               King
               Charles
               the
               second
               taking
               in
               to
               himself
               the
               Office
               of
               
                 Lord
                 High
                 Admiral
                 of
                 England
              
               ,
               which
               was
               transacted
               by
               his
               Brother
               ,
               Mr.
               Pepys
               being
               Secretary
               ,
               and
               Sir
               
                 Anth.
                 Dean
              
               and
               Mr.
               Hewer
               (
               the
               one
               always
               a
               professed
               Friend
               to
               the
               Thing
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               not
               only
               so
               ,
               but
               to
               that
               time
               a
               Partner
               also
               for
               a
               twelfth
               share
               in
               the
               Work
               )
               being
               made
               
                 Commissioners
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
              
               ,
               the
               Mill'd-Lead
               Company
               could
               not
               but
               expect
               their
               
               Lead-sheathing
               would
               soon
               be
               restored
               by
               the
               Power
               of
               these
               Gentlemen
               ,
               they
               having
               throughly
               Examined
               the
               Matter
               ,
               and
               informed
               themselves
               of
               the
               
                 great
                 Benefit
              
               and
               Advantage
               this
               Sheathing
               had
               and
               might
               bring
               to
               his
               Majesty's
               Service
               ,
               as
               hath
               been
               shewn
               ,
               and
               by
               the
               Post
               they
               were
               in
               ,
               it
               now
               becoming
               their
               Duty
               also
               ,
               so
               that
               they
               did
               not
               much
               press
               their
               Work
               ,
               waiting
               only
               to
               be
               called
               for
               ,
               as
               soon
               as
               it
               should
               be
               thought
               convenient
               ;
               but
               much
               time
               being
               lost
               under
               these
               Expectations
               ,
               at
               length
               Complaining
               of
               this
               Delay
               to
               their
               late
               Partner
               ,
               Mr.
               Hewer
               ,
               he
               advised
               them
               (
               not
               to
               Petition
               the
               King
               as
               they
               intended
               ,
               but
               )
               to
               present
               a
               
                 New
                 Proposal
              
               to
               the
               Board
               to
               do
               the
               Work
               per
               Yard
               square
               ,
               without
               any
               Reflection
               or
               Notice
               of
               the
               former
               Proceedings
               ,
               saying
               ▪
               they
               that
               had
               been
               against
               it
               ,
               must
               needs
               be
               convinced
               of
               their
               mis-information
               which
               had
               caused
               the
               Prejudices
               they
               had
               formerly
               conceived
               against
               Lead-sheathing
               ,
               the
               whole
               Matter
               ●eing
               so
               clearly
               stated
               ,
               and
               this
               Sheathing
               so
               well
               vindicated
               in
               the
               Company
               's
               Reply
               which
               they
               had
               had
               so
               much
               time
               better
               to
               examine
               and
               consider
               of
               ,
               and
               that
               they
               would
               take
               this
               way
               of
               application
               to
               them
               well
               ,
               and
               we
               needed
               not
               to
               doubt
               the
               better
               and
               speedier
               success
               .
               Wherefore
               the
               20
               Decemb.
               1686.
               the
               Company
               presented
               the
               Proposal
               following
               ,
               which
               they
               leave
               still
               before
               the
               Navy-Board
               ,
               in
               hopes
               at
               one
               time
               or
               other
               they
               will
               find
               reason
               and
               leisure
               to
               take
               the
               same
               into
               further
               consideration
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                       To
                       the
                       Honourable
                       The
                       Principal
                       Officers
                       and
                       Commissioners
                       OF
                       HIS
                       MAJESTY's
                       NAVY
                       .
                    
                     
                       A
                       Proposal
                       of
                       Mr.
                       Kent
                       and
                       Partners
                       concerned
                       in
                       the
                       Work
                       of
                       Mill'd-Lead
                       ,
                       to
                       Sheath
                       his
                       Majesty's
                       Ships
                       with
                       the
                       said
                       Lead
                       ,
                       for
                       preservation
                       of
                       their
                       Plank
                       against
                       the
                       Worm
                       ,
                       which
                       way
                       of
                       Sheathing
                       is
                       plainly
                       much
                       better
                       for
                       Sayling
                       ,
                       cheaper
                       and
                       more
                       durable
                       than
                       any
                       other
                       way
                       hitherto
                       used
                       .
                    
                     
                       IT
                       is
                       humbly
                       offered
                       to
                       your
                       Consideration
                       ,
                       that
                       when
                       this
                       way
                       of
                       
                         Milling
                         Lead
                      
                       for
                       Sheathing
                       of
                       Ships
                       was
                       first
                       invented
                       ,
                       it
                       was
                       immediately
                       communicaed
                       to
                       the
                       late
                       King
                       ,
                       
                       and
                       his
                       present
                       Majesty
                       then
                       
                         Lord
                         High
                         Admiral
                         of
                         England
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Usefulness
                       of
                       the
                       Invention
                       by
                       them
                       well
                       weighed
                       and
                       considered
                       ,
                       and
                       thought
                       to
                       be
                       of
                       such
                       consequence
                       ,
                       that
                       his
                       Majesty
                       gave
                       the
                       Inventors
                       encouragement
                       and
                       advice
                       to
                       lay
                       the
                       same
                       before
                       the
                       Parliament
                       ,
                       where
                       ,
                       a●ter
                       a
                       most
                       strict
                       scrutiny
                       into
                       the
                       Matter
                       in
                       both
                       Houses
                       ,
                       they
                       obtained
                       in
                       the
                       Year
                       1670.
                       an
                       
                         Act
                         of
                         Parliament
                      
                       ,
                       with
                       Terms
                       in
                       it
                       highly
                       expressing
                       the
                       good
                       Opinion
                       they
                       had
                       conceived
                       of
                       this
                       Invention
                       .
                    
                     
                       After
                       which
                       by
                       his
                       Majesty's
                       particular
                       direction
                       it
                       was
                       first
                       tryed
                       upon
                       several
                       of
                       his
                       own
                       Ships
                       ;
                       but
                       the
                       interest
                       several
                       Persons
                       (
                       trading
                       in
                       the
                       Materials
                       formerly
                       used
                       in
                       Sheathing
                       )
                       had
                       to
                       oppose
                       this
                       Invention
                       ,
                       did
                       make
                       them
                       very
                       iudustrious
                       to
                       raise
                       Objections
                       against
                       it
                       ,
                       all
                       which
                       being
                       throughly
                       examined
                       by
                       his
                       late
                       Majesty
                       ,
                       and
                       a
                       View
                       by
                       him
                       in
                       Person
                       made
                       of
                       the
                       Ship
                       Phoenix
                       after
                       two
                       Voyages
                       to
                       the
                       Streights
                       with
                       the
                       same
                       Sheathing
                       ,
                       it
                       pleased
                       his
                       Majesty
                       by
                       his
                       Order
                       of
                       20
                       
                         th
                         .
                         Decemb.
                      
                       1673.
                       to
                       signifie
                       his
                       pleasure
                       that
                       for
                       the
                       future
                       this
                       way
                       of
                       Sheathing
                       and
                       no
                       other
                       should
                       be
                       used
                       upon
                       his
                       Majesty's
                       Ships
                       ,
                       by
                       the
                       then
                       Lords
                       of
                       the
                       Admiralty
                       ,
                       in
                       these
                       words
                       ,
                       viz.
                       
                    
                     
                       
                         
                           After
                           our
                           hearty
                           Commendations
                           ;
                           in
                           pursuance
                           of
                           his
                           Majesty's
                           Pleasure
                           signified
                           to
                           us
                           by
                           himself
                           ,
                           at
                           this
                           Board
                           ;
                           That
                           in
                           regard
                           of
                           the
                           many
                           and
                           good
                           Proofs
                           which
                           had
                           been
                           given
                           of
                           the
                           usefulness
                           of
                           Sir
                           
                             Philip
                             Howard
                          
                           and
                           Major
                           
                           Watson's
                           Invention
                           of
                           Sheathing
                           his
                           Majesty's
                           Ships
                           with
                           Lead
                           ,
                           in
                           preference
                           to
                           the
                           
                           doing
                           of
                           it
                           with
                           the
                           Materials
                           ,
                           and
                           in
                           the
                           manner
                           anciently
                           used
                           ,
                           and
                           with
                           respect
                           had
                           no
                           less
                           to
                           the
                           charge
                           thereof
                           ,
                           than
                           the
                           effectual
                           securing
                           the
                           Hulls
                           of
                           his
                           Majesty's
                           Ships
                           against
                           the
                           Worms
                           ,
                           his
                           Majesty's
                           Ships
                           may
                           for
                           the
                           time
                           to
                           come
                           be
                           sheathed
                           in
                           no
                           other
                           manner
                           than
                           that
                           of
                           Lead
                           ,
                           without
                           special
                           Order
                           given
                           for
                           the
                           same
                           from
                           this
                           Board
                           :
                           These
                           are
                           to
                           authorize
                           you
                           to
                           cause
                           this
                           his
                           Majesty's
                           pleasure
                           ●erein
                           to
                           be
                           duely
                           complyed
                           with
                           .
                           And
                           so
                           we
                           remain
                        
                         
                           
                             Your
                             Loving
                             Friends
                             ,
                             
                               
                                 Anglesey
                                 .
                              
                               
                                 Ormond
                                 .
                              
                               
                                 G.
                                 Carteret
                                 .
                              
                            
                          
                        
                      
                    
                     
                       And
                       after
                       two
                       Years
                       further
                       experience
                       ,
                       the
                       then
                       Navy-Board
                       thought
                       it
                       for
                       his
                       Majesty's
                       Service
                       to
                       Contract
                       with
                       the
                       Mill'd-Lead
                       Partners
                       for
                       the
                       Materials
                       to
                       sheath
                       his
                       Ships
                       at
                       the
                       Rates
                       expressed
                       in
                       their
                       Articles
                       of
                       Agreement
                       during
                       their
                       whole
                       term
                       of
                       their
                       Act
                       of
                       Parliament
                       .
                       And
                       thus
                       stood
                       the
                       Matter
                       'till
                       the
                       close
                       of
                       the
                       Year
                       1675.
                       at
                       which
                       time
                       (
                       as
                       we
                       humbly
                       conceive
                       ,
                       by
                       the
                       Artifice
                       of
                       the
                       interested
                       Traders
                       )
                       was
                       raised
                       a
                       Clamour
                       never
                       heard
                       of
                       before
                       ,
                       as
                       if
                       this
                       way
                       of
                       Sheathing
                       did
                       occasion
                       a
                       more
                       than
                       ordinary
                       Decay
                       of
                       the
                       Rudder-Irons
                       .
                    
                     
                       This
                       immediately
                       put
                       the
                       Partners
                       upon
                       a
                       strict
                       enquiry
                       into
                       the
                       Truth
                       and
                       validity
                       of
                       these
                       Objections
                       ,
                       and
                       it
                       was
                       not
                       long
                       e're
                       they
                       
                       fully
                       discovered
                       that
                       this
                       decay
                       in
                       the
                       Iron-work
                       proceeded
                       not
                       from
                       the
                       contrariety
                       of
                       the
                       Nature
                       of
                       Lead
                       with
                       the
                       matter
                       of
                       Iron
                       ,
                       but
                       that
                       the
                       Iron-work
                       lasted
                       or
                       decayed
                       ,
                       as
                       it
                       was
                       better
                       or
                       worse
                       mixt
                       and
                       wrought
                       by
                       the
                       Smith
                       ,
                       for
                       such
                       
                         different
                         decays
                      
                       as
                       are
                       charged
                       could
                       never
                       proceed
                       from
                       one
                       common
                       Cause
                       :
                       His
                       late
                       Majesty
                       himself
                       was
                       convinced
                       that
                       there
                       was
                       not
                       such
                       corrosive
                       quality
                       in
                       Lead
                       ,
                       
                       having
                       consulted
                       the
                       Person
                       in
                       England
                       ,
                       the
                       most
                       skilful
                       in
                       those
                       matters
                       .
                    
                     
                       Furthermore
                       ,
                       Universal
                       Practice
                       both
                       in
                       his
                       Majesties
                       Yards
                       ,
                       and
                       Merchant
                       Builders
                       has
                       and
                       does
                       at
                       this
                       day
                       make
                       Lead
                       the
                       common
                       security
                       of
                       Iron-work
                       against
                       Rust
                       ,
                       not
                       only
                       by
                       covering
                       therewith
                       (
                       upon
                       all
                       Ships
                       unsheathed
                       ,
                       and
                       designed
                       for
                       long
                       Voyages
                       )
                       the
                       Iron-work
                       about
                       the
                       Rudder
                       ,
                       but
                       by
                       capping
                       the
                       heads
                       of
                       their
                       Bolts
                       under
                       water
                       with
                       pieces
                       of
                       Lead
                       sized
                       to
                       and
                       nailed
                       over
                       the
                       said
                       Bolts
                       .
                    
                     
                       Nor
                       is
                       this
                       all
                       ,
                       for
                       at
                       this
                       day
                       whatever
                       Merchant
                       Man
                       ,
                       or
                       Man
                       of
                       War
                       is
                       appointed
                       for
                       a
                       Voyage
                       ,
                       where
                       the
                       Worm
                       eats
                       ,
                       the
                       back
                       of
                       her
                       Stem-post
                       and
                       beard
                       of
                       her
                       Rudder
                       are
                       sheathed
                       with
                       Copper
                       or
                       Lead
                       ,
                       and
                       this
                       even
                       where
                       the
                       Ships
                       also
                       are
                       sheathed
                       with
                       Wood
                       ,
                       the
                       
                         East
                         :
                         India
                      
                       Company
                       it self
                       ,
                       (
                       upon
                       whom
                       we
                       may
                       best
                       depend
                       for
                       Cautions
                       wherever
                       preservation
                       of
                       Ships
                       is
                       in
                       question
                       )
                       not
                       omitting
                       in
                       that
                       very
                       case
                       to
                       sheath
                       their
                       Rudders
                       with
                       Lead
                       or
                       Copper
                       ,
                       which
                       practice
                       certainly
                       could
                       never
                       have
                       prevailed
                       with
                       our
                       Fathers
                       ,
                       and
                       been
                       followed
                       with
                       so
                       continued
                       a
                       consent
                       to
                       this
                       very
                       day
                       by
                       us
                       ,
                       of
                       the
                       vicinity
                       of
                       either
                       of
                       these
                       Metals
                       ,
                       assisted
                       (
                       as
                       is
                       by
                       some
                       
                       imagined
                       ,
                       )
                       by
                       salt-water
                       ,
                       had
                       been
                       ever
                       found
                       of
                       so
                       pernicious
                       and
                       certain
                       ill
                       effect
                       upon
                       the
                       very
                       matter
                       they
                       are
                       employed
                       to
                       secure
                       .
                    
                     
                       Nor
                       does
                       what
                       is
                       thus
                       approved
                       of
                       in
                       the
                       general
                       and
                       universal
                       practice
                       of
                       England
                       want
                       its
                       Confirmation
                       by
                       the
                       like
                       of
                       Forraign
                       Nations
                       ,
                       to
                       wit
                       ,
                       the
                       Dutch
                       ,
                       Portuguese's
                       ,
                       Spaniard
                       ;
                       the
                       first
                       of
                       which
                       like
                       us
                       do
                       generally
                       sheath
                       their
                       Rudder-Irons
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       back
                       of
                       their
                       posts
                       with
                       Lead
                       or
                       Copper
                       ,
                       upon
                       all
                       Ships
                       bound
                       in
                       the
                       way
                       of
                       the
                       Worm
                       ;
                       and
                       for
                       the
                       two
                       latter
                       ,
                       not
                       only
                       the
                       Rudders
                       ,
                       but
                       the
                       whole
                       Bodies
                       of
                       their
                       Ships
                       under
                       water
                       ,
                       even
                       of
                       the
                       Gallions
                       themselves
                       ,
                       have
                       of
                       long
                       time
                       been
                       ,
                       and
                       are
                       well
                       known
                       at
                       this
                       day
                       to
                       be
                       entirely
                       sheathed
                       with
                       Lead
                       ,
                       which
                       concurrence
                       of
                       these
                       two
                       latter
                       Nations
                       ,
                       seems
                       in
                       this
                       case
                       so
                       much
                       more
                       considerable
                       than
                       any
                       other
                       ,
                       by
                       how
                       much
                       not
                       only
                       their
                       Voyages
                       are
                       the
                       longest
                       ,
                       their
                       hazards
                       therein
                       from
                       the
                       Worm
                       the
                       greatest
                       ,
                       and
                       Cargoes
                       the
                       most
                       valuable
                       of
                       all
                       that
                       Navigation
                       knows
                       ,
                       but
                       for
                       that
                       the
                       Hulls
                       of
                       their
                       Ships
                       abound
                       the
                       most
                       with
                       Iron-work
                       ,
                       as
                       having
                       all
                       which
                       in
                       the
                       fastening
                       of
                       our
                       Plank
                       is
                       performed
                       with
                       
                         Wooden
                         Trunnels
                      
                       ,
                       done
                       by
                       them
                       with
                       large
                       Spikes
                       of
                       Iron
                       .
                    
                     
                       In
                       fine
                       ,
                       were
                       this
                       spoil
                       of
                       Iron-work
                       chargeable
                       with
                       nothing
                       but
                       what
                       is
                       contained
                       in
                       the
                       Lead
                       and
                       Nails
                       ,
                       these
                       pretended
                       effects
                       of
                       theirs
                       would
                       be
                       constant
                       and
                       uniform
                       in
                       all
                       Ships
                       alike
                       sheathed
                       ;
                       whereas
                       nothing
                       is
                       more
                       frequent
                       than
                       the
                       instances
                       of
                       their
                       Inequality
                       ,
                       and
                       this
                       Company
                       dare
                       put
                       the
                       whole
                       Credit
                       of
                       their
                       Cause
                       upon
                       that
                       one
                       Issue
                       ,
                       viz.
                       of
                       ever
                       finding
                       an
                       equal
                       Consumption
                       of
                       the
                       Iron-work
                       
                       under
                       water
                       ,
                       whether
                       upon
                       the
                       same
                       or
                       different
                       Ships
                       at
                       any
                       one
                       time
                       ,
                       or
                       equal
                       distances
                       of
                       time
                       :
                       The
                       complaint
                       of
                       Ships
                       that
                       have
                       passed
                       this
                       way
                       of
                       sheathing
                       affording
                       a
                       most
                       ample
                       proof
                       of
                       this
                       inequality
                       ,
                       by
                       having
                       some
                       of
                       them
                       loaden
                       with
                       Complaints
                       ,
                       and
                       every
                       one
                       different
                       from
                       the
                       rest
                       ,
                       and
                       at
                       different
                       times
                       from
                       it self
                       ,
                       whilst
                       we
                       are
                       yet
                       to
                       be
                       told
                       whether
                       the
                       rest
                       are
                       not
                       (
                       as
                       we
                       are
                       sure
                       by
                       the
                       long
                       lasting
                       of
                       the
                       Iron-work
                       some
                       of
                       them
                       were
                       )
                       free
                       from
                       all
                       ground
                       of
                       this
                       Complaint
                       ,
                       and
                       upon
                       Information
                       of
                       several
                       Masters
                       of
                       Ships
                       and
                       other
                       Sea-faring
                       Men
                       ,
                       even
                       upon
                       Ships
                       that
                       were
                       sheathed
                       with
                       Lead
                       ,
                       or
                       not
                       sheathed
                       at
                       all
                       ,
                       they
                       have
                       found
                       the
                       Rudder-Irons
                       of
                       some
                       to
                       decay
                       much
                       sooner
                       than
                       others
                       ,
                       which
                       they
                       alwayes
                       imputed
                       to
                       the
                       Smiths
                       different
                       mixture
                       ,
                       welding
                       and
                       working
                       of
                       the
                       Iron
                       .
                    
                     
                       To
                       justifie
                       therefore
                       the
                       goodness
                       and
                       usefulness
                       of
                       this
                       their
                       Invention
                       ,
                       the
                       Partners
                       in
                       the
                       Year
                       1678.
                       made
                       a
                       Proposal
                       to
                       the
                       then
                       
                         Navy
                         Board
                      
                       ,
                       to
                       furnish
                       the
                       Rudder-Irons
                       for
                       the
                       Ships
                       they
                       should
                       sheath
                       ,
                       in
                       which
                       they
                       would
                       take
                       care
                       themselves
                       of
                       the
                       good
                       mixture
                       ,
                       welding
                       and
                       working
                       thereof
                       ,
                       which
                       Proposal
                       was
                       thought
                       so
                       reasonable
                       that
                       upon
                       it
                       several
                       repeated
                       Orders
                       to
                       that
                       Board
                       were
                       made
                       by
                       the
                       Lords
                       of
                       the
                       Admiralty
                       .
                    
                     
                       Thus
                       stood
                       the
                       matter
                       in
                       the
                       Year
                       1678.
                       about
                       which
                       time
                       some
                       differences
                       arose
                       amongst
                       the
                       Partners
                       themselves
                       ,
                       which
                       gave
                       an
                       interruption
                       to
                       their
                       Proceedings
                       ,
                       and
                       an
                       opportunity
                       to
                       those
                       whose
                       Interest
                       it
                       was
                       
                       (
                       by
                       reason
                       of
                       their
                       respective
                       Trades
                       )
                       to
                       decry
                       this
                       Invention
                       ,
                       though
                       it
                       was
                       apparently
                       of
                       so
                       great
                       advantage
                       to
                       the
                       Kings
                       service
                       ;
                       but
                       at
                       present
                       all
                       differences
                       being
                       reconciled
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Interest
                       in
                       the
                       Act
                       of
                       Parliament
                       fallen
                       into
                       such
                       hands
                       as
                       are
                       both
                       willing
                       and
                       able
                       to
                       set
                       it
                       on
                       foot
                       ,
                       they
                       thought
                       it
                       their
                       Duty
                       to
                       lay
                       a
                       
                         new
                         Proposal
                      
                       before
                       your
                       Honourable
                       Board
                       ,
                       which
                       they
                       do
                       the
                       more
                       gladly
                       ,
                       for
                       that
                       they
                       know
                       you
                       all
                       to
                       be
                       Persons
                       throughly
                       acquainted
                       with
                       ,
                       and
                       skilful
                       in
                       these
                       Matters
                       ,
                       and
                       most
                       Zealous
                       in
                       the
                       Profits
                       and
                       Interests
                       of
                       his
                       Majesty
                       .
                    
                     
                       They
                       crave
                       leave
                       to
                       begin
                       with
                       reminding
                       you
                       of
                       some
                       Arguments
                       ,
                       which
                       no
                       doubt
                       have
                       formerly
                       lain
                       before
                       some
                       of
                       you
                       ,
                       of
                       the
                       advantage
                       that
                       will
                       accrue
                       by
                       the
                       use
                       of
                       this
                       way
                       of
                       sheathing
                       above
                       that
                       of
                       Wood.
                       
                    
                     
                       First
                       ,
                       That
                       the
                       only
                       competent
                       and
                       allowed
                       defence
                       of
                       Ships
                       against
                       the
                       Worm
                       ,
                       before
                       this
                       of
                       Lead-sheathing
                       ,
                       was
                       the
                       paying
                       the
                       Hulls
                       from
                       the
                       waters
                       edge
                       downwards
                       with
                       Stuff
                       ,
                       and
                       laying
                       the
                       inside
                       of
                       a
                       sheathing
                       board
                       (
                       from
                       inch
                       and
                       quarter
                       to
                       three
                       quarters
                       thick
                       )
                       all
                       over
                       with
                       Tarr
                       and
                       Hair
                       to
                       be
                       brought
                       over
                       the
                       forementioned
                       stuff
                       ;
                       and
                       (
                       being
                       well
                       nailed
                       )
                       graving
                       or
                       paying
                       the
                       outside
                       of
                       the
                       said
                       Board
                       all
                       over
                       with
                       another
                       composition
                       of
                       
                         Brimstone
                         ,
                         Oyl
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       other
                       Ingredients
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       called
                       Wood-sheathing
                       .
                    
                     
                       Secondly
                       ,
                       Concerning
                       which
                       ,
                       however
                       united
                       the
                       opinions
                       of
                       us
                       English
                       men
                       may
                       be
                       thought
                       to
                       have
                       been
                       touching
                       the
                       same
                       ,
                       it
                       
                       seems
                       to
                       this
                       Company
                       grounded
                       not
                       so
                       much
                       upon
                       the
                       real
                       perfection
                       thereof
                       ,
                       as
                       the
                       profit
                       that
                       attends
                       it
                       to
                       the
                       Builders
                       interested
                       in
                       the
                       working
                       of
                       it
                       ,
                       and
                       consequently
                       leaving
                       them
                       under
                       no
                       temptation
                       either
                       to
                       look
                       out
                       for
                       a
                       better
                       themselves
                       ,
                       or
                       give
                       encouragement
                       to
                       any
                       discoveries
                       made
                       towards
                       it
                       by
                       others
                       .
                    
                     
                       And
                       that
                       indeed
                       the
                       so
                       universal
                       reception
                       given
                       to
                       Wood-sheathing
                       is
                       rather
                       due
                       to
                       this
                       ,
                       than
                       its
                       own
                       real
                       sufficiency
                       ,
                       you
                       will
                       be
                       Judges
                       of
                       from
                       the
                       following
                       Notes
                       .
                    
                     
                       1.
                       
