A prospect of the most famous parts of the vvorld Viz. Asia, 3 Affrica, 5 Europe, 7 America. 9 With these kingdomes therein contained. Grecia, 11 Roman Empire, 13 Germanie, 15 Bohemia, 17 France, 19 Belgia, 21 Spaine, 23 Italie, 25 Hungarie, 27 Denmarke, 29 Poland, 31 Persia, 33 Turkish Empire, 35 Kingdome of China, 37 Tartaria, 39 Sommer Ilands, 41 Civill Warres, in England, Wales, and Ireland. You shall find placed in the beginning of the second booke marked with these [3 asterisks in triangle formation] and (5) together with all the provinces, counties, and shires, contained in that large theator of Great Brittaines empire. / Performed by John Speed. Speed, John, 1552?-1629. 1646 Approx. 2562 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 201 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2003-03 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A61053 Wing S4882A ESTC R218797 99830357 99830357 34808 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A61053) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 34808) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 2021:12) A prospect of the most famous parts of the vvorld Viz. Asia, 3 Affrica, 5 Europe, 7 America. 9 With these kingdomes therein contained. Grecia, 11 Roman Empire, 13 Germanie, 15 Bohemia, 17 France, 19 Belgia, 21 Spaine, 23 Italie, 25 Hungarie, 27 Denmarke, 29 Poland, 31 Persia, 33 Turkish Empire, 35 Kingdome of China, 37 Tartaria, 39 Sommer Ilands, 41 Civill Warres, in England, Wales, and Ireland. You shall find placed in the beginning of the second booke marked with these [3 asterisks in triangle formation] and (5) together with all the provinces, counties, and shires, contained in that large theator of Great Brittaines empire. / Performed by John Speed. Speed, John, 1552?-1629. Goos, Abraham, Gryp, Dirck, Speed, John, 1552?-1629. Theatre of the empire of Great Britaine. [2], 44, [16], 5-8, 146, [10] leaves : maps, port. (metalcuts) printed by John Legatt, for William Humble. and are to be sold at his shop in Popes-head Pallace, London : 1646. Text is continuous despite foliation. Port. = frontis. Consists primarily of folded maps, with letterpress and foliation on the the outer pages. The maps are engraved mainly by Abraham Goos and Dirck Gryp. Issued with: The theatre of the empire of Great Britaine. Reproduction of the original at the Harvard University Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. EEBO-TCP is a partnership between the Universities of Michigan and Oxford and the publisher ProQuest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by ProQuest via their Early English Books Online (EEBO) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). The general aim of EEBO-TCP is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic English-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in EEBO. 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Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor. The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines. Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Geography -- Early works to 1800. Atlases, English -- Early works to 1800. 2002-11 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2002-12 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2003-01 Mona Logarbo Sampled and proofread 2003-01 Mona Logarbo Text and markup reviewed and edited 2003-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion A PROSPECT OF THE MOST FAMOUS Parts of the World. VIZ. ASIA , 3 AFFRICA , 5 EVROPE , 7 AMERICA . 9 WITH These Kingdomes therein contained . Grecia , 11 Roman Empire , 13 Germanie , 15 Bohemia , 17 France , 19 Belgia , 21 Spaine , 23 Italie , 25 Hungarie , 27 Denmarke , 29 Poland , 31 Persia , 33 Turkish Empire , 35 Kingdome of China , 37 Tartaria , 39 Sommer Ilands , 41 Civill Warres , in England , Wales , and Ireland . You shall find placed in the beginning of the second Book marked with these * * * and ( 5 ) TOGETHER VVith all the Provinces , Counties , and Shires , contained in that large THEATOR of Great BRITTAINES Empire . Performed BY JOHN SPEED . LONDON , Printed by Iohn Legatt , for William Humble . and are to be sold at his Shop in Popes-head Pallace . 1646. ¶ The generall Description of the World. HEaven was too long a reach for man to recover at one steppe . And therefore God first placed him upon the earth , that he might for a time contemplate upon his inferiour workes , magnifie in them his Creator : and receive here a hope of a fuller blisse , which by degrees he should at last enjoy in his place of rest . For this end was the lower world created in the beginning out of a rude masse , which before had no forme . And that it might be made habitable , the Lord separated the dry land from the waters upon the third day . Yet so as still they make but one Globe , whose Center is the same with the middle world ; and is the point and rest as it were of all heavie bodies , which naturally apply themselves to it : and there are supported by their owne weight and equall poyze . ( 2 ) It hath seemed incredible ( to such as measure the wonders of God by mans wisdome ) that this massie part of the world should subsist by it selfe , not borne up by any outward prop , incompast onely with subtile and fleeting ayre , such as can neither helpe to sustaine nor resist the fall , could the earth be moved from her due place . But the wonder will cease if we remember , that the Lord sitteth upon the circle of the earth , Isa. 40. He set it upon her foundations so that it shall never move . He covered it with the deepe as with a Garment . The waters would stand above the mountains , but at his rebuke they fled . Yet he set them a bound which they should not passe , Psal. 104. ( 3 ) Thus ordered by divine providence the Earth and Sea compose themselves into a Sphericall figure , as is here described . And is caused by the proper inclination of each part , which being heavie , fals from every point of the circumference , and claps about the center : there settles as neer as it may towards his place of rest . We may illustrate both the figure and situation by a familiar similitude , to an ingenious apprehension . Suppose we a knot to be knit in the midst of a cord that hath many ends : and those to be delivered to sundry men of equall strength , to be drawne severall waies round from every part , above and below , and on each side ; questionlesse whilest every man drawes in the boes of the knots , it must needs become round : and whilst they continue to pluck with equall strength , it must rest immoveable in the middle betwixt them : since every strength , that would destroy , hath a strength equall to resist it . So it is in the bosome of the earth , where every part meets upon equall priviledges of nature : nor can any passe farther then the center , to destroy this compacted figure : for it must meet there with a body that will oppose it . Or if not , yet could it not passe since every motion from the middle were to ascend , which Nature will not permit in a body of weight as the earth is . ( 4 ) Now though in a Sphere every crosse line which way soever drawne , if it runne through the middle , must needs be of equall quantity , and therefore admits no difference of length or b●edth : yet the Geographers for their purpose have conceived ( and but conceived ) a Longitude and Latitude upon the earth . The Longitude they reckon from the first Meridian in the Azores , and so Eastward round number the degrees upon the Aequator : The Latitude from the Aequator to each Pole , and number the degrees upon the outward Meridionall circle . This inkling may suffice to instruct the ignorant in the search of any place that shall be hereafter mentioned in my Discourse . ( 5 ) The compasse of the whole is cast by our latest and most learned , to be 216000. English miles ; which though none ever yet so paced , as to measure them by the foote : yet let not the ignorant reject this account , since the rule by which they are led cannot faile . For we see by continuall experience , that the Sunne for every degree in the Heavens gaines sixtie miles upon earth towards his circuit round : and after 360. degrees returneth to the same point in respect of us , as before it was . Repeat the number of sixtie so oft , and you will finde the account just . And so by proportion of the Circumference to the Diameter ( which is triplu sesqui septima the same which 22. hath to 7. ) we may judge like wise of the earths thicknesse to the Center . The whole Diameter must ( by rule ) be somewhat lesser then a third part of the circle : that in proportion to 216000. will be 6872. halfe the number will reach the middle of the world , and that is 3436. In this report both of the quantitie and forme of the earth , we must not require such exactnesse as cannot vary a hairs bredth : for we see that the mountains of the earth , and often times the waves of the Sea make the superficies unequall . It will be sufficient , if there be no difference sensible to be reckoned in so great a balke . For let us rudely hew a ball out of a rough stone ; still it is a ball though not so smooth as one of Crystall . Or suffer a mote to fall upon a Sphaere of glasse it changeth not its figure : farre lesse are the mountaines which we see in respect of the whole lumpe . For other rules or termes Geographicall I referre thee to a peculiar tract , that will afford me more roome and time . ( 6 ) When the earth and sea were thus prepared with a due figure , a just quantitie and convenient seate both in respect of the heavens and themselves : Nature began ( at command of the most High ) to use her art , and to make it a fit dwelling place for the image of God , for so was man created : and so indeed was the earth no other then the picture of heaven . The ground brought forth her plants and fruits : the skies were filled with the fowle of the ayre : the waters yeelded their fish , and the field their cattle . No sooner his house was thus furnisht , but man enters upon his possessions the sixth day . And that shall be our tract to find out the worlds first Inhabitants ; where it was peopled in the beginning : and how it was over-spread with Countries and Nations , as now it is . ( 7 ) In the first age , there was little need of skill to measure the whole earth . A garden plot might suffice , and so ( for a time ) it did . It was planted in Eden . But where that was I may not peremptorily determine , nor indeed dare I be so curious in the search . The hidden things belong to the Lord , the revealed to us , Deut. 29. God himselfe in the beginning set a Cherubin , and the blade of a sword shaken to keepe the re-entry from our first Parents : and we may affirme , hath concealed it ever since . Yet to satisfie ( in some measure ) such as are more inquisitive , I will touch at the severall conjectures , which have passed upon the place of this earthy Paradise , Rog. Higden Monk of Chester , and with him Ioh. Trevisa set it in the field of Damascus : and many other probably ( enough ) have thought it was in the land of Canaan . For that in divers places , it is noted with attributes proper to the garden of Eden . She was seated in the midst of Nations . Ezek. 5. It was a Land of Wheat , Barley , and Vines , Figtrees , and Pomegranates , a Land of Olives and Hony , a land whose stones were iron , and out of whose hils might be digged brasse , Deut. 8. She was pleasant above all Lands , Ezek. 20. Yet Franciscus Iunius , D. Willet , Sr. Walt. Raleigh and others , make it a part of Mesopotamia , North-west from Babylon , about the degree of 78. in Longitude , & of Latitude 35. where stil the Rivers meet mentioned in Genesis . And where Ptolemy hath the Audanites , a corrupt name ( as is supposed ) from Eden . Certainly it was about the middle of the earth , and abounded by a peculiar blessing of God , with all kinds serviceable for the use of man. ( 8 ) But Adam soone lost his possession by his disobedience , and was cast out on the East side of the Garden where he placed himselfe . Moses makes no more particular Relation . Cain is specified to have gone out of the presence of the Lord into the Land of Nod , and there built him a Citie , and named it after his sonnes name Henoch : this was the first Citie and was seated ( some thinke ) about Mount Libanus . As the place , so the time when it was founded is uncertaine : but the common conjecture gives it to be about two or three hundred years after the Creation , when the world was replenished ; as well it might be within that compasse , if we compare it to our knowne Stories . Abraham in 215. years had 600. thousand of his owne stocke , in the blessed line , besides women and children . And in this number we omit his other seed , of whom came twelve Princes . Questionlesse after this proportion the people multiplied in the beginning , and so for 1656. yeares forward , and that must needs fill a large portion of the earth , most likely those parts of Asia that lye neerest to their first seat . For they wandred no farther then necessitie of roome compelled them . ( 9 ) But now as man , so the sinne of man was growne to a height . For this the wrath of God fell upon them in a Flood , that destroyed the whole earth saving eight persons , Noah and his family , who were commanded into an Arke built by Gods owne direction , and is held to have been the pattern for all Ships to all posteritie . ( 10 ) When the anger of the Lord was ceased , and the waters abated , after 150. dayes float the Arke rested upon the Mountaines of Ararat in Armenia . They are supposed by most to be the same which Ptolemy calleth Montes Cordios , about the degree 75. Longitude , and in Latitude 39 Master Cartwright a Tayailor of our owne Nation reports himselfe an eye-witnesse of many ancient and ruinous foundations there , which the Inhabitants have beleeved through all ages to be the work of those first people , that for a long time durst not adventure into the lower Countries for feare of another Flood . map of the World A NEW AND ACCV●●●● MAP OF THE WORLD Drawne according to the truest Descriptions latest Discoueries & best Obseruations that haue beene made by English or Strangers . 1626. ( 12 ) There when their number increased , and they forced still to seeke new Colonies , they were ambitious to leave a name behind them for posteritie : and therefore adventured upon a building whose top should reach heaven : and so indeed it did ; for it fetcht from thence Gods second vengeance . He confounded their speech , that they no longer understood one the other . Thus they were broke off from their impious attempt , and scattered upon all the earth ( about an hundred years after the Flood ) into seventy two severall Nations , as some have punctually numbred them . ( 13 ) Whether Noah himselfe were present , or to what place he removed , it is uncertaine . He had yet two hundred and fiftie yeares to live , and thought to have had his habitation in Phaenicia North-ward from Palestine about the degree of 66. and 33. ( 14 ) His sonnes , Sem , Ham , and Iapheth possest their severall Provinces of the world . From Iapheth came the Isles of the Gentiles , of which we are a part , to him Europe is by most allotted . Sem not guiltie questionlesse of that proud enterprise , rested himselfe in the land of Canaan , which he knew as it was revealed to Abraham , should be given to his posteritie . Yet part of his issue , ( the sonnes of Iocktan ) were divided and lived remote toward the East . To him was Asia . But Cham by his fathers curse , for discovering his nakednesse , roaved to the utmost parts of the earth , and peopled with his progeny especially those Countries which are most toucht in Histories for Barbarisme and Idolatrie . As indeed how could it otherwise be ? since himselfe had lost his father that should instruct him : and therefore could deliver no precepts to his children , but left every one to his owne inventions . And those that at the confusion spred where ever they came this diversitie of Customes and Religions , that possesse the world at this day . To him was Africa . ( 15 ) America too doubtlesse had her portion in the division , though not so soone or so immediate , but seemed rather of later times to have received her people from the bordering parts of Asia : and those are thought by most to have beene first inhabited by Iocktan and his thirteene sonnes the issue of Sem. It is said in the text they possessed the East part from Mesha to Sephar , Iosephus takes the first for a Countrey , and the second for a Mountaine in India : in so much as that he strictly bounds out their possession from the River Cephew to Ieria , which is now called the East or Portugall Indies . Indeed many of those Easterne Regions are noted to beare the name as yet of Iocktans sonnes . The Shabeans sound as if they had Sheba to their father . And from Havilah is a Countrey in Ieria . From Saphira , Iosephus derives Ophir , both of especiall fame for their plentie of Gold. But it is Doctor Willets opinion that Ophir was rather the same Region in the West Indies which is now called Peru. To say truth , we have little certaine of the first Inhabitants which were seated in America , or the parts of Asia neere about her : whether they were so long since knowne I must doubt . For the bestowing of Iocktan and his sonnes , it was toward the East from Mesha to Sephar : but where those are Saint Ierome confesseth himselfe at a stand . And for my part I will travell no farther in these hidden mysteries , then I find a path beaten before me . ( 16 ) This may satisfie the ingenuous , that I have ( as farre as I might in this little roome ) tract the first Nations from their first Founders which they had in the beginning . But to draw the direct line of every people mixt as now they are , I thinke a worke impossible . To me I am sure it is . For besides our severall translation , and promiscuous commerce , that puzzle us in the knowledge of our selves : we have of late found , and as yet are in search of a new people , that know not their owne originall ; nor have we any meanes to examine it , but conjecturall , such as may faile . To Moses time the Scripture affordeth us a certain truth for as many as he mentioneth . And since we have some light from such as have laboured in the search of Antiquities . The families ( as Iosephus gives time ) are truly and curiously brancht forth and placed among the Genealogies before our Bible of the last translation . ( 17 ) Thus farre it was requisite we should know at large the growth of the world from the beginning ; and how the whole earth which at first knew but one Land-Lord , hath beene since rent into severall parcels , which Kings and Nations call their owne , and maintain their claime by force of Armes . This little compasse will not admit a more particular Relation of their affaires . For that I must referre my Reader to their Historians , and now descend to the Geographicall description and division of the world , as in after ages it was found by our first Artists , and hath beene since more at large discovered by the experience of our later travell●urs . ( 18 ) And in this we may full observe our 〈◊〉 . For questionlesse by the same degrees almost as it was inhabited , so it grew into the knowledge of our ancient Geographers . And therefore our first Authours in this Science bounded their descriptions within a lesse compasse , and divided the world into those three parts onely , which you see lye closest about the point of the earth , where the first men , first Religion , first Citie , first Empire , and first Arts were . For in Ptolemyes time ( about an hundred and fortie years after Christ ) we heare not of either Land or Sea knowne more then was contained in Asia , Africa , and Europe . ( 19 ) And of that he never knew the East and North parts of Asia ; nor the South of Africa , no nor the most Northerly parts of Europe : but placed the end of the world that way in ultima Thule , about sixtie three degrees from the Aequator . And Southward the other way not above 17. degrees , in Prosso perm●torio , which at this day is called Mosambique Kicks . So the whole Latitude of the world , then knowne , did not reach the fourth part of the Compasse . In the Longitude indeed they came not so farre short ; yet left they just halfe to the search of their posteritie . For they placed their first Meridian in the Fortunate Islands , and ended their reckoning in Region Sinarum of the Easterne Indies , and that is distant but 180. degrees toward the 260. which is the compasse of the whole . ( 20 ) But God in these latter times hath inlarged our possessions , that his Gospel might be propagated , and hath discovered to us Inhabitants almost in every corner of the earth . Our latter Geographers have set their marke beyond Ptolemies 60. degrees Eastward . And West-ward to the utmost parts of America . So that there are already knowne 340. of the earths Longitude . Toward the North Pole we have gained more in proportion , as farre as Nova z●mbla , and the sea is knowne to be navigable to the eight first degrees . Whether the rest be Land or not , it never yet appeared to any ( as I heare of ) but an Oxford Frier by a magique voyage . He reports of a black rock just under the Pole , and an Isle of Pygmies : other strange miracles , to which ( for my part ) I shall give little credit till I have better proofe for it then the Devils word . Now of all the Southerne course is most unknowne ; and yet Art hath not beene idle , nor altogether lost it selfe in the search : it hath discovered Countries about the 52. degree toward the Pole , but so uncertainly , that it may well yet keep her name of Terra incong●ita . ( 21 ) Admirable was the wit of that man that first found out the vertue of the Loadstone , and taught thus to apply it in the Art of Navigation . And indeed the industry of them is much to be honoured , that have since ventured both their meanes and persons upon dangerous attempts , in the discoveries of people and Nations that knew not God , nor had apparant meanes for their redemption without his helpe . Among these ( though the Genoa , Spaniard , and Portugall , carry the first name ) we have noble sp●rits of our owne Nation , not to be ranked in the last place . Stupenda fuit revera industria Anglorum , saith Keckerman . And indeed we may justly enough requite him with his owne Elogie . The Dutch too have done their parts to joyne a new world to the old . ( 22 ) To us it may be well called a new World : for it comprehends in it two Continents , either of them larger then two parts of the other are . The one is that Westerne Hemisphere that beares the name America from Americus Vesputius : but was indeed discovered ( seven yeares before he knew it ) by Christopherus Columbus in the yeare 1492. And the other is the Terra Magellanica , seated above the South Pole , and first found by Ferdinand Magellanus some twenty yeares after or thereabout : and is thought to be greater then the whole earth besides . Hitherto it is but conjecturall , and some few Provinces have been rather described then knowne . You shall find them named in their severall Regions upon the Sea-coasts . Nova Guinea , Terra del Feugo , Psittacorum regio , Lucach , Beach , and Maletur . ( 23 ) With these additions the world by some is divided into sixe parts , Europe , Asia , Africa , America , Septentrionalis , Incognita , and Terra Australis Magellanica : which are thus disposed in the Globe of the earth . Asia in the Easterne Hemisphaere . And being the first part which was inhabited , shall be the point unto which I will direct the rest : part on the West and part on the South is Africa scituated : on the North and West Europe : more toward the West America utraque : full North Septentrionalis incognita : and full South the Terra Magellanica . ( 24 ) Those we will reduce ( in our method ) to the foure common parts which generally passe in our descriptions of the world : Europe , Asia , Africa , America utraque : in this last include the Terra Septentrionalis , and Magellanica ( as others have before done ) and allow it not a severall part by it selfe , in regard that little can be reported of those Countries , but what may be dispatcht in a few words . The Inhabitants are not many in either , and those barbarous , in the Terra Magellanica they goe naked . In the land Del Feugo there is much smoake . In Psitta●●rum Region there are great ●●●rats . In Beach gold . In Mal●●● spices . ( 25 ) Of the rest severally I shall not need here to inlarge my Discourse , since the particular Map of every Region may justly challenge it as their proper right : and will be I hope very shortly extant for my Reader to peruse . ¶ The Description of ASIA . THE method propounded in our generall description of the World , gives Asia the prerogative , as well for worth as time . Europ● shall not want her due , in her due place . It will suffice her , if she be at this day most famous , for the acts of men , and so it is allowed by most . But in Asia did God himselfe speak his miraculous work of the Creation . There was the Church first collected : there was the Saviour of the world born , Crucified and raised again : indeed the greatest part of Divine History was there written and acted . And if we should as well compare her to the rest , in that earthly glory of Kingdoms , Empires , and Nations , which sounds fairest to mans sense , she would still keep her ranke . For was not the first Monarchs and Monarchies of the world in Assyria , Persia , Babylonia , Media ? Did not the first people of the world receive their being in Mesopotamia ? And had not the severall tongues of the world their originall in Babylonia ? These are parts of Asia , and were in the first ages blest with Gods owne holy presence : Exod. 3. and the footing of Angels : Exod. 14. however now it is left ( for her Infidelity ) to the punishment of a Propheticall curse that long before past upon her : and is delivered up into the hands of Turks and Nations that blaspheme their Creator ; and therefore doth not flourish in that height as heretofore . Consider that Gods hand is now upon her , and the rest will follow without much wonder . ( 2 ) In respect of both Europe & Africa , it is situated East-ward . But if we compare it to the Aequator it lieth almost wholly in the Northerne Hemisphaere : I need except none of the maine Continent , onely a few Ilands , which are as it were retainers to Asia , and lie partly Southward beyond the line . It is divided on the West from Europe by the River Tanais , Pontus Euxinus , and part of the Mediterraneum Sea. From Africa by that Pathmos which divides the Red Sea from the Mediterraneum , and is about 72. miles long . On the other three sides , it is begirt with the vast Ocean , which in the East is called Pontus River , on the North , Marc Scythicum the Tartarian Sea , and in the South the Indian Sea. Through the middle runs the Mount Taurus at full length , with the whole Continent of Asia , and divides it toward the North and South into Asiam Exteriorem and Interiorem , with so many windings that the length is reckoned by Gnadus to be 580●0 stadia , by Maginus 45000. stadia , and that is 5625. Italian miles , those of our own Nation account it 6250. English miles . The bredt● ( as Strabo reports it ) is in most places 3000. stadia , as our own Geographers 375. miles . From the North-shore commeth the Mountaine Imaus , directly South almost , and divideth it toward the East and West into Scythia intra Imaum , and Scythia extra Imaum . By these bounds the length is set to be 5200. and the bredth 4560. miles . ( 3 ) Now adde together , that this Region was at first the Paradise of the world , and indeed still enjoyeth a fertile soyle and temperate ayre , and that it exceeds in compasse the two other parts of the old world , to which she was the Mistresse for Arts and Sciences ; yet it is not at this day so well peopled in proportion , as this little Europe , which came after many hundred yeares . For this we need search no farther cause then Gods just anger : yet hath he not exercised upon her , on●ly by miraculous and immediate punishment from heaven : but hath suffered ( as it were ) her own creatures , over which at first man had the rule , to turn head upon their Lords , and possesse their habitation . For it is so ever-run with wild beasts and cruell Serpents , that in many places they live not without much danger . ( 4 ) In this though the Nation suffer for their monstrous irreligion : yet the earth which did not offend reserves her place , and abounds with many excellent Commodities , not else-where to be had , Myrrhe , Frankincense , Cinnamon , Cloves , Nutmegs , Mace , Pepper , Muske , Iewels of great esteeme , and Minerals of all sorts : it breeds Elephants , Camels , and many other beasts , Serpents , Fowles wilde and tame , and some have added such monstrous shapes of men , as passe all beliefe . ( 5 ) And thus from the generall view of Asia , we will glance upon her severall Regions , Kingdomes , and Provinces , as it hath beene heretofore divided . In this we finde difference of Authours , that follow their severall placita , all perhaps true enough in their owne sense : though not alike if they be compared . These we will not so much as name , but insist upon one that may best fit my short Description . Her parts are Asia the lesse , and Asia the greater , and the Ilands neer about . ( 6 ) Aes●a the lesse i● th●● th 〈…〉 Europ●● and began East-ward from thence , it was called by the Geographers there residing by a speciall name Anatolia ( corruptly Natolia ) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . On the West therefore and toward the North is Greece : full West is the Archipelagius : on the East is the River Euphrates : on the North the Pontus Euxinus , and on the South the Mediterraneum . It is included betwixt the Meridians of the 51. degree of Longitude and the 72. so Maginus : and in Latitude it is seated almost betwixt the same parallels with Italy . ( 7 ) A Countrey it was once of singular fertilitie , exceeding rich in fruits & pasture auratisquo omnibus : and indeed all things else that either mans necessitie , commoditie , or pleasure could require . It was mother to many of our learned Ancients . The Dorica , Ionica , and Aeolica Dialects of the Greeke Tongue had here their originals . It was the seat of the Troiane Kingdome , and many other Nations famous in Histories , as well Christians as Ethnicks , though now there remaines no face of so excellent a Region . Cyrus first began the spoyle : then the Macedonians and Alexanders Captaines : after them the Romanes : and last of all the Turks miserably rent in pieces , and have left the ruines to shew of foure thousand Townes and Cities . The residue have lost both their names and memorie of their Predecessors . And the people are fallen from the knowledge , industrie , and religion of their Fore-fathers . For before Christ , when they were at worst that Histories report of them , they were for the morst part learned , and laborious in ordering of their soyle to the best advantage . Afterward they became good Christians : for with them were the seven Churches which Saint Iohn mentioneth in the Apocalyps . Now scarce is it inhabited but toward the Sea-side : and that by a base and abject people , such as are both lazy in their life , and odious Idolaters in their Religions . For the most part Mahumetans . ( 8 ) Let my first division of this Asia the lesse , be into two Regions , of these one hath the particular appellation of Asia propria , and containes the severall Regions of ( 1 ) Caria , ( 2 ) Ionia , ( 3 ) Doris , ( 4 ) Aeolis Phrygia , ( 5 ) Lydia , ( 6 ) Minor , ( 7 ) and Maior . The other hath no one name as I find among Geographers , but is knowne by her Provinces of ( 1 ) Cilicia , ( 2 ) Pamphilia , ( 3 ) Lycia , ( 4 ) Bythinia , ( 5 ) Pontus , ( 6 ) Paphlagonia , ( 7 ) Galatia , ( 8 ) Cappadocia , ( 9 ) Lycaonia , ( 10 ) Pisidia , and ( 11 ) Armenia minor . ( 9 ) Asia propria was the scene of many noble actions much celebrated among our Historians . First in Caria stood the Citie Mindum , upon which Diogenes brake his jest , that the Citizens should take heed lest it run out at her gates . And Halicarnassus the birth-place of Dionysius and Herodotus : and of this was Artemisia Queene that erected the miraculous Monument in honour of her husband Mausolus . The second Province is Ionia , and here stood Miletum where Paul made his Oration to the Elders of Ephesus : and here Ephesus it selfe the starre of Asia , that as well for her Religion as her miraculous Temple set the world at a gaze upon her . It was raised in the middle of the Citie , modelled out by Ctesiphon , but was 2●0 . yeares in building : and was ordered in such a ground that no earth-quake should move it : it was 425. foot long , and 220. broad , and had an hundred twenty seven pillars , given by so many severall Kings ( saith Vadianus ) whereof twenty seven were most curiously graven , all the rest of Marble polished . In this Citie Saint Iohn the Evangelist is said to have gone downe into his grave alive : there be who yet question his death : and Irenaeus reports that he lived in Traians time . This with the third and fourth Provinces of Doris and Aeolis were onely accounted Greeks : the other Nations of Asia were called Barbarians . ( 5 ) Lydia was the fifth named in our Division , and in her are many Cities , which we have mentioned in Scripture , and are common among other Writers . Of these the chiefe are Laodicea , Thyatira , Philadelphia , Sardis , where Croesus kept his Court , and Pergamus the seat of Attalus , that made the Romanes his heire , and where Galen the great Physician was borne , and lived 140. years . ( 6 ) The first was Phrygia minor ; it is called Troas by the Inhabitants and those are now Greeks , Turks , & Arabians ; heretofore they were the ancient Troians , that gave Homer his subject for his admired Poeme . Here is that Adramittium named in the Acts : and Traianopolis : and the Mount Tmolus , that sends down a River into Lydia with abundance of gold and silver . And lastly , the Mount Ada , famous for the judgement of Paris past upon the 3 goddesses . ( 7 ) The last was Phrygia maior : and on this was Gordion , the very town where Gordius hampered his plow-tacklings in such a knot that none might unty , but he that should possesse the Monarchie of the world : and indeed it proved true enough in Alexander the great . Another was Midaium where Midas sonne to this Gordius turned all to gold with a touch . A third Colosse , the place of the Colossians to whom Saint Paul directs an Epistle . And all these were contained within the compasse of 〈…〉 which 〈◊〉 the name of Asia propri● . map of Asia ASIA with the Islands adioyning described , the atire of the people , & Townes of importance , all of them newly augmented by I. S. Ano. Dom : 1626 ( 11 ) Hitherto our Tract hath beene of Asia the lesse , or Anatolia . It resteth that we proceed to Asia Maior , which lyeth remote from Europe toward the East . And of this we can make no large description in so small a scantling : we will onely marke out the Provinces , and referre my Reader to more particular Relation in our severall Maps that contain the Turkish Empire , Tartaria , Persia and China , all Kingdomes of Asia the great . The parts , as for the present we will divide it , are th●se , ( 1 ) Syria , ( 2 ) Palestina , ( 3 ) Armenia Maior , ( 4 ) Arabia triplex , ( 5 ) Media , ( 6 ) Assyria , ( 7 ) Mesopotamia , ( 8 ) Persia , ( 9 ) Chaldea , ( 10 ) Parthia , ( 11 ) Hircania , ( 12 ) Tartaria , ( 13 ) China , ( 14 ) India . ( 12 ) Syria is the first , and hath in it the Provinces of Phaenicia , Caelosyria , and Syrophaenicia . In Phaenicia was Tyre & Sidon , Sarepta , and Ptolomais , where two Kings of England have laid their siege , Richard and Edward the first . In Caelosyria stands Hieropolis and Damascus , Aleppo , Tripolis , &c. ( 2 ) The second Palestina , which Ptolemy reckons into Syria . It is in length 200. miles : in bredth not above 50. It contained the Provinces of Samaria , Idumaea , Judaea , where Ierusalem was , & not far thence Bethlehem . Galilaea both the higher called Galilaea Gentium , and lower : and in this was Nazareth & Mount Tabor , where Christ was transfigured . ( 3 ) The third is Armenia Maior , or Turkomania . In this was Colchus , whēce Iason fetcht his golden fleece : Now it is inhabited by Turks . ( 4 ) Arabia is the fourth : and that had three parts . Arabia desorta , where the children of Israel were fed with Manna forty years . Arabia petrosa , where Mount Sinai was , and the Law given . The last , Arabia faelix , counted the fruitfullest Countrey in the world . In this Arabia is the Citie Medina where Mahumet is intombed in an iron Chest , supported onely by a roofe of Adamant , without other art to keepe it from falling to the ground . ( 5 ) The fifth Media , it was once a large Empire , and one of the first . The fruits of the Countrey are said to be alwaies green . ( 6 ) The sixth Assyria , a very pleasant and temperate Countrey : and here was the Citie Ninivie , whither Ionas was sent . ( 7 ) The seventh Mesopotamia ; in whose lower part , Chaldaea stood , as our latest Writers affirme , and Babylonia . ( 8 ) The eighth Persia , a mighty Empire governed by a Sophy . The people are Mahumetanes , yet differ somewhat from the Turkes . Their language passeth currant through the whole Easterne world . The Metropolitane is Persepolis . ( 9 ) The ninth Chaldaea , often mentioned in the Scripture ; & here was the fifth Sibyl called Erythraea , that prophesied of Christ. ( 10 ) The tenth Parthia , a Province of note for its continuall hostilitie with Rome , and excellent Archery : for the Inhabitants used their Bow with as much dexterity in their retreat as in the battaile : and by that means oft times won advantage upon the enemie by their flight . ( 11 ) Hircania the eleventh , an illustrious Countrey , and hath many Cities of note , abounds with wine and hony . ( 12 ) Tartaria called heretofore Scythia , the Inhabitants Scythians , and before that Magozi●● , from Magog the son of Iapheth , that first inhabited these parts . It was once possessed by the Amazons , a Nation of women , after their dissolution came the Scythians , among whom Tomyris is innobled by Iustine for her victory over Cyrus . Vpon them came the Goths , and those were driven out by the Tartars , which began their Empire 1187. so Maginus . It is a large Countrey , and the people stout . They have no Cities nor houses , but live in tents by troups , which they call heards . Their prince is named Cham , and obeyed with great reverence . ( 13 ) The thirteenth is China , by Ptolemy Sinarum regio : it hath in it 240. Cities of note . In this Region is Quinsay , the greatest Citie in the world . It hath on the North a wall of 100. miles in length . ( 14 ) The last is India , and the largest portion of earth that passeth under one name . Strabo writes that there were 50000. Towns quorum nullum Cô minus fuit . In the middle runneth the River Ganges , and divides it into India intra Gangem , the part that lieth toward the West , and India extra Gangem , which is the part toward the East . The Scripture calleth it Havilah . This region hath many very precious Commodities , Medicinall drugs , and Merchandize of great estimation . The chiefe place is Goa , where the Viceroy of Portugall resides , and with a Councell of the King of Spaine , exercises a power over all these quarters . ( 13 ) The Ilands of Asia , as they are of lesse account then the Maine , so they must be content with a shorter Survey . We will ranke them into the same order with the Continent . ( 14 ) The first are of Asia the lesse , and lye more Westward toward Europe . They onely worth note are two , Rhodes and Cyprus . ( 1 ) First Rhodes is in the Sea over against Caria . In the chiefe Citie of this I le stood the Colossus in the forme of a man , erected in a kinde of Religion to the Sunne , that once a day at least breaks out upon the I le , howsoever cloudy it be in other places . Graecians heretofore possest it , and when the Christians had lost the Holy Land , the Emperour of Constantinople gave this I le to the Knights of Saint Iohn in Hierusalem in the year 1308. But now the Inhabitants are most Turks , and some Iews sent thither out of Spaine . As for Christians they may not stay in the Citie in the night time . ( 2 ) The second is Cyprus , a place heretofore consecrated to Venus , to whom both men and women performed their sacrifice naked , till by the prayer of Barnabas the Apostle the Temple was ruined . Trogus reports , that the fathers of this I le had wont to prostitute their daughters to Mariners for mony , whereby to raise them a portion against they could get them husbands : but Christianity corrected those barbarous customes . In time it was made a Romane Province , and in the division of the Empire was assigned to the Emperour of Constantinople . So it continued till Richard the first of England in his holy Voyage put into this place for fresh water : but being incensed by the discourteous usage of the Cyprians , turned his intent into an invasion , took the King prisoner , and bound him in silver fetters . Afterward he sold it to the Templers for a time , but recovered it againe , and exchanged it for the title of Ierusalem . ( 15 ) Lastly , the Ilands of Asia the great lye most in the Indian or Easterne Ocean , and indeed are innumerable , but the chiefe of account are these . Ormus , Zeiland , Summatra , Auirae Insulae , Bocuro , Iaua Maior and Minor , Iapan , and Moluccoes , and the Philippian Iles. The first is Ormus , exceeding barren , and yet of it self a Kingdome , and full of Trade . ( 2 ) Zeilan so happy in pleasant fruits , that some have thought it was the place of Paradise . ( 3 ) Summatra lying directly under the Aequator , the Inhabitants are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . ( 4 ) And so are the Inhabitants of the Auirae Insulae that lye West from Summatra . ( 5 ) Bocuro so large an I le , that the compasse is said to be three moneths saile . ( 6 ) Iaua Maior , called by Scaliger , the Compendium of the world ; the Inhabitants feed on Rats and Mice ; it yeelds much spice . ( 7 ) And so doth Iauan Minor. ( 8 ) Iapan aboundeth so with gold , that the Kings Palace was covered with it in the time of Paulus Venetus . They enter not into their dining roome with their shooes on . ( 9 ) The Moluccoes are five , and abound much with all sorts of spices . In these is said to be the Bird of Paradise that flyeth continually , having no feet to rest upon : the Henne layeth her egges ( if you will beleeve it ) in a hole of the Cocks back . ( 10 ) Lastly , the Philippian Isles that lye North of the Moluccoes are 1100. as Maginus numbers them . They were discovered in the time of Philip the second of Spaine , and from him took their name , 1364. They abound with Spices , and part of the Inhabitants have entertained Christianity . ( 16 ) And thus I have made a briefe dispatch both of the Continent and Ilands of either Asia and have given my Reader a hint ( at least ) of their Stories , which he may find at large in their severall Authors . ¶ The Description of AFRICA . AFRICA as it lay neerest the seat of the first people , so questionlesse it was next inhabited : and therefore requires the second place in our Division . It is generally agreed upon , that the North parts were possest by the sons of Cham not long after the confusion . And so indeed the Kingly Prophet in the 78. Psalme , useth the Tents of Cham for the Land of Egypt , which is the part of Africa which joynes upon the South west of Asia , and is divided from the holy Land but by a small Isthmus . Give the people their owne asking , and they will have the glory of the first Inhabitants of the World : and prove it too both from the temperature of their aire , and fertility of their soyle , which breeds and nourisheth not onely Plants and fruits , but sends forth , of its owne vertue , living creatures in such sort , as amaseth the beholder . We have a report ( if you will beleeve it ) that in a ground neere the River Nilus , there have been found Mice halfe made up , and Nature taken in the very nick , when she had already wrought life in the fore-parts , head and brest , the hinder joynts yet remaining , in the forme of earth . Thus I suppose they would have man at first growne out of their soyle , without the immediate hand of God in his Creation . And it hath been the opinion of some vaine Philosophers , that for this cause have made the Ethiopians to be the first people : for that there the Sunne by his propinquitie , wrought soonest upon the moisture of the ground , and made it fit for mortality to sprout in . ( 2 ) But to leave these , without doubt Africa is of great antiquity , and so is allowed by all Historians of credit ; In the yeare 1566. the people were increased to an exceeding multitude ; and therefore were inforced to enlarge their bounds , upon their neighbouring Countries . For as it was of a most rare fertilitie : so it lay not any long way , and had free accesse to it by land from the garden of our first Parents . ( 3 ) In the time of Abraham we have better assurance from the word of God , that it was then a place of fame , and the Inhabitants of some growth , for they were able to supply the wants of the Countries adjoyning by their store : and thither went Abraham out of the Land of Canaan , to avoyd the great famine , Gen. 1● . She had then her Princes , Pharaoh and his mighty men , that feared not to resist God , and were afterward made the instruments of his punishments upon the children of Israel : for they kept them in bondage foure hundred years , as was foretold to Abraham in the 15. of Genesis . ( 4 ) But this proofe of Ancientry concerns not the whole Countrey : onely those Regions which lye under the temperate Zone . The rest for a long time after were unknowne to our Geographers , held not habitable , indeed beyond Mount Atlas , by reason of the extreme heat . The reports which passe of it before Ptolemyes time were but at randome , and by guesse of such as had never sayled it round , or scarce come within sight of it , but at a great distance , and by this means , either out of their owne errour , or else a desire of glory more then they had deserved : or perhaps a Travailors trick , to cheat the ignorant world that could not confute their reports , they spread many idle fables of monstrous people without heads , with their eyes and mouthes in their breasts , maintained to this day by some Authours of good esteeme . But for my part I hold it most reasonable to credit S. Augustine , who was born and died in Africa . That he in his eighth book De Civitate Dei , acknowledgeth no such creatures , or if they be , they be not men ; or if men , not borne of Adam . And our later discoveries joyne in with him that report not ( upon their owne experience ) of any other people then such as our selves are ; and yet I suppose they have seen more of the Countrey , then ever any heretofore did . For they passe not now to sayle it round once a yeare , by the Cape of good Hope to the East-side of the very Isthmus toward the Red-Sea . ( 5 ) This course by the South was discovered by one Vasco de Gama , in the yeare 1497. and a way found to the East Indies , by which the Princes of Portugall receive an infinite gaine , both in Spices , and other Merchandize . The hope of which first set them upon the adventure . And in this one thing we owe much to our owne Countrey , otherwise a detestable plague , that the insatiate desire of wanton commodities hath opened to us a large part of the world before not knowne , and which we hope may hereafter increase the light of the Gospel , and the number of the Elect. ( 6 ) If we compare Her to the two other portions of the same Hemisphere ▪ she is situated wholly South , and in part West-ward . It is divided on the North from Europe by the Mediterraneum Sea. On the South where it runnes into a kind of poynt at the Cape of good Hope , it is bound with the vast Ocean , which in that part hath the name of the Aethiopicke Sea ; on the East with the Red Sea ; and on the West with the Atlantike Ocean , called there in our common Maps , Mare del North. So that in briefe we reckon both Her Longitude and Latitude in the largest parts , to be neere upon 4200. English miles . ( 7 ) Notwithstanding this Vast extent of ground , yet we still of Europe keepe our owne , and by authority of the most and best Geographers , exceed as much for number , as either this or Asia do for roome . Cause enough there is why Africa indeed should come short of both : for in most parts , she hath scarce plenty sufficient to maintaine Inhabitants : and where there is , we shall meete with multitudes of ravening beasts , or other horrible monsters , enough to devoure both it and us . In a word , there is no Region of the world so great an enemy to mans commerce : there is such scarcity of water , that no creature almost could live , had not Nature provided thereafter , that the greater part of them endures not drinke in the very middest of Summer . So Pliny reports . And if ( as sometimes they be inforced by such as take them ) they suddenly perish . Thus we see how God gives a propertie to each place , that may make up her defects , lest it should be left as well by beast as men . Their Land is full of sandy deserts , which lye open to the windes and stormes , and oft times are throwne up into billows like waves of the Sea , and indeed are no lesse dangerous . Strabo writes that Cambyses his army was thus hazzarded in Aethiopia . And Herodotus , that the Psitti an ancient but foolish Nation ( it seems ) in Africa , as they marched towards the South , to revenge themselves upon the windes for drying up their Rivers , were overwhelmed with sand , and so dyed in their graves . Besides these annoyances it is so full of a venomous kind of Serpent , that in some places they dare not dresse their Land , unlesse they first fence their legs with bootes against the sting . Other wild creatures there are which range about , and possesse to themselves a great portion of this Countrey , and make a Wildernesse of Lions , Leopards , Elephants , and in some places Crocodiles , Hyenas , Basilisks , and indeed monsters without either number or name . Africa now every yeare produceth some strange creature before not heard of , peradventure not extant . For so Pliny thinks , that for want of water , creatures of all kinds at sometimes of the year gather to those few rivers that are , to quench their thirst : And then the Males promiscuously inforcing the Females of every species which comes next him , produceth this variety of formes : and would be a grace to Africa , were it not so full of danger to the Inhabitants , which as Salust reports , dye more by beasts then by diseases . For those traits about Barbary are every tenth year , 15. or 25. visited with a great plague , and continually infected with the French disease in such violence , that few recover , unlesse by change of ayre into Numidia , or the Land of Negroes , whose very temper is said to be a proper Antidote against those diseases . ( 8 ) But among all these inconveniences , commodities are found of good worth : and the very evils yeeld at last their benefit , both to their owne Countrey and other parts of the world . The Elephant a docible creature and exceeding usefull for battel : The Camel which affords much riches to the Arabian . The Barbaric horse , which we our selves commend : The Ram , that besides his flesh gives twenty pound of wooll from his very tayle : The Bull , painfull , and able to do best service in their tillage . And so most of their worst , alive or dead , yeeld us their medicinall parts , which the world could not well want . ( 9 ) In her division we will follow our latter Masters in this Art , whom time at least and experience , if no other worth , have made more Authentike , and those divide it into seven parts . ( 1 ) Barbarie or Mauritania . ( 2 ) Numidia . ( 3 ) Lybia or Africa propria . ( ● ) Nigritarum terra . ( 5 ) Aethiopia superior . ( 6 ) Aethiopia inferior . ( 7 ) Aegypt : and to these we adde the ( 8 ) Ilands belonging to Africa . map of Africa AFRICAE , described the manners of their Habits , and buildinge : newly done into English by I.S. and published at the charges of G. Humble Ano 1626 ( 11 ) Numidia was the second part in our Division of Africa , and hath on the West the Atlantike , on the East Aegypt , on the North Atlas , and the deserts of Lybia on the South . It is called likewise regio dactylifera , from the abundance of Dates ; for they feed upon them onely ; a people , Idolaters , Idiots , Theeves , Murderers , except some few Arabians that are mingled among them of ingenious disposition , and addicted much to Poetry . They seldome stay longer in one place then the eating down of the grafle : and this wandring course makes but few Cities , and those in some places three hundred miles distant . ( 12 ) Lybia the third is limited on the East with Nilus , Westward with the Atlantike , on the North with Numidia , and the South with terra Nigritarum . It was called Sacra , as much as Desert : For so it is , and a dry one too , such as can afford no water to a travellor sometimes in seven dayes journey . The Inhabitants are much like to the Numidians , live without any Law almost of Nature . Yet in this place were two of the Sibyls , which prophecied of Christ , and Arrius the Hereticke . About Lybia were the Garamantes , and the P●illi mentioned before for their simple attempts against the South winde . ( 13 ) Terra Nigritarum , the Land of Negroes is the fourth , and hath on the West the Atlantike , on the East Aethiopia superior , on the North Lybia , on the South the Kingdome of Manilongo in the inferior Aethiopia . It hath the name either from the colour of the people which are black , or from the River Niger , famous as Nilus almost , for her overflowing , insomuch , that they passe at some times in Boats through the whole Countrey . It is full of Gold and Silver , and other Commodities : but the Inhabitants most barbarous . They draw their originall from Chus , and have entertained all Religions that came in their way . First their owne , then the Iewes , the Mahumetans , and some of them the Christian. For the most part they live not as if reason guided their actions . Maginus numbers twenty five Provinces of this Countrey , which have had their severall Governours . Now it knoweth but foure Kings , and those are ( 1 ) The King of Tombulum , and he is an infinite rich Monarch , hates a Iew to the death of his subject that converseth with him : keepes a guard of three thousand Horsemen besides Foote . ( 2 ) Of Bornaum , where the people have no proper Names , no Wives peculiar , and therefore no Children which they call their owne . ( 3 ) Of Goaga , who hath no estate but from his Subjects as he spends it . ( 4 ) Gualatum , a poore Countrey , God wot , not worth either Gentrie or Lawes , or indeed the name of a Kingdome . ( 14 ) Aethiopia Superior the fifth , and is called likewise the Kingdome of the Abissines . It is limited on the North with Aegypt , on the South with the Montes Lunae , on the East with the Red Sea , and on the West with the Kingdome of the Nigers and Manilongo . It is distinct from the Aethiopia so often mentioned in Scripture : For by all probability , that was in another quarter of the world , and reacheth from the Red Sea to the Persian Gulfe . It is governed by one of the mightiest Emperours in the world : For his power reacheth almost to each Tropicke , and is called by us Presbyter Iohn . He is the onely white man amongst them , and drawes his Line from Solomon , and the Queene of the South . His Court rests not long in any one place , but is moveable as well for housing as retinue . For it consists of Tents onely to the number of sixe thousand , and incompasseth in , about twelve or thirteene miles . He hath under him seventy Kings , which have their severa●l Lawes and Customes ; Among these the Province of Dobas hath one , that no man marry till he hath killed twelve Christians . The Inhabitants of the whole Region are generally base and idle : the better sort have the modestie to attire themselves , though it be but in Lions and Tygers skinnes . Their Religion is Mixt. Christians they have , but yet differ from us ; For they Circumcise both sects . Their oath is by the life of their King , whom they never see but at Christmas , Easter , and Holy Rood . Their Commodities are Oranges , Lemmons , Cittrons , Barley , Sugar , Hony , &c. ( 15 ) Aethiopi● inferior the sixth part of Africa , is on every side begirt with Sea except toward the North ; that way it is severed from the Abissines by the Montes Luna . The government of this Region is under five free Kings , ( 1 ) Of Aiana , which containes in it two petty Kingdomes of Adel and Adia , and abounds with Flesh , Hony , Wax , Gold , Ivorie , Corn , very large Sheepe . ( 2 ) Zanguebar , in this stands Mesambique , called by Ptolemie , Prassum Promon●orium , and was the utmost part Southward of the old world . The Inhabitants are practised much in So●th-saying , indeed Witch-craft . ( 3 ) Of Monomolopa , in which is reported to be three thousand Mines of Gold. Here there lives a kind of Amazons as valiant as men . Their King is served in great pompe , and hath a guard of two hundred Mastives . ( 4 ) Cafraia , whose people live in the Woods without Lawes like brutes . And here stands the Cape of good Hope , about which the Sea is alwaies rough and dangerous : It hath beene especially so to the Spaniard . It is their owne note , in so much , that on● was very angry with God , that he suff●red the English Hereticks to passe it so easily over , and not give his good Cathol●k●s the like speed . ( 5 ) Manicongo , whose Inhabitants are in some parts Christians , but in other by-Provinces Anthropophagi , and have shambles of mans flesh , as we have for meat . They kill their own children in the birth , to avoyd the trouble of breeding them , and preserve their Nation with stolen brats from their neighbouring Countries . ( 16 ) Aegypt , is the seventh and last part of the African Continent , which deserves a larger Tract then we can here afford it : But for the present be content with a briefe Survey ; and satisfie your selfe more particularly in the many severall Authours that write her story . It hath on the East the Red Sea , Barbarie on the West : on the North , the Mediterraneum , and Aethiopia Superior on the South . It was first possest by Cham , and therefore called Chemia in their owne antique Stories : Or at least by Mitzraim his Grand-childe , and is so agreed upon by most . For plenty it was called Orbis horreum , yet it had very seldome any raine , but that defect was supplied by the River Nilus : The places of note are , Caire and Alexandria . The first was heretofore Memphis : Some say Babylon , whither the Virgin fled to escape . Herods tyranny intended to our Saviour : and blush not to shew the very Cave where she had hid her Babe . In a desert about foure miles distant stand the Pyramides , esteemed rightly one of the seven wonders of the world . Alexandria was a magnificent Citie , and the place where Ptolemie tooke his Observations , and was famous for the rarest Library in the World. To the Inhabitants of this Countrey , we owe the invention of Astrologie , Physicke , Writing on Paper . Their Kings names were Pharaoh toward the beginning : Now what the Turke pleaseth . ( 17 ) And this is as farre as we may travell by Land : it remains that we loose out into the bordering Seas , & descry what Ilands we can , neere those parts of Africa which we have here mentioned . And these lye either Southward in the Aethiopicke Sea , or else Westward in the Atlantick Ocean . ( 18 ) The Aethiopicke Ilands are onely two . ( 1 ) The Iland of S. Laurence or Magadassar , four thousand miles in compasse , and the length more then Italie , rich in all Commodities almost that man can use . The Inhabitants are very barbarous , most of them blacke , some white there are , supposed to have been transplanted out of China . ( 2 ) Zocatrina at the mouth of the Red Sea , in length sixtie , in bredth twenty five miles . It lyeth open to sharpe Windes , and by that meanes is extreame drie and barren . Yet it hath good Drugges , and from hence comes the Aloe Zocatrina . The people are Christians and adore the Crosse most superstitiously , and give themselves much to Inchantments . ( 19 ) The Atlanticke Ilands are ( 1 ) Sir Thomas Iland , and lyeth directly under the Aequator , it was made habitable by the Portugalls , which found it nothing but a wood . It is full of Sugar , little other commodities . ( 2 ) Prince Iland , betweene the Aequator and Tropicke of Capricorne : It is rich enough for the owner , though I finde no great report of it . ( 3 ) The Gorgades of old the Gorgons where Medusa and her two sisters dwelt ; I forbeare the fable , they are nine in number , and because neere to Cape Virido , in the Land of Negroes , they have a second name of Insulae Capitis Viridis . They abound with Goates , and the chiefe of them is called Saint Iames. ( 4 ) The Canaris called for their fertilitie The fortunate Ilands , and was the place of the first Meridian , with the ancient Geographers , to divide the world into the East and West , and from thence to measure the earths Longitude : but now it is removed into the next Ilands more North , which are the Azoris , and belong properly to Europe , as lying neerer Spaine then any other Continent . The number of the Canaris are seven . The chiefe Canarie ; next Palus , where our Shippes touch to refresh themselves in their voyage toward America . Then Tanariffa , which hath no water but from a cloud , that hangs over a tree , and at noone dissolves , and so is conveyed into severall parts . The other foure are Gomera , Hieiro , Lansarat , and Fuerte ventura , some few other not worth note or name . The men lend their Wives like Horses or any other Commoditie . ( 5 ) Lastly , the Hesperides not farre from the Gorgades , they are often mentioned by our ancient Poets in the fable of Atlas his Daughters . It was supposed to be the seat of their blessed , which they called the Elizian field . And indeed it is a very happy soyle , the weather continually fayre , the seasons all temperate , the ayre never extreame . To conclude , Africa affords not a sweeter place to rest in . ¶ The Description of EVROPE . EVROPE may perhaps thinke her selfe much injured to be thus cast back into the third place of my Division , and reckoned the last of the old world : but my promise shall be here made good , to give her her due . And though Chronologie will not allow the precedency : yet compare her present estate with the rest , and you may take her rank here to be ad Pompam , as most commonly in our solemne Triumphs those of most worth are marshalled forth last . Yet were she so minded to quarrell for Antiquitie , she could not want abetters , such as would have some parts of Europe flourish within thirty years after the confusion of tongues . The originall of the Germane Kingdome is drawne by Aventinus Helcr●● , and others , from Tuisco , the sonne of No●h , and he began his raigne in the yeare 1787 ▪ after the Creation , and that was but one hundred thirty one yeares after the Deluge , not above thirty from the time that they were dispersed out of Babell . But to passe by those uncertaine stories which may admit dispute , we have to this day the Germane Triers , a Citie standing from the time of Abraham , and beares as yet the markes both of the art and ambition of the Babylonians . As if here they strove to reach eternitie , as they did before in the plaine of Shinar to top heaven . ( 2 ) Sure I am what ever part of the world was first famous , Europe soone got the start , and tooke the Scepter of the earth into her hand , she had the name with Plinie of Orbis domitorum genitrix : and well she might , if we but read her Storie , since first she came in view . In the Greek Monarchie Alexander was her Champion . In the Latine Empire the Romanes bare the sway , and scarce left a corner of the earth then knowne unconquered . And to this day the Princes of Europe enlarge their Dominions upon the Regions of the other three . A small portion as we are of this little I le , in respect of their vast Continent , yet have we a part too in America for our peculiar , and hope still to bring more into our possessions , that we may bring them unto Christ. ( 3 ) In respect of the two other quarters in the Easterne hemisphere , Europe is partly West , and partly North , for she is situated North-ward , betwixt the Tropike of Canc●r and the polare Articke : and West-ward hath no Continent betwixt her and America , but is bounded with the Atlantick Ocean . On the East toward Asia , she hath the Mare Aegeum , which the Italians call Archipelagus , and the Pontus Euxinus , or Mare Magor . And the Palus Meotis , and the River Tanais . Southward it hath the Mediterranean and Fretum Herculeum ; So that it is almost incompast with the Seas ; and hath the forme of a Peninsula , whose Isthmus that joynes it to the rest of the Continent is to be reckoned that part , which lyeth betwixt the branches of the River Tanais and the Mare Glaciale : These are her out-bounds . ( 4 ) If we view her within we shall find that Nature had not spent her store , nor was she close handed when she allotted her portion . And though Europe indeed be the least , yet is she furnished in all points with the like varietie : her Rivers as Commodious as those of Asia and Africa , and her Mountains no lesse famous then Taurus or Atlas . Her measure indeed is not comparable to any of the other three : She beares in Longitude but 3800. miles from S. Vincent in Portugall to Constantinople . And in Latitude at most 1200. and that too from the Aegean to the frozen Sea , by some account not above 900. ( 5 ) But be her extent ( as it is ) small ; it addes to her glory , that in Exiguo res numerosai●cet : that yet she exceeds those vaster Regions , and bears the name of the most happy Countrey in the world , both for plenty of Corne , Plants , Fruits , for Rivers and Fountaines of admirable vertues , for beauty as well of Cities , Castles , and Horses , as men and women of excellent feature . For the studie of Arts , for sinceritie in Religion , and what ever else God hath pleased to blesse his Church with from the beginning . ( 6 ) She wants nothing but what she may well spare ; wilde Beasts , which cause Deserts in the parts where they breed : hot Spices , which fit not our temper : and rather corrupt our manners then mend our dyet : precious jewels and the like , which have brought in a degree of vaine and uselesse pride not knowne before by our Predecessors ; yet too of gold , silver , and other commodious metals , she hath her portion . And in briefe , is of a very prosperous temper , yet of so strange varietie , that it is admirable to thinke that there is no place in this quarter , but is fit for any man to live in . Insomuch as every corner is inhabited , as is confirmed by our later Travellers : though heretofore it hath been questioned by reason of the extreame cold toward the Pole. This in generall . ( 7 ) In her Division , we will beginne from her Westerne parts , that lye towards the first Meridian of Longitude , and so on till we come to her Easterne limits , which joyns her to Asia . The order is ( 1 ) Spaine . ( 2 ) France . ( 3 ) Belgia . ( 4 ) Germany . ( 5 ) Italie . ( 6 ) Denmarke . ( 7 ) Hungarie . ( 8 ) Polonie . ( 9 ) Slavonia . ( 10 ) Greece . ( 11 ) Dacia . ( 12 ) Norwegia . ( 13 ) Suevia . ( 14 ) Muscovia . ( 8 ) Every least Region of Europe merits a peculiar Description at large , and shal in its turn partake of my pains such as it is . In the meane time I will here instruct my Reader in the generall knowledge of each , and direct him principally to their situation , that be may with ease find their propinquitie and distance in respect of each other , which cannot be so aptly exprest in their severall Maps ; nor so easily scanned as in this , which presents to his eye all at one view . ( 9 ) Spaine is the first and the amplest Region of Europe , For in bredth it numbreth 10000. stadia saith Appianus , and little lesse ( as it seemeth ) in length . The compasse is reckoned by us to be 1890. English miles . It is begirt on every side with Seas , unlesse on the Easterne , and there it is joyned to France by a kinde of Isthmus , when the Pyrenaean Mountaines crosse from one Sea to the other , and set the limits to both Kingdomes . On the West it is bounded with the Atlantick Ocean , on the North with the Cantabrick ▪ and on the South with the fretum Herculeum : Southeast with the Mediterraneum . Till within this 800. yeares it continued mangled and broken by many turnes of Fortune . Since it hath felt varietie enough , now it is wholly subject to one Monarch , though it yet carry the name of three Kingdomes , Aragon , Castile , and Portugall . The Land yeelds all sorts of Wines , Sugar , Fruits , Graine , Oyles , Metals , especially Gold and Silver . It is fertile enough for the Inhabitants . For indeed they are not many , nor have they so great Cities as there are in other Regions in Europe . Besides , the conditions of those for the most part are base . The meanest proud , the best superstitious and hypocrites : most of them lascivious . Give them their owne , they are good Souldiers , not so much for their valour in performing , as patience to endure labours , hunger , thirst , and by this means oft-times , weary out an enemy rather then conquer him . ( 10 ) France the second Region of Europe , beginneth from the West at the Pyrenean Mountaines , and is bounded on the East with Germany , on the North with our English Seas , and South-ward with the Mediterraneū , South-east with the Alpes , which divide it from Italie . It was once tributarie to Rome , as most of these parts besides , and had its division into Provinces as they pleased . Now the chiefe are Loraigne , Burgundie , Savoy , and these have their free Princes ; the rest are Normanie , Brittanie , Berry , Aquitane , Picardie , Poictou , Languedock , Aniow , Gascoine , Provenue , Compagne , and many more . The Countrey is very fruitfull , and cals all her neighbouring Nations to her for Traffique . Their speciall Commodities are , Wine , Corne , and Salt. Well peopled , and hath very many illustrious Cities . But the Inhabitants are naturally light in their carriage , almost Counter-point to the Spaniard : yet of great fame , both in learning and warres . Commended by all strangers for compleat Courtship . ( 11 ) Belgia hath France on the South , on the North Denmarke , on the East Germany , and the maine Ocean on the West : It is knowne best with us by the name of Low Countries or Netherlands . The compasse of it is about a thousand miles . It is divided into 17. Provinces . And of these , foure are Dukedomes , seven Earledomes , five Baronies , and one Marqueship . The Dukedomes are ( 1 ) Brabant , and in this is Autwerp . ( 2 ) Luicke . ( 3 ) Lutzenburg , here stands the vast Forrest of Ardenna . ( 4 ) Gelderland . The Earledomes ( 1 ) Flanders . ( 2 ) Artois . ( 3 ) Hainolt . ( 4 ) Holland . ( 5 ) Zealand . ( 6 ) Zutphen . ( 7 ) and Hamme . The Baronies ( 1 ) Freizland . ( 2 ) Vltrecke . ( 3 ) Mechlin . ( 4 ) Overissell . ( 5 ) Groveling . The Marqueship is that of the holy Empire . The Land is good , and affordeth great store of Butter , Cheese , and breeds Oxen of incredible bignesse and weight . The people too , are very industrious and excellent Mechanicks . The men commonly are of a goodly portraiture : yet of more same for their warres then their valour ; but are forced to maintain their liberty by the Sword ; good Sea-men indeed , and in that they bear some sway . Their Governours are called the States of the Low-Countries . The Generall of their Forces , is the Prince of Orange . ( 12 ) Germany lyeth Eastward from Belgia , and on her owne East is bounded with Hungarie and Polonia , and the River Vistula , on the North with the Germane Ocean , and on the South with the Alpes that divide her from Italy . In the middle is situa●ed the Kingdom of Bohemia , compassed with the Sylva Hyrcinia , and in this stands Prage , where the Emperour commonly keepes his Court. And comprehends many Provinces of note : Saxony , Brandenberge , Pomerania Bavaria , Sle●ia , Franconia , Austria , Helvetia , East-Friezland , Westphalia , Cleveland , Alsatia , map of Europe EVROP , and the cheife Cities contaned therin , described ; with the habits of most Kingdoms now in vse . By Io : Speed 〈…〉 1626. Brunswicke , and Hassia . It hath now the name of the Empire , as once Rome had , but it comes farre short of her in glory . The right to it descends not by succession , but by choyce of six Electors , Arch-bishops of Triers , M●nts , and Cullen , Count Palatine of Rhene , Duke of Saxonie , and Marquesse Brandenberge : In case of equality , the King of Bohemia hath a suffrage which carries it . It is a rich Countrey , in Corne , Wine , Fruits , Mines , and hath in it healthfull Bathes . The people warlike and ingenious for the invention of many usefull implements . ( 13 ) Italy hath Germany on the North , divided by the Alpes , on the South the Mediterraneum , on the East the Adriatique Sea , and on the West , Marc Tyrrenum . In length it is 1010. miles , and in the broadest place 420. It was once intirely one . Now it is divided into many States and Provinces . The chiefe are , the Kingdome of Naples , the Territorie of Rome , Lumbardy , Tuscaine . The Signorie of Venice , Verona , and others of great fame . For indeed the whole Countrey is of admirable fertilitie , and called by good Authours , the Paradise of the earth . The Inhabitants grave and frugall : yet hot and lascivious . ( 14 ) Denmarke is joyned to Germany on the South , and on the West hath the Mare Germanicum , and so almost is invironed with Sea , and is a Peninsula . In the Continent are two Provinces of note , Irglant and Holston . The other are petty Ilands for the most part . The chiefe Zealand and Loiland . The Countrey breedeth goodly Horses and store of Cattell . The people are good Souldiers , and subject to one King. ( 15 ) Hungaria , hath part of Germany on the West , on the East the River Tibiscus , and Walachia , on the North with Poland , and on the South with the River Saure , Southwest with Slavonia . The great Danubius cuts her in the middle , and names her parts Citerior and Vlterior . The chiefe Provinces are ( 1 ) The Countrey of Soliense : where the earth sends forth such a stench , that it poysoneth the very Birds which fly over it . ( 2 ) An Iland in Danubius exceeding fertile . And so indeed is the whole Countrey . The people are generally strong , but shew their Ancientrie to be of the Scythians by their barbarous manner , and neglect of learning . Their Daughters portions are onely a new attire : and their Sonnes equally inherit without priviledge of birth-right . The Emperour of Germany and the Turke share it betwixt them . ( 16 ) Polonia and Silesia , a Province of Germany on the West , on the East the River Boristhenes or Neiper : on the North the Balticke Sea , and Hungary on the South . It is in compasse 2600. miles . The chiefe Provinces which belong at least to Poland are , Livonia , Lituania , Volinia , Samogitia , Podolia , Russia nigra , Mazaria , Prussia , Podlassia , the Dukedomes of Optwittes , and Zator , Polonia propria . The Land abounds with Honie , Wax , Mines of Copper and Iron . It breeds store of Horses fit for service . Their Religion is promiscuous of all kinds from the true worship , to the very Atheist , which acknowledgeth no God : yet they are governed by one King , which doth not succeed , but is chosen by the Nobles . ( 17 ) Slavonia , hath Hungarie on the North , on the South the Adriaticke Sea , Greece on the Southeast , and on the West part of Italy . It is in length 480. miles , in bredth , 120. The people were called Sclavi , and were by Conquest of the Venetians made their drudges : It is now divided into Illyricum , Dalmatia , Croatia . The mother tongue of this Nation is used through many Countreys , both of Europe and Asia : part of it belongs to the government of Hungarie : some to the Turke , some to the Austrians , and a portion to the Venetian State. ( 18 ) Greece is limited on the West with the Adriatique Sea : on the East with the Aegean , Hellespont , Propontis , North-ward with the Mountaine Haemus , and Southward with the Mediterraneum . It was once the seat of the worlds Empire , and flourished farre beyond all other in every kind of humane learning , which to this day is received by all civill Nations as their rule . It was one of the first among the Gentiles that received the faith of Christ , and bred many Fathers of our Church , S. Chrysostome , Basill , S. Gregory and others . But the Inhabitants are now curbed and kept low , as well in knowledge as estate , by the tyrannie of the Turke . Their women are well favoured , but not faire . The common division is into these Regions , Peloponnesus , Achaia , Epirus , Albania , Macedonia , Migdonia , Thracia ; They afford us Gold , Silver , Copras , Colours , Wines , Velvet , Stuffes , &c. ( 19 ) Dacia on the West hath Hungarie , on the East the Euxine Seas , on the South Greece , on the North Sarmatia , from which it is divided by the Carpathian Mountains . It was heretofore Misia , and was by Domitius parted into Misia superior and inferior . Now the chiefe Regions are Transilvania , Moldavia , Walachia , Servia , Rasia , Bulgaria , Bosnia . ( 20 ) Norwegia or Norway , describes her situation in her very name , which signifieth in the Germane tongue , no other then North-way : for so it is in respect of the rest of Europe , & incompassed almost round with Sea. The length is 1300. miles . The bredth about 600. The people were once valiant , and spred their Conquests in most places of Europe : Among the rest England hath her share , and was forced to submit to Duke William , and Ireland to Tancud . But now themselves are under a forraigne government of the King of Denmarke , and live simply enough : possesse little worth the commending except honestie . Theft is counted the greatest sinne among them . Yet they have Cables , Masts ; Furres good store , and Stock-fish , which the poore eat in stead of bread . The Metropolitan Citie is Nidrosio ; besides this , there is not above two of eminent note . Bergla one of the Mart townes of Christendome , and Asloia a Bishops See. On the North and West stands the populous Province of Frimarke . ( 21 ) Suevia or Sweden , is on the East of Norway , divided from it with the Dofrine Mountains . On the North and South it is bounded with Seas : at the East end it is joyned to Muscovia . By reason of their neighbourhood , they pertake much in their dispositions with the Norwegians . Their Counntry is fertile , and in some Provinces hath very great plenty of Corn , Furres , Mines of Gold and Silver , Copper , Lead , and other excellent commodities from which they take their name . For the first is Gotland , as much as good land . The second Finland , quasi fine land . The rest are Bodia , Serick-firmia , Lappland , & others . The Inhabitants live to a great age of 140. and are much given to Witch-craft . ( 22 ) Muscovia is the last Region of Europe towards the East , and indeed stands a good part in Asia . It is bounded on the West with Livonia , & some part of Swevia , on the East with Tartary , on the North with the frozen Seas , and Southward with the Lituania . The length of it is 3000. miles , the bredth 3065. It is likewise knowne by the name of Russia alba . The most parts of it are extreme cold : But Nature for the help of the Inhabitants hath lined it with rich Furres , Sables , Martines , white Foxe and the like : and hath furnished it with other Commodities , Corne , Fruits , and Cattell . The whole Region is subject to the Emperour of Russia . A vast Territorie and as wild a government . For the people are very base , contentious , ignorant , and sottishly superstitious . They bury their dead upright , with a staffe in his hand , a penny in his purse , and a letter to S. Nicholas to procure him entrance into heaven . There are many Provinces of note . The chief are ( 1 ) Muscovia , where Mosco stands , the prime Citie and seat of the Emperour . ( 2 ) Permia , where they eat stagsflesh in stead of bread . ( 3 ) Rhesan , so full of Corne that Horses cannot tread it down , nor a Quaile passe through it . But for this I am not very urgent to inforce beliefe upon my Reader . Others there are which have their stories of as much wonder , and as little credit . But I must not passe too farre this way , lest I a little trespasse upon anothers possession ; I have already set footing into Asia : Give me leave to recover my selfe into my proper bounds , and I will set yon a briefe description of the Ilands which are reckoned as the appendices to Europe . ( 23 ) The West in the Atlantick , are Cronland , Groviland , Island , Freesland . These lie neerest to the Artike and are extreme cold , but send forth good store of Fish. The next ranke is in the British Seas : Ireland , Great Britaine with her traine , the Orcades , Hebrides , Silly Ilands , Man , Anglesey , Iarsie , Gernsey , Wight . Let not the rest envie , if I here as I passe , doe a due homage to our owne , and salute Her Queene of European Seas . She is a parcell of earth , culled out from the rest , which for her proportionable distance from the Torrid and frized Zones , injoyeth so sweet a temper , that neither our Summer heate need compell us to the shade , nor out Winter cold invite us to the fire , so Maginus . And indeed our lines are fallen in pleasant places : we have a faire inheritance , others you shall find of lesse regard in the Germane Seas , and those which divide Norway and Sweden , from Germanie and Poland . More toward Spaine are situated the Azons , 9. in number . Of these one called Faiall is with us of greatest note , for our noble Sir Walter Raleighs victory over the Spaniard , 1597. ( 24 ) The Southerne Ilands of Europe lye about the Mediterraneum . The first ranke are , ( 1 ) Baleans neere unto Spaine . ( 2 ) Corsica . ( 3 ) Sardinia , over against Italie where it parts from France . ( 4 ) Sicily , famous for the gulfe Charybdis , which answers to the Rock Scylla on Italy side , and for the shipwracks which oft-times they enforce , have made up the fiction of the Sea-monsters mentioned in our ancient Poets . ( 5 ) Malta the seat of the illustrious Knights . The second Classis is of those in the Adriatique and Ionium Seas . In Ptolemy I find situated on the North-east of Italy , Absorrus , Curicta , Scardona , Insulae Diomedaeae , Issa , Targuriū , Pharia , Corcyra , Melitum : more South toward the Mediterraneū Corcyra , Ericusa , Cephalenia , Ithaca the Countrey of Vlysses , Echinades Insulae Zacynthus , the Strophades , Cythera : And just as it were in the mouth of the Aegeum , now called Candia an Isle of 520. miles circuit , and feigned by the ancient Poets to be the birth-place of Iupiter . It abounds with Cypresse trees , and a lascivious Wine which we call Malmesey . ( 25 ) The last on the Southerne Ilands in the Aegean Sea , which indeed are not easie to be numbred : but the chiefe are Melos , Chias , Bria , The Cyclades , Sporades , Delos , Tenos , Icaria , Samos , Andros , Eubia , a very large Iland , Scyros , Lesbos , Lemnos , Samothracia , and Mytilene , whose chiefe town Methymia offers it selfe to the confines of Asia . And now we are not many miles distant from Troas . You see we want Sea-roome to travell further : If you desire to have an exact review of the particulars , you must allow each almost a severall voyage . Let it suffice for the present , that when your desire serves to make further search into other Authours , your passage is here discovered to your hand . ¶ The Description of AMERICA . AMERICA must yeeld her selfe to the last place of my division . She is styled commonly the new World in respect of what was knowne in Ptolemi●s time . And this name imports glory enough that she singly can equalize the title of World , and a larger World then can be made up by the other three , if we reckon in the Territories not yet fully discovered , and therefore indeed deserve not each to it selfe a severall Description . ( 2 ) And since she hath enough upon due right to preferre her worth , there will be no need of that counterfeit gloze of ancientrie , which many pretend in the search of her originall . Some there are that upon their own bare conjecture pronounce her as old as the story of our Antipodes : others as Solomons voyage for Gold into the land of Ophir . In briefe , my line will reach but 132. years backward , to the time of Christopher Columbus a Genoaie : before him I read of none , that durst arrogate to himselfe any certaine knowledge of those parts , unlesse a bragging Spaniard without a name or note of description . There are a sort of ungratefull ones , that commonly debase them most that deserve of them best : and judge it a thing worthy their hate , to be out-gone in any faire action , though it redound to their owne profit . Pardon my zeale to truth ; it warmes my style against those robbers , in the behalfe of so honourable a man : They are no petty theeves that would steale from one his immortalitie : as what lesse could he deserve , that gave us the knowledge of another world , and laid the way open for the entrance of the Gospel , to the saving ( as we hope ) many millions of soules ? ( 3 ) His lights were little beside his own projecting wit , excellent skill in Astronomy and Navigation : by which he fully perswades himself of some lands , that must needs lye in that portion of circle , which should make up the world into a Globe , & withall saw , there could be no distemper either of heat or cold , that could make it lesse habitable or fruitfull , then those places of the old world , which lay under the same Climates , and had the like respect to the heavens . These indeed were good rationall perswasions , but the difficultie would have daunted a mean spirit , & dasht not the action onely , but the very thought . His resolution was confirmed ; and his purpose well digested to himselfe in the yeare 1486. and put into practise about sixe yeares after . ( 4 ) When the gappe was once opened many rushed in , and in a short space discovered a large Territorie . Americus Vesputius got ground upon the Continent , and gave it that name . Ferdinando Magellanus found out the South-Sea-limits : and first attempted the compasse of the word that way . Our owne Heroicks , Sir Francis Drake , Noble Candish , tract him in his Discoveries , and added of their owne . Northward Forbisher and Davis , put faire for a passage round from the East side of the Continent , from the West Willoughby and Burroughs . ( 5 ) Let their severall endeavours give you the parts of her division : The Regions contained in this Westerne Hemisphere , under the name of the New world or America , in the largest sense are foure . ( 1 ) America propria . ( 2 ) The Ilands . 3 Terra Septentrionalis incognita . ( 4 ) Terra Australis incognita or Terra Magellanica . ( 6 ) America propria , with her Ilands are the first , and were first discovered : She is divided from the old world by the Atlantick Ocean on her East , and on her West , with the pacifique Sea , or Mare del Zur North , and South she hath the Terrae incognitae , and so possesseth to her selfe almost the whole Hemisphere . What lyeth beyond her toward each Pole from the Aequator appeares as yet but as waste ground in our Maps : for the experience of our Travellers have not reached so farre , as to search fully into the Commodities of the Countries , or nature of their Inhabitants . Yet questionlesse there are many , and may hereafter yeeld as much profit as any other . ( 7 ) Of the qualitie of this Region in generall we can speake but little . For by reason of her length and bredth , she lyeth at such severall distance in respect of the heavens , that she admits indeed all variety almost , either of plenty or want , which we have hitherto found in Asia , Africa , or Europe . Here admirable for the fertilitie of soyle ; Then againe as barren : here temperate , there scorching hot , else-where as extreame cold . Some Regions watered with dainty rivers : others again infested with perpetuall drouth . Some Plaines , some Hils , some Woods , some Mines , and what not in some tract or other within the compasse of America ? yet nothing almost common to the whole but Barbarisme of manners , Idolatry in Religion , and sottish ignorance , such as hardly distinguisheth them from brutes : else they would not have taken reasonable men to be immortall Gods , as at first they did : yet what either God was or immortalitie , they knew no more then instinct of nature gave them , onely a confused thought they had of some place or other ( God knows where ) behinde some Hill , or where the blessed resided after their death . And from thence they supposed the Spaniards came at their first arrivall . But it was not long before the Tyrants cudgelled their simplicitie , and by their crueltie appeared to them rather Devils from hell , then Saints from heaven . ( 8 ) Yet still the In-land Countries retaine for the most part their inbred blindnesse : and worship the Sunne , Moone , and Starres , and they have their other Spirits , which they call their Zemes , and adore them in Images made of Cotten-wooll , which oft-times by the delusion of Satan seeme to move , and utter an hideous noyse , that workes in these poore Idolat●rs a great awe , lest they should harme them . ( 9 ) The rest of their Customes are answerable to their Religion , beastly . They goe naked , and are very lustfull people without distinction of sexe . In many places they are Anthropophagi , and prey upon each other like Wolves . They labour not much to sustaine themselves : but are rather content to take what the earth can yeeld without Tillage . This in generall . ( 10 ) Time hath not given way to many divisions of this America . I find one onely in the best Authors : and that it seemes Nature marked out to their hands ; For she hath severed the Continent into two Peninsulae ; The one lieth Northward from the Aequinoctiall , and is called Mexicana . The oth●r for the most part Southward toward the Magellanick straights , and is called Peruviana . Each of them are subdivided into their Provinces . ( 11 ) Mexicana is the first , and her bounds on the East and West are the Atlantick Ocean , and Mare del Zur . By the first it is severed from Europe : and by the last from the Regions of China and Tartaria in Asia : and is distant not above 250. miles , if we measure the passage at the shortest cut . On the South it hath the Peninsall Peruviana : and Northward we are not sure whether Sea or Land. It comprehends in compasse 13000. miles . The qualitie of the Inhabitants , and the riches of her soyle shall appeare in her severall Provinces , which are numbred thus : ( 1 ) Nova Hispania or Mexicana propria . ( 2 ) Quivira . ( 3 ) Nicarugua . ( 4 ) Iacutan . ( 5 ) Florida . ( 6 ) Virginia . ( 7 ) Norumbega . ( 8 ) Nova Francia . ( 9 ) Terra laboratoris or C●rterialis . ( 10 ) Estotilandia . ( 12 ) Nova Hispania , or Mexicana propria is the largest Province of this North part of America , and gave the name Mexicana to the whole Peninsula , which her selfe received from her chief Citie Mexico . Her bounds Southward is the Istthmus that joynes the Continents . Northward the same with the Peninsulaes ; on the West Calformia or Mar Veriniglio , and on the East Incutan . It was first possest by the Spaniard 1518. But it cost them much bloud to intitle their Kings Hispaniarum reges . It is an excellent Countrey , full of all varietie almost in every kinde usuall with us , and exceeds in rarities full of wonder . There is one tree which they dresse like our Vine , and order it so , that it yeelds them almost all usefull necessaries . The leaves serve them in stead of Paper , and of the Vine barke , they make Flaxe Mantles , Mattes , Shooes , Girdle , and Cordage : She hath in her foure principall Regions of note : ( 1 ) Nova Galitia found out by Nunnus Gusmannus 1530. Her Cities are Compostella , now a Bishops Sea , Sancte Esprite , and Guadalaiara . The Inhabitants liv●d at large heretofore without any government . But since the Spaniard came , they have endured incredible servitude , and crueltie . ( 2 ) Mechnacan a fertile Region , the Inhabitants comely and witty . Her chiefe Cities , Sl●s●nse the place of their native Kings , Pascuar and Valudolit , the Bishops See. ( 3 ) Mexico or T●mistian , which containes in it the Citie of Mexico , in compasse sixe miles , the seat of an Arch-Duke : and the Spanish Viceroy : and in it is an Vniversitie , a Printing-house , and a Mint for coynage . Other Cities there are , Tescuvo and Angelorum Civithy . ( 4 ) Ganstecan lying open on the East neer Mare del Nort. It is but barren , and the people poore , but cunning . The Spaniards have here two Colonies , Panuco and St. Iames in the vallies . ( 13 ) Quivira bordereth upon the West of the Continent towards Tartarie : It is temperate and fertile . But her chiefe riches is the Kine , which feed them with their flesh , and cloath them with their Hides . Her Provinces are Cibola and Nova Albion . The last was discovered by our Noble Sir Francis Drake , and voluntarily yeelded to the protection of our admired Queen of England , Elizabeth . ( 14 ) Nicarugua on the South-east of Nova Hispania , had a kind of settled Common-wealth before they knew Christianity , and is reported to have a tree that withereth at a mans touch . The chiefe Cities are now Granado , and Leo a Bishops See. ( 15 ) Incutan is situated over against the I le Cuba upon the East of the Peninsula . The people adored the Crosse before they heard of Christ. The Countrey is indifferent fertile : though that indeed as in all other places of this new World hath proved worse for the Inhabitants . For it hath drawne upon them their forraine Invadour . map of America AMERICA with those known parts in that vnknowne worlde both people and manner of buildings Discribed and inlarged by I.S. Ano. 1626 ( 17 ) Virginia carries in her name the happie memory of our Elizabeth . On the East it hath Mare del Nort , on th● North Norumbega , Florida , on the South and Westward , the bounds are not yet set . It was first entred by Sir Walter Raleigh 1584. and some at that time left there to discover the Countrey till more were sent , but they perished before the second supply . Since there have beene many Colonies planted out of England , which have there manured the ground , and returned good Commodities to the Adventurers . For indeed it is a rich Countrey , in Fruit , Trees , Beasts , Fish , Fowle , Mines of Iron and Copper , Veines of Pitch , Allum , and Tarre , Rozen , Gummes , Dies , Timber , &c. The Plantation went on with good successe till the yeare 1622. And then by the treachery of the Inhabitants there murdered neere upon three hundred of our men . The Natives are very vile people , horrible Idolaters , adore the creature which they most feare , and hate them which keepe them not in awe : they were kindly intreated by our English , and invited by all friendly means to Christianity . The North parts are most inhabited by our men , and is therefore called New England . It hath but one entrance by Sea at a faire Bay. Her Capes are called Cape Henry , and Cape Charles . The chiefe Towns are Ianus Towne , Regnougton , and Balesguift . ( 18 ) Norumbega on the North of Virginia , lyeth toward the Mare del Nort , and is a very fertile Region . It is inhabited by the Spanish and French. The Seas are shallow , and indanger many ships . So full of Fish , that the Boates cannot have free passage , saith Maginus . ( 19 ) Nova Francia is farther Northward from Norumbega : a barren Countrey , and the people barbarous ; some Ant●ropophagi . A few French there are besides the Natives . ( 20 ) Terra Laboratoris or Conterialis , 〈◊〉 more Northward upon the sea coast , and is divided from Norumbega by the River Lanada . It reacheth into the sea in form of a Peninsula . The men are barbarous , live in Caves , run swiftly , and are good Archers . The chiefe places are Breste , Cabo Marzo , and South Maria. ( 21 ) Escotiland the last Province of the Northerne Peninsula still creeps by the edge of the Atlantick : and on the North hath the straights called Fretum Daveissii an English-man , who this way attempted the Northwest unto Cathai and C●ina . And in regard it was adventured in the name of our Queene , the Promontorie is called Elizabeths Fore-land : and the sea running by it is likewise named ●orbishers Straights , from another of our worthy Countrey-men , that was interested before in the same service . This Region is held to be the first discovered of the New World. The North of it is still unknowne . It yeelds plentie of Gold , but is extreme cold . The people ingenious and good Artificers in most kinds , they are cloathed with beasts Hydes : and are skilled to make themselves Boates of sea Caloes skins , which they venture into the main sea without danger . ( 22 ) Peninsula Peruviana , is the South tract of America from the Isthmus to the Magellanick Straights . The same seas are the bounds upon the East and West , which were of the other Mexicana , by which she is divided from Africa on the East , and on the West at a large distance from the most Southern Ilands of Asia . The compasse of it is 17000. miles . From North to South there runnes a continued course of high Mountaines , whose tops the very Fowles of the ayre cannot reach by flight . And from thence descend many admirable Rivers , among which Maragno and Argente●● are most famous . The one for his extent , and the other for his plenty of silver . The Countrey is exceeding rich , but the people differ not much from the worst of beasts . They devoure mans flesh , filthy wormes , and what else comes in their way . The chiefest Provinces are numbred thus ; ( 1 ) Castella Aurea . ( 2 ) Guiana . ( 3 ) Peru. ( 4 ) Brasile . ( 5 ) Chile . ( 23 ) Castella Aurea is the first , named from her plenty of Gold. She lieth part in the Isthmus . The rest is the Northerne tract of P●ru : ( 1 ) Castella del ore in the very Isthmus , which is by some measured to be seventeene miles in bredth , by others twelve , the Merchandize sent from Spaine is unladen a● Nombre de Dios , and conveyed crosse the Isthmus by land to Panamais : from thence shipped againe for the Northwest of Peru : Neere these parts was an admirable atchievement performed by our valiant Countrey-man Iohn Oxenham , who by the direction of Moores skilled in the Countrey , went to the Land of Pearles , and tooke from the Spaniards an incredible weight of gold and silver . ( 2 ) Nova Andalusia Southward from Castella del ore . The chiefe Townes are Tocoio and Sancta Espritta . ( 3 ) Nova Granata a rich Region with Mines of Gold and Silver , part of it lyeth under the Aequinoctiall . And this is St. Foy , one of the Arch-bishops Sees . ( 4 ) Cartagena a fruitfull Countrey , which yeelded ( when time was ) to our still renowned Sir Francis Drake , store of prize , and 240. pieces of Ordnance . ( 24 ) Guiana is the second Province of the Peninsale Peru Maria , situated just under the Aequinoctiall . On the North it hath the maine River Oronoque or Raliana from Sir Walter Raleigh , who went further then any before him into the Countrey . This River is Navigable by report above 1000. miles . On the South it hath like wise another great River of the Peninsula called Maragnon , which exceeds the former , and is Navigable 600. miles in length . In this Province stands the largest Citie of America called el Dor●do or the guilded Citie : For indeed there is plenty of Gold : The length as it is spoke by some Travellers , will exceed beliefe . The second memorable Town is St. Thome : not so much for her owne worth , as the dysasterous Fortunes of Sir Walter Raleigh : who there first lost his eldest sonne , and after returned home with that ill successe , as it cost him his own life . ( 25 ) Peru the third in ranke , yet by name it seems to be the chiefest Province of this Southerne tract . It is contained almost betwixt the Aequator and the Tropick of Capricorne . On the North it hath Castella del oro , on the South Chila , on the West Mare del Zur , and on the East the mountains of Peru. It is a very rich Countrey , aboundeth with gold and silver , little esteemed among the Inhabitants . For by report the Spaniard ordinarily shooed their Horses with gold : Another great Commoditie is Tobacco , a toy to play withall , but yeelds a great revenew to the King of Spaine . In this Province stands Lima the Arch-Bishops See and place of residency for the Viceroy Cusco , where the native Kings of Peru had wont to keepe their Court. The Inhabitants are strange Idolaters , and worship a black Sheep , Serpents , and other ugly Creatures . ( 26 ) Brasile on the North hath the great River Maragnon , and on the South and West Argenteus , on the East Mare del Nort. The Longitude from North to South is accounted 1500 , the bredth 500. the compasse about 3000. The Inhabitants are rude , live for the most part in the bodies of trees . They swimme excellently , & are able to keep under the water for a long space . Their chiefe commodities are Sugar and Brasile wood . The people are covered with naturall haire , cruel , lascivious , false , and what not ? In this Region is an hearb called Viva , which if you touch it , it will shoot up , as a Dasie in the night , and will not open till the partie that injured it be out of sight . Here are few Towns of note , Saint Anna , Equitum , Ascensio , Pernanbuco . ( 27 ) Chile is the last of the Peninsula , and on the North hath Peru , on the West the Mare del Zur , on the South the Magellanick Straights , on the East the Virginian Ocean . She hath her name from her extreame cold temper , in so much that many are frozen to death , and hardened like marble . It is a rich Countrey as wel for gold as other commodities of worth . The Rivers are fed with Snow that fals from the tops of high mountains . The people are of large stature , and very valiant . The chiefe City is Saint Iames , where a Colony of Spaniards keep hold . And thus we are travelled from the Basis to the very Pyris , at the South America . The utmost point of it is called Caput victoria from Magellanus Ship. The rest must be performed by Sea. Our best course will be from the East Atlantick Ocean round by the Magellanick Straights into the Pacifick Sea. For within this compasse lyeth all the Ilands that belong to this new World , and those were my second part in the generall division of the whole Hemisphere . ( 28 ) The Ilands of America in the Atlantick Ocean are ( 1 ) Margarita not farre from Castella del oro . 〈◊〉 very barren in provision for victuals , but exceeds in plenty of precious stones of the greatest value : And so doth her neighbour . ( 2 ) Cubagna . ( 3 ) Trinidado stored with Tobacco . ( 4 ) Bacalaes over against Terra Laboratoris . ( 5 ) Boriquen Northward from Guiana ; Her principall Cities are St. Iolas and Port Rico , ruined by our Earle of Cumberland 1●97 . ( 6 ) Iamaica spoyled by the Spaniards cruelty of most of her Natives : Insomuch that the mothers strangled their babes in their wombe to prevent their servitude under so hard a Master as the Spanish Governour . ( 7 ) Laba a rich I le . In this there is a Bishops Sea called St. Ingo . ( 8 ) Lucaiae insulae in number 4●0 . and is best commended for the beauty of her women . ( 9 ) Barmudae many in number ; discovered by Sir Thomas Summ●rs , and thence have the name of Summer Islands , possest by a plantation of English , and agreeth well with their temper . ( ●0 ) Hispaniola or Haitie the first that was described by Columbus in the beginning of his attempt : An excellent Iland for temper of ayre , fertilitie of soyle , rich Mines , Amber , Suger , and Roots medicinall . One of the chiefe Townes in Domingo , ransackt by Sir Francis Drake 1585. The rest are St. Isabella , St. Thome , St. Iolius , &c. ( 11 ) ●here are a rank of Ilands neer the Basis of the South America , that are called Insulae Caralum or Canibalorum , part of them are Canibals and wild people : yet they yeeld commodities especially the Guiacum or lignum Sanctum . ( 19 ) The Ilands of America on the West in the Pacifick Sea are not many of much account . ( 1 ) The chiefe is Califormia , an Iland of about 500. leagues from the North Cape , Mendocino to the South , S. Lucas , which enters a little within the Tropick of Cancer . ( 2 ) Insulae Salomonis , supposed by some to be the Land of Ophir . ( 3 ) Insulae Latronum , named from the Natives theft , who stole Magellanus Cockboat when he first entred it . The Description of GRAECIA . GREECE is divided from Italy , but by a short cut of the Adriaticke sea . Each is so placed in Contra-view of the other , as if she were ordered to overlooke her neighbours actions . And so indeed there hath beene continually a mutuall emulation betwixt the two flourishing Nations , which have either in turnes possest , or at once divided the Empire of our Christian world . ( 2 ) How ever now she lieth dejected , and groanes under a miserable servitude : yet once she had as well the preheminence of Rome in glory , as the precedence in time . For to say truth , she was the wisest of any people , that were not inlightned with the knowledge of that great mystery : she set a patterne for government to all her succeeding ages ; and ( in briefe ) she was the mistresse almost of all Sciences : some there are which ( in a strict account ) will accept none but the Mathematikes : And yet too ( though those without doubt owe their being to the Chaldeans and Aegyptians , ) sure I am that even in them , she bred some of the most famous Artists that ever the world had , Euclide may be my proofe . In Philosophie Socrates , Plato , and our great Aristotle . In Oratory Demosthenes , Aeschines , and Isocrates . In Historiographic Xenophon , Thucidides , Plutarch and Herodotus . In Poesie Hesiod , Homer , Sophocles , and Aristophanes . In State-policy the wisest Solon of Athens , and Lycurgus of Lacedemonia : In Militarie affaires Themistocles , Miltiades , and the great Alexander , and infinite others , which had all past their times , and Greece almost sunke in her luster , before the name of Rome was heard of almost in her Territories . ( 3 ) She was at first but a small parcell of this quarter , till by her prowesse she grew on upon her neighbouring Countries , and enlarged her dominions through all Macedonia , Peloponnesus , Epirus , the Aegean Ilands and Thrace : and besides sent forth Colonies into other parts as well of Asia and Africa as of Europe , whereof some retaine the Greeke names to this day . Her selfe enjoyed the liberty for a long time which the first Inhabitants tooke to themselves , and felt not the burden of a tributary nation , till the time of the Persian Cyrus . He first brought her under . After him Xerx●s and other of the Kings of Persia ; which held it till it was recovered by Philip King of Macedonia ; and from him it fell to Alexander the great , who first tooke up his Greeke Monarchie : and at his death in the division delivered this with the rest to his successors in the Kingdome of Macedonia : and so it continued untill their last Perseus , in whose time it fell into the power of the Romans . ( 4 ) But when that Empire too had its fate to be severed by Constantine the great into the East and West , the Greeks again put in for a part : and were for a time rulers of the East , till they were successively over-run by the Goths , Bulgarians , Saracens , and Turks , under whom to this day , the poore wretches suffer continuall persecution for the name of Christ : and are scarce permitted by that great Tyrant , meanes of learning to know the Name , for which they suffer . ( 5 ) This Religion was first called Helles from Hello the sonne of Deucalion and Pyrrha , and in after-times tooke the name of Graecia from Graecus the sonne of Cecrops : and King then of that part onely , which was called Attica : For when there were many States , which were ordered by their peculiar Princes : But when once they were all joyned into a Monarchie , the whole retained the name of that part which was accounted most famous : and the Inhabitants in their stories generally called Graecians , though sometimes by the like Synecdoche , Achaei , Achivi , Argivi , Danai , Delopes , Dores , Dryopes , Hellenes , Iones , Myrmidones , and Pelasgi . ( 6 ) The bounds of Greece have beene severally set , as her government hath beene either enlarged by her owne valour , or impaired by a forraine enemy . But as she is now taken by Geographers , her marke on the East is the Aegean Sea : on the West the Adriaticke , which severs her from Italy : on the North the Mountaine Haemus , which is reported ( though falsly ) to be of such heighth , that from the toppe a man may descrie Seas foure severall wayes : and on the South the Mediterranean Ionium Seas . ( 7 ) The Region thus limited was once as fertile , pleasant , and rich , as any part of the whole Continent : And by reason of her plenteous Rivers and commodious accesse for Shippes , from almost all Coasts , she could want no meanes to export her own overplus , or import forraine merchandize from all parts of the knowne world : If at this day it appeares not in that luster no marvaile . Impius haec tam culta novalia miles habebat : Barbarus has segetes . ( 8 ) And besides the base misusage of the mis-beleeving Turke , the very Natives themselves are fallen from the noble disposition of their predecessors into an incredible sottishnesse : and those which before reckoned the rest of the earth Barbarous in comparison to their polite Common-wealth , are now themselves sunk below the envie of the meanest Nation , and become the most miserable object of pity living upon the earth . Indeed they may hardly be said to live , for that they take no farther care then barely to live . They are lazy beyond beliefe , and ignorant almost beyond recovery : for they have now no means to bring their children either to learning or manners . Not an Academie in all Greece . Their carriage generally uncivill : their feasts riotous , and their mirth debaucht . Their Wives are well favoured , and so indeed they must be : for they use them no longer as their wives then they continue to their liking : when they once fade , they are put to the house-drudgerie . Their language is the same as heretofore , but rudely corrupted , though ( as Maginus reports ) it differs not so much as the Italian from the pure Latine . The have no habite almost proper , but those which serve the Turke weare their fashion : the rest which are under the Venetian , observe them in their apparell : for they are slaves to both in their whole course . ( 9 ) Yet they retaine still a shew of the Christian Religion , which was here first settled by Timothie , to whom Saint Paul wrote two Epistles , and was after in the Primitive times , professed by divers learned and reverend Divines of their own Nation , which are with us received as Authentike Fathers of the Church : Saint Chrysostome , Basile , the Gregories , Nisene , and Nazianz●n , were all Grecians . The government Ecclesiasticall is in power of foure Patriarkes : ( 1 ) Of Constantinople ; and his extends over all Greece , Moscovie , Sclavonia , Dacia , part of Poland , and all the Ilands of the Adriatike and Aegevn Seas : ( 2 ) Of Alexandria , and his over Aegypt and Arabia : ( 3 ) Of Ierusalem ; and his over the Greekes in Palestine : ( 4 ) Of Antioch ; and his over Syria , Armenia , and Cilicia . ( 10 ) The people of this Countrey were heretofore distinguished by their principall dialects . And those were the Attike Ionike , Dorike and A●olike . A fift there was which was called a mixt or common dialect . Each differed from other no more then we doe from our selves in severall parts of our Kingdome , But this division will hardly reach the limits , which bounds Greece according to our description : we will adhere rather to that of our moderne Geographers , which reckon to Greece , sixe Provinces . ( 1 ) Thrace . ( 2 ) Macedonia . ( 3 ) Albania . ( 4 ) Epirus . ( 5 ) Achaia . ( 6 ) Peloponnesus . And ( 7 ) the Ilands . map of Greece Eλλαs GREECE Reuised by Iohn Speed and are to be sold by Geo : Humble 1626 Revised by Iohn Speed and are to be sold by Geo : Humble 1626 ( 12 ) Part of this Nation was heretofore perswaded , that their ancestors did not at all die , neither should they ; but passe onely out of this world into another to their supposed god Zalmoxis , once a Scholler of Pythagoras , who when he had perswaded them unto this Religion , seemed wonderfully to vanish out of their sight , and appeared not any more : but left them fully possest that he was the Deity , which must after a time entertaine them . And this they expected with that great joy , that as oft as one died , in stead of mourning they set forth games and feasts to congratulate his freedome from the troubles of this earthly condition : and the wife onely , whom he loved best ( for they had many ) was thought worthy to be killed by her best friends at her husbands grave , that she might beare him company in the other world : the rest bewailed their neglect , and the residue of their life was to them as a disgrace . When a child was borne , neighbours were called to bemone his entrance into a multitude of calamities ; and in course they reckoned up , what he was to passe before he could go to their god Zalmoxis : for they acknowledged no other : but blasphemed and shot arrowes against the heavens as oft as they heard it thunder . ( 13 ) Their Kings , saith Quadus , are chose by suffrage : and those especially which are best knowne to be most milde ; not young , nor yet a father of any children : for they will not by any meanes admit , that their government should become hereditary . If the Prince himselfe offend , he shall not escape their laws even to death : yet no man may set a hand to his execution , but by a common desertion he is allowed no necessaries to live , and therefore must needs die . Here once raigned Polymnestor , which murdered Pryam's younger sonne Polydorus : And Tereus , and Diomedes , &c. ( 14 ) This Province is now called Romenia , and takes that name from her chiefe City Constantinopolis or Roma nova ; heretofore Bizantium , of great fame from her first building , and that sixe hundred threescore and three yeares before the Incarnation : her founder Pausanias a Lacedemonian . She stands so commodiously and commands the Euxine Sea , the Propontis & Hellespont ; that there can hardly be any passage to or fro betwixt Europe and Asia in those parts , without her leave . And ( likely enough ) that for this cause Constantine the Great when he divided the Empire , chose this for his Easterne seat : and in the yeare three hundred fifteene enlarged it with magnificent buildings , and deckt her in the apparrell of old Rome : from whence he translated hither many ancient and costly monuments ; and faine would have removed her name , but that his subjects out of their endeared affection to their Prince , would heare no other then Constantinopolis the Citie of Constantine . It is in compasse eighteene miles , containes commonly seventie thousand Inhabitants , though almost every third yeare she be visited with a great Pestilence . The other eminent Cities of Thrace are Abdera , Nicopolis , Philopolis , Hadrianopolis , Traianopolis , Phinopolis , Pemithus , &c. The Chersonesus over against Troas in Asia , is called Saint George his Arme : and in it stands Sestos , where the love passed betwixt Leander and Hero. ( 15 ) Macedonia is on the West of Thrace , East of Albania : North of Epirus and Achaia : and South of Misia superior . It had this name from Macedo grand-child to Deucalion , as Solinus gives him . The land is fertile and pleasant : rich with mines of gold and silver : and the qualities of the Inhabitants were heretofore answerable . Their disposition noble and free : their lawes good , and those their owne : their attempts great , and their Kings valiant and victorious . The most renowned were Philip , and ( the greatest one that ever the world knew ) Alexander his son , which conquered the world , and set here the throne of the third Empire . ( 16 ) There are many under-Provinces in Macedonia . The principall is Thessalia , and here stands Triaeca the Bishops Sea of Heliodorus , Authour of that excellent fiction of Theagines and Cariclaea ; though he were too much wedded to a youthfull fable , when he chose rather to forgoe his charge , then disavow his worke . And here likewise is the Pharsalis , famous for the great Battell betwixt Caesar and Pompey . The other Provinces are Aemathia , Pieria , Pelasgia , Eshotis , & Phthiotis , which yeeld matter for many of their stories : and are famous for divers hills and Rivers often mentioned in our ancient Poets . The chiefe are Olympus , Pelion , and Ossa , with their delicious valley , Tempe , Pindus , Nymphaus , Athos , &c. The Rivers Axius and Erigonius . The chiefe Citie in the whole Region was ( in Augustus his time ) Thessalonica , now Salonike , comparable they say in state and merchandize to Naples in Italy . ( 17 ) Albania is on the West of Macedonia , and East of the Adriaticke Sea : North of Epirus , and South of Sclavonia . Her chiefe Cities Albanopolis , and Duractinum , heretofore called Epidammum and Croya . The whole Countrey was inwaded by Amurath , and recovered by George Castriot or Scanderbeg , the terriblest enemy that ever the Turk had . ( 18 ) Epirus in her name carries no more then a firme land , and is a part ( as most esteeme it ) of Albania , but indeed lies some what more Southward , then Albania propria : on the East she is divided from Achaia , by the River Achelous , and on the West is bounded with Montes Acroceraunii ; on the South with the Ionian Sea. It was of old divided into Chaonia , which tooke her name from Chaon , the brother of Helenus : and Acarnania , which is now called Graecia the lesse . The Countrey was fertile and populous , but at this day lyes waste , and breeds better Cattell then men : especially Buls , Sheepe and Dogges of wonderfull bignesse : among the rest extraordinary Mares , which from thence were called Epiroticae . It was the Kingdome of Py●rhus , and of late yeares was governed by George Castriot . ( 19 ) Achaiae is upon the South of Thessalia , East of the River Achel●us : West of the Aegean Sea , and North of Peloponnesus . It containes many famous Provinces , the chiefe are ( 1 ) Attica , and her prime Citie was Athens now Setines : she had her first name from Minerva , whom they honoured as their peculiar goddesse : as being at that time accounted the best learned among the Heathens : and excelled as well in martiall affaires . In a word , they came short to none in wealth , State-policie and what else might make a people happy above expression : so Plinie sets her forth . The second Province is Doris , a tract neere Pernassus Mount , and mother to the most elegant Greeke Dialect . ( 3 ) Aetolia , and in this the City Calydon . ( 4 ) Locris , and Regio Opuntiorum , her chiefe Citie Naupactus , and the famous Lepanto . ( 5 ) Phocis , which can glory in nothing more then the Citie Delphi , where the Oracle of Apollo gave answer ( for many yeares ) to the silly Idolaters . ( 6 ) Beotia , and in this stood Thebes . ( 7 ) Megaris , her principall Citie Megara , and from hence was the Secta Megarica , of which Euclide was chiefe . ( 20 ) Peloponnesus is a peninsula on the South of Graecia , and joyned to the rest by an Isthmus , which is not above five miles in bredth from one Sea to the other , in so much , that it hath been sometimes attempted to be digged through , and was begun by Nero : but the work was found not worth the charge and trouble : It was fenced crosse with a strong wall and five Castles ; which being once destroyed was the second time by many hands erected in five dayes , and called Hexamilium . ( 21 ) This Peninsula is indeed the Fortresse of all Greece : and though it wants much of the ancient glory , which it might well vaunt in the time of Agamemnon , Menelaus , Aiax and the rest : yet is she not so much to be contemned as other parts of this ruinated Countrey , how ever the Turke is her master , and she is now called generally Morea . ( 22 ) Her Provinces were ( 1 ) Corinthia neere the Isthmus , and is named from her chiefe Citie Corinthus : which being fired , melted sundry metals into a confused medly , and made up the Aes Corinthium , held more precious then any other , of its owne simple nature . ( 2 ) Argia , her Common-wealth was heretofore of great note , and her Citie Argos is at this day held pleasant and well seated . And in this likewise stood Epidamnus . ( 3 ) Laconia on the South of the Peninsula : her chief City was Lacedemonia , once Sparta : when Lycurgus gave his Lawes , and is now called Misithra . ( 4 ) Missevia , and her chiefe Cities are Messeve , Mothone , Corone , &c. ( 5 ) Elis. ( 6 ) Achaia propria : and here stood Aegina , and Aegium , and Pateras . ( 7 ) Arcadia once Pelasgia , in the Center almost of Peloponnesus , full of pleasant mountaines , fit for pastue : and is therefore made the Shepheards seene in our renowned Sir Philip Sidneis Poeticall story . Her principall Citie is Megalopolis . ( 23 ) Thus have we passed the Continent of Greece , and want commeth onely to give my Reader a briefe Survey of the Ilands which lye round in the Adriatique , Mediterranean , Ionian and Aegean Seas . But by reason the compasse is so large , and the number so great ▪ the little space which is left me , will scarce admit more then their bare names , which I will set downe , with reference to their next neighbouring Provinces , as I have described them in the Continent . ( 24 ) First then neere Peloponnesus , and in the Ionian Sea , toward Macedonia and Epirus , the chiefe are Aegina , Cythera , the Strophades , Zacynthus , Cephalonia , Ithaca , Echinades , Corcyra or Corphin and Sapho , &c. In the Aegean Sea belonging to Greece , are the Cyclades and Sporades , and over against Thrace , Thassus , Samothracia , Imbrus , and Lemnon Vulcani . Neere Macedonia , Pepanthus , Scopelos , Scyathos , Scyros , Allonnesus , Cicinnethus , Dromus , Seraquinus . Neere Achaia is Euboea now Negroponte a very large Iland : and not farre distant Andros , T●nos , Delos , Rhene , Melos , and many others . The Description of the Romane Empire . VIRTVTE Duce , comite Fortunâ is the word of most Historians , upon the low birth and quicke growth of the state of ROME . For had not matchlesse prowesse , and infallible successe joyned in their full strength to make up an Empire for the world to admire : I see not how she could in so few yeares raise her selfe from so small grounds , to so high a pitch of lustre , as set the whole earth at a gaze , and found us all businesse enough for a time , to doe little else but observe her actions . Looke backe to Romulus her first Founder ; you shall finde him no better man , then the base sonne of a licentious Vestall ; his father not truly known to this day , but simply surmised to be Mars the god of Warre . His mother Rhea , burnt by law for that very fact , in which she conceived him ; and himselfe an out-cast , exposed with his brother Rhemus , to be torne by the wild Beasts . Little hope we see left , for such a Nation to spring from their loynes , had not Fortune lulled them in her owne lappe , and delivered them by meere chance , into the hands of one Faustulus the Kings Shepheard , when they were thus found , the best Writers afford them no better Nurse , then the Shepheards wife , a knowne Strumpet , who for her insatiate lust was called Lupa , and might perhaps occasion the fable of the She - wolfe : She suckled them with no choycer milke then she did her own home-spoone brats ; nor were they bred under Faustulus , to any better fortune then the Sheep-hook : yet no sooner the yonkers were start up to the knowledge of their true birth , but they stript themselves out of their disguise , revenged their mothers death upon their usurping uncle Aemilius Sylvius , restored the Latine Kingdome to the rightfull Numitor , and erected a new Empire for their owne posteritie . ( 2 ) These were the progenie of Aeneas , who arrived here from the Troiane warre , and made love to Lavinia , daughter to Latinus King of the Laurentini . The great combate betwixt him and Turnus the Rutilian , grew upon no other terms then for her faire lookes , which he could not , nor did he peaceably enjoy , till he had vanquished his corrivall , and then he soone fastned himselfe in the right to that Kingdome , and not long after possest it , about the yeare of the world two thousand seven hundred eighty seven . It would not be much to our purpose , to lead you downe steppe by steppe through the succession , till we come to Romulus . All before him , were before this Empire had being ; and therefore out-reach the limme of my story : yet this in briefe , we may recount here , that he was the 17. from Aeneas , and founded Rome in the yeare 3198. ( 3 ) The plot-forme was first cast in a figure of a quadrangle upon the mons Palatinus , for the other sixe noted hils were not then taken in , but added , in after ages , by their severall Kings . It was begunne ( it seemes ) but slight , and the wals raised not very high , when Rhemus could skip them over , in contempt of his brothers poore enterprise : but the mock cost him his life ; he was slaine by Romulus ; and he now left the sole founder to give name to this new building . ( 4 ) Romulus then is their first King , and takes upon him the government of such discontented and masterlesse young Shepheards , as he had raked together to people his Common-wealth ; a crue so scorned of their neighbours , that their daughters denied to joyne in marriage , with such a refuse of men : so that by this means this up-start Nation was like to sink in the birth , for meere want of issue to continue their succession : And without doubt themselves had seene their last man borne , had not their own wit bested them more , then the womens love . For when they saw their worth was not sufficient to wooe fairly with effect , they proclaimed a day for solemne sports , which they presumed ( and rightly too ) would call in their borderers of both sex : and for that purpose had made provision of strength to force the women to their lust , whom they could not intice to their lawfull embraces . The plot held , and the Sabines beare the name to have suffred most in that brutish treacherie ; yet others ( it seemes ) had their part too in the injurie , and joyntly beset them round with strong enemies , which the Romanes notwithstanding shook off with that ease and undaunted courage , that the rest were glad at last to yeeld them truce for their own quiet , and assist them too in their insuing Conquests . ( 5 ) The Citie at this time was not above two miles in circuit ; the Inhabitants not much above the proportion of that little ground , till Romulus had built an Asylum , a Refuge for debucht people ; where the servant might secure himselfe from his master , the murderer from his magistrate , the debtor from his arrest , and each fault from its punishment : and then he soone called in incredible swarmes ( such as they were ) of Latines , Tuscaines , Troians , Arcadians , and made up a Miscellany of people , each brought in the proper sinnes of his owne Countrey , & have there left them as a testimony of their ancestors to this day . ( 6 ) This policy might seeme good at first to make up his number ; For who else ( but such ) would leave a settled state ( though meane ) in a well ordered Kingdome , to apply himselfe to novelties of so uncertaine event ? But in a few yeares their King found that there was more need of a Pistrinum to correct , then an Asylum to shelter his offenders , and therefore was forced to make settled lawes for his Common-wealth ; and cull out a certaine number of the best ordered , to assist him with their counsell , and see execution duly performed upon the rest . These he called Patres or Senatores , and were at first not above one hundred , chosen out of the elder , wealthier , and gravest Citizens , who were either called Patricii , for that they had most of them many children , or Patroni , as being the Patrons of the Plebeii , or poorer sort , which were therefore oft-times called Clientes , as having no businesse of action in the Common-wealth , scarce so much as to require their owne right , unlesse under the protection of some one or other of the Patricii , yet afterward both the number of Senators was increased to 200. and at last 300. and the Plebeii too in time had the priviledge to be elected into their society . ( 7 ) No sooner Romulus had thus set the forme , but while he was yet in speech to the people at a set assembly , a tempest rose , the skies darkened , and a trick was found to juggle him cleane out of their sight , as if at this instant he had beene wrapt into the heavens . He past not ( it seemes ) to lose his life , so that he might gaine the opinion of a god . For so the Romanes beleeved ; and it was confirmed by one Proculus , who pretended to have seene him after his change , and received a charge from his deitie , that he should be thence-forward honoured in Rome as her tutelare . In briefe , the more likely surmise of his manner of death is , that in the storme he was cut in pieces by some of his Senators , who had either suffered under his tyranny , or at least had hope to raise themselves by his fall . ( 8 ) Their second King was Numa Pompilius , religious in his kind beyond all others , and ordained in Rome a set forme to worship their gods , invested Priests and Sooth-sayers to performe their rites , and foretell things to come : committed the Vestall fire to virgins , to be kept as a perpetuall watch over the Empire , in an emulation to the bright starres of heaven , which were never extinguisht : and in briefe , civilized the people so far as they began now , ( and scarce till now ) to have a sense of morall goodnesse , a moderate love to themselves mixt with some equitie towards others . ( 9 ) Their third Tullus Hostilius stirred them up first with the desire of true honour , and inabled them by martiall discipline to provoke the Albanes , a Nation then of long standing , and great fame through most parts of Italy ; yea so equall was their prowesse , that open warre might well lessen their severall strengths , but not determine the conquest , till by the tried fortune of the Horatii , & Curatii , brothers on each partie , it stoopt at last to Rome , beyond her owne hope : for she had at last but one Champion left of her Horatii , against the three others , who were notwithstanding by a feigned flight of their own adversary drawne severally out into single combate , and successively fell by the sword of the Romane victor . Alba was now carried captive to Rome , and gave up her honours as a Trophie to this new-born Empire . ( 10 ) Ancus Martius their fourth King enlarged her wals , joyned those ports of the Citie , which were before severed by the River Tyber , with a large bridge . Their next Tarquinius Priscus was a Corinthian , and knew well how to use his Greek wit , with a Romane valour . Nor peace nor warre could over-match him . He triumpht over the Tuscaines , and was the first which entred the Citie in a chariot royall , drawne with foure horses , and first indeed that ordained the vestments , and ensigns of honour , which were after in frequent use , to stirre up the souldier to deserving actions . map of the Roman Empire A NEW MAPPE OF THE ROMANE EMPIRE newly described by Iohn Speede and are to bee sould in pops head alley by G. Humble 1626 ( 12 ) Tarquinius Superbus was the seventh and last King , proud and cruell , yet that too though it cost him his crown , enlarged the Kingdom to the Romanes : for it prevailed upon many strong Provinces of Italy , which they after enjoyed with better hearts , and ruled with more equitie , then he used in the unjust oppression of his neighbours . His name was grown odious when the lust of his son Tarquinius wronged the chast Lucretia , both together stirred the people to disrobe him of his title , and bethink themselves of some other forme of government , which might found more of the Romane libertie . ( 13 ) This varietie had took up hitherto scarce 245. yeares since the Citie was first built , a time too short for her greatnesse , if we compare her with the progresse of other Nations : yet to her own ensuing fortunes , it is esteemed but her child-hood , her infancie : while she had not yet spake , nor the world well heard of her actions , farther then her owne home , and her Countries neere about . She began now to feele her strength , and when she had first freed her selfe from the oppression of her home-bred Tyrant : she soon after spread her Armes over all Italy , and her fame through most parts of the world . Her power was now no more at the disposing of one King , but designed over into the hands of two aged and wise Citizens , of their owne ( though the best ) ranke : and this they were to use , rather as feoffees in trust , then free possessors ; wherefore the Romans baulkt the insolencie , which their last King had before practised , both in the name of their new Governours , for they were called onely Consules , à consulendo ; and in their terme of Government , for it became now annuall , which was not before limited unlesse by death : and lastly , by their ensignes of state , their twelve lictors and fasces , which were not allowed to both , but to each in turns for their severall moneth . And this went on without breach almost six yeares , till the Romanes thought fit to correct their laws by the Greek copie ; and therefore deputed three of their best esteemed subjects to see Athens , to peruse their orders and customes , of which the world had then a great opinion : for it was indeed the mother of learning . ( 14 ) They returned them written at first in ten tables made of brasse ; two more were soone after added , and together were distinguished from their owne municiple lawes by the name of Leges 12. tabularum . The Consuls power was now taken off , and this was their rule of justice , put into the hands of tenne , whom they called Decemviri . Each ruled in his turne , and ( for that course ) had a power wel-nigh as large as their Kings or Consuls , else differed little at other times from a private Roman . This begunne some 303. yeares after their first founder , and had continued but three , when Appius laid false claime to Virginia for his bondmayd , that indeed he might dishonour her as his strumpet . By this meanes he doubly provoked the Commons , both with her injuries , and her fathers sorrow , who was forced to murder his owne daughter , to quit her from the lust of the Decemviri : and therefore they took revenge , not upon him onely , but his office ; abrogated the Decemviratus , and returned the authority into the hands of Consuls as before : yet so , as oft-times by intercourse the Tribuni militum put in for a consulary soveraigntie , and was admitted to the same dignitie , though not the name , which the Patritii only referred to themselves as their royaltie . It was first procured by the importunate motion of the Commons , that they might be equally capable of the Consul-ship . To this , though the nobilitie would not give their full assent in all circumstances , yet were they constrained for their own peace to yeeld in effect , and mince it with another title of Tribuni plebis Consulare potestate . ( 15 ) Vnder these formes of government for three hundred years after the fall of Tarquinius , to Appius Claudius & Q. Fulvius Coss. They were still in growth , but not yet come to their state of honors : and therefore Florus rightly styles it the youth of Rome in comparison to the age of man. In this while their most famous stories are the warre with Porsenna , some eight yeares after their first Consuls : the creation of Dictators and Tribunes of the people within twenty ; the injuries of M. Coriolanus , and attempt against his own Countrey uot long after : the construction of many set laws , which continued in force to after ages : the Lex Agraria , Publia , de Aventino , Tarpeia , of the twelve tables , Clodia , Aemilia , de Ambitu , de Mulctis , &c. the Censors first created about 68. years after the Regi-fugium : the conspiracie of the Servants some 92. after : many victories in the interim , and Rome her selfe at last taken by the Galls , but freed by Camillus about the 120. Marcus Curtius casts himselfe into the pit to preserve his Countrey : more laws are made ; the first Punike war waged , all within 120. and odde years after Rome was surprised : some 28. after that , the Bellum Ligusticum and Ianus Temple the second time shut : then the Bellum Illyricum , Gallicum Cisalpinum , and ( the last of this age , ) the second Punike warre . ( 16 ) By this time Italy was subdued , and now she swept on with full sayle , and confirmed strength : and about twenty after was able to resist the Macedonian , made warre with Perses , set on to the third Punike warre ; wasted Carthage , and then Numantia : tooke Armes against Iugurtha , all in lesse compasse of years then one hundred : and about this time was the Eagle tooke up by Marius for the Romane ensigne . Soone after was the Bellum Marsicum , and Mithridaticum : Catilines conspiracie , and the noble acts of those great Heroes , Scylia and Cicero , Caesar and Pompey , and the rest , which removed the Greeke Empire to Rome , and made her the seat of the fourth Monarchy about seven hundred and three yeares after the Citie was built , fortie eight before Christ. ( 17 ) Hitherto ( though with some change and curbe ) they continued the succession of Consuls , till Iulius Caesar returned from Spaine with victory over Pompeys sonnes : and then the Senate , expressing more worship to him , then fore-sight of their owne future mischiefe , invented new titles of singular honour , call him Pater patriae , Consul in Decennium , Dictator in perpetuū , Sacro-sanctus and Imperator , all which himselfe made good , not in bare name onely , as perhaps they meant , but in short space gathered a power equall to their flattery , and by his owne strength kept , what was only theirs to give : till by Brutus and Cassius he was slain in the Senate , and then the rule fell for a short while to a Triumviratus , which began and ended with Octavius Caesar , Antonius and Lepidus . After ten years the whole Empire was left to Octavius , and his titles were Augustus Caesar , and Imperator : they continue to his successors to this day . ( 18 ) Rome as yet sinkes not in her glory , but goes fairely on with full victory , till the Imperiall seat was removed to Bizantium , and after divided into the East and West by Theodosius . Betwixt these whiles was a great part of the world still called in , to inlarge their Dominions , and our selves among the rest , though with some difficultie , were forced to yeeld Britaine a Province to Caesar , and the Romane Empire . For let us take her limits at their best advantage ; and she was on the West bounded with the Atlantick Ocean ; on the East with the River Tigris in Asia : on the North with Rhene and Danubius in Europe , and on the South with the mount Atlas in Africa : They containe these severall Provinces , almost in order ( of time ) as they were subdued . Italy , parts of Africa , Spaine , and Germany , Britaine , Illiricum , Diburnia , Dalmatia , Achaia , Macedonia , and Dardania , Maesia , and Thracia , Pontus , Armenia minor , Mesopotamia , Parthia , Arabia , Iudaea , Cilicia , Syria , Aegypt , Cantabria , Austria , Alpes Maritimae , Rhetia , Norricum , Pannonia , Armenia maior , and the Ilands round , so Ortelius marshals them . ( 19 ) We must omit for want of space many eminent turnes of Fortune which Rome suffered in these interims , and take her now as at that time she was in her full height of honour ; in compasse fiftie miles , seated on the River Tyber fifteen from the Sea : on her wals were raised 740. turrets , fit to receive provision on warre for defence of the Citie in time of siege . Livie numbers her 37. gates , and her foundation was pitcht upon seven hils : ( 1 ) Palatinus , which ( as some say ) gave the name to our Kings Palaces . ( 2 ) Capitolinus , upon which was built the Capitoll , delivered from the Gals by the gaggling of geese . ( 3 ) Viminalis . ( 4 ) Aventinus , from whence their condemned persons were cast into the River Tyber . ( 5 ) Esquilinus . ( 6 ) Caelius , where once stood the chiefe Councel-house for the Senators . ( 7 ) Quirinalis . You may not expect here an exact description ; take at large the speech of the Emperor Constantius , when with wōder he beheld the Campus Martius , the Sepulchre of Augustus , the Forum , Temples , Bathes , Theaters , the Arcus triumphales , Aquaducts , statenesse , and infinite other Monuments , he gave a briefe epitomy of her antique glory ; that Nature had spent her selfe in the making up of that one Citie , as if we might not hope to see the like in after-ages : and true enough it is , that she could not long support her selfe in that state of honour , but ( as a string stretcht to the utmost ) cracks on the sudden . ( 20 ) No sooner she was once divided , but she lay open as a prey to the Goths , Hunns , Vandals , Alani , Burgundians and Lombards : all now left of the Empire , is almost a naked title , and that scarce heard of in Rome : for it hath it seat in Germany , and is conferred upon some Christian Prince by the suffrages of the seven Electors . The spirituall ( 1 ) Arch-bishop of Mentz , Chancellour of the Empire through all Germany . ( 2 ) Arch-bishop of Cullen , Chancelour of the Empire through Italy . ( 3 ) Arch-bishop of Triers , Chancellour of the Empire through all France . The Temporall ( 4 ) Count Palatine of Rhene , Arch-sewer to the Emperour . ( 5 ) Duke of Saxonie , Lord Marshall . ( 6 ) Marquesse of Brandenberge , Chiefe Chamberlaine ; and ( 7 ) in case of equalitie of voyces among the other sixe , the King of Bohemia casts the Diademe into whose lap he pleaseth . ( 21 ) For the state of Rome as now it is , and what else concerns the Empire since the removall of the seat royall , I referre my Reader either to the descriptions of Italy and Germany , or at least to some other moderne Authors , who have scope to write more at large : my intent here was briefly to set downe the beginning , increase , top and limits of the ancient Romans government . ¶ The Description of GERMANY . GERMANY is continued with Belgia , and lyeth next East-ward in our course toward Asia . We shall find them oft-times no otherwise distinguisht , then by the termes of higher and lower , greater and lesser Germany . And indeed as this is the largest portion of the whol● Region , which is known by that name : so is it the largest Region of our whole quarter , which is knowne entirely by any one name . ( 2 ) As for her antiquitie ; it doth not onely compare her to the rest of Europe : but compares Europe her selfe with any other part of the second world , which accounts her years but from Noahs Flood , or the confusion of Tongues . For this purpose we had before occasion , in our generall Descriptions , to mention the originall of the Germane Kingdomes : and that ( as you may remember ) was drawne by Chronologers from Tuisco ( some say ) the sonne of Noah , which lived soon after the world was repaired , and began his Empire about thirty yeares from the fall of Babel . ( 3 ) It appeares sufficiently upon the record of received Historians , that in the time of their Idolatry , they worshipped one Thyst or Tuisco , as a God which sprang from the earth : and to this day , as I heare , there is a street about Cullen called Deutsch , and is thought as yet to retain a sound of the name of Tuisco : for there he is supposed to have kept his residency . Whether thus or no , I leave it to my Authors proofe , and my Readers judgement to beleeve or reject as it shall seeme best . All I can inforce is , that doubtlesse the Germanes were an ancient people : and that they might challenge , had they no other testimony to shew for it , then her very names of Tuiscia or Teutscke , Theuschland , Almania , and Teutonia , by which she was known , in severall ages , long before the Romanes gave her this last appellation of Germany . ( 4 ) Tuiscia , Teutsch or Theuschlant was received from her first King , and Almania from her second , the sonne of Tuisco , who ( as their Story gives it with equall credit as it doth the rest ) was likewise worshipped for a God , by the name of Mannus : The same account is rendred for Teutonia , from Teuto a Captaine of the Germanes : and their ninth from Tuisco . Vnder these they continued , till the Romanes entry , after their Conquest over the Gals : for whose likenesse to them both in feature , and colour , in goodly portraiture and carriage of their wars , they were from that time called Germany , as if brothers to the Gaules . Yet there are two , which compound the name of the Teutonike words Gar or Ger , which signifieth all or wholly , and man , which retaines with us its prime signification of Man : as if they were all men to the proofe : or as others interpret , as if they were a mixt Nation of all sorts of men from severall Countries . ( 5 ) But this last agrees not with the conjecture of some Geographers , that Germany hath not changed her Inhabitants since she was first possest : quoniam non est verisimile ( saith one ) aliquos Asiâ , aut Africâ aut quidem Italiâ relicta Germaniam pettisse , terris informem , Coelo asperam , cultu tristem , aspectúque minimè nisi indigenis gratam . And this indeed differs not much from the report of Mela , Tacitus , & other ancient Writers . But the reason I hold not good : for howsoever it might be true in their times of some , and the most part perhaps of Germany ( as it was then limited ) that it was sylvis horrida , paludibus faeda , et fluviorum cursibus praepedita , montium anfractibus exasperata ob idque maximè invia : yet now she hath changed her hue , and by the help of good husbandry is become so fertile and pleasant : by the large additions to her Territories in these our after ages is growne so populous , that she vayles not to France , Spaine , or Italy it selfe , saith Quadus . ( 6 ) By her first Geographers she was limited on the West with the River Rhene , on the east with Ietula , on the south with Danubius : each of these tracts have won upon their neighbouring Countries : and inlarged the compasse of Germany to a double extent of what it was before : For on the West she passeth Rhene as farre as ●icardy and Burgundy , parts of France . Eastward is the German tongue and Empire exercised over the Region of Prussia . Southward she reacheth beyond Danubius to the very Alpes , which border upon Italy . North-ward she hath ever kept her owne , but hath beene curbd indeed from seeking new Kingdomes , in that tract , by the maine Ocean , which divides her in part from Swevia , Norway , &c. And to these limits we apply our Description . No marvaile if it give her more honor , then she had in former times . For her compasse now is reckoned to be 2600. English miles . Her ground fertile enough of it selfe : and yet besides enjoyes the benefit of many Navigable Rivers , which inrich her with trafique from other Kingdomes . ( 7 ) Those of greatest fame are , ( 1 ) Danubius the largest of Europe , called by Pliny and others Ister . It takes in sixtie Navigable Rivers ; and is at last discharged by many passages into the Pontus Euxinus . ( 2 ) Rhene , which hath its rising from the Alpes , and runnes into the German Ocean . From thence have we our best Rhenish Wines : and upon his bankes stands the Citie Strasburg . ( 3 ) Amasus Ems , which glides by Westphalia into the German Sea. ( 4 ) Maemu Megu , whose head is in the Mountaines of Bohemia , and from thence passeth by Francfort into the German Sea. ( 5 ) Albis Elve , which riseth from eleven Fountains meeting into one , about the Sylva Hircinia . ( 6 ) Odeca , which hath not his passage immediately into the Sea , but into the River Albis . The middle mark of this Countrey is the Kingdome of Bohemia , incompassed with the Sylva Hircinia . ( 8 ) The chiefe Commodities of Germany are Corne , Wine , Salt , Metals of all sorts , Fruits good store , Saffron , &c. The Ayre wholesome , her Baths healthfull , her Gardens pleasurable : her Cities faire , her Castles strong , and her Villages very many and well peopled . ( 9 ) The Inhabitants have put off their ancient rudenesse , as the Countrey her barrennesse . They are as goodly of person as ever , as stout as ever , and farre more civill , then in the time of the Romanes . It seems they were then esteemed but an ignorant and simple people : more able to fight then to manage a battaile . They were ever hardy enough , but wanted Commanders of their owne , of skill and judgement . Since they have had Commerce with other Nations : and have suffered the upbraid ( as it were ) of their Predecessors dulnesse : they have beene ( in a manner ) shamed out of it , and are now become , rather by industrie , then wit , a most ingenious people , and skilfull in the Latine , Greeke , and Hebrew learning , famous beyond any others in Europe , unlesse Belgia , for the invention of many notable and usefull Engines . The Gun and Gun-powder was first brought to light by one Bertholdus Swart a Franciscan , which hath almost put by the use of any other warlike Instrument , in those parts of the world , where the practise is perfectly