                       That
                       if
                       not
                       the
                       most
                       ,
                       at
                       least
                       the
                       most
                       essential
                       of
                       all
                       the
                       Ingredients
                       ,
                       employed
                       in
                       that
                       method
                       of
                       Sheathing
                       are
                       of
                       forraign
                       growth
                       ,
                       which
                       they
                       make
                       use
                       of
                       not
                       so
                       much
                       for
                       the
                       sake
                       of
                       the
                       Nationality
                       of
                       its
                       Argument
                       ,
                       (
                       though
                       yet
                       that
                       is
                       such
                       as
                       the
                       Parliaments
                       of
                       England
                       have
                       ever
                       laid
                       great
                       weight
                       upon
                       in
                       all
                       their
                       Deliberations
                       upon
                       Trade
                       ,
                       and
                       particularly
                       in
                       the
                       Act
                       relating
                       to
                       this
                       very
                       Invention
                       )
                       but
                       from
                       a
                       consideration
                       ,
                       which
                       the
                       Books
                       of
                       the
                       Navy
                       sufficiently
                       confirm
                       the
                       force
                       of
                       ,
                       viz
                       ,
                       That
                       being
                       Forraign
                       ,
                       such
                       has
                       sometimes
                       been
                       the
                       scarcity
                       thereof
                       here
                       ,
                       (
                       even
                       when
                       their
                       use
                       has
                       been
                       the
                       most
                       wanted
                       ,
                       )
                       that
                       they
                       have
                       been
                       either
                       not
                       to
                       be
                       had
                       at
                       all
                       ,
                       or
                       at
                       Prices
                       much
                       exceeding
                       the
                       ordinary
                       Market
                       ;
                       whereas
                       the
                       Materials
                       used
                       by
                       the
                       Cop●rtners
                       are
                       of
                       the
                       Product
                       of
                       England
                       ,
                       and
                       so
                       can
                       never
                       be
                       wanting
                       .
                    
                     
                     
                       2.
                       
                       That
                       the
                       Wood-sheathing
                       hath
                       been
                       alwayes
                       observed
                       and
                       confessed
                       to
                       be
                       very
                       apt
                       to
                       gather
                       filth
                       ,
                       and
                       of
                       no
                       less
                       uneasiness
                       when
                       foul'd
                       to
                       be
                       throughly
                       cleansed
                       again
                       .
                    
                     
                       3.
                       
                       That
                       from
                       its
                       roughness
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       multitude
                       of
                       Nail-heads
                       standing
                       out
                       from
                       the
                       Ships
                       side
                       ,
                       or
                       otherwise
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       thickness
                       of
                       the
                       sheathing
                       it self
                       ,
                       Ships
                       sheathed
                       with
                       Wood
                       have
                       ever
                       been
                       complained
                       of
                       as
                       lessened
                       thereby
                       in
                       that
                       only
                       quality
                       ,
                       upon
                       which
                       our
                       Friggats
                       most
                       value
                       themselves
                       ,
                       and
                       have
                       their
                       service
                       in
                       preference
                       to
                       others
                       calculated
                       from
                       ,
                       namely
                       ,
                       their
                       Sailing
                       .
                    
                     
                       All
                       these
                       Arguments
                       they
                       humbly
                       hope
                       have
                       given
                       you
                       full
                       satisfaction
                       of
                       the
                       preference
                       this
                       way
                       of
                       sheathing
                       ought
                       to
                       have
                       ,
                       and
                       likewise
                       hope
                       they
                       have
                       answered
                       all
                       Objections
                       to
                       it
                       .
                    
                     
                       They
                       crave
                       leave
                       therefore
                       to
                       begin
                       their
                       
                         new
                         Proposal
                      
                       with
                       these
                       Assertions
                       .
                    
                     
                       1.
                       
                       That
                       this
                       sheathing
                       with
                       Lead
                       ,
                       at
                       the
                       first
                       hanging
                       on
                       ,
                       is
                       ,
                       if
                       at
                       all
                       ,
                       very
                       inconsiderably
                       dearer
                       than
                       a
                       good
                       Streights
                       sheathing
                       with
                       Wood.
                       
                    
                     
                       2.
                       
                       That
                       the
                       Wood-sheathing
                       never
                       lasts
                       above
                       a
                       Voyage
                       or
                       two
                       ,
                       and
                       when
                       stript
                       the
                       old
                       sheathing
                       is
                       worth
                       little
                       or
                       nothing
                       .
                    
                     
                     
                       3.
                       
                       That
                       this
                       Lead-sheathing
                       with
                       some
                       small
                       repairs
                       will
                       preserve
                       the
                       Plank
                       from
                       the
                       Worm
                       ,
                       (
                       which
                       is
                       the
                       true
                       intent
                       of
                       sheathing
                       Ships
                       )
                       till
                       it
                       shall
                       be
                       required
                       to
                       be
                       stript
                       off
                       for
                       Calking
                       ,
                       or
                       other
                       reparation
                       of
                       the
                       Hull
                       when
                       that
                       shall
                       be
                       necessary
                       ,
                       but
                       will
                       never
                       need
                       stripping
                       for
                       any
                       defect
                       in
                       the
                       sheathing
                       it self
                       ;
                       and
                       when
                       it
                       shall
                       be
                       stript
                       ,
                       the
                       old
                       sheathing
                       being
                       Metal
                       ,
                       will
                       yield
                       its
                       value
                       to
                       melt
                       down
                       again
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         To
                         reduce
                         this
                         Work
                         to
                         a
                         certainty
                         of
                         great
                         and
                         undeniable
                         Benefit
                         and
                         Advantage
                         to
                         his
                         Majesty
                         ,
                         they
                         offer
                         as
                         followeth
                         .
                      
                       
                         1.
                         
                         THat
                         the
                         Ships
                         sides
                         being
                         prepared
                         (
                         and
                         the
                         Bolt-heads
                         and
                         Braces
                         parcelled
                         or
                         capt
                         as
                         they
                         ought
                         )
                         to
                         bring
                         the
                         sheathing
                         on
                         ,
                         they
                         will
                         sheath
                         the
                         same
                         with
                         their
                         Lead
                         and
                         Nails
                         according
                         to
                         the
                         Pattern
                         now
                         produced
                         ,
                         which
                         is
                         near
                         3.
                         l.
                         to
                         the
                         foot
                         square
                         ,
                         in
                         any
                         of
                         his
                         Majesties
                         Yards
                         (
                         convenient
                         Room
                         being
                         assigned
                         them
                         to
                         store
                         their
                         Goods
                         )
                         and
                         defray
                         all
                         charge
                         of
                         Materials
                         ,
                         Carriage
                         ,
                         Workmanship
                         ,
                         and
                         wast
                         at
                         the
                         rate
                         of
                         11.
                         s.
                         9.
                         
                           d.
                           per
                        
                         Yard
                         square
                         ,
                         which
                         upon
                         due
                         enquiry
                         will
                         appear
                         to
                         be
                         very
                         little
                         more
                         than
                         a
                         good
                         Streights
                         sheathing
                         ,
                         and
                         not
                         above
                         half
                         so
                         much
                         as
                         an
                         East-India
                         sheathing
                         .
                      
                       
                       
                         2.
                         
                         To
                         keep
                         the
                         same
                         in
                         constant
                         repair
                         ,
                         they
                         offer
                         to
                         deliver
                         on
                         board
                         convenient
                         Stores
                         of
                         Lead
                         and
                         Nails
                         to
                         supply
                         Accidents
                         if
                         any
                         happen
                         in
                         a
                         Voyage
                         ,
                         for
                         which
                         the
                         Carpenter
                         may
                         be
                         answerable
                         ,
                         and
                         as
                         often
                         as
                         any
                         of
                         the
                         Ships
                         they
                         shall
                         sheath
                         shall
                         return
                         home
                         from
                         their
                         Voyages
                         ,
                         any
                         wise
                         damaged
                         in
                         their
                         sheathing
                         ,
                         they
                         will
                         be
                         obliged
                         ▪
                         upon
                         notice
                         given
                         when
                         they
                         are
                         Dockt
                         ,
                         to
                         repair
                         the
                         same
                         ,
                         and
                         so
                         from
                         time
                         to
                         time
                         to
                         keep
                         the
                         said
                         sheathing
                         in
                         good
                         and
                         constant
                         repair
                         at
                         the
                         rate
                         of
                         10.
                         
                           l.
                           per
                           Cent.
                           per
                           Annum
                        
                         .
                         according
                         to
                         each
                         Ships
                         
                           first
                           Charge
                        
                         of
                         sheathing
                         ,
                         as
                         long
                         time
                         as
                         they
                         shall
                         desire
                         to
                         have
                         the
                         said
                         sheathing
                         continued
                         on
                         to
                         the
                         time
                         of
                         stripping
                         ,
                         and
                         then
                         to
                         allow
                         for
                         the
                         old
                         Lead
                         11.
                         
                           s.
                           per
                        
                         hundred
                         weight
                         ,
                         whereas
                         the
                         Wood-sheathing
                         ,
                         which
                         seldom
                         lasts
                         above
                         a
                         Voyage
                         ,
                         when
                         stript
                         yields
                         nothing
                         .
                      
                       
                         If
                         any
                         doubt
                         yet
                         remains
                         ,
                         that
                         this
                         sheathing
                         is
                         the
                         cause
                         of
                         a
                         more
                         than
                         ordinary
                         decay
                         in
                         the
                         Rudder-Irons
                         ,
                         they
                         do
                         offer
                         ,
                         if
                         they
                         may
                         have
                         the
                         making
                         the
                         Rudder-Irons
                         themselves
                         for
                         such
                         Ships
                         they
                         shall
                         sheath
                         ,
                         they
                         will
                         undertake
                         the
                         same
                         at
                         the
                         Kings
                         Rates
                         ;
                         and
                         to
                         prevent
                         all
                         suspicion
                         of
                         hazard
                         ,
                         while
                         Ships
                         are
                         in
                         their
                         Voyages
                         ,
                         they
                         will
                         at
                         first
                         sheathing
                         provide
                         two
                         setts
                         of
                         Rudder-Irons
                         to
                         each
                         Ship
                         ,
                         one
                         to
                         be
                         in
                         store
                         alwayes
                         on
                         Board
                         to
                         shift
                         if
                         occasion
                         requires
                         ,
                         and
                         those
                         not
                         to
                         be
                         paid
                         for
                         till
                         it
                         shall
                         appear
                         that
                         the
                         first
                         have
                         lasted
                         as
                         long
                         as
                         the
                         Rudder-Irons
                         of
                         other
                         Ships
                         usually
                         do
                         ;
                         and
                         when
                         the
                         Lead-sheathing
                         
                         is
                         thereby
                         sufficiently
                         vindicated
                         from
                         the
                         fear
                         of
                         being
                         any
                         wise
                         destructive
                         to
                         the
                         Rudder-Irons
                         ,
                         they
                         may
                         be
                         made
                         by
                         the
                         same
                         hands
                         they
                         now
                         are
                         ,
                         again
                         .
                      
                       
                         All
                         which
                         is
                         humbly
                         submitted
                         to
                         your
                         Consideration
                         .
                         
                           
                             20.
                             
                             December
                             1686.
                             
                          
                        
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             
             
               LETTERS
               and
               CERTIFICATES
               From
               the
               KING's
               Master-Builders
               ,
               Carpenters
               ,
               &c.
               On
               behalf
               of
               the
               Lead-Sheathing
               .
            
             
               
                 Sir
                 Anthony
                 Dean's
                 Letter
                 to
                 Sir
                 Francis
                 Watson
                 .
              
               
                 
                   
                     Ianuary
                     22.
                     1669.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   SIR
                   ,
                
              
               
                 
                   THe
                   Patterns
                   of
                   Lead
                   you
                   shewed
                   me
                   of
                   4
                   l.
                   to
                   the
                   Foot
                   square
                   ,
                   is
                   absolutely
                   of
                   great
                   advantage
                   to
                   his
                   Majesty
                   ,
                   being
                   very
                   fit
                   for
                   the
                   Uses
                   of
                   the
                   Navy
                   ,
                   and
                   will
                   serve
                   for
                   Furnaces
                   ,
                   Sea-store
                   ,
                   Caps
                   for
                   Bolts
                   ,
                   heads
                   of
                   Masts
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   like
                   :
                   And
                   the
                   Pattern
                   of
                   3
                   l.
                   and
                   under
                   is
                   very
                   fit
                   to
                   nail
                   under
                   Knees
                   ,
                   Standards
                   ,
                   Carved-work
                   and
                   Double-work
                   ,
                   and
                   would
                   not
                   do
                   amiss
                   for
                   
                   Sheathing
                   ,
                   if
                   Nails
                   can
                   be
                   found
                   to
                   last
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   thought
                   convenient
                   to
                   be
                   particular
                   in
                   mentioning
                   as
                   well
                   the
                   size
                   and
                   weight
                   as
                   its
                   Uses
                   ,
                   to
                   satisfie
                   those
                   who
                   may
                   be
                   concerned
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Anthony
                   Dean
                   ,
                   
                     Master-Builder
                     at
                  
                   Portsmouth
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   Portsmouth
                   .
                
              
               
                 THese
                 are
                 to
                 Certifie
                 whom
                 it
                 may
                 concern
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 the
                 Mary
                 and
                 Lyon
                 having
                 been
                 both
                 on
                 ground
                 at
                 Portsmouth
                 ,
                 
                 we
                 did
                 view
                 the
                 Sheathing
                 upon
                 the
                 said
                 Ships
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 done
                 at
                 Chatham
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1672.
                 and
                 do
                 find
                 it
                 〈◊〉
                 on
                 exceeding
                 well
                 ,
                 the
                 Salt-water
                 having
                 not
                 eaten
                 either
                 the
                 Lead
                 or
                 the
                 Nails
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 as
                 we
                 can
                 discern
                 .
              
               
                 
                   
                     
                       Dan.
                       Furzer
                       ,
                       Master-Builder
                       .
                    
                     
                       Rog.
                       Eastwood
                       ,
                       Assistant
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Feb.
                     2.
                     1673
                     
                     /
                     4
                     ;
                     .
                  
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   Chatham
                   .
                
              
               
                 THese
                 may
                 Certifie
                 whom
                 it
                 may
                 concrrn
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 the
                 Ships
                 whose
                 Names
                 are
                 mentioned
                 in
                 the
                 Margent
                 ,
                 
                 were
                 sheathed
                 with
                 thin
                 Lead
                 at
                 his
                 Majesty's
                 Yard
                 at
                 Chatham
                 ,
                 prepared
                 and
                 made
                 after
                 the
                 New
                 Invention
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 Mary
                 having
                 been
                 here
                 in
                 the
                 Dock
                 since
                 she
                 was
                 Sheathed
                 ,
                 her
                 sheathing
                 
                 lay
                 all
                 very
                 firm
                 ,
                 smooth
                 ,
                 and
                 good
                 as
                 when
                 first
                 put
                 on
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 clean
                 ;
                 and
                 I
                 am
                 of
                 Opinion
                 that
                 the
                 Lead
                 made
                 after
                 this
                 new
                 Inveution
                 ,
                 being
                 so
                 close
                 pressed
                 ,
                 smooth
                 ,
                 and
                 equal
                 in
                 all
                 parts
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 much
                 more
                 useful
                 for
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 and
                 cheaper
                 than
                 the
                 Lead
                 cast
                 after
                 the
                 usual
                 manner
                 ,
                 this
                 Lead
                 after
                 this
                 new
                 Invention
                 being
                 fit
                 for
                 all
                 uses
                 about
                 a
                 Ship
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 made
                 to
                 weigh
                 3
                 ,
                 4
                 ,
                 or
                 5
                 l.
                 to
                 the
                 Foot
                 square
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Phin.
                   Pett
                   ,
                   
                     Master-Builder
                     at
                  
                   Chatham
                   .
                
                 
                   Chatham-Dock
                   ,
                   
                     Feb.
                     25.
                     1673
                     
                     /
                     4.
                     
                  
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   Woolwich
                   .
                
              
               
                 WHereas
                 his
                 Majesties
                 Ships
                 the
                 Phoenix
                 and
                 Dreadnought
                 were
                 above
                 three
                 years
                 
                 since
                 sheathed
                 by
                 Major
                 Watsons
                 new
                 Invention
                 with
                 thin
                 Lead
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 at
                 their
                 Returns
                 after
                 several
                 forreign
                 Voyages
                 being
                 ordered
                 into
                 his
                 Majesties
                 Dock
                 at
                 Woolwich
                 ,
                 and
                 committed
                 to
                 my
                 care
                 to
                 search
                 the
                 condition
                 of
                 their
                 Hulls
                 ;
                 upon
                 view
                 thereof
                 I
                 do
                 hereby
                 certifie
                 ,
                 
                 (
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 fears
                 the
                 said
                 Sheathings
                 might
                 have
                 been
                 prejudiced
                 by
                 the
                 Cables
                 ,
                 lying
                 on
                 ground
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 other
                 Accident
                 )
                 That
                 their
                 Sheathings
                 did
                 continue
                 very
                 firm
                 and
                 fast
                 ,
                 
                 without
                 the
                 least
                 damage
                 from
                 the
                 first
                 doing
                 thereof
                 ,
                 the
                 Phoenix
                 particularly
                 having
                 then
                 made
                 two
                 Voyages
                 into
                 the
                 Streights
                 ,
                 was
                 since
                 sent
                 a
                 Voyage
                 into
                 Guinny
                 without
                 any
                 Amendment
                 .
              
               
               
                 Furthermore
                 ,
                 
                 His
                 Majesties
                 Ship
                 the
                 Bristol
                 being
                 in
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 April
                 last
                 ordered
                 under
                 my
                 Charge
                 to
                 be
                 sheathed
                 ,
                 
                 I
                 sheathed
                 her
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 sort
                 of
                 Lead
                 and
                 Nails
                 in
                 less
                 than
                 three
                 days
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 charge
                 thereof
                 upon
                 the
                 exactest
                 Computation
                 I
                 could
                 make
                 ,
                 did
                 amount
                 to
                 258.
                 
                   l.
                   4.
                   s.
                
                 which
                 is
                 as
                 little
                 as
                 she
                 could
                 possibly
                 cost
                 for
                 an
                 ordinary
                 sheathing
                 of
                 Boards
                 of
                 1.
                 inch
                 ,
                 well
                 nailed
                 .
                 This
                 I
                 could
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Certifie
                 under
                 my
                 hand
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Phin.
                   Pett
                   ,
                   
                     Master-Builder
                     at
                  
                   Woolwich
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Iuly
                     2.
                     1674.
                     
                  
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   Sheerness
                   .
                
              
               
                 THese
                 are
                 to
                 Certifie
                 ,
                 
                 That
                 about
                 nine
                 or
                 ten
                 dayes
                 since
                 his
                 Majesties
                 Ships
                 the
                 Henrietta
                 and
                 Phoenix
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 sheathed
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 were
                 haled
                 on
                 Shore
                 at
                 his
                 Majesties
                 Yard
                 at
                 Sheerness
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 said
                 Ships
                 coming
                 in
                 thither
                 from
                 cruising
                 in
                 the
                 Channel
                 ,
                 the
                 latter
                 having
                 made
                 her
                 Voyage
                 into
                 the
                 Streights
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 I
                 found
                 the
                 sheathing
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Ships
                 very
                 firm
                 and
                 good
                 ,
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 damnified
                 by
                 the
                 ranging
                 of
                 the
                 Cables
                 along
                 the
                 side
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 rubbing
                 on
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 or
                 otherwise
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Iohn
                   Shish
                   ,
                   Master-Builder
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Octob.
                     2.
                     1674.
                     
                  
                
              
            
             
               
               
                 THese
                 are
                 to
                 Certifie
                 ,
                 
                 That
                 I
                 was
                 Carpenter
                 of
                 his
                 Majesties
                 Ship
                 the
                 Phoenix
                 ,
                 in
                 her
                 Voyage
                 from
                 the
                 West-Indies
                 ,
                 or
                 Barbadoes
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 1674.
                 
                 Captain
                 Atkins
                 Commander
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 were
                 coming
                 home
                 in
                 a
                 storm
                 of
                 Wind
                 ,
                 reeving
                 our
                 fore
                 course
                 the
                 Rudder
                 snapt
                 off
                 ,
                 the
                 waters
                 edge
                 being
                 worm
                 eaten
                 quite
                 through
                 ,
                 the
                 lower
                 part
                 tore
                 away
                 all
                 the
                 eyes
                 of
                 the
                 braces
                 under
                 water
                 excepting
                 one
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 so
                 sunk
                 ,
                 the
                 upper
                 part
                 hung
                 fast
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 hung
                 over-board
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 off
                 ,
                 unto
                 which
                 I
                 fastened
                 Planks
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Rudder
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 I
                 could
                 ;
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Rudder
                 being
                 lost
                 ,
                 was
                 by
                 the
                 Worm
                 eating
                 it
                 in
                 pieces
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Edward
                   Ledger
                   ,
                   Carpenter
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 THese
                 are
                 to
                 Certifie
                 ,
                 That
                 I
                 
                   Edw.
                   Wright
                
                 was
                 entred
                 Cooper
                 on
                 board
                 the
                 Kingsfisher
                 ,
                 
                 about
                 four
                 months
                 before
                 she
                 was
                 sheathed
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 her
                 Rudder
                 Irons
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 was
                 informed
                 )
                 was
                 put
                 on
                 her
                 at
                 Woodbridge
                 about
                 a
                 year
                 before
                 ,
                 the
                 Ship
                 having
                 afterwards
                 lain
                 in
                 Chatham
                 River
                 till
                 I
                 entred
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 was
                 on
                 board
                 her
                 above
                 two
                 years
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 two
                 years
                 in
                 the
                 Streights
                 ,
                 Captain
                 Trotter
                 Commander
                 .
                 That
                 she
                 had
                 none
                 of
                 her
                 Rudder-Irons
                 shifted
                 all
                 that
                 time
                 except
                 one
                 Pintel
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 broke
                 ,
                 and
                 amended
                 at
                 Legorne
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 her
                 new
                 Voyage
                 when
                 he
                 left
                 her
                 about
                 a
                 year
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 agoe
                 ,
                 she
                 shifted
                 none
                 of
                 her
                 said
                 Rudder-Irons
                 .
                 That
                 in
                 the
                 said
                 Voyage
                 they
                 did
                 many
                 times
                 clean
                 the
                 said
                 Ship
                 as
                 there
                 was
                 ccoasion
                 ,
                 which
                 kept
                 clean
                 much
                 better
                 than
                 a
                 Wood-sheathing
                 :
                 And
                 when
                 they
                 had
                 occasion
                 in
                 
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 months
                 time
                 or
                 thereabouts
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 had
                 opportunity
                 ,
                 they
                 used
                 to
                 Careen
                 her
                 with
                 her
                 Guns
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 half
                 the
                 time
                 and
                 trouble
                 ,
                 with
                 bristle
                 brushes
                 ,
                 provided
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 they
                 used
                 to
                 clean
                 her
                 as
                 they
                 had
                 formerly
                 done
                 their
                 board-sheathing
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 
                   Jo.
                   Ward
                
                 her
                 Carpenter
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Robert
                   Bodenham
                
                 her
                 Boatswain
                 ,
                 now
                 in
                 the
                 Streights
                 ,
                 were
                 so
                 much
                 pleased
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 often
                 fall
                 into
                 commendation
                 of
                 that
                 new
                 way
                 of
                 sheathing
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 easiness
                 of
                 keeping
                 it
                 clean
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 great
                 advantage
                 thereby
                 to
                 the
                 Ship
                 in
                 its
                 Sailing
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Edward
                   Wright
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Novemb.
                     22.
                     1682.
                     
                  
                
              
            
             
               
                 WE
                 ,
                 whose
                 Names
                 are
                 underwritten
                 ,
                 
                 Carpenters
                 ,
                 employed
                 about
                 the
                 stripping
                 the
                 Mill'd
                 Lead-sheathing
                 of
                 the
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 at
                 her
                 coming
                 into
                 Mr.
                 Castles
                 Dock
                 at
                 Deptford
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 repaired
                 in
                 September
                 1686.
                 do
                 hereby
                 Certifie
                 the
                 said
                 sheathing
                 lay
                 on
                 very
                 very
                 well
                 and
                 whole
                 ,
                 from
                 any
                 galling
                 by
                 the
                 Cables
                 or
                 rubbing
                 off
                 on
                 ground
                 ,
                 preserved
                 its
                 Plank
                 smooth
                 and
                 sound
                 ,
                 from
                 any
                 Worm
                 eating
                 as
                 at
                 first
                 laying
                 on
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 about
                 ten
                 years
                 since
                 .
              
               
                 
                   
                     
                       Will.
                       Bowerman
                       .
                    
                     
                       John
                       Rumney
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Octob.
                     3.
                     1686.
                     
                  
                
              
            
             
               
               
                 A
                 Letter
                 from
                 the
                 Master-Builders
                 Assistant
                 at
                 Deptford
                 ,
                 formerly
                 Master-Caulker
                 at
                 Portsmouth
                 .
              
               
                 
                   SIR
                   ,
                
              
               
                 AFter
                 my
                 hearty
                 Service
                 presented
                 to
                 you
                 ,
                 These
                 are
                 to
                 acquaint
                 you
                 that
                 I
                 had
                 answered
                 your
                 Letter
                 e're
                 this
                 time
                 ,
                 
                 only
                 I
                 did
                 think
                 it
                 convenient
                 to
                 see
                 how
                 the
                 
                 Mary's
                 Bolts
                 proved
                 at
                 Woolwich
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 I
                 now
                 understand
                 are
                 very
                 bad
                 ;
                 these
                 Bolts
                 have
                 been
                 drove
                 13
                 or
                 14
                 Years
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 expected
                 any
                 better
                 than
                 they
                 be
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Plank
                 is
                 very
                 good
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 was
                 the
                 
                 Plymouth's
                 and
                 
                 Dreadnought's
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 the
                 worse
                 for
                 the
                 Worm
                 except
                 where
                 the
                 Lead
                 was
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 not
                 worth
                 speaking
                 of
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 Ships
                 (
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 I
                 see
                 )
                 the
                 Plank
                 proved
                 as
                 good
                 as
                 those
                 which
                 were
                 sheathed
                 with
                 Board
                 :
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 Bolts
                 and
                 Braces
                 ,
                 I
                 dare
                 engage
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 secured
                 in
                 parcelling
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Ships
                 which
                 were
                 sheathed
                 with
                 Lead
                 very
                 tight
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 work
                 was
                 very
                 open
                 under
                 the
                 sheathing
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Zach.
                   Medbury
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Iuly
                     4.
                     1680.
                     
                  
                
              
            
             
               
               
                 A
                 Letter
                 from
                 the
                 Master-Builder
                 of
                 Portsmouth
                 to
                 the
                 Lord
                 Churchil
                 .
              
               
                 
                   My
                   LORD
                   ,
                
              
               
                 IN
                 Answer
                 to
                 your
                 Lordships
                 Letter
                 ,
                 my
                 Opinion
                 of
                 Lead-sheathing
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 finest
                 and
                 cleanest
                 Sheathing
                 in
                 the
                 world
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 for
                 the
                 destruction
                 of
                 the
                 Bolts
                 ;
                 I
                 say
                 when
                 well
                 parcelled
                 ,
                 no
                 defect
                 can
                 come
                 from
                 the
                 Lead-sheathing
                 ;
                 for
                 I
                 have
                 made
                 it
                 my
                 observation
                 ,
                 That
                 where
                 the
                 Bolt
                 heads
                 are
                 carefully
                 parcelled
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 or
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 a
                 Wood-sheathing
                 )
                 no
                 defect
                 is
                 found
                 ,
                 but
                 where
                 that
                 is
                 neglected
                 ,
                 the
                 water
                 getting
                 between
                 the
                 Bolt-head
                 and
                 the
                 Lead
                 ,
                 there
                 both
                 the
                 Lead
                 and
                 Iron
                 are
                 usually
                 decayed
                 :
                 But
                 I
                 find
                 that
                 his
                 Majesties
                 Ships
                 in
                 ten
                 or
                 twelve
                 years
                 are
                 generally
                 Iron-sick
                 ,
                 whether
                 sheathed
                 either
                 way
                 or
                 not
                 sheathed
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 builg
                 water
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Rudder-Irons
                 ,
                 I
                 find
                 that
                 the
                 Pintells
                 decay
                 soonest
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 an
                 unconstant
                 and
                 unequal
                 decay
                 in
                 the
                 said
                 Iron
                 are
                 in
                 all
                 Ships
                 ,
                 is
                 most
                 certain
                 ,
                 sheathed
                 or
                 not
                 ,
                 and
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 goodness
                 and
                 well
                 working
                 of
                 the
                 Iron
                 ,
                 some
                 prove
                 of
                 longer
                 durance
                 than
                 other
                 ,
                 the
                 soon
                 decay
                 I
                 cannot
                 impute
                 to
                 the
                 Lead-sheathing
                 ,
                 but
                 if
                 such
                 decay
                 were
                 ,
                 hanging
                 the
                 Rudder
                 Flemish
                 Fashion
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 easie
                 to
                 unhang
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 such
                 decay
                 to
                 hang
                 on
                 new
                 ones
                 ,
                 the
                 Braces
                 being
                 much
                 more
                 durable
                 than
                 the
                 Pintells
                 :
                 And
                 as
                 Wood-sheathing
                 requires
                 to
                 
                 be
                 stript
                 once
                 in
                 three
                 years
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Worm
                 eats
                 ,
                 so
                 my
                 Opinion
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Lead-sheathing
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 stript
                 once
                 in
                 seven
                 years
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Ochams
                 decaying
                 in
                 the
                 Seams
                 ;
                 (
                 the
                 which
                 would
                 lye
                 on
                 much
                 longer
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 firm
                 ,
                 were
                 it
                 not
                 for
                 such
                 decay
                 )
                 and
                 as
                 to
                 its
                 fouling
                 ,
                 it
                 fouls
                 nothing
                 near
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 a
                 Wood-sheathing
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 foul
                 is
                 easily
                 cleaned
                 with
                 brushes
                 ,
                 or
                 Scrapers
                 if
                 barnicled
                 ,
                 with
                 very
                 little
                 trouble
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 also
                 endure
                 a
                 handsome
                 fire
                 to
                 dry
                 the
                 same
                 if
                 occasion
                 requires
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 this
                 Sheathing
                 is
                 stript
                 ,
                 the
                 Plank
                 is
                 no
                 wise
                 damaged
                 by
                 the
                 Worm
                 as
                 we
                 ever
                 found
                 :
                 This
                 I
                 hope
                 gives
                 your
                 Lordship
                 full
                 satisfaction
                 from
              
               
                 
                   
                     Your
                     Lordships
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   Isaac
                   Betts
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Iuly
                     4.
                     1687.
                     
                  
                
              
            
             
               
                 A
                 Letter
                 from
                 Sir
                 Phineas
                 Pet
                 ,
                 Commissioner
                 at
                 Chatham
                 ,
                 to
                 my
                 Lord
                 Churchil
                 .
              
               
                 
                   My
                   LORD
                   ,
                
              
               
                 IN
                 Answer
                 to
                 your
                 Lordships
                 Letter
                 ,
                 desiring
                 my
                 opinion
                 of
                 the
                 Lead-sheathing
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Complaints
                 that
                 some
                 have
                 made
                 against
                 the
                 Rudder-Irons
                 and
                 Bolts
                 of
                 several
                 of
                 the
                 Lead-sheathed
                 Ships
                 ,
                 I
                 return
                 your
                 Lordship
                 this
                 general
                 Account
                 following
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 suppose
                 will
                 give
                 your
                 Lordship
                 
                 full
                 satisfaction
                 .
                 While
                 I
                 was
                 his
                 Majesties
                 Master
                 Builder
                 here
                 at
                 Chatham
                 ,
                 it
                 fell
                 into
                 my
                 way
                 to
                 sheath
                 and
                 strip
                 divers
                 of
                 those
                 Ships
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 I
                 had
                 opportunity
                 enough
                 to
                 make
                 full
                 observations
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 the
                 Iron-work
                 as
                 sheathing
                 ;
                 and
                 I
                 must
                 confess
                 after
                 I
                 had
                 seen
                 some
                 of
                 those
                 Ships
                 return
                 from
                 their
                 Voyages
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Lyon
                   ,
                   Henrietta
                
                 and
                 Mary
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 sheathing
                 firm
                 and
                 sound
                 ,
                 free
                 from
                 the
                 Worm
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 clean
                 ,
                 I
                 look'd
                 upon
                 this
                 sheathing
                 as
                 a
                 very
                 happy
                 Invention
                 for
                 his
                 Majesties
                 Service
                 ,
                 to
                 have
                 his
                 Friggats
                 thus
                 secured
                 from
                 the
                 Worm
                 ,
                 without
                 hinderance
                 to
                 their
                 Sailing
                 ,
                 which
                 a
                 thick
                 Wood-sheathing
                 must
                 needs
                 be
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 its
                 duration
                 ,
                 the
                 charge
                 that
                 was
                 saved
                 in
                 Graving
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 value
                 of
                 the
                 old
                 sheathing
                 (
                 being
                 Mettal
                 )
                 when
                 stript
                 must
                 needs
                 be
                 considerably
                 cheaper
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 I
                 am
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Opinion
                 still
                 ,
                 though
                 I
                 have
                 heard
                 divers
                 Commanders
                 and
                 others
                 say
                 ,
                 this
                 Sheathing
                 is
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 decayer
                 of
                 the
                 Iron-work
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 may
                 fancy
                 by
                 taking
                 notice
                 only
                 of
                 some
                 particular
                 Ships
                 that
                 perhaps
                 may
                 have
                 had
                 their
                 Rudder-Irons
                 last
                 a
                 shorter
                 time
                 with
                 a
                 Lead-sheathing
                 ,
                 than
                 they
                 have
                 observed
                 some
                 other
                 Ships
                 that
                 have
                 been
                 sheathed
                 with
                 Wood
                 ,
                 being
                 not
                 acquainted
                 with
                 the
                 searching
                 and
                 repairs
                 of
                 Iron-work
                 in
                 Ships
                 of
                 all
                 kinds
                 as
                 Shipwrights
                 are
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 great
                 inequality
                 we
                 constantly
                 find
                 in
                 the
                 lasting
                 of
                 the
                 Rudder-Irons
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Iron-work
                 in
                 all
                 Ships
                 ,
                 whether
                 sheathed
                 either
                 way
                 ,
                 or
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 known
                 
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 always
                 look
                 upon
                 to
                 come
                 from
                 the
                 Smith
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 better
                 or
                 worse
                 mixing
                 ,
                 welding
                 ,
                 and
                 working
                 his
                 Iron
                 :
                 Nor
                 can
                 I
                 imagine
                 how
                 the
                 Lead-sheathing
                 should
                 be
                 any
                 cause
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 decay
                 in
                 Iron-work
                 ,
                 for
                 we
                 use
                 in
                 Wood-sheathing
                 to
                 Capp
                 the
                 Bolt-heads
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 times
                 to
                 sheath
                 the
                 Rudder-Post
                 ,
                 and
                 Beard
                 of
                 the
                 Rudder
                 with
                 Lead
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 the
                 Nails
                 ,
                 their
                 Heads
                 are
                 so
                 thin
                 and
                 small
                 ,
                 that
                 I
                 do
                 not
                 see
                 how
                 they
                 should
                 continue
                 so
                 long
                 in
                 the
                 sides
                 of
                 a
                 Ship
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 some
                 of
                 these
                 Ships
                 have
                 been
                 sheathed
                 ,
                 )
                 and
                 at
                 stripping
                 appear
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 to
                 be
                 diminished
                 in
                 their
                 substance
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 communicate
                 such
                 a
                 corroding
                 mischief
                 to
                 the
                 Iron-work
                 as
                 some
                 would
                 have
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 such
                 a
                 thing
                 were
                 ,
                 well
                 parcelling
                 the
                 Bolts
                 would
                 secure
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Rudder-Irons
                 can
                 decay
                 in
                 no
                 Voyage
                 so
                 fast
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 having
                 a
                 fresh
                 set
                 always
                 on
                 Board
                 ,
                 opportunity
                 may
                 be
                 found
                 time
                 enough
                 to
                 shift
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 very
                 well
                 be
                 contrived
                 ,
                 rather
                 than
                 to
                 lose
                 so
                 many
                 other
                 great
                 Benefits
                 that
                 Lead-sheathing
                 brings
                 with
                 it
                 to
                 his
                 Majesties
                 Service
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Publick
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 I
                 think
                 the
                 substance
                 of
                 what
                 your
                 Lordship
                 would
                 be
                 satisfied
                 in
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 you
                 desire
                 any
                 thing
                 more
                 particularly
                 ,
                 you
                 may
                 command
              
               
                 
                   Your
                   Lordships
                   most
                   ,
                   
                     &c.
                     Phin.
                     Pett
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     April
                     12.
                     1688.
                     
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             
             
               PURSERS
               Certificates
               for
               the
               Goodness
               of
               Sheathing-Lead
               to
               line
               the
               Bread-rooms
               .
            
             
               
                 THese
                 Certifie
                 ,
                 
                 That
                 the
                 Bread-rooms
                 of
                 his
                 Majesties
                 Ship
                 
                   Royal
                   Catherine
                
                 being
                 lined
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 did
                 very
                 well
                 preserve
                 the
                 Bisquet
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 that
                 during
                 the
                 term
                 of
                 her
                 Voyage
                 1672
                 and
                 1673.
                 there
                 was
                 not
                 any
                 Bisquet
                 damaged
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Jacob
                   Bryan
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 THese
                 are
                 to
                 Certifie
                 ,
                 
                 That
                 his
                 Majesties
                 Ship
                 the
                 Fairfax
                 Bread-rooms
                 were
                 lined
                 with
                 Lead
                 about
                 two
                 years
                 since
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 said
                 Bread-rooms
                 was
                 Bread
                 for
                 nine
                 or
                 ten
                 years
                 ,
                 which
                 during
                 the
                 said
                 time
                 was
                 not
                 removed
                 ,
                 or
                 stirred
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 at
                 the
                 expiration
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 time
                 as
                 good
                 as
                 when
                 it
                 was
                 first
                 put
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 received
                 no
                 damage
                 by
                 wet
                 or
                 damp
                 to
                 the
                 prejudice
                 of
                 the
                 Bread.
                 
              
               
                 
                   William
                   Rivers
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Ian.
                     24.
                     1674.
                     
                  
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   SIR
                   ,
                
              
               
                 YOu
                 having
                 a
                 desire
                 to
                 hear
                 how
                 the
                 leading
                 of
                 the
                 Bread
                 room
                 of
                 the
                 St.
                 David
                 ,
                 
                 was
                 a
                 
                 preservation
                 of
                 the
                 Bread
                 ,
                 I
                 do
                 assure
                 you
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 it
                 had
                 not
                 been
                 for
                 the
                 leading
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 not
                 have
                 lasted
                 half
                 so
                 long
                 ;
                 for
                 I
                 was
                 two
                 years
                 in
                 the
                 said
                 Ship
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 very
                 last
                 of
                 our
                 Bread
                 did
                 hold
                 out
                 to
                 be
                 as
                 good
                 as
                 the
                 first
                 .
              
               
                 
                   
                     Ian.
                     5.
                     1673
                     
                     /
                     4
                  
                
                 
                   Wilm
                   .
                   New.
                   
                
              
            
             
               
                 THese
                 do
                 Certifie
                 whom
                 it
                 may
                 concern
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Bread-room
                 belonging
                 to
                 his
                 Majesty's
                 Ship
                 the
                 
                   Happy
                   Return
                
                 are
                 lined
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 Lead
                 hath
                 for
                 eight
                 Months
                 together
                 preserved
                 the
                 Bread
                 from
                 any
                 Damage
                 without
                 being
                 stirred
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 was
                 in
                 as
                 good
                 Condition
                 as
                 at
                 first
                 putting
                 in
                 .
              
               
                 
                   
                     Feb.
                     23.
                     1673
                     
                     /
                     4
                  
                
                 
                   Maur.
                   Linch
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 THese
                 are
                 to
                 Certifie
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 the
                 Bread-room
                 of
                 his
                 Majesty's
                 Ship
                 
                   Royal
                   Prince
                
                 being
                 lined
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 did
                 very
                 well
                 preserve
                 the
                 Bisquet
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 that
                 during
                 the
                 last
                 Voyage
                 betwixt
                 1
                 May
                 ,
                 1673.
                 and
                 24.
                 
                 Octob.
                 following
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 term
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Voyage
                 any
                 Bisquet
                 damaged
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Triamer
                   Pickstock
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
               
                 THese
                 are
                 to
                 Certifie
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Bread-room
                 of
                 his
                 Majesty's
                 Ship
                 
                   St.
                   George
                
                 ,
                 
                 being
                 seeled
                 with
                 Lead
                 ,
                 did
                 preserve
                 and
                 keep
                 our
                 Bread
                 in
                 very
                 good
                 condition
                 the
                 whole
                 time
                 that
                 she
                 was
                 at
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
                 
                   
                     Sept.
                     10.
                     1674.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   David
                   Willis
                   .
                
              
            
          
           
             
               Perhaps
               it
               may
               be
               acceptable
               to
               some
               Readers
               ,
               to
               have
               a
               glancing
               and
               shorter
               View
               of
               the
               
                 Company
                 's
                 Answer
              
               to
               the
               Officers
               of
               the
               Navy's
               Report
               and
               Complaints
               to
               the
               Lords
               Commissioners
               of
               the
               Admiralty
               against
               the
               Lead-sheathing
               ;
               and
               therefore
               it
               is
               thought
               fit
               that
               the
               Reader
               be
               entertained
               therewith
               ,
               as
               the
               same
               was
               also
               drawn
               by
               the
               Pen
               of
               that
               ingenious
               Person
               Mr.
               Pepys
               ,
               viz.
               
            
             
               
               
                 A
                 BRIEF
                 OF
                 THE
                 Controversie
                 Depending
                 between
                 The
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 NAVY
                 ,
                 
                 AND
                 Sir
                 Philip
                 Howard
                 and
                 Company
                 ,
                 TOUCHING
                 The
                 late
                 Invention
                 and
                 Practice
                 of
                 Sheathing
                 his
                 Majesty's
                 Ships
                 with
                 LEAD
                 .
              
               
                 
                   SIr
                   Philip
                   Howard
                
                 and
                 Company
                 ,
                 Interested
                 in
                 the
                 Manufacture
                 of
                 Mill'd-Lead
                 ,
                 and
                 Contraction
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Officers
                   of
                   the
                   Navy
                
                 for
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 his
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 being
                 surprized
                 with
                 a
                 late
                 Report
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Lords
                   of
                   the
                   Admiralty
                
                 from
                 the
                 said
                 Officers
                 in
                 prejudice
                 of
                 this
                 Invention
                 ,
                 did
                 (
                 in
                 right
                 to
                 hi●
                 Majesty
                 and
                 his
                 Service
                 ,
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 to
                 it
                 and
                 
                 themselves
                 )
                 present
                 their
                 Lordships
                 this
                 Day
                 with
                 a
                 Reply
                 to
                 that
                 Report
                 ,
                 containing
                 an
                 ample
                 Deduction
                 and
                 State
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Matter
                 ,
                 whereof
                 the
                 following
                 is
                 an
                 Abstract
                 :
              
               
                 
                   Shewing
                   ,
                   THat
                   this
                   Company
                   becoming
                   Masters
                   of
                   the
                   said
                   Invention
                   ,
                   
                     Anno
                     ▪
                  
                   1670
                   ,
                   they
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   Year
                   submitted
                   it
                   (
                   as
                   a
                   Matter
                   of
                   publick
                   Import
                   )
                   to
                   the
                   Examination
                   and
                   Censure
                   of
                   Parliament
                   .
                   Where
                   after
                   passing
                   the
                   most
                   solemn
                   and
                   strict
                   Methods
                   of
                   Inquisition
                   in
                   both
                   Houses
                   ,
                   it
                   received
                   their
                   Approval
                   and
                   Confirmation
                   ,
                   by
                   an
                   Act
                   granted
                   to
                   that
                   Effect
                   ,
                   in
                   Terms
                   most
                   Expressive
                   of
                   their
                   satisfaction
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   Intentions
                   of
                   Encouragement
                   to
                   its
                   Inventors
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   which
                   ,
                   it
                   was
                   by
                   his
                   Majesties
                   Command
                   immediately
                   put
                   in
                   Execution
                   ,
                   first
                   upon
                   the
                   Phoenix
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   successively
                   upon
                   other
                   of
                   his
                   Ships
                   .
                   But
                   not
                   without
                   continued
                   Industry
                   and
                   Combinations
                   employed
                   against
                   it
                   ,
                   by
                   Persons
                   interested
                   so
                   to
                   do
                   ,
                   until
                   by
                   a
                   three
                   years
                   proof
                   of
                   its
                   Efficacy
                   ,
                   in
                   contradiction
                   to
                   all
                   that
                   had
                   been
                   objected
                   against
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   more
                   particularly
                   from
                   the
                   satisfaction
                   his
                   Majesty
                   received
                   concerning
                   it
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   personal
                   View
                   and
                   Observation
                   o●
                   its
                   success
                   upon
                   the
                   Phoenix
                   ;
                   he
                   was
                   pleased
                   to
                   put
                   an
                   end
                   to
                   the
                   same
                   in
                   the
                   Year
                   1673.
                   by
                   an
                   Order
                   from
                   the
                   then
                   
                     Lords
                     of
                     the
                     Admiralty
                  
                   ,
                   solemnly
                   establishing
                   this
                   Method
                   of
                   sheathing
                   ,
                   in
                   Exclusion
                   to
                   all
                   that
                   had
                   been
                   till
                   then
                   used
                   in
                   the
                   Navy
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Notwithstanding
                   which
                   ,
                   the
                   said
                   Officers
                   thought
                   fit
                   to
                   take
                   yet
                   two
                   Years
                   more
                   for
                   its
                   Probation
                   ,
                   (
                   in
                   all
                   
                     five
                     Years
                  
                   )
                   before
                   they
                   would
                   make
                   it
                   the
                   
                   King
                   's
                   ,
                   by
                   entering
                   into
                   any
                   Contract
                   for
                   it
                   with
                   this
                   Company
                   :
                   Which
                   then
                   (
                   viz.
                   in
                   the
                   Year
                   1675.
                   )
                   they
                   did
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   not
                   only
                   with
                   a
                   Condition
                   of
                   securing
                   the
                   benefit
                   of
                   it
                   to
                   his
                   Majesty
                   for
                   
                     Twenty
                     Years
                  
                   to
                   come
                   ,
                   (
                   which
                   was
                   the
                   whole
                   Term
                   the
                   Company
                   had
                   then
                   remaining
                   in
                   it
                   )
                   but
                   an
                   express
                   Declaration
                   of
                   their
                   entering
                   into
                   this
                   Contract
                   ,
                   
                     Upon
                     sufficient
                     experience
                     had
                     of
                     the
                     goodness
                     and
                     usefulness
                     of
                     this
                     Invention
                     ,
                     both
                     as
                     to
                     the
                     Lead
                     and
                     Nails
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   All
                   this
                   neverthesess
                   not
                   sufficing
                   against
                   the
                   Private
                   Interests
                   concern'd
                   to
                   expose
                   it
                   ;
                   a
                   new
                   Exception
                   was
                   soon
                   after
                   rais'd
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   score
                   of
                   a
                   Pretended
                   Discovery
                   made
                   of
                   some
                   Occult
                   Quality
                   in
                   the
                   Lead
                   ,
                   by
                   which
                   the
                   Rudder-Irons
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Iron-works
                   of
                   his
                   Majesties
                   Ships
                   under
                   water
                   were
                   said
                   to
                   be
                   in
                   an
                   unusual
                   Degree
                   eaten
                   and
                   corroded
                   with
                   Rust.
                   
                
                 
                   Upon
                   which
                   his
                   Majesty
                   and
                   the
                   
                     Lords
                     of
                     the
                     Admiralty
                  
                   did
                   by
                   several
                   and
                   repeated
                   Orders
                   in
                   the
                   Months
                   of
                   April
                   and
                   May
                   1678.
                   not
                   only
                   recommend
                   and
                   press
                   upon
                   the
                   Officers●of
                   the
                   Navy
                   ,
                   the
                   making
                   a
                   strict
                   Enquiry
                   into
                   the
                   General
                   Truth
                   ,
                   and
                   Natural
                   Ground
                   of
                   the
                   Evil
                   so
                   complain'd
                   of
                   ;
                   but
                   upon
                   a
                   reasonable
                   suggection
                   then
                   made
                   by
                   this
                   Company
                   ,
                   of
                   its
                   being
                   rather
                   chargeable
                   upon
                   some
                   Defect
                   in
                   the
                   Iron-work
                   it self
                   ,
                   than
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   apprehended
                   from
                   the
                   Lead
                   ,
                   They
                   were
                   pleased
                   to
                   direct
                   several
                   Ships
                   to
                   be
                   expresly
                   fitted
                   ,
                   
                   and
                   other
                   things
                   done
                   by
                   the
                   said
                   Officers
                   in
                   conjunction
                   with
                   this
                   Company
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   the
                   better
                   discovery
                   of
                   the
                   Truth
                   in
                   that
                   Particular
                   ;
                   but
                   without
                   any
                   regard
                   shewn
                   either
                   to
                   those
                   Orders
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   the
                   Importance
                   of
                   their
                   Contents
                   to
                   his
                   Majesty
                   ,
                   by
                   any
                   thing
                   that
                   appears
                   to
                   have
                   been
                   done
                   towards
                   it
                   by
                   the
                   said
                   Officers
                   ,
                   from
                   that
                   very
                   day
                   to
                   the
                   Date
                   of
                   this
                   Report
                   in
                   October
                   last
                   ,
                   wherein
                   (
                   upon
                   the
                   single
                   score
                   of
                   its
                   suppos'd
                   Influence
                   upon
                   Iron
                   ,
                   )
                   they
                   take
                   upon
                   them
                   peremptorily
                   to
                   Advise
                   against
                   the
                   further
                   use
                   of
                   Lead-sheathing
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   other
                   Evidence
                   of
                   the
                   Truth
                   or
                   Ground
                   of
                   that
                   their
                   Supposal
                   ,
                   than
                   what
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   inferred
                   from
                   a
                   Particular
                   thereto
                   annex'd
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   Decays
                   of
                   Iron-work
                   observ'd
                   upon
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Lead-sheathed
                   Ships
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   invalidity
                   of
                   which
                   Instances
                   being
                   severally
                   opened
                   by
                   this
                   Company
                   ,
                   with
                   respect
                   no
                   less
                   to
                   their
                   Truth
                   ,
                   Consistencies
                   ,
                   and
                   Cogency
                   ,
                   than
                   to
                   their
                   Disproportion
                   in
                   Number
                   to
                   those
                   of
                   the
                   like
                   sheathing
                   ,
                   against
                   which
                   nothing
                   of
                   Complaint
                   has
                   been
                   suggested
                   by
                   them
                   ;
                   The
                   Company
                   proceeds
                   to
                   shew
                   ,
                
                 
                   I.
                   That
                   the
                   sheathing
                   of
                   Ships
                   with
                   Lead
                   ,
                   neither
                   is
                   nor
                   can
                   (
                   as
                   such
                   )
                   be
                   the
                   Cause
                   of
                   any
                   decay
                   in
                   Iron
                   :
                   And
                   this
                   ,
                
                 
                   1.
                   