understood . Generally the poorer sort are excellent Mechanikes , and the rest for the most part Schollers . ( 10 ) It bred Albertus Magnus , Appian , Gesuer , Munster , Luther , Vrsin , Zwinglius , Scultetus , Iunius , Keckerman , and many others in their severall kinds and Religions : some Papists , some Lutherans , some Calvinists , and among the rest many Iewes . map of Germany A. NEWE MAPE OF GERMANY Newly Augmented by Iohn Speed Ano. Dom : 1626 ( 12 ) The first which injoyed the institution of Pope Gregory was Radulphus Nabs purgensis , 1273. after twelve yeares interregnum . The last before him , was our Richard Earle of Cornwall , and brother to Henry the third , King of England . Since it hath continued firme in this course of Election , howsoever not with that liberty as was intended . For commonly the Emperour in being , while he hath his power about him , and can ( at least ) intreat , if not command the Subjects of the Empire , promise a choice of the Rex Romanorum , who is no other then a successor designed to rule after his death , or resignation . And by this meanes it hath a long time continued in the house of Austria without any intermission . ( 13 ) Thus we see much plotting , great state , many ceremonies to the making up of an Emperour : and yet when it is well weighed , it is little better then a bare title . For howsoever these outward observances of the German Princes make shew of an humble subjection to the Emperour : yet when it comes to trial , he hath very little to do● in their Governments : But each of them takes upon him as a free and absolute Commander in his owne Countrey : permitteth or suppresseth the Religion , which he either likes or dislikes ; makes and abrogates Lawes at pleasure , stamps Coyn , raiseth Souldiers , and sometimes against their great Master , as the Duke of Saxoni● against Charles the fifth , and at this day divers others in defence of the Prince Palatine . For of this quality and power there are many Dukes , Marqueses , Counts , &c. besides 64. Franc Cities , which make onely some slight acknowledgement to the Emperour : appeare perhaps at his Parliaments ; and ( they say ) are bound to furnish him at need with 3842. hor●e ( among them ) and 16200. foot . ( 14 ) The chiefest Regions of Germany , best knowne to us , and noted by our Geographers with a more eminent Character then the rest , are these . ( 1 ) East Friz●land . ( 2 ) Westphalia . ( 3 ) Cullen . ( 4 ) Munster . ( 5 ) Triers . ( 6 ) Cleve . ( 7 ) Gulick . ( 8 ) Hassia . ( 9 ) Alsatia . ( 10 ) Helvetia . ( 11 ) Turingia . ( 12 ) Brunswicke and Luneburg . ( 13 ) Franconia . ( 14 ) Palatinatus Rhene . ( 15 ) Wittenburg . ( 16 ) Ausper . ( 17 ) Bayden . ( 18 ) Mentz . ( 19 ) Bamberg . ( 20 ) Weirstberg . ( 21 ) Saxonia . ( 22 ) Anhalt . ( 23 ) Mansfield . ( 24 ) S●evia ( 25 ) Bavaria . ( 26 ) Brandeburg . ( 27 ) ●usatia . ( 28 ) Tirolum . ( 29 ) Misnia . ( ●0 ) Bohemia . ( 31 ) Silesia ( 32 ) Moravia . ( 33 ) ●omerania . ( 34 ) Mecklinburg . ( 35 ) Austria . ( 15 ) East-Frizeland is on the West side of Germany , and bounded with the North Sea. Her chiefe Towne is Embden . ( 2 ) Westphalia is on the South of East Frizeland . It is most famous for Swine and excellent Bacon , which is esteemed with us , one of our greatest dainties to commend a feast . Part of it belongs to the three next Bishops , of Cullen , Munster , and Triers . ( 3 ) Cullen her Arch-bishop is an Elector . The chiefe Towne was called Vbiopolis , afterward Agrippina , and lastly Cullen , from a Colony which was there planted by the French. It is a received tradition among the Inhabitants , that the bodies of the Wisemen , which came from the East to worship Christ are here interred . None almost , but hath heard of the three Kings of Cullen . ( 4 ) Munster . Her chiefe Citie is Munster , notable since the yeare 1533. at which time a company of brainsicke Anabaptists named it Ierusalem , and raised them a new Governour , by the title of the King of Sion . ( 5 ) Triers . Her Arch-bishop an Elector . Her chiefe Citie Triers , of great antiquitie , founded by Trebeta the sonne of Ninius ; and Bopport sackt by our Earle Richard , King of the Romanes . ( 16 ) ( 6 ) Clivia or Cleave-land , a Dukedome of name . Her chiefe Cities are Wesell , Emrick , and Cleve . Her Commoditie the Tophus-stone , of which they make Cement . ( 7 ) Iuliacum , Gulick a Dutchy . Her principall City is Aken or Aquisgranum , where the Emperour receives his Silver Crowne for Germany ; and doth great worship to a clout , which they take to be our Saviours mantle , in which he was wrapped . ( 8 ) Hassia , a mountainous Countrey , but fruitful . Her Metropolis Marpurgum an Vniversitie : and the chiefe place of her Lant-grave is Cassels . It comprehends likewise the Countes of Nassaw and Hanaw ( 9 ) Alsatia . Her chiefe Citie is S●r●sburg , famous for a Clocke of wonderfull art and a Tower of five hundred seventy eight paces high . Other Townes here are of note , as Bing , Wormes , Confluence , and Andernach . ( 10 ) Helvetia , Switzerland on the East of France , and North of Italy . It containes thirteene Cantons . Zurich , Berne , Lucerne , Vraenia , Glavis , Zugh ▪ Basell , Friburg , Vnderwalt , Solour , Shaffnansen , Ape●sol , and Suits . Her chiefe Cities are Zurike or Tigurum , whe●● Zwinglius was martyred : And Sengall or Civitas Sancti Galli , and Basell , where a generall Councel was decreed to be above the Pope : in the yeare , one thousand foure hundred thirty one . ( 17 ) Turingia . Her Prince a Lant-grave . Her ground though not of large extent , not above twelve German miles either in length or bredth ( saith Maginus , ) yet it is very rich , it comprehends twelve Counties , as many Abbies , a hundred fourty foure Cities , as many Townes , above two thousand Villages , two hundred and fiftie Castles . Her Metropolis is Erford . ( 12 ) Brunswick on the East of Westphalia , a Dukedome : whose principall Cities are Brunswick , Halberstade , Wolsheiten , and Luneburgh , which gives title to another Dukedome , whose chiefe seat is Cella . ( 18 ) ( 13 ) Franconia . It lyeth on the West of Turingia , and joynes to Hassia Northward . The Inhabitants were converted to Christianity by Boniface . In this Province stands Franckefort , famous for her two Marts every yeare , and Noremberg ; within the territories are comprehended the seven other which belong to this section . ( 14 ) The Palatine of Rhene , some seventy two miles from North to South , and from East to West ninety sixe . Her chiefe Citie is Heidelberge . Her Prince an Elector , and hath many more priviledges then the other sixe . In the vacancy he is Governour of a great part of Germany . ( 15 ) Wirtenberge . The chiefe Townes are Tubing an Vniversity , Studgard , &c. ( 16 ) Auspech , a Marquisate . Her chiefe Town Auspech . ( 17 ) Baden , a Marquisate , pleasant and fruitfull , betwixt the Rivers Rhene and Neccar . Her chiefe Cities are Turlach and Baden , in which there be Bathes that cure many diseases . ( 18 ) Mentz ▪ Moguntia , a Bishoprick . The Prince is a Spirituall Elector , and sits alwaies at the right hand of the Emperour . ( 19 ) Bamberg , a Bishoprick of it selfe of large rev●newes . In this stand Fochia , where they say Pontius Pilate was borne . ( 20 ) Weirstberg . Her Bishop is intituled Duke of Franconia . ( 19 ) ( 21 ) Saxoni● on the East of Hassia , and South of Br●nswick ▪ and North of Turingia . In this Province was Luther borne at Isleben . Within her bounds are likewise comprehended these two other Principalities of Anhalt and Mansfield . ( 22 ) Anhalt , whose Governour with great courage and power bore Armes in defence of the Palatines right to the Kingdome of Bohemia . ( 23 ) Mansfield an Earledome , the more famous for the valiant acts of the present Count , who to this day wars upon the Emperours party , in the behalfe of the Illustrious Palatine , and his unparalleled Lady Elizabeth , Sister to his Royall Majesty of England . ( 20 ) ( 24 ) Swevia on the South of Franconia . It is a Countrey full of people , and those of goodly personage : great wit and valiant . In this Province is the head of Danubius , and runs through the middle of the Countrey . Her chiefe Townes are Vlme , Lindawe , and Auspurg , or Augusta Vindelicorum , Norlingen , &c. ( 25 ) Bavaria on the South of Bohemia and ●ranconia . There is both the upper and lower Bavaria . Of the first , the chief Cities are Muchen , Ingolstad● , Frising ; and about thirty foure Townes more equall to most Cities of the lower Bavaria : the principall are Ratisbone , Patavium , Pussan , Lanshutum , and Saltspurge . In this City lyeth buried Paracelsus . ( 26 ) Brandeburge : on the East of Saxonie , a Marquisate of five hundred and twenty miles in compasse . It was heretofore inhabited by the Vand●les . The Metropolis is Brandeburge , and Francfort ad Odicum : for so it is distinguished from the other Francfort in Franconia , and Berlium . Here are fifty five Cities , and sixty foure Townes . ( 27 ) Lusatia , it lookes Westward toward Saxony . The chiefe Citie is Gorlitzia . ( 28 ) Tyrolum , on the South of Bavaria , and East of Helvetia . Her chief cities are Oonipous , Inspruck , Brixen , Tridentum , Trent , where the Generall Councel was held , one thousand five hundred fourtie sixe . ( 29 ) Misnia , on the East of Lusatia , a fruitfull Region . Her chiefe Cities are Misnia , Drisden , Lipsia , a place of learning , and Torga : many Writers place this Province with Saxonie . ( 21 ) ( 30 ) Bohemia , on the South of Saxonie and Misnia , encompassed with the Sylva Hircinia , a fruitfull and pleasant Countrey . It may deserve a particular description of it selfe : and therefore I will mention it here with no other solemnitie , then I doe the rest of Germany . Her Metropolis is Prage , which was taken by the Imperialists in this last quarrell , the King and Queene ( being at that time ) in the Church celebrating Gods service , were forced suddenly to flye for their safetie into Silesia . ( 31 ) Silesia Eastward from part of Bohemia : two hundred mile long , and eightie one broad , a fruitfull Countrey : the people valiant . Her principall Cities are Breselare , and Neisse . ( 32 ) Moravia , on the East of Bohemia , and South of Silesia . Her chiefe Cities are Almusium , Olmutz , and Brin . ( 33 ) Pomerania . It is bounded on the East with Istula ; on the North with the Baltick Ocean . Her Metropolis is Stetin . Others chiefe are Wolgast , Wallin , &c. On the West of this Region stands ( 34 ) Mecklinburg or Megalopolis , a place Provinciall of it selfe , and hath Townes of note , Malchawe , Rostock , &c. ( 22 ) ( 35 ) Austria , an Arch-Dukedome , it lieth upon Hungarie , and is esteemed by the Germans the Easterne bound of the Empire . It was formerly called Pannonia superior . It is a rich Countrey . Her chiefe Cities are Vienna , famous for beauty , wealth , and learning : Emps , Sr. Leopald , &c. There are reckoned to this Region the Provinces of Styria , Carinthia , Carinola , and by some Tirolum . The Description of the Kingdom of Bohemia . IN our Description of Germany , we reckoned Bohemia but as a Province among the rest : and therefore she was mentioned there with no more solemnitie , then the other parts were . We purpose here to declare it an intire Kingdome of it selfe : which besides her own compasse ( as she is most commonly limited by Geographers ) hath under-subjects , Dukedomes and Marquisates , such as doe her homage , and make her well worthy of a particular Historie , then we had before roome for . ( 2 ) The ancient Inhabitant of these parts was the Bemorum magna gens , as Ptolemie cals it ; and placeth it somewhat South , toward Danubius und●r Suna sylva . After them , the Boii , a people of Gallia Lugdunensis , which had been before conquered by Caesar ( saith Quadus ) and packt over the Alpes to seek them a new seat in Italy . But when they found the Romanes too hotte for their abode there , they were forced to trudge farther , and to passe the River Rhene into Germany , as Strabo witnesseth , where they found them a fit place to lurk in , compassed with a large Wood called the Sylva Hercinia : and like enough they joyned in with the Bemi , to make up the name of Bohemia . But neither here did they enjoy their peace long : for they were in time nessled out by a potent people of Swevia , called Marcomanni : and they again had the like measure from the Slavonians , a barbarous crue , which came in upon them , under the conduct of an exiled murderer of Croatia , one Zechius , about the yeare five hundred and fiftie . ( 3 ) From that time there hath beene no generall expulsion● but the present Bohemians are the progeny of those Sclavonians , whose very language and customes are in use among them at this day . Doubtlesse it was at first a rude Common-wealth , that had no other Governours , but so ungoverned a multitude : for so they continued above an hundred years after Zechius . But when they had for a time endured the misery of such a confusion , they were content to agree upon some one for their Prince , that might rule them : and the first which they elected was Crocus , a man of great esteeme among them for his wisdome and goodnesse . ( 4 ) Till the time of Vratislaus it had the title of a Dukedome onely . He was the first King , and was created by Henry the fourth of Germany , anno one thousand eighty sixe . Yet after that againe , for the succession of sixe Princes , it was governed by Dukes . For the second King was Vladislaus the third , crowned by Fredericke the Emperour , in the yeare one thousand one hundred fiftie nine : and the third , Primaslaus , Crowned by the Emperour Philip , one thousand one hundred ninetie nine : after sixe other Dukes from his Predecessor Vladislaus the third . It hath beene now long since fully settled into a Kingdome : and is the title of the right Noble Frederike Count Elector Palatine of the Rhene , and husband to the illustrious Elizabeth , Daughter to our late Soveraigne King IAMES . They were both Crowned at Prague in the yeare , one thousand sixe hundred and nineteene : but have beene enforced ever since , to maintaine their right by continuall warres , against Ferdinand the second , who by vertue of an adoption , which declared him successor to Matthias , layes claime to the Crowne of Bohemia . But the case was before decided in their third Vladislaus , who though as deeply interessed to the Kingdome , as Ferdinand could be : yet for that he had past no legall election , according to their Customes and Priviledges , he was deposed by the States , and Vldarilaus chose in his roome . ( 5 ) There remains no great difficultie , concerning the name . It appeares sufficiently , to proceed either from her first people , or first Prince , who ( as some report ) was one Boemus . And t is worth observing , that though this Land hath in sundry ages , beene so often ransackt , and possest by strangers , and Tyrants : yet in her name she constantly preserves the memorie onely of her first Natives , and hath not suffered that change , as we have done , from Albion to Britaine , from Britaine to England . And so indeed it is with almost all which have beene equally subject to the like Invasions . ( 6 ) The scituation of this Kingdome is almost in the middest of Germany , and is easily descried in our common Maps , by the Hircinian Forrest , held in the Romans time , to be nine dayes journey in bredth , and in length at least forty . So Caesar in his sixth Com : It closeth Bohemia on every side , insomuch that ( to shew ) they are not unlike an Amphitheater , it is Maginus his comparison . The severall parts of this Wood are knowne by divers names , which they take from the Countrey adjacent . The portion North West , is by Strabo called Gabreta Sylva , that South toward Danubius ▪ Luna Sylva by Ptolemy , non Sylva Passarica : and so the rest . Without this wall of Bohemia ( as Quadus calls it ) her limits are on the West Franconia , on the North Lusatia , and Misnia : on the South Bavaria and Austria : on the East Moravia and Sile●ia . The figure of it is in a manner circular : and the diameter is esteemed three dayes journey to a quick travailour . The circuit containes five hundred and fiftie miles , of good ground , fertile and pleasant , enricht as well by her Rivers , as Land Commodities . ( 7 ) Her principall are ( 1 ) Albis Elve , which hath his rising in the Hercinian Wood , and the name from eleven Fountaines , which meet in one , at the head of the River . For Elve or Elbe in the Germane tongue signifies eleven . It runs through a great part of the Countrey , and by the chiefe Citie Prague , and at last vents it selfe into the German Ocean . Of this Lucan thus : Fundat ab extremo flav●s Aquilone Suevos Albis & indomitum Rheni caput — ( 2 ) Multaria Mulda . ( 3 ) Egra , which gives a name to a Town . ( 4 ) Sassava . ( 5 ) Gisera . ( 6 ) Missa . And ( 7 ) Vatto . They are received all into the River Albis , yeeld excellent Salmon , and plentie . ( And if we wil beleeve report , ) there is oft-times found in the sands , lumps of pure gold , which need no other refining , and very pretious shels of great value . ( 8 ) It seemes the water supplies that only defect which is to be found in their Land. For it is to be observed to be full with Mines of all sorts of Metals , Gold onely excepted . Their Tinne was found out by an English-man of Cornwall , in the yeare , one thousand two hundred and forty ; one belike which had beene skilled in that worke , in his owne Countrey : for it is said , that at that time there was no Tinne knowne else-where in Europe . The earth gives good Corne , and their pastures breed as good Cattell . There is Wood good store , as there are Woods which harbour multitudes of wild Beasts , Foxes , Beares , Harts , Bulls , and others : which afford them sport in the Hunting , and meate for the best mans Tables . Among the rest there is a wild Beast , which they call Lomi , armed by nature with a strange defence against the Hounds which follow her . For they s●y , she hath a kind of bladder , hanging under her jawes , which in the Hunting she fils with a scalding hot water , and casts it upon the Dogs , with that nimblenesse , that they are not able to avoyd or pursue her : but oft-times have their very haire fall oft , as from a drest Pigge . The Countrey is generally rich in Saffron , and other Medicinall drugges : Wine it hath too , but not so kinde or pleasing as in other places : in so much that the richer sort furnish themselves out of Austria , Hungarie , and the Regions about , which they in lieu of it , supply with excellent Beere . For they are held very good at the art of brewing , and not behind-hand at drinking when they have done . It is said ( of the meaner sort I suppose ) that if once they set to a Vessell of good liquor , they will not loose it till they have found it emptie . map of Bohemia BOHEMIA Newly described by Iohn Speed Anno Dom : 1626 ( 10 ) For matter of learning , they have not beene very famous heretofore : howbeit now , the better parts are not now behind with the other parts of Germany . The chiefe of note , were Iohn Husso , and Hierome of Prague , two worthy members of the Church . They were condemned for Heretiques in the Councel of Constance , one thousand foure hundred and foure teene , for attempting a reformation of such errours , as they held not agreeable with the word of God. But yet their sufferings could not dead the good seed , which they had sowne in the true hearted . It lives still among them in some measure : though they have been often assayed by strange Impostures in Religion , such as the heart of man could not conceive , without a strong and extraordinary working of that great deceiver . ( 11 ) I cannot passe the most wicked couzenage of Picardus , who possest great multitudes of these silly people , with an opinion , that he could recall them to that perfect state in which Adam was created : placed them in an Island for that purpose , which he called Paradise , caused them to walke naked , and named this Sect Adamites . Horrible sinnes were committed under that pretence , promiscuous whoredome and incest at their very Divine Service . It is feared that at this day , there are many secret professors , which live under ground , meete at their solemnities , have their prayers framed to their owne humour : and when the Priest pronounceth the words of Genesis ( as his custome is ) Crescite , & multiplicamini , & replete terram , the lights are suddenly popt out , and without any respect had to alliance or kindred , or reverence to their exercise , they mingle like Beasts , and when they have acted their wickednesse , and are returned to their seats , the Candles are againe lighted , and they fall to their pretended prayers , as if there had beene no harme done . ( 12 ) The King is one of the seven Electors of the Emperour : and in case the other sixe be equally divided , he gives the suffrage , which carrieth it . It is to be thought , that his power was conferred upon him not without great counsell , and good reason . For ( besides that the place it selfe is by nature strong ) the people too have a speciall inbred love to Germany , and defence of her liberties . At Coronation he is Cup-bearer , and performes it himselfe in person if he be present . His revenewes are cast up to be three millions of Crownes , which are not gathered all within the compasse here limited , but part out of other Principalities , which are annexed to this Kingdome . For there are foure Regions , which make up his Title , and are subject to his government : ( 1 ) Bohemia it selfe , as we have described it . ( 2 ) Lusatia . ( 3 ) Silesia . ( 4 ) Moravia . They were named in the Mappe of Germany , as being parts of the whole Countrey , but will admit here a more particular tract , as belonging properly to this Kingdome . ( 13 ) First then for Bohemia it selfe , it containes about thirty Cities , which are immediate subjects to the King , ( as Quadus calls them ) besides many others , which are held in possession of the chiefe Princes , Primates , Barons , Counts , and Nobles of the Countrey . The Metropolis is Prague , heretofore known by the names of Bubienum and Marobudum , saith Maginus ; but rather I think ( by the situation ) it should be the same which Ptolemy calls Casurgis . It was composed with a wall , by Primaslaus their third King ; and received the name of Prague , by the wife Lubussa a Limine , which they say is called Prague in the Bohemian language . It is indeed a very stately Citie , seated in the middle of the Countrey on the River Multaria , and compared by some to Florence . It consists of three Cities which are called the old Towne , the new Towne , and the little Towne . The old Towne is the chiefe , and is adorned with many illustrious buildings . The new Towne is divided from the old , by a large ditch : and the little Towne stands on the other side of the River Mulda , but is joyned to the old Town , by a stone-bridge of twenty-foure Arches . It was made an Arch-bishops See , by Charles the Emperour and King of Bohemia , was once the chiefe Vniversitie : but that now is removed to Lipsia , in the Province of Misnia . It is the Regall seat of Bohemia : and here was the King and Queene when it was taken by the Imperialists . ( 14 ) The other Cities of this Region which are worth the noting , are ( 2 ) Egra . It stands upon the River , from whence it beares the name : before it was called by Ptolemy , Monosgada , on the West end of Sylva Gabreta , that part of the Hercinia which portends toward Franconia . It was a City Imperial , till the right was sold by Lodovicus Bavares to Iohn King of Bohemia . It is a very strong City , fortified as well by Nature as Art , for the most part is built upon a Rock . It is in compasse two miles within the walls , and with the Suburbs three . Not farre from it , there is a fountaine of a kinde of sharpe water , which the Inhabitants drinke in stead of Beere . ( 3 ) Krems toward Austria , on the North side of Danubius . ( 4 ) Pilsen on the West of Bohemia , a Citie which long held out against Generall Tilly , by the defence of the now Count Mansfield , but was at last betrayed by some of his Captaines . ( 5 ) Launum , North-west from Pilsen , noted for the most fruitfull place in the whole Region . ( 15 ) Now the out-Provinces , which are part of the K●ngdome , though not of Bohemia , are first Lusatia : It lyeth betwixt the Rivers Albis and Odera , and the Mountaines of Bohemia . On the West it hath Saxonie . On the North and East Brandeburg . On the South Silesia . It is divided into the higher and lower Lusatia , and is watered with the River Nisse . It is indeed part of Saxonie , though under rule to the King of Bohemia . For both this and Silesia was given to Vratislaus by the Emperour Henry the fourth . It is a very fruitfull Countrey , in most kind of graine : and the Inhabitants though imployed much in husbandry , yet are they a warlike people , as most of Germany , and so they have beene tried , by the Duke of Saxonie , and others of the Emperours partie : though they have beene by number and maine strength overborne . The first that was surprised was Bantsen : but the Metropolis is Gorlitzia , next Zittan , &c. No soyle nor customes differ much from the next Province . ( 16 ) Silesia on the West hath part of Bohemia upon the North Lusatia , and part of Poland , upon the South Moravia , and upon the East Polonia . At the beginning , it was part of the Hercinian Forrest . It is watered with the River Odera , and from hence took her name , as Conradus Celtus delivers it , Lib. Amorum 2. Eleg. 5. Hic Odera ( à priscis qui nomina Suevus habebat ) Nascitur , & Godani praecipitatur aquis . Su●vus qui Slesum socium sibi convocat amneru : A quo nunc nomen Slesia terra gerit . But Ioannes Crato , a Silesian , rather thinks that the name came from the Quadi , a people that heretofore inhabited these parts : and rather , for that the very Quady in the Sclavonian tongue , signifieth the same which Silesium did in the Saxon and old German . That they did possesse this Province is agreed upon by most : but where they were before seated Geographers somewhat differ . Ptolemy placeth them by the Hercinian under Lunasylva : and others not far off . It was the people which ( in their warre with Mareus Antonius the Emperour , ) were scattered with thunder and lightning , obtained by the prayers of the Christian Legion . For when the Roman was driven to such straight , that he could foresee no help which might come from man : he put himself upon their prayers to God for his deliverance . A strange hope that could beleeve in their faith , and yet not in that God , in whom they beleeved . But the Almighty was pleased to sh●w his power , and force the very heathen to honour his people . For here ended the fourth Persecution , 174. and the Christian Legion was surnamed the Thunderer . ( 17 ) The ayre here is somewhat cold , but milde : and the Land fertile . The Inhabitants good husbandmen to make the best . They have a kind of forced Wine , which the meaner sort drink freely . The richer have it sent from those neighbouring Provinces , which are better stored . The chiefe Citie is Perslaw or Vratislavia , which takes name from her Founder Vratislaus , and in honor of him gives the letter W. in her Armes . About the seat of this Citie Ptolemy placeth Budorgis ; in so much that some think , this was raised out of her ruiue . Not farre off , there is yet to be seen , the remainders of stately old buildings , which are supposed to have beene the houses of the ancient Quadi . In the yeare 1341. it was ruined by fire : but built againe with stone , and it is now one of the stateliest Cities of Germany , for elegant buildings and faire streets . It is an Arch-bishops See , and an Academie . The rest are Neissa Nissa a Bishops See , and a faire Town , Glats , Oppolen , Olderberg , Glogm●r , &c. Maginus numbers 15. Dukedomes in Silesia , whereof six remaine in their ancient families : the rest for want of heirs are fallen to the King of Bohemia . But the two chiefe of name are Ligintz , and Swevitz . The first is immediately the Kings : Swevitz too is under his government , but yet hath a Duke of its owne , which is honoured with the title and revenewes . ( 18 ) Moravia is bounded on the North and East with Silesia : on the West with Brandeburg , on the South with Austria & Hungary . It was heretofore called Marcomannia , received the latter name from the River Moravia , which runs through the Countrey . It yeelds plenty of Corne , Wine , Fish , and People , which use a kind of confused mixt language of Sclavonicke , Bohemicke , and Teutonicke . In plowing up their grounds there hath beene often-times found a certain Coyne of the Roman Emperours Marcus Antonius , with this Inscription de Marcomannis ; which the Inhabitants interpret to be of the Spoyles which the Roman took from the Marcomanni , who inhabited this Region . For certaine it is , that this people were vanquished by Marcus Antonius , as appears in their Historians . The people were converted to Christianity by Methodius : Their chiefe Citie is Olmuzium Olmutz , an Vniversitie , Brin , &c. It is reported by Dubrarius , that in Gradisco , a part of this Province , there groweth a kind of Myrrhe aud Frankincense out of the ground , which in likenesse resemble the hidden parts both of man and woman . It was first added to the King and Kindome of Behemia by Sigismund the Emperour , in the raigne of Albertus . The Description of FRANCE . NO people but are ambitious to winne upon Antiquitie as farre as their Line will reach . Among others the French are great pretenders to that Title , and fetch their originall from Mesech the sixt sonne of Iapheth , not above an hundred and fifty yeares after the Arke rested . But this passeth not for currant truth among her owne Historians ; and therefore is not the plea , which gives France here the second place in my division of Europe . I observe rather her situation , which rankes her next to Spaine Eastward : and that was the course proposed in my Generall Description . ( 2 ) As for her Inhabitants , the first certainly , which we can make good , were the Gaules : A people of whose beginning , we can give no unquestionable account : yet this of them is most sure , they were a Nation of Noted valour above foure hundred yeares before Christ : It is now full two thousand and twelve since they sacked Rome , and tooke the Capitoll . In the memory of that great Action we may claime a part . For first were themselves Conquered by the two noble British spirits , Brennius and Belinus Kings of England : and after led on by them ( if we may trust the story ) unto those glorious adventures , which have to this day continued their fame almost above any other Nation . Let the proofe rest upon my Author . This saith Matha●● Westmonasteriensis out of the Roman History . ( 3 ) Trecenta millia Gallorum ad sedes novas quaerendas prof●cti ducibus Belino & Brennio Romam invaserunt , ibique din morati sunt . Sed mille libras auri praemium discessionis à Romanis susci ' pientes , mox diversis agminibus alii Graeciam , alii Macedoniam , alii Thraciam petiverunt , & sua prole velut quodam examine totam Asiam replêrunt . Tantus inde terror Gallici nominis & armorum , invictaque foelicitas erat in illis diebus ut reges Orientis sine mercenario corum exercitu ulla bella gerere non praesumerent , neque pulsi à regno ad alios quam ad Gallos confugerent . Non enim aliter Majestatem suam tutari , neque amissam recuperare se posse nisi Gallicâ virtute arbitrabantur . Itaque in auxilium regis Bithyniae vocati , regnum cum eo peractâ victoriâ diviserunt , camque regionem Gallo Graciam cognominaverunt , which we now call Galatia . And thus for a time their victories carried all before them : yet at last they had their turne too of ill fortune : were expulsed Rome by Camillus , fared as their neighbours did , and became tributarie to the Empire . ( 4 ) Then did the name of Gallia comprehend a large portion on Europe , besides that which we now call France : and was divided by the ancient in Cisalpinam : which indeed was a part of Italy , that which we now call Lombardy : and Transalpinam , which Pliny cals Comata , from the curled haire of the Inhabitants , and Ptolemy Celto Gallatiam , as the Greekes gave it . Nor yet was this equall to the name of France , but was again divided by Caesar in his Commentaries . ( 1 ) in Belgicam , which for the most part belongs to Germany . ( 2 ) Celticam , and ( 3 ) Aquitaniam . After him Ptolemy gives a third division into foure parts . ( 1 ) Aquitaniam , ( 2 ) Lugdunensem the same with Caesars Celtica , ( 3 ) Narbonensem , or Braccatam , and ( 4 ) Belgicam . ( 5 ) We must here passe by the out-reaches of Belgia and the rest , and confine our tract to those parts which are now governed by one King. And though it retaine still the antique appellation , which the Inhabitants received from the Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , for their beautie and white colour ; yet is it best and most properly knowne by the name of France , from the Franci or Francones , a people of Germany that over-ran these parts , and subdued most of them to themselves . ( 6 ) Now the limits of this new Gallia or France are Westward the Pyrenaean Mountaines , which divide her from Spaine , and runne crosse the Isthmus , that joynes both the Kingdomes . They were very famous for rich Mines : in so much that being once fired by Shepheards , the Gold and Silver runne streaming downe into the lower Countries , called up the Inhabitants to prey ; and was the first occasion of a forraine entry upon those parts . Eastward it lyeth upon Germany . South-east it is severed with the Alpes from Italy . Northward it is bounded with our English Seas ; and Southward with the Mediterraneum . Her chiefe Rivers reckoned by Maginus are ( 1 ) Garumna Garrone the greatest . ( 2 ) Ligeris Lo●re the sweetest . ( 3 ) Sequana or Seyne the richest . ( 4 ) Rhodanus Rosne the swiftest : to these we may adde , ( 5 ) Some upon which standeth Amicus . ( 7 ) Her ayre is healthfull , and her grounds fertile ; abounds almost with all commodities that may make her one of the happiest Regions in Christendome , yet her greatest plenty is of Corne , Wine , and Salt , which she distributes among her neighbouring Nations : and enricheth her selfe with such Commodities from them as are not so fully afforded within her owne limits . The women too partake of their Countries fruitfulnesse : In so much that as the earth is scarce able to beare her plenty : so her plenty could hardly sustaine her people , had she not a vent for them into Spaine , Italy , Germany , England , and other Countries : And yet were there long since reckoned Habitatores supra quindecim milliones , inter quos octodecim millia nobilium , by Maginus . ( 8 ) In so great a multitude we must looke to find as much variety of Customes and Dispositions . It was the report of Caesar long since , and seconded by a late Authentike Author , Gallicas gentes linguâ , legibus , & institutis inter se differre : multa tamen multis esse communia . For the most part they are of a fiery spirit for the first on-set in any action , but will soone flagge . They desire change of Fortunes : and passe not greatly whether to better or worse . Their women very jocund , of a voluble tongue , and as free of their speech , complementall to strangers , and winne more by their wit then their beauty : one and t'other are great enticers of mens affectiōs ; and they enjoy them as freely and securely , without either check of conscience or care of report . It is esteemed Vitium gentile : and indeed they can hardly heare ill for it from any there , which is not equally guilty . Very factious not onely in carriage of publique affaires , but in their private families , which proceeds for the most part from a selfe-conceit of their own wit and wealth : and those will hardly admit a Superiour . Their Nobility have beene reported to be liberall : but I suppose that fashion is now worne out : My selfe have specially noted the contrary in divers , which respect their purse more then their honour , and let passe the service and deserts of worthy persons unrewarded , as if their gracious acceptance were a sufficient returne of thankes for any office a man can doe them . They are practised to this garbe by their pessantry , whom they reckon but as slaves , and command as their proper servants , which the poore snakes take as a favour , and are glad to be imployed by their betters , that by their protection they may stand more free from the injurie of their equals . For the meanest of them are cruell , and affect to oppresse their adversarie , either by open violence or suite in Law , though to their owne ruine . They are very ready to take Armes , and serve in the defence of King and Countrey : need no more presse then the stroke of a Drum : but are as rash in their atchievements . They will not waite upon Councell , but runne as farre on , as upon their strength they may , and when they find that failes , they will as soone give ground . ( 9 ) It hath had heretofore ( and yet breeds ) men of great esteeme for Learning & Religion . St. Bernard , Calvin , Beza , and Ramus were French , and many others , both of the Romish and reformed Churches . For as yet the people stand divided betwixt both , but not equally . The Papists are like to cōtinue the stronger hand , as long as their holy Father shall make murder a meritorious act . For by their severall Massacres they have destroyed many Assemblies of the Hugonites as they call them . The greatest I think that was ever practiced by such as had entertained the name of Christians , was at Paris in the yeare : 57● . when above thirty thousand soules suffered Martyrdome , and among the rest , some personages of great worth and note . ( 10 ) It is subject to a Monarchicall government , weilded by one sole and absolute King , which beares the title of the Christian King of France : his eldest son the Dolphin of France : by their Salique Law , no woman or heirs may inherit : how justly I may not determine . But yet the English have good reason to examine the Equitie . For it cost our Edward the Third his Crowne of France , to which he was heire in generall by marriage of a Daughter . But the truth is , we have beene ever easie , to part with our hold there , or at least forced to forgoe it by our civill dissentions at home , else after all those glorious Victories of our Predecessors , we might have had some power more to shew there as well as title . map of France FRANCE revised and augmented . the attires of the French and situations of their cheifest cityes obserued by Iohn . Speede. Are to be sould in Pops : head alley by Geo●Humble Ano. 1626 THE SCALE OF MILLES ( 12 ) Aquitania lyeth on the West of France , close upon the Pyrenaean Mountaines and Contunies . ( 1 ) Another part of Biscay mentioned in the Mappe of Spaine , and indeed differeth from that but very little ( 2 ) Gascoigne and Guien . The first to this day keeps its name ( with a very little change ) from the Spanish Vascones . The chiefe City is Burdigala , or Burdeaux , a Parliamentary and Archiepiscopall seat and Vniversitie of good esteeme , was honoured with the birth of our Richard the second . Another Citie of note is Tholouse , a seate Parliamentarie , and supposed to be as ancient as the Rule of Deborah in Israel . This Gascoigne containes in the Earledom●s of Forie , Comminges , Armeniaci , and the Dutch Albert. ( 3 ) Pictaria Poictu on the North of Guien , a pleasant Region , and a plentifull . It containes three Bishopricks ; Poitiers , Lucon , and Mailazai . Her chiefe Cities are Poictiers , an ancient , and the largest next Paris in all France , Castrum Heraldi once the title of the Scotch Earles of Hamildon . In this Province was fought the great Battel betwixt our Black Prince and Iohn of France , where with eight thousand , he vanquished fortie thousand : tooke the King Prisoner and his sonne Philip , 70. Earles , 50. Barons , and 12000. Gentlemen ( 4 ) Sonictonia , severed from Poictiers , but by the River Canentell , and so differs but little from her fertility . Her Metropolis Saints . Her other chiefe , Bourg , Blay , Marennes , Saint Iohn D'angely , and Anglosme . Betwixt this Country & Poictiers stands Rochell , a place the best fortified both by nature and art of any in Europe . And is at this time possest by those of the Reformed Religion : where they stand upon their guard , and defend their freedome of conscience against the Roman Catholikes of France . ( 5 ) Limosin , in limo sita , ( saith some ) Maginus takes it from Liwoges her chiefe Citie toward the North : which revolted , & was recovered by our Black Prince . Her other Towns of note are Tulles and Vxerca , and Chaluz , where our Richard the first was shot . It hath beene by turnes possest by French and English , till Charles the Seventh . Since we have had little hold there . ( 6 ) Berry , regio Biturigum from her chiefe City Bituris , now Burges , an Archiepiscopall See and Vniversitie . It is exceedingly stored with sheepe , and sufficiently well with other Merchandize of value . ( 7 ) Burbone , from her chiefe City Burbone ( heretofore Boya ) a Dukedome and much frequented by Princes and the Nobility of France , by reason of her healthfull ayre and commodious Baths . ( 8 ) Tureine the Garden of France . Her chiefe Cities Bloys , Amboys , Trurs , and a little higher upon the Loyre stand Orleance . ( 13 ) Lugdunensis or Celtica lyeth betwixt the Rivers Loyre and Seyne , and takes the name from Lugdunum or Lions her chiefe Citie . This Province comprehends ( 1 ) Britany , heretofore Armorica , till subdued by Maximinus King of England about the yeare 367. since it hath had the name of Britany , and for distinction from this of ours , it is commonly styled Minor Britannia . There is yet remaining a smatch of the Welsh tongue , which it seemes the Invaders had so great a desire to settle in those parts as a trophie of their Conquests , that when they first mingled in marriage with the Inhabitants , they cut out their wives tongues , as many as were Natives , that no sound of French might be heard among their Children . It hath few Rivers , but that defect is ( in some measure ) made up by their neighbourhood of the Sea , in so much , that the Countrey is reckoned one of the most fertile in all France , for Corne , Wine , and Wood. It breeds good Horses , and speciall Dogges , Iron , Leade , &c. Her chiefe Cities are Nants , Rhenes , St. Brenie , and Rohan . It is divided into Britanniam inferiorem , the base or lower Britanie , Westward & neerest England , and Superiorem toward the Loyre Eastward . Her chiefe ports are St. Malo and Breste . ( 2 ) Normandie , a part of the Region which was heretofore called Newstria and took the name it hath from the Norwegians . Their first Duke was Rollo , and the sixt from him our William the Conquerour . It was lost from his Successors in the time of King Iohn . Her chiefe Cities are Rhothomagus or Rhoan the Metropolis , Constance , and Cane , memorable for the siege of our English H. the fift : And Verveile , besieged by Philip the second of France , in the time of our Richard the first : which when the King heard as he sate in his Palace at Westminster ( it is said ) he sware he would never turne his back to France , till he had his revenge : and to make good his oath , brake through the wals , and justly performed his threat upon the besi●ger . Her principall parts are Harflew : the first which King Henry the fift of England assaulted ; and New Haven given up by the Prince of Conde to Queene Elizabeth as a Pledge for such Forces as she would supply him with to maintaine Warres with the King in defence of Religion . And Deepe , &c. ( 3 ) Anjoue regio Andegavensis , a fertile Countrey , and yeelds the best Wine of France , excellent Marble , and other faire stone for buildings . Her chiefe Citie is Anjers , which Ortelius takes to be Ptolemy's Iuliomagum . It is now an Vniversitie . To this Dukedome there are foure Earledomes which owe a kind of homage . Manie , Vandosme , Beufort and Laval . ( 4 ) Francia which gives name to the whole Kingdome , and received it her selfe from the Germane Francones , which before inhabited the great Forrest called Sylva Hircynia . Her chief City ▪ and the glory of France is Paris or Lutetia auasi in lu●o sita in compasse twelve miles , is reckoned the first Academie of Eu●rope , consists of fiftie-five Colledges . And here was Henry the sixt Crowned King of France and England . In this Province stands St. Vincents , where Henry the fift died : and S●isons and the Dukedome of Valoys , &c. ( 5 ) Campaigne and Brye partners in the title of Earledome , it is severed from Picardie onely with the River . A fertile Countrey , and hath many eminent Cities . The principall is Rheimes , where the Kings most commonly are Crowned , and annointed with an Oyle sent ( they say ) from Heaven , which ( as oft as it hath beene used ) never decreaseth . It is the Seat of an Arch-bishop and Vniversitie of ●ote , especially with our English Roman-Catholiques , who have a Colledge there appointed for their fugitives . And others of note are Troys , and Brye , and Auxerre , and Sans , and Arch-bi●shops See , &c. ( 6 ) Burgundis , both the Dutchie and Countie . The Dutchie or Burgundia inferior , and Westerne lyeth on the South of higher Germany . Her principall places are Digion , Saint Bernards birth-Towne , Antun , Beal●e , Sologue , and Aliza once the famous Citie of Alexia . The Countie of Burgundie or Burgundia superior , yeelds not to the choysest Garden in France for fertility of soyle , not to the most renowned for stoutnesse of the Inhabitants . They acknowledge not as yet the French Command , no more then Savoy and Loraine . They were under divers Generals , and are called Wallons , corruptly for Galleus , a trick of the Dutch. Her principall Cities are Besauson the Metropolis of both Burgundies , Salives , Arboys , Gray , and Dola . ( 7 ) Lugdunense Territorium , Lione an illustrious Citie . The Center of Europe : I mean where Merchants meet for traffique from all quarters . And these Provinces belong either wholly , or at least in part to Gallia Lugdunensis . For indeed some lye divided , and stretch into their neighbours Territories , as Campania into Belgica , and this last Lugdunense is in part under the Government of Savoy . ( 14 ) Narbonensis Gallia on the West hath the Comitatus Armenaici and Comminges , Eastward part of the Alpes , Northward the Mountaine Comenus , and Southward the French Seas . It is generally a fruitfull Countrey , not inferiour in the esteeme of Plinie to Italy it selfe : it comprehends the Provinces , ( 1 ) of Languedoc , supposed from Languegotia , language of the Gothes . It reacheth from the bounds of Armenia and Comminges to the Mediterraneum : Her chief Cities are Narbon , from whence this whole Region receives her appellation , and is reckoned the first Roman Province in Europe , and Mons pessulame , Mont-Pelleine , an Vniversitie most famous for the study of Physick . Nimes where there is at this day many reliques of Antiquities , and Pons Sancti Siritus , &c. ( 2 ) Provence Provincia , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , divided from Languedoc by the River Rhodanus Rhohan . It belongs part to the Crowne of France , part to the Pope , and a third to the Prince of Orange . In the Kings portion are Air , a Parliamentary City , Arles , and Marfilia , the last built in the time of the Roman Tarquine . To the Bishop of Rome belongs , Avenian , a City and Arch-Bishops See , with the whole Comitatus venissimus . To the Prince of Orange the chiefe City Aurangia , or Orange on the river Meine Estrang , Boys de St. Poll. &c. ( 3 ) Daulphine on the North of Province , Regio All●brogum , and is divided in Delphinatum superiorem & inferiorem ; The first contains in it Embrum , where Agaric & Mama is plentifully gathered , & Valentia , &c. The latter Grinnoble vienna , Daulphin , Romans . ( 4 ) Savoy Sabadia on the East of Daulphin , a Dukedome , within whose limits stands the well known City Geneva , which entertaines people from all Countries of any Religion : But yet enforceth a law upon fugitives , not common elsewhere : For whatsoever Malefactor is there apprehended for mischiefe done in his own Countrey : suffers as if he had been there condemned . The principall Cities besides are Tarantise , Bele , Moustire , Maurience , &c. To this Dukedome belong Cambrey on the West side of the Alpes , and the Countrey of Bresse , whose heire is entituled Prince of Pi●mount , a part of Italy at the very East foot of the mountains , which sever her from this Countrey . ( 15 ) Gallia Belgica the last is the Easterne tract toward Germany , and as much as belongs to this Kingdome containes onely Picardie , which is divided into the higher and lower . The first portends towards the British Seas , and here stands Calles distant but thirty miles from Dover : It is that which Caesar called Portus Iccius , wonne from the French by our Edward the third , lost by Queene Mary : upon her Confines toward England is the Countrey of Bononia , and Cuinnes , which contain sundry towns and villages . The chiefe Bulloigne , Conquered by our Henry the eight , but delivered back in the raigne of Edward the sixt . In this Picardie stans Terwin , besieged by King Henry in person , where the Emperour Maximilian served under his Colours , and receved pay as his Souldiers . In the lower Picardie stands Ambianum Ameins the Metropolis : Here are the Dutchie of Terache , whose chief City is Guisa which gave name to the family of the Guises : and the Countrey of Vermeudois , where Saint Quintin stands , Retelois and Retelher metropolis ; Arteleis and Laferre her's , Pontheine and Abberille . ( 16 ) The Ilands which are reckoned properly French , are onely those which lye neere in the Atlantick Ocean . They are but few and of no great account . The principall Dame de B●vin . L●●le Dieu , Marmotier , Insula Regis . ¶ The Description of BELGIA . IN this we continue still the Description of Belgia , begunne in the Mappe of France . For the title is common as well to these Territories as indeed to all the North-east Tracts of the old Gallia . The portion hereditary to the French King , was marked out among the rest of his Dominions . The residue ( since it hath beene by length of time , chance of warre , or at least chance of Fortune , dispersed into the power of severall Princes ) is better knowne to us by the familiar names of the Low-Countries , then Netherlands , Flanders , &c. ( 2 ) In the search of her Originall , we may have reference to our precedent Discourse . For questionlesse it was possest by the Gaules , as the other parts were : and ( if trust may be given to those antique Stories , whose truth is almost worn out with age ) she reacheth her Pedegree as high as any , and likely enough did pertake in the spoyles of Rome , when the Capitoll was ransacked by the Gauls , under the conduct of our two English Brothers . For her chiefe Captaine Belgius , whose memory she preserves to this day in her name , is mentioned by Quadus and others , as Companion to Brennius in his expedition toward Macedonia after they were intreated from Rome . ( 3 ) In the first times they were a stout people , and practised to continuall warres by the bordering Germanes , which made them as well expert as hardy . It seemes Caesar found them so in his tryall : for he gives them ( in his Commentaries ) the honour of a valiant Nation above any other part of Gallia . Yet at last he brought them under , and in time they were expulsed by the Germanes , who for their neerest speech and customs are supposed , and justly too , the Predecessours to the now Inhabitants . ( 4 ) For her first name I find no other likely account given , then from a Citie built by their Belgius in the Province of Hannonia , where now stands Bavaris . The rest , Germania inferior , the L●w-Countries and Netherlands require no long search : for without doubt they have little other ground , then her low situation upon the Seas : and indeed it is such as hath oft-times indangered her by inundations , and sunke many hundreds of their Townes and Villages , which to this day in some places shew their tops above water at a dead low ebbe . Lastly , Flanders , though but a single Province in this Belgia , yet of that esteeme , as the whole Countrey bears her name , and may indeed well enough upon the same reason as she took it up . For ( as the most will ) it had its Etymon à flatibus fluctibúsque quibus tota haec obnoxia est regio . ( 5 ) For on the North it is bounded with a part of the great Sea , and on the West with the maine Ocean : On the East with the Rivers , Rhene and Mosa , and on the South with Loraigne , Campaigne , and Picardie , parts of the Kingdome of France . It is accounted to be in circuit 1000. Italian miles : no Countrey abounds more with Lakes , Pooles , and Rivers of great note . The principall are Rhene , Mosa , and Scaldis , 16. others are specially named by Maginus : and more intimated , which afford them great store of fish , as well for their owne use , as supply for traffique to other Nations . ( 6 ) Yet by reason of her watery situation , it must needs be that the aire is exceeding moyst , and therefore unwholesome : but not so as heretofore . For the multitude of Inhabitants , and those wonderfully industrious , have laboured out many of her marishes , and drawne their Pooles into running channels , and by this means fewer vapours arise , in so much that now the Natives at last may very well agree with the temper , which ( as Maginus gives it ) incolarū sanitati nec non digestioni conducit . Their Summer is pleasant , not extreme hot , nor abounds it with such troublesome flies and gnats as ours doth . There is seldome any thunder heard , or lightning seene , or earth-quake felt . The reason is the same for all . The Winter is not altogether so tolerable : but brings with it bleake windes , and much raine . Yet betwixt both , the Countrey is moderately fertile , yeelds Corne and fruit in some places more , and in some lesse : very few Grapes , and those make but a hard Wine : no store of Mines : and yet they are as rich as those which have . ( 7 ) For the people are very thrifty , painfull , and ingenious in the invention of many pretty things , which draw many other Nations to them for Traffique : and they lie as sit for it , having free accesse by Sea to and from all the chiefe parts , as of Europe , so also Asia , Africa , and America , and are as skilfull to trace the Seas at pleasure . The have the name for the first Authors of the Compasse , Clock , and Printing . They are excellent Artificers , for working of pictures in glasse , for laying colours in Oyle , for Tapestry and other hangings : in briefe , for any Oeconomicall commoditie either for use or ornament : and in their owne private Families excell any other people . The men are of a goodly presence : of a cold , or at least no cholerick temper . They neither love nor hate any extreamely ; but will soone forget both a good turne , and ( they say ) an injury . They are not very open , or easie of beliefe , not apt to be deceived . Not very proud , nor exceeding base . Not much given to Venus , but more to Bacchus especially , when he presents himselfe upon an English Beere-Barrell . For they will hardly make a bargaine before they be well whetted . This is their common Character , but for the best part of it we have found it farre other , as in their commerce with us in the East Indies we have found , whereby their extreame dealings with our Nation , they have made knowne their unthankefulnesse for the many benefits our English hath shewed them . But I returne to their better qualities . Their women are faire , somewhat bold and free in their carriage , but yet sober and honest : excellent housewives , and in some places traffique abroad , while their men play the Cotqueans at home . ( 8 ) As in their other businesse , so in their studies they are very laborious , and indeed trouble the world with writing more then they have thanks for : as if they had a right , ( since they were the inventers of the Presse ) to use it at pleasure : for so they doe . And send forth every cōmon exercise performed by their boyes , towards a degree , with a clutter of tedious Anagrams prefixed . But yet it hath heretofore bred many excellent men in their faculties . Iustus Lipsius , Erasmus , Rodulphus Agricola , Ortelius , Mercator . And at this day how many others , good members of the Reformed Church , within compasse of the States government ? The rest which are under the Arch-Duke must appeare Romane Catholikes . In divers parts of Belgia , the Christian Religion was planted by Wilbrod an English man. ( 9 ) The last qualitie required in a Nation of esteeme ( as they are ) is valour . And indeed I may well place it last . For so it grew upon them : since the long warre , which they have had w●th the Arch duke . Before they lived for the most part in peace ; and as they had but little use of Chivalry , so they had as little heart to it : but were counted a heavy dull people . To say truth , they have hardly yet recovered that censure : for in the managing of their Land-fights especially , they are content enough to give way to other Nations , and will hardly second them in any dangerous attempt . The English have both acted and suffered their parts , in the behalfe of the Low-Countries : and that ( me thinkes ) might have beene remembred in the midst of their tyrannicall usage of our Merchants . ( 10 ) These Netherlands toward our latter times were divided into 17. Provinces , whereof the most part had severall Rites and Governours , foure Dukedomes , seven Earledomes , five Baronies , and one Marquiship . But by the mixt marriages of the heires to the sundry Titles , the whole at last fell upon one , was made an entire Government , and knowne by the name of the Dukedome of Burgundie . Yet still doth each Province retaine her proper Laws , libertie of Religion , and other Customes , which their Rulers in succession were sworne to maintaine for their parts : and the people againe for their securitie , had this maine prerogative left them from the beginning : that if their Prince should at any time attempt the contrary , they might after Declaration proceed to the choyce of a new Governour . These Conditions confirmed , it continued for a while peacefully , and by marriage with Mary Heire and last of the house of Burgundie , it fell to Maximilian of Austria , Emperour of the Germans . And his Successour Philip matching in the like sort with Ioan heire to the Kingdome of Spaine , joyned both together in his eldest sonne Charles the fift , who by the Mother was intituled to Spaine , and by his Father to Burgundy or Netherlands , as for Austria it passed to another brother . Thus came it subject to the King of Spaine . And while yet the Emperour enjoyed it , they felt no misery of civill wars among themselves . When he left it , he commanded this charge withall to his sonne Philip the second , that he should intreat the Low-Countries well . But this he either forgot or neglected : and taking it in foule scorne to be so curbed by the conditions of his Predecessors , began first with a pretence to Religion , and at last embroyled them in a bloudy warre , which hath found no end to this houre : and caused them to cast oft the Spanish clogge , which they did in the yeare 1581. and declared by their publique Writings , that Philip the second King of Spaine , had forfeited his government of the Low-Countries by breach of his faith . And withall they bound their people by a new oath never to returne their obedience : which they yet make good against the Arch-Dutchesse , who by kindred to the Spanish King , and marriage to the Arch-Duke is at this time interest in the government , and therefore in the quarrell . map of Low Germany A NEW MAPE OF Y E XVII PROVINCES OF LOW GERMANIE , mended a new in manie places . Anno 1626. ( 12 ) We begin with the Dukedomes intayled to the Spanish faction : and for the easier finding their situation , we will take them as they lye from West to East : And in this order is ( 1 ) Lutzenburg ; It stands betwixt the River Mosa on the West , and the Forrest of Ardenna East : on the South it joynes upon a part of France . Her chiefe City is Lucenburg , called by Ptolemy Augusta Romanduorum . In circuit this Dukedome is 240. miles , and containes in it many other Townes , which have beene much batterred in the warres , betwixt the French and Spanish Kings , before the States were at difference among themsel●es . Theonville among others is of note for the stronger Bostonacum , for the chiefe Merchandize . It is called the Paris of Ardenna , for by some that Forrest is reckoned into this Dukedome . It stands on the East-side , was in Caesars time 500. miles compasse , now about 90. Neer to Ardenna is the Spaw bathes , of great fame for the Cure of sundry diseases : And hath oftentimes given our false English a pretence to leave their Countrey forsooth for Physick : when they have no other excuse to get free , and joyn themselves with the Romish Catholikes . Maginus rockons into this Region 1168. Villages , besides Castles , with seven Earledomes , many other petty Governments . In the South is the Dutchy of Bovillon , belonging to a Peere of France . ( 2 ) Limburg , on the North-east of Lutzenburg , divides the government betwixt her own Duke , and the Bishop of Luicke , who commands the Westerne Tract , as much as containes 24. walled Townes , and 1800. Villages , and hath under him 52. Baronies . Luicke the chiefe City of the Bishoprick is an Vniversitie , memorable for this one story , above any other in Christendome : That at one time there studied 9. Kings sonnes , 24. Dukes sonnes , 29. Earles sonnes , &c. The Dukes part in the East is not of that fam● , either for multitude of Towns and Villages , or command of under-territories . In the yeare 1293. the heires Male were extinct , and by that means it fell to the Duke of Brabant . The whole Region is exceeding fertile , and affords almost all necessaries except Wine : Among other Commodities , it abounds with a kinde of stone , of excellent use in Physick , called Lapis calaminani . The principall Citie Limburg stands upon the River Wesa . ( 3 ) Brabant on the North of Limburg , which commonly is supposed to have the name from Branchlant , as if a barren soile : but it is otherwise reported unlesse toward the North. The people are very jolly , ut viri gravem senectutem sentire videantur : And that me-thinkes should argue plenty . Her chiefe Cities are Loraine an Vniversitie , which containes 20. Colledges , and among the rest a Seminary for English Iesuites . Bruxells , and this is the Dukes seat , strengthned with a double wall , and is adorned with very elegant buildings . Bergen ap Some , which is yet fresh in the memorie and mouthes , since the siege 1622. Bodue whose people are noted to have preserved the antique valour of their Predecessors , more then any other of the Provinces . Breda was the place of the Prince of Orange , got from the Spaniard by a desperate policy of a small number of Gentlemen , which ventured themselves into the Castle , being conveyed in a Boat covered with turves : when they were past recoile , they were forced to set their best strength forward , as wel for their lives as the victory ; and were blest with a successe beyond hope . They mastered the Castle , and the rest soone followed . It was of late recovered by the Spaniards after a long siege , where our English got honour though not conquest , under the conduct of our noble and valiant Earle of Oxford . And lastly , within the compasse of this D. is contained . ( 13 ) The Marquisate of the holy Empire , whose chiefe Citie is Antwerpe , a Towne heretofore of infinite Trading : had two Marts every yeare , qualified with an extraordinary priviledge , that during the time no man might be arrested , nor his goods seazed : and questionlesse this invited many which were in debt , and could not have the freedome of traffique else-where . ( 14 ) The Earledomes are ( 1 ) Flanders : First indeed as well in esteeme as situation ; For it gives name to the whole Region of the Netherlands : and the Prince writes himselfe Comes Dei gratiâ . It is the very Northwest tract of this Belgia : and is divided in Teutonicam , Imperatoriam , and Gallicam . The first is the Flandria Flandricans , properly Flanders . The principal Cities are Gandadū Gaunt , the birth-place of our Iohn Duke of Lancaster : She is severed by the Rivers Shead , and lets into 26. Ilands , and hath passage from one to another by 98. bridges . Her walls are seven miles in compasse . Her other Townes are Burgies and Graveling : Her Ports Dunkerke , Scluse , Newport , Ostend , &c. The two last notable , one for a pitcht field , the other for a long siege . In both the English honorably maintained the right of the States against the Arch-Duke . Flandria Imperatoria is but a smal parcell , and borders upon Brabant , is called the Earledome of Hulit , which is the chiefe Citie within her Territories : Gallica Flandria is not of any large extent , but very fertile and pleasant . Her chief towns are Lilla or Lilse , Duacum Doway an Vniversitie , Orchais , Tornay taken by King Henry the eighth , and ransomed by the Inhabitants for 100000 , Duckets . ( 2 ) Artesia , Artoyse , the seat of the Atrebates in Caesars time . Their chiefe City was then called Atrebatum now Arras , whence we have our rich hangings and their name . It lyeth most on the South of Flanders ; Maginus reckons to her 12. Cities , and 852. Villages . The chiefe of name besides their mother town Arras , are Ayre , Pernes , St. Omer , St. Paul. ( 3 ) Hannonia Hanolt on the East of Flanders , 60. miles long , broad 48. Containes 950. Villages , and 24. Towns beside Castles . The chiefe are Banais supposed to stand in the same place , where the ancient Belgium was built , Mons , Conde , Valenciennes , &c. ( 4 ) Namurce on the East of Hanolt , a fruitfull Countrey , and full of Mines especially of Iron : It hath but foure Cities , 182. Villages . The Metropolis is Namurce , and the rest Charlemount , Valen-Court , Bornies . ( 15 ) The only Barony of the Arch Dukes Province is Mechlin a City in Brabant , which stands almost at equall distance betwixt Lovane , Bruxells and Antwerpe . Before the Spanish w●rs it was a place of Parliament for the States : Since a great part of it was scattered by unfortunate chance of fire , which catch among 800. Barrells of Gunpowder . In this stands a Monastery , which at sometimes hath in it 1600 Nunnes ; and within these limits is the power of the Arch-Duke confined : And surely by reason of his infinite charge to maintaine warre , and the ticklish termes he stands upon for feare of displeasing his Subjects , who ( as he suspects ) may be apt enough to revolt , he can reape but little cleare profit , and dares use as little Authority . ( 16 ) To the States there hold first the Dukedome of Geldria , which some will have to take her name from Gelduba , once her chiefe Citie : whether or not , there appeares not now any monument of such a Towne . The Province stands on the East of Brabant ; and North of Limburg : It is a very fertile soile ; especially if it be well tilled , it returneth the husbandman a liberall reward for his labour . Her pastures are excellent , in so much , that they feed up their Cattle to an incredible bignesse and weight . A report passeth of one Bull which weighed 3200. pound : It was killed at Antwerpe , 1570. It hath in it 22. walled Townes , and about 300 Villages . The principall of account are Neomagus or Nummegen an Imperial city , stands at the mouth of Rhene , which is called the Vahall . It was honoured with the title of a vice-County , had authority to coyn money , and was bound to acknowledge subjection to the Emperour only by a small tribute . A glove of Gunpowder , which they were to tender at Aken once a year . Others of note are Ruermund , Arnem , and Zutph●n . ( 17 ) The Earledomes are ( 1 ) Zutphen a Town only in Gelderland , at the north of the river Barikell , where that valiant souldier , and incomparable Poet Sir Philip Sidney received his last wound . It was joyned into the States strength 1590. ( 2 ) Zeland , it stands in the North tract upon the Seas , from whence it hath the name as it were of Zeland : And indeed it oft times so fals out , that they can hardly say whether they live in Sea or upon the Land. Eight Ilands have bin utterly lost : what remaines of this Province is by the water divided into seven Ilands : Walcheria , in which stands Middle-borough and Flushin . South Beveland , North Develand , Wolfors-dicke . These are the Westerne . The Easterne are Schoven , Tolen , and Develand . They are most of them a fierce people , craftie in merchandize , good Sea men , and great Fishers . ( 3 ) Holland or Holtland a woody Countrey : It is but a small Region , such as be a man where he will within her compasse , he may travell it out in three houres : And yet is it of great fame , and better knowne to the common sort of people then any of these parts . The Inhabitants heretofore the Batavi : on the West it hath the Sea and Iles of Zeland : on the North the maine Ocean . It comprehends about 400. Villages , and 29. walled Towns. The chiefe are Dordret or Dort , memorable for a Synode held against the Arminians , 1618. Harlem a Town which first sent forth a printed Booke into the other parts of Europe . Delft , Amsterdam , a great place of traffique , Roterdam , Lugdunum Batavorum , Leyden an Vniversitie . Among the rest the Hage may claime a roome here though but a village , yet the fairest in Christendome , and seat of the States Councell . The report lyeth upon this Province of Margaret sister to the Earle of Floris , that she brought at one birth 365. children , all living till they were christened . ( 18 ) Baronies are ( 1 ) Vltrasectense utrecht on the East of Gelderland , and in part West , North , and South of Holland . It hath the name from her mother Citie Traiectum : and she hers , ( as is supposed ) from a common Ferry which is there : For before it was called Antonina . It hath foure other good Townes , and seventy villages . ( 2 ) Ov●rissall or Transisulana on the North of Gelderland : It hath above 100. Villages , and 11. Townes of note . The chief Deventer wonne by our Robert Dudley Earle of Leicester from the Spaniards to the States : It was once under government of the Bishop of Vtrech : And the first was Wilbr●d an Englishman . ( 3 ) Frizia West Friezeland on the North of Overissall : It hath 345. Villages and 5. Townes . The chiefe Lewarden , Harlingham a Sea-town , & Francker a late Vniversitie . ( 4 ) Groyning a Town only of West Friezland , but hath Command over 145. villages , hath her proper laws & jurisdiction of a Province . ( 19 ) These last eight joyn together in an Aristarchicall Government , weilded by the LL. the States of the Low Countries , and their assistants . Each Province hath one , and his Common Councell is elected out of her owne principall Towns : But the residency of the generall Councell of the States is at the Hage in Holland ; And to this are admitted with equall priviledge of suffrage their Generall of their Forces , and our English Embassador . ¶ The Description of SPAINE . IN our Division of Europe , we placed her Regions as they lay from the first Meridian of Longitude in the Azores , and so on towards Asia Eastward . We will not here vary the course which was there proposed ; and that gave Spaine the precedency , as lying most Westward into the Atlanticke Ocean . And indeed she puts forward as well upon her tearmes of Antiquitie , as order of place . For if her plea may be heard , she derives her being from Tubal , the grandchild of Noah , and would be one of the first Nations of the second world . Likely enough those parts might be inhabited by his Progenie , but I doubt whether so soone after the Flood , as himselfe lived , and as some would have it , who suppose that he then kept Cattell , and named the Province Taraconensis , from the Hebrew Taraco , a possession of Heards . This and other the like improbable Relations passe of her originall . Which as we may not accept for truths , so we have no roome here to confute them for lies . We must be content rather to omit those former ages , which give us no light but by fables ; and begin with the affaires of Spaine , which come within the compasse of our known and approved Stories . As for the exploits of Hercules , of Gerion , and Cacus , and the rest ; questionlesse , they had some ground from truth it selfe , if we knew how to search it forth& and here was their residence , men twelve hundred yeares by compute before the Romans or Carthaginians enjoyed it . But by reason that the passage of those times , was delivered onely in vaine fictions , we can warrant nothing for certaine till the Syrians there planted themselves in the I le of Gades : and of them little , till the Carthaginians were called in to aid them against the disturbance of ill neighbours , when once they were mingled with so flourishing a Nation , they wanted not Writers to record their actions , and sundry turnes of Fortune . ( 2 ) The next Inhabitants there of Spaine after the Syrians , and indeed the first which afford us any Story worth observing , were the Carthaginians : and the first cause of their entrance , was to defend the Ilanders of Cales : but when they had once got firme footing , and sucked the sweetnesse , they were not to be removed by the easie tearme of friendship : but there kept hold , till a people stronger then themselves dispossessed them . The attempt was made by Scipio and the Roman forces ; but they withstood their assault with so resolved a courage , and so strong a hand , that it might oft-times be questioned Vter populus alteri esset pariturus ? and so held play almost 200. yeares , and could not be fully subdued into the forme of a Province , till the Reigne of Augustus Caesar , yet after they were held to it till Honorius . ( 3 ) About his sixt yeare was there a second Invasion made by the Vandales , and soone after by the Gothes , which bare sway for above 300. yeares . The last King was Rodoricus , who lost both himselfe and Kingdome for a rape committed upon the Daughter of Iulian a noble Gentleman , and at that time Embassadour with the Moores in Africa . When the Father had understood of his Daughters unworthy injurie , he brought backe his revenge with him 30000. Horse , and 180000. Foot of Moores and Sarazens , which discomfited the King , overthrew all the resistance which he could make , and bespread the Country with their Forces , where they and their posteritie stood firme , till within the memory of some which yet live . ( 4 ) This change of State was before prophecied , and concealed in a large Chest within a part of the Palace , which both the last King and his Predecessors were forewarned not to discover . But the hope of an inestimable treasure made him transgresse : and when he had entred , there appeared nothing but the Portractures of Armed Moores , with a presage annexed , that when that part of the Palace should be forced open , such enemies should ruine Spaine . It is now at last but one people , but yet retains the mixture of those many Nations which have heretofore possest it , Goths , Sarazens , and Iews , who were partly banisht hither by Hadrian the Emperour , and partly sent hither by Vlider Vbit the Caliph after the Moores conquest . ( 5 ) In all this Discourse touching the beginning and settling of the State of Spaine it appeares not , from whence she derives her severall names of Iberia , Hesperia , & Hispania . It seemes they are more ancient then the entrance of the Carthaginians , and therefore they allow us no certaine Story , nor other reason indeed , more then a likely Conjecture : and in some scarce that . Her first name of Iberia was given by her ancients from a River that runs almost through the middle of the Countrey ; So saith Maginus , and relies upon Pliny and Iustin for his Authours . Others give it rather to the Iberi , the ancient people of Asia that came in under Panus from toward Syria , & possest it before the Carthaginians . Her second name admits as much question . Some fetch it from Hesperus the brother of Atlas , and their twelfth King from Tubal . Others beyond the Moone from the Evening starre , because it is situate upon the West of Europe . The last Hispania is supposed from one Hispanus or Hispalus , who raigned in those parts , and was the third in the account of some from Tubal : or else from Hispalis now Seril : rather we may take it from the fore-mentioned Panus , Captaine of the Iberians , by the prefixion of an S , for so the Greeks give it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and since by their owne addition and corruption it is made Espania , Hispania . ( 6 ) Her whole compasse is reckoned to be 1893. English miles : and her bounds are Seas on every side , unlesse on the East towards France , from which she is severed by the Pir●naan Mountains . On the West he Atlantick Ocean , on the North the Cantabrick , and on the South the Fretum Herculeum , and other parts of the Mediterraneum , which divide her from Africa . Her Rivers of note are specially , ( 1 ) Minius or Mingo . ( 2 ) Dorio now Duerus . ( 3 ) Tagus now Taio , famous for her golden sands . ( ) Betis or Guadilquiver . ( 5 ) Iberus now Ebro , and ( 6 ) Ana or Guadiana , which in one place glides under ground for fifteene miles together , and gives the Spaniard an occasion ( as he will catch at any ) to bragge that they have ten thousand Cattle daily feeding upon one bridge . Yet give them their owne sense , the truth may be questioned . For they have not such plenty of meat , as they have of sauce . ( 7 ) It yeelds indeed abundance of Oranges , Lemons , Capers , Dates , Sugar , Oyle , Honie , Licorish , Raisins , Saffron , Rice , excellent Sacks , and other Wines . And in some places , Sheepe , Goats , and swift Horses . It hath beene heretofore noted for rich Mines , in so much that Hannibal received daily 3000. from one Mine in Spaine . The number is not answerable in proportion to other Regions of Europe . Their Cities not so great , nor so many . The reason may be , because indeed their women are not so fertile to multiply among themselves , and their usage of strangers so uncivill , that very few of other Countries seate themselves there , as in France , England , and Germany . And yet they have of late times sent many Colonies abroad into both Indies . ( 8 ) They are extreamely proud , and the silliest of them pretend to a great portion of wisdome , which they would seeme to expresse in a kinde of reserved state , and silent gravitie , when perhaps their wit will scarce serve them to speake sense . But if once their mouthes be got too open , they esteeme their breath too precious to be spent upon any other subject then their owne glorious actions . They are most unjust neglectors of other Nations , aud impudent vaine flatterers of themselves . Superstitious beyond any other people : which indeed commonly attends those which affect to be accounted religious , rather then to be so . For how can hearty devotion stand wih cruelty , lechery , pride , Idolatry , and those other Gothish , Moorish , Iewish , Heathenish conditions of which they still savour . ( 9 ) Yet it hath yeelded heretofore men very famous for their severall endowments , both of wit and religion . The Apostle himselfe expresseth a great desire to see Spaine , as hoping to doe much good among those which had entertained the name of Christ. Osius a learned Bishop in the time of Constantine the Great : And Pac●anus mentioned by S. Hierome , Isidore , Fulgentius , Arias Montanus , Tostatus and Masius , were all Spaniards : Seneca , Quintilian the Orator ( Lumen Romanae eloquentia , as Valla styles him ) Martialis , Lucan , Silius , & Pomponius Mela were Spaniards , Traian the Emperour , Theodosius , Ferdinand the Catholike , and Charles the Emperour were Spaniards . To this day it breeds good Souldiers , slow , but sure , and successfull in their Conquests . Yet such as prevaile more by art then valour . Their continuall scarcitie of victualls inureth them to hunger and other hardnesse , which oft-times wearieth out their enemie , and makes him yeeld at least to their patience , if not to their strength . map of Spain SPAINE Newly described , with many adictions , both in the attires of the people & the setuations of their cheifest Cityest by Iohn . Speed. 