                   From
                   the
                   Universal
                   Consent
                   of
                   Persons
                   of
                   the
                   most
                   allowed
                   Knowledge
                   in
                   the
                   Theory
                   and
                   Operation
                   of
                   Metals
                   .
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   From
                   the
                   Universal
                   Practice
                   (
                   both
                   Ancient
                   and
                   Modern
                   )
                   of
                   the
                   Shipwrights
                   of
                   England
                   ,
                   
                   in
                   their
                   special
                   Application
                   of
                   Lead
                   to
                   the
                   preserving
                   of
                   Iron-work
                   .
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   From
                   the
                   like
                   Practice
                   in
                   
                     Forraign
                     Nations
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   From
                   their
                   Observations
                   touching
                   the
                   unequal
                   growth
                   of
                   Rust
                   upon
                   Iron-work
                   ,
                   within
                   the
                   same
                   or
                   different
                   spaces
                   of
                   Time
                   ,
                   and
                   on
                   the
                   same
                   or
                   different
                   Ships
                   ,
                   however
                   sheathed
                   or
                   unsheathed
                   .
                
                 
                   II.
                   That
                   the
                   Real
                   Causes
                   to
                   which
                   alone
                   this
                   extraordinary
                   decay
                   of
                   the
                   Iron-work
                   is
                   of
                   right
                   to
                   be
                   imputed
                   ,
                   are
                   ,
                
                 
                   1.
                   
                   The
                   want
                   of
                   due
                   Inspection
                   to
                   the
                   performance
                   of
                   the
                   Smiths
                   Work.
                   
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   An
                   industrious
                   Omission
                   (
                   in
                   the
                   particular
                   Case
                   of
                   these
                   Ships
                   )
                   of
                   the
                   Principal
                   Point
                   of
                   Care
                   used
                   both
                   in
                   his
                   Majesties
                   and
                   Merchants
                   Service
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   preparing
                   of
                   all
                   Ships
                   designed
                   for
                   sheathing
                   .
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   An
                   Unaccountable
                   Continuance
                   of
                   the
                   sheathing
                   upon
                   the
                   Bodies
                   of
                   these
                   Ships
                   ,
                   beyond
                   what
                   the
                   Practice
                   and
                   Rules
                   of
                   the
                   Navy
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   case
                   of
                   any
                   such
                   Neglects
                   can
                   justifie
                   .
                
                 
                   III.
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   That
                   an
                   Enquiry
                   into
                   the
                   Books
                   of
                   Iron-Work
                   in
                   his
                   Majesties
                   Yards
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   only
                   ,
                   and
                   would
                   long
                   e're
                   now
                   (
                   had
                   this
                   Company
                   's
                   Advice
                   been
                   pursued
                   )
                   have
                   been
                   found
                   an
                   effectual
                   and
                   certain
                   Expedient
                   for
                   the
                   coming
                   to
                   a
                   right
                   decision
                   of
                   this
                   Question
                   .
                
                 
                   Which
                   being
                   said
                   ,
                   and
                   an
                   Account
                   given
                   of
                   the
                   several
                   Obstructions
                   and
                   Discouragements
                   ,
                   
                   which
                   both
                   his
                   Majesties
                   Service
                   ,
                   and
                   this
                   Company
                   have
                   met
                   with
                   from
                   the
                   Officers
                   of
                   the
                   Navy
                   ,
                   in
                   all
                   its
                   Endeavours
                   of
                   bringing
                   this
                   Matter
                   to
                   a
                   Satisfactory
                   Issue
                   to
                   his
                   Majesty
                   :
                   The
                   Company
                   concludes
                   with
                   shewing
                   these
                   three
                   things
                   ,
                
                 
                   1.
                   
                   That
                   sheathing
                   with
                   Wood
                   (
                   the
                   only
                   security
                   for
                   Ships
                   against
                   the
                   Worm
                   ,
                   before
                   this
                   of
                   Lead
                   )
                   is
                   ,
                   and
                   has
                   always
                   been
                   owned
                   to
                   be
                   ,
                   attended
                   with
                   several
                   Circumstances
                   greatly
                   Detrimental
                   to
                   his
                   Majesty
                   ,
                   both
                   in
                   his
                   Ships
                   and
                   Service
                   .
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   That
                   the
                   only
                   Expedient
                   also
                   ,
                   besides
                   this
                   of
                   Lead
                   ,
                   for
                   obviating
                   those
                   Evils
                   in
                   Wood-sheathing
                   ,
                   has
                   been
                   the
                   flying
                   to
                   another
                   Evil
                   ,
                   no
                   less
                   fit
                   to
                   be
                   avoided
                   than
                   they
                   ,
                   viz.
                   That
                   of
                   sending
                   the
                   Kings
                   Ships
                   into
                   the
                   Worms
                   way
                   unsheathed
                   .
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   That
                   therefore
                   the
                   only
                   Method
                   in
                   reserve
                   (
                   yet
                   known
                   )
                   for
                   the
                   serving
                   of
                   his
                   Majesty
                   herein
                   ,
                   is
                   this
                   of
                   Lead
                   .
                   Against
                   which
                   ,
                   none
                   of
                   the
                   Evils
                   in
                   either
                   of
                   the
                   former
                   ,
                   or
                   any
                   other
                   ,
                   are
                   (
                   after
                   near
                   
                     Twelve
                     years
                  
                   Experience
                   of
                   it
                   )
                   so
                   much
                   as
                   suggested
                   by
                   the
                   Officers
                   of
                   the
                   Navy
                   themselves
                   at
                   this
                   Day
                   ,
                   saving
                   this
                   under
                   dispute
                   concerning
                   Iron-work
                   ;
                   To
                   which
                   ,
                   (
                   after
                   all
                   )
                   the
                   Company
                   closes
                   with
                   Proposing
                   a
                   most
                   obvious
                   ,
                   easie
                   ,
                   next
                   to
                   chargeable
                   ,
                   and
                   effectual
                   Remedy
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   the
                   Particulars
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   and
                   each
                   of
                   the
                   foregoing
                   Matters
                   ,
                   reference
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   had
                   to
                   their
                   
                     Original
                     Paper
                  
                   ,
                   lying
                   before
                   his
                   Ma●esty
                   and
                   the
                   Lords
                   of
                   the
                   Admiralty
                   ;
                   whereof
                   this
                   is
                   only
                   an
                   Abstract
                   .
                
              
            
          
           
             
             
               HAVING
               in
               the
               foregoing
               part
               of
               this
               Discourse
               entertained
               the
               Reader
               with
               the
               Transactions
               that
               have
               passed
               concerning
               the
               Mill'd
               Lead
               used
               upon
               the
               sheathing
               ,
               &c.
               of
               about
               twenty
               Ships
               of
               the
               Navy
               Royal
               ,
               I
               shall
               now
               set
               forth
               the
               great
               benefit
               and
               advantage
               accrewing
               from
               the
               use
               of
               this
               sort
               of
               Lead
               for
               the
               covering
               all
               manner
               of
               Buildings
               ,
               and
               other
               purposes
               where
               Sheet-Lead
               is
               employed
               ,
               which
               the
               Mill'd
               Lead
               Company
               some
               time
               ●ince
               also
               proposed
               to
               their
               Majesties
               Officers
               for
               Buildings
               and
               Ordnance
               ,
               at
               rates
               greatly
               cheaper
               than
               what
               was
               or
               is
               paid
               (
               with
               respect
               to
               the
               work
               done
               )
               for
               Cast-Lead
               ,
               which
               they
               had
               demonstrated
               to
               be
               much
               better
               as
               well
               as
               much
               cheaper
               ,
               in
               a
               sheet
               of
               Paper
               Printed
               and
               Published
               some
               Years
               ago
               ,
               for
               general
               satisfaction
               ,
               but
               could
               not
               prevail
               with
               those
               Officers
               by
               all
               their
               Printing
               ,
               Proofs
               ,
               or
               Proposals
               ,
               it
               being
               against
               the
               Inclinations
               or
               Profit
               of
               the
               Plumbers
               and
               their
               Friends
               ,
               who
               had
               Power
               or
               Interest
               enough
               to
               hinder
               the
               admittance
               thereof
               into
               the
               Kings
               Works
               ,
               which
               being
               further
               proved
               by
               fresh
               Instances
               of
               Experience
               from
               Coverings
               of
               Houses
               ,
               &c.
               both
               wayes
               done
               since
               the
               Rebuilding
               of
               London
               ,
               lately
               also
               published
               ,
               the
               same
               here
               follows
               
                 in
                 terminis
              
               ,
               for
               the
               better
               satisfaction
               of
               those
               who
               have
               the
               disposal
               of
               their
               own
               Money
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                       AN
                       ADVERTISEMENT
                       To
                       all
                       who
                       have
                       Occasion
                       to
                       make
                       Use
                       of
                       Sheet-Lead
                       .
                    
                     
                       ALL
                       New
                       Inventions
                       (
                       being
                       proposed
                       (
                       as
                       better
                       and
                       cheaper
                       )
                       to
                       lay
                       aside
                       something
                       before
                       used
                       for
                       the
                       same
                       purpose
                       )
                       must
                       expect
                       to
                       meet
                       with
                       great
                       Opposition
                       ;
                       for
                       some
                       particular
                       Persons
                       ,
                       and
                       some
                       Trades
                       which
                       consist
                       of
                       many
                       Persons
                       being
                       concern'd
                       in
                       Point
                       of
                       Interest
                       ,
                       right
                       or
                       wrong
                       ,
                       they
                       will
                       decry
                       that
                       which
                       is
                       against
                       their
                       profit
                       ,
                       and
                       procure
                       as
                       many
                       others
                       as
                       they
                       can
                       to
                       do
                       so
                       too
                       ;
                       this
                       being
                       the
                       Case
                       o●
                       the
                       Plumbers
                       with
                       those
                       Concerned
                       in
                       the
                       Milled-Lead
                       ,
                       whoever
                       has
                       Occasion
                       to
                       make
                       use
                       of
                       Sheet-Lead
                       ought
                       not
                       to
                       regard
                       what
                       interested
                       Persons
                       say
                       on
                       either
                       side
                       ,
                       but
                       to
                       weigh
                       and
                       consider
                       with
                       himself
                       the
                       Reasons
                       offered
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       examine
                       the
                       truth
                       of
                       what
                       's
                       said
                       on
                       both
                       sides
                       :
                       The
                       Mill'd-Lead
                       Company
                       have
                       Printed
                       many
                       of
                       their
                       Reasons
                       some
                       time
                       since
                       ,
                       in
                       a
                       Paper
                       at
                       large
                       :
                       amongst
                       which
                       ,
                       to
                       say
                       nothing
                       of
                       its
                       solidity
                       ,
                       smoothness
                       ,
                       &c.
                       the
                       Equality
                       of
                       
                         Mill'd
                         Lead
                      
                       alone
                       is
                       sufficient
                       to
                       prove
                       it
                       much
                       better
                       ,
                       
                       and
                       (
                       at
                       the
                       Companys
                       Rates
                       in
                       proportion
                       to
                       the
                       least
                       Inequality
                       that
                       can
                       be
                       granted
                       in
                       Cast-Lead
                       )
                       much
                       cheaper
                       ,
                       which
                       also
                       may
                       further
                       appear
                       from
                       the
                       Considerations
                       following
                       .
                    
                     
                       1.
                       
                       It
                       is
                       agreed
                       by
                       all
                       ,
                       that
                       if
                       the
                       Plumber
                       could
                       cast
                       his
                       Lead
                       exactly
                       Equal
                       to
                       the
                       thinnest
                       part
                       thereof
                       ,
                       it
                       would
                       be
                       better
                       than
                       to
                       be
                       thicker
                       in
                       one
                       place
                       than
                       another
                       ,
                       so
                       that
                       the
                       excess
                       of
                       thickness
                       is
                       not
                       only
                       unnecessarily
                       paid
                       for
                       ,
                       but
                       it
                       makes
                       the
                       Sheet
                       worse
                       ,
                       and
                       helps
                       to
                       crack
                       and
                       cockle
                       the
                       thinner
                       parts
                       ,
                       by
                       its
                       stronger
                       resisting
                       the
                       Sun-beams
                       ,
                       and
                       other
                       Accidents
                       of
                       Weather
                       ,
                       which
                       falling
                       equally
                       on
                       all
                       parts
                       alike
                       ,
                       draws
                       the
                       thinner
                       parts
                       ,
                       when
                       the
                       thicker
                       stay
                       behind
                       ,
                       which
                       causes
                       that
                       Cockling
                       and
                       cracking
                       therein
                       :
                       Wherefore
                       ,
                       if
                       Mill'd
                       Lead
                       be
                       thicker
                       than
                       the
                       thinnest
                       part
                       of
                       a
                       cast
                       Sheet
                       ,
                       it
                       must
                       be
                       allowed
                       to
                       be
                       better
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       last
                       longer
                       ,
                       and
                       a
                       less
                       quantity
                       of
                       Lead
                       being
                       employed
                       ,
                       it
                       may
                       be
                       cheaper
                       to
                       what
                       degree
                       in
                       proportion
                       to
                       
                         Cast
                         Lead
                      
                       the
                       Customer
                       shall
                       judge
                       it
                       convenient
                       and
                       sufficient
                       for
                       the
                       purpose
                       designed
                       to
                       have
                       the
                       thickness
                       of
                       his
                       Mill'd-Lead
                       to
                       be
                       of
                       .
                    
                     
                       2.
                       
                       The
                       wasting
                       and
                       decay
                       of
                       Sheet-Lead
                       being
                       chiefly
                       beneath
                       by
                       the
                       heat
                       and
                       moisture
                       contracted
                       between
                       it
                       and
                       the
                       plain
                       it
                       lyes
                       on
                       (
                       turning
                       it
                       into
                       White-Lead
                       ,
                       )
                       that
                       accident
                       which
                       the
                       thinner
                       as
                       well
                       as
                       the
                       thicker
                       parts
                       are
                       alike
                       liable
                       to
                       ,
                       shews
                       the
                       great
                       mischief
                       that
                       attends
                       a
                       Cast-Lead
                       covering
                       in
                       this
                       respect
                       also
                       .
                    
                     
                     
                       3.
                       
                       These
                       particulars
                       as
                       well
                       as
                       the
                       Plumbers
                       vain
                       pretence
                       to
                       near
                       Equality
                       ,
                       and
                       endeavour
                       to
                       cast
                       as
                       equal
                       as
                       he
                       can
                       ,
                       shews
                       the
                       excellency
                       of
                       Equality
                       in
                       Sheet-Lead
                       ,
                       and
                       consequently
                       that
                       it
                       is
                       so
                       much
                       the
                       worse
                       ,
                       by
                       how
                       much
                       it
                       deviates
                       from
                       Equalily
                       ,
                       and
                       this
                       Inequality
                       in
                       a
                       sheet
                       of
                       Lead
                       being
                       an
                       Object
                       of
                       Sense
                       ,
                       any
                       Man
                       that
                       has
                       but
                       his
                       eyes
                       in
                       his
                       head
                       may
                       be
                       as
                       good
                       a
                       Judge
                       thereof
                       as
                       the
                       best
                       Architect
                       ,
                       Surveyor
                       or
                       Plumber
                       in
                       England
                       ;
                       and
                       if
                       he
                       please
                       but
                       to
                       give
                       himself
                       the
                       trouble
                       of
                       viewing
                       indifferently
                       the
                       Coverings
                       upon
                       Houses
                       in
                       London
                       ,
                       since
                       the
                       Rebuilding
                       ,
                       and
                       cut
                       a
                       snip
                       from
                       the
                       thickest
                       and
                       thinnest
                       part
                       of
                       the
                       edge
                       of
                       any
                       Sheet
                       he
                       can
                       come
                       at
                       ,
                       he
                       will
                       generally
                       find
                       Cast-Lead
                       to
                       be
                       a
                       third
                       ,
                       or
                       at
                       least
                       a
                       fourth
                       part
                       thicker
                       ,
                       nay
                       ,
                       many
                       times
                       above
                       twice
                       as
                       thick
                       in
                       some
                       places
                       as
                       in
                       others
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Coverings
                       for
                       the
                       most
                       part
                       
                         crackt
                         ,
                         cockled
                      
                       and
                       patcht
                       with
                       Solder
                       ,
                       if
                       they
                       have
                       not
                       been
                       new
                       laid
                       ,
                       as
                       many
                       have
                       been
                       since
                       the
                       Fire
                       ,
                       particularly
                       the
                       
                         Royal
                         Exchange
                      
                       and
                       Cordwaners-Hall
                       new
                       covered
                       four
                       or
                       five
                       Years
                       ago
                       ;
                       
                       the
                       
                         Kings
                         Head
                      
                       ,
                       a
                       Confectioners
                       by
                       Ludgate
                       ,
                       part
                       new
                       covered
                       about
                       seven
                       Years
                       since
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       new
                       as
                       well
                       as
                       the
                       old
                       crack'd
                       ,
                       cockled
                       ,
                       and
                       patcht
                       with
                       Solder
                       ;
                       the
                       Eagle
                       and
                       Child
                       in
                       Tower-street
                       ,
                       stript
                       and
                       new
                       laid
                       in
                       1676.
                       
                       Mr.
                       
                       Clark's
                       House
                       ,
                       next
                       the
                       
                       Bell
                       in
                       Fryday-street
                       ,
                       and
                       abundance
                       more
                       new
                       Covered
                       ,
                       too
                       long
                       here
                       to
                       mention
                       ;
                       and
                       where
                       the
                       old
                       ones
                       lye
                       ,
                       this
                       decay
                       and
                       patching
                       generally
                       appears
                       :
                       Whereas
                       such
                       Coverings
                       as
                       have
                       been
                       laid
                       with
                       Mill'd-Lead
                       ,
                       some
                       not
                       above
                       6.
                       l.
                       to
                       the
                       Foot
                       ,
                       ten
                       or
                       twelve
                       Years
                       ago
                       ,
                       lye
                       as
                       well
                       as
                       at
                       first
                       laying
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       all
                       probability
                       will
                       so
                       continue
                       many
                       Years
                       ,
                       as
                       to
                       instance
                       in
                       a
                       few
                       :
                       At
                       Mr.
                       
                       Wdgstaffe's
                       ,
                       next
                       the
                       Hand
                       and
                       Pen
                       in
                       Rood-Lane
                       ,
                       a
                       Covering
                       about
                       30
                       Foot
                       square
                       ,
                       with
                       Sheets
                       the
                       full
                       length
                       ;
                       Mr.
                       
                       Miners's
                       Buildings
                       in
                       the
                       
                         Inner
                         Temple
                      
                       ,
                       with
                       Sheets
                       22
                       Foot
                       long
                       ,
                       where
                       a
                       Covering
                       of
                       Cast-Lead
                       by
                       ,
                       at
                       the
                       same
                       time
                       laid
                       ,
                       being
                       compared
                       ,
                       the
                       Defects
                       complained
                       of
                       will
                       plainly
                       appear
                       ,
                       in
                       this
                       ,
                       while
                       that
                       continues
                       as
                       well
                       as
                       at
                       first
                       ,
                       at
                       Mr.
                       
                       Graydon's
                       House
                       in
                       the
                       Pell-mell
                       ,
                       and
                       divers
                       others
                       too
                       long
                       also
                       here
                       to
                       mention
                       ;
                       besides
                       many
                       more
                       in
                       Town
                       ,
                       and
                       some
                       great
                       Houses
                       in
                       the
                       Countrey
                       done
                       since
                       ,
                       as
                       Esq.
                       
                       Sanders's
                       at
                       Tooting
                       ,
                       some
                       Sheets
                       34
                       Foot
                       long
                       ;
                       Esq.
                       
                       Tilney's
                       new
                       House
                       near
                       Rotherwick
                       in
                       Bark-shire
                       ;
                       Sir
                       Iames
                       Hayes's
                       at
                       Bedgbury
                       ,
                       and
                       Esq.
                       
                       Vane's
                       at
                       Fairlaune
                       in
                       Kent
                       ,
                       &c.
                       of
                       different
                       kinds
                       ,
                       worth
                       viewing
                       for
                       Beauty
                       and
                       Imitation
                       .
                    
                     
                       4.
                       
                       There
                       are
                       besides
                       the
                       Inequality
                       ,
                       certain
                       defects
                       in
                       Cast-lead
                       that
                       lye
                       concealed
                       within
                       the
                       Sheet
                       ,
                       not
                       appearing
                       on
                       the
                       superficies
                       ,
                       called
                       by
                       the
                       
                         Plumber
                         Blow-holes
                      
                       and
                       Sand-holes
                       ,
                       which
                       often
                       happens
                       in
                       Casting
                       ,
                       and
                       must
                       help
                       forward
                       the
                       decay
                       of
                       those
                       Coverings
                       ,
                       which
                       the
                       Mill
                       discovers
                       ,
                       such
                       Holes
                       being
                       enlarged
                       
                       as
                       the
                       Sheet
                       lengthens
                       in
                       Milling
                       ,
                       (
                       and
                       not
                       closed
                       up
                       as
                       they
                       falsely
                       suggest
                       )
                       and
                       where
                       these
                       Holes
                       or
                       Breaks
                       are
                       met
                       with
                       ,
                       the
                       Sheet
                       is
                       cut
                       ,
                       if
                       long
                       enough
                       for
                       use
                       ;
                       if
                       not
                       ,
                       all
                       's
                       returned
                       again
                       to
                       be
                       new
                       Cast
                       ,
                       so
                       that
                       none
                       but
                       
                         sound
                         Sheets
                      
                       can
                       pass
                       the
                       Mill
                       twenty
                       or
                       thirty
                       times
                       ,
                       as
                       every
                       Sheet
                       does
                       before
                       it
                       is
                       finished
                       .
                    
                     
                       5.
                       
                       Let
                       us
                       suppose
                       then
                       the
                       present
                       price
                       of
                       Mill'd-Lead
                       to
                       be
                       16
                       s.
                       a
                       hund
                       .
                       and
                       
                         Cast-Lead
                         14
                         s.
                      
                       which
                       is
                       an
                       
                         eighth
                         part
                      
                       less
                       ,
                       whatever
                       the
                       Inequality
                       of
                       a
                       Cast-Sheet
                       shall
                       appear
                       to
                       be
                       above
                       an
                       
                         eighth
                         part
                      
                       ,
                       which
                       is
                       not
                       easily
                       discerned
                       ,
                       so
                       much
                       must
                       it
                       be
                       granted
                       that
                       
                         Mill'd
                         Lead
                      
                       is
                       cheaper
                       ;
                       but
                       if
                       
                         Mill'd
                         Lead
                      
                       of
                       7
                       lib.
                       to
                       the
                       foot
                       be
                       admitted
                       but
                       to
                       be
                       as
                       good
                       as
                       the
                       Plumbers
                       pretended
                       9.
                       l.
                       it
                       is
                       cheaper
                       at
                       16.
                       s.
                       a
                       hundred
                       than
                       his
                       at
                       12
                       
                         s.
                         6
                         d.
                      
                       
                    
                     
                       6.
                       
                       Wherefore
                       since
                       7
                       lib.
                       to
                       the
                       foot
                       may
                       very
                       well
                       be
                       allowed
                       ,
                       to
                       remove
                       all
                       Objections
                       at
                       once
                       which
                       the
                       Plumbers
                       and
                       their
                       Friends
                       falsly
                       charge
                       the
                       Mill'd-Lead
                       with
                       ,
                       any
                       Person
                       (
                       using
                       the
                       Plumber
                       the
                       Company
                       shall
                       recommend
                       or
                       approve
                       )
                       that
                       shall
                       lay
                       a
                       Covering
                       with
                       their
                       Lead
                       of
                       7
                       lib.
                       to
                       the
                       Foot
                       square
                       ,
                       they
                       will
                       undertake
                       (
                       and
                       secure
                       him
                       by
                       good
                       Covenants
                       as
                       Council
                       shall
                       advise
                       )
                       to
                       keep
                       such
                       Covering
                       ,
                       not
                       exceeding
                       a
                       100
                       l.
                       value
                       ,
                       in
                       good
                       and
                       constant
                       repair
                       for
                       a
                       term
                       of
                       41
                       Years
                       (
                       to
                       mention
                       a
                       time
                       certain
                       and
                       sufficient
                       )
                       for
                       5
                       s.
                       a
                       Year
                       ,
                       and
                       proportionably
                       for
                       a
                       greater
                       ;
                       and
                       if
                       any
                       Sheet
                       or
                       Sheets
                       shall
                       crack
                       ,
                       or
                       any
                       wise
                       prove
                       defective
                       in
                       respect
                       of
                       the
                       Lead
                       it self
                       ,
                       they
                       will
                       be
                       obliged
                       
                       at
                       their
                       own
                       Charge
                       (
                       Carriage
                       only
                       paid
                       for
                       )
                       to
                       lay
                       new
                       Sheets
                       in
                       their
                       room
                       ,
                       without
                       that
                       patching
                       and
                       botching
                       with
                       Solder
                       that
                       appears
                       upon
                       all
                       the
                       
                         Cast-lead
                         Coverings
                      
                       in
                       Town
                       ,
                       that
                       have
                       not
                       lain
                       half
                       so
                       long
                       ,
                       at
                       a
                       very
                       great
                       Charge
                       in
                       Work
                       and
                       Solder
                       ,
                       besides
                       the
                       Damage
                       the
                       House
                       must
                       have
                       sustained
                       thereby
                       .
                    
                     
                       ☞
                       But
                       because
                       some
                       Plumbers
                       ,
                       and
                       others
                       their
                       Friends
                       ,
                       do
                       pretend
                       greater
                       Care
                       and
                       Improvement
                       in
                       their
                       Casting
                       of
                       late
                       ,
                       and
                       have
                       offered
                       to
                       lay
                       Wagers
                       that
                       they
                       can
                       Cast
                       a
                       Sheet
                       of
                       their
                       full
                       length
                       equal
                       within
                       
                         one
                         pound
                      
                       in
                       ten
                       quite
                       through
                       ;
                       Mr.
                       Hale
                       ,
                       a
                       Partner
                       and
                       Manager
                       of
                       the
                       Work
                       ,
                       is
                       ready
                       to
                       take
                       any
                       such
                       Wager
                       ;
                       nay
                       ,
                       he
                       will
                       give
                       them
                       a
                       
                         pound
                         and
                         an
                         half
                      
                       in
                       ten
                       ,
                       and
                       lay
                       them
                       the
                       price
                       of
                       a
                       Fodder
                       of
                       Lead
                       ,
                       that
                       all
                       the
                       Plumbers
                       in
                       Town
                       ,
                       and
                       their
                       Friends
                       joyned
                       to
                       their
                       assistance
                       ,
                       in
                       the
                       way
                       they
                       have
                       hitherto
                       used
                       of
                       
                         Casting
                         upon
                         Sand
                      
                       ,
                       they
                       cannot
                       do
                       't
                       ;
                       and
                       is
                       ready
                       to
                       enter
                       into
                       fair
                       Articles
                       with
                       any
                       one
                       that
                       shall
                       make
                       the
                       Wager
                       ;
                       though
                       if
                       some
                       should
                       be
                       found
                       so
                       dexterous
                       as
                       to
                       cast
                       one
                       or
                       two
                       such
                       Sheets
                       perhaps
                       in
                       half
                       a
                       dozen
                       ,
                       it
                       would
                       not
                       mend
                       the
                       matter
                       for
                       general
                       use
                       :
                       Moreover
                       ,
                       if
                       this
                       could
                       be
                       done
                       ,
                       even
                       at
                       the
                       rate
                       of
                       a
                       
                         pound
                         and
                         an
                         half
                      
                       in
                       ten
                       ,
                       Mill'd-Lead
                       is
                       yet
                       cheaper
                       about
                       Three
                       
                         per
                         Cent.
                      
                       For
                       Ten
                       bundaed
                       weight
                       of
                       Cast
                       lead
                       would
                       cost
                       7.
                       l.
                       and
                       Eight
                       hundred
                       and
                       an
                       half
                       of
                       Mill'd
                       Lead
                       but
                       6
                       l.
                       16.
                       s.
                       As
                       to
                       the
                       Plumbers
                       pretence
                       of
                       Casting
                       broader
                       ,
                       that
                       's
                       not
                       yet
                       (
                       according
                       to
                       the
                       Proverb
                       )
                       as
                       Broad
                       as
                       Long
                       ;
                       for
                       the
                       
                         Mill'd
                         Lead
                      
                       size
                       of
                       Three
                       Foot
                       and
                       an
                       half
                       being
                       broad
                       enough
                       ,
                       and
                       perhaps
                       better
                       than
                       broader
                       for
                       general
                       use
                       ,
                       and
                       they
                       able
                       to
                       make
                       their
                       Sheets
                       above
                       
                       
                         twice
                         as
                         long
                      
                       as
                       the
                       Plumber
                       can
                       cast
                       ,
                       if
                       need
                       require
                       ,
                       to
                       save
                       Drips
                       ,
                       and
                       comply
                       with
                       the
                       length
                       of
                       Coverings
                       ,
                       this
                       disadvantage
                       is
                       not
                       made
                       good
                       by
                       any
                       pretence
                       of
                       breadth
                       soever
                       ;
                       which
                       if
                       greater
                       breadths
                       are
                       necessary
                       ,
                       as
                       for
                       Coperas-works
                       ,
                       &c.
                       may
                       be
                       supplyed
                       with
                       
                         Mill'd
                         Lead
                      
                       ,
                       by
                       burning
                       a
                       Seam
                       joyning
                       two
                       Sheets
                       together
                       .
                    
                     
                       This
                       
                         Mill'd
                         Lead
                      
                       being
                       to
                       be
                       had
                       of
                       any
                       Thickness
                       ,
                       even
                       from
                       one
                       pound
                       in
                       the
                       Foot
                       to
                       twenty
                       ,
                       or
                       more
                       if
                       desired
                       ,
                       must
                       for
                       the
                       Reasons
                       aforesaid
                       be
                       cheaper
                       and
                       better
                       than
                       
                         Cast
                         Lead
                      
                       ,
                       and
                       will
                       serve
                       for
                       all
                       uses
                       that
                       
                         Cast
                         Sheets
                      
                       are
                       fit
                       for
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       thinner
                       sorts
                       for
                       many
                       more
                       ,
                       any
                       one
                       may
                       be
                       supplyed
                       with
                       able
                       Workmen
                       to
                       lay
                       the
                       same
                       on
                       Churches
                       or
                       other
                       Buildings
                       ,
                       or
                       work
                       it
                       into
                       
                         Cisterns
                         ,
                         Fountains
                         ,
                         Pipes
                         ,
                         Vessels
                         for
                         Brewers
                         ,
                         Dyers
                         ,
                         Coperas-works
                         ,
                         Dairies
                         ,
                      
                       &c.
                       and
                       Solder
                       at
                       6
                       d.
                       a
                       pound
                       ;
                       also
                       where
                       Nailing
                       is
                       required
                       there
                       
                         sheathing
                         Nails
                      
                       ,
                       made
                       of
                       a
                       Mettal
                       that
                       will
                       not
                       
                         rust
                         ,
                         corrode
                         or
                         decay
                         the
                         Lead
                         ,
                      
                       as
                       Iron
                       does
                       ,
                       may
                       be
                       had
                       for
                       8
                       d.
                       a
                       Hundred
                       ,
                       at
                       the
                       Mill'd-Lead-Shop
                       ,
                       *
                       the
                       Sign
                       of
                       the
                       Mallard
                       on
                       the
                       West-side
                       of
                       Fleet-Channel
                       ,
                       near
                       Holborn-brigde
                       ,
                       or
                       by
                       a
                       Note
                       left
                       for
                       Mr.
                       Hale
                       al
                       the
                       Temple
                       Coffee-house
                       ,
                       that
                       he
                       may
                       know
                       where
                       to
                       speak
                       with
                       the
                       Parties
                       ,
                       or
                       send
                       his
                       Plumber
                       to
                       undertake
                       their
                       Work.
                       
                    
                     
                       There
                       's
                       nothing
                       said
                       herein
                       relating
                       to
                       the
                       Mill'd-Lead-Sheathing
                       ;
                       that
                       having
                       been
                       discontinued
                       in
                       the
                       Navy
                       (
                       after
                       about
                       twenty
                       Ships
                       sheathed
                       )
                       requiring
                       a
                       more
                       large
                       and
                       particular
                       Account
                       what
                       may
                       
                       have
                       been
                       the
                       Cause
                       thereof
                       ,
                       the
                       Objections
                       ,
                       Answers
                       ,
                       Proofs
                       ,
                       and
                       whole
                       Proceedings
                       in
                       that
                       matter
                       ,
                       are
                       intended
                       shortly
                       to
                       be
                       Printed
                       ,
                       which
                       will
                       suficiently
                       satisfie
                       the
                       unprejudiced
                       ,
                       and
                       justifie
                       the
                       preference
                       of
                       Lead-sheathing
                       before
                       that
                       of
                       Wood
                       in
                       many
                       particulars
                       ,
                       besides
                       Cheapness
                       ;
                       which
                       with
                       regard
                       to
                       its
                       Duration
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Value
                       of
                       the
                       old
                       Sheathing
                       when
                       stript
                       ,
                       will
                       save
                       the
                       Owner
                       above
                       
                         Cent.
                         per
                         Cent.
                      
                       And
                       all
                       the
                       noise
                       that
                       has
                       been
                       about
                       the
                       Rudder-Irons
                       decay
                       ,
                       charged
                       on
                       that
                       Sheathing
                       ,
                       proved
                       to
                       be
                       frivolous
                       ,
                       vain
                       and
                       groundless
                       .
                    
                     
                       All
                       Merchants
                       or
                       others
                       that
                       shall
                       buy
                       any
                       considerable
                       quantity
                       ,
                       above
                       a
                       Tun
                       at
                       least
                       ,
                       upon
                       discourse
                       with
                       the
                       said
                       Mr.
                       Hale
                       ,
                       may
                       have
                       some
                       Abatement
                       even
                       from
                       the
                       present
                       Prices
                       ,
                       suitable
                       to
                       the
                       quantity
                       and
                       payment
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   
                     
                       LONDON
                       ,
                       Printed
                       for
                       
                         T.
                         H.
                      
                       and
                       are
                       to
                       be
                       had
                       at
                       
                       Garraway's
                       Coffee-house
                       ,
                       the
                       Temple
                       Coffee-House
                       ,
                       and
                       the
                       Mill'd-Lead
                       Shop
                       above-mentioned
                       .
                       1690.
                       
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
             
               Notwithstanding
               which
               ,
               the
               Plumbers
               (
               to
               prevent
               a
               Contract
               with
               the
               Commissioners
               of
               the
               Navy
               ,
               for
               which
               this
               Company
               had
               then
               a
               Proposal
               lying
               before
               them
               to
               furnish
               their
               Mill'd-Lead
               of
               all
               sizes
               of
               thickness
               and
               thinness
               ,
               as
               well
               for
               Sheet-Lead
               as
               Scuppers
               ,
               &c.
               into
               their
               Majesty's
               Yards
               )
               gave
               in
               to
               them
               the
               Paper
               following
               :
               The
               Vanity
               and
               Falshood
               of
               which
               Paper
               will
               plainly
               appear
               to
               the
               Reader
               from
               the
               Testimonies
               given
               even
               by
               the
               Owners
               or
               Inhabitants
               themselves
               of
               those
               Houses
               from
               whence
               they
               raise
               their
               Instances
               of
               commending
               their
               Cast
               and
               decrying
               the
               Mill'd-Lead
               ,
               divers
               of
               which
               are
               here
               also
               Printed
               at
               the
               Foot
               of
               their
               said
               Paper
               ,
               others
               being
               Houses
               never
               covered
               with
               Mill'd-Lead
               at
               all
               ,
               as
               the
               Lord
               
               Preston's
               ,
               or
               with
               Mill'd-Lead
               ,
               as
               the
               Lord
               
               Crew
               's
               ,
               against
               which
               no
               ground
               for
               complaint
               of
               the
               Lead
               ,
               in
               which
               Houses
               Servant-women
               only
               living
               ,
               they
               could
               not
               give
               proper
               Certificates
               herein
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                       THE
                       Plumber's
                       Proposal
                       TO
                       THE
                       NAVY-BOARD
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         Right
                         Honourable
                         ,
                      
                    
                     
                       UNderstanding
                       that
                       the
                       Persons
                       concerned
                       in
                       the
                       Mill'd-Lead
                       have
                       put
                       out
                       Printed
                       Papers
                       in
                       Vindication
                       of
                       the
                       Service
                       of
                       the
                       said
                       Lead
                       ,
                       and
                       have
                       also
                       lately
                       made
                       Proposals
                       to
                       your
                       Honours
                       to
                       serve
                       their
                       Majesty's
                       therewith
                       ,
                       or
                       any
                       private
                       Persons
                       for
                       Covering
                       of
                       Houses
                       ,
                       Gutters
                       ,
                       Pipes
                       ,
                       Cisterns
                       ,
                       Scuppers
                       ,
                       Liquor-Backs
                       ,
                       or
                       such
                       like
                       Work
                       ,
                       which
                       they
                       pretend
                       will
                       be
                       cheaper
                       and
                       better
                       than
                       Cast-Lead
                       :
                    
                     
                       
                         May
                         it
                         please
                         your
                         Honours
                         ,
                      
                       
                         THe
                         Mill'd
                         Lead
                         is
                         no
                         ways
                         so
                         serviceable
                         and
                         cheap
                         as
                         the
                         same
                         is
                         represented
                         ,
                         nor
                         indeed
                         scarce
                         fit
                         for
                         any
                         service
                         ,
                         as
                         is
                         evidently
                         proved
                         by
                         daily
                         experience
                         in
                         most
                         places
                         where
                         the
                         same
                         has
                         been
                         used
                         ;
                         that
                         after
                         
                         it
                         hath
                         lain
                         a
                         few
                         Years
                         ,
                         it
                         hath
                         crack'd
                         ,
                         flaw'd
                         ,
                         and
                         rose
                         in
                         ridges
                         ,
                         so
                         that
                         the
                         Persons
                         concerned
                         ,
                         after
                         having
                         been
                         at
                         a
                         considerable
                         Charge
                         in
                         the
                         daily
                         patching
                         and
                         mending
                         of
                         it
                         ,
                         have
                         at
                         last
                         been
                         forced
                         to
                         take
                         it
                         up
                         ,
                         and
                         lay
                         Cast-lead
                         in
                         the
                         room
                         of
                         it
                         ,
                         before
                         such
                         time
                         as
                         the
                         Houses
                         or
                         Places
                         could
                         be
                         made
                         tight
                         :
                         of
                         the
                         truth
                         of
                         which
                         ,
                         several
                         Examples
                         can
                         be
                         given
                         your
                         Honours
                         upon
                         Oath
                         ,
                         if
                         required
                         .
                      
                       
                         That
                         on
                         the
                         other
                         side
                         ,
                         the
                         Cast-Lead
                         doth
                         plainly
                         make
                         appear
                         its
                         durance
                         and
                         service
                         ,
                         for
                         in
                         several
                         old
                         Buildings
                         about
                         this
                         City
                         and
                         Westminster
                         ,
                         where
                         this
                         Lead
                         hath
                         been
                         laid
                         for
                         a
                         great
                         term
                         of
                         years
                         ,
                         yet
                         remaineth
                         as
                         firm
                         and
                         right
                         as
                         when
                         first
                         laid
                         :
                         And
                         besides
                         ,
                         the
                         same
                         is
                         cheaper
                         and
                         better
                         to
                         their
                         Majesty
                         ,
                         or
                         any
                         private
                         person
                         ,
                         by
                         20
                         
                           l.
                           per
                           Cent.
                        
                         than
                         the
                         Mill'd-Lead
                         is
                         ,
                         according
                         to
                         the
                         Rates
                         it
                         is
                         now
                         sold
                         ,
                         which
                         together
                         with
                         the
                         strength
                         and
                         service
                         is
                         very
                         considerable
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Also
                           the
                           Solder
                           made
                           and
                           used
                           by
                           them
                           of
                           the
                           Mill'd
                           Lead
                           ,
                           is
                           not
                           fit
                           for
                           service
                           ,
                           whereas
                           all
                           Solder
                           used
                           by
                           the
                           Plumbers
                           is
                           by
                           Essay
                           sealed
                           according
                           to
                           the
                           standing
                           Rules
                           of
                           the
                           Company
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         By
                         what
                         is
                         here
                         offered
                         ,
                         is
                         humbly
                         desired
                         may
                         be
                         taken
                         by
                         your
                         Honours
                         ,
                         as
                         proceeding
                         from
                         Duty
                         ,
                         and
                         not
                         in
                         prejudice
                         to
                         the
                         Persons
                         concerned
                         in
                         the
                         Mill'd-Lead
                         ,
                         for
                         notwithstanding
                         the
                         plausible
                         pretences
                         of
                         the
                         usefulness
                         and
                         service
                         of
                         the
                         said
                         Lead
                         ,
                         and
                         the
                         disparagement
                         of
                         the
                         Cast-Lead
                         ,
                         yet
                         the
                         Plumbers
                         have
                         not
                         made
                         any
                         like
                         returns
                         to
                         
                         discredit
                         the
                         Mill'd-Lead
                         ,
                         not
                         for
                         want
                         of
                         reasons
                         ,
                         but
                         being
                         assured
                         that
                         a
                         short
                         time
                         would
                         sufficiently
                         make
                         appear
                         the
                         service
                         and
                         firmness
                         of
                         the
                         Cast-Lead
                         ,
                         and
                         the
                         sleightness
                         and
                         the
                         charge
                         of
                         the
                         other
                         ,
                         which
                         is
                         now
                         sufficiently
                         evidenced
                         ,
                         and
                         is
                         humbly
                         submitted
                         to
                         your
                         Honours
                         Considerations
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Places
                           where
                           the
                           Mill'd-Lead
                           hath
                           been
                           used
                           .
                        
                         
                           His
                           Majesty's
                           Horse-guard
                           Houses
                           at
                           White-Hall
                           .
                        
                         
                           The
                           Lord
                           
                           Preston's
                           House
                           .
                        
                         
                           The
                           Countess
                           of
                           
                           Portland's
                           .
                        
                         
                           The
                           Lord
                           
                           Crew
                           's
                           in
                           Soho-square
                           .
                        
                         
                           Mr.
                           
                           Fox's
                           in
                           Arundel-street
                           .
                        
                         
                           *
                           Mr.
                           
                           Harris's
                           in
                           Norfolk-street
                           .
                        
                         
                           Sir
                           Iohn
                           Iames's
                           in
                           Pell-Mell
                           .
                        
                         
                           Dr.
                           
                           Chamberlain's
                           in
                           Essex-buildings
                           .
                        
                         
                           
                             Esq
                          
                           Sanders
                           at
                           Tooting
                           .
                        
                         
                           Sir
                           Ant.
                           Deane's
                           .
                        
                      
                       
                         These
                         and
                         several
                         others
                         which
                         have
                         been
                         covered
                         with
                         Mill'd-Lead
                         ,
                         have
                         been
                         taken
                         up
                         and
                         laid
                         with
                         Cast-Lead
                         in
                         a
                         very
                         short
                         time
                         ▪
                         as
                         may
                         be
                         made
                         appear
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           
                             Ex.
                             per
                          
                           W.
                           Dale
                           ,
                        
                         
                           
                             23
                             Aug.
                             1690.
                             
                          
                        
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                       COPIES
                       OF
                       Letters
                       and
                       Certificates
                       ,
                       Proving
                       The
                       Plumber's
                       foregoing
                       Paper
                       TO
                       BE
                       Scandalous
                       and
                       False
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         Mr.
                         Saunders's
                         Letter
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Mr.
                           Hale
                           ,
                        
                      
                       
                         I
                         Have
                         thought
                         upon
                         the
                         Paper
                         you
                         shewed
                         me
                         ,
                         which
                         you
                         said
                         the
                         Plumbers
                         presented
                         to
                         the
                         Navy-Board
                         ,
                         complaining
                         of
                         mighty
                         defects
                         in
                         your
                         Mill'd-Lead
                         ,
                         and
                         mentioning
                         a
                         great
                         many
                         places
                         where
                         they
                         say
                         they
                         have
                         been
                         forced
                         to
                         strip
                         it
                         off
                         ,
                         and
                         new
                         cover
                         with
                         their
                         Cast-Lead
                         ,
                         and
                         amongst
                         the
                         rest
                         my
                         House
                         at
                         Tooting
                         :
                         I
                         wonder
                         much
                         at
                         
                         their
                         Confidence
                         and
                         Folly
                         ,
                         to
                         say
                         such
                         things
                         that
                         may
                         be
                         so
                         easily
                         contradicted
                         :
                         I
                         assure
                         you
                         my
                         Covering
                         at
                         Tooting
                         lyes
                         very
                         well
                         ,
                         and
                         I
                         do
                         not
                         doubt
                         but
                         it
                         will
                         so
                         continue
                         ;
                         indeed
                         I
                         am
                         very
                         proud
                         of
                         it
                         ,
                         and
                         I
                         do
                         not
                         think
                         there
                         's
                         a
                         finer
                         and
                         better
                         Covering
                         in
                         England
                         ,
                         at
                         least
                         not
                         of
                         Cast-Lead
                         ,
                         for
                         I
                         have
                         Sheets
                         thereon
                         about
                         twice
                         as
                         long
                         as
                         I
                         ever
                         heard
                         the
                         Plumber
                         pretended
                         to
                         Cast
                         ,
                         being
                         34
                         Foot
                         long
                         ,
                         and
                         I
                         was
                         very
                         well
                         satisfied
                         after
                         a
                         great
                         deal
                         of
                         Discourse
                         with
                         the
                         Plumber
                         before
                         I
                         began
                         ,
                         that
                         your
                         Mill'd
                         Lead
                         was
                         cheaper
                         in
                         the
                         whole
                         Work
                         ,
                         and
                         would
                         prove
                         much
                         better
                         ,
                         and
                         being
                         exactly
                         equal
                         (
                         which
                         theirs
                         is
                         far
                         from
                         )
                         would
                         last
                         longer
                         than
                         theirs
                         ,
                         and
                         I
                         see
                         no
                         cause
                         yet
                         to
                         alter
                         my
                         Opinion
                         .
                         Upon
                         your
                         request
                         to
                         have
                         something
                         from
                         me
                         in
                         Writing
                         on
                         this
                         Occasion
                         ,
                         I
                         could
                         say
                         no
                         less
                         ,
                         and
                         suppose
                         this
                         may
                         suffice
                         from
                      
                       
                         
                           
                             28
                             Aug.
                             1690.
                             
                          
                        
                         
                           SIR
                           ,
                        
                         
                           Your
                           Humble
                           Sevant
                           ,
                           
                             Robert
                             Sanders
                          
                           .
                        
                      
                    
                     
                       
                       
                         Dr.
                         Chamberlain's
                         Letter
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Mr.
                           Hale
                           ,
                        
                      
                       
                         WHen
                         I
                         last
                         saw
                         you
                         ,
                         you
                         shewed
                         me
                         a
                         Paper
                         addressed
                         by
                         the
                         Plumbers
                         to
                         the
                         Navy-Board
                         ,
                         wonderfully
                         decrying
                         your
                         Milld-Lead
                         ,
                         commending
                         their
                         own
                         ,
                         and
                         because
                         that
                         amongst
                         several
                         other
                         places
                         ,
                         which
                         they
                         ●ay
                         were
                         covered
                         with
                         Mill'd-Lead
                         ,
                         that
                         in
                         a
                         short
                         time
                         (
                         being
                         very
                         defective
                         )
                         were
                         taken
                         up
                         ,
                         and
                         new
                         laid
                         with
                         Cast-Lead
                         ,
                         they
                         mention
                         mine
                         in
                         Essex-Buildings
                         to
                         have
                         been
                         one
                         ;
                         you
                         then
                         desired
                         me
                         to
                         give
                         two
                         or
                         three
                         lines
                         in
                         Writing
                         of
                         the
                         truth
                         thereof
                         ,
                         which
                         I
                         could
                         not
                         reasonably
                         deny
                         you
                         ;
                         and
                         I
                         do
                         here
                         assure
                         you
                         that
                         the
                         same
                         Mill'd-Lead
                         which
                         was
                         first
                         laid
                         on
                         about
                         twelve
                         Years
                         since
                         upon
                         two
                         Platforms
                         at
                         my
                         House
                         there
                         ,
                         remains
                         on
                         still
                         very
                         well
                         ,
                         free
                         from
                         any
                         such
                         cracks
                         or
                         flaws
                         and
                         ridges
                         they
                         complain
                         of
                         ,
                         which
                         I
                         have
                         reason
                         to
                         believe
                         would
                         not
                         have
                         continued
                         so
                         well
                         ,
                         if
                         they
                         had
                         been
                         covered
                         with
                         Cast-Lead
                         ;
                         for
                         that
                         the
                         Cast-sheets
                         which
                         were
                         laid
                         upon
                         the
                         Cornish
                         next
                         the
                         Street
                         before
                         I
                         came
                         to
                         the
                         House
                         ,
                         were
                         afterward
                         in
                         many
                         places
                         so
                         crack'd
                         and
                         cockled
                         ,
                         that
                         about
                         eight
                         Years
                         ago
                         ,
                         as
                         I
                         remember
                         ,
                         the
                         Plumber
                         took
                         it
                         up
                         ,
                         or
                         great
                         part
                         of
                         it
                         ,
                         and
                         new
                         laid
                         it
                         again
                         :
                         I
                         considered
                         also
                         of
                         the
                         Charge
                         of
                         both
                         wayes
                         ,
                         before
                         I
                         made
                         use
                         of
                         the
                         Mill'd-Lead
                         ,
                         and
                         was
                         
                         then
                         satisfied
                         that
                         the
                         whole
                         was
                         cheaper
                         to
                         me
                         ,
                         and
                         would
                         prove
                         better
                         than
                         if
                         I
                         had
                         laid
                         it
                         with
                         Cast-Lead
                         of
                         the
                         size
                         the
                         Plumber
                         proposed
                         ,
                         and
                         I
                         continue
                         of
                         the
                         same
                         mind
                         still
                         ;
                         all
                         which
                         I
                         thought
                         fit
                         to
                         say
                         upon
                         this
                         occasion
                         ,
                         and
                         leave
                         it
                         to
                         you
                         to
                         make
                         use
                         thereof
                         as
                         you
                         please
                         ,
                         and
                         am
                      
                       
                         
                           
                             26
                             Aug.
                             1690.
                             
                          
                        
                         
                           SIR
                           ,
                        
                         
                           Your
                           Humble
                           Servant
                           ,
                           
                             Hugh
                             Chamberlain
                          
                           .
                        