1626 ( 11 ) The present state of Arragon comprehends three of those Kingdomes , as it was scattered by the Moores and Sarazens . ( 1 ) Arragon it selfe , which lyeth on the South of Navarre , on the East of Castile , on the North of Valentia , and the West of Catalonia . The ancient Inhabitants were the Iaccetani , Lucenses , and Celtiberi : her chief City Caesar Augusta . ( 2 ) Catalonia : It lyeth betwixt Arragon and the Pyrenaean hills . It is supposed a mixt name from Gothi and Alani , people which heretofore possest it after the Vandales had lost their hold . The Region is but barren ; yet it hath in it many Cities , The chiefe Terra cona , which gave name to the whole Province , called by the Romans , Terraconenses . ( 3 ) Valentia , which on the East is touched with the Mediterraneum , on the north with Castile , on the south with the Kingdome of Murcia . It is reported for the most pleasant and fruitfull Region in all Spaine , it hath her name from her chief Citie , and as Maginus relates , admits as yet of 22. thousand Families of Moores . In this is the Vniversitie where St. Dominicke , father of the Dominicans studied . And the old Saguntum besieged by Hannibal now Morvedre . ( 12 ) The state of Castile as now it stands , comprehends all the rest of those scattered governments , as were possest by the Moores , Portugall onely excepted . And first Castil it selfe , both the old which joyns with Arragon on the East of Portugall , and the West of Navarre ; and the new which toucheth her upon the South . The first abounds not much with fruits , but yet it breeds many Cattell . The Metropolis is Burgos ▪ and the other chiefe are Salamanca , an Vniversitie , and Valadelit once the seat of the Kings of Spaine . Now Castile abounds more with Come : is watered with the river Tagus and Ana : and in this stands the Kings chiefe Cities , Madrid and Toledo , which was heretofore a proprietarie of it selfe . The rest that belong to Castile are a Toledo how ever now but a City of new Castile , yet in the division , her Territories spread themselves over a large compasse . The City is in the middest of Spaine . It was the seat of the Gothish Kings , and successively of the Moorish Princes : now of the Archbishops , who exceed in revenews any other Prelate in the world , except the Pope . Here hath sate eighteene Nationall Councels in the time of the Gothish Kings . 3. ( 13 ) Biscay , heretofore Cantabria on the North of old Castile toward the Ocean , it was the last people which yeelded to the Romans , and after to the Moores . A Mountainous Countrey , but affords excellent Timber for Ships , and good Iron . Her Cities are St. Sebastian , Fonteralia , and Bilbao , which stands but two miles from the Sea , and is noted for excellent Blades : some have been tried by the English upon their owne Crests . 4. ( 14 ) Leon heretofore Austria , on the East hath Biscay , on the West Gallicia , on the North the Cantabricke Ocean , and on the South old Castile . The Region is reported to yeeld plenty of Gold , Vermilion , red Leade , and other Colours , else she is barren , her Inhabitants not many , and those live most upon Hunting and Fishing . It is the title of the eldest Sonne of Castile , as Wales is to our Prince of England . Her chiefe City is Oveido , which bare part with her in the name of a Kingdome ; and indeed was the Title of the first Christian King after the Moores Conquest . 5. ( 15 ) Gallicia , on the East joyns upon Leon , on the West it is bounded with the Atlanticke Ocean , on the North with the Cantabricke , and on the south with the River Mingo . It breeds Iennets in abundance , in so much that they have beene Poetically faigned to be conceived by the winde . Niger writes that here hath been an incredible plenty of Gold , Leade , and Silver . That the Rivers are full of a mixt earth , and that the Plough could scarce wagge for clods of golden Ore. There appeares now no such matter . The principall Cities are Saint Iago , where St. Iames the Apostle lyeth buried , his Reliques kept , worshipped , and visited by Pilgrims . And the other of note especially with us is Corugna , an excellent Port for Ships , and mentioned oft in our warres with the Spaniards by the name of the Groyne . Here likewise is the Promontorie Nerius , called by our Mariners Capo de finis terrae . ( 16 ) Murcia , on the North hath new Castile ; on the South and East the Spanish Seas . It is not much peopled , but yet is famous for severall Commodities , especially pure earthen vessels , and fine Silke . Heretofore it enriched the Romans with a daily supply of 25000. Drachmae of Silver . Her chiefe places are Alicante , whence our Alicant Wines come , and new Carthage oft commended by our Travellers , for her large and safe Haven , and lastly , Murcia , a Town which gives name to the whole Region . ( 17 ) Navare lyeth close to the Pirenaean Hills , and as Maginus gives it , is inclosed with Mountaines : and so it is North and East , on the West it hath the River Ebro , and on the South Arragon . The Vascones are said to have lived here , who afterward placed themselves in France , and keepe there their name to this day of Vascones , corruptly Gascoignes . The chiefe Townes are Pampelme , the Metropolis , and Viana the title of the Navarran Prince . Maginus sets the Revenue annuall of this Kingdome at 100000. Duckets . ( 18 ) Corduba , now a Citie onely , heretofore a Kingdome and included . Andaluzia , Granada , and Estr●madura . Equalized almost the whole Province wh●ch the Romans in their second division called Baetica . Andaluzia hath lost but one letter of her name since she was possest by the Vandales . From them she was first called Vandalicia : since Andalicia , corruptly , Andaluzia . It lyeth on the West of Granada , and is a very fertile Countrey . In this Region is the chiefe Citie Corduba , whence we receive our Cordavan Leather . The second of note is Sevill : the Metropolitane of Andaluzia , and the fortunate Ilands , esteemed the goodliest Citie in all Spaine , and though ( as Corduba ) it was not honoured with the title of a Kingdome , yet it honoured a Kingdome with her title in the opinion of some , which derive Hispania from her former appellation Hispalis . From this shoare they lanch forth toward the Indies , and from hence they send their Sevill Oranges . The Arch-bishop of Sevill is second to Toledo , as well in Revenewes as degree . Neere to Andaluzia is the Iland of Gades , by which the Carthaginians entred into Spaine . Since it is called Cadis , and commonly Cales . The English have had their turne in the possession of that I le . Now againe fortune hath cast it upon the Spaniard . On the very South edge of this Region stands one of Hercules Pillars , which answers to the other Promontory in Mauritania : The Sea betwixt both is called Fretum Herculeum , and Straights of Gibralter . The second Province of Corduba was Granada , on the East of Andaluzia the West of Murcia , and South of new Castile toward the Spanish Seas . It hath been farre more fertile then now it is : yet it still reserves a shew of her former beauty , affords as excellent Sugar , Silke , and Wines . The principall Towns of note are , Granada and Malaga : the first for Stockins , and the other for good Sacks . The third Province of Corduba Estrem●dura lyeth on the South of Castile , and is watred through the middle with the River Ana . And in this stands the City Merida , once a Roman Colonie , and named by them Augusta Emerita , from the Inhabitants which were there planted by Augustus , and culled out of his ancient tryed Souldiers . ( 19 ) Portugall is the third Kingdome in our last division of Spaine , and it may well be esteemed one of her largest Territories : For it runnes along by the Atlantick Ocean , from the borders of Gallicea , as Andaluzia ; on the North it is limited with the River Mingo , on the South with part of the Mediterraneum , on the West with the Atlantick & on the East with the Castiles Andaluzia and Estremadura . Her name some derive à portu Gallorum , Maginus rather à portu Cale a Haven of that name which was much frequented by Fishermen ; It is almost the same portion of Spaine which was heretofore Lusitania , and her people were esteemed the most valiant , crafty and agile Souldiers of the whole Region ; yet now they are held to be simple ad proverbiū usque . But it is their neighbour Spaniards censure , who indeed have over-reached them in cunning , and brought them under the subjectiō of their Catholicke King , which were before a free State of themselves , and carried with them another Kingdome of the Algarbi , which stands in her very South , and shews the Cape of St. Vincent into the Atlanticke Ocean : Give them their due they are excellent Sea-men , and the best alive to atchieve adventurous actions : For they added to their Dominions many Territories of Africa , Asia , and America , could they have been so fortunate as to have kept their Kingdomes and themselves out of the reach of the cogging Spaniard . ( 20 ) The Countrey affords not much Corne , but fruit reasonable store , and Mines of severall metalls , Allum , Marble , good Silkes , &c. The chief City is Lisbone , in Latine Vlyssipona , supposed to have been built by Vlysses . And from hence they set sayle towards the East Indies , to Aethiopia , Brasile , &c. In so much that this very City yeelds more revenew then the rest of the whole Kingdom . Another eminent place of this Region is the Metropolis and Academia of Conimbria , called before Mouda . And this briefly is the whole Continent of Spaine , but doth not terminate the Spanish Dominions , which commands as well the Ilands which lye neere in the Atlanticke and Mediterraneum , as many other parts of the world besides interminate with other Regions . The Kingdome of Naples in Italy , Dutchy of Myleine , Iles of Sicily and Sardinia , the Canaries , Townes and Castles and Havens in Barbarie ; In the West Indies , Mexico , Peru , Brasile , large portion in the East . ( 21 ) The Ilands neere Spaine in the Atlanticke chiefly the Tarsarae . In the Mediterraneum are the Baleares , and those are two principall , Maiorica commonly called Mallorca , and Minorica commonly Menorca . Other lesse Ilands are Dragonera , Cabrera , Pyttussae , Erisa , Vedrau , Conirello , Dragomago , and Scombraria . ¶ The Description of ITALY . ITALY is divided from France and Germanie by the Alpes , and stretcheth her selfe South-east , betwixt the Tyrrhene and Adriaticke Seas , almost in just proportion of a mans legge . I may spare my Reader her lavish attributes ; which he can hardly ba●●e , if he will but looke into any Authour where her name is mentioned . She must ( for me ) and well may , be content here with the briefe Elogie of Plinie , to which ( I thinke ) the wit of man can adde but little . Certainly the most blessed seat of man upon earth can deserve no more . Italia terrarum omnium alumna , eadem & parens , numine deorum electa quae coelum ipsum clarius faceret , sparsa congregaret imperia , ritus molliret , tot populorum discordes linguas , sermones , Commercia , ad colloquia distraberet , & humanitati hominem daret . ( 2 ) Yet to speake truth we cannot abate her much of this title . The mother of Countries we may call her , since most Writers agree , that she was first inhabited by Ianus ( or Noah , as some would report him ) the father of Nations . It was doubtlesse a very long time , since the world was honest : and deserved the name of a golden age : yet then was she peopled ( as Iustine delivers out of Trogus ) by the Aborigines , whose King was first Ogyges , then Saturne , a man so just , that under his government there was knowne no tyranny from their Prince , no disloyaltie from the subject , no injurie from the neighbour : They had all one patrimony , one possession : and where all acknowledge no peculiar , there can be but little cause of strife . ( 3 ) I presume not to set downe the just yeare when men were thus ordered : But if you will beleeve the story of the Gentiles compared in Chronologie , by some of late yeares and better trust , as Munster , Quade , &c. Ianus pater hominum & deorum and immediate predecessor to Saturne , was in Italy within 200. yeares after the Flood , and received the aged Chronus into part of his Kingdome with him , being expulsed by his sonne Iupiter out of Crete . Each of them built a Citie and left a sound of his name for their remembrance : the one Ianua , which to this day hath suffered no further change then to Genua : and the other Saturnia ; and both in their times gave name to the whole region : which are not yet fully worne out : though others have since took place : as Latium , quia his latebat Saturnus , Italia ab Italo Siculorum rege . Hesperia from the Westerne starre , A●sonia and Oenotria from her excellent Wines . ( ) But this is the largest scope which we can give to her antiquity . Helvicus and other authenticke observers of time , cuts off ( well-nigh ) a thousand yeares from this account of the Aborigines , and placeth their Dynastia 2622. years after the creation : 966. after the Flood : and before Christ 1327. ( 5 ) The first change of Inhabitants was forced by Evander the Arcadian , a man of that admirable eloquence , that he was called the sonne of Mercurie , but had by chance slaine his father , and was therefore expulsed his inheritance , and advised into Italy by his mother , a great Prophetesse of those times . He removed the Aborigines from their seat , and planted his companions in the same plot of ground , where after Rome was built : and in the Mons Palatinus founded a little Town , which he called Pallanteum , in memory of his great grand-father . And this was about the yeare 2710. ( 6 ) About 60. yeares after , Aeneas arrived in this Countrey from the siege of Troy , was entertained as an amorous suitor by Lavinia , with consent of her father Latinus : and after the death of his corrivall Turnus , King of the Rutilians , was settled heire to the Latine Monarchy after his father . ( 7 ) From Aeneas to Numitor the succession went on ( not without some rubs , ) but suffered no great breach for almost foure hundred yeares . When the title should have fallen to him , being the elder and true heire , he was spoyled of the Kingdome by his younger Amulius Sylvius : nor could it be recovered till time had given growth and strength to Romulus and Rhemus his grand-children by his daughter Rhea . ( 8 ) The birth and breeding of these two brothers is well knowne , we need not enlarge their Story further then thus . They were the sonnes of Rhea , a Virgin which was cloystered up into the Temple of Vesta , by her uncle Amulius Sylvius , that she might not bring forth an heir to endanger his title . Notwithstanding meanes was found , so that she conceived at once two children by Mars , and was delivered among her sisters Vestals . For this her selfe ( as the censure was upon such delinquents ) was buried alive : her boyes exposed to be destroyed : but were preserved by Faustulus the Kings Shepheard , and nursed by his wife Laurentia : or Lupa for her bad life . ( 9 ) When yeares and their supposed father had taught them their pedegree , and the base tyranny of their uncle ; they began with revenge upon him , for their mothers quick buriall : for their owne intended murder , and their grandsires injurie . To be briefe , they slew their great uncle Amulius Sylvius , and returned the Kingdome to the rightfull Numitor. ( 10 ) Thus when they had once dealt in disposing of Empires : they could not easily returne to the Shepheards-hooke , but bethought them of the like fortune for their owne advancement : and stirred not farre to make good their purpose , but in the very Mons Palatinus , the place where they suckt their nurse , they drew together a monstrous head of debaucht Shepheards , and built the Citie : which is now called Rome from Romulus , who in strife for the name , or ( as some say ) for a disdainfull skip over the new walls slew his brother Rhemus , and was left the sole Founder and Commander of this rascall crue , for so indeed it was , and held in that contempt by their borderers , that they could not by intreatie get wives from them to continue their succession , till by a guile they had enticed the Sabines to their pastimes , ravisht their women , and afterward by degrees either made their peace or wanne it with the sword , from the people round about them . ( 11 ) Thus began the Empire of Rome : and was governed at first by 7. Kings in a direct succession to Tarquinius Superbus , who lost both himselfe and Kingdome , by his owne pride , and his sonne Sextus rape upon Lucretia . It was next taken up by Consuls , two annually chosen out of the Patritii or principall Citizens . The third ranke were of Decemviri : but they againe were dispossest for the like rape of Appius upon Virginia , & Tribunes were constituted of Consulary authoritie . Then Consuls againe in another course : and for a while Dictators ; which when Caesar had once clasped , he soone made to himselfe a power Imperiall : and ( though after five yeares it cost him his life , which he enchanged with Brutus and Cassius for 23. wounds in the Senate house : yet ) the libertie of Rome was never so fully recovered , but that soone after the Government fell upon Augustus , by the death of Autony and deposing of Lepidus , who for a while were joyned with him into the Trium viratus . ( 12 ) This hold was scarce ever lost clearely to this day : though by the changing of the seat Imperiall from Rome to Bizantium , in the raigne of their fourtie-third Constantinus : by the division into the Easterne and Westerne , in the time of Theodosius : by the many invasions of the Goths , Hunnes , Vandals ▪ Alani , Burgundians , and Lombards , it comes now farre short of that full glory in which it once shined . ( 13 ) Yet is Italy still as before a happy soyle , pleasant and fertile : at all times moderate weather and healthfull ayre : full of varietie as well of living creatures , as Plants , Corne , Wine , Oyle , Linen , Hearbs , &c. And can afford into other Countries , Rice , Silkes , Velvets , Sattins , Taffaties , Grogram , Rash , Fustians , Gold-wire , Armour , ●llom , Glasses , &c. The rich are very rich : for wealth will come , with much labour , in great abundance : but the poore are extreame poore : for they are most of them very idle . ( 14 ) Her chiefe Rivers are Padus or Poe , Athesis , Rubica , Tyberis , Arnus , &c. And her chiefe Mountains are the Alpes and Mons Appenninus . The first are in height 5 ▪ dayes journey , covered with snow , and from thence have their names à nivibus albis . They have two passages from Germany into this Countrey , and three out of France . From Germany by the Valtoline and by Trent . Out of France through Provence and Liguria : through the hills Genura to Lombardy : and through the Countrey of Turaigne . The Appennine Mountaine runs at length with Italy , like the ridge of a mans back , and is called indeed Spina . The measure of Italy is from Northwest to Southeast about 1010. miles , and from the two Seas crosse in some places 410. map of Italy ITALIA Newly augmented by . I. Speede and Are to bee sold in Pops-head aley by George Humble . 1626. ( 16 ) For warre and learning , it bred in times past the mirrour of both , Camillus , Fabius Maximus , Scipio , Pompey , Caesar , Cicero , Livie , Tacitus , Virgil , Ovid , and many hundreds which yet prompt our tongues and pens with examples of goodnesse in severall kinds . Nor hath it lost that glory in this age . For what Nation directs not their travailes into these parts , to see , heare , and partake of their excellent learning , though they compasse it with great expence , and venture through dangerous hazzards , by reason of their treacherous dispositions , and cruell barbarous usage of such as shall in any light circumstance seem to be averse from their idolatrous superstition . But their Vniversities are many and very famous ; Rome , Ferrara , Naples , Salernum , Venice , Padua , Verona , Florence , Millaine , Mantua , &c. ( 17 ) I must omit those many divisions of Italy , made first by Cato in Appenninam , Cisappenninā , and Transappenninam . By Plinie in Liguriam , Latium , &c. By Sirabo in Venetiam , Lucaniam , Apuliam , Romam , &c. By Ptolemy into 45. severall Nations . We will rest in the latest , which best fits the present state , and numbers ten Provinces . ( 1 ) The Kingdome of Naples . ( 2 ) The Land of the Church . ( 3 ) The Common-wealth of Venice . ( 4 ) The Dukedome of Florence . ( 5 ) The Dukedome of Millain . ( 6 ) The Dukedome of Mantua . ( 7 ) The Dukedome of Vrbin . ( 8 ) The Principalitie of Parma . ( 9 ) The State of Genoa . ( 10 ) The State of Luca. ( 18 ) The first is the Kingdome of Naples in the South part of Italy , and is the most fertile : it is bounded with the Seas unlesse on that side toward the Papacis . It is of large compasse and comprehends many Provinces . ( 1 ) Campania foelix , or terra laboris , and in this stands Naples the Metropolis : and Cuma , where the Sibylls Cave was , by which Aeneas went downe to Hell. And not farre off is the lake Avernus . ( 2 ) Abrazzo , her chiefe Townes of note are Sulmo , and Aquine , the birth-place of our great Schoole-man Thomas Aquinas . ( 3 ) Calabria inferior . The chiefe City Salernum an Academie , famous for Physicke . ( 4 ) Calabria superior , called Magna Graecia , from a multitude of Greeke Colonies , which there built Cities , and possest a great part of the Countries . The principall of note was Tarentum . ( 5 ) Terra Di'otranto from her Metropolis Otranto , once Hydruntum . And here stands Brundusium , famous for one of the best Havens in Christendome . ( 6 ) Puglia , and her chiefe City was Arpinum , Tullies birth-place . ( 19 ) The Land of the Church lyeth on the West of Naples , and South-east of the Common-wealth of Venice : North and South she crosseth from the Adriatique to the Tuscane Sea. Her under-provinces are , ( 1 ) Romandiola : and her chiefe Cities Bononia , and Ferrara , and Ravenna . ( 2 ) Marchia Anchonitana , in which stands Loretto , the place where so many miracles are performed by our Lady , as they deliver among the rest of their Legends . Ducato Spoletano : and in this Asis , where Saint Francis was borne . ( 4 ) Saint Peters patrimonie , a large portion : and I beleeve more then ever he enjoyed or could leave to his heires . Her ancient Townes , well knowne and oft mentioned in the Roman Stories were Alba , the seat of the Sylvian Kings , and Ostia , built by Ancus Martius , and Tybur , Proueste , the Gabii , the Veii , and that which bustles for the place above any other in Christendome , Rome her selfe : we will not repeate her beginning : she was then but two miles in compasse : but after she grew fat , she burnished to 50. miles about , upon the walls 740. Turrets , and the Inhabitants innumerable . For those memorable actions which were performed in her under the antique Empire , we will referre the Reader to a particular Description , derived wholly to that purpose . As it is now , it stands somewhat lower on the bankes of Tiber , in the Campus Martius : she retaines yet 11. miles round , and 200000. Inhabitants , a great part Friers , and such odde idle fellowes , which pretend to Religion , for want of other meanes to live : Cloyster themselves up to a single life , onely to avoyd the charge and incumbrances of marriage , not to separate themselves from the world or desires of the flesh : for among them they maintaine commonly 40000. Curtizans in good custome , and so rich , that they are able to pay 30000. Duckets yeerely to the Pope . The buildings , in which they most glory in , are the Church of Saint Peter , the Castle of Saint Angelo , the Vaticane Library , and the Popes Palace . The truth is , there is pride enough to attire the whore of Babylon , as there can hardly be any other meant then Rome : she sits upon the Beast with seven heads : for she was built upon seven Hills , Palatinus , Capitolinus , Viminalis , Aventinus , Esquilinus , Caelius , Quirinalis : was ruled first by seven Kings , and hath beene since subject to seven severall formes of government ; if you joyn the Popedome to those former , which I have now mentioned . ( 20 ) The Common-wealth of Venice , on the North of the Papacis , is a large Territory , and is now as famous for State-policie as it hath beene heretofore glorious for warlike atchievements . The Inhabitants were first a people of lesser Asia , and assisted their neighbour Troians in their tenne yeares quarrell with the Greekes . So long since they were knowne by the name of Heneti : and that differs not much from Veneti as they are now called . Though they have a Duke , yet it is a free State , and governed by an Aristarchie : for he is ordered to the very cloaths on his back , by a certaine number of the chiefe Citizens of Venice ( for that is their Gentry , ) and hath his allowance out of their treasury ( little enough to keepe him from the thought of tyranny ) about 40000. Duckets by the yeare . The Citie it selfe is eight miles round , built upon 72. Ilands , five miles from the firme land , but for convenience of passage is alwaies furnisht with Boats , and hath 4000. Bridges . Their Arsnall keepes in continuall readinesse 200. Gallies . In their Magazin of warre , there is ever furniture for 100000. men at Armes . The younger brothers of the Gentry may not marry to increase the number beyond maintenance : yet to make up their libertie , they allow them stewes . Her Provinces are ( 1 ) Marca Trarigniana , and her chiefe Cities are Truisco and Padua ( the Vniversitie best frequented by Physicians , by reason of her rare garden of simples , ) and Verona , with many others . ( 2 ) Frinby . ( 3 ) Histria . ( 4 ) Part of Dalmatia . ( 5 ) The Ilands , Candie , Corsica , Ithaca , Zaus , Leucadia , Cythera , &c. ( 21 ) The Dukedome of Florence betwixt the Appennius Mountaines on the North , and the Tyrrhene Sea on the South , hath on the West Romagna , and Pissco , on the East . A great part of it was Tuscanie , and gives yet to their Prince the title of great Duke of Tuscanie . Her chiefe cities are Florence , where the most elegant Italian is spoke familiarly , and Pisa , which the Florentines besieged and conquered by the valor of our English Sr. Iohn Haukwood , who raised himselfe by his brave carriage in the wars , having beene before but a very poore Taylor in Essex ; the third is Pistoya , where first began the quarrell of the Guelfes and Ghibellines . ( 22 ) The Dukedome of Millain in Lombardy , on the South of Tragniana , North of Liguria , West of Mantua , and East of Piedmont . A pleasant and rich Province . Her chiefe City Millain of seven miles compasse , the seat of Saint Ambrose his Bishoprick . ( 23 ) The Dukedome of Mantua on the East of Millain , is of circuit not much short of Florence : and her chiefe Towne is Mantua , who may still glory in the birth of that excellent Poet Virgil. It is very strongly situated , and fenced on three sides with water a quarter of a mile broad : and the rest is guarded by a firme wall . And to this Principalitie belongs the Dukedome of Mount-ferrat in the South-east of Piedmont . ( 24 ) The Dukedome of Vrbin in the middest of the Papall Territories , and upon the North side of the Appennius Mountaines . Her principall City is Vrbino , the birth-place of another Virgil : though not of equall fame : yet one in whom we have somewhat more interest : for he writ an English History , being at that time here resident , and Collector of the Popes Peter-pence . Besides this , here are two hundred Castles . The rocke of Saint Leo , Marivol , &c. Some other Townes as Cabe , Pisanco , &c. ( 25 ) The Principalitie of Parma on the South of Mantua , and the North of the Appennius : East of Millain , and West of Medena : Besides other Commodities , which she yeelds in equall plenty with other parts of Italy : sends a pleasant Cheese into other Countries , which we call Parmasans . And her chiefe Citie is Parma . This Principate carries with it Mirandula and her Territories , a place oft heard of by the common mention which is made of learned Picus de Mirandula . ( 26 ) The State of Genoa is contracted now from that large compasse which heretofore it fetcht in . It contained once Liguria and Capua , with the Taurica Chersonesus , Hetruria , & a faire company of Ilands in the Greeke Seas . Little left at this time upon the maine Land besides Liguria , and that lyeth betwixt the Rivers Varus and Marca , hath the Alpes on the West , which divide her from Provence : Hetruria on the East : on the North the Appennius Mountaines , and on the South the Tyrrh●ene Seas . She hath her name from the chiefe Citie built by Ianus . It is in compasse eight miles : and the houses for two stories high are built with Marble . The people noble minded : and forward to any honourabale action , be it in the warres by Land , or hazzard by Sea. One Christopher Columbus is sufficiēt to make good this Elogy , for whose birth she deserves to be honoured to the worlds end . The women of Genoa are the most happy of any in Italy ; for they may see a man , and speak , and be courted , if not too boldly , without suspition of their friends , or jealousie of their husbands . ( 27 ) The State of Luca is in Tuscanie , and comprehends the Territories and Citie Luca , built by Lucumo King of Italy upon the River Serchius . It was once the randevouse of Pompey , Caesar , and Crassus . Here they joyned their forces in their great attempt . This hath beene the Emperours , the Genoa's , the Venetians , the Millanoy's , and the Florentines in their severall turnes . They now rest under the protection of the King of Spaine . The Description of the Kingdom of Hungary IT is not without example of good authoritie , if I take into this Description , not onely that part which is now more peculiarly knowne by the name of Hungarie ; but the whole Countrey likewise of Daria , which was once one with it , though time and fortune have at last severed them : so that each hath now its owne Princes , Laws , Customes , Language and Religion different from other . I the rather take to my selfe this leave , to avoyd both the charge and trouble of ordering for every one , a severall Table . ( 2 ) First then the Kingdome of Hungarie is on the Southeast of Germanie , and joynes upon the Dukedome of Austria . They heretofore divided betwixt them the Countrey of Pannonia , Austria was the superior , and this the inferior Pannonia . Their government and titles are now dis-joyned ; and Austria hath got the start in power : for she is the mother of many German Princes , and hath drawne the Crowne Imperiall almost into a succession . ( 3 ) Yet is Hungarie still an absolute Kingdome : and if not so rich and populous as heretofore , it must not take from her honour , since her fortunes sunke not through want of valour , and fault of her former Inhabitants : but have beene for a long time ▪ exposed to hazzard in the defence of Christendome against the mis-beleeving Turke : and for that , it hath beene by some styled the Cockpit of the world , where once in a yeare at least a prize is played , and some ground either won or lost by either partie . ( 4 ) The first Inhabitants of this Countrey were the Pannones : those were expulsed by the Gothes : And when the Gothes went into Italy , it was left to the possession of the Hunni , a Scythian people , which lived before neere the Palus Maeotis : and when they saw their time , changed their seat : and about the yeare three hundred seventie three , brake by great multitudes into these parts of Europe , which they held till they were displaced by the Lombards . These last were the Winnili , which lived in Scandia or Scandinaria , a Northerne Peninsula , betwixt the Germane and Hyperborean Seas . Their seat it seemes was too barren for their number ; and meere want of victualls forced them to seeke better sustenance in some other quarter . They over-ran many Countries , ere they could find any one to their content : Among the rest the Pannonia had her course : and here they continued till they marched into Italy , under the command of Alboinnus , where after 200. yeares , their Kingdome was ruinated by Charlemain . ( 5 ) When it was thus left by Lombards , the Hunnes returned to their former seat : and after some time of rest , grew up to a potent Nation , able to encounter the Romane Macrinus , to breake his Forces , and returne victors from the battaile . About the yeare 439. they chose for their King , Attyla , whose inscription was , Attyla Mundizi filius , & Magni Nim : nepos Engadiae natus , divinâ benignitate , Hunnorum , Medorū Gothorum , ac Danorū , metus orbis , Deique flagellum . An insolent title ; but indeed he was victorious over most parts of the then known world , and bethought himselfe of enlarging his Territories in Asia and Africa : But that designe was drowned in wine and lust ; which at length brought him to a most miserable destruction : For in the night time , when he had filled himselfe with both , as he lay by his Concubine , with his face upward in a dead sleep , his nose gusht a bleeding , and choked him , being not able to recover himselfe from his back to give it passage . ( 6 ) Since this settling , they were once more disturbed by the Lombards : and after by Charles the Great : so that they were not well fastened in their possession of this Countrey , till the time of the Emperour Arnulphus , about the yeare 900. And in deed at this day hardly enjoy it , by reason of the incredible spoyls and massacres which the Tartars commit amongst them . This last name of Hungaria without doubt had the Originall from their present Inhabitants and their Predecessors , which at times have peopled this Countrey above 1200. yeares . ( 7 ) This Hungaria propria is bound on the West with Austria , on the East with the River Tibiscus : on the North with Poland and Russia , and on the South with the River Savus . ( 8 ) The land thus limited , it is hard to beleeve what most Geographers report of her fertility . That she yeelds Corne thrice in one yeare , almost without any tillage or care of the husbandman . Fruit of all kinds in great abundance , and grapes which make an excellent , wholesome , and rich wine . It breeds Cattle in such plenty , that this one Countrey , besides stores for her owne Inhabitants , sends Sheepe and Oxen into forraigne Nations , which lye about her : and might ( say they ) suffice to feed all Europe with flesh . Venison is not here any dainties : Does , Haires , Harts , Goates , Boares , &c. are every mans meate : and the game common , as well to the Boores as Gentry : And so for Phesant , Partridge , Black-birds , Pigeons , most fowle , wild and tame . ( 9 ) The earth is inricht with variety of Mines , which yeelds her plenty of Iron , Steele , Copper , Silver and Gold : Lead she hath not , and scarce at all any Tinne . Her Rivers are equally commodious , as well for their owne wealth , as fit conveyance of forraigne Merchandize by shipping into their quarters . The chiefe and onely one indeed which belongs properly to this Region , is Tibiscus or Teissa : and this imparts not her streames to any other Countrey , but fully and freely payes her tribute to the Hungarian , more Fish then can be spent yearly within their owne limits . It passeth proverbially upon this River , that two parts of it are water , and a third fish . The rest , which are common to this , with other Countries , are Danubius ( here Ister ) and Savus and Darvus , all of them well stored with water provision , and in some places cast up a sand mixt with very good Gold. Here are besides many waters of excellent vertues : whereof some turne Wood into Iron , others Iron into Brasse : Some very medicinall for sundry diseases : others againe so pestiferous , that they kill the creature which doth but tast them . The like is reported of an Hiatus in the ground , unaccessable by any but the fowles of the ayre , and those fall suddenly dead with the stench which ascends from it . ( 10 ) The people for the most part are strong , f●rce , revengefull , harsh to strangers : briefly , ill mannered and worse learned : For they affect not either liberall Arts or mechanicke Trades . Yet it affords one of the most reverend Fathers of our Church good Saint Hierome . Their greatest pride is their name of a war-like Nation : and the basest infamie to put up the terme of coward . Yet the person charged may not acquit himselfe upon his upbraider : but must make good his honour in single combate with a Turke : when he hath overcome him ( and not till then ) he may ( by order of the Countrey ) weare a Feather , as a note of his true Gentry . The sonnes onely are inheritors . If it chance that the males sayle , the estate descends not to the daughters : but is forfeit to the common treasury . They have no portion with their wives , but a wedding garment : and till they are married , neither one nor th' other are accustomed to lye in beds . Their language is the Scythian , and their Religion diverse : some Pap●sts , more Protestants . They received Christianitie above six hundred years since . ( 11 ) Hungarie hath beene heretofore divided in citeriorem & ulteriorem . The former citra , and the other ultra Danubium . And both againe had their division into fiftie Counties , as Maginus calls them . Her most illustrious Cities are ( 1 ) Buda the Metropolis , and seat of their Kings , before it was taken by the Turke . For pleasant situation , wholesome ayre , fertile fields about her , stately buildings , and whatsoever else may commend her , Quadus sets her equall with any other in Europe . Vadianus mentions here a statute of Hercules , which himself saw made of Brasse to artificially , that the very veines were lively expressed : besides the ruines of other rich work , a goodly Library furnisht by Matthias Corvinus King of Hungarie . But at his being there it was not in the glory that it had beene : and not long after was for the most part utterly wasted by the inhumane Turkes . It is commonly called Offen : and is thought by some to be the same with Curta in Ptolemies descriptions . map of Hungary THE MAPE OF HUNGARI newly augmented by Iohn Speede Ano Dom : 1626. ( 13 ) Dacia is on the East of Hungary , and is divided on the North from Sarmatia by the Carpathian mountaines ; on the South from Greece with Haemu● ; and on the East reacheth the Pontus Euxinus . The first Inhabitants were the Masii of As●a . Afterward the Daci , or ( as Strabe cals them , ) the Dari , a Nation of so slavish a disposition , that the Athenians brought them into a Proverbe : and in their Comedies presented their Sycophants , under no other name then Dari. The Countrey is fruitfull and enricht with Mines : their horses are very comely , and their manes so long , that they touch the ground . Their last King before it was made a Province to the Romans was Decebalus , who ( as Dion delivers it ) affrighted the Emperour from an assault which he intended , with an incredible number of stakes , stuck up in battell array , and attired in his Souldiers old habits . A wodden shift it was , but served him for the present : yet after , he was vanquished by Traian ; and being sunke ( by the fortune of warre ) below the hope of recovering his Kingdome , fell upon his owne sword . It is now divided into ( 1 ) Transylvania ( ● ) Moldavia . ( 3 ) Walacbia . ( 4 ) Servia . ( 5 ) Rascia . ( 6 ) Bulgaria . ( 7 ) Bosnia . ( 14 ) Transylvania is the Province of Dacia , and was it selfe called Dacia mediterranea & Ripensis Dacia . Since Transylvania , because it was compassed with woods : and septem Castra from her seven Castles of defence upon the Frontiers , built by the Saxons , who questionlesse gave her the German name Sibenburgen , which she yet keeps as a remembrance of her residence in these parts . The Countrey is populous and fertile : It breeds faire and fierce horses , wild bulls : Indeed their men in some parts are not very tame . Toward the North in the Province Za●culcia they live most upon the spoyle , maintaining continuall warres with the Turkes and Germanes , and acknowledge no difference of worth or degrees among themselves . Their government or rather want of government is compared to the Helvetian . Three places they have , Hisdy , Corbay , and Scepsy , whither they resort to determine of their State businesse . The chiefe Townes of Transilvania are Harmenstad , Alba Iulia , or Weisenburg , Clansenburg , Schlesburg , Millenbachium , Corona , or Cronstant . ( 15 ) Moldavia lyeth in the North of Transylvania , and reacheth as farre as the Euxine Sea : on the West it hath part of Ruthenia . This Countrey hath beene by course in the severall possessions of the Emperour of Germany , the King of Poland , and sometimes the Turke , thereafter as it was cast by chance of war. It was a Vayvodate , and her chiefe Cities Occazonia , Fuchiana , and Falezing . To this Moldavia belongs the Countrey of the Bessi , mentioned by Ovid in his 6. de Tristibus . Vivere quam miserum est inter Bessosque Getasque ! They were a people of Thrace not farre from Pontus who lived most by theft and pillage , and after possest the Mountaine Hamus , and a part which lies betwixt it and Lituania , and from the Inhabitants beares the name of Bessaralia . The principall Towns are Kilim , and Chermen . This last is the seat of the Turkish Sanziacke : for the whole Province became subject to his tyranny in the yeare 1485. ( 16 ) Walachia is supposed rather to have beene first named Flaccia , by the Roman Flac●us , who placed here a Colony , which have continued the Latine tongue to this day among the Inhabitants , though in a corrupt idiome , such as can hardly be understood . Neere to this , over the River Danubius , stands Pons Traianus built by the Emperour Traianus Nervaza work worth admiration , as appeares by those ruinous parcells which are yet standing . It hath puzzled the best Artificers to find out how such a vast foundation could be framed in so deepe and fierce a streame , which could not be turned into any other course to give way to the building . The Countrey abounds with good commodities , Gold , Silver , and Iron , Salt-Pits , Wine , Cattell , and excellent great Horses . The chiefe Cities are Sabinivus , Prailaba and Tergoresta . ( 17 ) Servia lyes divided from Hungari● and Rascia , with the River Savus on her North , and Bosnia on her West . It was the seat of the ancient Triballi , who met with Philip King of Macedonia , and tooke from him the spoiles which he had brought from Mateas King of the Sarmatians . It was it seemes but a barbarous people , and therefore Aristophanes in one of his Comedies among his mock-gods names Marathane-triballos . Her chiefe Cities are ( 1 ) Taurunum , which Pliny placeth in the utmost bounds of Pannonia . It is commonly knowne by the name of Belgard and Alba Graeca . It is not so great as glorious : nor is it fortified so much with walls as Rivers . It lyeth open for a siege onely one way : which the Turke often attempted , and reckoned with great losse : yet at last in the yeare one thousand five hundred twenty one it gave up to Solyman , and became a Province to his Empire . It stands neere where the Rivers Danubius and Savus are dissevered : and is the Towne which the Hungarians report to have been once delivered by the admirable industrie of Ioannes Capistranus a Franciscan , who is much honoured for the action , by those of his own Society : But Ioannes Huniades that great Souldier and terrour to the Turke challengeth the glory as his peculiar Vadianus . ( 2 ) Samandria , and ( 3 ) St●nib●rg . ( 18 ) Rascia is on the North of Danubius , where it parts with the River Sa●m , and lyeth betwixt Servia and Bulgaria . In her chiefe Citie Boden there is kept a Fayre once every yeare : and much people resort for enterchange of commodities from most Countries there-about . ( 19 ) Bulgaria some what Northeast from Rascia , and is bounded with Danubius upon the South . Theophylact was here Bishop , and was called Bulgarius : Neere this is the Citie Tom●s , where Ovid lived in Banishment , as himselfe mentioneth in his 3. de Tristibus . The principall cities at this present are ( 1 ) Sophia , the seat of the Beylerbeg of Greece . And ( 2 ) Nicopolis . The ornament of their Kings was Imperiall , a crowne of gold , attire of silke and red shooes . Their title 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a terme allowed by the Greeke Emperours , to those onely , which might weare this habit , the rest they called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , as much as Reges . ( 20 ) Bosnia on the West of Servia , and South of the River Savus , had her name from the Bossi or Bessi , the people of Bulgaria : within the memory almost of our Fathers it was governed by Kings , and as yet retaines the title of the Kingdome of Bosnia . The chief Towns are Cuzachium and Iaziga : the first is the place of residencie , and the second of buriall for the Bosnian Kings . Heretofore the Citie Sinderoria had that honour , which some suppose to be the same that was once called Dardanum . The Description of the Kingdom of Denmark THe Kingdome of Denmarke strikes into the Sea , upon the North of Germanie , as Italy on the South : the manner of both is not much unlike : and the glory of this heretofore was not inferiour . For how ever in this latter ages , the pride of Rome hath pranked up her Territories in gay apparrell : yet the day was , when both she and they stooped to the Inhabitants of this Countrey , though then knowne by another name of Cimbria Chersonesus . Three Romane Consuls , Manilius , Sillanus , and Cepio fell by their sword : and the Empire it selfe ( it seems ) was in a shrewd hazzard , when their owne Historian reports , that Actum esset de imperio , nisi illi saeculo Marius contigisset . ( 2 ) The people were then and had beene from their beginning the Cimbri , a Progenie of Gomer , first sonne of Iapheth ; who before they removed into this quarter of the world , dwelt in the inner Asia , neer the straight which passeth from the Pontus Euxinus to the Palus Maotis : there we yet find the Bosphorus Cimmericus in Ptolemy , which took name from the Cimmerii : for so they were called at large , and by contraction Cimbri . ( 3 ) From thence they were in time disturbed by the Scythians , and forced to seek them a new seat for their habitation , which ( after long travell ) here they found fittest for their securitie , as being a Peninsula fenced almost round with Seas , from the force of all forreigne Enemies : Yet here too they met at last with a worse danger , which they could lesse resist . For the maine Ocean brake into a great part of the Countrey : displaced many of their Colonies , and sent them Petitioners to Rome for a dwelling within her Dominions : but their entreatie being with some neglect denied ; it kindled the sparkes , which to this time had laine ( as it were ) dead in a dejected Nation , and now they brake out into flames , which stirred them to require that by force of Armes , which they could not request by submissive Oratorie . ( 4 ) Hence grew their first quarrell with the Romans , which they put on with that courage , and successe , that they were imboldened at last to assault the very Citie , with so strong Forces , that the glory of it began to shake , and had shattered to pieces , had not the victo●y followed rather the fortune of one Marius then the valour of the whole Roman Legions : and that too ( as some relate it ) was bought of his heathenish gods at a deare rate , by the bloudy sacrifice of his owne Daughter . The great and most memorable Encounter was sixe hundred and forty yeares after the Citie was built , about an hundred and eleven before Christ. And then indeed they received ( in a manner ) a fatall Crush , which quelled them for the present : yet not so , but that in after ages , they recovered strength and fame : spread their victories over the most part of Europe : and left their name ( for many yeares since that ) in Italy it selfe . ( 5 ) For without doubt those Cimmerii mentioned by Strabo , which lived on the North side of the Appennine Mountaines neere Boianum , were of this stock , and of that note , as the gave occasion for many Proverbs and Fables to both Greek and Latine Poets . It was a people which belike seldome saw Sunne , but lurked for the most part under ground , lived upon theft , and issued forth onely in the night , a season most fit for deeds of Darkenesse : and so was their whole course , which caused our well known Adage of tenebrae Cimmeriae pro denscssimâ caligine . Their horrid dennes , and dismall Rivers , which ranne by the place of their abode , bred at length a terror in the silly Heathens , and was esteemed by them , the passage down to their Elizium . So Homer gives it in the second of his Odysses , and Virgill in his sixth of the Aeneidos : and h●re did Naso feign his house of sleep , Metamorph. 11. Est propè Cimmerios longo sp●lunca racessu Mons Carus , ignavi domus & penitralia Somni . ( 6 ) Thus was their Originall and progresse for the first age , whilest it continued in the possession of the Cimmerians . The next which succeeded were the Saxons , a people no lesse famous : but since their Story hath been else-where remembred in our other Descriptions , it must give place here to the third Invader the Danes , who whilest the Saxons were imployed with us here in the Conquest of England , start out of those p●tty Iles in the Sinus Codanus , and took up their roome in this Peninsula . There they have continued to this day : and added other Territories to their Dominions : so that the then Cimbria Cbersonesus is but a parcell of the now Kingdome of Denmarke , ( as shall appeare when we come to her division ) and that onely which in our latter times is called Iuitland and runs Northward in forme almost of a Hounds tongue into the Balticke Ocean . ( 7 ) The Danes ( like enough ) were at first one Nation with the Cimbri , but being together expulsed by the Scythians from their native soyle , they were severally dispersed , though not at any great distance . These setled themselves in the Northerne ●l●s , as the other did in their Chersonesus . The first ( at their removall ) varied not their antique name of Cimbri : As for Chersonesus it is no● peculiar to this Countrey , being as common as Peninsula : for it imports no more 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 à terrâ & Insulâ : and of these there are many more , some perhaps of equal ●ame . Taurica Chersonesus was not far distant from the place of their first aboad ; Peloponnesus well known in Greece , Thracia Chersonesus in Thrace : and Aurea Chersonesus in India . ( 8 ) But the Danes it seemes suffered some change as well in their name as fortunes . Sxao Grammaticus gives it to one Dan the sonne of Huniblus , which was their first Governour in their new Common-wealth . But this is controlled by Becanus ( saith Quade ) who renders another Etymon , how likely I leave to those , which can best judge by their skill in the Danish Language . The Cimbri ( saith he ) when they were grown to great multitudes , bethought themselves of severall names to distinguish their Colonies : Each following their owne conceit best to expresse the qualitie , in which they most gloried . Among the rest some there were which affecting at least the opinion of a valiant people , such as scorned riches without honour , honour without victory , and victory without the blood of their Enemies : assumed their name from that creature , which Nature had marked out with this Character . Gallum igitur gallinaceum , tum bellicae la●dis , et generosissimi animi , tum indolis regalis et militis strenui , et ad omnia m●menta vigilis optimum exemplar , ut pro Symbolo et synthemate quodam sibi acceperunt , ita nomen quoque ab eo placuit mutuari ; Vocarunt enim sese Dic Hanem et composite per concisionem Danem quod Gallinaceum significat . ( 9 ) How ever the Etymon may be farre fetcht , for ought I know , yet doubtlesse at this day they make good the Elogie of a valiant and warlike Nation : strong of body , bigge boned , and of a terrible countenance , ambitious of a glorious death , rather then a sluggish idle life . It is the saying of Valerius Maximus Cimbros et C●ltiberos in acie gaud●o exultare consuevisse , tanquam gloriosè et faelici èr vitâ excessuros : lamentari verò in morbo , quasi turpitèr peritur●s . We our selves heretofore have felt their stroakes , and submitted to their conquests in the time of Osbert King of Northumberland . They were provoked by a rape done upon the sister of the Danish King : For which the poore English dearely payd , with two hundred fifty five years servitude under their Tyranny . Yet since we have had , and at this time doe injoy the benefit of their magnanimitie , under the personall conduct of the right valiant and illustrious King Christian , who hazzards both his state and life in the behalfe of his deare neece Elizabeth , and her royall husband the Prince Palatine of the Rheine . map of Denmark THE KINGDOME OF DENMARKE augmented by Iohn Speede & are to be sold in pops head Alley by G. Humble ( 11 ) Their chiefe person of fame in course of Learning , was Ticho Brahe , an excellent Mathematician : memorable for his artificiall Towre in the Isle of Fi●●ra . In Religion the greatest part of them are now Lutherans , but were first converted to Christianity by Ansuerus . ( 12 ) We are come to her division , which the Sea almost hath made to our hands . For her severall Provinces are well nigh so many Ilands at least Peninsulae . The chiefe are ( 1 ) Iuttia , or the old Cimbria Chersonesus . ( 2 ) Diethmarsia ( 3 ) Scania . ( 4 ) Hall●ndia . ( 5 ) Blescide . ( 6 ) The Ilands in the Sinus Codanu● , which lye betwixt Iuttia and Scania : That is the West , and this the East limits of the Danish Dominions , North and South are the Ocean and the River Esdora or Hever . ( 13 ) Iuttia as it was the first , so is it the principall part of this Kingdome : Her bounds , upon the West , and East , and North , are the Balticke Seas ; and upon the South , it is joyned to Holsatia and the Istumes of Diethmarsia . It is in length , saith Maginus , eightie German miles from the River Albis to the Cimbricke Promontory called Scagen , and in bredth twenty . It is a fruitfull Region , for Wheat , Rie , Barley , &c. And in the Northwest there is good Pasture , though more Northward it becomes sandie and barren , and puts the Inhabitants to fish for their victuals , by which they make a shift to live , though hardly enough God knows , in poore sh●ddes slightly clapped together , and of as slender stuffe , such as if need be they can remove at their pleasure upon very short warning , and beare them away almost upon their back . They transport into other Countries great store of good Horses , for service , besides Barley , Cheese , Butter , Suet , Hides , and rich Skinnes , Nuts and Fish. In this Province are twenty eight Cities , twenty Castles , and foure Bishop-Sees : Ripe●sis , Arthusiensis , and Aelburga , all neere to the Sea-side , Wilburga in the up-land Countrey . From this Province came the Iuits , who joyned in with the Saxons and Angles to Conquer England . Her chiefe Townes as Rincopen , Holne , and Achausen . ( 14 ) Diethmarsia is situated betwixt the Rivers Albis and Eidera . They were a parcell of the old German Saxons : and the Countrey it selfe is by some yet reckoned the lower Saxony : but is in subjection to the King of Denmarke : for it is the seat and title of his first sonne and heire apparent , as the Dolphinate is to the sonne of France , and Wales to the sonne of England . Her Metropolis is Breme : the rest Meldorpe , and Heininckst , & Tellinckst , and other rich Townes : yet the soyle cannot be very fertile , by reason of the moyst ayre and her many marshes , especially toward the North , which makes it unfit for tillage , and indeed impassable for travellers : Vpon which impediments the Inhabitants have made this advantage to keepe out all forraigne Invaders , and appropriate what wealth they have to their owne secure possession . ( 15 ) Scania or Scandinaria , in the largest compasse , comprehends more then belongs to the Kingdome of Denmarke : and is invironed round about with the Seas , except on that side where it is joyned to Muscovie . On her West is the Kingdome of Norwey , on her East Swethland , and upon the South of that , is this Scania , which gives place to no Region ( at least within these Dominions ) either for wholesome ayre , or fertile soyle , for commodious Havens , and plenty of Merchandize ; for dainty Rivers or store of Fish , for Cattell , Mines of Iron , Lead , Silver and Gold , faire Townes and civill Customes . The Metropolis is Lunpis . This whole Province is some eighteene miles in length , and in bredth about twelve in some places : in others not above six . ( 16 ) Hallaudia on the North of Scania , and South of S●ecia , is bounded with the Seas upon the West , and on the East with vast woods , which divide her from Gothland . It is a fertile Region , and not much unlike unto Scandia , but that it comes some what short of her happinesse in soyle . Her chiefe Towne is Hallans●e . ( 17 ) Blescida or Blicker is bounded on the East and South with the Balticke Ocean , and on the North is parted from Scania by a little patch of the Sea. It is a Region full of Rocks , Woods , and Mountains . Her chiefe Citie and Castle is Culmaria , a strong defence against the Swethlander : and the next Towne of note , is Malmogia , the birth-place of Casparus Bartholinus a late approved VVriter in the Arts. ( 18 ) In the Sinus Codanus neere to the Cimbria Chersonesus , there are numbred 35. Ilands . The chiefe are ( 1 ) Zealand , in length 64. miles , in breadth 52. it containes in it 13. Cities , 7. Castles , with divers pretty townes and villages . The Metropolis is Haffnia , the single Vniversitie within the King of Denmarkes government . And here is his chiefe place of residencie , which by the Germans is called Koppenhagen , the Merchants haven . Her other Townes are Roschilt a Bish. See , and heretofore a stong Fortresse , well furnisht for warre , and honored with the Sepulchres of some of their Kings : but yet it is now at a lower ebbe , and of little respect . Elsnor or Helsinura is a Sea-Towne . That in Helsinura is called Croneburgh , well furnished with all provision . The other in Scania Helsinburgh of equall strength , to cause the best Shippe to cast Anchor and satisfie their King , before they shall have the way open out of the Balticke into the Ocean . ( 19 ) ( 2 ) Fionia or Firnera is second to Zealand both in bignesse and plenty of rich Commodities . It is in length 12. miles , and 4. in bredth . A pleasant Region , fertile and fruitfull . Here are in this Iland ● . Cities : the chiefe is Ottonium , Odensch or Oesell , in the very middle almost . It was a Bish. See , well built , but ill fenced : for it hath been oft times wasted and burnt by the Enemie . The other Townes are upon the Sea-coast , and their names are Neburgh , Sinborch , Feborgh , Asc●ns , Eorgena , Middlefar and K●rtemunde : besides some Castles , many villages and Noble-mens houses . ( 20 ) ( 3 ) Laglant 7. miles in length , and hath in it many villages and faire buildings . The Citie Rutheopinga , and the Castle Trancura . ( 4 ) Loilant neere Seelant . It is so full of Hazels , that they fraught Shippes with Nuts and traffique for them into many other Countries . It hath 5. Townes , Nistad , Nasco , Togrop , Rothus , and Marilus , with some strong Castles , pretty villages and Noble-mens houses . ( 5 ) Falsteria in length foure miles . Her Cities are Stubecopen & Nicopen a pleasant and a faire one , for which she is by some styled the Neopolis of Denmarke . ( 6 ) M●na or M●●n . In this is the Citie Stecke and Elmelanda . ( 7 ) Femera or Femeren . Her chiefe Cities are Derborch , and Petersborn , and Stabull : and here is the Castle Vraniburgh , built by the great Mathematician Ticho Brahe , which besides the fame of its owne artificiall structure , is much celebrated , for the admirable instruments , which are there kept , whereby the particular motion of the Heavens is excellently observed . ( 21 ) ( 8 ) And to this Kingdome belongs the Iland Boruh●lme , which lies in the Balticke Seas , called more particularly Mare Su●vicum , betwixt Blicker and Pomerama . It is a Region of excellent Pasture , and feeds abundance of Cattell : and therefore is full of Butter , Cheese , Wooll , Hides , &c. and sends into other Countries much of their provision for victuals , poudred and barrelled up for the longer keeping . It hath some well peopled Townes : the chiefe is Bor●holme . It had laine for fifty yeares together in pawne to the State of Lubecke ; but was redeemed by Fredericke the second . ( 22 ) From these and those many other Northerne Ilands there have issued in severall ages an innumerable sort of Nations , which like so many birds , as Maginus calls them , have flowne over the greatest part of our Christian world . He concludes that ex his Insulis olim , Gothi , Ostrogothi , Vestrogothi , Vandali , Franci , Cimbri , Gepidae , Dani , Hunni , Suedi , Herculi , Rugi , Alani , Longobardi , Alemani , & alii plures , Danubio & Rheno superatis , omnem Europam , & praes●rtim , ipsam Italiam , altricem imperii & dominam 400. et plus annis perpetuâ quadam regionum successione subiugarunt , as Romani nominis gloriam ferè omnem exti●xerunt . The Description of POLAND . THE Kingdome of Poland borders upon the East side of Germanie , and indeed as farre as the River Vistula , it is accounted a part of the Empire : and useth the same speech , Religions and Customes as the other Territories , admitting onely that variety , which all of them have among themselves : and must needs be found in so large compasse , governed by so many severall free Princes . Beyond the River as it shrinkes from the seat of Christianity , so it begins to degenerate into a kind of Heathenish rudenesse , which favours of their predecessors . ( 2 ) For this Tract is a part of Sarmatia Europaea , and the first Inhabitants were the Sauromatae a Scythian people , as well for barba●isme as by name . It was next possest by the Vandalls , an active Nation , of whom we have had some inkling at least , almost in every place which we have past . For they have spread their victories through Europe , and have left either name or story behind them in Spaine , France , Italy , Germanie , Thrace , and where not ? Their most received pedegree is from Vandalus ( wh●m Tacitus remembers ) the Tuscane King , of the progenie of Tuisco first founder of the Germanes . Yet Munster in his Cosmographie mentions a pr●tty conjecture of some well wishers , it seemes ( perhaps to their owne Countrey ) which give the originall of their name of Vandalls to one Vanda , a Queene of Poland . ( 3 ) Briefly , were the Vandalls natives or were they invaders ; here they were found , and ejected by the Sclavonians , and these were the third Inhabitants of Polonia . She was over runne at the same time , and had the same fortune with Bohemia : they were both lost to their old Lords , and divided betwixt the two runagate brothers of Croatia , Zechius and Lechius , who being forced ( for a murder ) out of their own soyle , brought on their crue into these parts , about the yeare 550. and here have continued ( in their posteritie ) to this day . They are as yet remembred in the very names of the people . For the Bohemians in their proper language call themselves Zechians , and in the grea - Poland there is still extant a Territorie , knowne by the title of Regnum Lechitorum . ( ) Her Etymon signifieth no other , then the sight of the Countrey , as the Sclavonians first descried it . For it was a Champian or plaine field , and so is Pole-land interpreted out of the Sclavonish tongue . It was before called Sarmatia , and the people Sauromatae , ab oculis Lacertarum , Lizzards eyes , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a propertie ( it seemes ) which gave name to all her Nations . For this was divided from another Sarmatia by the River Tanais : that on the one side was Asiatica , for the most part wilde , heathenish Idolaters , and in the farthest parts of Scythia some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 : this other is Europaea , which being joyned with some parts of Germany West-ward to the River Odera , Silesia , & Moravia make up the Kingdome of Polonia , as it is here described . ( 5 ) The bounds then of this great Region are on the West the River Odera , Silesia , and Moravia : on the East the River Neiper , which Ptol●my calleth Boristhenes : on the North Pomerania , or rather the Baltick Ocean , and on the South Russia and the Mountains of Hungarie . And if we will with Maginus take in the out Provinces which belong to this government , we must reach East-ward the Tartars and Muscovites , that live neere on the other side of Boristhenes : and North-eastward part of Moscovia , Southward the Hungarian Mountaines , and the Vallacci : in so much that the compasse would come little short of all Spaine , as it lyeth beyond the Pyrenaean . ( 6 ) The principall Rivers of Poland are ( 1 ) Vist●la , it hath its rise in the Carpathian Mountaines , which divide this Kingdome from Hungarie , and it selfe runs into the Balticke , but by the way takes in divers other streames , on the West out of the Polonia Germanica , and on the East out of the Sarmatica . It is navigable 400. miles . ( ) Neister which hath her fountaines in the hills of Hungarie , and glides Eastward , on the South of Podolia , into the Pontus Euxinus . ( 3 ) Neipher or Boristhenes , which bounds the Kingdome on the East is navigable 600. stadia , and runnes from North to South , into the Pontus Euxinus , where there is naturally cast up plenty of Salt , which needs no art to perfect it . ( 4 ) Rubin in Lituania . ( 5 ) Hypanis , now Bugh , not farre distant from the Citie Oleska , and falls at last into the River Vistula ; with many others of lesser note , though all conduce to make the Countrey in some kinds very fertile . ( 7 ) For it abounds with most sorts of Corne and Pulse , sufficient both for their owne spending , and continuall traffique into other Countries . Many of her neighbouring Regions could not well misse her plenty , as well of Wheate , Rie , and Barley , as Beeves and other Cattle , which give supply to Saxonie , and the rest of Germany neere hand , which hardly yeeld enough for their Inhabitants out of their owne store . The blessing of this fertility cannot come alone : but must needs bring with it the l●ke riches of Butter , Cheese , Milke , Waxe , Honey , and what ever else hath its birth from the ground . It is wel-nigh past beleefe which is reported of their multitudes of Bees , such as yeeld more Hony and Waxe , then the people can find roome for : They need here neither art , nor care of the good huswife to order their hives , but naturally are their owne Gardians , and provide so diligently for their owne safety within the bulks of trees , that they easily passe over the hardest Winter without hurt . There is store of game , both for hunting , fowling , and fishing . In her Forests is seene a kind of wilde Horse with an horne like an Harts , and the Alces , &c. Lastly , among other good commodities , the worst is not her Pitch and Rosin , which yeeld her a large annuall revenew . ( 8 ) Her chiefe wants proceed from her bleake situation : For it is a plaine Countrey , and shadowed for the most part with Woods ; very cold , and by that meanes she hath little Oyle , and scarce Grapes enough to teach them the use of Wine . A great defect amongst so good drinkers : for they have a name for that equall with any part of Germany : and that I thinke gives no ground to the rest of Europe : But they make a shift to finde themselves play with a kind of Metheglin . Gold or Silver here is not much , unlesse about Cracovia : and ( as Maginus saith ) in Sandomica , wh●re there are likewise some Mines found of the Lapis Lazulus , perfect L●ade , and Iron , and pieces of Copper . Neere the Towns of Nochow , and Palukie , there is extant a kind of miracle , a certain earth naturally formed up into pots , which if you take forth and dry , they diff●r very little by sight from such as are made by hand , and serve aptly for the same use . map of Poland A. NEWE . MAPE of POLAND Done into English by I. Speede ( 10 ) They have a good minde to Religion , but cannot fasten upon any one to their liking ; and therefore they will try all Christians , they have beene ever since the yeare 965. but from that time , they have scarce slipt any error , schisme , or heresie , which hath crept into the Church . Here are Iesuites , and others of the Romish sects . Here are Lutherans & Calvinists , and Arians , and Anabaptists , and Antitrinitarians : none allowed , but all tolerated : and indeed Poland had the seniority of Amsterdame for that old saying : That if a man had lost his Religon , here he might find it . They have one ancient custome in their Churches which me thinks may well interpret our standing up at rehearsall of the Creed : when the Gospel is reading , the Nobility & Gentry unsheath their swords , and stand as it were prepared to defend it with their lives against