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         Mr.
                         Hoy's
                         Letter
                         about
                         Mr.
                         Fox's
                         Lead-Covering
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Mr.
                           Hale
                           ,
                        
                      
                       
                         ACcording
                         to
                         your
                         desire
                         I
                         waited
                         upon
                         my
                         Friend
                         Mr.
                         Fox
                         ,
                         and
                         acquainted
                         him
                         that
                         the
                         Plumbers
                         in
                         a
                         Memorial
                         by
                         them
                         presented
                         to
                         the
                         Navy-Board
                         ,
                         had
                         alleadged
                         that
                         several
                         Houses
                         (
                         amongst
                         which
                         his
                         House
                         in
                         Surry-street
                         was
                         mentioned
                         to
                         be
                         one
                         )
                         formerly
                         covered
                         with
                         Mill'd-Lead
                         ,
                         had
                         been
                         since
                         strip'd
                         and
                         covered
                         with
                         Cast-Lead
                         ;
                         and
                         desiring
                         to
                         know
                         the
                         truth
                         of
                         it
                         ,
                         he
                         did
                         assure
                         me
                         that
                         their
                         Allegation
                         was
                         absolutely
                         false
                         ▪
                         for
                         that
                         the
                         Mill'd-Lead
                         formerly
                         laid
                         on
                         by
                         you
                         ,
                         still
                         remains
                         there
                         not
                         stirred
                         ,
                         which
                         he
                         
                         would
                         have
                         shewn
                         me
                         ,
                         but
                         was
                         then
                         a
                         little
                         indisposed
                         ,
                         being
                         but
                         newly
                         return'd
                         from
                         Tunbridge
                         ;
                         and
                         the
                         access
                         to
                         it
                         being
                         by
                         an
                         Engine
                         ,
                         which
                         would
                         have
                         required
                         his
                         Company
                         ,
                         I
                         was
                         unwilling
                         to
                         trouble
                         him
                         ,
                         but
                         will
                         wait
                         upon
                         him
                         again
                         whenever
                         you
                         desire
                         :
                      
                       
                         
                           
                             Sept.
                             1.
                             1690.
                             
                          
                        
                         
                           SIR
                           ,
                        
                         
                           Your
                           Servant
                           ,
                           
                             Clement
                             Hoy.
                          
                           
                        
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         Mr.
                         Letchmere's
                         Letter
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           Mr.
                           Hale
                           ,
                        
                      
                       
                         YOu
                         shewed
                         me
                         a
                         Paper
                         which
                         the
                         Plumbers
                         gave
                         in
                         to
                         the
                         Navy-Board
                         ,
                         wherein
                         they
                         much
                         complain
                         of
                         the
                         defects
                         of
                         the
                         Mill'd-Lead
                         (
                         boasting
                         of
                         the
                         excellency
                         and
                         durableness
                         of
                         their
                         Cast-Lead
                         )
                         and
                         say
                         ,
                         that
                         where
                         the
                         Mill'd-Lead
                         has
                         lain
                         a
                         few
                         Years
                         ,
                         it
                         hath
                         so
                         crack'd
                         ,
                         flaw'd
                         ,
                         and
                         rose
                         in
                         ridges
                         ,
                         that
                         after
                         the
                         Owners
                         have
                         been
                         at
                         great
                         Charge
                         in
                         the
                         daily
                         patching
                         and
                         mending
                         of
                         it
                         ,
                         they
                         have
                         at
                         last
                         been
                         forced
                         to
                         take
                         it
                         up
                         ,
                         and
                         lay
                         Cast-Lead
                         in
                         its
                         room
                         :
                         But
                         I
                         doubt
                         these
                         Plumbers
                         mistake
                         the
                         one
                         for
                         the
                         other
                         ,
                         for
                         I
                         know
                         very
                         well
                         their
                         Cast-Lead
                         had
                         all
                         these
                         ill
                         qualities
                         they
                         complain
                         of
                         ;
                         
                         for
                         upon
                         a
                         House
                         of
                         mine
                         ,
                         where
                         Mr.
                         Clark
                         now
                         lives
                         ,
                         next
                         Door
                         to
                         the
                         Bell
                         in
                         Fryday-street
                         ,
                         which
                         was
                         covered
                         with
                         Cast-Lead
                         at
                         the
                         first
                         Building
                         after
                         the
                         Fire
                         :
                         I
                         do
                         averr
                         that
                         after
                         such
                         rising
                         and
                         cockling
                         ,
                         and
                         its
                         being
                         patch'd
                         almost
                         all
                         over
                         ,
                         about
                         eight
                         Years
                         since
                         the
                         Tenant
                         was
                         forc'd
                         to
                         strip
                         it
                         ,
                         and
                         new
                         lay
                         it
                         ;
                         and
                         I
                         well
                         remember
                         I
                         allowed
                         10
                         l.
                         towards
                         the
                         charge
                         ,
                         and
                         I
                         fear
                         in
                         a
                         few
                         Years
                         it
                         will
                         be
                         in
                         as
                         bad
                         a
                         Condition
                         as
                         ever
                         ,
                         for
                         it
                         is
                         already
                         patch'd
                         in
                         divers
                         places
                         ;
                         and
                         had
                         I
                         had
                         the
                         good
                         Fortune
                         to
                         have
                         known
                         time
                         enough
                         of
                         your
                         Mill'd-Lead
                         ,
                         I
                         am
                         very
                         well
                         satisfied
                         from
                         my
                         own
                         Observation
                         of
                         such
                         Places
                         where
                         I
                         have
                         since
                         known
                         it
                         laid
                         ,
                         and
                         the
                         reason
                         of
                         the
                         thing
                         it self
                         ,
                         and
                         the
                         charge
                         thereof
                         (
                         a
                         Man
                         paying
                         for
                         no
                         superfluous
                         Lead
                         ,
                         as
                         in
                         the
                         other
                         you
                         do
                         )
                         that
                         I
                         might
                         have
                         saved
                         Money
                         ,
                         and
                         have
                         had
                         a
                         far
                         better
                         and
                         more
                         durable
                         Covering
                         on
                         my
                         House
                         than
                         now
                         I
                         have
                         .
                      
                       
                         SIR
                         ,
                         I
                         am
                         so
                         well
                         satisfied
                         of
                         the
                         excellency
                         of
                         your
                         Mill'd-Lead
                         ,
                         and
                         of
                         the
                         greatness
                         of
                         its
                         worth
                         for
                         all
                         uses
                         beyond
                         Cast
                         (
                         which
                         is
                         notwithstanding
                         all
                         the
                         Care
                         that
                         can
                         be
                         used
                         in
                         the
                         Casting
                         of
                         it
                         full
                         of
                         great
                         unevenness
                         and
                         other
                         defects
                         )
                         that
                         I
                         could
                         say
                         much
                         more
                         than
                         I
                         have
                         on
                         this
                         Subject
                         ,
                         but
                         I
                         always
                         thought
                         it
                         a
                         very
                         impertinent
                         thing
                         to
                         spend
                         too
                         much
                         time
                         in
                         arguing
                         against
                         Transubstantiation
                         ,
                         it
                         being
                         maintained
                         by
                         the
                         impudence
                         of
                         a
                         Party
                         that
                         resolve
                         they
                         will
                         not
                         be
                         convinc'd
                         ,
                         and
                         I
                         take
                         the
                         only
                         reason
                         why
                         the
                         Plumbers
                         oppose
                         your
                         Mill'd-Lead
                         to
                         be
                         
                         this
                         ,
                         because
                         their
                         Interest
                         is
                         concerned
                         ,
                         and
                         I
                         think
                         they
                         are
                         as
                         much
                         in
                         the
                         right
                         in
                         so
                         doing
                         as
                         those
                         Persons
                         are
                         in
                         the
                         wrong
                         ,
                         that
                         make
                         use
                         of
                         their
                         Cast-Lead
                         when
                         the
                         other
                         may
                         be
                         had
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           
                             27
                             Aug.
                             1690.
                             
                          
                        
                         
                           SIR
                           ,
                        
                         
                           Your
                           Humble
                           Servant
                           ,
                           
                             Tho.
                             Lechmere
                          
                           .
                        
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         Mr.
                         Lightfoot
                         ,
                         the
                         Lady
                         Portland's
                         Steward's
                         Certificate
                         .
                      
                       
                         WHereas
                         Mr.
                         Hale
                         did
                         this
                         day
                         shew
                         me
                         a
                         Paper
                         from
                         the
                         Company
                         of
                         Plumbers
                         ,
                         directed
                         to
                         the
                         Honourable
                         Commissioners
                         of
                         the
                         Navy
                         ,
                         wheriin
                         they
                         had
                         preferred
                         Cast-lead
                         far
                         before
                         Mill'd-Lead
                         ,
                         and
                         withall
                         had
                         there
                         inserted
                         several
                         Persons
                         of
                         Quality
                         and
                         others
                         ,
                         among
                         whom
                         was
                         my
                         Lady
                         ,
                         the
                         Countess
                         of
                         
                         Portland's
                         Name
                         ,
                         that
                         her
                         House
                         had
                         formerly
                         been
                         covered
                         with
                         Mill'd-Lead
                         ,
                         and
                         since
                         with
                         Cast-Lead
                         :
                         Now
                         these
                         are
                         to
                         Certifie
                         ,
                         that
                         my
                         Lady
                         ,
                         the
                         Countess
                         of
                         
                         Portland's
                         House
                         neither
                         was
                         nor
                         is
                         covered
                         with
                         Mill'd-Lead
                         ,
                         but
                         upon
                         altering
                         the
                         form
                         of
                         the
                         Building
                         ,
                         and
                         making
                         some
                         additions
                         thereto
                         about
                         Eleven
                         Years
                         since
                         ,
                         she
                         covered
                         the
                         back
                         part
                         with
                         Cast-Lead
                         ,
                         which
                         still
                         remains
                         ,
                         but
                         not
                         without
                         yearly
                         repairing
                         ,
                         of
                         late
                         occasioned
                         by
                         cockling
                         
                         and
                         rising
                         of
                         the
                         Lead
                         into
                         a
                         ridge
                         ,
                         which
                         afterwards
                         cracks
                         ,
                         and
                         so
                         are
                         obliged
                         to
                         patch
                         it
                         with
                         Soldar
                         ,
                         as
                         in
                         several
                         Places
                         we
                         have
                         since
                         't
                         was
                         laid
                         on
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           As
                           Witness
                           my
                           Hand
                           
                             this
                             30th
                             .
                             day
                             of
                             August
                             .
                             1690.
                             
                          
                        
                         
                           Robert
                           Lightfoot
                           .
                        
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         Mr.
                         Martin's
                         Letter
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           
                             YOu
                             told
                             me
                             that
                             some
                             Plumber
                             had
                             lately
                             informed
                             the
                             Navy-Board
                             that
                             the
                             Mill'd-Lead
                             Covering
                             upon
                             a
                             House
                             of
                             mine
                             in
                             Rood-lane
                             was
                             very
                             much
                             cockled
                             and
                             crack'd
                             ,
                             and
                             that
                             they
                             had
                             taken
                             off
                             some
                             part
                             of
                             it
                             ,
                             and
                             laid
                             Cast-Lead
                             in
                             its
                             room
                             ;
                             of
                             the
                             truth
                             of
                             which
                             ,
                             you
                             desiring
                             a
                             line
                             or
                             two
                             from
                             me
                             in
                             Writing
                             :
                             I
                             do
                             assure
                             you
                             't
                             is
                             no
                             such
                             thing
                             ,
                             for
                             the
                             same
                             Mill'd-Lead
                             sheets
                             ,
                             near
                             30
                             Foot
                             long
                             ,
                             that
                             was
                             first
                             laid
                             on
                             about
                             eleven
                             Years
                             agoe
                             ,
                             lyes
                             very
                             well
                             still
                             ,
                             without
                             any
                             ground
                             or
                             cause
                             for
                             such
                             Complaint
                             ;
                             and
                             I
                             am
                             so
                             well
                             satisfied
                             with
                             it
                             ,
                             that
                             if
                             I
                             had
                             the
                             like
                             ,
                             or
                             any
                             other
                             Occasion
                             for
                             Sheet-Lead
                             ,
                             I
                             should
                             preferr
                             the
                             use
                             of
                             your
                             Mill'd-Lead
                             much
                             before
                             that
                             which
                             is
                             only
                             Cast.
                             
                          
                           
                             
                               Josh.
                               Martin
                               .
                            
                             
                               
                                 Sept.
                                 15.
                                 1690.
                                 
                              
                            
                          
                        
                      
                       
                       
                         As
                         to
                         the
                         Plumbers
                         Skill
                         and
                         Conscience
                         they
                         pretend
                         about
                         their
                         Solder
                         ,
                         notwithstanding
                         their
                         hard
                         Words
                         and
                         hard
                         Mettal
                         they
                         usually
                         talk
                         of
                         therein
                         to
                         make
                         it
                         a
                         Mystery
                         ;
                         all
                         that
                         are
                         any
                         wise
                         conversant
                         in
                         Mettals
                         know
                         ,
                         that
                         their
                         Solder
                         is
                         only
                         a
                         Composition
                         of
                         Lead
                         and
                         Tyn
                         in
                         such
                         proportions
                         that
                         the
                         same
                         never
                         stands
                         them
                         in
                         above
                         four-pence-half-penny
                         a
                         Pound
                         ,
                         and
                         therefore
                         well
                         may
                         be
                         afforded
                         at
                         their
                         highest
                         Essay
                         for
                         six
                         pence
                         ,
                         so
                         that
                         the
                         Mill'd-Lead
                         Company
                         are
                         under
                         no
                         Temptation
                         of
                         making
                         it
                         courser
                         than
                         they
                         ;
                         which
                         however
                         would
                         be
                         no
                         damage
                         to
                         the
                         Customer
                         ,
                         but
                         an
                         injury
                         to
                         themselves
                         that
                         work
                         it
                         ,
                         a
                         due
                         proportion
                         of
                         Tin
                         being
                         only
                         necessary
                         to
                         make
                         their
                         Solder
                         work
                         and
                         run
                         the
                         better
                         before
                         their
                         Iron
                         .
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
               The
               Mill'd-Lead
               Company
               after
               their
               new
               Proposal
               to
               the
               Navy-Board
               ,
               presented
               also
               the
               Memorial
               following
               ,
               to
               shew
               the
               preference
               of
               their
               Mill'd-Lead
               for
               Scuppers
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                       To
                       the
                       Right
                       Honourable
                       ,
                       The
                       Principal
                       Officers
                       and
                       Commissioners
                       Of
                       their
                       MAJESTIES
                       NAVY
                       .
                    
                     
                       MEMORIAL
                       ,
                       Humbly
                       offered
                       by
                       the
                       Mill'd-Lead
                       Company
                       ,
                       proving
                       that
                       their
                       Mill'd-Lead
                       Scuppers
                       are
                       better
                       than
                       Cast-Lead
                       ,
                       and
                       at
                       least
                       25
                       per
                       Cent.
                       cheaper
                       .
                    
                     
                       THis
                       Company
                       having
                       in
                       Ianuary
                       ,
                       1678.
                       made
                       a
                       Proposal
                       to
                       this
                       Board
                       to
                       make
                       their
                       Scuppers
                       of
                       Mill'd-Lead
                       ,
                       one
                       Mr.
                       Parsons
                       a
                       Plumber
                       they
                       then
                       usually
                       employed
                       ,
                       opposed
                       it
                       ;
                       pretending
                       ,
                       that
                       altho
                       their
                       Lead
                       was
                       not
                       exactly
                       equal
                       ,
                       yet
                       the
                       inequality
                       was
                       so
                       inconsiderable
                       ,
                       that
                       Mill'd-Lead
                       Scuppers
                       being
                       then
                       4
                       ●
                       ▪
                       in
                       a
                       hundred
                       more
                       than
                       theirs
                       ,
                       they
                       would
                       be
                       much
                       dearer
                       to
                       the
                       King
                       ;
                       whereupon
                       the
                       Board
                       was
                       
                       pleased
                       to
                       appoint
                       a
                       time
                       for
                       hearing
                       both
                       sides
                       ;
                       when
                       the
                       Plumber
                       to
                       make
                       his
                       Pretences
                       good
                       ,
                       undertook
                       his
                       Scuppers
                       should
                       not
                       be
                       above
                       half
                       a
                       pound
                       in
                       ten
                       heavier
                       than
                       the
                       size
                       the
                       Board
                       should
                       Order
                       ;
                       they
                       thereupon
                       ,
                       7
                       Ian.
                       1678.
                       ordered
                       each
                       to
                       make
                       36
                       Scuppers
                       of
                       three
                       several
                       sizes
                       and
                       thicknesses
                       ,
                       viz.
                       8
                       
                         l.
                         10
                         l.
                      
                       and
                       12
                       l.
                       to
                       the
                       Foot
                       square
                       ;
                       both
                       sides
                       soon
                       after
                       sent
                       in
                       their
                       Scuppers
                       to
                       Deptford
                       ,
                       where
                       being
                       received
                       into
                       the
                       Stores
                       and
                       weighed
                       ,
                       the
                       Mill'd-Lead
                       Scuppers
                       appeared
                       to
                       be
                       conformable
                       to
                       the
                       Order
                       ,
                       and
                       to
                       weigh
                       but
                       8
                       
                         c.
                         1
                         q.
                         26
                         l.
                      
                       whereas
                       the
                       Cast-Lead
                       Scuppers
                       weighed
                       12
                       
                         c.
                         3
                         q.
                         10
                         l.
                      
                       above
                       one
                       third
                       more
                       ;
                       which
                       appearing
                       so
                       gross
                       a
                       difference
                       from
                       what
                       the
                       Plumber
                       undertook
                       ,
                       and
                       he
                       pretending
                       Excuses
                       and
                       Servants
                       carelesness
                       :
                    
                     
                       The
                       Board
                       indulged
                       him
                       another
                       Tryal
                       upon
                       72
                       Scuppers
                       ,
                       when
                       he
                       took
                       to
                       his
                       Assistance
                       one
                       Mr.
                       Whitehall
                       ,
                       another
                       Plumber
                       that
                       usually
                       also
                       made
                       Scuppers
                       for
                       the
                       Navy
                       ,
                       and
                       it
                       cannot
                       be
                       imagined
                       but
                       that
                       these
                       Plumbers
                       now
                       used
                       all
                       their
                       Skill
                       and
                       Care
                       ,
                       which
                       notwithstanding
                       all
                       ,
                       though
                       in
                       many
                       places
                       they
                       appeared
                       to
                       be
                       thinner
                       than
                       the
                       Milled-Lead
                       of
                       the
                       sizes
                       given
                       ,
                       the
                       weight
                       of
                       the
                       whole
                       72
                       came
                       to
                       25
                       
                         c.
                         1
                         q.
                         12
                         l.
                      
                       whereof
                       Parsons
                       made
                       31
                       ,
                       weighing
                       9
                       
                         c.
                         3
                         q.
                         0
                         l.
                      
                       and
                       Whitehall
                       41
                       ,
                       weighing
                       15
                       
                         c.
                         2
                         q.
                         12
                         l.
                      
                       whereas
                       the
                       72
                       Mill'd-Lead
                       Scuppers
                       weighed
                       but
                       16
                       
                         c.
                         3
                         q.
                         10
                         l.
                      
                       about
                       the
                       same
                       proportion
                       the
                       former
                       were
                       ,
                       which
                       at
                       the
                       then
                       Prizes
                       of
                       22
                       s.
                       for
                       the
                       Cast
                       ,
                       and
                       26
                       
                         s.
                         per
                         hund
                      
                       .
                       for
                       the
                       Mill'd-Lead
                       Scuppers
                       ,
                       was
                       27
                       
                         per
                         Cent.
                      
                       loss
                       to
                       the
                       King
                       ;
                       after
                       which
                       the
                       Company
                       made
                       many
                       
                       more
                       ;
                       however
                       Demands
                       have
                       been
                       discontinued
                       since
                       .
                       This
                       being
                       a
                       matter
                       of
                       Fact
                       ,
                       the
                       truth
                       of
                       which
                       may
                       appear
                       from
                       the
                       Store-keepers
                       Books
                       at
                       Deptford
                       ,
                       this
                       Company
                       hopes
                       when
                       you
                       shall
                       thus
                       be
                       put
                       in
                       mind
                       of
                       the
                       great
                       and
                       certain
                       loss
                       their
                       Majesties
                       have
                       and
                       must
                       sustain
                       in
                       this
                       particular
                       ,
                       demonstrated
                       by
                       Tryals
                       that
                       have
                       been
                       so
                       fairly
                       and
                       fully
                       made
                       ,
                       your
                       Honours
                       will
                       make
                       no
                       great
                       difficulty
                       of
                       restoring
                       this
                       part
                       of
                       their
                       Work
                       at
                       least
                       to
                       their
                       Service
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         
                           May
                           19.
                           1690.
                           
                        
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         All
                         which
                         they
                         humbly
                         lay
                         before
                         this
                         Honourable
                         Board
                         ,
                         for
                         their
                         Consideration
                         upon
                         the
                         New
                         Contract
                         proposed
                         .
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
               After
               all
               (
               and
               upon
               the
               Surveyors
               producing
               to
               the
               Board
               a
               piece
               of
               Lead
               indifferently
               cut
               out
               of
               a
               Cast-Sheet
               of
               8
               l.
               in
               the
               Foot
               square
               ,
               one
               with
               another
               ,
               in
               Deptford-Yard
               ,
               which
               they
               owned
               to
               be
               not
               above
               6
               in
               some
               places
               )
               they
               thought
               fit
               in
               Septemb.
               1690.
               to
               Contract
               with
               the
               Company
               to
               supply
               their
               Majesties
               Yards
               with
               their
               Mill'd
               Sheet-Lead
               ,
               of
               all
               sizes
               ,
               of
               thickness
               and
               thinness
               ,
               at
               Rates
               agreed
               ;
               but
               as
               to
               the
               Scuppers
               ,
               they
               were
               pleased
               to
               suspend
               any
               Contract
               for
               them
               ,
               'till
               they
               should
               upon
               a
               further
               Tryal
               (
               shortly
               to
               be
               made
               )
               be
               satisfied
               that
               they
               also
               were
               better
               for
               their
               Majesties
               Service
               than
               Scuppers
               made
               of
               Cast-Lead
               ,
               saying
               they
               had
               had
               no
               account
               of
               the
               Success
               of
               the
               former
               Tryals
               .
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
               A
               TREATISE
               OF
               Naval
               Philosophy
               .
            
             
               In
               Three
               Parts
               .
               
                 
                   I.
                   A
                   Phisico-Mathematical
                   Discourse
                   of
                   Ships
                   and
                   Sailing
                   .
                
                 
                   II.
                   Of
                   Naval
                   Policy
                   .
                
                 
                   III.
                   Of
                   Naval
                   Oeconomy
                   or
                   Husbandry
                   .
                
              
            
          
        
         
           
             
               
                 The
                 First
                 Part
                 ,
              
               
                 
                   Contains
                   the
                   several
                   Sorts
                   and
                   Closes
                   of
                   Experiments
                   under-mentioned
                   ,
                   viz.
                   
                
                 
                   1.
                   
                   THE
                   specifical
                   weight
                   of
                   Water
                   ,
                   and
                   Timber
                   ,
                   and
                   Irons
                   ,
                   as
                   also
                   the
                   several
                   Materials
                   whereof
                   Shipping
                   is
                   composed
                   .
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   The
                   absolute
                   and
                   comparative
                   strength
                   
                   of
                   
                     Wood
                     ,
                     Metals
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Ropes
                   ,
                   in
                   their
                   several
                   dimensions
                   ,
                   Figures
                   and
                   Quantities
                   ,
                   and
                   how
                   much
                   the
                   strength
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   is
                   diminished
                   by
                   Notches
                   ,
                   Holes
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Excavations
                   ,
                   or
                   increased
                   by
                   the
                   Texture
                   and
                   grain
                   of
                   the
                   said
                   materials
                   .
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   The
                   
                     motions
                     ,
                     strength
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   matter
                   of
                   the
                   Wind.
                   
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   The
                   
                     motion
                     ,
                     strength
                     ,
                     course
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   figure
                   of
                   Waters
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   surface
                   thereof
                   in
                   
                     Rivers
                     ,
                     Tide-ways
                     ,
                     Currants
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Edies
                   ;
                   as
                   also
                   in
                   the
                   Ocean
                   ,
                   whether
                   the
                   same
                   be
                   spontaneous
                   ,
                   or
                   by
                   agitation
                   of
                   the
                   Wind.
                   
                
                 
                   5.
                   
                   Of
                   the
                   Tractive
                   and
                   Pulsive
                   forces
                   upon
                   
                     swimming
                     Bodies
                  
                   ,
                   in
                   respect
                   of
                   
                     strength
                     ,
                     time
                  
                   ,
                   proportional
                   increase
                   of
                   
                     swiftness
                     ,
                     lines
                     of
                     Direction
                     ,
                     Superficies
                     of
                     Ressistance
                     ,
                     Magnitude
                  
                   of
                   the
                   
                     movent
                     bodies
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     impression
                     of
                     force
                  
                   in
                   various
                   Angles
                   of
                   Incidence
                   and
                   Reflection
                   .
                
                 
                   6.
                   
                   Several
                   
                     Hydrostatical
                     Experiments
                  
                   relating
                   to
                   Pumps
                   ,
                   and
                   Leakage
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   several
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   Ship
                   ,
                   and
                   depth
                   under
                   water
                   ,
                   wherein
                   the
                   same
                   may
                   happen
                   .
                
                 
                   7.
                   
                   Experiment
                   of
                   
                     spinning
                     ,
                     twisting
                  
                   and
                   wearing
                   ,
                   with
                   reference
                   to
                   
                     Sail-Cloath
                     ,
                     Cables
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   other
                   sorts
                   of
                   Cordage
                   .
                
                 
                   8.
                   
                   Experiments
                   upon
                   
                     Pitch
                     ,
                     Tarr
                     ,
                     Rosin
                     ,
                     Oyl
                     ,
                     Brimstone
                     ,
                     Tallow
                     ,
                     Ocum-Leather
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   relating
                   to
                   the
                   
                     Sheathing
                     ,
                     Caulking
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   preserving
                   of
                   Vessels
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   appurtenances
                   from
                   the
                   injuries
                   of
                   
                     water
                     ,
                     weather
                     ,
                     worms
                  
                   and
                   weeds
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   their
                   
                     weight
                     ,
                     Extention
                     ,
                     Duration
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   9.
                   
                   Of
                   the
                   choice
                   seasoning
                   and
                   preparing
                   of
                   Timber
                   and
                   
                     Plank
                     ,
                     Knees
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Trenails
                   ,
                   as
                   also
                   of
                   
                     Iron
                     ,
                     Hemp
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Materials
                   used
                   in
                   Shipping
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   10.
                   
                   Of
                   the
                   particular
                   power
                   of
                   
                     Oars
                     ,
                     Wheels
                     ,
                     Poles
                     ,
                     draught
                     of
                     men
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   Horses
                   ,
                   with
                   reference
                   to
                   their
                   Actions
                   upon
                   Vessels
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   reducing
                   them
                   all
                   to
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   Calculation
                   and
                   Principal
                   .
                
                 
                   11.
                   
                   Of
                   founding
                   and
                   measuring
                   the
                   depth
                   of
                   water
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   discovering
                   the
                   Nature
                   of
                   Ground
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   
                     hold-fast
                     of
                     Anchors
                  
                   ,
                   wear
                   and
                   tear
                   of
                   Ground-Tackle
                   ,
                   with
                   what
                   else
                   belongs
                   to
                   the
                   artificial
                   moving
                   and
                   riding
                   of
                   Ships
                   upon
                   all
                   occasions
                   .
                
                 
                   12.
                   
                   
                     Magnetical
                     ,
                     Hoxometrical
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Optical
                   Instruments
                   and
                   Experiments
                   .
                
                 
                   13.
                   
                   Nautical
                   Geography
                   and
                   Astronomy
                   .
                
                 
                   14.
                   
                   Nautical
                   Staticks
                   ,
                   and
                   Mechanicks
                   ,
                   
                     relating
                     to
                  
                   Pullies
                   and
                   Crows
                   ,
                   Handspecks
                   ,
                   Screws
                   ,
                   Hances
                   ,
                   Kildwedges
                   ,
                   Nippets
                   ,
                   Capsterns
                   ,
                   Windlesses
                   ,
                   Slings
                   ,
                   
                     &c.
                     in
                     order
                     to
                     the
                     Landing
                     ,
                     Masting
                     ,
                     Leading
                     ,
                     Careening
                     ,
                     and
                     weighing
                     up
                     of
                     a
                     Ship.
                     
                  
                
                 
                   15.
                   
                   Of
                   Gun-powder
                   ,
                   the
                   several
                   sorts
                   of
                   Metals
                   for
                   Guns
                   and
                   Shot
                   ;
                   their
                   several
                   figures
                   and
                   proportions
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   the
                   several
                   Effects
                   of
                   
                     Penetration
                     ,
                     battering
                  
                   and
                   
                     direct
                     shooting
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   16.
                   
                   Of
                   several
                   Observations
                   upon
                   loading
                   of
                   a
                   Ship
                   with
                   
                     Lead
                     ,
                     Wood
                     ,
                     Cotton
                     ,
                     Liquor
                     in
                     Cask
                     ,
                     Corn
                     ,
                     Salt
                     ,
                     Frail
                  
                   and
                   Timber
                   :
                   And
                   the
                   Accidents
                   which
                   usually
                   fall
                   out
                   in
                   each
                   of
                   the
                   said
                   sorts
                   of
                   loading
                   ,
                   with
                   reference
                   to
                   the
                   safety
                   and
                   well
                   sailing
                   of
                   a
                   Vessel
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   said
                   
                     first
                     part
                  
                   containing
                   also
                   the
                   Definition
                   and
                   division
                   of
                   a
                   Ship
                   in
                   its
                   several
                   parts
                   ,
                   together
                   with
                   a
                   Selection
                   and
                   Description
                   of
                   
                   the
                   principal
                   things
                   and
                   notions
                   which
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   considered
                   in
                   framing
                   and
                   fitting
                   of
                   a
                   Ship
                   for
                   the
                   several
                   uses
                   unto
                   which
                   the
                   same
                   is
                   designed
                   ,
                   in
                   manner
                   following
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   1.
                   
                   A
                   Ship
                   is
                   understood
                   to
                   be
                   all
                   from
                   the
                   Keel
                   to
                   the
                   Vane
                   ,
                   and
                   from
                   the
                   extremity
                   of
                   the
                   Boulsprit
                   to
                   the
                   Lanthorn
                   .
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   The
                   said
                   Ship
                   is
                   divided
                   into
                   
                     Hull
                     ,
                     Sails
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   her
                   Burthen
                   .
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   The
                   Hull
                   is
                   considered
                   but
                   as
                   one
                   piece
                   of
                   Timber
                   ,
                   and
                   carved
                   out
                   of
                   one
                   Logg
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   divided
                   into
                   what
                   is
                   under
                   the
                   
                     upper
                     Deck
                  
                   ,
                   out
                   of
                   which
                   all
                   waters
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   excluded
                   .
                   And
                   what
                   is
                   above
                   the
                   same
                   ,
                   as
                   
                     Cabins
                     ,
                     Round-house
                     ,
                     Cuddie
                     ,
                     Fore-castle
                     ,
                     Coaches
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   which
                   may
                   be
                   rather
                   esteemed
                   as
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   burthen
                   of
                   a
                   Ship
                   ,
                   than
                   
                     Essential
                     part
                  
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   .
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   The
                   Hull
                   under
                   the
                   said
                   
                     upper
                     Deck
                  
                   is
                   divided
                   into
                   the
                   Cavity
                   or
                   Hold
                   ,
                   whether
                   the
                   same
                   shall
                   be
                   subdivided
                   by
                   other
                   Decks
                   and
                   Bulk-heads
                   or
                   not
                   ,
                   as
                   also
                   into
                   the
                   Shell
                   of
                   the
                   said
                   Cavity
                   :
                   and
                   thereby
                   into
                   the
                   Additaments
                   affixed
                   to
                   the
                   outside
                   of
                   the
                   said
                   Shell
                   .
                   Such
                   are
                   the
                   
                     false
                     Stemm
                     ,
                     Gripe
                     ,
                     Keel
                     ,
                     Stern-post
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   Dead-rising
                   up
                   the
                   Tuck
                   ,
                   excluding
                   the
                   Rudder
                   .
                
                 
                   5.
                   
                   Upon
                   the
                   Shell
                   of
                   the
                   Ship
                   ,
                   or
                   rather
                   of
                   the
                   said
                   Cavity
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   considered
                   the
                   several
                   Lines
                   under-mentioned
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   drawn
                   parrallel
                   to
                   the
                   Keel
                   ,
                   (
                   viz.
                   )
                
                 
                   1.
                   
                   The
                   line
                   unto
                   which
                   the
                   Hull
                   of
                   the
                   Ship
                   sinks
                   upon
                   her
                   launching
                   .
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   The
                   line
                   unto
                   which
                   the
                   whole
                   Ship
                   sinks
                   when
                   she
                   is
                   
                     rigged
                     ,
                     balasted
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   fitted
                   for
                   the
                   
                   best
                   advantage
                   of
                   sailing
                   ,
                   and
                   mann'd
                   with
                   a
                   sufficient
                   Complement
                   for
                   that
                   purpose
                   ,
                   victualled
                   with
                   three
                   months
                   Victuals
                   ,
                   and
                   furnisht
                   with
                   Defensive
                   Arms.
                   
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   The
                   line
                   unto
                   which
                   she
                   sinks
                   loaden
                   as
                   a
                   
                     Merchant
                     Man.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   The
                   line
                   unto
                   which
                   she
                   stoops
                   upon
                   a
                   Wind
                   of
                   either
                   side
                   .
                
                 
                   5.
                   
                   The
                   line
                   of
                   Horizontal-section
                   where
                   the
                   
                     Gun
                     Deck
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   other
                   Decks
                   and
                   Orlop
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   placed
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   lines
                   to
                   which
                   the
                   Ports
                   between
                   each
                   Deck
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   next
                   place
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   considered
                   the
                   three
                   
                     perpendicular
                     length-way
                     sections
                  
                   following
                   ,
                   viz.
                   
                
                 
                   1.
                   
                   The
                   section
                   of
                   splitting
                   the
                   whole
                   Ship
                   ,
                   Cabbin
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   other
                   superstructures
                   included
                   between
                   the
                   Plank-sheering
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Keels
                   ,
                   the
                   upper
                   line
                   of
                   which
                   section
                   is
                   called
                   the
                   Sheer
                   of
                   the
                   Ship.
                   
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   Upon
                   the
                   general
                   and
                   most
                   comprehensive
                   section
                   I
                   propound
                   ,
                   that
                   all
                   the
                   
                     Horizontal
                     lines
                  
                   before
                   mentioned
                   may
                   be
                   mark'd
                   together
                   with
                   the
                   
                     bottom
                     line
                  
                   of
                   the
                   Interval
                   Cavity
                   or
                   Hold
                   before
                   mentioned
                   .
                
                 
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   let
                   there
                   be
                   a
                   
                     transverse
                     section
                  
                   of
                   the
                   Hull
                   at
                   the
                   
                     main
                     bend
                  
                   ,
                   within
                   which
                   let
                   two
                   other
                   
                     parallel
                     sections
                  
                   be
                   described
                   arising
                   from
                   each
                   extremity
                   of
                   the
                   Keel
                   .
                
                 
                   Next
                   to
                   the
                   several
                   Lines
                   and
                   Sections
                   before
                   mentioned
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   necessary
                   to
                   take
                   Notice
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Center
                     of
                     Gravity
                  
                   and
                   Magnitude
                   ,
                   as
                   well
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   Ship
                   comprehended
                   between
                   the
                   Keel
                   and
                   the
                   Vane
                   ,
                   as
                   of
                   the
                   several
                   parts
                   thereof
                   ,
                   viz.
                   The
                   Centers
                   of
                   Gravity
                   and
                   Magnitude
                   
                   of
                   that
                   part
                   which
                   is
                   under
                   the
                   water
                   ;
                   as
                   also
                   of
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   above
                   the
                   water
                   in
                   the
                   Air
                   and
                   Wind.
                   
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   The
                   same
                   also
                   to
                   be
                   observed
                   when
                   the
                   Ship
                   swims
                   upon
                   an
                   uneven
                   and
                   
                     unlevel
                     Keel
                  
                   drooping
                   forwards
                   ,
                   or
                   sending
                   aft
                   .
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   Consideration
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   had
                   of
                   that
                   line
                   which
                   by
                   a
                   Spindle
                   passing
                   and
                   fixed
                   into
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   the
                   Ship
                   lying
                   cross
                   a
                   Current
                   when
                   no
                   Wind
                   at
                   all
                   is
                   stirring
                   ,
                   would
                   be
                   in
                   Equilibrio
                   ;
                   also
                   the
                   like
                   line
                   passing
                   through
                   the
                   supernatant
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Ship
                   would
                   also
                   be
                   in
                   Equilibrio
                   ,
                   its
                   broad
                   side
                   lying
                   to
                   the
                   Wind
                   in
                   dead
                   water
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   next
                   place
                   there
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   considered
                   the
                   proportion
                   between
                   
                     the
                     way
                     of
                     the
                     Ship
                  
                   cut
                   off
                   at
                   its
                   greatest
                   
                     transverse
                     section
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     the
                     way
                     of
                     the
                     same
                  
                   shaped
                   from
                   the
                   same
                   section
                   forward
                   in
                   the
                   usual
                   manner
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   his
                   best
                   advantage
                   .
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   The
                   proportion
                   between
                   the
                   resistance
                   ,
                   between
                   the
                   perpendicular
                   
                     length-way
                     section
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   outside
                   of
                   the
                   Hull
                   shaped
                   as
                   is
                   usual
                   .
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   Between
                   the
                   
                     Horizontal
                     Section
                  
                   at
                   the
                   
                     water
                     line
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   bottom
                   of
                   a
                   Ship
                   in
                   its
                   usual
                   shape
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   II.
                   
                
                 
                   BEing
                   thus
                   furnished
                   with
                   the
                   sixteen
                   sorts
                   of
                   Experiments
                   above
                   mentioned
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   the
                   clear
                   and
                   definite
                   understanding
                   of
                   the
                   
                     several
                     parts
                  
                   of
                   the
                   Ship
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   several
                   
                     Sections
                     ,
                     Lines
                     ,
                     Centers
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Proportions
                     of
                     resistance
                  
                   above
                   mentioned
                   :
                   We
                   then
                   proceed
                   upon
                   the
                   
                   third
                   Branch
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   
                     General
                     Part
                  
                   as
                   followeth
                   .
                   (
                   viz.
                   )
                   Suppose
                   we
                   have
                   before
                   us
                   a
                   piece
                   of
                   Timber
                   ,
                   of
                   equal
                   substance
                   ,
                   of
                   an
                   indefinite
                   length
                   ,
                   and
                   square
                   at
                   both
                   ends
                   ,
                   we
                   are
                   now
                   to
                   consider
                   by
                   what
                   process
                   to
                   carve
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   the
                   Hull
                   of
                   a
                   Ship
                   ,
                   which
                   work
                   will
                   contain
                   the
                   several
                   Considerations
                   following
                   .
                
                 
                   (
                   1.
                   )
                   Of
                   what
                   length
                   to
                   cut
                   the
                   said
                   Timber
                   ,
                   which
                   at
                   first
                   we
                   will
                   suppose
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   length
                   of
                   
                     four
                     sides
                  
                   of
                   the
                   square
                   ,
                   intending
                   hereafter
                   to
                   debate
                   whether
                   the
                   same
                   ought
                   at
                   all
                   to
                   be
                   longer
                   or
                   shorter
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   what
                   Cases
                   .
                
                 
                   (
                   2.
                   )
                   Suppose
                   the
                   said
                   Square
                   be
                   divided
                   into
                   
                     twelve
                     parts
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   seven
                   of
                   them
                   shall
                   be
                   under
                   water
                   when
                   the
                   Ship
                   is
                   loaden
                   .
                
                 
                   (
                   3.
                   )
                   Dividing
                   the
                   
                     length
                     line
                  
                   into
                   twelve
                   parts
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   three
                   of
                   them
                   let
                   the
                   two
                   sides
                   converge
                   into
                   an
                   Angle
                   ,
                   whose
                   sides
                   let
                   be
                   
                     portions
                     of
                     Circles
                  
                   unto
                   which
                   the
                   remaining
                   strait
                   part
                   may
                   be
                   a
                   
                     contingent
                     line
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   Angle
                   is
                   the
                   first
                   means
                   of
                   facilitating
                   the
                   
                     Ships
                     way
                  
                   through
                   the
                   Water
                   .
                
                 
                   (
                   4.
                   )
                   At
                   four
                   parts
                   let
                   the
                   
                     bottom
                     superficies
                  
                   converge
                   into
                   an
                   Angle
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   
                     Horizontal
                     Section
                  
                   above
                   mentioned
                   ,
                   viz.
                   at
                   the
                   Ships
                   greatest
                   draught
                   of
                   water
                   .
                
                 
                   (
                   5.
                   )
                   At
                   the
                   said
                   Section
                   let
                   the
                   sides
                   downwards
                   converge
                   into
                   an
                   Angle
                   ,
                   consisting
                   also
                   of
                   
                     Circular
                     Lines
                  
                   .
                   This
                   last
                   Angle
                   is
                   made
                   for
                   the
                   Ships
                   
                     ease
                     of
                     falling
                  
                   into
                   the
                   Sea
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   two
                   first
                   were
                   for
                   its
                   
                     easier
                     passing
                  
                   through
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   next
                   place
                   we
                   must
                   provide
                   for
                   the
                   coming
                   of
                   water
                   to
                   the
                   Rudder
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   performed
                   by
                   two
                   other
                   Angulations
                   ,
                   viz.
                   
                   from
                   fifteen
                   
                     parts
                     aft
                  
                   ,
                   let
                   the
                   sides
                   of
                   the
                   Ship
                   converge
                   into
                   an
                   Angle
                   from
                   the
                   
                     Horizontal
                     saction
                     downwards
                  
                   ,
                   where
                   the
                   Ship
                   draweth
                   least
                   water
                   at
                   her
                   Launching
                   ,
                   which
                   will
                   be
                   the
                   
                     height
                     of
                     the
                     Tuck
                  
                   ,
                   let
                   the
                   
                     bottom
                     superficies
                  
                   be
                   bent
                   in
                   a
                   
                     Circular
                     line
                  
                   .
                   And
                   thus
                   we
                   have
                   in
                   gross
                   set
                   down
                   the
                   
                     five
                     Incurvations
                  
                   of
                   the
                   bottom
                   and
                   sides
                   of
                   our
                   Logg
                   ,
                   and
                   how
                   the
                   butt-ends
                   thereof
                   have
                   been
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   abolished
                   
                     forward
                     on
                  
                   for
                   the
                   
                     easie
                     passage
                  
                   of
                   the
                   Vessel
                   through
                   the
                   water
                   ,
                   and
                   aft
                   for
                   the
                   quick
                   and
                   effectual
                   pulse
                   of
                   the
                   water
                   upon
                   the
                   Rudder
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   next
                   place
                   we
                   come
                   to
                   the
                   like
                   shaping
                   of
                   the
                   remaining
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Logg
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   intend
                   shall
                   swim
                   above
                   the
                   water
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   performed
                   as
                   followeth
                   .
                
                 
                   Let
                   it
                   be
                   supposed
                   that
                   the
                   Ship
                   upon
                   a
                   Wind
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   stoop
                   upon
                   a
                   certain
                   Angle
                   ,
                   let
                   the
                   supernatant
                   sides
                   of
                   a
                   Ship
                   so
                   much
                   tumble
                   (
                   as
                   they
                   call
                   it
                   )
                   as
                   that
                   the
                   said
                   sides
                   may
                   remain
                   perpendicular
                   when
                   the
                   Ship
                   stoops
                   ,
                   which
                   being
                   done
                   quite
                   round
                   the
                   upper
                   surface
                   ,
                   the
                   remainder
                   will
                   be
                   the
                   shape
                   and
                   section
                   of
                   the
                   
                     upper
                     Deck
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Memorandum
                   ,
                   That
                   all
                   the
                   forementioned
                   Incurvations
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   trimmed
                   and
                   repaired
                   by
                   reconciled
                   lines
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   next
                   place
                   we
                   come
                   to
                   ●ollowing
                   or
                   excavating
                   of
                   our
                   Logg
                   ,
                   which
                   suppose
                   (
                   beginning
                   at
                   the
                   middle
                   )
                   we
                   do
                   (
                   leaving
                   equal
                   thickness
                   )
                   every
                   where
                   until
                   the
                   Logg
                   become
                   so
                   light
                   that
                   it
                   swims
                   at
                   the
                   line
                   representing
                   the
                   
                     launching
                     line
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   we
                   have
                   now
                   acquired
                   the
                   
                     model
                     of
                     a
                     Ship
                  
                   as
                   it
                   appeareth
                   in
                   her
                   launching
                   ,
                   except
                   the
                   Cabbins
                   and
                   
                   what
                   is
                   usually
                   superstructed
                   ●pon
                   the
                   upper
                   Deck
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   next
                   place
                   we
                   are
                   to
                   consider
                   how
                   far
                   ballast
                   and
                   
                     weight
                     of
                     rigging
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   will
                   sink
                   the
                   said
                   Ship
                   :
                   And
                   secondly
                   ,
                   how
                   much
                   deep
                   the
                   weight
                   that
                   must
                   be
                   added
                   to
                   fit
                   out
                   a
                   
                     Man
                     of
                     War
                  
                   will
                   depress
                   her
                   ,
                   for
                   till
                   then
                   we
                   cannot
                   rationally
                   determine
                   the
                   place
                   of
                   the
                   Gun-deck
                   ,
                   wherefore
                   the
                   next
                   enquiry
                   must
                   be
                   ,
                   what
                   
                     extent
                     of
                     Sail
                  
                   our
                   Vessel
                   must
                   carry
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   the
                   
                     length
                     of
                     the
                     Masts
                  
                   and
                   Yards
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   of
                   their
                   thickness
                   and
                   weight
                   ;
                   and
                   from
                   thence
                   the
                   size
                   of
                   the
                   rigging
                   ,
                   and
                   from
                   thence
                   the
                   Wind-loft
                   ,
                   and
                   from
                   thence
                   the
                   Cables
                   and
                   Anohors
                   ,
                   and
                   from
                   thence
                   all
                   the
                   Capsterns
                   and
                   
                     Windless
                     Boats
                     ,
                     Bitts
                     ,
                     Catheads
                  
                   and
                   Davits
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   next
                   place
                   we
                   are
                   to
                   consider
                   the
                   
                     quality
                     ,
                     quantity
                  
                   and
                   weight
                   of
                   our
                   ballast
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   the
                   Ship
                   may
                   stoop
                   but
                   according
                   to
                   our
                   intention
                   ,
                   and
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   strength
                   of
                   our
                   Masts
                   and
                   Shrowds
                   .
                
                 
                   Having
                   thus
                   found
                   out
                   our
                   second
                   Water-line
                   ,
                   which
                   I
                   call
                   the
                   sailing-line
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   first
                   was
                   called
                   the
                   launching-line
                   :
                   Now
                   we
                   come
                   to
                   the
                   third
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   
                     line
                     of
                     War.
                  
                   And
                   this
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   discovered
                   by
                   computing
                   the
                   weight
                   first
                   of
                   the
                   Ordnance
                   ,
                   which
                   suppose
                   to
                   be
                   in
                   a
                   Man
                   of
                   War
                   ,
                   one
                   6
                   th
                   .
                   part
                   of
                   what
                   is
                   between
                   the
                   Sailing-line
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   
                     line
                     of
                     Burthen
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     fourth
                     Line
                  
                   .
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   the
                   weight
                   of
                   Men
                   with
                   three
                   
                     months
                     Victuals
                  
                   ;
                   in
                   order
                   thereunto
                   we
                   must
                   determine
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   Men
                   for
                   sailing
                   from
                   the
                   
                     Spread
                     of
                     Canvas
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   Men
                   for
                   fighting
                   from
                   the
                   Amplitude
                   of
                   the
                   Deck
                   ,
                   and
                   weight
                   of
                   the
                   Ordnance
                   .
                
                 
                   Having
                   found
                   out
                   the
                   said
                   Line
                   ,
                   and
                   considered
                   the
                   distance
                   of
                   Trunnions
                   of
                   the
                   Guns
                   from
                   the
                   Gun-deck
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   distance
                   of
                   the
                   Muzzels
                   of
                   the
                   Guns
                   levelled
                   from
                   the
                   surface
                   of
                   the
                   water
                   ,
                   we
                   come
                   at
                   length
                   to
                   determine
                   the
                   place
                   of
                   the
                   Gun-deck
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   Deck
                   .
                
                 
                   Memorandum
                   ,
                   That
                   the
                   superstructions
                   upon
                   the
                   upper
                   Deck
                   are
                   not
                   only
                   for
                   the
                   Accommodation
                   of
                   Men
                   ,
                   but
                   also
                   fortifications
                   of
                   the
                   Ship
                   ;
                   forasmuch
                   as
                   the
                   Guns
                   in
                   the
                   
                   Fore-castle
                   and
                   steerage
                   clear
                   the
                   Deck
                   ,
                   as
                   those
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Round
                     house
                  
                   do
                   the
                   
                     Quarter
                     deck
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Having
                   found
                   the
                   dimensions
                   of
                   the
                   Masts
                   ,
                   we
                   next
                   come
                   to
                   the
                   place
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   viz.
                   by
                   what
                   points
                   of
                   the
                   Gun-deck
                   they
                   must
                   pass
                   ,
                   and
                   here
                   we
                   must
                   consider
                   the
                   reasons
                   of
                   their
                   
                     raking
                     ast
                  
                   ,
                   as
                   also
                   of
                   the
                   steeving
                   of
                   the
                   Boulsprit
                   ,
                   and
                   withal
                   the
                   reasons
                   of
                   placing
                   the
                   Top-mast
                   before
                   or
                   behind
                   the
                   Main-mast
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   dividing
                   each
                   Mast
                   into
                   three
                   parts
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   proportion
                   of
                   the
                   
                     round
                     Tops
                     ,
                     main
                     Stays
                     ,
                     the
                     place
                  
                   and
                   fitting
                   of
                   the
                   Shrowd
                   so
                   as
                   to
                   make
                   way
                   for
                   the
                   gibbing
                   of
                   the
                   Yards
                   ,
                   and
                   setting
                   of
                   the
                   Shrowds
                   loose
                   or
                   tort
                   as
                   the
                   Condition
                   of
                   Sailing
                   of
                   the
                   Vessel
                   requires
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   III.
                   
                
                 
                   1.
                   
                   THe
                   reason
                   of
                   Ships
                   going
                   against
                   the
                   Wind
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   what
                   proportion
                   she
                   maketh
                   way
                   between
                   her
                   being
                   
                     right
                     afore
                     the
                     wind
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   lying
                   within
                   five
                   
                     points
                     of
                     the
                     wind
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   The
                   whole
                   Doctrine
                   of
                   Steering
                   and
                   Rudders
                   .
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   The
                   whole
                   doctrine
                   of
                   Mooring
                   and
                   Anchors
                   .
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   Of
                   the
                   Lee-boards
                   ,
                   their
                   use
                   ,
                   dimension
                   and
                   place
                   .
                