any which dare violate it . ( 11 ) Their King is chosen by the generall States , and is for the most part some great warriour of their neighbouring Princes : For they have no peace on their East limit , with Muscoves and Tartars , but what they make with the sword . The Laws are onely temporary statutes , there are none fundamentall : But when the King hath any great designe in behalfe of the Common-wealth , he assembles a Councell of the Nobilitie to assist him . His revenues comming in , are thought to be about sixe hundred thousand Crownes : And each quarter of his Kingdome , maintains his expence for one quarter of the yeare . Their first King was Boleslaus , Crowned by Otho 3 in the yeare , 1001. But the regall dignity was lost againe to Boleslaus the bold , who began his raigne 1078. but was deposed by the Pope , and no other suffered to take up the Scepter and rule by the name of King , till the yeare 1295. The first of the second course was Primaslaus the second Duke of Poland and Pomerania : Since whose time there hath beene no breach to this day . ( 12 ) The chiefe Provinces of the Kingdome of Poland as they lye from her West to East are : ( 1 ) Pomerania . ( 2 ) The Dukedomes of Ozwitts and Zator . ( 3 ) Polonia . ( 4 ) Prussia . ( 5 ) Russia nigra . ( 6 ) Samogitia . ( 7 ) Massoria . ( 8 ) Livonia . ( 9 ) Podlassia . ( 10 ) Lituania . ( 11 ) Volhinia . ( 12 ) Podolia . ( 13 ) The first is Pomerania , bounded on the North with the Baltick Ocean , on the West with Germany : and is accounted by some a Province of the Empire , as we have ordred in our description . But in regard the greatest part is subject to the King of Poland , I hope I shall wrong neither to give both their due , and reckon it as well to this government , since it hath an equall , if not a greater title , to the rule , though not to the Inhabitants : for they are most Germans . It is a plaine Countrey , but exceeding fertile and rich in all Commodities , which any other part affords : flourisheth with fortie Cities , which are fenced round either with the Sea , or ditches answerable for safety . Her chiefe stands upon the shore : for it is by nature so well guarded from the violence of the Sea , that they need feare no inundation : but yet have a very easie and secure entrance for shippes . Along the Coast stand Colberg , Camin , Coslin , Gribswald , &c. In the upland Stetinum the Metropolis , Newgard , Lamburge , &c. The people were harsh persecutors of the Church of Christ till the yeare 1122. ( : ) The two Dukedomes of Ozwittes and Zator by Silesia in the West bounds of this Kingdome . They were heretofore sui juris : But now belongs to this government ; The first since the yeare 1454. in the time of Cas●mirus : and the last was brought under by Sigismond the first about an hundred yeares after . ( 3 ) ( 14 ) Polonia is divided iuto the greater and l●ss● . The greater Poland is more Northerne , and joynes upon Pomerania and Prussia . It was therefore called the greater , because here Lechius first planted himselfe and built the Citie Guesna , which was the regall seat till it was translated to Cracovia in the lesser Poland 1320. yet at this day is her Arch-Bishop Primate of the Kingdome : during an interregnum hath the power of a Prince : and Crownes the new King at his inauguration . Polonia the lesse is more Southerne , lyes hard upon Russia and Hungarie . It is now esteemed the more noble part of this Province : For here stands the Metropolis Cra●ovia on the banks of Vistula and Lublin , and other of the best note in Poland . ( 4 ) ( 15 ) Prussia Spruce on the East of Pomerania , hath the Baltick Seas on the North , and Massoria on the South : and on her owne East Lituania . It is now a Dukedome , and containes Cities of note , Dantzke , where Ke●kerman professed , and Mons Regius Regimont : Maneburg , Heilsperge , Culne , &c Her chiefe Commodities is leather much used heretofore to make jerkins , where none more brave then the younger , that could compasse a leather jerkin . Here is likewise great store of Amber , a juyce growing like Corroll in a mountaine of the North Sea , which is cleane covered with water , and cast up by violence of the waves into their Havens . ( 5 ) Russia nigra on the East and South of Poland the lesse , and the North of Hungarie , and West of Podolia , had her name as some suppose first Ruthenia and Russia , which in the Ruthen tongue signifies no other then a dispersed Nation : For so were the Russians through all Sarmatia , Europaea , & part of the Asiatike from the frozen Ocean to the Mediterraneum , & the Sinus Adriaticus , and the Pontus Euxinus , and the Mare Balticum , all that used the Sclavonian tongue , and professed Christ after the manner of the Greekes were called Russi and Rutheni . But the Province here meant is onely the South tract , as much as belongs to the King of Poland , and is called Nigra to distinguish it from Moscovia or Russia Alba. The people are valiant and in their fights use weapons of exceeding weight and bignesse . Her Prince is intituled Duke : the name of King they will not endure . This Province containes the territories Leopoliensis , with her chiefe City Leopolis . Lunt-burg , a faire Towne , and an Arch-bishops See : And the territories Haliciensis , Belzensis , Praemisliensis , &c. ( 6 ) ( 16 ) Samogitia toward the North , and her West hath the Sinus Balticus : North-East Livonia . It is in length fiftie miles , very cold , compassed in with Woods and Rivers . Her principall Towne is Camia : But not that nor any other is very famous for Lordly buildings : the fairest are but sheds in respect of other Countries : The Peasants are truly so indeed . For they reckon themselves but little better then their Cattell : live under the same roofe with them , without any partition or nice ●oathing of their nastinesse : a life fit enough for such a people ; for they are yet most of them grosse Idolaters : and are oft times met in their Woods with horrid visions : and are strangely cozened by the Divell with a beliefe that they can Prophecie . The silly blasphemers nourish in their house a poore snake ( like themselves ) gathered out of some ditch , and call it their God , worship it with great fear & reverence , and sacrifice once in a yeare 1. Octob. to their devil , but by the name of their God Ziem enike . The better sort are Christians of a comely portraiture , and good feature , valiant and ready to take Armes when occasion calls them . Their greatest plenty is of Honey , which they gather ready made to their hands in their hollow trees . ( 7 ) ( 17 ) Massoria on the South of Prussia , and North of Polonia , and Russia , and the East of either Poland , West of Lituania : She had her name from a former Duke , which was ejected by Casimirus , where it had a peculiar Prince of its owne , it belonged to the second sonne of the Kings of Poland : but in the yeare 1526. after the untimely death of Iohn and Starislaus , heirs to this state it became a peculiar to the Crowne of Poland . Her chiefe Citie is Marscoria , which hath many under her : all use the same speech and Customes , with the other Polonians . ( 8 ) Livonia , to the North bounded with Finlan , on the South with Lituania , on the West with the Baltike Sea , and on the East with Mos●ovie . It is a large Province , carries in bredth , one hundred and sixtie miles , and in length , five hundred . It is Penny and Woody : but yet hath Corne and Fruit plenty , Cattle good store , wilde and tame , especially Horses . They have Honey , Waxe , &c. enough to exchange with other Countries for Wine and Oyle : For this yeelds little or none . It became Christian , one thousand two hundred . Her chiefe Townes are Riga , Rivalia , Derpe , and Venda . About some twelve miles from the Continent is the I le of Osel . ( 9 ) ( 18 ) Podlussia on the East of Masoria , and West of Lituania , was joyned to Poland , one thousand five hundred sixtie nine . The Inhabitants are Massorites , Russians , and Polands . Her chiefe towns are Titocksin , a Fort where the Kings treasure is kept , Beisco , and Russiu . In this the King hath a faire Court , furnisht magnificently , both for state and pleasure . ( 10 ) Lituania , on the East of Poland , and South of Livonia , on the West of Moscovia , and North of Podolia . The Ayre is very unnaturall , and by that meanes the creatures there of every kind are very small , and their wants great of Corne , Wine , Salt , &c. The people are of a slavish disposition , and live thereafter po●re and basely . The women have a freedome by custome to keepe many Stallions , which their Husbands love as themselves , and call them their adjutories . But the men may by no meanes play false . Their condemned persons ( be it to death ) must execute themselves , or be tormented till they expire . They became Christians , such as they are , one thousand three hundred eighty sixe . The principall Cities are Vilna , Vilkomire , and Brestia , and Norigredum , a Citie by report larger then Rome . ( 19 ) ( 11 ) Volhinia lyeth betwixt Lituania , Podolia ▪ and Russia , a plentifull Region , and breeds hardy Souldiers . They live as Russians , use the same speech and Customes . Her chiefe Towns are , Kioria , and Lircassia , upon the edge of Boristhenes . ( 12 ) Podolia is on the South of Lituania , East of Poland : and North of the River Neister or Boristhenes , as it runnes from his head to the Pontus Euximus , & on the West of Russia . It affords great plenty it seems ; three Harvests ( they say ) of one sowing . It is pity ( saith Vadianus ) it should be left Desert , as in a manner it is , unlesse here and there a Village . Her chiefe is Camiensen , the onely one , able to returne the Turk and Tartars with the losse , as it hath oftentimes done . The rest are not many , and those but weakly peopled . For the often incursions of the Tartars ; their speedy Horse , to ride a great compasse in a little time ; their breach of faith , upon tearmes of composition : and their crueltie when they have got a victory , causeth the Inhabitants of those parts , to flie them at a great distance , and leave their Land waste : since they dare not trust their peace , nor are able to withstand their warre . The Description of the Kingdome of PERSIA . THis Empire was one of the first , and most potent in the Easterne world : and though since in severall ages , she hath felt the variety of fortunes , to which all Kingdomes are subject , and beene forced to deliver up her glory to the succeeding Monarchies of the Macedonians , Parthians , Turkes , and Saracens ; yet now at last is she recovered to her owne height and greatnesse , and the name of Persia reacheth farther then ever , if we take in ( as most Geographers doe ) the Regions of Media , Assyria , and the rest ; which were heretofore the seats of severall illustrious Kingdomes . ( 2 ) Surely the first which inhabited any part of this compasse , were the Medes , a people of great antiquitie , who reach both their originall and name from Madai the sonne of Iapheth : for it was not long after the Flood , that they were subdued by Ninus King of the Assyrians : one and t'other , Media I meane and Assyria , though then they had apart their peculiar governments , yet both were but a parcell of this Countrey , which is now knowne by the name of Persia. ( 3 ) To Ninus and his successors they continued faithfull for many years , till the effeminate weakenesse of Sardanapalus gave opportunitie to the ambition of Belochus governour of Babylon , and Arbaces of Media to divide his Empire betwixt them , which they did in the yeare of the world three thousand one hundred fortie sixe : and then beganne the Monarchie of the Medes , which spred it selfe through the greatest part of Asia ; and ( for above two hundred yeares ) gathered strength , till the time of Astiages , who dreamed himselfe out of his Empire , as Iustine relates the storie . ( 4 ) Persia proprie dicta , from whence this whole Countrey at last tooke name , was at this time but an obscure Kingdome in respect of what now it is , & tributary to the Medes . Her Prince was Cambyses , the father of the great Cyrus , by Mandanes daughter to Astiages : when she was great , and expected the time of her deliverance , her father touched with a perplexed dreame , that she made so much water as would drowne all Asia , interpreted it , that her issue should be the overthrow of his state ; and therefore delivered the child which was born to her , into Harpagus his charge to be destroyed ; and he to the Kings Heardsman , who ( unawares to both ) preserved the guiltlesse infant , so that at last he tooke revenge upon his cruell Grand-father , and laid a foundation for the Persian Monarchie . ( 5 ) In this attempt his anger wrought him no farther then his enemy : for he left the government of Media still to Cyaxares the sonne of Astiages , and afterward married his daughter , joyned with him in his conquests , and till his death gave him the preheminence of title . They were both ingaged in the taking of Babylon , slaughter of Baltazar , and destruction of the Chaldeans : the Scripture gives this victory to Darius Medius , who as most hold , was no other then Cyaxares ; and he onely named as the principall of the two while he yet lived , though Cyrus had his part in the action , after his uncles death enjoyed it as his owne , and made perfect the Monarchie of the Persians in the yeare of the world 3046. ( 6 ) About thirty seven yeares after the succession was broke , for want of lawfull heires to Cambyses their second King : and therefore their Princes consulted to salute him , whose Horse first neighed at a set meeting upon the Court green , before the Sun-rising . Darius Histaspes was one , and by the subtiltie of his horse-keeper carried the Crowne : for the night before , in the same ground , he had coupled a mare with the horse that his Master should ride , which when the lustfull steed missed the next morning , being full of spirit , no sooner had he set footing upon the place , but with much eagernesse he snuffed and neighed after his mare , and gave the quue to the other Princes to proclaime Darius King of the Persians . This was he whom the Scripture calls Ahasuerus : he was Hesters husband . ( 7 ) Thus is the Empire now setled , and intayled by descent after him to that famous Xerxes , who made war upon Greece , with an incredible Army , joyned Asia to Europe with a bridge , and dammed up Hellespont with his Navie ; yet was at last vanquished by foure thousand at Thermopylae , and after by Themistocles forced to make his flight in a small ●oat toward his owne Countrey , contemned of his subjects , and within a few yeares slaine in his Palace by Artabanus . His immediate successour was Artaxerxes Longimanus , who sent the Prophet Esdras to reedifie the Temple , and so on to Darius the last Persian of that course , who was oft vanquished by Alexander the great , and left the Monarchie of the world to the Macedonians : After the death of their victorious Captaine , it was divided among many of the most potent Princes of Greece . ( 8 ) But when the Persians saw the force of their enemy thus severed , they began to conceive a hope of recovering their libertie ; and so they did indeed under the conduct and command of the Parthian Arsaces , but found thēselves little bettered in their condition , as being now become new slaves to a more harsh tyrant : and therefore in the year two hundred twenty eight after the Incarnation , they made a second attempt to quit themselves from the Parthians : they tooke their time , when their masters were sore afflicted with a strong enemy from Rome , which had broke their forces to their hands ; so that by the admirable prowesse of another Artaxerxes , they made good their Conquest upon the Parthian , and adventured so farre with the Romanes themselves , that their name began to grow terrible and the Emperour Constantine forced to fortifie his Provinces , which lay toward the East , and this might be some cause too , why he removed his seat to Constantinopolis . ( 9 ) After this it fell into the hands of the Saracenicall Caliphs , in the year sixe hundred thirty foure , and to the Turks in the yeare one hundred thirty , next to the Tartars , and so againe to the Parthians , by the help of Gempsas , who redeemed both his owne , and this from the Tartarian ; and briefly after many turns , it became the possession of Ismaell Sophie of Persia , whose race continues it to this day . ( 10 ) The bounds of this Empire on the North are the Caspian Sea , and the River Oxus ; on the South the Sinus Persicus , and the Mare Indicum heretofore called Rubrum : on the West the Turkish confines , as far as the River Tigris , and the lake Giocho : on the East the River Indus , and the Kingdome of Cambaia a spatious land it is , and contains from East to West 38. degrees , and about 20. from the North to South . ( 11 ) This varietie of distance in respect of the Heavens , must needs cause as much difference in the qualities of her severall Regions : In some places there is that fertility , which makes her equall to any part of Asia : in others againe she is so barren , unfruitfull , and unprofitable , that the land is left waste , as being not able to nourish an Inhabitant . Oramaritima ( saith Quadus ) aestuosa est ac ventosa , & fructuum inops , praeterquam palmarum , mediterranea regio Campestris est & omnium ferax , pecorumque optima nutrix , fluminibus et lacubus plena . Maxime autem suppeditat Araxes plurimas commoditates . It abounds much with metals , and stones of great price . map of Persia THE ●●●●DOME OF PERSIA with the cheif Citties and Habites described . by Iohn Speede ( 13 ) Their Philosophers were called Magi , and studied principally the art of foretelling things to come ; from whence we have our terme of Magicke : and usurpe the word onely in the worse sense , whereas ( questionlesse ) it was no other with them , then the Greeks Philosophy , Philosophi , or Sapientes with the Latines : for it is by most thought that such were those good Magi , which came from the East to worship Christ : and Saint Chrysostome directly names Persia to be that East from whence they were led by the starre . ( 14 ) They have now put off most of their antique barbabarisme , and are become good politicians , excellent warriours , great schollers , especially in Astrologie , Physick , and Poetrie . Those which apply themselves to Mechanick trades , are not inferiour to any almost in our quarter : they deale most in making of silkes , which they send into all the Eastern Countries in great abundance . They are mild and courteous to strangers , yet jealous of their wives , which for the most part are very faire and richly attired ; notwithstanding their affection to them usque ad insanam Zelotypiam : yet are they much addicted to that beastly sinne of the Turks , and have their stewes on purpose , whither they resort without controule , or shame . Their Language is elegant , and in use in most of those Easterne Countries . The Christian Religion was once planted here both by Saint Thomas , and Saint Andrew ; yet are they now fallen to Mahumetisme , and differ but as schismaticks from the Turks , which occasioneth much hatred and perpetuall warre betwixt them . ( 15 ) The Regions which belong to the Empire of Persia , are ( 1 ) Persia. ( 2 ) Media . ( 3 ) Assyria . ( 4 ) Susiana . ( 5 ) Mesopotamia . ( 6 ) Parthia . ( 7 ) Hyrcania . ( 8 ) Bactriana . ( 9 ) Parapomissus . ( 10 ) Aria . ( 11 ) Drangiana . ( 12 ) Gedrosia . ( 13 ) Carmania and ( 14 ) Ormus . ( 16 ) Persis had her name from Perseus , which came hither out of Greece ; and this gives it to the whole Empire : It is now called Farsi or Farsistan , and was heretofore Panchaia . It lyeth betwixt Media on the North , and the Sinus Persicus on her South : on her West Susiana , and East Carmania . Her Metropolis is Sitas , once Persepolis , and is built toward the midland neere the River Araxes : it was surprised by Alexander , and many thousand talents of gold sent into Greece , with other rich spoiles and trophies of victories , which the Persians had before gotten from most parts of the then known world . Vpon the Sea-coasts stands Cyrus , a City which was built by their first absolute Monarch , and called by the Inhabitants Grechata : It was the Bishop-seate of the learned Theodoret , who lived here about the yeare 450. and in this Region is Laodicea , built by Antiochus , and Passagarda , where Cyrus had his sepulchre . ( 17 ) ( 2 ) Media now Servania , on the North of Persis , and South of the Caspian Sea , hath Armenia major and Assyria on her West , and on her East Parthia & Hyrcania . It was before Cyrus , the seate of the Empire , and mother to a warlike potent Nation . Their Kings had many wives , seldome fewer then seven : and their women thought it a great calamitie to have lesse then five husbands . In this stands the territory of Tauris , which was called by our ancients Erbathana , and doth stand some eight dayes journey from the Hyrcanian Sea : it is rich and populous , and was the seate of the Sophies , till it was removed to Casbin , which lyeth somewhat more South . Betwixt both stands the City Turcoman : and else-where in this Province are many others dispersed of good note , especially Suliania , Symmachia , Nassinun , Ardovill , Marant and Saucazan , &c. ( 18 ) ( 3 ) Assyria now Arzeram on the West of Media , South of Armenia , North of Susiana , and East of Mesopotamia : it was the seat of Ninus his Kingdome , lost by Sardanapalus , and here stands the most famous City Ninive , neere the River Tigris , larger then Babylon , containing ful threescore miles in compasse : for the communitie which the Babylonians had with them in course of governmēt , they were ofttimes promiscuously used by Historians : both had this custome to sell their virgins , which were faire and most desired , and tender the price into the common treasury . The homelier sort were placed in marriage with that money , to those which would accept of them for gaine at least , if not for beauty . They were much addicted to Astrologie , and were questionlesse led to it by the opportunitie of their situation , which gives them a more perfect view of the heavens , and severall course of the Planets , then any other part of the world besides . ( 19 ) ( 4 ) Susiana now Cucestan seemes to have her name from Cus , upon the South of Assyria , West of Persis , East of Babylonia , and North of the Persike bay . It is severed by Pliny from Elemais the great by the River Euleus , of whose waters onely the Persian Kings were wont to drinke , as being more sweet and pure , then any other in this Countrey . ( 20 ) ( 5 ) Mesopotamia now Diarbecha , heretofore Aram or Charam , lies betwixt the two Rivers Euphrates and Tigris , and hath Armenia major on her North , and on her South Arabia deserta : it is of large extent , and hath much variety of Commodities in her severall quarters , but hath suffered great calamities by reason of her continuall wars with the Turk . Her chiefe Cities are Charan or Haran , where Abraham settled himselfe , when he was called forth of Chaldaea : and where that gurges avaritiae the Roman Mar●u● Crassus lost his life . Not far distant is the Citie Nisibis , which was once called Antiochia , and Mygdonia : to these Maginus addes Merdin and Mosus . ( 21 ) ( 6 ) Parthia now Arach on the East of Media , on the South of Hyrcania , North of Carmania , and West of Aria . The Inhabitants were valiant , and had their course of soveraigntie in the Easterne Monarchy . Her chiefe Cities are Cassan and Hispaham , which the Persian hath in so great account , that he calls it halfe the world . ( 22 ) ( 7 ) Hyrcania now Strava , on the North of Parthia , and East of Media , and South of the Mare Caspium : it is plaine , fertile , and rich . Her Metropolis Hyrcania : the rest of note are Bestan , Mesandran . ( 8 ) Bactriana now Charassan , on the South is divided from Aria by the mountaine Parapomissus : her chiefe Citie Bactra , the birth-place of that great Physician Avicenna , and Zoroaster Magus : This Region belongs not intire to the Sophie of Persia. ( 9 ) Parapomissus now Sublestan and Candehar on the East of Aria a mountainous Countrey , and the Inhabitant as rude and ragged : yet her chief Citie Candatura is a great market and well frequented both from India and Cathaia . ( 10 ) Aria now Eri on the East of Parthia : the Inhabitants of this Region rebelled against Alexander , but were forced by his Armies , to fly for shelter , into a cave upon the top of a rock ; yet thither he pursued them , and dammed up the caves mouth with Timber , which he set on fire , and stifled most ; the rest were taken to the Victors mercy : the treason of Philotus against Alexander was here discovered . ( 11 ) Drangiana now Sigestan : In this Country the Hill Taurus is called Caucasus , where the Poets seigne , that Prometheus was perpetually gnawn by a Vulture for stealing fire from Heaven : her chiefe Cities are Sim and Cabul , built by Alexander , at the foot of Caucasus : and therefore called Alexandria Archosiae . ( 12 ) Gedrosia now Circan , neere the Mare Indicum , a barren Countrey , scarce worth a farther description : and so ( 13 ) Carmania . ( 23 ) ( 14 ) Vpon the confines of the Persian Empire stands a potent Kingdome , which comprehends part of the coast of Persia , some Ilands of the Persike bay ; and a good portion of Arabia Faelix neere to those Seas . The chiefe seat is the Citie and Iland Ormutz , a place of great merchandise , but of it selfe affordeth little provision for victualls : so that they are forced to have it brought in from other parts of the Empire , though at an extreame deare rate . It abounds with a precious Pearl called the Vnion : Their King is now tributary to Portugall , as once it was to the Persian Emperour . The Description of the TVRKISH EMPIRE . THE Turke is admired for nothing more , then his sudden advancement to so great an Empire . For before these last three hundred and odde years , we must seek this people ( which is become now a terrour to the whole world ) lurking in the by-corners of Asia , like runnagates and theeves , as indeed they were ; such as so infested their neighbours , with rapines and murders , as that neither injoyed their owne lives freely , nor possest more wealth , then they could maintaine with the sword . ( 2 ) The great Osmand was the first which redeemed them from obscuritie : his predecessors were scarce mentioned as a Nation worth story ; and therefore it is not easie to give their true originall , or set justly the place of earth , from whence they sprang . There are which say from the Caspian Mountaines : and that in the time of the Macedonian Basilius they served the Saracens , in their Indian warres , but turned the victory to their owne advantage : for when they had once tried their strength , and found their Forces sufficient in behalfe of others , they bethought themselves at last , to use them for their owne advancement : and to that purpose , turned head first upon their pay-masters , out of whose spoiles they raised incredible Armies , which over-spread all Asia to the very Euxine sea . Others again conjecture , that they were a Scythian people ; and the rather for that they made their way into these parts , through Pontus and Cappadocia , and so on , as it were in a direct course from Scythia . The truth is , the customes of both are not much unlike , their habit very neere , and their warres waged , with the same weapons and discipline . ( 3 ) But admit their first attempt upon the Saracens : yet were they againe scattered by their civill dissentions , lived as before , and could not be recollected into a Nation , till Othoman tooke upon him to be their Leader in the yeare 1300. a man of as low birth and fortunes as the meanest , but had a tumultuous spirit , and an able wit to weild it ; which put him upon this great action , to conquer the world , and suffered him not to rest in it , till he had seated himselfe in an Empire , which his progenie enjoy to this day . He beganne with a rascall crue , of such as were led on by want , and seemed rather to beare Armes in defence of their privie thefts , then with intent to invade an enemy : for he appeared not at first as an open warriour , but wrought his spoyles by stratagems , and slights , and clandestine excursions , upon such as were unprovided for resistance ; possest himselfe of mountains and woods , as lay most convenient for his lurking practises , and whither he might retire safe , if at any time he were pursued . ( 4 ) By these meanes he was content for a while , to increase his wealth and power , which soone grew to that eminencie , as in few yeares , he durst meet a strong enemy to the face ; buckle with him upon his owne ground , for his possessions : and at last , so prevailed , where ever he set footing , that he scarce stept back till he claspt into his owne government , Pontus and Cappadocia , Galatia and Bythinia , Pamphylia and Lycia , Ionia and Phrygia , and all Asia minor to the Greeke Seas : to which his successours have in latter times added many other Countries of Asia , Africa , and Europe : so that it is now become the most potent and tyrannicall Empire of the world . ( 5 ) The first seat of state was at Prussia in Bithynia , from thence it was removed to Hadrianopolis ; and at last to Constantinople , a Citie of Greece in the Province of Romania . His Palace is called the Seraglio , is built in the most eminent part of the town , containes three miles in circuit within the walls , and surpasseth all other Courts under heaven for Majestie , and number of buildings , for pleasurable gardens , sweet fountaines , and rich furniture . The Emperour himselfe hath for his common Guard , foure thousand footmen , the sonnes of tributary Christians , which are called Ianizaries , and their Captaine Agu , besides tenne thousand others , dispersed under severall Commanders through diverse parts of the Empire : and fifteene thousand horse-men in ordinary pay . In these numbers , I reckon not those multitudes of Timariotae , which are assigned to severall of the Turkish states : and deliver yearly incredible sums of money into his Treasurie . As his wealth is great : so is his life luxurious : fifteene hundred women are cloystered up for his pleasure , and out of them one hundred and fiftie culled as choyce for his dayly lust : so Maginus . The offices within the Court are most performed by Eunuches , such as ( he will be sure ) shall not partake with him in his unsatiate , and brutish pleasures . ( 6 ) The Ministers of state are ( 1 ) Mufsti , who interprets their Law , and layes open their Alcoran , with the like authority , as the Pope among the Roman-Catholikes . ( 2 ) Cadilescheri , who are the supreme Iudges , to determine of their causes controversed ; and these are three : the one for Europe , whose residency is in Romania : another for Asia in Natolia ; and a third set up by Selimus the first , to judge such differences as are brought to him from Aegypt , Syria , Arabia , and part of Armenia . These Cadilescheri have under them peculiar Iudges of every Province , which are called Cadi , and are chosen at their pleasure , but confirmed by the Emperour himselfe . ( 3 ) The third ranke are the Vizer bassa , their Emperours Councell ; their chiefe is Vezir-Azem , a man of great power through all the dominions of the Turke : and for the most part , present at his treaties of state . ( 4 ) The fourth order are the Beglerbegs , whose office answers almost to our Generals , and as the Iudges were , so are these placed in the three severall quarters of the Empire : one in Greece for Europe : a second in Anatolia for Asia : and the third is an admirall of the Seas , and commands those parts , which are left by the other two : all of equall respect and place with the Vizer-bassae . Those of inferiour ranke , and petty imployments in the Common-wealth are almost innumerable , many of them not natives , but apostate Christians , and in conditions , differ as the Countries from whence they first sprang . ( 7 ) The multitude , I meane the borne - Turks savour still of their barbarous ancestors , and carry the markes in their foreheads , and limmes of Scythians and Tartars . They are for the most part broad-faced , strong-boned , well proportioned , dull and heavie headed , of grosse understanding , idlely disposed , and yet greedy of wealth , luxurious in their diet , and beastly in their lustfull affections , without distinction of kindred or sexe , base minded , slaves to themselves , and their superiours in their owne Countrey : yet ignorantly proud , and contemptuous of other Nations , which they take in foule scorne , should be compared with their lubberly Inhabitant . They passe not to cousen a Christian in their course of traffique : nor doe they thinke they are bound to keep promise unlesse it make for their advantage . The greatest praise they have by due desert , is their strict obedience to the discipline of warre : no sedition , no tumult , no chat in their Campe or March , in so much that oft times many thousands on a sudden surprise their enemies , unwares , with so very little noyse , as not to be heard in their approach . No difficultie can be commanded , which they are not ready to performe , without any respect at all had to the danger ; be it passe to Rivers , toppe Mountaines , scale Walls , stand Centinell : In briefe , they care not to eate or sleepe in warre , but at full leisure : and are the truest military men upon earth . ( 8 ) No great marvaile then , if wi●● so great multitudes , so well ordered , they daily improve their Empire upon the Christians , who are not so zealous in defence of their true faith , as these mis-beleevers , bold and foole-hardy to uphold their false god . But the truth is , their superstitious credulitie of fate , which they think hath immutably prefixed every mans houre for life or death , which he can neither deferre nor hasten , makes them fearelesse to incurre dangers , and carelesse for their owne securitie . map of the Turkish Empire THE TURKISH EMPIRE . Newly Augmented by . Iohn . Speed. 1626. ( 9 ) Divers Schooles they have , where their chiefe study is the imperiall lawes ; from thence some are preferred to secular , some to ecclesiastick offices . Their Religion is a meere cousenage , thrust upon the silly people by the impious subtiltie of one Mahomest , whose story is well worth our knowledge , and may cause us to commiserate the desperate state of those ignorant , yet perverse and bloudy Antichristians . ( 10 ) His place of birth is questioned , whether he were a Cyrenaike , an Arabian , or Persian , it is not yet fully decided : certain enough he was of base parents ; his father ( some say ) a worshipper of Devils , and his mother a faithlesse Iew. Betwixt them they sent into the world a pernicious deceiver ( which none but two such Religions could have made up ) in the yeare five hundred ninetie seven . When he had beene for a while thus instructed by his distracted parents , poverty and hope to improve his fortunes , perswaded him from his native soyle , to live for another while among true professed Christians , where he received so much knowledge of the Word , and light of the Gospel , as to pervert it to his destruction , and ruine of many millions of soules . ( 11 ) In his first adventurous travailes abroad , he fell into the hands of theevish Saracens , which sold him to a Iewish Merchant ; and he imployed him to drive his Cammels through Aegypt , Syria , Palestine , and other forreine Countries , where he still gathered farther instructions of that truth which he intended to abuse . His wickednesse first brake forth into fraud , open theft and rapine , and other sinnes of highest ranke ; in which he continued and seduced others , till the death of his Master , and after married his aged but rich Mistresse . ( 12 ) He had meanes now to act his malicious purposes , and wealth to countenance his exceeding pride , which would not be satisfied with a lower ambition , then to be called a Prophet of God. This he began to practise , by the counsell of one Sergius a Monk , who being cast out for heresie from Constantinople , betooke himselfe into Arabia , and joyned in with Mahomet to make up this mischiefe perfect ; see now their juggling . There wanted not craft betwixt them , to make use of his worst actions to gull the simple : For when by his debaucht drinking and gluttonie , he was fallen into an Epilepsie , and in his sits lay Beare-like groveling , and foaming upon the earth , as one without sense : he pretended an extatike swone , wherein his soule was wrapped from his body , while he converst with Gabriel an Angel from heaven . To make this familiaritie with God the more to be beleeved : he had bred up a Dove to take her meat from his eare , which he most blasphemously professed to be the holy Ghost , who at such times and in that shape infused the Prophecies which he was to preach . Lastly , what they in their wicked fancies had conceived , and meant to propagate , they digested into a volume , and called it the Alcoran . ( 13 ) For this too they had a trick , that it might seeme to have beene sent from heaven into the hands of Mahomet : and to this purpose he had himselfe fed up a tame Bull , which by custome became so familiar , that no sooner he heard the voyce of his Master , but he would straight runne , cast the head in his lap , and use his wanton dalliance as with a fellow . Betwixt the hornes of this Bull , had he fastened the Alcoran , and conveyed him into a by-place , neer where he had assembled the multitude at a set time , to expect a wonderfull miracle from heaven , that might confirme his Prophecie . The scene thus ordered , on the sudden he lift up his voyce , and made a loud cry , which no sooner the Beast heard , but he brake his way through the prease , overturned many of the spectators , which now stood at a gaze , and gently laid his hornes and Booke in the bosome of this false couzener : which he with much ceremonie , and feigned reverence , received , and in their presence opening the volume beganne to interpret chiefe of their Laws , which for hereafter they were to observe . ( 14 ) Circumcision he allowed , and with the old Law forbad swines flesh , that he might with more ease lead on such as were Iewish : he suffered himselfe to be baptized by Sergius , that the Christian too might have in some measure his content : Moses and our Saviour he denied not to be great Prophets ; but that neither ●●rty might emulate the greater observance of other : and indeed especially that his owne might seeme new and yet take place from both , he changed the Circumcision of the Iews from the eight day , and multiplies Baptisme , which can be conferred but once for all , upon the true beleever . For the like reason of difference with other Nations and Sects , he left both the Iews Sabbath , and diem Christianorum Dominicum , & commands his holy ceremonies to be celebrated on the friday ; for so it was , when the Bull bestowed on him his Alcoran . Before they enter the Temple , they wash all the uncleane parts of their bodies , and then to prayer , which must be performed five times in a day , with their face toward the South . They have a moneths fast too once every yeare , but it is observed onely for the day ; for they may , when the Sunne is downe , redeeme it with what gluttony they please : wine is forbidden , onely for a shew that he might not seeme to have loved that , which ( as he was guilty to himselfe ) had brought him into his epilepticall fits . Briefly , what he knew would best agree with the brutish desires of the people , that he tooke order should be confirmed by his Lawes : foure or five wives to every husband , and as many Concubines as they could maintaine . For their blisse after life , he proposed no invisible delights which over-reacht their understanding , but proportioned to each of their sensuall thoughts , and promised to those which would keepe his Law a Paradise of all kindes of pleasure , which they themselves most affected . To the covetous , wealth ; to the ambitious , honours ; to the gluttenous , meats ; to the virgins , rich attire , and embraces of Angels ; the poore soules were never so fitted ; and when he had thus for a long time , discoursed over his Alcoran , he took a yoake from Sergius , and put it upon the Bulls necke : for it was foretold by an inscription brought by his doore , that whosoever could yoake the Bull , it should be a signe to declare the man , as one sent from God , to govern his people . ( 15 ) This huddle of miracles put the gazers beyond all pause , so that in an instant they cried him up King , and held his companion in reputation of a minor Prophet ; called themselves Musulmanni , true beleevers , which the Turke still affects , rather then his right name of Turke , which imports banishment , and upbraids him with the disgrace of his originall . ( 16 ) And now he hath past the difficultie of his attempt , an easie matter to draw on millions of followers , such as would like that Religion best which baulkt not their pleasures ; yet at last he met with an end answerable to his beginning : for he was poysoned by some of his owne Family . ( 17 ) He had long before Prophecied , that he should be wonderfully conveyed to heaven ▪ and to make good this fraud , had framed an iron Chest for his Sepulchre , which he purposed should have beene held up by force of a Load-stone , placed in the toppe of the Temple , and by this meanes have appeared to the beholder to hang in the ayre without any support : But this trick ( in seemes ) was prevented by death ; yet they expected still his ascent to heaven , till he stanke upon earth : so that at last they were forced to convey him into his iron Coffin , which remains to this day in Mecha a Citie of Persia , and is visited by the Turks , as the Sepulchre of our Saviour at Ierusalem by pilgrim-Christians . ( 18 ) I tooke leave here to supply the roome with the Customes and Religion of the Turks , which in course of our former method , was due to the division of the Empire and her severall Provinces : But I suppose , I have the lesse trespassed , in regard that most of them have already had their place and description in each of their particular Kingdomes , to which they did formerly belong . It will be sufficient here to name them , with reference to the Mappe , where you have them delivered more at large . ( 19 ) In Europe it runnes along the Sea-coast of the Adriatick bay , from the land of Epidaurus , now Raguss , and so about the Aegean Sea , and Propontis , and a great part of the Euxine to the city Theodosia in the Taurica Chersonesus , which is now called Caffa . In the Mediterranean from Iavarimum in Hungary , to Constantinople in Greece . The severall Provinces of this compasse are ( 1 ) a great part of Hungary , Bosnia , Servia , Rascia , Bulgaria , Walachia , and Transylvania , &c. in the description of Hungary . ( 2 ) Graesia and her Provinces , Thracia , Macedonia , Epirus , Achaia , Peloponnesus , with the Ilands of the Aegean , &c. in the description of Greece . ( 3 ) A part of Sclavonia . ( 20 ) In Africa almost all the Sea-coasts from the City Bellis de Comera to the Arabike bay : In this stands Algeires Tunis , Tripolis , all Aegypt , Fesse , Marolum , &c. in the African description . ( 21 ) In Asia Natolia , the Iland of Cyprus , all Syria , Palestine , Iudaea , Caelosyria , Phaenicia , Babylonia , Arabia Triplex , Turcomannia , and Georgia . Mesopotamia , and part of Media . And these belong to the description of Asia . The Description of the Kingdome of CHINA . THE whole tract of Asia which lyes severed from Persia by the River Indus on the West , is well knowne by one generall name of the East Indie : and that againe is divided , by the other famous River Ganges , into India intra Gangem , the part which lookes toward Europe , and is conjectured by most , to be the same with the land of Evilah : and India extra Gangem to the very East , some thinke it was that , which of old was called Seria : both have now other names imposed by the Inhabitants : the first Indostand ; this other Tame , Tangis , Mangi , or Macys , and lastly Sinarum Regio , China . ( 2 ) This Kingdome then is the utmost bounds Eastward of the whole Continent , and therefore lies farthest remote from Christendome ; the mistresse of arts , and example of civilitie to all the other parts of the world : yet doe the Chinoyse much exceede us , for ample Cities , ingenious artificers , and multitude of Inhabitants ; which ( me thinkes ) pleads fairely for her antiquitie , though I give not full credit to those , which settle here the sonnes of Iocktan , much lesse to their owne records , which reckon two hundred threescore and two Kings , in almost a continued succession to this day ; and number from their first , above foure thousand yeares . For to make this good they must either varie from us in their measure of times , as we from the Germanes in length of miles ; else we must commit a foule errour , to look beyond the Flood for their originall : since that time , it is not yet above three thousand nine hundred twenty ; and surely I thinke they were not exempted from the generall deluge , no more then from the sinnes of the whole earth . ( 3 ) But if this conjecture of different account be not approved , the solecisme must rest ( for me ) upon their owne ignorant vain-glory , which in their stories , transport them beyond probability ; upon hope ( perhaps ) that no other Nation could controwle them ; for in those first ages , they had little converse , unlesse with men more barbarous then themselves ; such as could not deliver their acts to posteritie : and therefore being left wholly to their owne relations , good reason they thought they had , to doe themselves what honour they might , though ignorance of the main truth , makes them oft times to trespasse upon Chronologie , and forge stories so unlikely , that the whole may be justly suspected . ( 4 ) Their first King they name Vitei , and report him to have reigned an hundred yeares : his successours went on without breach or conquest to their two hundred fourtie second Prince , but were then for a while , cut off by the Tartarians . This change was foretold to Farfar , the last China King of the first race ; and the Prophecy laid it upon one , which should have an hundred eyes : and so had Chisanbaan the Invader , if you will allow his name to make up the miracle : For the very word in their language signifies no other then an hundred eyes : A poore cousenage of the Devill , but served the turne first to dazle them with a strange Prophecy , and then to keepe up his credit in the performance , with the simple idolaters . After nine Tartarian Princes , it was againe recovered to the state , in which it now stands , by the prowesse of one Gombne their 251. King. ( 5 ) This briefe account of their beginning and progresse , is more then I can warrant for undoubted truth . The most part was past , ere they were a people knowne to the Europeans : for Ptolemy himselfe scarce reached so far toward the East : or if it be the same , with his Sinarum Regio , ( which yet some doubt ) yet ( it seemes ) he knew little more of it , then the bare name : we must be content to passe over many ages untoucht , and break abruptly , into our owne times and stories , which doe afford us more certaintie by the relation of later travailors , some of our owne Nation . ( 6 ) It is now a vast Empire , which containes in latitude almost fortie degrees from the Tropike of Cancer to the fifty three towards the Pole Artike ; and thirty in Longitude from the degree one hundred thirty to one hundred sixty : the bounds on the West is Indostan , India intra Gangem , on the East Mare Cin ; on the North the Empire of the great Chane , severed from the Chinoyse by high mountaines , continued with a wall of a thousand miles in length , built by Tzanitzon , their 117. King : and on the South the Kingdome or Chan chin chinae , part of the other India intra Gangem . ( 17 ) The ayre here is temperate , and the ground fruitfull : the mountaines and wilde fields breed incredible numbers of Cattell , and the Woods wilde Boares , Foxes , Hares , Conies , and other usefull beasts , which gives us flesh for our food , and skinnes for our cloathing . The tilled ground returnes againe plenty of Corne , Wheate , and Barley ; their higher Poulse , and their lower Rice , in great abundance : their gardens pleasant , set with all sorts of flowers , which may delight either the eye , or sent : no clodde ( almost ) of earth there , but hath its wealth ; for what yeelds not fruite , is inricht with Mines of Gold and Silver . Their chiefe River is Polysango , both it and the rest give fish in great abundance , and water-fowle enough almost to feed a whole Nation : Maginus reports it , that tenne or twelve thousand wilde-ducks have beene commonly spent in one day in the Citie Canton : besides their owne profit , they advantage them much in their course of traffique , to convey their Merchandize into severall parts of the Empire , to meete with their chapmen from all quarters . Their principall Commodities are Silkes and Sugars : yet besides these they send forth Wooll , Cotton , Olives , Metals , Rheubarbe , Honey , Purslaine dishes , Camphire , Ginger , Pepper , &c. Muske , Salt great store , whose Custome , in onely one Towne of Canton , amounts to the yearely value of 18000. Crownes . To this happinesse of soyle may be added the thrift and great industrie of the Inhabitants , who hold it a foule disgrace to be accounted idle : and therefore make the most of what they have : so that without doubt , as they are infinitely populous , so they are proportionably rich , beyond any other Nation of the world . ( 8 ) The Chinoyse is described with a broad face of a duskie colour , crooked nose , small and black eyes , and very thinne beard , but long haire on the head : if any be deformed ( for so they take it ) with a better feature , they are as like to breake a jeast upon his handsome comely visage , as a scoffer would upon their ill fashioned countenance . The better sort are cloathed in long silke garments ; the ordinary people in linen , for they have not yet the art well to weave wollen : Their women deck their heads , with gold and precious jewels , seldome shew themselves abroad without great attendance of servants . map of China the KINGDOME OF CHINA newly augmented by I.S. 1626 ( 10 ) Their fashions in private houses are not much unlike to those of Europe , at boord they sit in chaires , and upon formes , not loll on the floore , as most of the Asiaticks doe : they touch not their meate with the hand , but use the Silver-forke , or else some stick of Ivory or Ebonie , not much unlike it : they eate thrice in one day , but sparingly enough : when they travaile over the Plaines , they use a kinde of Coach , yet not drawne with horses or other beast , but driven by the winde under sayle as a Barke on the Sea , which the people are as perfect to guide , which way they please , as the Mariner is to direct his course unto any coast , whither he is bound : as they sayle upon land , as if it were sea , so they dwell as frequent upon the sea , as if it were land : for they have an incredible number of ships , and boates , which are in many places ranked like streets upon the waters , and filled with Inhabitants , such as are here borne , live , traffique , marry , and die . Mr. Purchas reports that upon one River from Nanquin to Paquin they are thus ordered for 300. leagues . No marvaile then , if their number exceed any part proportionably of the whole earth ; since their land is not sufficient , but is forced to borrow roome out of the Sea for their habitation : yet are they all governed by one Monarch , whom they call the Lord of the world , and sonne to the Sunne . For they are a proud Nation , and admit not equall comparison with any other earthlings ; but cast it as a Proverbe into their teeth , that they have but one eye to see with , in respect of the Chinoys , who alone ( as themselves boast ) see with two : the truth is , in matters of state , they are very politique , in peace wary , and in warre valiant , craftie and excellent engineers . ( 11 ) Their lawes are for the most part just and severely executed , especially against idle droanes , which set not a hand to advance their state , or maintaine themselves . They will not cherish the very blinde by almes , since without eyes , a man may be fit for some corporall imployment ; but to the maimed and lame , they denie not a charitable maintenance . The sonne is bound to exercise his parents occupation , so that no pretence almost is left for wanderers : and briefly , as farre as humane laws can provide , all other vaine occasions , for misexpence of time , are taken off ; for within the Cities no stews are allowed , or lewd persons to withdraw them : adultery is punished with death , but yet they have liberty to take many wives : one they keep at home , the rest are disposed of abroad , where they best please . Their Marriages they chiefly solemnize at the new Moone , and for the most part in March , which beginnes their yeare . ( 12 ) For their Religion they are Gentiles , but have a confused knowledge of God , heaven , and the creation , which they ascribe to one Trine , who first ( say they ) made Pauson and Pauzona , and their posteritie continued for 90000. yeares ; but were then , for their wickednesse destroyed , and a new race was created . The first of their second world was one Lutitzam , who had two hornes ; from the right came men , as they fondly imagine and from the left women : when they would decipher their great god , they expresse him by the first letter of their Alphabet ; and in their devotions , they worship him as their chiefe ( but not onely ) preserver : for they have their prayers to the Sunne , Moone , Starres , and to the Devill himselfe , that he would not hurt them . Their Priests are distinguisht into the blacke and white Friers , as we call them : for they much resemble Friers in their course of life ; some are clothed in white , their heads shorn , and their victualls in common : others in black , long haire and live apart : neither are married , but both take their libertie to live obscenely , as the debauchest swaggerers . ( 13 ) The Empire is divided into 15. Provinces , ( 1 ) Canton . ( 2 ) Feguien . ( 3 ) Olam . ( 4 ) Sisnam . ( 5 ) Tolench . ( 6 ) Causaie . ( 7 ) Minchien . ( 8 ) Ochian . ( 9 ) Honan . ( 10 ) Pagina . ( 11 ) Zaiton . ( 12 ) Quinchien . ( 13 ) Cheguean . ( 14 ) Susnam . ( 15 ) Quinsay . All of large extent , and containe in them many towns , and cities , in number more , in compasse bigger , and in wealth more eminent , then the best of ours . ( 14 ) ( 1 ) In the Province of Canton are 190. Towns & 37. Cities . ( 2 ) In Feguien , 99. Townes and 33. Cities . ( 3 ) In Olam 130. Towns and 90. Cities . ( 4 ) In Sisnam 150. Townes and 44. Cities . ( 5 ) In Tolench 235. Townes and 51. Cities : and this is governed immediately by the Emperour himselfe , without any substitute as all the other Provinces have , excep● Pagina . ( 6 ) Cansaie hath 122. Townes 24. Cities . ( 7 ) Minchien 29. Townes 25. Cities . ( 8 ) Ochiam 74. Townes 19. Cities . ( 9 ) Honan 102. Townes and 20. Cities . ( 10 ) Pagina 150. Townes and 47. Cities . ( 15 ) The chiefe of this is Paquin where he hath his continuall residence , and scarce at any time leaves the Citie , unlesse upon occasion of warre : for it is seated neer to the Tartars , who oft times make assaults upon the Chinoyse , and force the King to gather his strengh into that quarter ; and he himselfe present to withstand their entry : lest if they should once get footing into any part of his Countrey , they might incroach farther , and inable themselves by his spoyles to follow their blow upon his other Provinces . His palace here is compassed with a triple wall , carries the bulke and face of a faire Towne ; for indeed his retinue are no fewer then might well people a large Citie : among the rest he hath 16000. Eunuches daily attending , such as their owne parents have emasculated in their infancie , to make them capable of this Court-preferment . The seat Imperiall was heretofore at Nanquin , where still remaines a golden testimony of her past glory . It is a faire Citie thirtie miles in compasse , seated nine leagues from the Sea upon a faire and navigable River , where there rides commonly at least 10000. of the Kings ships , beside Merchants . It hath three brick walles , the streets are sixe miles in length , of a proportionable bredth , and trimly paved . ( 16 ) ( 11 ) Zaiton hath 78. Townes and 27. Cities : the chiefe is Zaiton , which hath a fair harbour , and is seldome without 500. ships . ( 12 ) Quinchien hath 113. Townes and 45. Cities . ( 13 ) Cheguean 95. Townes and 39. Cities . ( 14 ) Susnam 105. Townes and 41. Cities . ( 15 ) And lastly Quinsay 114. Townes 38 Cities . ( 17 ) The Metropolis is Quinsay or Suntien , the largest Citie of the world : for it contains 100. miles in compasse : it is seated in a low and fenny ground , is subject to Floods , and hath beene forced in very many places , to erect bridges for free passage from one street to another : there are in a●l 12000. built of stone , and most of them so high , that a good ship may strike under them with full sayle : each of them hath its tenne watchmen , for a night-guard . The Inhabitants of this City live luxuriously , especially their women , who are much more comely then their men ; yet all of them almost eat both horse and dogs flesh . Toward the South part of the Citie there is a great lake about 24. miles in circuit ; in the midst stand two Ilands , whither the chiefe Nobilitie repaire and invite their friends to solemnize their marriage , and have in each a stately palace erected , furnished sufficiently with all fitting ornaments , for a wedding jollitie . In many parts of the Citie there are publique places of receit , for such as sustaine any misfortune by fire : there they may lodge their goods safe upon a sudden casualtie , till they can make better provision . ( 18 ) It were vaine to give a more particular description of the many Cities which make up the severall numbers in each Province : they stand so thick , and are so populous , that they all seeme to be as one ; one , as well for their continued building almost , as their fashion of building : for they all observe the same forme , and dispose their streets alike ; two broad , crossing each other in the middle in so straight a line , that the eye may reach clean from one end to the other . ( 19 ) We may conclude , that both the revenues of the whole Empire , and number of Inhabitants , are not easily to be reckoned : yet this in briefe , he hath subject under him 70. crowned Kings , gathers up yearely 120. millions of Crownes , stirres not into the field without 300000. foote and 200000. horse . To this empire did once belong most of the Ilands in the Easterne Seas , but it seemes the Chinoyse in time found , that their defence was a businesse of more charge then their worth countervailed : and therefore let them even slip into their owne hands , and bounded their government with the Sea-coast : yet for such as lye in the same Latitude , from the Tropike toward the Pole , they may most properly , be named at least in this description , and but named ; since they were before set forth in our generall mappe of Asia . The chiefe are Lequio minor , Reix Magos , Lequio major , Mazacar , Iapan , a very lare Iland , Insula de Miaco , and Satyrorum Insula , &c. The Description of the Kingdome of TARTARY . SCYTHARVM gens semper antiquissima It was a judged case ( long since ) betwixt the Aegyptian and Inhabitant of this Countrey . Yet were not the Scythians the first , which possest it : At least it was the first name by which they were knowne . For , before the entrance of Scythes the supposed sonne of Hercules , we find here a people which derive their pedegree from Magog , the son of Iapheth , & were called Magogins in remembrance of their antique founder . To this purpose Iunius and other learned interpret terram Magogin in the 38. of Ezech. 2. and Revel . 20.8 . and so in sundry places else-where of divine Scripture , take it for other land , then that , which was after profane Writers , called Scythia , and Sarmatia , and now Tartaria ; though perhaps these have not all had still the same bounds , from the beginning ; for what any one Kingdome upon the earth hath ? All states have had their course to rise and fall , to be impaired or inlarged , at pleasure of the most High , who disposeth of Empires as seemes best in his wisdome . ( 2 ) Of the Magogins , we have not much story ; yet they have left their name behind them , which is now corrupted into Maugol , as most imagine . While the Scythae bare rule , they infested their neighbours without mercy or equitie : and practised their rapines , as farre almost , as they could find a subject to work on . In so much that they gave name to all the rude and inhumane Nations , both of Asia and Europe , North of Danubius : which for their crueltie were much feared , and for brutish Customes growne odious to the more civill parts of the world . ( 3 ) Tollite Barbarûm mores ; was meant of these by the Poet , and well it might . For who could be more barbarous then the Essedons , which lived here by the Palus Maeotis , and as ( Herod : in his fourth Booke of Histories delivers ) were wont to sing their Parents to the grave , invite their best friends , to feast with their fathers flesh , and use his scull , as a Cup to drinke in , at their lascivious banquets . Who more then the Axiacae ? who quenched their thirst with the bloud of him , whom they first slew , as it gushed warme from his wounds . Who more foolish proud then the Agathyrsi ? Who , as God and nature had come short in their making up , were used to mend their beautie by a deformed painting , and ugly staining of their bodies with motly colours . Our Picts are supposed by some to have had hence their originall . ( 4 ) It were too much to recite here the other scattered Nations , which over-spread the earth : for she was , as most style her , the officina generis humani : and sent forth swarmes of her brood , which soone fastned themselves , where ever they set footing . For they were strong of body , bold and heady , beyond the rule of valour : distinguisht not right from wrong in their quarrels , but reckoned justly their owne , what ever they could claspe by force of Armes . And this they all practised almost without difference of sex , unlesse in this , that their women were most warlike : witnesse that incomparable story of Tomyris , who cut off the Persian Cyrus and 200000. more of his souldiers at one encounter , and cast his head into a cauldron of blood , with this upbraide , for the slaughter of her sonne Pergapises : Satiate sanguine , quem sitisti . Nor was she the single one , that put off the weaknesse of her sex to take Armes . For here lived those professed Amazons , which admitted no man into their Campes , but at set times of necessitie , to preserve their race : yet were they a terror to the world , vext a great part of Asia the lesse , and built the renowned Ephesus , Smyrna , Cuma . Magnesia , &c. ( 5 ) These had their time . The Gothes or G●tae succeeded , and were inheritors as well of their mischievous customes , as ill-got possessions : for which they purchased them the name of Polonei , among their neighbours , theeves and destroyers : such as were no lesse grievous to them then their predecessours . Doubtlesse a curse of perpetuall tyranny lies upon their wicked Empire . For when next the Tartars came on , the state it selfe was not much bettered , nor the innocent which lay neere any whit more secured . ( 6 ) These last have beene supposed to be the remnant of those ten Tribes which were led captive by Salmanassar . How likely the reasons are I will not dispute . But surely , if so , they must have retained some knowledge of the true God , at least some precepts of civilitie from their fore-fathers , though never so long since . For what people can we reade of in stories , which have at any time beene inlightned with the truth , and yet afterward fallen into that grosse barbarisme , which is now found among the Tartarians ? See their Character , which ( as they are by most described ) deales impartially ; gives them ill fashioned bodies , answerable to their rude minds , fit houses for so unclean guests . ( 7 ) Their stature is different . The most part have large shoulders , a broad face , with a crooked nose , deformed countenance , swarty colour , hollow eyes , hairy and untrimmed beard , and head close shaved . Their speech is boystrous , and clamorous : their noyse , in singing , like the yell of Wolves ; and endurance of hunger , thirst , heat , cold , and watching equalls them , ( in strength of body ) to the most able beast , for it exceeds the common power of a man. Their lust is without Law. For they except no kindred , but their owne mothers , daughters , and sisters : No Species , for they mixe with beasts ; No sex , for they are insatiate Sodomites : and yet take liberty for as many wives , as the can maintaine ; which ( contrary to our civill courses ) they buy of their Parents , in stead of receiving dowries . Their meate is the raw flesh of horses without regard how they were killed , or of what diseases they died : sometimes they suck bloud from the living , to appease their hunger and thirst , if ( in a journey ) they be distressed for want of food . ( 8 ) Cities they have but few , nor houses , other then moveable tents , made of beasts skinnes , which they pitch up by great multitudes , in the forme of a towne , and those are called hordes : when the grasse is once eaten bare , and the ground yeelds not meate for their Cattle , they trudge with bagge and baggage to another quarter : and so in course they wander through the vast Deserts , unsettled , and indeed impatient to be settled , or rather imprisoned ( as they take it ) within any one bounded compasse , having the wide world to roame in . Their chiefe Armes are Bow and Arrowes , which they use most on horse-backe , for their more speedy flight : and have them commonly strongly poysoned , for the more sure mischiefe to the foe . Their stratagems are down-right fraud , and breach of truth ; for they keepe no faith with an enemie , regard not any compact made upon termes of peace ; but follow their owne sense , and commit what outrages they can with least danger to themselves . ( 9 ) Their Religion is answerable to their vile customes : Some are Pagans , others Mahumetanes , yet will not be called Turks but Bersemanni , and their chiefe Priest Seyd , whom they reverence more then their Maker ; and admit that none should touch his hand , but their Kings , and these too with an humble gesture : their Dukes aspire not above his knee , nor their Nobles higher then his feete : the rest are happy , if they can but reach at his garment , his horse , his any-thing , so simple are they in their superstition : and thus have they continued either Atheists or false Idolaters , ever since their first entrance upon this Kingdome in the yeare 1187. Before , they were not esteemed a Nation at all , but wilde people , without law or reason almost , who lived in the open fields , and conversed with no other then their own Heards of Cattle . map of Tartary A NEWE MAPE OF TARTARY augmented by . Iohn . Speede. and are to be sold in pops head Alley by George Humble . Anno. 1626. ( 11 ) The limits are now on the North the Scythian Ocean , on the West the Muscovian Empire , Sarmatia Europaea , & mare Caspium : on the South Mount Caucasus , the Kingdome of Persia , and part of India : and on the East partly the Easterne Seas , and partly the Kingdome of China . Thus divided she containes five Provinces . ( 1 ) Tartaria minor . ( 2 ) Asiatica . ( 3 ) Antiqua . ( 4 ) Zagathai intra Imaum . ( 5 ) Cathai , extra Imaum . ( 12 ) Tartaria minor is called likewise Horda Precopensium , a sort of Tartars which have their name from one Citie Precops , but inhabit all those plaines which lye round about the Pontus Euxinus , or Mare Magor , and Palus Maeotis , including the whole Taurica Chersonesus , so that she extends her limits from the banks of the River Boristhenes , as far as Tanais . Her chiefe Province is the Chersonesus , a Peninsula seventie miles in compasse , which tooke the name of Taurica from Osyris , who ( they say ) first plowed this land with a yoke of Bulls . It was invaded by one Vlanus , from whom the Inhabitants of this whole Region were sometimes called Vlani , as they were after Crym Tartars , from that city Crym , once the Kings seat of this Peninsula , though it stood not within her limits : For her principall Towne was ( 1 ) Theodosia now Caffa , where there was heretofore a Colony of Genoaes , till they were dispossest by Mahomet the eighth Emperour of the Turks : ( 2 ) Eupatoria : ( 3 ) Parthenium , &c. The other Townes of this Tartaria Precopensis , which stand without the Chersonesus , are Oczacon , which this people tooke from the Dukes of Lituania , and Tanas , which stands in the utmost part of this Tartaria , above the mouth of the River Tanais , some three miles distant . It is called by the Inhabitant Azac , and is a place of great traffique , & free accesse from many neighbouring Nations . Neare this South-ward , beginnes the Palus Maeotis , reacheth as farre as the Taurica Chersonesus , betwixt which & the main land , is the Bosphorus Cimmerius ; and on their South banks flowes their Pontus Euxinus , which runnes into the Propontis , but returnes not . This Sea is in some places so deepe , that the water appeares at top black , and was therefore called Mare nigrum . It might be thought , that the people living so near the civill parts of Christendome , were better mannered , then the Asiatike Tartars ; But their stubborne rudenesse takes in foule scorne to be taught by any other Nation : and therefore stands stifly to their old course of life , in woods , and wilde fields , and cease not to commit continuall murders and rapines upon the Countries adjoyning , with an inveterate hate to such , as professe the Name of Christ ; in so much , that they have engaged themselves to pay yearly three hundred Christians , as tribute to the great Turk ; which number they draw out of Polonia , Russia , Lituania , Walachia , and part of Moscovia . ( 13 ) Asiatica or Tartaria deserta et Moscoritica differs not much from the ancient Sarmatia Asiatica , which in Ptolemies descriptions is bounded on the West , with the River Tanais and Palus Maeotis , on the East , with Scythia intra Imaum , on the North with the Montes Hyperborei , and on the South with the mountains Coran & Caucasus . The Inhabitants live in Hordes as the rest do , which remove often , & direct their wandring course by observing the Pole-starre . In this too their Hordes have divisions , and are known by severall names : The chiefe is Zaucll which for the most part lies betwixt the rivers Volga , & Laych , and in regard it is as it were the mother-Hord to the rest , it was called magna Horda , and her Emperour Vlacham , magnus dominus ; for so he was , and had full power of a Prince , till they were subdued by the Precopenses in the yeare one thousand five hundred sixe , and after by Basilius Duke of Moscoria . Next to this are the Casanenses , which have their chiefe Citie Casan , upon the River Volga , near the confines of Moscoria . It was once an intire government to it selfe , but in the yeare one thousand five hundred fifty one , after many victories and revolts , it was fully and irrecoverably vanquisht , and made an addition to the Duke of Moscoria's title . The Inhabitants here are somewhat more ingenuous then the Precopenses : they till their ground , and in some places build houses , and practise Merchandise with the Turks and Moscorites . Not much unlike to these are the Astrachanenses , situate toward the mare Capium , and have their name from their rich Metropolis Astrachan , twenty Italian miles distant from the mouth of Volga ; both they and it , were subdued in the yeare one thousand foure hundred ninety foure , by the Duke of Moscoria . Besides these there are many other wilde Hordes of Tartars ; Of the Nohaicenses , Thumenenses , Schibaschienses , Casachienses , As●nichanenses , Baschirdi , Kirgessi , Molgamozani . These last strange Idolaters of the Sun and a piece of a red clout , hung up before them upon a pole . They live in Caves , and feed for the most part upon such creatures as creep upon the ground : some of them are Anthropophagi . And hereabouts is the great lake called Kytay . ( 14 ) Tartaria antiqua , the ancient seat of the Tartars , and Kingdome of Magog , when both the first Inhabitant was placed by the sonne of Iapheth , and when these last Tartars entred , under the command of Chinchis . It was the utmost portiō of the Tartarian Empire , to the frozen Seas on her North , the Scythian on the East , and the mare de Annian : for it containes many disperst Hordes , all ( almost ) subject to the great Cham of Cathai . In the most Northerne tract , which strikes into the Sea beyond the polar circle dwell the Dani , Neptalitae , Mecriti , &c. more Southward the Kingdome of Tabor , and the vast desert Caraecoranum , and the mount Altay , the place of buriall for the Tartarian Emperours . Toward the East Seas and neer the Promontory of Tabin , are the Regions of Arzaret , ( which some thinke to be the very place first possest by the remnant of the ten captive Tribes , ) and Annian , and Argon , and Tenduch , and Mongal , and many other , whose people live after the antique manner in tents moveable , some few Cities they have , poorely built , and as rudely customed . Among other incivilities they have this fashion , to prostitute their wives and sisters to such guests , as they would entertaine most friendly ; and when it was once forbad by their great Cham , they recovered it againe with much suite , and solemne protestation , that they had not thrived since it was laid aside . The ground brings forth good store of especiall good Rhubarbe . ( 15 ) Zagathai , the same with Scythia intra Imaum , and is bounded upon the West with the mare Caspium , upon the East with the desert as farre as Lop : upon the North with the River Iaxartus , and upon the South with the Mount Caucasus . It hath the name from their Prince , brother to their great Cham , and containes in it these severall Provinces : ( 1 ) Zagatai , where Tamberlane was borne , and first bare rule in the Citie Sarmachand , a place enricht by his victories , and memorable for the death of Clytus , slaine by Alexander in his drunken fury . The seate of the Governour is in Bochara , another Towne of the best note here . ( 2 ) Bactria now Cocazzan , the Inhabitants were led by Bessus , which slew Darius , and the first King was Zoroastes , in the time of Ninus the Assyrian , and twice tried the fortune of warre with him , but was at last vanquished , and his Kingdome made a Province to the Monarchie : In severall ages it hath beene tossed into the hands of divers States , among the rest , the Romanes had it once in their possession , at which time , the Inhabitāts received knowledge of the truth from the mouth of Saint Thomas : but have lost it since by the tyranny of the Saracens and Tartars . ( 3 ) Sogdiana on the North of Bactria where Gropolis stood , built for a Fort against the Scythians , and standing to the time of Alexander , who battered it to the ground . ( 4 ) Margiana , and ( 5 ) Turchestan , East of the Mare Caspium , and was the seat of the Turks before they brake into Armenia . ( 16 ) Cathaie , the same with Scythia extra Imaum , and is the Empire of the great Cham of the Tartars , and true progenie of Chinchis . It is compassed almost with mountaines , and deserts ▪ and is divided from China , onely by a great wall on the South . The soyle is exceeding fertile , and the people farre more civill , then in the other parts of Tartaria . Her Provinces are ( 1 ) Cathaie , which is supposed to be the antique seate of the Seres : and is therefore called Regio Serica : For it sends forth excellent Silkes , Stuffes , and Chamlets , and other rare Commodities , which equalize her ( at least in her owne esteeme ) to the best parts of Europe . Her Metropolis is Cambelu , twenty-eight miles in compasse , besides the suburbs , built foure-square by the River Polysangus , and enricht from India , China , and other Regions , with all sorts of Merchandise . Here their great Cham lives , but is buried at the Mount Altay , and is conveyed thither by a strong guard , which kils all they meet in the way , and commands them to serve their Lord in the other world : Maginus reports from Marcus Polus , that while he was in Cathaie , tenne thousand persons lost their lives upon one such occasion . ( 2 ) Tangut , which ( they say ) had the Art of Printing many hundred yeares before it was knowne among us . ( 3 ) Camul . ( 4 ) Tanifu . ( 5 ) Tebet , not much differing either from themselves , or the other parts of Tartaria , which belong to the Kingdome of Cathaie . The Description of the Sommer Ilands , once called the BERMUDAS . AS it hath pleased God of his especiall grace and mercy to deliver this Nation from that sinke of errours , and superstitious practises wherewith the face of Christendome was overspread : and hath caused the truth of Piety and Religion to shine amongst us , through the effectuall Ministry of his Word : In so much that there is no Nation in the world , to whom the grace of God hath ( in these latter times ) more abounded , nor where true Religion hath beene so generally imbraced and maintained , as in this Kingdome : So hath he likewise delivered us from many eminent dangers , and evill practises at home and abroad : hath blessed us with much peace and prosperitie : and moreover , hath honoured us with such notable favours , that the fame of the worthy exploits , and noble attempts of this Nation by Sea and by Land , hath resounded to the glory of his Name , even to the farthest parts of the earth ; And I beseech God ( in the Name of him in whom alone he is well-pleased ) still to continue this his goodnesse towards us , although in these times we have just cause to feare the contrary . Amongst these latter sort of Benefits which God hath vouchsafed to this Nation , I meane that magnanimitie and courage , and his divine assistance in the prosecution of so many notable actions , may worthily , in my judgement ( though sleighted at by some ) be reckoned that noble enterprise , of planting VIRGINIA with Christian Religion , and English people . And as he hath manifested his succour and providence many waies , beyond expectation , for the advancement of this worke , so not a little in the discovery of the Sommer Ilands : for ( to omit other reasons ) these are as it were the Key , opening a passage , and making the way more safe to many parts of this new World , and especially to Virginia : so that if they had been discovered and inhabited by any such as would oppose the planting of Virginia : It had proved a matter so difficult and dangerous , that in all likelihood it had been relinquished ere this time ; of these I have exhibited this description , with the relation following . These Ilands , formerly called the Bermudas , now the Sommer Ilands , shunned by Travellers , as most dangerous , and seldome seene by any , except against their wills ; reputed to be rather a hold and habitation of Devils , then any fit place for men to abide in , were discovered in the yeare 1609. in manner following , There was at that time eight Ships send by the Adventurers to Virginia , amongst which one of the best and strongest was called the Sea-venture , in burden neere 300. tunne : In this , were their chiefe Commanders , Sir Thomas Gates , & Sir George Sommers , and with them about 150. persons . And upon the 25. of Iuly the same yeare , being at Sea , this Ship called the Sea-venture , was by a fierce and terrible storme separated from the rest of the Fleet : and withall so shaken and torne by violence of the weather , that she sprung a leake : whereat the water came in so fast , that in short time it was seven or eight foot deepe within the hold . Whereupon , for safetie of their shippe and lives , they fell to pumping , and bayling out the water with buckets ; and continued their labour for three dayes , and as many nights without intermission . But then perceiving that they availed nothing , the water in this space rather increasing , then any whit abating ; Now hopelesse of safety , tyred and out-worne with labour , watching , and discomfort , and desirous to refresh their enfeebled spirits with some little rest before their death ; they resolved to cease their labour , and so by consequence permit their ship to sinke . Sir George Sommers sitting day and night all this while upon the Poope , to direct the Shippe as evenly as might be , lest she should be over-turned or swallowed of the waves , espied land , and thereupon called the Company together , and encouraged them again to pumping , and casting out water , by which meanes they kept her up from sinking , and by Gods providence escaped the rocks , till they gat within halfe a mile of the shoare , where she stuck fast betweene two rocks . The extremitie of the storme being then well qualified , they had time to land all their men , most part of their provision , and to save much of their ships tacking and iron-worke before she sanke . And thus it pleased God , by this evill , to bring to light a farre greater good , agreeable to that saying , Quae latet , inque boniscess at non cognita rebus , Apparet virtus , arguiturque malis . Having thus escaped the eminent danger of present death , and all safely arrived : We may well conceive their joy to have beene great , especially when they found there , in great abundance , Fish , Fowle , Hogs , and other things for the sustenance of man , and which they most of all feared , water : but no people , nor any kinde of cattell , except those Hogs , and a few wilde Cats ; which in likelihood had swoom a-shore out of some Ship cast away upon the coast , and there encreased . They abode there nine moneths , during which time , with help of such things as they saved of the Sea venture , and of such as they found in the Countrey , they built of Cedar , and rigged fit for the Sea , two Vessels , a Ship and a Pinnace , and upon the tenth of May 1610. departed toward Virginia , leaving onely two men behind them , and carrying with them store of provision for the reliefe of the people there . Vpon the 24. of May , they arrived safely there , and shortly after some of them returned to the Sommer Ilands againe for a further supply , in the same Ship which they had formerly built there ; where Sir George Sommers dying , his men did not according to his last charge given unto them , returne to Virginia ; but framed their course for England , leaving behind them three men , that stayed voluntarily , who shortly after found in Somerset Iland , which is part of Sandys Tribe , a very great treasure in Amber-greece , to the value of nine or ten thousand pound sterling : there hath also beene found since divers times of the best sort . This new discovery of the Sommer Ilands , being thus made knowne in England , to the Virginian Company , by these men which returned , they sold to some hundred and twenty persons of the same Company , who obtained a Charter from his Majesty , and so hold it . And toward the latter end of Aprill , 1612. sent thither a ship called the Plough , with some sixty persons , to inhabite , appointing Governour one Master Richard Moore , a man ingenious and carefull , who since died in Sir Walter Rawleyes last voyage to Guiana , ( a place as appeareth by our moderne Geographers , very rich and spatious ) . But , as I say , he arrived there about the beginning of Iuly , and found the foresaid three men that stayed voluntarily , very well . Master Moore spent three yeares of his government for the most part in fortifying the Country , and trayning the people in martial exercises , which custome hath beene continued by his successours : he built some nine or tenne Forts , placing Ordinance and Munition in them . In his time , the Lord sent upon the Countrey a very grievous scourge and punishment , threatning the utter ruine and desolation of it : That it came from God I need not strive to prove , especially considering it was generally so acknowledged by us at that time : The causes and occasions of it I need not name , being very well knowne to us all that then lived there , which were about 600. persons , though shortly after much diminished . I will onely shew the thing it selfe , which was a wonderfull annoyance by silly Rats : These Rats comming at the first out of a Ship , few in number , increased in the space of two year , or lesse , so exceedingly , that they filled not onely those places where they were first landed : But swimming from place to place , spread themselves into all parts of the Countrey . In so much , that there was no Iland , though severed by the Sea from all other Lands , and many miles distant from the Iles where the Rats had their originall , but was pestered with them . They had their nests almost in every tree , and in all places their Burrowes in the ground ( like Conies ) to harbour in . They spared not the fruits of Plants or Trees , neither the Plants themselves , but eat them up . When we had set our Corne , they would commonly come by troupes the night following , or so soone as it began to grow , and digge it up againe . If by diligent watching any of it were preserved till it came to caring , it should then very hardly scape them . Yea , it was a difficult matter after we had it in our houses , to save it from them , for they became noysome even to the persons of men . We used all diligence for the destroying of them , nourishing many Cats , wilde and tame , for that purpose ; we used Rats-bane , and many times set fire on the Woods , so as the fire might runne halfe a mile or more before it were extinct : Every man in the Countrey was enjoyned to set twelve Traps , and some of their owne accord set neere a hundred , which they visited twice or thrice in a night . We trayned up our Dogs to hunt them , wherein they grew so expert , that a good Dog in two or three houres space , would kill fortie or fiftie Rattes , and other meanes we used to destroy them , but could not prevaile , finding them still to encrease against us . map of the Bermudas Mappa AESTIVARUM Insularum alias Bermudas dictarum , ad ostia Mexicani aestuarij iacentium in Latitudine Graduum 32 : minutorum 25. Ab Anglia . Londino Scilicet versus I●● notum 3300 Miliaribus Anglicanis , et a Roanoack ( qui locus est in Virginia ) versus Euro notum 500 Mil. accu 〈…〉 A Mapp of the SOMMER 〈…〉 nds once called the ●●rmudas Lying at the mouth 〈◊〉 the bay of Mexico in the ●titude of 32. degr . 25. mi : ●●●tant from England viz from ●●●don toward the west south●●st 3300. miles And from ●●anoack in Virginia to●●rd the east south east ●●0 miles exactlie Surveyed . About this time , or immediately before , came thither a company of Ravens , which continued with us all the time of this mortalitie , and then departed . There were not before that time , nor since ( so farre as I heare ) any more of them seene there . And this , with some other reasons of more moment , moved many to thinke that there were some other Ilands neare the Sommer-Ilands , betweene Virginia , and it ; and Master Moore ( in his time , with some others of us ) went forth in a Boat so farre as then we could conveniently , of purpose to discover it : Since then , it hath been endevoured by others , and is yet ( as I heare ) to be further attempted . And howsoever I am perswaded ( for certaine causes which I cannot here relate ) there is no such thing ; Yet would I not dis-animate any from this enterprise , for if they finde any , their labours will be well recompenced ; and though they finde none , yet might they discover those parts so well , that the passage to and from Virginia would be more safe and easie . But to returne from whence we have digressed : The extremitie of our distresse beganne to abate a little before Master Moores time of Government was expired , partly by supplies out of England , of victuall and provision for fishing , and partly by that rest and libertie we then obtained , the Countrey being fortified . Yet the Rats encreased and continued almost to the end of Captaine Tuckers time , although he was provident and industrious to destroy them , but toward the end of his time it pleased God ( by what meanes it is not well knowne ) to take them away , in so much that the wilde Cats and many Dogges which lived on them were famished , and many of them leaving the woods , came downe to the houses , and to such places where they use to garbish their Fish , and became tame . Some have attributed this destruction of them to the encrease of wild Cats , but that is not likely they should be so suddenly encreased rather at that time , then in the foure yeares before . And the chiefe occasion of this supposition was because they saw such companies of them leave the Woods , and shew themselves for want of food . Others have supposed it to come to passe by the coldnesse of the weather , which notwithstanding is never so great there , as with us in March , nor scarce as it is in Aprill , except it be in the winde ; besides , the Rats wanted not feathers of young Birds and Chickens which they dayly killed , and of Palmeto Mosse ( as we call it ) to build themselves warme nests out of the winde , as usually they did . Neither doth it appeare that the cold was so mortall to them , seeing they would ordinarily swim from place to place , and be very fat even in the midst of Winter . It remaineth then , that as we know God doth sometimes effect his will without subordinate and secondary causes , and sometimes against them : So we need not doubt but that in the speedy encrease and spreading of these Vermine ; as also , in the preservation of so many of us by such weake meanes as we then enjoyed , and especially in the sodain removall of this great annoyance , there was joyned with , and besides the ordinary and manifest meanes , a more immediate and secret worke of God. Now to proceed , Master Moores time of government being expired , Captaine Tucker succeeded , arriving there about mid-May , 1616. who likewise governed ( according to the custome ) three yeares ; which time he spent , for the most part , in husbanding the Countrey , planting and nourishing all such things as were found either fit for Trade , or for the sustentation and use of the Inhabitants , wherein he travelled with much diligence and good successe , sending to some parts of the Indies for Plants and Fruits : he also added to the fortifications , and made some inclosures . In his time , viz. in the yeare 1617. was sent a Ship and provision , with men of skill , for the killing of Whales ; but they arrived there too late , to wit , about the midst of Aprill , so that before they could make ready their Shallops , and fit themselves , the principall season for Whale-fishing was past : For the Whales come thither in Ianuarie , and depart again toward the latter end of May : yet they struck some , but found them so lively , swift , and fierce after they were stricken , that they could take none . They yeeld great store of Oyle , as appeared by one that drave to shoare on Sommerset Iland , in Sandys Tribe : and by another that we found not farre from thence dead upon a Rock . I also received by Captaine Tucker , directions from the Adventurers to divide the Countrey , and to Assigne to each Adventurer his shares or portion of land : and withall , a description , with notes touching the manner how they would have it done , as they had formerly determined by lot . Which thing I did with all faithfulnesse and diligence , the manner of it doth above appeare , and is more largely manifested in a Booke of the Survey of the Countrey , exhibited to the Right Honourable his Majesties Councell , and the Court of Adventurers for these parts . And then began this , which was before as it were an unsetled and confused Chaos ( I meane as touching a Plantation , for considered onely as a Regiment it was otherwise ) to receive a convenient disposition , forme , and order , and to become indeed a Plantation ; for though the Countrey was small , yet they could not have beene conveniently disposed and well setled , without a true description and Survey made of it ; and againe every man being setled where he might constantly abide , they knew their businesse , and fitted their household accordingly . They built for themselves and their families , not Tents or Cabins , but more substantiall houses : they cleared their grounds , and planted not onely such things as would yeeld them their fruits in a yeare , or halfe a yeare : but all such too , as would afford them profit after certaine yeares , &c. So that in short time after , even before the expiration of Captaine Tuckers government , the Countrey began to aspire and neerly to approach unto that happinesse and prosperitie wherein now is flourisheth . For may it not justly be accounted happinesse and prosperitie , for men to live where they enjoy the meanes of true religion and salvation , to wit , the sincere ministery of the Word and Sacraments ? where the government is good , without rigour and oppression , the place healthfull and temperate ? where they are freed from all extreme care and toyle ? where they have food in abundance , and very good , with other things needfull to the body ? and where they have commodities meete for Trade , by which they may better and advance their estates ? all which and more is largely verified in the present estate of that Colony , whatsoever some maliciously minded , or to evill ends suborned , may say to the contrary , so that there may seeme to be a restauration of that golden age so much spoken of . The Governour now there resident , is one Captaine Butler , for Captaine Tucker departing thence in December , 1618. left in his place , Captaine Kendall , ( who also was one that supplied the same place in the interim , betweene Master Moores time and Captaine Tuckers ) and hath spent some nine or ten years in the Countrey . But in the yeare 1619. about Midsommer , the Adventurers sent thither as Governour for three yeares , ( according to the custome ) the said Captaine Butler , and foure Ships , with some five hundred persons , there being at that time in the Countrey onely five hundred more : for by the space of foure yeares , to wit , during the later part of Master Moores government , and all the time of Captaine Tuckers , they had sent few thither , being almost hopelesse of the place , by reason of the Rats : But since there have beene sent many Companies more then have come to my knowledge . In so much that I understand the Countrey is now almost fully Planted and Inhabited . Thus I have briefly related , ( so farre foorth as hath come to my knowledge and remembrance ) every thing of most note and importance that hath befallen in the first discovery and planting of these Ilands , till this present . I have laboured to contract my selfe , yet have exceeded my extended limits . Now I must speake something of the Countrey it selfe : which consisteth of a company of small Ilands , scituate and formed as above appeareth . It lyeth in the Westerne Ocean , in that part of the world lately discovered , and called AMERICA , or the NEVV WORLD , vulgarly , the WEST INDIES : It hath Latitude , or elevation ( as is above-said ) 32. Degrees 25. minutes , which is almost the same with the Maderaes , or rather more Southward . Now the better to manifest the scituation of it , I have reduced the whole into a narrow roome , placing it , as above appeareth at the Center or middle of the Flye or Compasse : and withall have made an appearance of the Sea-coast of VIRGINIA , as also of sundry other places of Note adjacent , according to their true position and distance from it , as neere as I could gather ; so that the Compasse sheweth how any of those places bear from the SOMMER ILANDS : and if you measure by the parts of the graduated Meridian , from the middle of the Compasse to any of those places , you have their distance . For every Degree is twenty Leagues , or sixtie Miles . The Countrey is round about environed with Rocks ; which to the North-ward , West-ward , & South-West-ward , extend farther then hath beene yet discovered : By reason of these Rockes the Countrey is very strong : For there is onely two places ( and scarce two , except to such as know them well ) where shipping may safely come in : & those places are very wel fortified : but within its roome to entertaine a Royall Fleet. The Rockes in most places appeare at a low water : neither are they much covered at a high water ; For it ebbs and flowes there , not above five foot . The shore it selfe ( for the most part ) is a Rock : so hardned by the Sunne , Winde , and Sea , that it is not apt to be worne by the waves ; whose violence is also broken by the Rocks , before they come at the shoare . The Mould is of divers colours ; neither Clay , nor Sand , but a meane betweene . The Red , which resembleth Clay , is worst ; the whitish , resembling Sand , and the blackish Clay , is good : the Brown between them both ( which they call white , because there is mingled with it as it were a white Marle ) is best . Vnder the mould two or three foot deepe , and sometimes lesse , is a kinde of white , hard substance , which they call the Rock : the Trees usually fasten their rootes in it ; and draw their nourishment from it : Neither is it indeed Rocke or Stone , nor so hard , though for the most part harder then Chalke , nor so white , but Pumice-like and spungie , easily receiving and containing much water : I have seen , in some places , Clay found under it . It seemes to be engendered of the Rain-water , draying through the earth , and drawing with it of his substance , unto a certaine depth where it congeales . The hardest kind of it ( which is commonly under the red ground ) is not so spungie , nor re●●ins much water ; but lveth in the ground in Quarries , as it were thick Slates one upon another : & there is some chinks or crevices betwixt one lare and another , through which the water hath passage : so that in such places there is scarce found any fresh water . For all , or the most part of their fresh water ( whereof they have good store ) cometh out of the Sea ; drayning through the sand , or through the fore said substance , which they call the Rocke , and leaving his salt behinde , it becomes fresh : Sometimes we digged wels of fresh water , within foure or five pases of the Sea-side ; sometimes further off . The most part of them would ebbe and flow , as the Sea did , and be levell or little higher then the superficies of the Sea. The aire is most commonly clear , very temperate , moist , with a moderate heat , very healthfull , and apt for generation and nourishing of all things ; so that there is scarce any thing transported from hence thither , but it yeelds a far greater encrease ; if it be any living thing , becomes fatter and better-liking , then here . By this means the Countrey was so replenished with Hens and Turkies , within the space of three or foure years , that being neglected , many of them forsooke the houses , and became wilde , and so lived in great abundance . The like encrease there is of Hogs and other Cattle , according to their kinds . There seems to be a continuall Spring , which is the cause that some few things come not to that maturity and perfection , as were requisite . And though the Trees doe shed their leaves , yet they are alwayes full of greene . The Corne is the same which they use almost in all parts of the West Indies , to wit , Maiz : which , to such as are used to it , is more hearty and nourishing then our English Wheat , and yeelds a farre greater encrease , as a pound , sometimes , of one or two graines . Of this Corne , and divers other things without either plowing or digging the ground , they have two harvests every yeare : for they set about March , which they gather in Iuly ; and again in August , which is ripe in December : And little slips of Fig-trees , and Vines , doe usually beare fruit in lesse then a yeare after they be planted , sometimes in halfe a yeare . The like fertility it hath in other things . There is scarce at any time to be perceived either frost or snow , nor any extream heat ; for there is almost alwaies some wind stirring , which cleareth and cooleth the ayre . Their Summers and Winters observe the same times with ours , but their longest dayes & nights are shorter then ours in England by two houres and almost a halfe : as also their shortest dayes and nights are as much longer then ours : for their longest dayes and nights are about fourteen houres , and their shortest ten . When it is Noone with us , it is Morning with them ; and when it is about five of the clock in the Evening with us , it is high noone with them : so that whilst the Sunne declines with us , it riseth with them , as also it doth in Virginia . It is apt to thunder and lightning all the yeare , oft-times more terrible then in England ; but no man , or other living creature have I knowne hurt by it . There is no venomous creature in the Countrey : the yellow Spider which is there , making her web as it were of silke , and bringing forth her young ( as the Alchimists their stone ) of Egges like little balls of quick-silver , is not perceived to be any whit venomous . Yet there is a Plant ( that clymeth trees like Ivie , the leafe also of the same colour , but in shape like the Vine ) that is some-what venomous , but of no great force . There is great store and variety of Fish , and so good that these parts of the World afford not the like ; which being for the most part unknowne to us , each man gave them names as they best liked : As one kind they called Rock-fish , another Groopers , others Progy-fish , Hog-fish , Angel-fish , Cavallyes , Yellow-tayles . Spanish Makarell , Mullets , Breame , Conny-fish , Morrayes , Sting-tayles , Flying fish , &c. The like they did by the Fowle , as Cohooes , Sand Birds , Herons , Duck and Teale , Pemlicoes , Castle-boobies , Hawkes , &c. The Countrey , when we first began the Plantation , was all over-growne with woods and Plants of severall kinds : and to such kinds as were unknowne to us ( which were the most part ) we also gave names ; such as were known retaining their old names : as Cedars , Palme-toes , Black-wood , White-wood , Yellow-wood , Mulbery-trees , Stopper-trees , Laurell and Olive-trees , Mangrowes , Pepper-trees , Yellow-berry-weed , Red-weed : These and many others , we have naturally growing in the Countrey . But since it hath beene inhabited , there hath beene brought thither , as well from the Indies , as from other parts of the World , sundry other Plants , as Vines of severall kinds , Sugar-canes , Fig-trees , Apple-trees , Oranges , Lymons , Pomegranets , Plantaines , Pines , Parsnips , Raddishes , Artichokes , Potatoes , Cassado , Indico , and many other : In so much that it is now become as it were some specious Garden or Nurcery of many pleasant and profitable things . Now if I should proceed to a more speciall Narration , and speake of all these Plants , Birds , Fishes , and other remarkable things particularly : I could not but be much larger then were any waies expedient in this place . Besides , I have long since understood , that Captaine Butler ( the Governour there resident ) hath undertaken to write of these and the like things , a peculiar Treatise . This therefore that is spoken touching the nature of the Countrey in generall , shall suffice . Only to give the Reader some taste and satisfaction in that kinde , I will make choyse of two particulars , whereof I will speake , not so largely as the thing requires ; but so farre forth as will be meete and convenient in this place . The first shall be the Tortoys , which they call a Turckle : which having some affinity and resemblance with Fishes , Beasts , and Fowles , shall serve in stead of an History of them all . The other shall be that which they call the prickled Peare-tree : which participating in nature , and resembling in some things , Hearbes , and in other , Trees ; shall likewise serve in stead of the naturall History of them both . And first of the Turckle , not regarding ( for brevities sake ) the large discourses of others ; I will onely write what I have seen and known my selfe . They are in the shape of their body like a Crab-fish ; and have foure ●innes : they are as great as three or foure men can carry : the upper part of them is covered with a great shell , which we call a galley-patch weighing ( as I take it ) halfe a hundred weight : that flesh that cleaveth to the inside of this being rosted against the fire , is excellent meat , almost like the marrow of Beefe ; but the shell it selfe harder then horne : she hath also a shell on her belly , not so hard , but being boyled it becometh soft like the sinews or gristle of Beefe ; and good meat . These live in the Sea , spending the Spring-time , and part of Summer about these Ilands : but the residue of the yeare , we know not where . They are like to Fowle in respect of smalnesse and fashion of their heads and necks : which are wrinckled like a Turkies , but white , and not so sharpe billed . They also breed their young of Egges which they lay . They resemble Beasts , in that their flesh is like Veale , but more hard and solid ; and they feed alwaies upon grasse growing at the bottome of the water , neither can they abide any longer under water , thē they hold their breath ; which the old ones will doe long : but the young ones being chased to and fro , cannot continue two minutes without coming up to breathe . Shortly after their first coming in , the Male and Female couple , which we call cooting ; this they continue some three dayes together , during which time , they will scarce separate though a Boat come to them , nor hardly when they are smitten . Not long after , the she-Turckle comes up by night upon some sandy bay ; and further up then the water useth to flow , she digges a hole with her finne in the sand , some two foot deepe ; and there coming up severall nights layes her egges , some halfe a bushell ( which are about the bignesse of a Hens egge , and round as a ball ) and each time covers them with sand very curiously ; so that a man shall hardly find the place . These egges ( as it seemes ) are afterwards hatched by heat of the Sun , and then by the providence of God ( the means as yet unknown to us ) are brought out of the earth , for we could never perceive that she returnes any more to them , and yet in likely-hood they remain not long in the earth after they are hatched , because ( as I have before said ) they cannot live without breathing . We sometimes see of the young ones no bigger then a mans hand , which some fish will devoure . They grow slowly , and seeme to have a very long life ; they 'le sleepe on the top of the water , and were wont to sleepe often on the land , till the Countrey was peopled ; they will also live out of the water some three weeks , and that without meat , but mourne and pine a way ; they are wery witty . Being on the land turned upon their backs , they can no more without some helpe or advantage recover themselves ; by which means when they come on shore to lay their egges , they are easily taken , as also they are when they are cooting . But otherwise we take them for the most part by night , making a great light in a Boat , to which they will sometimes swim , and seldome shun : so that a man standing ready with a staffe in his hand , which hath at one end a socket , wherein is an Iron lesse then a mans finger , foure-square and sharpe , with a l●ne fastned to it , he striketh this Iron into the upper shell of the Turckle , it sticks so fast , that after she hath a little tyred her selfe by swimming to and fro , she is taken by it . They will live , the head being cut off , foure and twenty houres ; so that if you cut the flesh with a knife , or touch it , it will tremble and shrinke away . There is no meat will keepe longer either fresh or salt . But leaving these , we will now come to speak of the prickled pears , which are a fruit growing in these Ilands , in such places as are scarce fit for any thing else , namely , upon rocks and cliffes , and commonly by the Sea-side , as if the salt water did some-what help to the generation and nourishing of them . The tree seemes to grow certaine yeares before it beares fruit , and then to continue bearing , very many yeares , having almost all the yeare long fruit upon it . And although we call this a tree , yet hath it scarce any body or branches , but consisteth in a manner wholly of leaves and fruit , soft and brittle . But because there is a very learned Writer hath made a description ( as it may seeme ) of this Plant , wherein he hath given some light of that profit and commodity that may arise of it ; I have thought good to translate the same into English , and here to insert it , which is as followeth . Card de variet . Rerum . The Purple or Scarlet dye hath alwaies beene of greatest value , and it is two-fold , to wit , of Wooll , which in times past was thus coloured , with the Iuice of a a fish , whereof we have spoken where we treated of fishes . Of late it hath beene dyed with b Coccus , whereof we have also spoken in his place . But Silke as we have said , was dyed with certaine knots of c Bibenella : though now for the most part with the graine comming of the d Indian Fig : heereof we made mention whilst we spake of Aloes , as also where we spake of Silke dye : It will not be amisse now to gather them both into one . The Indian Fig is so called , because in respect of the forme of the fruit the greatnesse of his leaves it resembleth a Fig : But I will describe it more accurately ; for when I was at Genoway , I there saw it at a certaine Physicians house , where also I first saw the Indian Balme . This Indian Fig is called by them of Mexico , where there is great store of them , Nuchtly , ●nd the tree it selfe Nopai : But the Indians of Hispaniola call both the tree and the fruit Tuna . Some also doe account that which they call Pythaya , to be of the same kind : because in these two things they agree , namely , in that they have both a very bright red colour , stayning the hands , and colouring the urine , that it seemes to be bloud : they both also have red graines within the fruit as a Fig , and both grow on prickled Plants : but they differ in the fruit ; that which they call Pythaya , is not crowned as the other which they call Tuna is : but in form resembleth a Quince , being of a bloud red-colour , and a very hard rynde . The Plant therefore that bears the foresaid fruit , called Tuna or Nuchtly , hath his leaves a foot long , and halfe a foot broad , and neare an Inch thick , very green and full of long stiff ▪ prickles , almost of an ash colour . The best fruit are those which are white , next , those which are yellow ; in the next place those which are of changeable colour : the last and worst sort of these * are those which are greene , and any of these sorts are usually eaten without feare . The fruit it selfe is very like a * Fig , as well in respect of the limmernesse and softnesse of the rynde , as also in forme or shape , save that it is somewhat longer : and hath as it were a crown on the top , like Medlars . This his description of the Indian Fig called , as it seemes by the Indians , in some places , Tuna , in others Nuchtly , exactly agreeth with that fruit which in the Sommer Islands we call the prickled Peare : Neither is there any such difference as can make them appeare to be of divers kinds . I understand that the like fruit is also growing in Virginia , I have seene of the leaves of this tree , being full of great prickles , hanged round about the wals of a Storehouse to preserve the Come that was therein the Rats : which after a moneth or two dropping downe , have againe grown and produced other trees by the wals side . The leaves are full of Iuyce , cleare and clammy as the whites of Egges . Now touching the dying of Silke or Scarlet with this fruit I have known no tryall to be made : but this light being given , I doubt not but some will exercise their skill that wayes : Two things are herein requisite , first that it may have his perfect maturity and ripenesse ; and then that it be used in such manner , and with such materials as are convenient : whether Arsnick , Allome , Tartar , alias Argoll , Wormeseed , the scum of Sope , the water of Bran , or what else : and yet perchance the diversity of Regions may make all frustrate . For I have found by experience setting the seeds here in England , the Plant to degenerate so much that it could scarce be known from a Thistle . Much more might be spoken hereof , which I let passe , that I might draw to an end . Now because ( as I have before said ) these Islands may seeme , as well in the strange manner of their discovery as in respect of their strength and scituation , to be ordained and reserved by the providence of God , not so much for themselves ( being small ) as for the more easie and commodious planting of other parts of this new World ; and especially of Virginia . And because by the wisdome and discretion of his Majesties Counsell for that place , it hath beene lately ordered and foreseene that the Sommer Islands might have some necessary coherence , and as it were dependancy upon Virginia , ( so that looke how much land any man doth properly possesse in the Sommer Islands , he hath at least foure times so much in Virginia ) the care also and oversight of them both being committed to the right Honorable the Earle of Southampton : ( whose Honorable affection and endevours as they have every way appeared for the good of this Common-wealth , so particularly in the government of these affaires : Insomuch that they are on a sudden growne to thrice so great strength and prosperity as formerly they had . ) I say for these causes , having my selfe spent certaine years in the one place , and being sometimes conversant with such as have lived in the other , I think it fit to expresse my opinion truly as I am perswaded of these Plantations , and so explaining it by two or three arguments to conclude . I say therefore the Countries being free to be possessed , affording things meete for houshold provision and trade , and being also healthfull and agreeable to the constitutions of our Country-men ; all which of the one I know and can affirme , and of the other understand no lesse : the planting of them ( besides the benefit of the adventurers ) must needs adde much to the strength , prosperitie and glory of this Kingdome , would prove a singular benefit to the native Inhabitants of Virginia ; and also to such our Country-men as should goe over , and in all tend to the glory of God. For first , touching such as goe over . It is not unknowne that amongst other things wherein God hath prospered our Nation , this is one : that he hath caused us to multiply and encrease exceedingly ; Insomuch that his blessing pronounced touching the Iews , that their children should say , Isa. 40.20 . The place is straight for me , give place to me that I may dwell , may seeme after a sort to be verified & accomplished in us at this day : so that although many thousands were aspared , the land would remain abundantly replenished : which being so , if such as lack meanes here ( as many doe ) to support the charges incident to themselves and their families , in such sort as were requisite , to goe over thither ; they are forth-with endowed with lands and employments , whence through their industrie they may raise their estates . And it is certaine there are very few there , but they maintaine themselves farre better , and with lesse care and pains then they did or could doe here . Againe , if they be such as have meanes to purchase land there , and transport servants at their own charge , they have in their lands large penny-worths , and for their servants many profitable employments . Secondly , the benefit that should redound to the native Inhabitants of Virginia is very great , whilst by this meanes they might in time be reclaimed from their rude conditions , and savage kind of life , to more humanity and knowledge , being instructed in Arts and Occupations ; and furnished with sundry instruments , so necessary in humane Societies , that without them we could not well subsist : and finally be reduced to a more civill and orderly forme of government . But chiefly and in the first place , those silly creatures sitting now in darknesse , and in the shadow of death : might be delivered from darknes to light , & from the power and tyranny of Satan , unto God , by faith in Christ. Lastly , as it would adde much to the fame and glory of this Kingdome , so would it to the strength and prosperitie thereof : whilst we might be served from thence with sundry commodities which we now obtaine from other places with the exporting and diverting hence an infinite treasure , and that many times to the enriching of the enemies of our State and Religion : as Currants , and other fruit , Oyles , Gummes , Cotten-wooll , Sugar , Rich Furres , Caviary and Cordage , Masts , Plancks , Boards , Pitch , Tarre , Pot-ashes , and Sope-ashes , Hempe , Flax , Iron , Salt , Silkes , Woad , Madder , Indico , and other Drugs for Dyes , and Physick , &c. For it is not to be doubted , but these and the like things doe cost this Kingdome yearely many Millions of wealth . Some men will say , though these things or any them were brought us from these Plantations , yet would there be little saved to this Common-wealth , because they would and in equitie might expect to receive their price for them ; but the difference is very great : First , because we might have them from thence at lower Rates , the voyage being shorter and lesse dangerous then in any of the others : Secondly the customes and other duties which we now pay in Forraine Countries would there be saved ; for though they were as great as they are in those countries , yet would they wholly redound to the benefit of his Majestie , and consequently to the good of this Kingdome : Thirdly , forasmuch as those which are Adventurers thither , live and have their estates here in Englaud , & condition with such as they send over at their charge upon their lands , to receive from them the ratable moyetie of all such profits as shall be raised on their lands : It is evident that a great part of those commodities would be brought in without any charge to this Kingdome , whilst there should be neither money , nor wares exported for them : And so they would become as it were the naturall commodities of our owne Countrey . Moreover the Planters there are our Countrey-men , members of the same Common-wealth with us : who may no doubt in short time deserve of the Indians so well , in the things before mentioned , and succouring them in their wants , &c. as may move them freely without compulsion or injury , to resigne themselves to his Majesties protection and government . And many other benefits are like to arise of this worthy action , which might stirre up forwardnesse in the prosecution of it . But let this suffice to be spoken in this place . BRITANNIA THE THEATRE OF THE EMPIRE OF GREAT BRITAINE : Presenting AN EXACT GEOGRAPHY of the Kingdomes of ENGLAND , SCOTLAND , IRELAND , and the ILES adioyning : With The Shires , Hundreds , Cities and Shire townes , within the Kingdome of ENGLAND , divided and described By IOHN SPEED . IMPRINTED AT LONDON Anno Cum Privilegio 1627 Are to be sold by George Humble at the Whit horse in Popes-head Alley A BRITAINE A ROMANE A SAXON A DANE A NORMAN THE BRITISH EMPIRE CONTAINETH AND HATH NOVV IN ACTVALL possession , those many , and renovvned KINGDOMES , and PRINCIPALITIES DESCRIBED IN THIS OVR THEATRE . THE KINGDOME OF ENGLAND , anciently containing seven famous Kingdomes : 1 The Kingdome of Kent . 2 The Kingdome of South-Saxons . 3 The Kingdome of West-Saxons . 4 The Kingdome of East-Saxons . 5 The Kingdom of Northumbrians . 6 The Kingdome of East-Angles . 7 The Kingdome of Mercia . THE KINGDOME OF SCOTLAND , anciently containing these three Kingdomes : 1 The Kingdome of Scots . 2 The Kingdome of Picts . 3 The Kingdome of the Iles. THE PRINCIPALITIE OF WALES , anciently containing these three Kingdomes : 1 The Kingdome of North-Wales . 2 The Kingdome of Powys-land . 3 The Kingdome of South-Wales . THE KINGDOME OF IRELAND , anciently containing these five Kingdomes : 1 The Kingdome of Mounster . 2 The Kingdome of Leinster . 3 The Kingdome of Meth. 4 The Kingdome of Connaught . 5 The Kingdome of Vlster . THE KINGDOME OF MAN , with the Iles adjoyning . THE ACHIEVEMENT OF OUR SOVERAIGNE KING IAMES AS HE NOWE BEARETH With the ARMES of the Severall kings that have aunciently raigned within his nowe Dominions DIEV ET MON DROIT HONI SOIT QVI MAL Y PENSE . TO THE MOST HIGH AND MOST POTENT MONARCH , IAMES , OF GREAT BRITAIN , FRANCE , AND IRELAND KING ; THE MOST CONSTANT AND MOST LEARNED DEFENDER OF THE FAITH ; INLARGER AND UNITER OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE ; RESTORER OF THE BRITISH NAME ; ESTABLISHER OF PERPETUALL PEACE , IN CHURCH AND COMMON-WEALTH ; PRESIDENT OF ALL PRINCELY VERTUES AND NOBLE ARTS : JOHN SPEED , HIS MAJESTIES MOST lowly and most loyall Subiect and Servant , consecrateth these his Labours , though unworthy the aspect of so high an Imperiall Majestie . DIEV ET MON DROIT ✚ HONI ✚ SOIT ✚ QVI MAL ✚ Y ✚ PENSE ✚ TO THE WELL-AFFECTED AND FAVOVRABLE READER . SO great was the attempt to assay the erection of this large and laborious THEATRE , whose onely plat-forme might well have expected the readiest hand of the best Artist , that even in the entrance of the first draught , as one altogether discouraged , I found my selfe farre unfit and unfurnished both of matter and meanes , either to build , or to beautifie so stately a project . But how the Lord then composed my minde for the Worke , or rather how his own great power would be seene in my weaknesse , is now in some measure made manifest by raising the frame thereof to this height , which here from the Presse sheweth his aspect unto the world . But with what content to thy eye ( gentle Reader ) I stand in suspence , so many Master-builders having in this subject gone before me , and I the least , not worthy to hew ( much lesse to lay ) the least stone in so beautifull a Building : neither can I for my heedlesse presumption alledge any excuse , unlesse it be this , that the zeale of my Countries glory so transported my senses , as I knew not what I undertooke , untill I saw the charges thereof ( by others bestowed ) to amount so high , as I held it a conscience to frustrate their designements ; wherein albeit , it may be objected that I have put my Sickle into other mens Corne , and have laid my Building upon other mens Foundations ( as indeed who can doe otherwise , especially in a subject of this nature , seeing that the wisest of Kings witnesseth , that there is nothing new under the Sunne ) yet let this in part suffice for my defence , that in the worke of the Tabernacle there was more metals used then the orient Gold , and more work-men imployed then Aholiab aud Bezaleel ; neither did all the Israelites offer to that most glorious Work , Gold , Silver , Onix-stones , Purple , Scarlet , and fine Linnen : but some of them , Brasse , Wood , Goats-haire , Rams fels , and Badgers skins , as necessary implements in their severall Services . If then , with the poore Widdow , I cast in my mite , and by mine own travell adde somewhat more then hath been already divulged , let me crave thy acceptance , where I have done right , and thine assistance to correct where I misse , which I trust may as well be hoped as requested , thy love with mine being alike obliged unto this our native Land. Whos 's beautie and benefits , not afarre off , as Moses saw Canaan from Pisgah , but by mine own travels through every Province of England and VVales , mine eyes have beheld : and whose Climate , Temperature , Plentie and Pleasures , make it to be as the very Eden of Europe ( pardon me I pray , if affection passe limits ) for the store of Corn in the Champian , and of Pasturage in the lower Grounds , presseth the Cart under the sheaves to the Barne , and filleth the Coffers of their possessors . Neither are the faces of the Mountaines and Hils onely spread over with infinite Herds and sorts of Cattell , but their intrals also are in continuall travell , and continually delivered of their rich Progenies of Copper , Lead , and Iron , Marble , Crystall , Jet , Alabaster ; yea the most wonder-working Loadstone ; to say nothing either of Cannol and Sea coale , as rich for profit , and as needfull for use , or of the goodly Quarries of choisest stone , as necessary for strength , as estimable for beautie . Her Seas and Rivers so stored with Fish , and her Fels and Fens so replenished with wild Fowle , that they even present themselves for ready prey to their takers : briefly , every soile is so enriched with plentie and pleasures , as the Inhabitants thinke there is no other Paradise in the earth but where themselves dwell . The true plot of the whole Land , and that againe into parts in severall Cards , are here described , as likewise the Cities and Shire-townes are inserted , whereof some have been performed by others , without Scale annexed , the rest by mine own travels , and unto them for distinctions sake , the Scale of Paces , accounted according to the Geometricall measure , five foot to a pace I have set ; but in this imployment I am somewhat to excuse my selfe from wrongs conceived done unto more beautifull and richer Corporatious , which in this survey are in silence over-passed , and places of lesse note and frequency described : For satisfaction whereof ( good Reader ) understand my purpose , according to the Title prefixed , which in this Iland ( besides other things ) is to shew the situation of every Citie and Shire-towne onely . So that without injury to all , I could not insert some , though oftentimes it grieved me much to leave such beautifull places untouched : which notwithstanding being well knowne so to be , giveth no little glory to the Land in generall , so to be replenished with store and choise , as hardly can be judged which may be omitted . The Shires divisions into Lathes , Hundreds , Wapentakes and Cantreds , according to their ratable and accustomed manner , I have separated , and under the same Title that the record beareth , in their due places distinguished ; wherein by the help of the Tables annexed , any Citie , Towne , Burrough , Hamlet , or place of note may readily be found , and whereby safely may be affirmed , that there is not any one Kingdome in the world so exactly described , as is this our Iland of Great Britaine , that only excepted which Josua conquered , and into Tribes divided . The Armes of such Princes and Nobles as have had the dignities , and borne the titles either of Dukes , Marquesses , or Earles , in the same Province , Citie , or place : and finally , the Battels fought either by the forrain or home-bred Conspirators , I have also added . Where we from under our own Vines , without feare , may behold the prints of endured miseries , sealed with the bloud of those times , to the losse of their lives and liberties ; our selves ( as in the raigne of Augustus , when the Temple of Ianus stood shut , and Mars his hands bound with chains of Brasse , as Virgil speaketh ) heare not the sound of the Alarum in our Gates , nor the clattering of Armour in our Campes , whose Swords are now turned into Mattockes , and Speares into Sithes , as Micah sheweth the peaceable times under Christ. In shewing these things , I have chiefly sought to give satisfaction to all , without offenoe to any , whereof if I faile , yet this to my selfe have I gained , that whilst I set all my thoughts and cogitations hereon , I had small regard to the bewitching pleasures and vaine enticements of this wicked world , neither had I leisure to be led by an ambitious desire to raise my station above the levell of my equals , or with base flattery to follow , and fill the eares of Fortunes Deputies , the raines of these intents checking the bit of affection into another way . And applying my selfe wholly to the frame of this most goodly Building , have as a poore Labourer carried the carved stones and polished Pillars from the hands of the more skilfull Architects , to be set in their fit places , which here I offer upon the Altar of Love to my Countrey , and wherein I have held it no sacriledge to rob others of their richest Iewels to adorn this my most beautifull Nurse , whose VVombe was my conception , whose Breasts were my nourishment , whose Bosome my Cradle , and Lad ( I doubt not ) shall be my bed of sweet rest , till CHRIST by his Trumpet raise me thence . 1 Chron. 28.8 . Therefore in the sight of the Congregation of the Lord ▪ and in the audience of our God , let us keepe and ●●cke for all the Commandements of the Lord our God , that we may possesse this good Land , and leave it for an inheritance for our Children after us for ever . Thine in Christ Iesus , JOHN SPEED . Al'honneur de l'autheur et son oeuure . LE trespuissant ouurier de la ronde machine , Pour son chief d' oeuure teint cest ' Isle separee : Et quoy que des plus grands thresors du ciel parce Son lustre assuiettit an temps et a ruine . D'un Dimidieu euurier d'une fabriq ' divine , Par la plume se void la bresche reparee , La ruine dressee , et la force assuree Contre la mort , que tant de beautes assassine , La police , le nom , l'invincible courage , Les Princes , Provinces , et tout qu' est d'avantage Du Breton belliqueux , luisent en son Histoire : Pour vn ouur age donq ' atouts tant admirable , Faisons , fasons , Brettons , d'un burin memorable , Graver le nom de Speed au temple de Memoire . T. BARKHAM . HEN. SPELMAN Mil. Lectori . NON leve , nec temere laudo tibi seria , Lector , Gratum opus & dignum consule ( crede ) vides . Noster hic Ortelius , sic nostrum hunc exhibet orbem , Vt res emineat , tota Britanna , simul . Ora , sinus , fluvii , portus , nemus , oppida , tractus , Regna , duces , populi foedera , bella , quies . Rich. Saint George Norrey King at Armes , in favour of this Worke. IT is farre from my purpose , to commend without cause , or by over-curious flourish to make a shadow seeme a substance , this worke needs no such deceptio visus ; The Subject is of it selfe Honourable , and able to stand without such weake props . The glory of our Nation being almost buryed in the pit of Obscuritie , is herein revived ; the continuance of Christianitie traced from age to age , the antiquitie and situation of our Townes , Castles , Religious Houses , Nobilitie , and all other memorable matters so lively portrayed , as in a Glasse we may rightly discerne the true shape , qualitie and condition of each of them in particular . This Worke therefore being now brought upon the publique Stage and view of the world , may in my poore censure give satisfaction to the learned Reader , and abide the touch of the malignant Opposer ; which being affected without hope of gaine or vaine ostentation , with so great care both of body and minde , is the more precious ; for , difficilia quae pulchra . Wherein Gods power is made known in this his weake but worthy Instrument : and the glory of Great Britaine made more famous to the world , as well in the Geographicall dimension of the Lands situation , as in the Historicall relations of her most famous Monarchs and glorious Actions ; no Kingdome hitherto so particularly described , nor Nations History by true record more faithfully penned : In honour whereof I sacrifice these Lines of my love upon the Altar of this Worke , and celebrate the Authors remembrance to future posterities . To my Friend Mr. IOHN SPEED , being very sicke . GReat Love , and little skill may cause mee to missay But certainly this sicknesse cannot make thee dye : Though cruell Symptomes , and these thirteene yeers assay For thy deare Countrey , doth thy health and strength decay . Yet sith thy toylesome labour , and thy industry Is for thy Countries sake , her fame on high to raise : She shall thy Temples crowne with everlasting Bayes , And in despight of Death , shall cause thy memorie To live in endlesse fame with all posteritie . Now may she see her beautie , and her riches store , What erst she was in ev'ry age , and change of State , And present greatnesse such as never heretofore , Since this great Monarch rul'd from North to Southern shore . And sith thy life is to thy Country dedicate , Let none presume thy Lawrell from thy head to reave For this her Story , which thy skilfull hand did weave : But live and weare it [ Speed ] untill the worlds great fate Shall bring all earthly things unto their utmost date . ALEX : GILL . In exactissimi huius Operis Authorem , Eulogium THO : BARKHAM . VIncta diu , rumpat despecta silentia , lingua , Culmina ut immensi memorem superata laboris Speidi tui : insueta jactor licèt ( optime ) cura , Quam tibi pro merito possim circundare palmam . Qui coeant populi , quaecunque sub orbe Britanno , Digna refers , uno aspectu script ó que , loc ó que , Sanguineas pugnas , atavorum bella , palaestras ; Nobilitans que aptâ patriam compagine rerum , Ad nostra exactum deducis tempora filum . Ergo erit haec magni merces non parva laboris , Egregium pariunt haec quòd monumenta decorem Ipsa sibi , ventura quòd haec mirabitur aetas , Totá que perpetuas debet Respublica grates . To the right well deserving Mr. IOHN SPEED , the Author of this Worke. IN this Book , ( Bibliothec , or Book of Books ; TIMES Library , PLACES Geographie ) All that is shewne for which the curious looks Touching this LAND , for Place , or History . In which , thou hast with pain , with care , and skill , Survey'd this LAND more neere then ere it was : For which , thy Wit thou strain'd hast to thy Will , That wils as much as Wit can bring to passe . The faire Hibernia , that Westerne Isle likewise , In every Member , Artire , Nerve , and Veine , Thou by thine Art dost so Anatomize , That all may see each parcell without * paine . Here Time , and Place , like friendly foes doe warre Which should shew most desir'd Particulars ; But Place gives place , sith Time is greater farre ; Yet Place , well rang'd , gets glory by these warres . No helps thou hadst , nor no assisting ayde In this attempt : but , Vertue gave thee might That well to doe , that well thou hast assaide , Which shall ( in grace ) out-live immortall spight . Hadst thou among the Romanes liv'd when they Did signiorize the World ; A Signiory Should then ( at least ) have guerdon'd thy Survey , Thy Maps , Descriptions , and thine History . But thou doest live when all Arts save the * eight ( Illiberall-liberall Art ) a begging goe ; That Art alone , with her true friend Deceipt , Gets all ; then all seeks but that Art to know . But , by thy Art though nought be purchased But emptie Fame ( that feeds , but fattens not ) Yet shall it feed thy NAME till DEATH be dead ; While emptie noble Names away shall rot . The Leaves this Book contains , & Maps here grav'n , Are still as Feathers to thy Fames faire Wings , To fanne fresh Aire upon the face of Heaven ; And raise the same above all ending Things : That when Confusion wracks this double FRAME , A Spirit shall move on CHAOS called thy Fame . The unfained lover of thy Person , JO : DAVIES . OF Him that this Great Taske hath done ( Great for the goodnesse many wayes ) Fame doth affirme he well hath wonne Arts highest Prize , and Palme of praise . In Climes , and Realmes remote throughout , His merits merit rare report : For none the like hath brought about ; Or , equaliz'd in any sort . The Shafts of his endevours , shot At Gaine , and Pleasure ; both have hit : His Observations have begot On private , publike Benefit . Chiefe Cities , Townes , and Countries many ( Which this vast Globe of Earth affords ) I oft have view'd ; but never any So well describ'd by Maps and Words . His travel'd Body , toyled Minde , ( To bring this Worke at last to rest In Period which his Plot design'd ) Should now rest famous with the best . The Romanes such Deserts did Crowne With Lawrell , which their Soyle brought forth ; But I , of Branches farre-off growne , Bring Wreathes to this Worke , more of worth ▪ The Palme , ( wherein rare vertues be , And for a Conquest , crownes a King ) The Olive , and the Cader Tree , Faire , fat , and fruitfull ; these I bring . In Egypt , Syria , and the Land Of Promise ( nam'd by holiest High ) I could not see , nor understand , For vertue , any Trees come nigh ; As these ( worth praise ) are profitable , They being of the worthiest kindes : So in best sense , hath Speed been able , To please ( worth praise ) the worthiest Mindes . In short , to give him then his due , This Art his better never knew . IO : SANDERSON . THE CONTENTS OF THE CHOROGRAPHICALL PART . THE FIRST BOOKE . DESCRIBING THE WHOLE KINGDOME in generall , with those Shires , Cities , and Shire-townes , which are properly accounted for ENGLISH . Countries and Counties . Fol. BArk-shire . 27 Bedford-shire . 41 Buckingham-shire . 43 Cambridge-shire . 37 Chesse-shire . 73 Cornewall . 21 Cumberland . 87 Darby-shire . 67 Devon-shire . 19 Dorcester-shire . 17 Durham-Bishopricke . 83 Englands Generall . 5 Essex . 31 Glocester-shire . 47 Great Britaine . 1 Hant-shire . 13 Hertford-shire . 39 Hereford-shire . 49 Huntington-shire . 57 Ilands . 93 Kent . 7 Lanca-shire . 75 Leicester . 61 Lincolne-shire . 63 Man Island . 91 Middlesex . 29 Mounmouth-shire . 107 Northampton-shire . 55 Norfolke . 35 North and East Ridings ▪ 81 Northumberland . 89 Nottingham-shire . 65 Oxford-shire . 45 Rutland-shire . 59 Saxons Heptarchie . 3 Shrop-shire . 71 Somerset-shire . 23 Stafford-shire ▪ 69 Suffolke . 33 Surrey . 11 Sussex . 9 Warwicke-shire . 53 Westmorland ▪ 85 West-Riding . 79 Wight Island . 15 Wilt-shire . 25 Worcester-shire ▪ 51 Yorkeshire . 77 THE SECOND BOOK . Containing the Counties of VVales . Countries and Counties . Fol. ANglesey Iland . 125 Brecknock-shire . 109 Caermarden-shire . 103 Caernarvon-shire . 123 Cardigan-shire . 113 Denbigh-shire . 119 Flint-shire . 121 Glamorgan-shire . 105 Merioneth-shire . 117 Mountgomery-shire . 115 Penbroke-shire . 101 Radnor-shire . 111 Wales Generall . 99 THE THIRD BOOK . Scotlands Kingdome in one Generall . 131 THE FOVRTH BOOK . Containing the Kingdome of Ireland . Countries and Counties . Fol. IReland Generall . 137 Mounster . 139 Leinster . 141 Conaugh . 143 Vlster . 145 A Briefe Description of the Civill Warres , and Battailes fought in England , Wales , and Ireland . IN this platform here are contained ( Gentle Reader ) the severall Battailes fought by Sea and Land , at severall times , and in severall places of England and Ireland , and the parts adjoyning , within these five hundred yeares last past . Descriptions of pictures after the manner of fight , as the plot would give roome , I have placed , and in the margent by numbers marked , observed the time , yeare , and event of every Battaile . Which being undertaken in satisfaction of the honourable desire of certaine Martiall and Noble minded Gentlemen , professours of Armes , and followers of Fame ; desirous to see the passed proceedings of their owne professions : dealt liberally with me to draw the plot , and were most diligent themselves , in giving directions , to set downe the places , persons , and the issue of every Battaile fought either by Sea , or Land , in England , Wales , and Ireland . And being finished in a farre larger platforme ( with the liking of the motioners , and good acceptance of her that then was the mirrour of her sex , and the maiden Martialist of the then knowne world , the glorious and ever-living Queene ELIZABETH , to whose sacred censure it was commended and dedicated ) I intended there to have staid it from further sight or publication . Since indeed the silence of Englands civill warres , better befitted Englands subjects , they being the markes of her infamies , and staynes to be washed away rather with repentance , then any way revived by too often remembrance . But these defects I saw could not be so smothered , as to be quite forgot : therefore I thought fit at least to make up her honour , with our other proceedings in forraine parts ; and insinuate my penne into some little better applause by tracing the victories of the English , as farre as the Sunne spreadeth his beames , or the girdle of the earth doth any wise incircle it . Not to mention then the fictions of Monmouth , that makes our Authour another Caesar in his conquests , nor Polydors proofes for Ethelstans title unto Scotland , by the cut of his sword an ell deepe into a Marble stone , things rather Poeticall , then substantiall by truths testimonie ; In Syria the Long-shankes , for the recovery of the holy Crosse , made his sword drunke with bloud . And before him the Ceur-de-Lion upon the same intent , subdued Cyprus , forced Cursat the King thereof into fetters of silver and gold : assumed the Iland to himselfe , whose title he intended to have changed for that of Ierusalem : unto whom Guido the King thereof , with Geffrey de Lenizant his brother , and Raimund Prince of Antioch , with Bo●mound his sonne , sware fealtie to be true and loyall subjects unto King Richard. France felt the heavie hands of Edward , and Henry our English Kings : when the one of them at Poictiers tooke prisoners Iohn King of France , and Philip surnamed the hardy , his sonne . And the other at Azincourt in a bloody battaile tooke and slew foure thousand Princes , Nobles , Knights , and Esquiers , even all the flowre of France , as their owne Writers have declared . And at Paris the Crowne of France , was set upon Henry 6. his head , homage done unto him by the French ; that Kingdome made subject , and their Flower-de-Luces , quartered with our Lions of England . Scotland like wise , felt the fury of Henry 2. when their King William was taken prisoner in the field . And to omit the Bailiolls , that made themselves subjects to England : At Novils-Crosse , David King of Scotland , was taken in battaile by the English ( Queene Philip wife to King Edward the third , being present in field ) and both the Kings of France and Scotland , at one time retained prisoners in London , till their liberty was obtained by ransome . Nor was Spaine free from Englands power , when that Thunderbolt of warre ( our blacke Prince ) re-established Peter their King upon his Throne at Burgus : to say nothing of the ruines Spaine suffered at Cadez , by the English led by Essex , in revenge of their unvincible vincible Navy , in truth the seale of their truth-lesse cowardize unto this day . And not onely the Garter which King Richard the first tyed about the legs of his Souldiers , remaines still the Royall bound of Englands Combinators ; but the Round Table of sixe hundred foote circumference erected at Windsor by King Edward the third , with the allowance of an hundred pounds by weeke for the diet of his Martialists , may like wise witnesse . Where the Worthy admitted , by conference and continuall practise , got such experience in military affaires , that , that which was ●aid of the Gadites , might have beene said of them ; They were all valiant men of warre , apt for Battaile , and could handle speare and shield , their faces were the faces of Lions , and were like the Roes in the mountaines for swiftnesse . In whose imitation Philip de Valoys , the French King erected in Paris the like , though his Knights proved not in courage like unto Edwards . And from this Academy of Military professors , commenced such Masters of Military discipline , as Maximilian the Roman Emperour , held it such honour to be incorporated into their Societies , as himselfe became the King of ENGLANDS professed Souldier , wore the Crosse of Saint George ( the Royall Ensign of England ) and a Rose ( the Kings badge ) as his faithfull Souldier , receiving his pay dayly for himselfe and followers , according to their degrees and estates . Neither were the atchievements of Land services crowned with more plumes of Victories in the Helmets of the English , then were their Sea services , defensive , and offensive , both at home and abroad . Their Navie Royall rightly te●rmed the Lady of the Seas , and their Sea-Captaines farre out-stripping Vlysses in their Travailes and Descriptions : for twise in our time , hath the Sea opened her passage through the Straights of Magellan , for Drake in his Pellican , and Candish in his Desire , to passe into the South World , and to incirculate the Globe of the whole Earth , whereby themselves and Souldiers ( all English ) have in those great deepes , seen the wonderfull workes of the LORD . But upon this subject , I could willingly insist , were it not that the argument of this present Description intends rather to speake of the Domestick and Civill warres of England , then of the forraine and farre-fetched victories that have adorned , and attended the Trophies of the English. From the prosecution of the former , and promulgation of the latter , how unwillingly my Penne is drawne , the roughnesse of the style , and the slender performance of the whole , doth manifestly shew . They being for the most part civill Battailes fought betweene meere English-men , of one and the same Nation , wherein the parties victorers , besides the losse of their owne side , procured on the other , the fall and ruine of them that were all of his owne Countrey , many of them of his owne acquaintance and alliance , and most of them perhaps his owne friends in any other cause , then that in which he contended for . But from this generall argument , to proceed to some particulars , it shall not be amisse to make some division of them , according to their severall qualities of the severall quarrels in them which are found to be divers , and of three severall natures . Whereof the first , were the invasions attempted by forraine Princes , and enemies against the Kings and people of this Realme . The second , were meere Rebellions of Subjects against their annointed Princes . And the third , dissentious factions betwixt Princes of the bloud Royall : of these three , all these effusions of bloud have consisted . And to begin with the first battell in this plot , which was the first beginning of government of this state as it yet continueth . Such was the attempt of William Duke of Normandy against King Harold the sonne of Earle Goodwin , who prevailed so against him in fight at Battaile in Sussex ( a place so called by this event ) as the said Duke was afterward King of this Land , and brought the whole Nation under his obedience , as it hath beene continued to his posteritie ever since . Such was the arrivall of Lewes son and heire to Philip King of France , against Iohn King of England , who being carried by his owne ambition , accompanied with French Forces , and assisted by the rebellious Barons of this Realme , after variable fortune of fight in severall skirmishes , battels , and assaults , was forced in the end , without all honour , or hope to prevaile , to make a very shamefull retreate into his owne Countrey . Such was also the entry made by Iames the fourth King of Scots , against King Henry the eight , of famous memory , his brother in law , and sworne allie , at that time absent in the wars of France , who contrary to his oath and alliance formerly made , entred the North frontiers of England , with a mightie Armie , had the same discomfited and overthrowne , and was himselfe slain in the field by the English forces , under the leading of the Earle of Surrey , at that time Lieutenant generall for King Henry . And especially such was the late enterprise remaining fresh in memory , of Philip late King of Spaine , against our dread Soveraigne Lady now raigning , in the yeare of our Lord 1588. attempting by his invincible Navie as he thought , and so termed , under the conduct of the Duke of Medina Celi , which with great pride and crueltie extended against us , arrived on our coasts to Englands invasion and subversion , had yet neverthelesse here in the narrow Seas , the one part of his Fleete discomfited , taken , and drowned , and the other part forced to their great shame in poore estate to make a fearefull and miserable ●light about the coast of Ireland homeward , so that of 158. great ships furnished for war , came to their own coast of Spaine but few , and those so torne and beaten by the English Cannons , that it was thought they were unserviceable for ever , and eleven of their ensignes or banners of Idolatry , prepared for triumph and pride in Conquest , were contrariwise to their shame and dishonour shewed at Pauls-Crosse , and in other places of this Realme , to Gods glory , our joy , and their endlesse infamy . map of England and Ireland The INVASIONS OF ENGLAND And IRELAND With al their Ciuill Wars Since the Conquest . The second sort of quarrels in these warres , were meere rebellions of subjects against their annointed Princes and Governours : and of these some have beene private , and some generall . Of the first kind for private occasions , was that of Thomas Earle of Lancaster , against King Edward the second his cosin-germane , upon mislike of the Spencers , greatly favoured by the King , and as much envied of him , who having his forces defeated at Borrow-bridge , was there taken prisoner , and after beheaded at Pomfret . Of the same kind was that of Henry Lord Piercie , surnamed Hot-spurre , and Thomas Piercie Earle of Worcester his Vncle , against King Henry the fourth , at Shrewesburie ; where the said Lord Henry was slaine , and the other taken prisoner , and after beheaded in the same Towne . So was that of Michael Ioseph the Black-smith in Cornewall and his company , against King Henry the seventh , for a Subsidie granted in Parliament to the same King , who gathered a head of Rebellion so strong , that at Black-heath neare London , they abode battell against their Soveraigne , but were there taken , and afterward drawne , headed and quartered at Tiburne . Also such was that of Robert Ket the Tanner of Windham in Norfolk , against King Edward the sixt , pretended against inclosures and liberty to the weale publike , was at Norwich taken in the field , and afterward hanged on the top of the Castle of the same Towne . And lastly , so was that of Sir Thomas Wiat and the Kentish-men against Queene Mary for the bringing in of Philip of Spaine , they being cut off at S. Iames , and himselfe yeelded at the Court. Of the latter sort of Rebellions being generall , were those of the Barons against K. Iohn , and King Henry the third his sonne , in their severall Raignes . Against the father , in bringing in of forraine powers , and working a resignation of the Crown and Diadem , to the great blemish of their King and Kingdome . And against the sonne so prosecuted their attempts , that their warres to this day are called and knowne by the name of the Barons-warres , which had so lamentable consequence , as that after the overthrow and consumption of sundry most noble and ancient houses of England , and both parties wearied with warres : the conclusions of peace which ensued are reported in regard of the precedent murders to be written with bloud . The third sort of these quarrels in these Civill warres and dissentions , were factious dissentions between Princes themselves of the bloud Royall , ambitiously aspiring to the Crown of this Kingdome , and titles of Kings thereof : Of which kind there have beene two most notable knowne amongst us . The first fell betwixt Stephen of Bloyse , Earle of Bolloigne , wrongfully succeeding his uncle King Henry the first , in the Crown of England , on the one partie , and Maud the Empresse , Daughter and sole heire to the said King Henry , and Henry D. of Normandie ( his sonne and heyre , who afterward succeeded the same King Stephen ) on the other part , which was followed with such variable successe of fortune in many conflicts on both parts , that K. Stephen himselfe was taken prisoner , and laid in Irons , with extremitie used , and the Empresse to save her life dangerously adventured thorow the Scouts of the Enemy in the snow slenderly guarded , and before that was driven to such distresse , that faining to be dead , she was laid as a livelesse coarse in a Coffin , and so conveyed away in a Horse-litter . But the second and last of these two , being the greatest of all the rest , was that which happened betweene the House of Yorke , descended of Lio●ell of Andwerp , D. of Clarence , second sonne to K. Edward the third : and the House of Lancaster , issued of Iohn of Gaunt , the third sonne living of the same King ; The occasion of a civill warre that raged most cruelly for a long time together , but at that time most extreamely , when there raigned two Kings , of either Family ; one of Lancaster , Henry the sixt , another of Yorke , Edward the fourth : betweene whom with the favourers and followers , there were twelve severall Battailes fought in little more then twelve yeares space . In so much as one of our own Writers Edward Hall , the great Chronicler , saith that in these Civill warres betwixt these two Families it cost more English bloud , then twice had done the winning of France : and of forraine Writers Philip Comines , Lord of Argentine in France , reporteth that it consumed no lesse then fourescore Princes of the bloud Royall : and Paulus Iovius a Bishop of Novo Como in Italy , resembleth the state of these warres to the most tragicall story of the Citie Thebes . So let these few examples shewed in these 3. generall heads , suffice in this briefe Description , instead of many that might be brought ; for by these we may judge of the rest . Now the benefit that may be gathered by perusing the severall sorts of them , shall be to consider , in the first , the blessing of God poured upon us , in preserving our Countrey and Nation against the severall Invasions of forraine enemies , notwithstanding their severall and many attempts . In the second , the fall and ruine of rebellious Subjects taking Armes against their annointed Kings , Princes , and Governours . And in the third , the power of God and his heavie punishments in●licted upon us for our sinnes , in making the one partie the scourge or maule of the other , with revenging murder by murder , working the depopulation of our fruitfull Countrey , and ruinating of our Cities at home , with losse and revolting of the territories in subjection unto us by just title of inheritance and conquest abroad . And in all of them representing unto us the lamentable Stories of the times fore-passed and gone , to compare with the same , the peaceable estate of the happy times possest and present , wherein Martiall men have leisure to winne honour abroad , the rest to live in quiet and wealth at home , all factions forgotten , and all rebellions surceased and repressed : and for these blessings to yeeld due thankes unto Almightie God , that hath provided for us such a Prince , and so directed her in her governement over us , that with ease and pleasure we may both behold the one , and enjoy the other , esoecially in these dangerous dayes of these latter times , when all hostility and outrage of civill warres , broiles , and dissentions , have seemed by the power of the Almightie hand of God stretched forth in our defence , to have beene transported out of this Iland over the Seas into other Countries , in so much as notwithstanding this calme securitie of our owne at home , our neighbour-Nations of all sides abroad , either through the licentious tyrannie of ungodly Princes , that have laid persecution upon their Subjects , or the mutinous dissentions of disobedient people , that have raised Rebellions against their Princes , have beene so turmoyled with garboyle of warres , as they have been pitifully enforced to pray and seeke ayd at her Majesties hands , and to submit themselves under the protection of her , whom with us they acknowledge to be the very De●endresse of the Christian Faith and Peace , and the most naturall Nurse to the true Church of God. By all loyall dutie therefore , we are indebted to yeeld obedience unto her Majesty , and to her Majesties most religious government , by which we have received such peace as the world doth admire , and following ages to her eternall fame shall record : and with faithfull hearts pray , that peace may ever dwell within her wals , and prosperity abide within her Pallaces , and that the abundance of her peace may continue as long as the Sunne and Moone endureth . Cease civill broyles , O Englands subject cease , With streames of bloud staine this faire soyle no more : As God , so Kings must be obey'd with peace , Yeeld thou thy due , to them their right restore : Wash with repentance , these thine acts before : Give loyall pledge , with might resist her wrongs , That raignes thy Prince , to her thy Sword belongs . ( 1 ) AT Battaile the 14 ▪ of October being Saturday , the yeare of Christ 1066. William Duke of Normandy obtained this Land by Conquest , and slew Harald King thereof , with Gerth and Leofwin his brethren , with 67974. Englishmen . ( 2 ) Yorke burnt and 3000. of the Citizens and Normans slaine by the Danes , under the leading of Harald and Canutus , sonnes to Sweno King of Denmarke , for the recovery of the Crowne to the Danish bloud , 1069. W. C. reg . 