                 
                   5.
                   
                   What
                   Sails
                   ,
                   
                     Masts
                     ,
                     Yards
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Rigging
                   is
                   fittest
                   for
                   every
                   size
                   and
                   sorts
                   of
                   Vessels
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Seas
                   and
                   service
                   whereunto
                   it
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   applyed
                   .
                
                 
                   6.
                   
                   Of
                   the
                   
                     Shape
                     ,
                     Cutting
                     ,
                     Sowing
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Setting
                     in
                     of
                     Sails
                  
                   into
                   the
                   Headropes
                   and
                   Boltropes
                   ;
                   of
                   the
                   several
                   substance
                   and
                   thickness
                   of
                   Sails
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   Effect
                   and
                   Welling
                   them
                   ,
                   Easing
                   of
                   Shrowds
                   ,
                   Looseness
                   of
                   Masts
                   ,
                   and
                   upper
                   Masts
                   .
                
                 
                   7.
                   
                   Of
                   the
                   Effects
                   of
                   true
                   Trim
                   ,
                   shutting
                   up
                   the
                   Ports
                   ,
                   general
                   Quietness
                   ,
                   firing
                   of
                   Stern-pieces
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   best
                   course
                   upon
                   a
                   Chase.
                   
                
                 
                   8.
                   
                   How
                   
                     Top-sails
                     ,
                     Stooping
                     ,
                     Weather
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Leeward
                     Helm
                  
                   ;
                   as
                   also
                   how
                   the
                   
                     Keel
                     ,
                     Gripe
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Mizen
                     Sail
                  
                   ,
                   may
                   be
                   
                   fitted
                   to
                   promote
                   or
                   hinder
                   the
                   Sailing
                   upon
                   occasion
                   .
                
                 
                   9.
                   
                   What
                   makes
                   a
                   Ship
                   Roll
                   and
                   laboursome
                   in
                   the
                   Sea
                   ;
                   what
                   makes
                   her
                   wear
                   and
                   stay
                   well
                   ;
                   and
                   what
                   makes
                   her
                   ride
                   hard
                   or
                   easie
                   at
                   an
                   Anchor
                   :
                   what
                   makes
                   her
                   pitch
                   and
                   scend
                   too
                   much
                   :
                   what
                   makes
                   her
                   
                     fall
                     easie
                  
                   or
                   hard
                   into
                   the
                   Sea
                   ;
                   what
                   makes
                   her
                   Leeward
                   or
                   
                     keep
                     a
                     good
                     Wind.
                  
                   
                
                 
                   10.
                   
                   Of
                   the
                   just
                   proportion
                   of
                   Sails
                   with
                   more
                   or
                   less
                   ,
                   that
                   which
                   will
                   make
                   the
                   Ship
                   go
                   worse
                   ;
                   of
                   Equations
                   between
                   the
                   spread
                   of
                   Sails
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   
                     Velocity
                     of
                     the
                     Wind
                  
                   :
                   Of
                   the
                   utmost
                   Velocity
                   of
                   a
                   Ship
                   with
                   Wind
                   and
                   Tide
                   :
                   Of
                   the
                   proportion
                   of
                   the
                   counter-resistance
                   of
                   winds
                   or
                   tides
                   ;
                   why
                   some
                   Ships
                   sail
                   better
                   with
                   much
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   with
                   less
                   proportionably
                   .
                
                 
                   11.
                   
                   How
                   to
                   compute
                   the
                   Impediment
                   which
                   Foulness
                   and
                   Weeds
                   do
                   make
                   in
                   a
                   Ships
                   way
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   what
                   proportion
                   
                     Smoothness
                     ,
                     Sope
                  
                   and
                   Tallow
                   doth
                   quicken
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   12.
                   
                   How
                   a
                   Ship
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   fitted
                   with
                   Decks
                   ,
                   to
                   beat
                   it
                   up
                   to
                   windward
                   in
                   foul
                   weather
                   ,
                   why
                   the
                   Fore-sail
                   must
                   be
                   less
                   than
                   the
                   Main-sail
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   IV.
                   
                
                 
                   WE
                   have
                   hitherto
                   supposed
                   the
                   Ship
                   to
                   be
                   exactly
                   shaped
                   inside
                   and
                   outside
                   of
                   one
                   simple
                   Logg
                   of
                   Wood
                   ,
                   which
                   being
                   impossible
                   to
                   do
                   otherwise
                   in
                   Speculation
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   necessary
                   to
                   come
                   at
                   length
                   to
                   the
                   practical
                   part
                   of
                   Ship-Carpentry
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   Art
                   of
                   imitating
                   the
                   moddel
                   afore-mentioned
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   composing
                   a
                   Ship
                   ,
                   not
                   out
                   of
                   one
                   but
                   several
                   thousand
                   pieces
                   of
                   Wood
                   and
                   Iron
                   :
                   Wherefore
                   this
                   Chapter
                   shall
                   comprehend
                   as
                   followeth
                   .
                
                 
                   1.
                   
                   
                     The
                     History
                     of
                     the
                  
                   Practice
                   
                     of
                     the
                     best
                  
                   Shipwrights
                   in
                   England
                   ,
                   Holland
                   ,
                   and
                   Portugal
                   ,
                   
                     in
                     their
                  
                   building
                   Ships
                   
                     as
                     aforesaid
                  
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   2.
                   
                   Supposing
                   that
                   a
                   Ship
                   commonly
                   reckoned
                   150
                   Tun
                   ,
                   be
                   a
                   
                     fit
                     size
                  
                   to
                   sail
                   in
                   round
                   the
                   World
                   :
                   And
                   that
                   the
                   just
                   strength
                   of
                   every
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   were
                   certainly
                   known
                   and
                   determined
                   ,
                   't
                   is
                   desired
                   to
                   know
                   of
                   what
                   size
                   and
                   scantling
                   
                     each
                     correspondent
                  
                   Timber
                   must
                   be
                   of
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   greater
                   or
                   lesser
                   Vessel
                   of
                   equal
                   strength
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   compute
                   the
                   difference
                   of
                   strength
                   between
                   greater
                   and
                   smaller
                   Vessels
                   of
                   the
                   common
                   Built
                   .
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   How
                   to
                   make
                   practical
                   Equations
                   between
                   the
                   strength
                   of
                   Timber
                   and
                   Irons
                   ,
                   and
                   between
                   Trenailes
                   and
                   Bolts
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   Out
                   of
                   what
                   Data
                   arises
                   the
                   knowledge
                   of
                   the
                   strength
                   of
                   
                     Knees
                     ,
                     Bolts
                  
                   and
                   Nails
                   .
                
                 
                   5.
                   
                   That
                   vast
                   Ships
                   of
                   1500
                   Tuns
                   ,
                   do
                   require
                   a
                   different
                   way
                   of
                   Carpentry
                   of
                   Masts
                   and
                   Yards
                   than
                   what
                   is
                   used
                   ,
                   and
                   particularly
                   in
                   no
                   Case
                   a
                   Mast
                   above
                   30
                   inches
                   through
                   and
                   above
                   ¾
                   the
                   present
                   length
                   ,
                   is
                   requisite
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   V.
                   
                
                 
                   1.
                   
                   WHat
                   Alterations
                   in
                   Shipping
                   ,
                   the
                   use
                   of
                   the
                   Compass
                   and
                   Guns
                   have
                   produced
                   ,
                   and
                   consequently
                   how
                   to
                   conjecture
                   what
                   was
                   the
                   Shipping
                   of
                   the
                   Ancients
                   in
                   these
                   Countreys
                   .
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   How
                   the
                   
                     difference
                     of
                     the
                     Materials
                  
                   for
                   Building
                   ,
                   the
                   difference
                   of
                   Trades
                   and
                   Commodities
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   differences
                   of
                   defensive
                   and
                   offensive
                   Warfare
                   ,
                   doth
                   occasion
                   differences
                   of
                   Shipping
                   in
                   the
                   several
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   present
                   World.
                   
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   The
                   History
                   of
                   the
                   Improvement
                   of
                   Shipping
                   ,
                   sailing
                   upon
                   a
                   Wind
                   ,
                   and
                   Advance
                   of
                   the
                   Shipping
                   Trade
                   for
                   the
                   last
                   Twenty
                   years
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   
                     Portugals
                     ,
                     Genoveses
                     ,
                     English
                     ,
                     Netherlands
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   the
                   inhabitants
                   of
                   Baltick
                   .
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   A
                   Description
                   of
                   several
                   Attempts
                   which
                   have
                   been
                   
                   made
                   the●e
                   last
                   twenty
                   years
                   for
                   the
                   improvement
                   of
                   Shipping
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   respective
                   success
                   and
                   Sailers
                   of
                   each
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 SECOND
                 PART
                 ,
                 Being
                 of
                 NAVAL
                 POLICY
                 .
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   I.
                   
                
                 
                   THat
                   the
                   King
                   of
                   England
                   ,
                   being
                   not
                   only
                   by
                   Right
                   and
                   Custom
                   Soveraign
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Narrow
                     Seas
                  
                   ,
                   but
                   having
                   also
                   the
                   best
                   Means
                   and
                   most
                   Concernment
                   to
                   be
                   more
                   considerable
                   at
                   Sea
                   ,
                   than
                   any
                   other
                   Prince
                   or
                   State
                   ;
                   it
                   is
                   therefore
                   his
                   Interest
                   to
                   know
                   and
                   discover
                   as
                   followeth
                   .
                
                 
                   1.
                   
                   How
                   many
                   
                     Tunn
                     of
                     Shipping
                  
                   there
                   be
                   in
                   the
                   whole
                   Comercial
                   World
                   ,
                   from
                   15
                   to
                   1500
                   Tunns
                   ,
                   as
                   are
                   able
                   to
                   cross
                   the
                   Seas
                   ,
                   and
                   how
                   many
                   Ships
                   there
                   be
                   of
                   each
                   Century
                   of
                   times
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   said
                   15
                   Centuries
                   .
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   How
                   many
                   Ordnance
                   belong
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   what
                   weight
                   .
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   How
                   many
                   Seamen
                   there
                   are
                   in
                   all
                   ,
                   and
                   particularly
                   of
                   such
                   as
                   have
                   served
                   three
                   years
                   at
                   Sea.
                   
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   To
                   have
                   Lists
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Ships
                   and
                   Seamen
                   belonging
                   to
                   any
                   Ports
                   or
                   places
                   within
                   his
                   own
                   Dominions
                   ;
                   and
                   a
                   ready
                   Method
                   to
                   know
                   where
                   they
                   are
                   at
                   all
                   times
                   ,
                   at
                   home
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   Sea.
                   
                
                 
                   5.
                   
                   What
                   Harbours
                   and
                   Ports
                   there
                   are
                   in
                   the
                   whole
                   
                     Commercial
                     World
                  
                   ;
                   unto
                   which
                   Shipping
                   does
                   belong
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   
                   Ships
                   they
                   are
                   able
                   to
                   receive
                   ,
                   what
                   are
                   the
                   special
                   advantages
                   and
                   Inconveniences
                   of
                   each
                   .
                
                 
                   6.
                   
                   What
                   is
                   the
                   Wages
                   and
                   Rate
                   of
                   Victuals
                   for
                   Seamen
                   in
                   each
                   state
                   .
                
                 
                   7.
                   
                   To
                   have
                   intelligence
                   of
                   all
                   
                     Privateers
                     ,
                     Pickeroons
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Pirates
                   which
                   are
                   abroad
                   at
                   all
                   times
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   a
                   forwardness
                   to
                   go
                   forth
                   .
                
                 
                   From
                   hence
                   only
                   his
                   Majesty
                   can
                   know
                   how
                   to
                   proportion
                   his
                   Navy
                   ,
                   (
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   )
                   his
                   Navy
                   cannot
                   or
                   need
                   not
                   consist
                   of
                   
                     more
                     Tunns
                  
                   of
                   Shipping
                   than
                   are
                   Seamen
                   of
                   his
                   Subjects
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     one
                     quarter
                  
                   more
                   ;
                   I
                   say
                   ,
                   greater
                   it
                   cannot
                   well
                   be
                   ,
                   and
                   it
                   need
                   not
                   be
                   much
                   bigger
                   than
                   of
                   
                     so
                     many
                  
                   Tunns
                   of
                   Shipping
                   ;
                   than
                   any
                   two
                   of
                   his
                   
                     Neighbour
                     States
                  
                   have
                   Man
                   to
                   Man
                   with
                   preservation
                   of
                   their
                   Trade
                   :
                   And
                   the
                   intelligence
                   last
                   mentioned
                   determins
                   the
                   number
                   and
                   sorts
                   of
                   Ships
                   which
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   always
                   in
                   readiness
                   .
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Kings
                     Navy
                  
                   must
                   be
                   of
                   Ships
                   above
                   600
                   Tunns
                   ,
                   but
                   need
                   not
                   have
                   half
                   so
                   many
                   lesser
                   as
                   will
                   suffice
                   in
                   time
                   of
                   Exigence
                   ,
                   for
                   such
                   may
                   be
                   hired
                   from
                   Merchants
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   II.
                   
                
                 
                   1.
                   
                   OF
                   the
                   Advantages
                   scituate
                   upon
                   the
                   Sea
                   and
                   
                     Navigable
                     water
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   Of
                   the
                   benefit
                   of
                   a
                   Shipping
                   Trade
                   in
                   General
                   .
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   Of
                   the
                   
                     Fishing
                     Trade
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   how
                   far
                   the
                   Subjects
                   of
                   the
                   King
                   of
                   England
                   are
                   able
                   to
                   mannage
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   have
                   hitherto
                   been
                   the
                   Impediments
                   thereof
                   .
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   Whether
                   it
                   were
                   for
                   the
                   benefit
                   of
                   the
                   Common-wealth
                   ,
                   that
                   Coals
                   were
                   found
                   near
                   London
                   :
                   And
                   that
                   good
                   Tobacco
                   and
                   Sugars
                   would
                   grow
                   in
                   England
                   ,
                   for
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   a
                   parcel
                   of
                   proper
                   fitting
                   ground
                   of
                   twelve
                   mile
                   square
                   ,
                   would
                   bear
                   as
                   much
                   of
                   these
                   Commodities
                   as
                   do
                   now
                   come
                   from
                   America
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   5.
                   
                   Of
                   what
                   benefit
                   to
                   the
                   World
                   is
                   the
                   Discovery
                   of
                   new
                   Countries
                   ,
                   new
                   Passages
                   ,
                   new
                   Mines
                   of
                   Gold
                   ,
                   of
                   Silver
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   Longitude
                   it self
                   .
                
                 
                   6.
                   
                   What
                   increase
                   of
                   Trade
                   doth
                   really
                   signifie
                   and
                   import
                   .
                
                 
                   7.
                   
                   The
                   effect
                   of
                   depending
                   upon
                   forraign
                   Countries
                   for
                   
                     Hemps
                     ,
                     Tarr
                     ,
                     Masts
                     ,
                     Rozin
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   Sail-Cloath
                   .
                
                 
                   8.
                   
                   Of
                   the
                   whole
                   Expence
                   of
                   a
                   Fleet
                   ,
                   how
                   much
                   of
                   that
                   from
                   forraign
                   Countries
                   ,
                   and
                   how
                   much
                   is
                   the
                   Domesticks
                   in
                   value
                   .
                
                 
                   9.
                   
                   The
                   same
                   English
                   men
                   who
                   now
                   work
                   upon
                   
                     exported
                     Commodities
                  
                   ,
                   as
                   
                     woollen
                     Manufactures
                     ,
                     Lead
                     ,
                     Tinn
                     ,
                  
                   &c.
                   did
                   go
                   to
                   Sea
                   in
                   Men
                   of
                   War.
                   Quer.
                   Whether
                   they
                   would
                   not
                   take
                   as
                   much
                   Commodities
                   by
                   way
                   of
                   Prize
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   now
                   receive
                   in
                   Exchange
                   for
                   their
                   said
                   Exportations
                   .
                
                 
                   10.
                   
                   Of
                   the
                   Decay
                   of
                   Timber
                   in
                   
                     England
                     ,
                     Scotland
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Ireland
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   Causes
                   and
                   Consequences
                   ,
                   and
                   Remedies
                   thereof
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   III.
                   
                
                 
                   1.
                   
                   WHether
                   Landmen
                   and
                   not
                   Seamen
                   bred
                   ,
                   be
                   fitter
                   to
                   Command
                   at
                   Sea.
                   
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   Of
                   all
                   the
                   Men
                   in
                   a
                   Fleet
                   of
                   War
                   ,
                   how
                   many
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   
                     perfect
                     Seamen
                  
                   ,
                   how
                   many
                   of
                   five
                   lower
                   degrees
                   ,
                   and
                   how
                   many
                   may
                   be
                   Landmen
                   .
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   How
                   ,
                   in
                   what
                   time
                   
                     Land
                     Soldiers
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Tradesmen
                   of
                   labour
                   may
                   be
                   made
                   Auxiliary
                   Seamen
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     how
                     many
                  
                   such
                   may
                   be
                   requisite
                   in
                   Cases
                   ordinary
                   and
                   extraordinary
                   ,
                   and
                   how
                   the
                   said
                   Men
                   may
                   be
                   encouraged
                   and
                   employed
                   at
                   Land
                   to
                   the
                   publick
                   benefit
                   .
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   Of
                   allowing
                   encouragement
                   to
                   
                     Impotent
                     Seamen
                  
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   how
                   to
                   assist
                   such
                   Seamen
                   as
                   are
                   low
                   of
                   employment
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
               
                 Of
                 NAVAL
                 OECONOMY
                 or
                 HUSBANDRY
                 .
                 The
                 Third
                 PART
                 .
              
               
                 HAving
                 determined
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Tuns
                 of
                 Shipping
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 
                   whole
                   Navy
                
                 is
                 to
                 consist
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   how
                   many
                
                 Ships
                 in
                 number
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 
                   how
                   many
                
                 of
                 each
                 size
                 and
                 rate
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 what
                 and
                 
                   how
                   ma●●
                   Harbou●
                
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 kept
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 ready
                 to
                 put
                 to
                 Sea
                 upon
                 any
                 Occasion
                 :
                 it
                 remains
                 to
                 set
                 forth
                 how
                 the
                 same
                 may
                 be
                 done
                 wtth
                 the
                 
                   least
                   Charge
                
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 
                   least
                   Expence
                
                 of
                 
                   forreign
                   Commodities
                
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 purpose
                 the
                 following
                 particulars
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 considered
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Forasmuch
                 as
                 a
                 Ship
                 doth
                 commonly
                 Reign
                 about
                 thirty
                 years
                 ,
                 it
                 follows
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 30
                 th
                 .
                 part
                 of
                 
                   Tunns
                   〈◊〉
                   Shipping
                
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 
                   whole
                   Navy
                
                 consists
                 ,
                 must
                 be
                 〈◊〉
                 built
                 every
                 year
                 ,
                 the
                 which
                 may
                 probably
                 cost
                 15
                 l.
                 〈◊〉
                 Ann.
                 with
                 
                   Gunners
                   ,
                   Boatswains
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Carpenters
                 stores
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 Charge
                 of
                 the
                 
                   English
                   Navy
                
                 in
                 ordinary
                 has
                 by
                 experience
                 amounted
                 to
                 20
                 
                   s.
                   per
                   Tunn
                
                 ,
                 per
                 Annum
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 For
                 charge
                 of
                 maintaining
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 Warr
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 compleatly
                 
                   fitted
                   ,
                   victualled
                
                 ,
                 and
                 manned
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 
                   expence
                   ,
                   wear
                
                 ,
                 and
                 tear
                 of
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 stores
                 ,
                 doth
                 amount
                 to
                 24
                 
                   l.
                   per
                   Ann.
                
                 
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 There
                 are
                 Estimates
                 by
                 which
                 Money
                 must
                 be
                 provided
                 for
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 good
                 husbandry
                 the
                 Charge
                 may
                 be
                 defrayed
                 at
                 a
                 more
                 easie
                 Rate
                 ;
                 wherefore
                 we
                 shall
                 in
                 the
                 next
                 place
                 describe
                 Historically
                 the
                 present
                 way
                 of
                 managing
                 his
                 Majesties
                 Navy
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 make
                 some
                 animadversions
                 upon
                 each
                 of
                 the
                 three
                 great
                 branches
                 of
                 that
                 Expence
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 
                   Wages
                   ,
                   Victuals
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Stores
                 ,
                 subdividing
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 again
                 into
                 several
                 other
                 branches
                 as
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 the
                 thing
                 and
                 Custom
                 requires
                 .
              
               
                 FINIS
                 .
              
               
            
          
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A44350-e3880
           
             *
             1
             Crook
             ▪
             184.
             
             James
             and
             Haywards
             Case
             .
             Coke
             
               5th
               .
               report
            
             .
          
           
             101.
             
             
             Penruddock's
             Case
             ;
             and
             9th
             .
             Report
             .
             53.
             
             Bettons
             Case
             ,
             cum-multis
             aliis
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A44350-e32660
           
             Octob.
             28.
             1682.
             
          
           
             This
             is
             a
             Mistake
             ,
             for
             she
             was
             neglected
             to
             be
             sheathed
             with
             〈◊〉
             ,
             thô
             Order'd
             .
          
           
             Navy
             Office
             20.
             
             Dec.
             1682.
             
          
           
             vide
             
               Answ.
               pag.
            
             12.
             
          
           
             Obs.
             This
             Sheathing
             had
             continued
             on
             eleven
             Years
             .
          
           
             v.
             Answ.
             pag.
             13.
             
          
           
             v.
             Answ.
             
               pag.
               14.
               
               Obs.
            
             This
             different
             decay
             cannot
             happen
             from
             the
             same
             Cause
             ,
             viz.
             the
             Lead
             .
             sheathing
             .
          
           
             v.
             Answ.
             pag.
             11.
             
          
           
             But
             it
             seems
             not
             so
             as
             that
             any
             Worm
             entred
             ,
             against
             which
             Sheathing
             is
             only
             intended
             .
          
           
             v.
             Ans.
             p.
             15
             
          
           
             v.
             Answ.
             pag.
             15.
             
          
           
             vid.
             Answ.
             pag.
             11.
             
          
           
             vid.
             Answ.
             Pag.
             30.
             
          
           
             vide
             Answ.
             pag.
             13.
             
          
           
             Stript
             1678.
             
          
           
             †
             All
             must
             be
             equally
             decayed
             ,
             if
             the
             Lead-sheathing
             were
             the
             Cause
             .
          
           
             v.
             Mr.
             
             Medbury's
             Letter
             .
             p.
             78.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A44350-e41910
           
             †
             60
             
               per
               Cent.
            
             was
             thought
             fit
             as
             encouragement
             enough
             to
             be
             mentioned
             ,
             though
             Mr.
             Pepys
             who
             also
             penned
             this
             Memorial
             with
             Sir
             
               Ant.
               Dean
            
             and
             Mr.
             Hewer
             ,
             found
             by
             their
             Calculations
             the
             King
             had
             and
             might
             save
             by
             the
             use
             of
             this
             Sheathing
             above
             150
             
               per
               Cent.
            
             besides
             the
             great
             benefit
             of
             securing
             the
             Hulls
             of
             his
             Ships
             against
             the
             Worm
             ,
             without
             hinderance
             to
             their
             sailing
             :
             Their
             Calculations
             the
             Publisher
             hath
             in
             Mr.
             
             Hewer's
             Hand-writing
             by
             him
             .
          
           
             Mr.
             Boyle
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A44350-e45100
           
             Mary
             .
          
           
             Ly●●
             
          
           
             Lyon.
             
          
           
             Henrietta
             .
          
           
             Mary
             .
          
           
             Phoenix
             .
          
           
             March
             10.
             1670
             
             /
             1.
             
          
           
             Dreadnought
             .
          
           
             Iune
             1671.
             
          
           
             Bristol
             .
          
           
             Apr.
             1674.
             
          
           
             Henrietta
             .
          
           
             Phoenix
             .
          
           
             Phoenix
             .
          
           
             The
             Rudder
             not
             being
             sheathed
             high
             enough
             ,
             no
             fault
             in
             the
             Rudder
             Irons
             nor
             Lead-sheathing
             .
          
           
             Kings-fisher
             ,
          
           
             Assistance
             .
          
           
             Mary
             .
          
           
             Plymouth
             .
          
           
             Dreadnought
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A44350-e46810
           
             R.
             Catherine
             .
          
           
             Fairfax
             .
          
           
             St.
             David
             .
          
           
             Happy
             Return
             .
          
           
             ●
             .
             Prince
             .
          
           
             St.
             George
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A44350-e47310
           
             Novem.
             30.
             1682.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A44350-e48440
           
             Since
             the
             R●building
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             the
             first
             Notice
             of
             Mill'd
             Lead
             ,
             the
             Plumbers
             to
             make
             their
             Coverings
             seem
             cheaper
             ,
             have
             generally
             cast
             much
             thinner
             than
             formerly
             ,
             which
             hath
             produced
             these
             ill
             Effects
             in
             so
             short
             a
             time
             ,
             tho
             in
             more
             ancient
             Coverings
             the
             same
             Inequalities
             and
             defects
             proportionably
             may
             be
             seen
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Mill'd-Lead-Shop
             is
             since
             removed
             to
             the
             Mill'd-Lead-sign
             in
             Orange-street
             by
             Red-Lyon-Square
             ,
             near
             Holborn
             ,
             where
             Mr.
             Hale
             himself
             also
             now
             lives
             .
          
           
             *
             No
             such
             House
             to
             be
             found
             .