3. ( 3 ) Malcolme King of Scots invaded Tefidale , Holdernesse , and Cumberland , charging his Souldiers to spare neither sex nor age of the English Nation , A● . 1071. but the yeare following was himselfe forced to do homage to W. C. reg . 5. ( 4 ) Elie surprised and wonne by the Conquerour , the last part of this Land that stood out against the Normans , under Hereward their most valiant Captain . An. reg . Conq. 7. 1073. ( 5 ) The first seating of the English in Wales , through the dissention of their Princes , who being called for partakers , tooke from the Welch that which they could not againe recover . 1090. reg . 1. Ruf. 3. ( 6 ) At Al●wick Malcolme King of Scots invading Northumberland , with his sonne Edward was slaine , and all his boast discomfited by Rob. Mowbray Earle of North. reg . Ruf. 5. 1029. ( 7 ) Northampton endammaged , and the Countrey adjoyning spoyled through the civil dissention of the three brethren , William , Robert , and Henry , sons to the Conq. H. 1. An. 7. 1106. ( 8 ) Powes land invaded by King Henry 1. and resisted so by the Welch , being strooke with an arrow on the breast that it had almost cost him his life . An. reg . 21. 1121. ( 9 ) At Cardigan a sore battell was fought in Octob. 1136. whereinmany thousands were slaine , and men by women led away captives . reg . Steph. 1. ( 10 ) Bristow taken by Robert Earle of Glocester in the defence of his sister Maud the Empresse , against K. Stephen . reg . 3. 1138. ( 11 ) David K. of Scots invading Northumberland made his spoyle as far as Alverton in Yorkeshire , where being encountred by Thurstan Archbishop of Yorke , William Earle of Albemarle , Wa. Espeke , Wil. Peverel , and the two Lacies , Aug. 22. was with his sonne Henry put to flight , and ten thousand Scots slain , 1139. Sep. 4. ( 12 ) Nottingham taken and burned by Rob. bastard Earle of Glocester , in defence of his sister Maud the Empresse . 1140. Steph. 5. ( 13 ) At Lincolne by Ranulph Earle of Chester , and Rob. Earle of Glocester , K. Stephen was taken prisoner , had to Glocest. thence to Bristow , and there laid in irons . Feb. 2. 1141. reg . 5. ( 14 ) From Winchester Maud the Empresse , her Armies both of Scots and English dispersed & overcome , fled to Lutegarshall , to Vies , and thence to Glocester , laid in a horse-litter , fained to be her dead corps , and her brother Rob. taken prisoner . reg . Step. 6. 1141. ( 15 ) From Oxford Maud the Empresse with five persons ●●e , apparelled in white sheets , to deceive the Kings Scout-watch , fled through the snow , and so escaped that besieged Town . An. 1142. Steph. 7. ( 16 ) At Edmundsbury Robert Earle of Leicester , with Petronill his Countesse were taken prisoners , and 20000. taken and slain , by Richard Lucie L. chiefe Iustice , and Humfrey d● Bohun high Constable of England . Octob. 17. 1173. H. 2.19 . ( 17 ) At Aluwick . W. King of Scots was taken prisoner by Rob. Scotvile , Randulph Mandevile , Barnard Bailiol , & W. Vescy Capt : his army containing 80000. fighting men , Iuly 7. 1174. he was sent to London , and by K. Henry carried into Normandy , imprisoned at Roan , and ransomed at 4000. pounds . ( 18 ) At Lincolne all the English Barons with 400. Knights that took part with Lewes , were overthrown and taken , May 19. 1217. and first of H. 3. ( 19 ) At Montgomery Llewellen Prince of Wales through the practise of a traiterous Monk , overcame and slew many of the Kings power . An. 1231. reg . H. 3.15 . ( 20 ) At Chesterfield a conflict was done , wherein Robert Ferrers Earle of Darby was taken , and many slain , An. H. 3.41 . 1256. ( 21 ) Northampton surprised by King Henry 3. ag●inst his rebellious Barons . April 4 ▪ 1263. reg . 48. ( 22 ) At Lewes , May 12. 1264. King H. 3. by his unfaithfull Barons , with his brother Richard King of Alman , and his son Prince Edward were taken prisoners . There were slain about 4500. by Simon Montfort & Gil. Clare Earl● of Leicest . & Glocest. reg . H. 3.48 . ( 23 ) At Evesham , the 5. of Aug. 1265. a sore battell was fought wherein K. H. 3. prevailed against the Barons through their owne dissentions , and most of them slain , as Sim. Monfort Earl of Leicest . and 17. Lords and Knights besides ; Humfrey Bohun , and with him tenne men of great account taken prisoners , and slaughter of all the Welch-men . An. reg . 48. ( 24 ) Berwick won , and 25000. Scottish slain . An. E. 1.24 . 1296. ( 25 ) At Bluith Leolin the last Prince that bare rule of the Britains , coming from Snowdown , by Rog. Strangb . was slaine , and his head crowned with Ivie set upon the Tower of London , Edward 1.10 . An. 1282. ( 26 ) At Mitton 3000. Yorkeshire men were slaine encountring with the Scots invading their Countrey , called the white battell , for that it consisted most of Clergie●men . An. 1318. reg . E. 2.12 . ( 27 ) Vnto Preston in Andernesse Rob. Bruse King of Scots invaded England , burned the same Towne , and haried the Countrey before him , reg . E. 2.14 . An. 1322. ( 28 ) Borrowbridge battell fought betwixt E. 2. and his Barons , Mar. 16. 1322. under the leading of Andr. Hercley Earle of Carlile , where Tho. Earle of Lanc. was taken and with him 65. Lords and Knights , Hum. Bohun being thrust into the fundament through a bridge was slaine . An. reg . 14. ( 29 ) At Blackamore the Scots following the English army , took prisoners the Earle of Richm. and the French Ambassadour , the King himselfe hardly escaped ▪ An. reg . E. 2.15 . 1323. ( 30 ) At Glamorgan K. E. 2. by his unnaturall and cruell wife , was taken November 16. 1326. and conveyed to Monmouth , to Ledbery , to Kenilworth , to Corffe , to Bristow , thence to Barkley Castle , and there lamentably murdered , Septem . 21. ( 31 ) At Stannop park the Scots intrenched themselves , and against the English made rimes of disgrace as followeth . An. Edw. 3.2 . 1328. Long beards heartlesse , painted hoods witlesse . Gay coates gracelesse , make England thriftlesse . ( 32 ) At Halidow-hill a great battell fought against the Scots , wherein were slaine 8. Earles , 1300. horse-men , and common souldiers , 35000. and their chiefe Champion Turnbul overcome by Rob. Venall Knight of Norfolke . An. E. 3.7 . 1333. ( 33 ) Southampton sackt by Genoway Pirates under the leading of the King of Sicils son , yet the Townes-men sl●w 300. of them and their Captaine brained by a husbandmans club . An. 1338. E. 3.12 . ( 34 ) Carleil , Penreth , and many Towns else burnt by the Scots , under Wil. Dowglas , yet lastly are overcome by the manhood and policy of Tho. Lucy , Rob. Ogle , & the B. of that sea . An. reg . E. 3.19 . 1345. ( 35 ) At Nevils Crosse David Bruse King of Scots invading England with 60000. souldiers , was taken prisoner by Io. Copland Esquire , and conveyed to London with many of his Nobility , besides many noble men slain in the field under the leading of Wil. Yong. Archb. of Yorke , vicegerent , the Lords Mowbray , Percie and Nevill , Q. Phillip in her owne person present , encouraging her people to fight . reg . E. 3.20 . 1346. ( 36 ) The insurrection of the commons under the leading of Iack Straw , Wat. Tiler , and others , after many rebellious acts done in Kent and Essex , from Black-●eath , Mile-end , and Smith-field , were dispersed , where the said Wat. Tiler was worthily slain by Wil. Walworth Maior of Lond. on Saturday , Iun. 15. reg . Rich. 2.4 . An. 1381. ( 37 ) At North-Walsham the rebellious commons by the instigation of Io. Wraw , who had gathered 50000. in Suffolke , and under the leading of Iohn Litisar of Norwich Dyer , calling himselfe King of the Commons , were by Henry Spencer Bishop of that City overcome , and their rusticall King drawn , hanged , and beheaded , who had by violence carried with him the Lord Seales , the Lord Morley , Stephen Hales , and Robert Sale Knights , to serve at his Table , and take his assayes . Rich. 2.4 . 1381. ( 38 ) Neare Hatfield the rebellious commons of Essex were overcome , and 500. of them slaine by Thomas Woodstock Duke of Glocest. An. 1382. Ric. 2.5 . ( 39 ) At Radcot-Bridge , Tho. Duke of Glocester , the Earls of Arundel , Warwick , Darby , and Nottingham , encountring with Robert Vere Duke of Ireland , maintained by King Rich. 2. against them , with 5000. men ▪ slew Sir Tho. Molineux Constable of Chester , and put the said D. to such strait , that in swimming Thames ●e had almost lost his life . 1387. r. Rich. 2.11 . ( 40 ) At Otterborne , under the leading of Wil. Dowglas , 1100. English men were slaine , and 30000. put to flight , Lord Henry and Ralph Percies sonnes to the Earle of Northumberland , were taken prisoners , notwithstanding the said L. Hen. had manfully slain that valiant Captaine Wil. Dowglas at the first encounter , An. 1388. Rich. 2.12 . ( 41 ) At Flint castle K. Ric. 2. was by the falsenesse of Henry Percie Earl of Northumb. delivered into the hands of Henry D. of Lancaster , and thence conveyed as prisoner to London , committed to the Tower , and shortly deposed : thence sent to Loeds castle in Kent : lastly , to Pomfreit , and there murdered , Feb. 13. 1430. ( * ) At Circester the conspirators against K. Henry 4. were discomfited the Dukes of Exc●ster and Surrey , the Earles of Salisburie , Glocester and Huntington , Sr. Thomas Blunt and Barnard Brocas knights , were there taken , and in sundry places beheaded , 1400. Ian. 15. reg . 2. ( 42 ) At Hallidowne hill againe another great and bloudy battell was fought Sep. 14. against the Scots , by K. H. 4. wherin the said Scots were beaten down and slain , and besides the losse of many thousand common Souldiers , fourescore Earls , Lords and Knights of account were also then slain . An. 1402. reg . 3. ( 43 ) At Pelale in Wales , 110. Englishmen were slain by Owne Glendoure , and Edmund Mortimer Earl of March taken prisoner , reg . H. 43. 1402. ( 44 ) At Shrewsbury a bloudy battell was fought against K. Henry 4. by the Percies , Henry and Thomas , wherein Henry L. Percie surnamed Hotspur , was slaine in the place called Old field , and Lord Thomas Earle of Worcester taken and beheaded : there was slaine on both sides 6600. An. 1403. ( 45 ) The French coming to aide Owen Glendoure besieged Carmarden and spoiled it . An. 1405. reg . H. 4.6 . ( 46 ) At Bramham●moore , Henry Percie Earle of Northumberland , with Thomas L. Bordolfe , and many ●●e , in taking armes against K. Henry 4. were slain by Thomas Rockley Sheriffe of York shire , 1408. reg . 9. ( 47 ) On Black-heath twice Iack Cade ( naming himselfe Iohn Mortimer , captain of the Kentish rebels ) camped against King H. 6. reg . 28. An. 1450. ( 48 ) At Sennock the Kings power was overcome by Iack Cade , and the two Staffords , brethren , slain by those rebels : but from Southwarke they were di●●ers●d , and Cade slaine lurking in a garden , by Alexander Eden , G●●● 〈◊〉 of Kent . 1450. ( 49 ) At D●●●forth upon Bro●s - 〈◊〉 , Richard Duke of Yorke incomped himselfe with an army of 10000. men , against King Henry 6. reg . 30. An. 1452. ( 50 ) Saint Albons first Battell fought May 23. against King Hen. 6. by Richard Duke of Yorke , wherein on the Kings side were slaine Edmund Duke of Sommerset , Henry Earle of Northumberland . Humfrey Earle of Stafford , Iohn L. Clifford , with many Knights of valour , and 5000. men on their parties sides : the King himselfe was wounded with an arrow , and but onely 600. of the Dukes men slaine . An. 1445. reg . 33. ( 51 ) Blore-heath field fought on September 23. by Richard Earle of Salisbury against K. Henry 6. the Lord Audley being Generall for the King : where the said Lord was slaine , with many Knights of Cheshire on his part , and with them 2400. persons lost their lives . An. 1459. reg . 38. ( 52 ) At Northampton the Earles of March and Warwick fought against K. Henry 6. in the quarrel of Richard Duke of York , Wherein the King himselfe was taken and conveyed to London , Humfrey Duke of Buckingham , Iohn Talbot Earle of Shrewesburie , the Lords Beamont and Egremont were there slain . 1459. Iune 10. reg . 38. ( 53 ) Wakefield Battell fought December 10. 1461. by Queen Margaret , in defence of King Henry 6. her husbands title , wherein the said Duke was slaine with young Edmund Earle of Rutland his sonne , the two bastards Mortimers Knights , and 220● . more : there Thomas Nevill Earle of Salisbury was taken prisoner , and after beheaded at Pomfreit . An. reg . 39. ( 54 ) At Mortimers crosse Edward Earle of March , in revenge of the death of Richard Duke of Yorke his Father , obtained a great victory againts the Earles of Pembroks and Wiltshire in the quarell of Q. Margaret , and there flew 3800. Englishmen , Feb. 2. being the day of Maries Purification in this battel Owen Teuther was taken and beheaded . An. 1461. reg . H. 6.39 . ( 55 ) Saint Alb●●s last battell fought by Queen Margaret against the Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk● , the Earles of Warwick and Arundel , that kept by force K. Henry her husband , with whom by constraine be held and fought , and lost the field : there were slaine of Enlishmen 1916. persons . Feb. 17. being Shreve-tuesday . 1416. ( 56 ) Towton-field a most deadly and mortall Battell fought on Palme-sunday ; March 29. wherein were slain of Englishmen 35091. or as other have . 36776. persons , amōgst whom these Nobles died , Earls : Northumberland , Shrewesbury , and Devonshire . Lords : Clifford , Beamont , Nevill , Willoughby , Wels , Ro●s , Seales , Grey , Dacres , Fitz-bugh , Mollens , Bechingam . Knights : the two Bastards of Excester , Percie , Heyron , Clifton , Hayms , two Crakenthorps , two Throlopes , Haril , Ormond , Mollin , Pigot , Norbohew , and Burton , with many more Knights , and others not named , K. H. 6. with succh as escaped fled into Scotland , leaving E. 4. victor . 1461. ( 57 ) Hexam battell fought May 15. against King Henry 6. under the conduct of Iohn Nevill , L. Mountacute ▪ wherein Henry Duke of Somerset , with the L. Rooes , Mollens , and Hungerford were taken . K. Henry flying into Lancashire , remained there in wants , and secret a years and more , and whence by deceit he was taken and convaied to the Tower of London . 1464. reg . E. 4.4 . ( 58 ) Edgcoot-field fought upon Da●es-more , Iuly 26. by the Northren Lords , their Captaines being Sir Iohn Coniers , and Robbin of Ridsdale , against K. E. 4. under the leading of Wil. Herbert Earle of Pembrooke , who together with his brother Ric. was taken , as also Ric. Woodvile , L. Rivers , brother to the Q. with Iohn his sonne , and all foure beheaded , 5000. of their boast being slaine , with most of the Wolch-men . 1469. reg . E. 4.9 . ( * ) At Wolney King Edward 4. gathering his boast to recover his losse , was taken prisoner by his brother George , Duke of Clarence , and Ric. the stout Earle of Warwick , and convayed to Middleham Castle in York-shire , whence shortly be escaped to London . 1469. ( ** ) At Stamford the Lincoln-shire-men , under the conduct of Sir Rob. Willes Knight , instigated by Ric. Earle of Warwick against King Edw. 4. were overcome , and 1100. of them slain , the rest in flight so cast away their furniture , that to this day the battell is called Losecote-field , 1470. Edward 4.10 . ( 59 ) Barnes-field fought April 14. being Easter-day , by the Earls of Warwicke , Oxford , and Marques Mountacute , against K. Ed. 4. who led Henry 6. prisoner to the field wish him : In this battell were slain , Ric. Earle of Warwicke , and Marques Mountocute his brother . On K. Edwards part were slaine the Lord Cromwell , Say , and Mountjoy : the slaughter in all amounted to 10000. saith Hall. 1471. Edw. 4.11 . ( 60 ) At Towkefoury King Ed. 4. obtained the diadem in subduing H. 6. under the leading of Prince E. who was there slaine and Q Margaret taken prisoner : there died likewise Tho. Courtney . E. of Devonshire , Ioh. Sommerset , Marq. Dorset , and the Lord Wenlake : of Knights , Hamden , Whitting , Vans , Harvy , Deluys , Filding : Leukenor , Lirmouth , Vrman , Seamer , Roos and Henry : Edm. D. of Sommerset was there taken , and beheaded with Iohn Bough , Lord Prior of S. Iohns , May 4. 1471. E. 4.11 . ( 61 ) Bosworth-field fought upon Redmore . Aug. 22 1458. and 3. of Ric. 3. where himselfe was slain , with Iohn , D. of Norfolke , Wa. L. Ferres , Richard Ratcliffe and Rob. Brakenbury Knights , and 4000. more of his company : on the Earle of Richmonds part only 10. persons , the chiefe where of was , Wil. Brandon Knight , his Standard-bearer . Earle Henry was there crowned in the field , and the union of Lancaster with Yorke effected , whose civill dissentions had cost more English bloud , then twice had done the winning of France . ( 62 ) Stoke-field Iun. 16. 1487. was fought to arrest Lambert a counterfeit Warwick against King Henry 7. where 4000. with the naked Irish were slain , and with them died De la Pole Earle of Lincolne , Francis L. Lovel , Tho. Gerardine , Chancellour of Ireland , Martin Swart , and Sir Tho. Broughton . Knights generall against the King. Lambert was there taken and made a turn-spit . Hen. 7.2 . ( 63 ) At Cockeledge ●●r Yorke , the Commons rose and slew Henry Earle of Northumberland , for a tax collected by him , granted in Parliament : their Captain named Iohn a Cumber was hanged at Yorke . 1489. H. 7.4 . ( 64 ) Excest . besieged by Perkin Werbeck a counterfeit , naming himselfe Ric. Duke of York , before murdered in the Tower of London after he had in dammaged the North and North●●berl . was from this City expulsed to Bewdley Sanctuary , and lastly executed as Tiburn . 1497. reg . H. 7.13 . ( 65 ) This same City was again besieged by the rebels of Devon-shire a●d Cornwall the 3. of E. 6. under the leading of Hum. Arundel , Holmes , Winslow , and Bury but was rescued by Iohn L. Russel , with the Lord Grey , and 4000. of them slain . 1549. ( 66 ) On Black-heath again was fought a sore battell by Thomas Fla●●ock , gent. Michael Ioseph Blackesmith , and Iam. Twichet .. L. Andley , with the Cornish rebels , where 2000. of them were slaine by Giles L. Daubeney generall for the King , and 1500. taken prisoners , Iune 22. 1497. H. 7. ( 67 ) Flodden-field the 9. of September , and 5. of King Henry 8. was fought against the Scots , by L. Tho. Howard Earl of Surrey , lieutenant generall for the King , where Iames 4. King of Scots with 3. Bishops , 2. Lord Abbots , 12. Earles , 17. Lords , and 8000. souldiers were slaine , and the dead body of K. Iames wrapped in Lo●d● , was brought to shine in Surrey , and there cast into a corner , not long since remaining and seen . ( 68 ) At Solommosse 15000. Scots under the leading of the L. Maxwell by Thou bastard Dacres , and Iack Musgrave , were valiantly vanquished , and 21. of their Nobilitie ( whereof eight were Earles ) brought as prisoners to London , and 200. mere of great account , besides 800. common souldiers slaine and taken , for very griefe whereof K. Iames fell sick , and shortly after died . 1542. H. 8.32 . ( 69 ) Muscleborrow-field fought September 10. 1546 , by Edward D. of Sommerset L. Protector , and Iohn Dudley Earle of Warw. against the Scots , where 14000. were slaine , 1500. taken prisoners , onely 60. English then slaine . E. 6.1 . ( 70 ) At Norwich in a commotion led by Rob. Ket Tanner of Wind 〈◊〉 , Wil. Lord Marquesse of Northampton was put to flight , and the Lord Sheffield slain , the Citie fired , and many outrages done , 1549. E. 6.3 . ( 71 ) At Mount Surrey the Rebels , with their leader Rob. Ket , were by Iohn Dunley E. of Warwick overcome , and forced to yeeld , 5000. of them being slain , and Ket taken and hanged on the Castle of Norwich , or as some have , upon the Oke of reformation , Aug. 27. 1549. E. 6.3 . ( 72 ) Sir Tho. Wist with his company of Kentishmen driven to march from Southworke to Kingstone , and thence to S. Iames , yeelded himselfe at Temple-bar , with the losse onely of 40. persons on both parts , Feb. 7. 1554. Mary 1. ( 73 ) At Tadcaster Thomas Piercie Earle of Northumberland , and Charles Nevil E. of Westmerland in thier commotions tooke 200. footmen repairing toward York for the defence of the City against those rebels , 1596. Eliz. 12. ( 74 ) Durha●● taken by the rebels of the North , under the leading of Piercy and Nevil Earles , which had gathered 7000. and surprised Barnards Castle , were by the Earle of Sussex , Lieutenant generall for the Queens forced into Scotland , and many of their Associates worthily put to death . 1569. And lastly ( which God grant may be the last ) Thomas late Earle of Northumberland , was beheaded in Yorke . Aug. 20. 1572. Eliz. 14. THE BRITISH ILANDS PROPOSED IN ONE VIEVV IN THE ENGLISH MAP : WITH A GENERALL DESCRIPTION OF GREAT BRITAINE UNDER THE ROMANES . CHAPTER 1. THE State of every Kingdome well managed by prudent Government , seemes to me to represent a humane Body , guided by the soveraignty of the reasonable Soule : the Countrey and Land it selfe representing the one , the Actions and State affaires the other . Sith therefore the excellencies of the whole are but unperfectly laid open , where either of these parts is defective , our intendment is to take a view as well of the outward body and Lineaments of the now-flourishing British Monarchy ( the Ilands ) Kingdomes and Provinces thereof in actuall possession , ( for with others , no lesse justly claimed in the Continent , we meddle not ) which shall be the content of our first or Chorographicall Tome , containing the foure first Bookes of this our Theater : as also of its successive government and vitall actions of State , which shall be our second or Historicall Tome , containing the five last Bookes . And here first we will ( by example of the best Anatomists ) propose to the view the whole body & Monarchy intire ( * as farre as conveniently we could comprise it ) and after will dissect and lay open the particular Members , Veines and Ioynts ( I meane the Shires , Rivers , Cities and Townes ) with such things as shall occure most worthy our regard , and most behovefull for our use . ( 2 ) The Iland of Great Britaine ( which with her adjoyning Iles is here first presented ) containeth the Kingdomes of England and Scotland , and is of many accounted the greatest Island in the World , though * Iustus Lipsius gives that praise to Cuba in America , as the Orientall Navigators do unto Sumatra ( taken for Ptolomees Taprobana ) or to Madagascar , the Island of S. Laurence , both which are neere unto , or under the Equinoctiall Line ; In which we will not contend : as pleasing our selves with her other praises greater then her Greatnes ; yet with this honour also , that is was ( without question ) the greatest Island of the Romane World , and for any thing yet certainly knowne , of all the rest . Concerning whose Positure in respect of Heaven , * Lucretius ( the * first of the Latine Writers that names Britain ) seemeth to place it in the same Parallel with Pontus , where he saith : Nam quid Brittannum coelum differre putamus ? &c. What differs Britaines heaven from that of Nile ? Or Pontus welkin , from Gadz warmer Isle ? In which , by a certaine crosse comparison , he opposeth two likes against two unlikes , Britain & Pontius against Egypt and Gades . But to seek into profound Antiquity , rather then present practise , for matters , in which Vse makes perfectnesse , were to affect the giving light by shadowes , rather then by Sun-shine . ( 3 ) It is by experience found to lie included from the degree fifty , and thirty scruples of Latitude , and for Longitude extended from the 13. degree , & 20. minutes , unto the 22. and 50. minutes , according to the observation of Mercator . It hath Britaine , Normandy , and other parts of France upon the South , the Lower Germany , Denmarke , & Norway upon the East ; the Isles of Orkney and the Deucaledonian Sea , upon the North ; the Hebrides upon the West , and from it all other Ilands and Inlets , which do scatteredly inviron it , and shelter themselves ( as it were ) under the shadow of Great Albion ( another name of this famous Iland ) are also accounted Britannish , and are therefore here described altogether . ( 4 ) Britaine thus seated in the Ocean hath her prayses , not onely in the present tense , and use of her commodities , but also in those honorable Eulogies , which the * learnedst of Antiquaries hath collected out of the noblest Authors , that he scarce feemeth to have left any gleanings : neither wil we transplant them out of his flourishing Garden , but as necessity compels , sith nothing can be further or otherwise better said . ( 5 ) That Britaine therefore the Seas High Admirall , is famously known : and the Fortunate Island supposed by some , as Robert of Avesbury doth shew : whose ayre is more temperate ( saith Caesar ) then France ; whose Soile bringeth forth all graine in abundance , saith Tacitus ; whose Seas produce orient Pearle , saith Suetonius ; whose Fields are the seat of a Summer Queen , saith Orpheus ; her wildest parts free from wilde beasts , saith the ancient Panegyrick , and her chiefe Citie worthily named Augusta , as saith * Amianus : So as we may truly say with the royall Psalmist , Our lines are fallen in pleasant places , yea , we have a faire inheritance . Which whatsoever by the goodnesse of God , and industrie of man it is now , yet our English * Poet hath truely described unto us the first face thereof , thus : The Land which warlike Britaines now possesse , And therein have their mightie Empire raisde , In ancient times were salvage Wildernesse , Vnpeopled , unmanur'd , unprov'd , unpraisde . ( 6 ) And albeit the Ocean doth at this present thrust it selfe betweene Dover and Callis , dividing them with a deepe and vast entrenchment ; so that Britaine thereby is of a supposed * Penisle made an Iland : yet * divers have ●tifly held , that once it was joyned by an arme of land to the continent of Gallia . To which opinion Spencer farther alluding , thus closeth his Stanza : Ne was it Iland then , ne was it paisde Amid the Ocean waves , ne was is sought Of Merchants far , for profits therein praisde , But was all desolate , and of some thought By Sea to have bin from the Celtick Mainland brought Which as a matter meerly conjecturall ( because it is not plaine that there were no Ilands nor hils before Noahs floud ) I leave at large : Virgil surely ( of all Poets the most learned ) when describing the Shield which Vulcan forged ( in Virgils braine ) for Aeneas , he cals the Morini ( people about Call is ) * the outmost men , doth onely meane that they were Westward , the farthest Inhabitants upon the Continent , signifying withall that Britaine as being an Iland , lay out of the world : but yet not out of the knowledge of men , for the commodities thereof invited the famous Greeke Colonies of Merchants , which dwelt at Massilia in France , to venture hither , as hath been well * observed our of Strabo . map of Great Britain and Ireland THE KINGDOME OF GREAT BRITAINE AND IRELAND ( 7 ) And as Iulius Caesar was the first Romane which ever gave an attempt to Conquer it , so will we close its praises with a late * Epigram , concerning the outward face of the Isle , and the motive of Caesars coming . ALBIONIS vertex frondoso crine superbit , Arboreas frondes plurimus ales habet . Gramineam Montes & fundant pascua pubem ; Et carpunt , circum pascua , gramen oves : Sed LATII caruit potioribus Insuladonis , Victori potior Gloria ni LATIO . Albions high tops her woody locks farre shew , With quiers of chanting Birds these woods resounding , Her Downes and Meadowes clad in verdant hew , Meadows & Downs with flocks and heards abounding . * Latium had greater wealth , yet Caesar thought , To British Glory , Latiums , Wealth worth nought . ( 8 ) The division of Britaine concerning the government and territories thereof , at such time as Caesar here arrived , doth not sufficiently appeare , Caesar himselfe makes so sparing mention herein , that we have little cause to beleeve Florus , where he makes Livie say , that after Caesar had slain an huge multitude of Britaines , * he subdued the residue of the Isle , but rather with exquisite Horace , that he did not at all touch them , as the word * intactus doth in him purport . ( 9 ) Kings there were , and therefore that Division which was here in Caesars time , was into Kingdomes ; the old names of whose Nations , as also the knowledge of their several abodes , hidden under the rubbish of so many ages , have * of late with infinite labours and exquisite judgement , beene probably restored and bounded ; yet that no mans expectation and desire be too much frustrated , reason wils that we briefly set forth such divisions of the Land , as many repute not ancient onely , but authenticke . ( 10 ) Our seeming ancient Historians begin it at Brute , who to every of his three sonnes gave a part , called presently after their names ; as * Loegria to Locrine his eldest sonne : * Cambria , to Camber his second sonne ; * and Albania to Albanist his third son ; And doubtlesse , if there had been more Nations of fame in this Iland , Brute should have had more sons fathered on him : which conceit some ascribe to Monmouth , holding that before him it was never so divided . ( 11 ) Ptolomey naming Britaine the Great and the Lesse , hath been by some mistaken , as so dividing this Iland into two parts ; but his proportion and distance from the Aequator , compared with his Geographicall description will evince , that he calleth this our Iland GREAT BRITAIN , and Ireland BRITAIN THE LESSE . ( 12 ) Howbeit some latter doe make indeed the South and more Champion to be called GREAT BRITAIN , and the North more mountainous , BRITAIN THE LESSE ; whose Inhabitants anciently were distinguished into the MAIATAE , and CALEDONII , and now by the Scots are into Heghlandmen and Lawlandmen . But that Northerne clime being more piercing for the Romanes constitutions and * lesse profitable or fruitfull , they set their bounds not farre from Edenburgh , and altogether neglected the other parts more Northward . ( 13 ) This neerer part of Britain they then divided into two parts ; for the more Southern tract , together with Wales , Dio termeth the Higher , and that more Northward the Lower , as by the seats of their Legions doth appeare ; for the second Legion Augusta ( which kept at Caerleon in South-Wales ) and the twentieth called Victrix ( which remained at Chester ) he placeth in the HIGHER BRITAIN : but the sixt Legion surnamed also Victrix , resident at Yorke , served ( as he writeth ) in the LOVVER BRITAIN ; which division , as seemeth was made by Severus the Emperour , who having vanquished Albinus , Generall of the Britaines , & reduced their State under his obedience , divided the government thereof into two Provinces , and placed two Prefects over the same . ( 14 ) After this againe the Romanes did apportion Britaine into three parts , whose limits our * great Antiquarie assigned by the ancient Archiepiscopall Seates , grounding his conjecture on 〈◊〉 the saying of Pope Lucius , who affirmes that the ●●●lesiasticall Iurisdictions of the Christians , accorded with the precincts of the Romane Magis●●●●●s , and that their Archbishops had their Sees in those Cities wherein their Presidents abode : so that the ancient Seats of the three Archbishops here , being London in the East , Caerleon in the West , and Yorke in the North ; Londons Diocesse ( as seemeth ) made BRIT . PRIMA ; Caerleon , BRIT . SECVNDA ; and Yorke MAXIMA CaeSARIENSIS . ( 15 ) But in the next age , when the power of their Presidents began to grow over-great , they again divided Britaine into five parts , adding to the three former VALENTIA and FLAVIA CaeSARIENSIS : the first of which two seemeth to have been the Northerly part of MAXIMA CaeSARIENSIS , recovered from the Picts and Scots by Theodosius the Generall , under Valence the Emperour , and in honour of him , named VALENTIA : and Flavia may be conjectured to receive the name from Flavius the Emperour ( son of Theodosius ) for that we read not of the name BRIT . FLAVIA , before his time . ( 16 ) So these five partitions had their limits assigned after this manner : BRIT . PRIMA contained those coasts that lay betwixt Thamesis , the Severne , 1 and the British Sea : BRITAIN SECUNDA extended from Severne unto the Irish Seas , 2 containing the Countrey that we now call WALES : FLAVIA CaeSARIENSIS , was that which lay betwixt the Rivers Humber and Tyne : 3 and VALENTIA from the said River , 4 and Picts-wall reached unto the Rampire neere Edenburgh in SCOTLAND , 5 the farthest part that the Romanes possessed when this Division was in use . For the severall people inhabiting all those parts , with their ancient Names and Borders ( whether designed by the Romanes or the old Britaines ) together with our moderne Names and Shires , answerable to each of them : we will referre you to the Tables thereof , elsewhere . ( 17 ) This whole Province of BRITAINE , as in our History shall appeare , was highly esteemed of the Emperours themselves , assuming as a glorious surname BRITANNICUS : coming thither in person over those dangerous and scarce knowne Seas ; here marrying , living , and dying ; enacting here Lawes for the whole Empire , and giving to those Captaines that served here , many Ensignes of great honour : yea Claudius gave Plantius ( the first Prefect of that Province ) the right hand , as he accompanied him in his Triumph : and his owne Triumph of BRITAIN was set out with such magnificence , that the Provinces brought in golden crowns of great weight , the Governours commanded to attend , and the very Captains permitted to be present at the same : A Navall Coronet was fixed upon a pinnacle of his Palace . Arches and Trophees were raised in Rome , and himselfe on his aged knees mounted the staires into the Capitoll , supported by his two sonnes in Law : so great a joy conceived he in himselfe for the Conquest of some small portion of BRITAIN . ( 18 ) How the Romanes found it , held it , and left it , as times ripened and rottened their successe , with the Names , the Inhabitants , Manners and Resisters , I leave to be pursued in the following Histories , and will onely now shew thee these three Kingdomes that are ( in present ) the chiefe Bodies of GREAT BRITAINES MONARCHIE ; two of which ( Scotland and Ireland ) shall in their due places have their father and more particular descriptions . WHen the Romane Empire beganne to be unweildy by the weight of her owne Greatness , and the Provinces ready to shake off subjection , by the Ambition of their Prefects : Britaine , then wanting her Souldiers ( taken thence to serve in forraine warres ) and abandoned by the Romanes , who were wont to protect her , was now laid open and naked to her Enemies , who had long waited an opportunitie to lay her waste . Among whom the Picts and Scots , casting a covetous eye upon so rich a prey , daily with inrodes molesting the weary , and now-weakened Britaines , inforced them to call in , to their assistance , the Saxons ; who in a short time , of ayding friends became oppressing enemies , and supplanting the Natives of this Land , laid the foundation of their aspiring hopes so sure , that thereupon in successe of time they transformed the fabricke of this one Province into a seven-fold State , which as seven-crowned Pillars , stood upon the Bases of Kent , South-Saxia , West-Saxia , East-Saxia , Northumberland , Mercia , and East-Anglia ; governed by so many severall Kings ; whose limits are in this Map distinguished by their severall Armes , and circumscribed Lines ; but for all the particular Counties under each of their commands , we will referre you to the Table in the fourth Chapter of our seventh Booke : in which Booke , the History of that growing Heptarchy , and its setling againe into one Monarchy , is contained at large . ( 2 ) Neither may we thinke , that the Limits of the whole Heptarchy , or of each particular Kingdome , were at their first raising apportioned , as afterward they were ; but that ( as all other States doe ) by steps and degrees they came to their setled bounds . Their utmost Northerne border was at first no other ( in all likelihood ) then that , wherewith the Romanes had formerly severed this their Province from Scotland , being that famous partition called the Picts-wall , ( which therefore in our Map you shall finde described with Battlements ) girding the wast ( or narrowest place ) of the whole Iland , from Sea to Sea , and reaching twixt the Bay of * Eden on the one coast , and the mouth of Tyne on the other ; though afterward the Northumbrians extended their Marches beyond that Wall. The Romanes had no other partition but onely this Northerne : the Saxons ( who had made the Britaines also their enemies ) added two others ( both in the West ) to straiten them & strengthen themselves . The first was divised by Offa the Mercian King , who made a Trench of admirable worke and charge , called Offa-Dyke , 1 running about one hundred miles over mountaines and hils , from the mouth of Dee in Flint-shire , to the fall of Wye in Glocestershire , therewith encircling the remainder of the dispossessed Britains in those Western and barren parts : which oppression King Harold further aggravated by a Law ; That if any Welshman were found with any weapon on this side that Ditch , he should forthwith have his right hand cut off . 2 The second partition was of King Athelstans device , who finding that the Britains did still inhabit those other Western parts , from the Lands end of Cornwall , even unto Excester in Devonshire , he not onely thrust them out of that Citie , fortifying the same with vast trenches , and a strong wall of squared stone to prevent their attempts : but further ordered that they should containe themselves within the River Tamar , whence that Promontory came to be named Corn-wall ; of the shape thereof like a Horne , which they call Corn , and of the * Inhabitants which the Saxons called ƿealsh , signifying Strangers . ( 3 ) The like may be said of the particular Kingdomes , that they attained not to those their certaine bounds , the Kingly Titles , but by degrees : the whole Saxons State being anciently divided , not into Shires , but into sundry small Regions , and those againe into Hides ( a Hide being foure yeard land , or as others thinke , as much as a Plow can till in one yeere ) as by an ancien * Fragment preserved & divulged by * two most judicious Antiquaries , may be seene , wherein all the land lying on this side Humber is thus parted . HIDES . Myrcna containeth 30000. hides Woken setna 7000. hides . Westerna 7000. hides . Pec-setna 1200. hides . Elmed-setna 600. hides . Lindes-farona 7000. hides . Suth-Gyrwa 600. hides . North-Gyrwa 600. hides . Fast-Gyrwa 600. hides . East-Wixna 300. hides . West-Wixna 6000. hides . Spalda 600. hides . Wigesta 900. hides . Heresinna 1200. hides . Sweordora 300. hides . Eyfla 300. hides . Wicca 300. hides . Wight-gora 600. hides . Noxgaga 5000. Hides . Oht-gaga 2000. hides . Hwynca 7000. hides . Ciltern-setna 4000. hides . Hendrica 3000. hides . Vnecung-ga 1200. hides . Aroseatna 600. hides . Fearfinga 3000. hides . Belmiga 600. hides . Witherigga 600. hides . East-Willa 600. hides . West-Willa 600. hides . East-Angle 30000. hides . East-Sexena 7000. hides . Cant-Warena 15000. hides . Suth-Sexena 7000. hides . West-Sexena 100000. hides . ( 4 ) But when that seven-fold Heptarchie was brought to a Monarchy , and the Kings from Pagans to be Christian professors , Elfred ( that mirrour of Kings ) for the setling of his Kingdome and subjects under a due and certain course of Iustice and Government , did first distribute his Kingdome into severall Countries called Shires , ( of the Saxon word Scyre , to cut or divide , ) and into other under-governments ; of which let us heare Malmesburie . By occasion ( saith he ) and example of the barbarous ( he meaneth the Danes ) the natural Inhabitants also were addicted to robberies , so that none could passe in safetie without weapons for defence . Elfred therefore ordained Centuries , which they terme Hundreds , and Decimes , which they call Tythings , that so every Englishman living under law , should be within some Hundred and Tything . And if a man were accused of any transgression , he should forthwith bring in some of that same Hundred & Tything . And is a man were accused of any transgression , he should forthwith bring in some of that same Hundred & Tything that would be pledges for his appearance to answer the Law , and he that could not finde such a suretie , should abide the severitie thereof . But in case any man standing thus accused , either before or after such suretiship did flie , then all that Hundred and Tything incurred a mulct imposed by the King , &c. By this device he brought peace into the Country , so as in the very high wayes he commanded Bracelets of Gold to be hanged up to mocke the greedy passengers , whiles none was found so hardy as to take them away . ( 5 ) This Custome King Elfred might borow from the use he saw in military Government , where the Generals direction found easiest successe by help of under-rulers , Centurions and Decurions ; or hee might have it from the Germanes , who kept Courts of Iustice in every Territory , having a hundred men out of the People as Assistants to performe their Law-dayes . By which his Partition , and industrious care , Peace and true dealing so flourished , that a Wayfaring man losing in his journey any summe of money , might a moneth after returne to the place and have it againe . map of Britain BRITAIN AS IT WAS DEVIDED in the tyme of the Englishe : Saxons especially during their Heptarchy ( 7 ) So that hereby we see both the Saxons distributing of this Country ( in their highest glory ) and also the government thereof , from the King ( whom they called their Conning , ( either of his skill or power ) to the lowest in the land . Other intermediate Governours throughout the Land , next unto the Kings Counsellors , where ( it seemeth ) those which the Saxons callen then Eal Sepmen , ( though a name now more humbled ) and the * Danes , Eorles ; the chiefe Magistrates in Cities , the Port gerefan , Portgreves : and Burghƿaren , Burgesses . For touching the name of laford , ( whence we contract Lord ) it may seeme rather a name of honour and reverence , then of civill authoritie , so likewise * Þein , a stile for men of the better ranke , as under-Þein , a note of service , and Ceorle , or Churle , of their Yeomanly condition who were also called gemen , the Yeomanry . ( 8 ) Since that first most politique distribution of K. Elfred , the number of the said Shires have found some change ; for what their number was , An. 1016. in the reign of King Ethelred , Malmesbury sheweth . The Danes ( saith he ) at this time when there were reckoned in England thirty-two Shires , invaded no lesse then sixteene of them : yea and afterwards also there were no more in number , at that time the Land received a new threefold distribution , according to the three sorts of Lawes , by which it was governed ; that is , West-Saxons Law , Danish , and Mercian . First , to the West-Saxon Law were the Counties of Kent , Sussex , Suthrie , Berkshire , Hantshire , Wiltshire , Sommersetshire , Dorcetshire , and Devonshire ; nine in number . To the Danish lawes were obedient fifteene other ; Yorkshire , Darbyshire , Nottinghamshire , Leicestershire , Lincolneshire , Northamptonshire , Bedfordshire , Buckinghamshire , Hertfordshire , Essex , Middlesex , Norfolke , Suffolke , Cambridgeshire , and Huntingtonshire . The Mercian Lawes ruled the eight Counties remaining , which were Gloucestershire , Worcestershire , Herefordshire , Warwickshire , Oxfordshire , Chesseshire , Shropshire , and Staffordshire . ( 9 ) But when William the Conquerour had got the English Diademe upon his head , and taxed the Kingdome with a generall survey , we finde in that publike record of the Domes-day Bocke , thirty foure named , besides those of Durham , Lācashire , Northumberland , Westmorland , and Cumberland ; the three last lay exposed to the Scots , and the other two freed from taxe to maintaine the Borders ; which five Counties being added to the other , their number ariseth to thirty-nine : and the thirteene Shires of Wales added to both , make fiftie two Counties , as we have at this day . ( 10 ) But the Author of Polychronicon ( upon what warrant I know not ) reckons thirty sixe Shires and an halfe , at the Conquerours survey : wherein , saith he , were found fiftie two thousand and fourescore Townes ; fortie five thousand and two Parish-Churches ; seventie five thousand Knights-Fees , whereof twenty eight thousand and fifteene were of Religious order ; and yet among these he accounteth no part of Cornwall : But from this report it may well be that Rossus Warwicanus complaineth of the depopulation of the Land , which with Towne-ships ( saith he ) anciently had stood so bestrewed , as a goodly Garden every where garnished with faire flowers . ( 11 ) King Elfred ( the first divider ) instituted a Prefect or Lieutenant in every of these Counties , which then were called Custodes , ( and ●fterwards Earles saith Higdon ) who kept the Countrey in obedience to the King , and suppressed the outrages of notorious robbers . But Canutus the Dane , when successe had set him upon the English Throne , divided the care of his Kingdomes affaires into a foure-fold subjection ; to wit , West-Sex , Mercia , Northumbre and East-England ; himselfe taking charge of the first and the greatest , making three Tetrarches of especiall trust over the rest , namely , Edrich over Mercia ; Yrtus over Northumbre ; and Turkill over East-England . Wales neither in this division nor that of King Elfred , was any waies liable , it being cut ( as we have said ) from England , by King Offa : but those remnants of the ancient Britaines divided likewise that Westerne Province into Kingdomes , Cantreds and Commots , * as more largely we will shew in the plot of that Principalitie . And this shall suffice for the division of England under the Saxons , who enjoyed it the space of 567. yeeres , from their first entrance under Hengist , unto the death of Edmund Ironside , and againe under Edward Confessor the terme of twenty yeeres . ( 12 ) Now if any shall be so minutely curious , as to enquire the meaning of the Emblematicall compartments , bordering the Mappe : the right side containeth the first seven Kings of that sevenfold State , their Names , their Kingdomes , their Escocheons , their yeeres of first aspiring : the left side doth portraict the like of the seven first kings in each of those Kingdomes , which by Christian Baptisme aspired to the hope of a Kingdome eternall , 1. Ethelbert ( of Kent ) receiving Austens instruction . 2. Sebert ( the East-Saxon ) converting ( by advice of B. Miletus ) the Temples of Diana and Apollo ( now S. Pauls in London , 1 and S. Peters in Westminster ) to the service of Christ. 3 3. Erpenwald ( the East-Angle ) received Baptisme by exhortation of King Edwin the Northumbrian , ( though as it seemeth Edwin himselfe for a time deferred his owne Baptisme ) and was therefore martyred by his Pagan Subjects . 4 4. Edwine ( the Northumbrian ) stirred up by a vision both to expect the Kingdome , and to receive the Faith , which he did by the preaching of Paulinus , whom he made Arch-bishop of Yorke . 5 5. Kingill ( the West Saxon ) converted by the preaching of S. Berinus , whom he made Bishop of Dorcester neere Oxford . 6 6. Peada ( the Mercian ) receiving Christian Faith , by perswasion of Oswy King of Northumbers , was murdered by his owne mothers ( some say his wives ) procurement . 7. Ethelwolfe ( the South-Saxon ) Baptized at Oxford by S. Berinus , 7 where Wulpherus King of Mercia was his God father at Font. ( 13 ) And sith these Saxons first gave to this Iland the name of England , we will here affixe ( for a close of all ) an ancient Epigram touching both this Country and her Name ; the rather , because * of late a principall part and prayse therein , is surreptitiously ( against * Lex Plagiaria ) taken from England and ascribed as proper to France . A certaine Author ( saith * Bartholomeus de proprietatibus rerum ) thus in verse describeth England . Anglia , terra * ferox , & fertilis , Angulus Orbis ; Insula praedives , quae toto vix eget Orbe , Et cujus totus indiget Orbis ope : Angliaplenajocis , Gens Libera , & aptajocari , * Libera Gens , cui libera mens , & libera lingua , Sed linguâ melior liberiorque manus . ENGLAND , fierce Land , Worlds , Angle , fertile art ; Rich I le , thou needst no other Countries Mart , Each other Country yet thy succour needs : ENGLAND , Ioyes Land , be free and joyous long , Free Race , free Grace , free Kind , free Mind & Tongue , Yet Hands passe Tongues for free and glorious deeds . THE TYPE OF THE FLORISHING KINGDOME OF ENGLAND VVITH THE GENERALL DESCRIPTION OF IT , AS IT WAS FROM THE TIME OF THE NORMANS . CHAPTER III. THE Saxons glory now neer to expire , by his appointment who holdeth both times and Kingdomes in his all-ordering hand ; their owne swords being the instruments , and the Danes the maules that beat their beautifull Diademe into pieces ; the Normans , a stirring Nation , ( neither expected , nor much feared ) under the leading of William their Duke , and encouragement of the Romane Bishop , ( an usuall promoter hereof broken titles ) made hither sodainly into England , who inone onely battell , with the title of his sword and slaughter of Harold , set the Emperiall Crown thereof upon his own head : which no sooner was done , but the English went downe , and the Normans lording it , became owners of those Cities which themselves never built ; possessed those Vineyards which they never planted ; dranke of those Wels which they never had digged ; and inhabited those houses , filled With riches , for which they never had laboured : for they found it to be as the Land whereupon the Lord set his eye , even from the beginning to the end of the yeer : not onely drinking water of the raine of heaven , but having also Rivers of waters and fountaines in her valleyes , and without all scarcitie , whose stones are yron , and out of whose mountains is digged brasse . This made them more resolute at first to settle themselves in this fairest and fruitfullest part of the Iland ; the Conquerour using all policy both Martial and Civill , to plant his posterity here for ever . How he found the Land governed we shewed in the Heptarchie ; but his restlesse thoughts were not contented with conquering the Nation and their Land , unlesse he also overcame their very Customes , Lawes , and Language . ( 2 ) Touching the distribution of the Kingdome , whereas other kings before him made use of it , chiefly for good of the people , and better ministring of Iustice , he made use of it , to know the wealth of his Subjects , and to enrich his Coffers : for he caused a description to be made of all England , how much land every one of his Barons possessed ; how many Knights fees , how many Plow-lands , how many in villanage , how many head of beasts ; yea how much ready money every man from the greatest to the least did possesse , and what rents might be made of every mans possession : the Booke of which inquisition ( yet in the Exchequer ) was called Domes-day , for the generalitie of that Iudgement on all the Land : Whereunto we may adde his other distribution of this Land ( worse then any former ) when thrusting the English out of their possessions , he distributed their inheritances to his Souldier● ; yet so , that all should be held of the King , as of the onely tri● Lord and possessor . ( 3 ) For the Lawes by which he meant to governe , he held one excellent rule and purpose , which was , that a People ought to be ruled by Lawes written and certaine : for otherwise new Iudges would still bring new Iudgements : and therefore he caused twelve to be chosen out of every Countie , which should on their oath , without inclining one way or other , neither adding nor detracting , open unto him all their ancient Laws and Customes . By whose relation understanding that three sorts of Lawes formerly were in the Land , Merchenlage , West-Saxon-lage , Dane-lage ; he had preferred these last , ( himselfe and People being anciently derived from those Northern people ) had not all the Barons bewayling to the King , how grievous it was for a Land to be iudged by those Lawes which they understood not , altered his resolute purpose : yet in bringing in the strange formes of Normas Processe , and pleading in the French tongue ( which continued till Edward the thirds time ) that grievance was but slenderly prevented . So likewise did he much alter the old Courts of Iustice , where these Lawes should be ministred : but whereas the ancient Kings of England , according to Moses his example , sate in person in the seate of Iustice , to right the greater affaires of their Subjects , as William Lambert sheweth in King Alfred , Edgar , Canutus , &c. and proves out of the Kings Oath , out of Bracton , Britain , Saxon-Lawes , &c. King William not only continued this ; but besides erected some other Courts of Iustice , as the Exchequer , and certaine Courts and Sessions to be held foure times every yeere : appointing both Iudges ( some to heare causes , others to whom appeales should be made , but none from them ) and also Prefects to looke to good orders . Those last Polydore calleth Iustices of Peace ; but their institution seemes to be far later : and no lesse is his errour on the other side , in saying the Conquerour first instituted Sheriffes , and the triall by twelve men , which were both ancienter . ( 4 ) And because the Conquerour , for honour of Bishops , caused them to remove from small obscure places to Cities of more renowne ; we have therefore reserved to this last place that division of this Kingdome , which is according to Iurisdiction Episcopall . Formerly in the yeer of salvation , 636. Honorius the fift Archbishop of Canterbury , first divided England into Parishes , which at this day are contained under their severall Diocesans , and these againe under their two Metropolitanes , ( Canterbury and Yorke ) in manner following . map of England THE KINGDOME OF ENGLAND YORKE . Yorke . Yorkshire . Nottinghamshire . 581. Chester . Cheshire . Richmondshire . Cumberland part . Lancashire . 256. Carlile . Cumberland part . Westmorland . 93. Durham . Durham . Northumberland . 135. Sodor . Man Iland . 17. Totall Bishopricks 27. Parishes 9285. ( 5 ) To speake nothing of these twenty eight Flamins the Priests of Idolatry , and the three Arch-Flamins , whose seats were at London , Caerlion , and Yorke ; all of them converted by King Lucius into Christian Bishops Sees : let us onely insist upon the three last , by the same King appointed to be Metropolitanes over the rest ; among whom London is said to be chiefe : whos 's first Christian Arch-bishop was Thean , the builder of S. Peters Church in Cornehill for his Cathedrall , as by an ancient Table there lately hanging , was affirmed , and tradition to this day doth hold . Our British Historians doe bring a succession of fifteene Arch-bishops , to have sate from his time unto the coming of the Saxons , whose last was Vodius , slaine by King Vortiger , for reprehending his heathenish marriage with Rowen , the daughter of Hengist . At what time began the misery of the Land , and of holy Religion , both which they laid waste under their prophane feete : untill Ethelbert of Kent , the first Christian Saxon King , advanced Christianity , and Augustine to the Arch-bishoprick of Canterbury , when London under Melitus became subject to that See. ( 6 ) At Caerlion upon Vske , in the time of great Arthur , sate Dubritius , a man excellently learned , and of an holy conversation : he had sate Bishop of Landaffe a long time , and with Germanus and Lupus , two French Bishops , greatly impugned the Pelagian Heresie , infecting at that time the Island very farre , whose fame and integritie was such , that he was made Arch-bishop of all Wales : but growne very old , he resigned the same unto * David his Disciple , a man of greater birth , but greater austeritie of life , who by consent of King Arthur , removed his Arch-bishops See unto Menevia , a place very solitary and meet for meditation : the miracles of the man , ( which are said to be many ) changed both the name of the place into his owne , and robbed Caerlion of her Archiepiscopall seat : This See of S. Davids , ( as in an ancient Register belonging to that Church is recorded ) had seven Bishops Suffraganes subject unto it , which were Exceter , Bathe , Hereford , Landaffe , Bangor , S. Asaph , and Fernes in Ireland : Notwithstanding , either for want of Pall , carried into Britanny by Arch-bishop Sampson , in a dangerous infection of sicknesse , either by poverty or negligence , it lost that Iurisdiction , and in the dayes of King Henry the first , became subject to the See of Canterbury . ( 7 ) Yorke hath had better successe then either of the former , in retaining her originall honour , though much impaired in her circuit , challenging to have beene sometime Metropolitane over all the Bishops in Scotland : and although it was made equall in honour and power with Canterbury , by Pope Gregory , as Beda relateth , and had twelve Suffragan * Bishopricks that owed obedience , onely foure now acknowledge Yorke their Metropolitane , but Canterburie the Superiour : for William the Conquerour thinking it dangerous to have two in like authoritie , lest the one should set on his Crowne , and the other strike it off , left Yorke to be a Primate , but Canterbury onely the Primate of all England . ( 8 ) That Lichfield was made an Archiepiscopall See by Pope Hadrian the first , at the suite of Offa , the great King of Mercia , is manifested by Matthew of Westminster , unto whose Iurisdiction were assigned the Bishoprickes of Winchester , Hereford , Leicester , Sidnacester , Helmham , and Dunwich , and whose first and last Arch-bishop was Aldwin . That Winchester also had intended an Archiepiscopall Pall , the same Authour recordeth , when Henry Bloys , of the blood-royall , greatly contended with the Arch-bishop of Canterburie for superiority , under the pretence of being Cardinall de latere ; to him an Archiepiscopall Pall was sent , with power and authority over seven Churches , but he dying before that the designe was done , the See of Winchester remained in subjection to Canterburie . And that ( long before ) the See of Dorchester by Oxford , had the Iurisdiction of an Arch-bishop , is apparent by those Provinces that were under his Diocesse , which were Winchester , Oxford , Lincolne , Salisbury , Bristow , Wels , Lichfield , Chester , and Excester ▪ and the first Bishop of this great Circuit , Berinus , was called the Apostle and Bishop of the West-Saxons : which in his next successour was divided into two parts , Winchester and Dorchester , and not long after into Lichfield , Sidnacester , and Legecester ; and lastly , the See removed from Dorchester to Lincolne , as now it is . And thus farre for the division of this Realme , both Politicke and Ecclesiasticke , as it hath stood and stands at this day . ( 9 ) But the whole Ilands division , by most certaine Record was anciently made , when Iulius Agricola drew a Trench or Fortification upon that narrow space of ground betwixt Edenborough Frith , and Dunbretton Bay , making the Southerne part a Province unto the Romane Empire . Afterwards Hadrian the Emperor seeing perhaps the Province too spacious to be well governed without great expense , drew backe these limits almost fourescore miles shorter , even to the mouth of the River Tyne , whence he fortified with a wall of admirable worke unto Carleile which stood the Lands border , while it stood as a Romane Province : yet the conquering Saxons did spread againe over those bounds , and ( as seemeth ) enlarged their government to that first Tract , as by this Inscription in a Stone Crosse standing upon a Bridge over the water of F●ith appeareth . I am a free March as Passenger may ken , To Scots , to Britaines , and to Englishmen . ( 10 ) But afterward William the Conquerour , and Malcolme King of Scotland , falling to an agreement for their limits , arreared a Crosse upon * Stanemore , where on the one side the portraiture and Armes of the King of England was sculptured , and of the King of Scots on the other ( a piece whereof is yet remaining there neere to the Spittle ) thence called the Rey-Crosse , there erected to be a Meare-stone to either Kingdome . His Successors also abolished the two partitions in the West , whereby the Welsh became one Nation and Kingdome with the English. It is also said that King Stephen to purchase friendship with the Scottish Nation , gave unto their King the Countie of Cumberland , who with it held both Westmorland and Northumberland ; but as Nubrigensis writeth , he restored them to King Henry the second , wisely considering his great power and right to those parts . ( 11 ) The last knowne borders were from the Sulway in the West-bay , along the Cheviot hils , unto the water of Tweede by Barwicke in the East , to maintaine which , on each part many lawes have been made , and many inrodes , robberies , and fewdes practised ; all which by the hand of GOD is now cut off , and by the rightfull succession of King IAMES our Soveraigne , who hath broken downe the partition of this great Island , and made the extremes of two Kingdomes , the very midst of his great united Empire . KENT , the first Province appearing in the South of this Kingdome , is bounded upon the North with the famous River Thamisis : on the East with the German Ocean : on the South with Sussex and the narrow Seas : and upon the West with Sussex and Surrey . The length thereof extended from Langley into the West , unto Ramsgate East-ward in the Isle of Thanet , is about 53. English miles . From Rother in the South , unto the Isle of Graine North-ward , the bredth is not much above 26. and the whole circumference about 160. ( 2 ) In forme it somewhat resembleth the head of a hammer or Battle-axe , and lyeth corner-wise into the Sea : by Strabo , Caesar , Diodorus , and Ptolomie , called Cantium , of Cant or Canton , an Angle or Corner : either of Caino a British word , which signifieth Bushes or Woods , whereof that Country in those former times was plentifully stored . ( 3 ) The Ayre , though not very cleare , because of the vapours arising from the Sea , and Rivers that environ the same , is both wholesome and temperate , as seated nearest to the Equinoctiall , and the furthest from the North-Pole , not touched with cold as the other parts of the Land are . ( 4 ) The Soyle towards the East is uneven , rising into little hils , the West more levell and woody , in all places fruitfull , and in plenty equals any other of the Realme , yea , and in some things hath the best esteeme : as in Broad-cloathes , Fruits , and feedings for Cattle . Only Mines ( excepting Iron ) are wanting : all things else delivered with a prodigall heart and liberall hand . ( 5 ) Sundry navigable Rivers are in Kent , whereof Medway , that divideth the Shire in the midst , is chiefe ; in whose bosome securely rideth his Majesties Navy Royall , the wals of the land , and terrours of the Seas ; besides ten others of name and account , that open with twenty Creekes and Havens for Ships arrivage into this Land , foure of them bearing the name of Cinque Ports , are places of great strength and priviledges , which are Dover , Sandwich , Rumney , and Winchelsey : among which Dover with the Castle is accounted by Matthew Paris the Monke , the Lock and Key to the whole Realme of England ; and by Iohn Rosse and Lidgate is said to be built by Iulius Caesar , fatall only for the death of King Stephen , and surrender of King Iohn therein hapning . ( 6 ) A conceit is , that Goodwin-Sands were sunk for the sins of himself and his sons . Shelves indeed that dangerously lye on the North-east of this County , and are much feared of all Navigators . These formerly had been firme ground , but by a sudden inundation of the Sea were swallowed up , as at the same time a great part of Flanders and the Low Countries were : and the like also at the same time befell in Scotland , as Hector Boetius their Historiographer writeth . A like accident hapned in the yeare 1586. the fourth day of August , in this County , at Mottingham , a Towne eight miles from London , suddenly the ground began to sinke , and three great Elmes thereon growing , were carried so deepe into the bowels of the earth , that no part of them could any more be seen , the hole left in compasse fourscore yards about , and a line of fifty fadomes plummed into it doth find no bottome . ( 7 ) The Kentish people in Caesars time were accounted the civillest among the Britains : and as yet esteeme themselves the freest Subjects of the English , not conquered , but compounded with by the Normans : and herein glory , that the King and Commons of all the Saxons were the first Christians , converted in Anno 596. yea , and long before that time also Kent received the Faith : for it is recorded that Lucius the first Christian British King in this Island , built a Church to the name and service of Christ , within the Castle of Dover , endowing it with the Toll of the same Haven . ( 8 ) This County is enriched with two Cities & Bishops See , strengthned with 27. Castles , graced with eight of his Majesties most Princely Houses , traded with 24. Market-towns , and beautified with many stately and gorgeous buildings . The chiefest City therof , the Metropolitan and Archbishops See , is Canterbury , built ( as our British Historians report ) 900. yeares before the birth of Christ ; by Henry of Huntington , called Caier-Kent , wherein ( as M. Lambard saith ) was erected the first Schoole of professed Arts and Sciences , and the same a Pattern unto Sigibert King of the East Angles , for his foundation at Cambridge : notwithstanding by the computation of time , this Sigibert was slain by Penda King of Mercia , 30. years before that Theodore the Grecian was Bishop of Canterbury , who is said to be the erector of that Academy . But certain it is , that Austen the Monk had made this City famous before that time , by the conversion of these Saxons unto Christianity , and in building , a most magnificent Church to Gods service , wherein eight of their Kings have been interred , but all their Monuments since overshadowed by the height of Beckets Tombe , that for glory , wealth , and superstitious worships , equalized the Pyramides of Egypt , or the Oracles of Delphos , yet now with Dagon is fallen before the Arke of God. This City hath been honoured with the presence and Coronations of King Iohn and Queen Isabel his wife , with the mariages of King Henry third , and of King Edward the first , and with the interments of Edward the Black Prince . King Henry the fourth , and of Queen Ioan his wife : as Feversham is with the burials of King Stephen , and of Maud his Queen and wife . But as in glory , so in adversity hath this City born a part , being divers times afflicted by the Danes , but most especially in the dayes of King Ethelred , who in that revenge of their massacre , made havock of all , and herein slew forty three thousand and two hundred persons , the tenth besides reserved to live . Afterward it recovered breath and beauty by the liberality of Bishop Langford ; Charters and Priviledges by King Henry the third ; strength in trench and Fortifications from King Richard the second : and lastly , wals for her defence by Simon Sudbury Archbishop of that See : whose Graduation is placed for Latitude 51.25 . and parallelized for Longitude 22.8 . her sister Rochester differing not much in either degree . ( 9 ) Which City ( as Beda saith ) was built by one Rof , Lord of the same , though some ascribe the foundation of the Castle to Iulius Caesar , and hath been often ruinated by the injuries of warre , both in the times when the Saxons strove for superiority among themselves , wherein this City was laid waste , Anno 680. as also in the assaults of their common ●nemy the Danes , who about the yeare 884. from France sailed up the River Medway , and besieged the same , so that had not King Elfred speedily come to the rescue , it had been overthrown by those Pagans . And again , in Anno 999. the Danes miserably spoiled this City in the time of King Ethelred : neither hath it stood safe from danger since ( though not defaced so much by war ) for twice hath it been sore endamaged by chance of fire : the first was in the reigne of King Henry the first , An. 1130. himself being present with most of his Nobility , for the consecration of the Cathedrall Church of S. Andrew . And again almost wholly consumed about the latter end of the Reign of King Henry the second , Anno 1177. Yet after all these calamities it recovered some strength again , by the bounty of King Henry the third , both in buildings , and in ditching her about for defence . ( 10 ) Civill broyles and dissentions hath this Countie been burdened with , and that not only under the Saxons and Danes , whose desolations were many and grievous , but also by other rebellions since the Normans Conquest , both in those infamous insurrections called The Barons Warres , in the reigne of King Henry the third , wherein much harme was done : as also under King Richard the second , when Wat Tilar , Captaine of a dreadfull commotion , assembled at Black-heath , Mile-end , and in London , doing many outrages , where in Smithfield he was lastly struck down by William Walworth then Major of the City , and worthily slaine for his notorious treasons . Again , upon Black-heath , Michael Ioseph , the Lord Dawbeny , with their Cornish Rebels , were overthrowne by King Henry the seventh , Anno 1497. ( 11 ) Kent in the time of Iulius Caesar was governed by four severall Kings . Vnder Vortigern the Britain , by a Lieutenant called Guorong , from whom the said King gave it to Hengist the Saxon , in favour of his Daughter Rowen , who seeking to make himself absolute King thereof , eight yeares after his first entrance , fought a victorious Battell against the Britaines neere unto Crayford , and thence-forth accounted that Province his owne . Yet afterward Vortimer the valiant Britaine , gave him battell at Aylesford : in the which both Horsa and Catigern , brethren to both the Generals , were slaine , and the Saxons driven into the Isle of Thanet , their first assigned habitation , not daring to enter the Continent so long as Vortimer lived . Catigern was interred upon the Plaine , where to this day remaineth his Monument , being foure stones pitched in manner of the Stonehenge , and is vulgarly called Citscotehouse . The like Monument was of Horsa at Horsted , which storms and time have now devoured . Hengist made this Province a Kingdom for himselfe and successors , which name and power it retained the space of three hundred and twenty years , when Egbert King of the West-Saxons subdued and joyned it to his own : in which subjection it stood untill the time of the Normans . Then was it given under the title of an Earledome by the Conqueror , unto Otho Bishop of Bayeux his halfe-brother , whose successours in that dignity were those most honourable Families , whose Armes and Names within this Plot are blazed and expressed . It is divided principally into five Lathes , subdivided into 66. Hundreds , and them againe into 398. Parishes ● and wherein had been seated three and twenty Religious Houses . map of Kent KENT WITH HER CITIES AND EARLES Described and observed . LATHES DIVIded into Hundreds , and Hundreds into Parishes . Sutten . Black-heath , 7. Sutten . Bro●eley , 2. Sutten . Lesnes , 4. Sutten . Axtane , 16. Sutten . Rookesley , 15. Sutten . Godsheath , 8. Sutten . Westerham , 4. Sutten . Somerden , 6. Aylesford . Hoo , 5. Aylesford . Shamele , 11. Aylesford . Toltingtroe , 6. Aylesford . Chetham , 3. Aylesford . Wortham , 4. Aylesford . Larkfield , 15. Aylesford . Littlefield , 3. Aylesford . Twiford , 6. Aylesford . Tunbridge , 2. Aylesford . Watchlingston , 5. Aylesford . West Barnefield . Aylesford . Brenchley , 3. Aylesford . Marden , 2. Aylesford . Eyhorne , 13. Aylesford . Maldstone , 7. Seray . Milton , 23. Seray . Tenham , 4. Seray . Feversham , 17. Seray . Bo●●on , 4. Seray . Felboro , 5. Seray . Chart , 9. Seray . Wye , 5. Seray . Byircholt , 1. Seray . Galehill , 8. Seray . Ashford . Seray . Blackborne , 5. Seray . Tenderden , 1. Seray . Barkley , 1. Seray . Cranbrooke , 3. Seray . Rolvenden , 2. Seray . Selbrightenden , 1. Seray . East Barnfield , 1. Seray . Newyadene . S. Augustine . Ringsloe , 4. S. Augustine . Blengate , 7. S. Augustine . Whirestable , 3. S. Augustine . Westgate , 4. S. Augustine . Downchamford , 6. S. Augustine . Preston , 2. S. Augustine . Bredge , 7 S. Augustine . Kinghamford , 5. S. Augustine . Seasalter . S. Augustine . Wingham , 5. S. Augustine . East●y , 11. S. Augustine . Cor●iloe , 8. S. Augustine . Bewesbrough , 13. S. Augustine . Longport . Shepwey . Folkestane , 8. Shepwey . Lovingboroe , 4. Shepwey . Stowting , 5. Shepwey . Heane , 2. Shepwey . Pyrcholt stan , 2. Shepwey . Streats , 3. Shepwey . Worth , 2. Shepwey . Ilam , 3. Shepwey . Langport , 1. Shepwey . S. Martin . Shepwey . Newchurch , 4. Shepwey . Alowsbridge , 6. Shepwey . Oxney , 3. A ACryse , Shep. Acton , Sera . Addesham , Aug. Addington , Ayles . Akkam , Shep. S. Albans , August . Aldington , Ayles . Aldington , Shep. Aldwecke , Shep. Alhallowes , Ayles . Alkham , Shep. 〈◊〉 , Ayles . 〈◊〉 Coltham , Ayles . Allington , Shep. All Saints , August . APPLEDORE , Sera . As●●ey , August . 〈…〉 ASHEFORD , Seray . Ash●ey , August . Ash●●● , Ayles . Aylesford , Ayles . Aynsford , Sutten . Aythorne , August . B ●●llesmere , Seray . 〈◊〉 , Ayles . 〈◊〉 child , Seray . 〈◊〉 , August . 〈◊〉 , August . 〈◊〉 , Sutton . 〈◊〉 , Shep. 〈◊〉 , Ayles . 〈◊〉 west , Ayles . 〈◊〉 , August . 〈◊〉 bay , August . 〈◊〉 , Ayles . 〈◊〉 , August . 〈◊〉 , Ayles . 〈◊〉 , August . 〈◊〉 , Sera . 〈◊〉 , Sutton . 〈◊〉 , August . 〈◊〉 , Ayles . 〈◊〉 , August . 〈◊〉 , Shep. 〈◊〉 , Sera . 〈◊〉 , Seray . 〈◊〉 brooke flu . 〈◊〉 , Sera . 〈◊〉 , Ayles . 〈◊〉 , August . 〈◊〉 , August . 〈◊〉 , Ayles . 〈◊〉 , August . 〈◊〉 , Sera . 〈◊〉 , Seray . Bewls flu . Bewtsfield , August . Bexley , Sutton . Bibrooke , Seray . Bichborow , Shep. Bic●or , Sera . Bidborow , Ayles . Biddenden , Sera . Biknore , Ayles . Bilsington , Shep. Bilsington , courie flu . Shep. Binbery , Ayles . Birchingston , August . Birling flu . Birling , Ayles . Bishopsborne , August . Bithborow , Shep. Blackmansbury , August . Blackmanston , Shep. Bleane , August . Bobbing , Seray . Bocton , Ayles . Bocton Malherbs , Ayles . Bocton a Luph , Seray . Bocton vnder Blean , Seray . Bonington , Shep. Bore place , Sutton . Borden , Seray . Borden , Ayles . Botham , Ayles . Bormesh , Shep. Borsfield , Seray . Borsholder , August . Boughton Maherb , Seray . Boughton Mouchelsay , Ayles . Bourdfield , Seray . Boxley , Ayles . Braborne , Shep. Braborne east , Seray . Braborne west , Seray . Bradborne , Sutton . Bradherst , Ayles . Brandbridge , Ayles . Brested Upland , Sutton . The great Breach , Sutton . Bredgar , Seray . Bredge East , Shep. Bregge , August . Brenchesley , Ayles . Breny , Shep. Brenset , Shep. Brethe , August . Bircholt , Seray . Bridge , August . Broad stayres , August . Brooke , Seray . Brooke house , Sutton . Brookland , Shep. Bromefield , Ayles . Bromehill , Shep. BROMLEY , Sutton . Brompford , Seray . Broxam , Sutton . Buckland , Seray . Buckland , August . Buckwell , Seray . Burham , Ayles . Burtrash , Shep. Burton , Seray . Buston , Ayles . Buttesbridge , Shep. C Cabons , Shep. Calehill , Seray . CANTERBURY , Aug. Capell , Ayles . Capell , Shep. Capell fleet , Seray . Cartham , Seray . Chafford , Ayles . Chalke , Ayles . Challocke , Seray . Chapell at Streat , Shep. Charing , Seray . Charleton , Sutton . Charleton , August . Chart little , Seray . Chart great , Seray . Chart , Ayles . Chartham , Seray . Chartham , August . Chartham , Ayles . Chelefield , Sutton . Chepsted , Sutton . Cheriton , Shep. Chetham , Ayles . Chevening , Sutton . Chidingston , Sutton . Chilham , Seray . Chillenden , August . Chilton , August . Chiselherst , Sutton . Chistelet , August . Choten Marsh , Seray . S. Clement , Shep. S. Cletes , Ayles . Cleave , August . Clobesden gate , Shep. Clysse , Ayles . Cliffe well , August . Cobham , Ayles . Cobham hall , Ayles . Cockes heath , Ayles . Cockliscombe , Seray . Cock●ell bridge , Shep. Colred , August . Coshall , Seray . Cokeing , August . Comber west , Sutton . Combwell , Seray . Combdens hill , Seray . Comford , Ayles . Comherst , Ayles . Cosmus bleane , August . Cossenton , Ayles . Cowden , Sutton . Courseborne , Seray . Court Lodge , Seray . Cowdham , Sutton . Cowling , Ayles . Cowling Parke , Ayles . Christchurch , August . Craford , Sutton . Cray North , Sutton . Cray flu . CRANBROOK , Sera . Cranbrooke , Seray . Crocks , Ayles . Crog deipp , Seray . Crundall , Seray . Cuckstone , Ayles . D Darrent , Sutton . Darrent flu . DARTFORD , Sut. Davington , Seray . Deale , August . Deane , August . Deane , Seray . Deane Court , August . Denge Marsh , Shep. Denge Nasse , Shep. Denhill , August . Denton , Ayles . Denton , August . Dent de lion , August . Deptford upper , Sutton . Deptford lower , Sutton . Detling , Ayles . Dimchurch , Shep. Ditton , Ayles . Dodington , Seray . DOVER , August . Downe , Sutton . Small Downes , August . ● Dray flu . Drome , August . S. Dunstone , August . E East bridge , Shep. East church , Seray . Eastry , August . Eastwell , Seray . Ebbene , Shep. Ebny , Seray . Ebsfleer , August . Ebridge course flu . Shep. Eden , Sutton . Eden bridge , Sutton . Edislay , Seray . Egarton , Seray . Egerton , Seray . Elmesley , Seray . Elmested , Shep. Elmestone , August . Elsenham , Seray . ELTHAM , Shep. Eltham , Sutton . S. Ens water , Shep. Epald bay , August . Erith , Sutton . Eseling , Seray . Eton-bridge , Sutton . Ey-bridge , Ayles . Eyhorne , Ayles . Eynesford , Sutton . Eythorne . Evering , Shep. Ewell , August . Eych-borom , Shep. F Fairefield , Shep. Fairelane , Ayles . Farleigh east , Ayles . Farleigh west , Ayles . Farneburgh , Sutton . Farmingham , Sutton . Faulkeham , Sutton . Field , Seray . Fery , Seray . FEVERSHAM , Seray . Fincheolts , Seray . Finglesham , August . Fleet North , Ayles . Fleet South , Sutton . Flimwell , Seray . Folkston , Shep. Forde , Ayles . Ford , August . Fordwich , August . Footescray , Sutton . Francks , Sutton . Frendsbury , Ayles . Frendsted , Ayles . Friendvile , August . Friers , Ayles . Frith North , Ayles . Frith South , Ayles . Frittenden , Seray . G Gads-hill . Genlad flu . S. Giles , August . Githorne , August . Gillingham , Ayles . Goddonton , Seray . Goldgate bay , August . Godmarsham , Seray . Godneston , Seray . Goldwell , Seray . Goodwinston , August . Gore-court , Ayles . Gore-end , August . Gotley , Seray . Gowdherst , Seray . Glassenbary , Seray . Graudney , Seray . GRAVESEND , Ayl Greane Isle , Ayles . Greneb , Ayles . Grench , Ayles . Greenhill , Seray . Greehyth , Sutton . Greenwich east , Sutton . Greenwich west , Sutton . Greenway-Court , Ayles . Greystone bay , August . Grombride , Ayles . Grove sery , August . Groveherst , Seray . Guilford , Shep. Guston , August . H Hadlow , Ayles . Hadlow place , Ayles . Haislath , Seray . Hakington , August . Haile , Ayles . High Halden , Seray . Halden parke , Seray . Halkweell , Ayles . Halling , Ayles . Halligrace , Seray . Halmessed , Seray . Halsted , Sutton . Halsted , Ayles . Halsto high , Ayles . Halstow , Seray . Ham , August . Ham , Shep. Harhaldowne , August . Harden upper , August . Harden nether , August . Hardrese , Shep. Haresgate , Ayles . Hariesham , Ayles . Harrie , Seray . Hartley , Sutton . Hartlip , Seray . Harwich , August . Hasting , Seray . Hastingleigh , Shep. Hatton , Seray . Haw , August . Hawborow , Shep. Hawkherst , Seray . Hawking , Shep. Hawling , Ayles . Hawtesborne , Seray . Hearne , August . Hearnehill , Seray . Hedcorne , Ayles . Hedcorne , Seray . Heden , August . Heys , Sutton . Helling , Seray . Hempsted , Seray . Herne , August . Herst , Shep. Hertfield bridge , Seray . Hever , Sutton . Higham , Ayles . Hilden , Ayles . Hinxell , Seray . HITHE , Shep. Hithe west , Shep. Hoathe , August . Hockenbury bridge , Sera . Hocket , Seray . Hollingborne , Ayles . Huo , Ayles . Honton , Ayles . Hope , Shep. Hope bay , August . Hornes , Shep. Horne place . Seray . Horsimonden , Ayles . Horton ki●by , Sutton . Horton , August . Horton Monk● , Shep. Hospitall , August . Hotbisbrough , Ayles . Hothefield , Seray . Hongham , August . Howfield , August . Howlets Palace , Aug. Hucking , Ayles . Hungers hall , Ayles . Hunton , Ayles . Huntonford bridge , Ayles . I S. James , Ayles . Idehill , Sutton . Ifield , Ayles . Ightam , Ayles . Ileden , August . Ilkham , August . S. Johns , August . Ivechurch , Shep. Iwade , Seray . K Kellington , August . Kempsing , Sutton . Kennerdington , Seray . Kennington , Seray . Kent-bridge , Seray . Kenthach , Sutton . Keston , Sutton . Kerbrooke , Sutton . Kevingtown , Sutton . Kevingtown , Seray . Kingsdowne , Sutton . Kingsdowne , August . Kingsdowne , Seray . Kings fery , Seray . Kingswoth , Seray . Kingston , August . Kingswold , August . Kitskots-house , Ayles . Knell , Sutton . Knowlton , August . L Lamberherst , Ayles . Langden east , August . Langden west , August . Langley , Ayles . Langley , August . Langley , Sutton . Langport , August . Layborne , Ayles . La●kfield . Ayles . S. Laurence , August . Leden , August . Lee , Sutton . Leedes , Ayles . Lees court , Seray . Legges flu , Ayles . LENHAM , Ayles . Lentham east , Seray . Leigh . 1. Sutton . Leigh . 2. Sutton . Leisdon , Seray . S. Leonard , Ayles . Lesnes , Sutton . Leveland , Seray . Lewsham , Sutton . Lydde , Shep. Lydden , Shep. Lydsing , Ayles . Lymme , Shep. Lymen Flu Lyming , Shep. Lyngell , Sutton . Lingsted , Seray . Linton , Ayles . Littleborne , August . Longbeach , Seray . Longfield , Sutton . Lone , Ayles . Loose , Ayles . Lovelace , Seray . Luddenham , Seray . Luddesdowne , Ayles . Lullingston , Sutton . M MAIDSTONE , Ayl . May●hill , Seray . Martham sery , Seray . Malling ●ast , Ayles . MALLING West , Ayles . Maplesdowne , Sutton . Marden , Seray . Marden , Ayles . Margaret bay , August . S. Margaret , Sutton . S. Margaret , August . S. Margaret , Ayles . S. Margaret at Cliffe , August . S. MARY CRAY , Sutton . S. Mary , Shep. S. Mary , Ayles . Marsham , Seray . Marshland Flu ▪ Shep. S. Martine , Shep. Martine , August . Medway Flu. Mercham , Ayles . Mereworth , Ayles . Meriam Court , Ayles . Mersham , Seray . Marsham Hatson , Seray . Mersham , Shep. Merston , Ayles . Midley , Shep. Milgate , Ayles . Mill-hall , Ayles . Milkhouse , Seray . Milsted , Seray . MILTON , Seray . Milton , Ayles . Milton , August . Minster , Seray . Minster , August . Mystole , August . Mole , Ayles . Molands , August . Moldash , Seray . Mongham great , August . Mongham little , August . Monckton , Seray . Moncton , August . Morants Court , Sutton . Morston , Seray . Mote , Ayles . Motingham , Sutton . Munchelsey , Ayles . Munford , Seray . Muttenden , Ayles . Mylhall , Ayles . N Nackington , August . Nash , Seray . Nash court , August . Sharpe Nasse , Seray . Shire Nasse , Seray . Peper Nasse , August . Swale Nasse , Seray . White Nasse , August . Faire Nasse , August . Shell Nasse , August . Natington , August . Nayland poynt , August . Nettlested , Ayles . Nethercourt , August . Nevenham , August . Newbridge , Seray . New church , Shep. New eye Flu Shep. Newenden , Seray . Newenton , Seray . New haven , August . Newington , Shep. New●nham , Seray . Newhyth , Ayles . S. Nicholas , August . S. Nicholas at wood , Aug. S. Nicholas , Shep. Nokholt , Sutton . Noninton , August . Norborne , August . North forland , August . Norton , Seray . Nowre-heade , Seray . Nutsted , Ayles . O O●sam , Ayles . Old wives lease , Seray . Ollantigh , Seray . Organsweke , Shep. Orlaston , Shep. Orlaston , Shep. Orpinton , Sutton . Orpinton , Seray . Ospringe , Seray . Oslen hanger , Shep. Otham , Ayles . Otham Abbey , Ayles . Otteford , Sutton . Otterdon , Seray . Otteringden , Ayles . Overland , August . Oure , Seray . Outmeston , August . Oxney Island , Seray . Oxney , August . Oxenhoath , Ayles . P Paddlesworth , Shep. Paddlesworth , Ayles . Palmers bay , August . Panscray , Sutton . Patriksborne , August . Pecham East , Ayles . Pecham West , Ayles . Pedelsworth , Ayle . Pensherst , Sutton . Pepenbury , Ayles . Pipingley , Ayles . Pery , Shep. Pet , Seray . S. Peters , August . Petham , August . Pevinton , Seray . Pierling , Ayles . Pluckley , Seray . Plumsted , Sutton . Popeshall , August . Postling , Shep. Preston , August . Preston , Seray . Preston , Ayles . Priory , She● . Q Queenborow , Seray . Quekes , August . R Radignudes , August . Ramesgate , August . Raynam , Seray . Rave●borne , Flu. Reculver , August . Reding , Seray . Rever , August . Richborow , August . Ridley , Sutton . Rie●sh , Ayles . Ringleton , August . Ripplel , August . Rivers , August . River-hill , Ayles . ROCHESTER , Ayles . Rockins staires , August . Rodmersham , Seray . Royden-hall , Ayles . Royton , Seray . Roking , Shep. Rolling , August . Rolvinden , Seray . Romden , Seray . ROMNEY , Shep. Romneyold , Shep. Rookesley , Sutton . Rothe● Flu. Rucking , Shep. Rugu●ethill , Ayles . Rusborne , August . Ryde , Seray . S All Saints , August . Saltwood , Shep. Sandherst , Seray . Sandhill , Seray . Sandowne , August . Sandpit , Seray . SANDWICH , Aug. Sargate , Shep. Sard , Seray . Scadbery , Sutton . Scadbury , Ayles . Scale , Sutton . Scelling , Shep. Scorney , Seray . Scots-hill , Shep. Scabrooke Flu , Shep. Scale , Sutton . Seasalter , August . Sednor , Seray . Selling , Seray . Sellingder , Shep. SEVENOKE , Sutton . Sevington , Seray . Sewards , Seray . Shaddockherst , Shep. Shaddockherst , Seray . Shaniford , Seray . Sharsted , Seray . Sheyborne ruscall , Ayles . Shelving , August . Shelwich , Seray . Sheppey Island , Seray . Shere Flu. Shene course Flu , Shep. Shiborne , Ayles . Shepway crosse , Shep. Sh●d Flu. Sholden , August . 1. Shorland , Seray . 2. Shorland , Seray . Shone , Ayles . Shoram , Sutton . Shooters-Hill . Shotenden , Seray . Shurte , August . Sibertswood , August . Sidbrooke Flu , Shep. Sissingherst , Seray . SITI INBORNE , Seray . Sittinborne little , Seray . Smalbrooke Flu. Ayles . Smalhead , August . Smalhythe , Seray . Smarden , Seray . 〈◊〉 , Shep. Snagat , Shep. Snave , Shep. Snotheland , Ayles . Secombe , Seray . Southe , Ayles . Spelherst , Ayles . Spelmendon , Ayles . Spetingbrooke Flu , Shep. Spilspill , Seray . Stallisfield , Seray . Stanford , Shep. Stanford , Seray . Stanstead , Ayles . Stanstead , Shep. Staple , August . Staplegate , August . Stap●therst , Seray . Stare , August . Starborow , Sutton . Stelling , Shep. S. Stephens , August . Stitcbridge , Ayles . Storke , Ayles . Stodmaish , August . Stoke , Ayles . Stoakbury , Ayles . Stoakbe●y , Seray . Stone , Sutton . Stone , Ayles . Stone , Shep. Stone-end , Shep. Holine Stone , Shep. Stone , Seray . Stone-bay , August . Stoner , August . Stoningley , Ayles . Stowmaish , August . Stowre Flu. Stouring , Shep. Stroud , Ayles . Sturrey , August . Sturmouth , August . Sturtmarsh , Seray . Stutstall , Shep. Sundrich , Sutton . Surrenden , Seray . Sutton , August . Sutton at bone , Sutton . Sutton East , Ayles . Sutton valance , Ayles . Swalecliffe , August . The East Swale , Aug. Swanscombe , Sutten . Swingfield , Shep. T Tannington , August . Taperegge , Ayles . Tenham , Seray . Tenterden , Seray . Teston , Ayles . Thanet Isle , August . Themote , Ayles . Thorneham , Ayles . Throwley , Seray . Tilmaston , Seray . Tilmeston , August . Tokingham , Seray . Tong , Seray . Torne , Ayles . Towne , Seray . Tremworth , Seray . Trottischise , Ayles . Tudesey , Ayles . Tudenham , Seray . TUNBRIDGE , Ayles . Tunford , August . Tunstall , Seray . Tutsham , Ayles . Turvey stayies , August . Twydall , Ayles . Twidley , Ayles . Twyford bridge , Ayles . The Twist , Ayles . Twytham , August . V Uddenham bridge , Seray . Vintners , Ayles . Ulcombe , Seray . Ulcombe , Ayles . Upchurch , Seray . Upnor , Ayles . W Watchorne , Shep. Waldershare , August . Wallingford course Flu. Walmer , August . Waltham , Shep. Waltham , August . Wantsume , Flu. S. Warburg , alias Hoo. Ayl . Warddon , Seray . Warchorne , Seray . Watringbury , Ayles . Waye●-end , Shep. East Weare , Shep. Weeke , Ayles . Well , August . Well-place , Sutton . Welles , Seray . Wellstreat , Sutton . Westhere , August . Westcliffe , August . West-court , August . West-gate , August . Westenhanger , Shep. Westheath , Shep. Westram , Sutton . Westre , Ayles . Westwell , Seray . Whetsted , Ayles . Whitestable , August . Whoornes place , Ayles . Witcheling , Ayles . Wickham East , Sutton . Wickham West , Sutton . Wickham brux , August . Wide●ton , August . Wigme●e , August . Wigsell , Seray . Willesbrough , Seray . Wilmington , Seray . Wilmington , Sutton . Wimingswold , August . Wingham , August . Witham , Ayles . Witrap , Shep. Wittresham , Shep. Witrisham , Seray . Woldham , Ayles . Wolwich , Sutton . Wood , August . Woodchurch , Seray . Woodfalls , Ayles . Woodland , Sutton . Woodnesborow , August . Wotton , August . Wo●th , August . Wormsh●ll , Ayles . WROTHAM , Ayles . WY● , Seray . Wye Court Y Yaldam , Ayles . Yalding , Ayles . Yotes , Ayles . SVTH-SEX , a word compounded of the side thereof Southward , and of the Saxons , whose Kingdome was the second in their Heptarchie , is written by them Suðex , and by us Sussex , lieth stretched along the Brittish Seas . The North confronts upon Surrey and Kent , and the West butteth upon Hampshire . ( 2 ) For forme it lieth long and narrow , so that all her Rapes doe run quite thorow the Shire , and containeth from Westbarting in the West , to Kent ditch that divides it from Kent in the East , sixtie foure Miles , but in the broadest part little above twentie , the whole in Circumference , about one hundred fiftie eight Miles . ( 3 ) The Aire is good , though somwhat clouded with mists , which arise from her South bordering Sea , who is very prodigall unto her for Fish and Sea-fowle , though as sparing for Harbours or Ships arrivage , and those which she hath , as uncertaine for continuance , as dangerous for entrance . ( 4 ) Rich is the Soile and yeeldeth great plentie of all things necessary , but very ill for travellers , especially in the winter , the land lying low and the wayes very deepe , whose middle tract is garnished with Meadows , Pastures , and Corn-fields ; the Sea-Coast with Hills which are called the Downs , abundantly yeelding both Graine and Grasse , and the North side overshadowed with pleasant Groves and thicke Woods , where sometimes stood the famous Wood Andradswald , containing no lesse then an hundred and twentie Miles in length , and thirtie in bredth , taking the name of Anderida a Citie adjoyning : both which were won from the Britaine 's by Ella the first Saxon King of this Province , and the place made fatall to Sigebert King of the West-Saxons , who being deposed from his Royall Throne , was met in this Wood by a Swine-herd , and slaine in revenge of his Lord , whom Sigebert had murdered . ( 5 ) The ancient people in the Romans time were the Regni of whom we have spoken , and who were subdued by Vespasian the Leader of the second Legion under Aulus Plautius , Lieutenant in Britaine for Claudius the Emperour . But after the departure of the Romans , this with Surrey was made the South-Saxons Kingdom : yet that giving place to the West-Saxons , as they in time to the Normans , it became a Province under the Conquerours power , who gave to his followers much land in these parts . ( 6 ) The place of most account in this Shire is Chichester , by the Britaine 's called Caercei , and by the Saxons Cissan-Ceasr , a Citie beautifull and large , and very well walled about , first built by Cissa the second King of the South-Saxons , wherein his Royall Palace was kept . And when K. William the first had enacted that Bishops Seas should be translated out of small Townes unto places of greater resort , the Residence of the Bishop ( untill then held at Selsey ) was removed to this Citie , where Bishop Raulfe began a most goodly Cathedrall Church : but before it was fully finished , by a sudden mischance of fire was quite consumed . Yet the same Bishop , with the helping liberalitie of King Henry the first , began it again , and saw it wholly finished ; whose beauty and greatnes her fatall enemy still envying , againe cast downe in the dayes of King Richard the first , and by her raging flames consumed the buildings both of it and the Bishops Palace adjoyning , which Seffrid the second Bishop of that name reedified and built anew . And now to augment the honour of this place , the Citie hath born the Title of an Earldome ; whereof they of Arundell were sometimes so stiled . Whose Graduation for Latitude , is removed from the Equator unto the degree fiftie , fiftie five minutes ; and for Longitude , observing the same point in the West , whence Mercator hath measured , are twentie degrees . ( 7 ) With whom for frequencie , bignesse , and building , the Towne Lewes seemeth to contend , where King Athelstan appointed the mintage of his Moneyes , and William de Warron built a strong Castle , whereunto the disloyall Barons of King Henry the third in warlike manner resorted , and fought a great Battle against their own Soveraigne and his sonne , wherein the King had his horse slaine under him , Richard King of the Romans surprized and taken in a Wind-mill , and Prince Edward delivered unto them upon unequall conditions of Peace : But a greater Battle was fought at Battle , when the hazard of England was tried in one dayes sight , and Harold the King gave place to his Conquerour by losing of his life , among sixtie seven thousand , nine hundred seventie foure Englishmen besides ; whose blood so spilt , gave name to the place , in French , Sanguelac . And the soyle naturally after raine becomming of a reddish colour , caused William of Newbery untruly to write , That if there fell any small sweet showers in the place , where so great a slaughter of the Englishmen was made , presently sweateth forth very fresh blood out of the carth , as if the evidence thereof did plainely declare the voice of blood there shed , and cryed still from the earth unto the Lord. ( 8 ) But places of other note in this Shire are these : From Basham Earle Harold taking the Sea for his delight , in a small boat was driven upon the coast of Normandie , where by Duke William he was retained , till he had sworne to make him King after Edward Confessors death ; which oath being broken ; the Bastard arrived at Pensey , and with his sword revenged that Periurie . At West-Wittering also Ella the Saxon before him had landed for the conquering of those parts , and gave name to the shore from Cimen his son . But with greater glory doth Gromebridge raise up her head , where Charles Duke of Orleance father to Lewes the twelfth , King of France , taken prisoner at Agincourt , was there a long time detained . ( 9 ) The commodities of this Province are many and divers , both in Corn , Cattell , Woods , Iron , & Glasse ; which two last , as they bring great gaine to their Possessors , so doe they impoverish the Countie of Woods ; whose want will be found in ages to come , if not at this present in some sort felt . ( 10 ) Great have been the devotions of Religious persons in building and consecrating many houses unto the use and only service of Christ ; whose Bead men abusing the intents of their Founders , have caused those foundations to lament their own ruines : for in the tempestuous time of King Henry the Eight , eighteene of them in this Countie were blowne down , whose fruit fell into the lappes of some that never meant to restore them again to the like use . This Country is principally divided into six Rapes , every of them containing a River , a Castle , and Forrest in themselves , besides the severall Hundreds whereunto they are parted , that is , the Rape of Chichester into seven , of Arundell into five , of Bramber into ten , of Lewes into thirteene , of Peuensey into seventeene , and of Haslings into thirteene , in all fiftie six , wherein are seated ten Castles , eighteene market Towns , and three hundred and twelve Parish Churches as in the Table following appeareth . map of Sussex SUSSEX Described and divided into Rapes with the fi●sation of Chichester the cheife citie thereof . And the armes of such Nobles as have bene dignified with the title of Earles since the conquest and other accidents therein observed . Hundreds and Rapes in SVSSEX . Chichester Rape . 〈…〉 hund . 〈…〉 hund . Dump or hund . 〈…〉 Manbou● 〈◊〉 Bex and 〈…〉 hundred . Al●weck hund . Arundel Rape . West A 〈…〉 Botherbridge 〈◊〉 P●ling 〈◊〉 〈…〉 Bary 〈◊〉 Bramber Rape . West 〈◊〉 hund . 〈…〉 hund . 〈◊〉 hund . 〈◊〉 hund . 〈…〉 〈…〉 Fishe●gat● hund . Tipnoke hund . 〈…〉 hund . S●ingle●●●sse hund . Lewes Rape . Bark●●● and Hamsey 〈◊〉 S 〈…〉 H 〈…〉 I 〈…〉 U 〈…〉 H 〈…〉 F 〈…〉 P 〈…〉 Battinghill North hund . Battinghill South hund . Wyncham hund . 〈◊〉 North part . Streat South part . Peuensey Rape . East gri●●te● hund . H 〈◊〉 hund . Rutherfield hund . Fox●●ald Kings hund . Tinfield and Bucklie hun . Ringomer hund . I●field hund . Rushmonden hund . Danchill horste● hund . Danchill Sheffeild hund . Sheplake hund . Dill hund . Longbri●ge hund . Willington hund . Eastborne hund . Alsiston hund . Flexborow hund . Hastings Rape . Foxenall hund . D●nill hund . Shewswell hund . Goldespure hund . Staple hund . Hanksborough hund . Nethersfeild hund . Boxhill hund . Ba●sloc hund . Gestling hund . Gostrowe hund . Nenvill hund . Henhurst hund . A ADrington , Arund . Alberton , Bramb . Alborne , Bramb . Adingborone , Chich. Adrington , ●ewes . Almanington , Chich. Aldfrisian P●u●n . Alsiston , Peuen . Amberlie , Arund . Amersham , Chich. Angleton , Lewes . Angmering West . Arund . Angmering East . Arund . Angton , Arund . Anstye , Lewes . Apoledrum , Chich. Apsl●y , Bramb . Ardingleigh , Lexes Arundell forrest . Arund . ARVNDEL , Arund . Arundel flu . Ashburnham , Hast. Ashefeuld , Arund . Athurst , Bramb . Assington , bramb . Aylworth , chich . B Badw●rth parke , Arun. Balcombe , L●w●● . Balesd●ane , lewes . Balteslow Beacon hast . Barcombe , lewes . Barlavington , arund . Barlugh arche● , lewes . Barnham , arund . BATTLE , hast . Bayles Court , arund . The Beach , peuen. Beawbush . bramb . Beckley , hast Bedingham , peuen. Bedingstreat , bramb . Bentley , peuen. Bepton , Chich. Bersted South . chich . Bersted North , chich . Berwyke , peuen. Bexill , hast . Bidlington , bramb . Bigmo●e , arund . Bignor , arund . Billinghurst , arund . Bilson , arund . Binderton , chich . Binsted , arund . Bishophurst , bramb . Blackdow Beacon , chich . Blackhouse , peuen. Blackston , bramb . Bletchington , lewes . Bletchington , peuen. Bogner ●ocks chich . Bodgiham , hast . Bolbroke , peuen. Bolney , le●es . Bony●k , bramb . Borcham Chapp●ll , hast . Bormer , lewes . Borsill , hast . Borstye , lewes . Boscham , chich . Bosgrav● chich . Bowes , bramb . Bowley , chich . Bramber , bramb . Bramble , peuen. Brantsnap , lewes . Breed , hast . Brightling , hast . BRIGHTLL , MERSTON ▪ H. Broadwater , bramb . Brodhill ▪ lewes . Brodhurst ▪ peuen. Bromehill church decaied , H. Broncham , hast . The Broile , peuen. Broylehoe , peuen. Buckingham , bramb . Brucksmale , hast . Buckhole , hast . Buckhurst , peuen. Bucksted ▪ peuen. Buckstepe , hast . Budditon , chich . Bugsill , hast . Bulverhyth , hast . Burdham , chi●h . Burpham , arund . Burton , arund . Burton West . arund . Burwash b●acon , Ha. Burwash , hast . Bu●y , arund . Busham , arund . Beshopston , peuen. Buttolphe , bramb . Byne , bramb . Byworth , arund . C Cackham , Chich. Camber head , hast . Camber castle . hast . Camber Salles , hast . Cansw●y , arund . Cardford , arund . Catesfield , hast . Catestret , peuen. Cawdershaw , arund . Celsey , chich . Celsey Peninsu , chic . Chameis court . lewes . Changton , bram . North Chappell , arund . Charleton , chich . Chaunton ▪ peuen. Chayligh , lewes . Chelworth ▪ bram . CHICHESTER , C. Chilgrove , chich . Chiltington , bramb , Chiltington , lewes . Chitthan , peuen. Chithurst , chich . Chittingle , peu . Chydham , chich . Clapham , arund . Clapham , bramb . Claverham , peuen. Clayton , lewes . Cli●●e , peuen. Climping , arund . Coate● , arund . Cocking , chich . Coldwatham , arun . Coleworth , chich . Combed , peuen. Combes , bramb . Compton , chich . Covewald , bram . Cowding ▪ hast . Cowdry , chich . Crabbet , lewes . Crawhurst , hast . Crawley ▪ lewes . Crawle , hast . Crocksted , peuen. Cromble pond , peuen. Crowborow , hill . peu . Cuckfeild , lewes . Cuckine●e haven , peuen. Churlington , chich . D Dallington , hast . Dalingrig , peuen. Dallington forrest , hast . Dallington , hast . Danny , lewes . Darum wood , hast . Deane East , peuen. Deane West , chich . Deane East , chich . Deane West , peuen. Delsham , bramb . Dento , peuen. DICHELING , le . Didlesford , arund . Didling , chich . Downe forrest , peuen. Dounly , chich . Downton , arund . Drayton , chich . Drungwick , arund . Dunhurst , arund . Dunnington , ●hich . Duddleswell , peuen. Dumpford , chich . Durrington , bramb . Dyke , Peuen . E Eartham , chich . Eastergate , arund . Easton , chich . Eawood , hast . Eborne , chich . EBOVRN ▪ peu . Edburton , bramb . Ellsted , chich . Emley , chich . Emsworth , chich . Eustons , hast . Eridge hast . Eridge , peuen. Eringham , bramb . Erlington , peuen. Erule , chich . Estborne , chich . Etons , bramb . Etchingfold , bramb . Exc●●e , peuens . Ey●s , lewes . F Ferat , peuen. Farnechurst , chich . Farre , arund . Fawmer , lewes . Fawhurst , bramb . Fawhurst , hast . Fawhurst , lewes . Fayrliegh , hast . Felpham , arund . Fernden , chich . Ferring , arund . Findon , bramb . Fithborne , chich . Fitleworth , arund . Flansham , arund . Fletching , peuen. Flymwell , hast . Forde , arund . Foundington , chich . Foynton , peuen. Framfeild , peuen. Franchis , hast . Friston , peuen. Frogfurle , peuen. Furle , peuen. G Gatewike , bramb . Gate , hast . G●stling , hast . Glasenouse , arund . Glatting , arund . Glyne , peuen. Goodwood , chi●h . Goreing , arund . Greatham , arund . Greneley , peuen. Grasham , chich . Grantye , lewes . Greene , arund . GRINSTEAD East , peu . Grinstead , bram . Grombridge peuen. Gulford , hast . H Hadhurst , lewes . Halneck , chich . Hampnet West , chich . Hampnet East . chich . Hampton , arund . Hamsey , lewes . Hamsill bridge , peu . Handerose . bramb . Hardham , arund . Hardley beacon . peuen. Harlings , peuen. Harmar , hast . Hartfeild , peuen. Harting West , chich . Harting South , chich . Harting East , chich . Harting parke , chich . HASTINGS , hast . Hastings , haven , hast . New Haven , peuen. Haughton , arund . Haule land , peuen. Hawkwood , hast . HAYLSHAM , peu . Hayshort , chich . Hayton , peuen. Heathfeild , peuen. Heene , bramb . Heild , bramb . Hellingle , peuen. Hemsted , peuen. Henfeild , bramb . Herringham , arund . Hicksted , lewes Highdown , arund . Hoadleigh , lewes . Hoadly East , peuen. Hollington , hast . Holmidale , peuen. Holmsted , lewes . Holmewood , lewes . Homons , lewes . Hoo , hast . Hoove , lewes . Horne●r●sse , arund . HORSHAM , bra . Heasted C●aym , peuen. Horsted little , peuen. Hotton , bramb . Howcourt , bramb . Howicke , arund . Hunston , arund . Hunston , arund . Hurst , arund . Hurst perpoint , lewes . Hurstmonseu● , hast Hyndall , peuen Hyncleap peuen. I Iapton , arund . Ibernowe , arund . Ichnor West , chich . Ichnor East . chich . Icketham , hast . Iden , hast . Iemington , peuen. Ifeild , bramb . Ifeild Court , bram . Iss●●ld , lewes . Iso●d , lewes . Il●ham , arund . Immer●●urne , peuen. Isting , chich . Itchiah●●n , hast . K Kent ditch , hast . Kenward , lewes . Kingston , lewes . Kingston , arund . Kingston , bramb . Kn●pp Castle , bram . Kymer , lewes . L Laborey , peuen. Langn●y peuen. Lavantsia . Lavant East , chich . Lavant West , chich . Laughton peuen. Laughton , peuen. Launsing North , bram . Launsing South , bram . Laythorne , chich . Leckford bridge chi . Le● , arund . S. Leonards , bramb . S. Leonards forrest , bram . Leugnerth● , chich . LEWES , lewes . Linch●mere , chich . Lindfi●ld draches , lewes . Landfield bardo●e , lewes . Littleton , arund . Lodesworth , chich . Loefield borrow , lewes . Lording● , arund . Lovell Crosse , lewes . Loxwood , arund . Ludley , peuen. Ludsham , peuen. S. Lukes . chich . Lurgershalt , chich . Lychouse , lewes . Lydsey , chich . Lymister , arund . Lythe chap. chich . Lyttle , arund . M The Manhode , chich . Marieposte , bramb . Marsfield , peuen. Marshall , peuen. Mawling , peuen. Maxfi●ld , hast . Maydhurst , arund . Mayes , peuen. Mayfield , puen . Meadhond parke . arund . M●rden E●●● , chich . Me●den ●pper , chich M●rden West , chich . M●rden North. chich . M●rch , hast . Ma●s●on , chich . Michelham , peuen. Michelham 〈◊〉 , arun . Mich●lg●●ve , arund Miching lewes . Middl●ton , peuen. Middleton , arund . MIDHVRST , chich Midlavant , chich . More , arund . Morchale , hast . Monscombe lewes Mountharry , lewes . 〈◊〉 , hast . Mundham North , chich . Mundham South , chich Mychelham , peuen. Myll-place , lewes . N Nash , bramb . Neland , lewes . Neafeild , hast . Netherf●ild , hast . Newbridge , arund . Newicke , lewes . N●wndparke , peuen Newtimber , lewes . North Chappell , arund Northwood , arund . Nordy Chappel , hast . Nordiham , hast . Nottington , peuen. Norton , peuen. Nutborne , arund . Nutborne , chich . 〈◊〉 , bramb . Nutley , peuen. O 〈◊〉 , arund . Ossington , bramb . Okehurst , a●u●d . Oldbury , chich . Ovingdeane , lewes . Oute , hast . O●rmo●th , chich . Ow●ing , chich . P Pagh●m , chich . Pamell bridge , hast ▪ Pangden , lewes . Parham , arund . New Parke , peu . Pashley , hast . Patcham , lewes . Patching , bramb . Patcham , arund . Paines , lewes . Pearching , lewes . Peasmershe , hast . The Pell , hast . Pemsey , peu●n . Pemsey haven , peu Penhurst , hast . Pepplesham , hast . Peppering , arund . Petley wood , hast . Pert , hast . PE●WORTH , A. Peu●nsey mershe , P. Piddinghoe , lewes . P●gions , arund . Playstoe , chich . Playstowe Chap. arund . Pleaden , hast . Pleshet parke , peuen. Plumpton , lewes . Poling , arund . Poonings , lewe● . Popholl , chich . Porteslade , lewes . Pownsey , peuen. Preston , lewes . Preston , chich . Priests Hawes , peuen. Preston , ●●st , arund . P●lb●r●u●h , arund . Pycombe , lewes . Pippenford , peuen. R Racton , chich . Radmill , lewes Rallingdeane , lewes . Ratten , peuen. R●umer , chich . Ringmer ▪ peuen. Ripe , peuen. River , chich . River parke , chich . Rogate , chich . S. Rookes hill , chich . Rossey , bramb . Rother flu . Rother bridge al●b●y . ha . Rother bridge , hast . Rotherfeild , peuen. Rotterbridg● , arund . Rowdell , bramb . Rowdant . lewes . RYL , hast . Rudwyke , arund . Runckton , chi●h . Rusper , bramb . Russington , arund . S Sand , arund . Salehurst , hast . Salomons bridge , C. Schelley , bramb . Seall , bramb . Seaford , bram . Sedl●scombe , lewes . S●dwick , bram . S●lham , chich . Selhurst , chich . S●lmeston , peuen. Selscombe , hast . S●dd●●ham , chich . Sidly , hast . Singleton , chich . S●sl●bury hill , bram . Shesfeild , peuen. Shelbred , chich . Shermanbury , bram . Shilling parke , arund . Shipley , bramb . SHOREHAM NEWE , b Shorcham old bramb . Shortfeild , bramb . Shripney , chich . Shullington , arund . Sidly , hast . Slaugham lewes . Slindon , arund . Slowhouse , lewes . The Sluce , hast . The Sluce , arund . Slynford , bram . Smythawe , arund . Snowring , bram . Socknyes , hast . South , pe●e● . Southes , lewes . Sout●brooke , bramb . Southgate , chich . Southover , lewes . Southweeke , bramb Soweton , peuen. Stamerham , bramb . Stanmer lewes . Stansted , chich . Stapley beacon , hast . Stedham chich . STENNINO , bra . Stoake West , chich . Stocke North , arund . Stocke South , arund . Stockey hill , peuen. Stoneham , peuen. Stonelinck , hast . Stonland parke peuen. Stopham bridge , arund . Stopham , arund . Storrington arund . Stotover , chich . St●ughton , chich . 〈◊〉 lewes . 〈◊〉 Bramb . 〈◊〉 chich . Sult●n , arund . Sutton , peuen. 〈◊〉 lewes . Sydny , lewes . T Tablehurst , peuen. Tangmer , chich . Te●●combe ▪ lewes . Te●ring , peuen. TERRING , bram . 〈◊〉 lewes . T●●●ngton , arund . T●●hurst , hast . Thakam , bramb . Themens , arund . Thorney I●e , chich . Thorney , chich . Tortington , arund . Torton , arund . Tottington , bramb . Tottington , arund . Tratton , chich . Tr●fort chich . Truly , bramb . Turwick , chich . Tustons , hast . Twin●ham , lewes . Tyes , lewes . V V●●feild , peuen. Vdym●re , hast . Vertwood , peuen. Vpwaltham , arund . W Wad●hurst , peuen. Wakehurst , lewes . Walberton arund . Walderne , peuen. Walderton , chi●h . Walchech , peuen. Waltham , chich . Wamingore , lewes . Wapingh●r , ●ramb . Wapsburne , lewes . Wa●bleton , hast . Warminghurst br● . Warmingcampe , ar● . Warnham , bram . Wartling , hast . Wasshinton , bramb . Water downe Forrest , peu . Waynway channell hast . Weeke , arund . Wellingham , Peu . Wepham , arund . Westborne , chich . Westergate , chich . Westerton , chich . Westfeild , hast . Westgate , chich . Westham , peuen. Westmiston , lewes . Westwolves , bramb . Whilde● , lewes . Whiteden , peuen. Wickham , bramb . Wiggenhoult , arund Wigsill , hast . Willington , peuen. Willington , peuen. Winchelsey old , hast . WINCHELSEY , H. Windeham . bramb . Winton , peuen. Wiston , bramb . Wittering West , chich Wittering East , chich . Wivelsfeild , lewes . Wodmancote , bram . Wogham , lewes . Wolbeding , chich . Wollavington , arun . Worsham , hast . Worth Forrest , lewes . Worth , lewes . Worting , bramb . Wotton , peuen. Wotton , lewes . Wulbow , lewes . Wyke , chich . Wylie , peuen. Wythyham , peuen. SVRREY . CHAPTER VI. SURREY , by Beda called Suthry and by the Saxons written Suðrea , lyeth separated upon the North from the Counties of Buckingham and Middlesex , by the great River Thamesis ; upon the East Kent doth inbound it ; upon the South is held in with Sussex and Hampshire : and her West part is bordered upon by Hampshire and Bark-shire . ( 2 ) The forme thereof is somewhat square , and lyeth by North and by East , whereof Redrith and Frensham are the opposites , betwixt whom are extended thirty foure miles . The broadest part is from Awfold Southward , to Thamesis by Staines , and them asunder twenty two : the whole in circumference is one hundred and twelve miles . ( 3 ) The Heavens breathing ayre in this Shire is most sweet and delectable , so that for the same cause many royall Palaces of our Princes are therein seated , and the Countrey better stored with game then with graine , in so much that this County is by some men compared unto a home-spunne freeze cloth , with a costly faire lift , for that the out-verge doth exceed the middle it selfe . And yet is it wealthy enough both in Corne and Pasturage , especially in Holmesdale , and towards the River of Thamisis . ( 4 ) In this Shire the Regni ( an ancient people mentioned by Ptolemie ) were seated , whom he brancheth further thorow Sussex and some part of Hampshire . And in the wane of the Romanes government , when the Land was left to the will of Invaders , the South-Saxons under Ella here erected their Kingdome , which with the first was raised , and soonest found end . From them no doubt the Countie was named Suth-rey , as seated upon the South of the River ; and now by contraction is called Surrey . ( 5 ) And albeit the County is barren of Cities or Townes of great estate , yet is she stored with many Princely houses , yea & five of his Majesties , so magnificently built , that of some she may well say , no Shire hath none such , as is None-such indeed . And were not Richmond a fatall place of Englands best Princes , it might in esteem be ranked with the richest : for therein died the great Conqueror of France , King Edward the third , the beautifull Anne daughter to Charles the Fourth , Emperour , and intirely beloved wife to King Richard the Second ; the most wise Prince King Henry the Seventh , and the rarest of her Sexe , the mirrour of Princes , Queene Elizabeth , the worlds love , and Subjects joy . ( 6 ) At Merton likewise Kenulph King of the West-Saxons came to his untimely end : and at Lambeth the hardie Canute , and last of the Danish Kings , died among his Cups . But as these places were fatall for the last breath of these Princes , so other in this County have beene graced with the body and beginning of other worthy Monarkes : for in Chertsey Abbey King Henry the Sixth , who was deposed and made away in the Tower of London , was first interred without all funerall pompe , but for his holy life was imputed a Saint , and lastly translated , and intombed at Windsor . At Kingstone likewise stood the Chaire of Majestie , wherein Athelstan , Edwin , and Ethelred sate at their Coronation , and first received their Scepter of Imperiall power . Guildford likewise hath been farre greater then now it is , when the Palace of our English Saxon Kings was therein set . And seeing it is the midst of the Shire , the graduation from hence shall be observed , where for Latitude the Pole is raised from the degree 51.22 . scruples : and her Longitude from the West in the degree 20. and 2. scruples . ( 7 ) Neither can we account Okam and Ripley , two small villages , the least in this Shire , which have brought forth the well-known men , William de Okam , that deepe Philosopher and admirable Scholar , and George de Ripley , the ring-leader of our Alchymists and mysticall Impostors ; both of them borne in this County , and very neere together . But why speak I of these , sith a place neerer to sight , and greater for fame , even Lambeth , is the high Seat of Ecclesiasticall Government , Piety , & Learning , and Palace of Canterburies Archbishops , the Metropolitans of England . First erected by Arch-bishop Baldwin , and ever since hath been the residing of al those worthy Prelates of our Church , who in a long succession ( even from An. 596. ) have continued to him that now most worthily sits at the Churches sterne , George by Gods providence Lord Arch-bishop of that See , a most faithfull and prudent Counsellor unto King Charles , and a most learned and provident Guide of our most flourishing Church : whose gracious favour undeservedly conferred upon me , hath been a great encouragement to these my poore endevours . ( 8 ) Memorable places for Battles fought before the Conquest , were Wembledon , where ( when the fulnesse of prosperitie burst forth into Civill Dissentions among the Saxons ) a bloudy Battle was fought betwixt Cheaulin the West-Saxon , and young Ethelbert of Kent , wherein he was discomfited , and two of his principall Leaders slaine , about the yeere of Christ , 560. and three hundred thirtie three yeers after , King Elfred with a small power overcame the Danes with a great slaughter at Farnham in this Countie , which somewhat quelled the courage of his savage enemie . ( 9 ) Religious houses erected in this Shire by the devotion of Princes , and set apart from publike uses to Gods Divine Service , and their owne Salvation , as then was taught , the best in account were Shene , Chertsey , Merton , Newarke , Rygate , Waverley , Horsleg ; and in Southwarke , Bermundsey , and S. Maries . These all flourished with increase , till the ripenesse of their fruit was so pleasing in sight and taste unto King Henry the Eighth , that in beating the boughes he brake downe body and all , ruinating those houses , and seising their rich possessions into his own hands . So jealous is God of his honour ▪ and so great vengeance followeth the sinne of Idolatrie . ( 10 ) In this Shire have stood eight faire and strong Castles : such were Addington , Darking , Starburg , Rygate , Guilford , Farnham , Goseford , and Brenchingley : but of greater State are Oking , Otlands , Non-such , and Richmond , his Majesties royall Mannors . And for service to the Crowne or Common-wealths imployments , this Counties division is into thirteene Hundreds , wherein are seated eight Market-towns , and one hundred and fortie Parish-Churches , as in the Table following is inserted . map of Surrey SURREY DESCRIBED AND DIVIDED INTO HUNDREDS HVNDREDS IN SURREY . 1. CHertsey . 2. Woking . 3. Fernham . 4. Godalming . 5. Emley . 6. Kingston . 7. Brixton . 8. Croydon . 9. Tanridge . 10. Reygate . 11. Copthorne . 12. Darking . 13. Blackheath . A Abinger , Dark . Abroke , Emley . Abscourt , Emley . Addington , Croydon . Adleston , Chert . Adscombe , Croydon . Albury , Black. S. Annes Hill , Chert . Anuvall , Fern. Artingten , Godal . Ashe , Woking . Ashted , Copthorne . Awford , Black. B Badshott , Fern. Bagshott , Woking . Bansted Croydon . Barne , Brix . Barnelmes , Brixt. Basingstone , Woking . Battersey , Brixt. Baynard● , Black. Beachw●r●h West , Darking . Beachworth East , Reyg . Bedi●gton , Croydon . Binscombe , Godalm . Bisley , Chert . Bishops Court , Tanr. Blackheath , Woking . Bletching Forrein , Tanr. Bletchingleigh , Tanr. Block●ield , Tanr. Bokham great . Copthorne . Bokham little Copthorne . Bradley , VVoking . Bramley , Black. Brookham , Reyg . Brookwood , Woking . Buckham lane , Chert . Buckland , Reyg . Burgate , Godal . Burghouse , Copth. Burphants , Woking . Burstow , Reyg . Burstow Par●e , Tanr. Burstow lodge . Tanr. Byflet , Chert . C Camerwell , Brixt. Capell , Dark Carshalton , Croydon . Caterham , Tanr. Cattershull , Godal . Cawswaye , Dark . Chaldon , Croydon . Charte , Fern. Chartwood , Reyg . Cheame , Croydon . Chellsham , Tanr. Chergworth , Emley . Chertsey , Chert . Chesyington , Copth. Chiddingfold , Godal . Chilworth , Black. Chipsteed , Reyg . Cleagate , Kingstone . Clandon West , VVoking . Clandon East , VVoking . Clapham , Brixt. Cobham , Emley . Cobham , Chert . Cobham streat , Emley . Combe Parke , Brix . Combe Nevill , King. Cookham little , Cop. Cookham great , Cop. Colley , Reyg . Compton , Fern. Compton , Godal . Consford , Black. Cranley , Black. Crowhurst , Tanr. CROYDON , Croyd. Culsdon , Croyd. D DARKING , Darking . Deddington , Croyd. Dovers , Reyg . Dulwich , Brix . Dunsfold , Black. Dytton thames , Kingst . Dytton long . Kingst . E Ebbesham , Cop. Ebbesham Court. Cop. Effingham , Cop. Egham , Chert . Elsted , Fern. Embhams , Godal . Enton , Godal . Esher , Emley . Esher parke , Emley . Eshing , Godal . Ewell , Cop. Ewhurst , Black. Eywood , Dark . F Farley , Tanr. Farnecome , Godal . FARNEHAM , Fern. Fawell , Cop. Fetcham , Cop. Flanchford , Reyg . Frensham , Fern. Frimley , Chert . G Gatton , Reyg . S. George Hill , Emley . Glashouse , Black. GODALMING , Co. Godstone , Tan. Goldwhurd , Tan. GVILDFORD , Wok. Guildford Manour . Woking . Gumshall , Black. H Hackstall , Tan. Haling , Croydon . Ham , Reyg . Hambledon , Godal . Hamhaw , Chert . Hartmere , Godal . Hascombe , Black. Hasilmere , Godal . Hatcham , Brixt. Haw , Dark . Hedley , Cop. Henley Parke , Woking . Hindhead , Godal . Hodg Court , Tan. Holmbury , Black. Holwoodborow , Dar. Horley , Reyg . Horstell , Chert , Horsley West , Woking . Horsley East , Woking . Horton , Cop. Hourne , Tan. K Katerham , Tan. Katern hill , VVoking . Kennington , Brix . Kewe , Kingst . Kings hill , Brix . KINGSTONE upon Thames , King. Kingfield , Tan. Knole , Black. Kynnersley , Reyg . L Lagham , Tan. Lambeith , Brix . Lambeith deane , Brix . Lambeith marsh , Brix . Lathesley , Godal . Laystrete , Reyg . Leighe , Reyg . Leth , Dark . Letherhead , Cop. Lingfield , Tan. Lingfield strete , Reyg . Littleton , Godal . Loxley , Black. Limsfield , Tan. M Malden , King. Martin Nevill Brix . Martins on the hill , Black. Mayfort , Woking . Merrowe , Woking . Merstham , Reyg . Mickleham , Copt . Milton , Dark . Mitcham , Croydon . Molsey West , Emley . Molsey East , King. Morden , Croydon . Morden , Tan. Morehouse , Fern. Mortclacke , Brix . Mounsted , Black. Mylford , Godal . N Newarke , Woking . Newchappell , Tan. Newington , Brix . Newlodge , Chert . Non-such , Croydon . Norbury , Cop. Nore , Black. Nudigate , Reyg . Nuttfield , Reyg . O Ockham , Woking . Ockley , Dark . Ognersh , Black. Okeley , Dark . Okested , Tan. Okewood , Black. Otlands , Emley . Oxenford , Godal . P Peckham , Brix . Pecham Rye , Brix . Pensgreene , Brix . Pepperharrow , Godal . Pettersham , King. Pirford , Chert . Pittfall , Godal . Polsdon , Cop. Polsted , Godal . Pophole , Godal . Potnol , Chert . Poundhill , Tan. Poyle , Fern. Preston , Cop. Purbright , Woking . Purtenham , Godal . Putney , Brix . R Redrith , Brixt. REYGATE , Reyg . Reygato Foren , Reyg . Reygate Church , Reyg . Richmond , Kingst . Ripleyff , Wok. Robarns , Wok. Rowhampton , Brix . Runfold , Fern. Runwick alias Dipnel , Fern. S Sanderste , Croydon . Salton upon Thamesis . Emley . Salton on the hill , Cop. Sansted , Cop. Scotsland , Black. Scale , Fern. Send , Wok Shakleford , Godal . Shalford , Black. Shellwood , Reyg . Shere , Black. Shipley bridge , Tan. Shipley bridge , Reyg . Shooland , Godal . Shotover mill , Godal . Shine , King. Shine East , Brix . Sidlum , Reyg . Slyfield , Cop. Smalefield , Tan. South Parke , Tan. SOVTHWARKE , Brixt. Stanesborne , King. Starburg , Tan. Stenestreete , Dark . Stockwell , Brix . Stoke , Woking . Stoke dauborne , Emley . Stowghton , Wok , Stretham , Brix . Stroud , Chert . Sutton , Croydon . Sydney , Black , T Tadwort , Cop. Talworth Court , King. Tangley , Black. Tanridge , Tan. Tatesfield , Tan. Temple Dar. Thorpe , Chert . Thursley , Godal . Tilford , Fern. Titting , Woking . Tittesley , Tan. Tongham , Fern. Towting graveney , Brix . Towting becke . Brix . Trotworth , Chert . V Vachery , Black. Vnsted , Black. W Walkamsted , Tan. Wallington , Croydon . Walton , Cop. Walton , Emley . Walworth , Brix . Wanborow , Woking . Wansworth , Brix . Warlingham , Tan. Warmingfold , Black. Waverley , Fern. Waybridge , Emley . Wescot , Dark . Weston , Black. Westwood , Woking . Wheler streete , Godal . Whitley , Godal . Wiggy , Reyg . The Wild , Godal . Willmore pound , Cop. Willy , Reyg . Wimbledon , Brix . Windlesham , Woking . Winsham , Chert . Wisley , Chert . Witley , Godal . Wodham , Chert . Wodham lane , Chert . Woking , Woking . Woocote , Croyd. Woodcocke bride , Tan. Woodhatch , Reyg . Woodmanstone , Croyd. Wooldingham , Tan. Worplesdon , Woking . Worplesdon , Woking . Wotton , Dark . Wrecklesham , Fern. Wyke , Woking . HANT-SHIRE , by the Saxons written Handeschyr , lying upon the West of England , is bordered upon the North by Barke-shire , upon the East with Surrey and Sussex , upon the South with the British Seas , and I le of Wight , and upon the West with Dorset and Wilt-shire . ( 2 ) The length thereof from Blackwater in the North upon Surrey , unto Bascomb in the South upon the Sea , extended in a right line , is fifty foure English miles : and the bredth drawn from Petersfield in the East , unto Tidworth in the West , and confines of Wilt-shire , is little lesse then thirty miles , the whole circumference about an hundred fifty five miles . ( 3 ) The Ayre is temperate , though somewhat thicke by reason of the Seas , and the many Rivers that thorow the Shire doe fall , whose plentie of fish and fruitfull increase , doe manifoldly redeeme the harmes which they make . ( 4 ) The Soile is rich for Corne and Cattle , pleasant for pasturage , and plenteous for Woods ; in a word , in all commodities either for Sea or Land , blessed and happy . ( 5 ) Havens it hath , and those commodious both to let in , and to loose out ships of great burthen in trade of Merchandize , or other imployments : whereof Portsmouth , Tichfield , Hamble , and South-hampton are chiefe : besides many other creekes that open their bosomes into those Seas , and the Coast strengthned with many strong Castles , such as Hurst , Calshot , South-hampton , Saint Andrewes , Worth , Porchester , and the South Castle , besides other Bulwarkes , or Block-houses that secure the Countrey : And further in the Land , as Malwood , Winchester , and Odiam , so strong , that in the time of King Iohn , thirteene English-men only defended the Fort for fifteene dayes against Lewis of France , that with a great Hoast assaulted it most hotly . ( 6 ) Anciently it was possest upon the North by the Segontians , who yeelded themselves to Iulius Caesar , and whose chiefe City was Vindonum , Caer Segonte , now Silcest●r ; and upon the South by the Belgae , and Regni , who were subdued by Plantius and Vespasian the Romans , where Titus rescuing his father , straitly besieged by the Britaines , as Dio and Forcatulus doe report , was grasped about with an Adder , but no hurt to his person , and therefore taken for a signe of good luck . Their chiefe Town was Rincewood , as yet sounding the name : and more within Land inhabited the Manures , as Beda calles them , whose Hundreds also to this day give a relish of their names . ( 7 ) Neere Ringwood , and the place once YTENE , from God and peoples service , to Beast and luxury , thirty-six Parish-Churches were converted and pulled downe by the Conquerour , and thirty miles of circuite inforrested for his Game of Hunting , wherein his sonnes , Richard and Rufus , with Henry the second sonne to Duke Robert , his first , felt by hasty death the hand of Iustice and Revenge : for in the same Forrest , Richard by a blasting of a pestilent aire , Rufus by a shot taken for a Beast , and Henry as Absalom , hanged by a bough , came to their untimely ends . At so deare a rate the pleasures of dogs , and harbour for beasts were bought in the blood of these Princes . ( 8 ) The generall commodities gotten in this Shire , are Woolles , Clothes and Iron , whereof great store is therein wrought from the Mines , and thence transported into all parts of this Realme , and their Clothes and Karsies carried into many forraine Countries to that Counties , great benefit , and Englands great praise . ( 9 ) The Trade thereof , with other provisions for the whole , are vented thorow eighteene Market-Townes in this Shire , whereof Winchester , the Britaines Caer Gwent , the Romans Venta Belgarum , and the Saxons Windaneasder is chiefe , ancient enough by our British Historians , as built by King Rudhudibras , nine hundred yeares before the Nativity of Christ : and famous in the Romans times for the weavings and embroderies therein wrought , to the peculiar uses of their Emperours owne persons . In the Saxons times , after two Calamities of consuming fire , her walles were raised , and the Citie made the Royall Seat of their West-Saxons Kings , and the Metropolitan of their Bishops See , wherein Egbert and Elfred their most famous Monarches were crowned : and Henry the third , the Normans longest raigner , first tooke breath : And here King Aethelstane erected six houses for his Mint : but the Danish desolation over-running all , this Citie felt their fury in the dayes of King Ethelbright , and in the Normans time , twice was defaced by the mis-fortune of fire , which they againe repaired and graced with the trust of keeping the publique Records of the Realme . In the civill Warres of Maud and Stephen , this City was sore sacked , but againe receiving breath , was by King Edward the third appointed the place for Mart of Wooll and Cloth. The Cathedrall Church built by Kenwolf , King of the West-Saxons , that had beene Amphibalus , Saint Peters , Swythins , and now holy Trinitie , is the Sanctuary for the ashes of many English Kings : for herein great Egbert , Anno 836. with his sonne King Ethelwolfe , 857. Here Elfred , Oxfords Founder , 901. with his Queene Elswith , 904. Here the first Edmund before the Conquest , 924. with his sonnes Elfred and Elsward : Here Edred , 955. and Edwy , 956. both Kings of England : Here Emm● , 1052. with her Danish Lord Canute , 1035. and his sonne Hardicanute , 1042. And here lastly the Normans , Richard and Rufus , 1100. were interred ; their bones by Bishop Fox were gathered and shrined in little guilt coffers fixed upon a wall in the Quire , where still they remaine carefully preserved . This Cities situation is fruitfull and pleasant , in a valley under hils , having her River on the East , and Castle on the West , the circuit of whose walls are well-neare two English miles , containing one thousand eight hundred and eighty paces ; thorow which openeth six gates for entrance , and therein are seven Churches for divine service , besides the Minster , and those decayed : such as Callendos , Ruell Chappell , Saint Maries Abbey , and the Fryers , without in the Suburbs , and So●ke ; in the East is Saint Peters , and in the North Hyde Church , and Monastery , whose ruines remaining , shew the beauty that form●tly it bare . The Graduation of this City by the Mathematicks , is placed for Latitude in the degree 51 , 10 minutes , and for Longitude 19 , 3 minutes . ( 10 ) More South , is South-hampton , a Towne populous , rich , and beautifull , from whom the whole Shire deriveth her name , most strongly walled about with square stone , containing in circuit , one thousand and two hundred paces , having seven Gates for entrance , and twenty-nine Towers for defence , two very stately Keyes for Ships arrivage , and five faire Churches for Gods Divine Service , besides an Hospitall , called Gods house , wherein the unfortunate Richard , Earle of Cambridge , beheaded for treason , lyeth interred . On the West of this Towne is mounted a most beautifull Castle , in forme Circular , and wall within wall , the foundation upon a hill so topped , that it cannot be ascended but by staires , carrying a goodly prospect both by Land and Sea , and in the East without the walles a goodly Church sometimes stood , called Saint Maries , which was pulled downe , for that it gave the French direction of course , who with fire had greatly endangered the Towne : In stead thereof , is now newly erected a small and unfinished Chappell . In this place ( saith learned Cambden ) stood the ancient Clausentium , or Fort of the Romans , whose circuit on that side extended it selfe to the Sea ▪ This suffered many depredations by the Saxon Pirats , and in Anno 980. was by the Danes almost quite overthrowne . In King Edward the thirds time , it was fired by the French , under the conduct of the King of Sicils sonne , whom a countrey-man encountred and strucke downe with his Club. Hee crying Rancon , that is , Ransoms , but hee neither understanding his language , nor the law that Armes doth allow , laid on more soundly , saying , I know thee a Frankon , and therefore shalt thou dye : And in Richard the seconds time it was somewhat removed , and built in the place where now it standeth . In this Clausentium , Canute to evict his flatterers , made triall of his Deity , commanding the Seas to keepe backe from his seat : but being not obeyed , he acknowledged God to be the only Supreme Governour , and in a religious devotion gave up his Crown to the Rood at Winchester . More ancient was Silcester , built by Constantius , great Constantines sonne , whose monument ( say they ) was seene in that City , and where another Constantine put on the purple Roabe against Honorius , as both Ninius and Gervase of Canterbury doe witnesse . Herein by onr Historians record , the warlike Arthur was crowned . Whose greatnesse for circuit contained no lesse then fourscore acres of ground , and the walles of great height , yet standing two miles in compasse about . This City by the Danish Rovers suffered such wrack , that her mounted tops were never since seene , and her Hulke ( the walls ) inmured to their middle in the earth , which the rubbish of her owne desolations hath filled . ( 11 ) Chiefe Religious houses within this Country erected , and againe suppressed were these , Christs-Church , Beaulieu , Wherwell , Rumsey , Redbridge , Winchester , Hyde , South-hampton and Tichfield . The honour of this Shire is dignified with the high Titles of Marques , and them Earles of Winchester and South-hampton ; whose Armes of Families are as thou seest , and her division into thirty seven Hundreds , and those againe into two hundred fifty three Parishes , as in her Table shall appeare . map of Hampshire HANTSHIRE described and devided . Hundreds in Hantshire . 1. Evinger . 2. Kingscleere . 3. Holshott . 4. Odiham . 5. Crundall . 6. Alton . 7. Barmanspit . 8. Chutley . 9. Basingstook . 10. Overton . 11. Pastrow . 12. Andevor . 13. Wherwell . 14. Micheldever . 15. Buntesborow . 16. Sutton . 17. Selborne . 18. Eastermeane . 19. Meanestoake , and Suberton . 20 Fawley . 21. Buddlesgate . 22. Kingsunborne . 23. Bartonstacy . 24. Thornegate . 25. Newforest . 26. Fordingbridge . 27. Ringwood . 28. Christ-Church . 29. Redbridge . 30. Waltham . 31. Mansbridge . 32. Tichfield . 33. Portsdown . 34. Portsmouth . Liberty . 35. Bosmere , and Hayling . 36. Fartham . 37. Finchdeane . A ABbots worthy , Michel . Abbots Ann , Andovor . Abboteston , Buntes . Abshot , Tichf. Aldershot , Crund. Alungton , Mansb. Allow-house , Christ. Altesford old . Fawley . ALRESFORD , Su. ALTON , Alton . Alwardstoake , Tichf. Amberlam , Ester . Amner Ferme , Hamble . Amport , Andevor . ANDEVOR , And. Anfeild , Mansb. S. Andrewes Castle , Man. Anport , And. Anne little , Wher . Appleshaw , And. Arnewood , Christch . Ashe , Overt . Ashely , Christch . Ashly , Kingsun . Ashmansworth , Evi . Ashton , Walth . Aven , Christch . Avington , Fawley . B Baddesley , Mansb. Badsle South , New. Baghurst , Eving . Baldoxsee , Redbr. Barmeston , Redbr. Barkley Kings , New. Baropey , Basing . Barrend , Michel . Harton Peverell , Mans. Bartonstacy , Barton . BASINGSTOOK , Basing . Bascombe , Christch . Basing , Basing . Batrumsly , New. Beacon , Newf. Beacon , Walth . Beamond , Ports . Beare , Budles . Beareweeke , Budl . Beare Forest , Portesd . Bearehouse , Ports . Beawley , New. Beaworth , Fawley . Beckam , Fording . Bedhampton , Ports . Bedham , Kings . Bensteed , Alton . Bentley Crund. Bentworth , Odiham . Berseldon , Tichfeild . Beriton , Finch . Bighton , Sutton . Bisterne , Ringwood . Bittern , Walth . Bisterene Barkley , Redbr. Bishopstoake , Fawl . Blacke Cliffe , Christ. Blackwater , Crund. Blendworth , Finch . Boldre , Newforest . Borocote , Mich. Borow Cleere , Eving . Bossington , Thorn. Botley , Mansb. Bowdeane , Ester . Boyate , Mansb. Bradley , Overt . Bradley , Barmans . Bramdeane , Sutt . Bramere , Fording . Bramley , Basing . Bramsbury , Budles . Bramsell , Hold. Bramshot , Crund. Bramshot , Alton . Brickton , Fording . Britaine Lee , Tichf. Brodlands , Redbr. Brokenhurst , New. Brooke , Kingsun . Broughton , Thorne . Browne Candaver , Bunts . Broxton , Alton . Buckholt Forest , Thorn. Buckland , Ports . Bullington , Wher . Bure , Christch . Burgate , Fording . Burghcleere , Eving . Burly , New. Buticourt , Alton . Burrant West , Ports . Burrant East , Ports . Burstlin , Walth . Burton , Christch . Burwell , Mean. Bushwaltham , Walth . Butter-hill , East . Butteren , Walth . Butesashe , New. Byndley , Eving . C Cadland , New. Calshot Castle , New. Cams , Tich . Caunterton , New. Caston , Fawley . Catcombe , Port. Cavehurst , Kings . Chalton , Finch . Charke , Tich . Charford North , Ford. Chaiford South , Ford. Charlcott , Eving . Charton , And. Castle South , Por● . Chawton , Alton . Cheryton , Fawley . Chewton , Christch . Chidden , Hamble . Chilboulton , Budles . Chilcombe , Fawley . Chillinge , Tich . Chilton Candaver , Bunts . Chilworth , Mans. Chineham , Basing . Choldwarton , And. CHRIST-CHURCH , Chr. Chure Forest , Ando . Clanfeild , And. Clanfeild , Finch . Clatford upper , Ando . High Cleere , Eving . Cleerewoodcot , Kir . Clydseden , Basing . Cockerfeild , Alton . Coldre , Alton . Colderton , And. Colmer , Barton . Combe , Past. Combe , Easter . Compton , Budles . Compton , Kings . Copperhouse , Christ. Cornhampton , Mea. Cove , Crund. Cowderidge , Walth . Crokham , Crund. Cramborne , Michel . Crawley , Budles . S. Crosse , Budles . Croston , Tishf . Crowdhill , Fawley . Croxeston , Past. Crundall , Crund. D Deane , Overt . Dean East , Thorn. Derly Loperwood , Red. Dibden , Redbr. Dimnead , Hamb . S. Dionies , Walth . Dipnall , Crund. Drogmersfeild , Odi . Drayton , Ports . Droxford , Walth . Dummer , Barm . Dunbury-hill , Ando . Durly , Walth . E Earlston , Kings . East Walban , Alton . Eastermeane , Ester . Eastly , Mans. Easton Farme , Ports . Easton , Past. Easton , Fawley . Edmonosthorp , Kin. Edsworth , Finch . Egbury , Eving . Eling , Redbr. Ellingham , Ford. Elvetham , Odiham . Empshott , Selbor . Empsworth , Bosmer . Enham , Ando . Ervells , Hamble . Etchinswell , Eving . Eversl●y , Hold. Ewshott , Crund. Exbury , New. Exton , Fawley . F Fackham , Past. FARHAM , Tich . Faringdon , Selborne . Farley , Kings . Farley , Barmans . Farlington , Ports . Farnborrow , Crund. Farnhamsdean , Past. Fartham , Farth . Faston , Ferme . Faston , Past. Faushot , Crund. Fawly , New. Ferlington , Ports . Fernboro , Odib . Fontley great , Tichf. Fontley little , Tichf. Fordingbridge , Ford. Forton , Wher . Foxcott , Andover . Fremanton , Kings . Fritham , New. Frobury , Kings . Froxfeild , Ester . Froyle , Alton . Frysalke , Eving . Fryvoke , Eving . Fulflude , Budles . Fullerton , Kings . Fyfeild , Andover . Funtley great , Tichf. Funtley little , Tichf. G Gallare , Wher . Gynus , New. Gittins , New. Gildable , Kings . Glidden , Hamble . Godshall , New. Goodworth Clatford , Wher . Godsfeild , Buntes . Gosporte , Tichf. Grange , Bu●tes . Gratly , Andover . Gertham , Alton . Grewell , Odi . Groveplace , Redbr. H Hale , Fording . Hale , New. Haliborne , Alton . Hamble Have , Man. Hambledon , Hamble . Hamblerise , Mans. Hame , Barton . Haninton , Chu● . Hanington Laurence , Kings . Hardu●dge . Ringw . Hardley , New. Harneden , Finch . Hartley Wespell , Hold. Hartley Mawdit , Alton . Hasell , Basing . Hatherden , Andov . Havant , Bosm. Haughton North , Kings . Hawley , S●lborne . Hawley , Crund. Hayling , Bosm. Headley , Sutt . Headborn worthy , Bart. Heath , Christch . Heathouse , Finch . Heckfeild , Hold. Helliouse , Chut . Hengesbury head , Chris Henley , Eving . Henton Dawbney , Finch . Henton Amner , Fawl . Heriott , Barman . Herford bridge , Odi . Hertley-row ▪ Odi . Hertley , Alton . Hertley , Odi . Highcleere . Hill ▪ Walth . Hilside , O●i . Hinton , Christch . Hithe , New. Hoddington ▪ Fawley . Hoe , Mean Holbury , New. Holdshot , Hold. Holiborn , Alton . Holmhurst , Christc . Hooke , Tich . Hordwell , Christch . Horbridge , Ford. Howghton , Bud. Hownd , Mans. Hunton , Bud. Hurton , Christch . Hurne , Christch . Hursboorne , Past. Hursboorne , Eving Hursley , Bud. Hurst East , Kingsun . Hurst West , Kings . I Ibbesley , Ford. Ifford , Christch . Ilfeild , Barm . Inhurst , Bart. Insteed East , Sel. Insteed West , Sut. Itchell , Crund. Itching , Walth . Itchin Stoake , Bunt . Itchin Abbots , Bunt . K Katrington , Finch . Kempshot , Basing . Keppernham , Kings . Keyhaven , Christch . Kimpstone , Fa●ley . KINGS CLEEVE , Kings . Kingley , Alton . Kingston , Ports . Kingston , Ringw . Kingsunborne , Kings . Kingswo●thy , Bart. Kirbridge , Walth . Kympton , Ando . L Ladnam , Thorne . Langly , New. Langly , Red. Langrish , Est. Lassam , Odi . Laverstooke , Overt . Lawnsle●●ll , Kings . Leape , New. Leckford , Kings . Lebritan , Tich . Lee Earles , Kings . Lichfeild , Kings . Linchford , Crund. Lindhurst Parke , New. Lippocke , Alton . Littleton , Bud. Littleton , Ando . Lockerley , Thorn. Lovington , Fawley . Long-parish , Wher . Long Sutton , Crund. Longstocke , King. Lungford , Fawley . LYMINGTON , Christ. Lyghe , Port. Lindhurst , New. Lynwood , New. Lysse , Odiham . M Magdaline , Faw . Malchanger , Chut . Malwood Castle , New. Mappledorwell , Bas. Mapledurham , Finch . Marchwood , Red. Lee Markes , Tich . Martin worthy , Fawley . S. Maries , Walth . S. Ma●y boorne , Evi . Mattingley , Hold. Maxston , Ando . Maxwell , Fawley . Meane East , Mean. Meane West , Faw . Meanestoake , Mean. Medsted , Fawley . Memsted , New. Micheldevor , Mich. Michelmersh , Budl . Migiam , Ford. Midleton , Wher . Milbrooke , Budles . Milbrooke Hill , Walth . Milcourt , Alton . Milford , Christch . Milton , Christ. Minsted , Newf. Morecot , Red. Moresteed , Fawley . Morrall , Odi . Mortymer , Hold. Motteffont , Thorn. Moyles Court , Ringw . Munkeston , Ando . Mycheldever , Mich. Mynley , Hold. N Nashe , Christch . Nastwood , Past. Natley Severs , Bas. Natley upper , Bas. Newton Valence , Selbor . Newton Bery , Redb . Netham , Alton . Netley , Mans. Newnam , Basing . Newton , Eving . Newton , Selb . Newtonstacie , Bart. Ninkenholt , Past. Northbrooke , Mich. Northington , Mich. Northwood , Bosmer . Norton , Selbor . Nursling , Bud. Nursting , Red. Nurstead , Finch . Nutley , Barmans . O Obery , Kings . ODIHAM , Odi . Okehanger , Alton . Okeley , Kings . Okeley North , Chut . Okeley church , Chu . Okeley-hall , Chut . Oldaltesford , Bunt . Oldstoake , Budle . Oosham , Ports . Otterborne , Budle . Overton , Overt . Ovington , Fawley . Ower , Redbridge . Owselbury , Faw . Oxenborne , Ester . Oxenborne , Mean. P Patow Beacons , Mic. Paltons , Redbr. Pamber , Hold. Pamber , Barton . Parkhouse , New. Parlicu , Christch . Parsonage , Kings . Parke , New. Pecke , Mean. Pennyngton , Ring . Penton Grafton , And. Penton Mewson , And. Persint , Kingston . PETERS FEILD , Finc . Pettleworth , Thorn. Pilley , New. Pitt , Budle . Platford , Ando . Polhampton , Overt . Polsgrave , Ports . Popham , Michel . Porchester , Ports . PORTSMOUTH , Ports . Portsey , Ports . Posbrooke , Tich . Preshoe , Mean. Preston Candaver , Barm . Preston , Christch . Preve parke , Basing . Prevet , Fawley . Priorsdeane , Barton . Q Qualey , Ando . Quidhampton , Over . R Rames Head , Tich . Ramesdeane , Ester . Raydon , New. Redbridge , Redbr. Redman , Ando . RINGWOOD , Ri. Riplington , Ester . Rockeborne , Fordin . Rochcourt , Tich . Ropley , Sut. Rotherweek , Odih. Rowner , Tich . Rumburge , Redbr. RUMSEY , King. RUMSEY , Redb . Rye , Odiham . S Sandford , Kings . Sasbury , Tich . Saveston , Ando . Scotney , Barton . Selborne , New. Selborne , Selbor . Setchfield , Fording . Shalden , Odiham . Shamblehurst , Mans. Sharprickes , Christc . Shatsham , Mans. Sheete , Finch . Shelborne , Selb . Shephoue , Crund. West Sherborne , Chut . Sherborne S. Johns , Basing . Sherfield , Odiham . Sherfield , Thorne . Shipton , Thorne . Shiadfield , Walth . Sidmanton , Kings . Sidford , Mans. Silchester , Hold. Sinckles , Walth . Skewers , Basing . Slackstead , Michel . Snodington , Thorne . Soak , Fawley . Soak Winton , Buntes . Somborne , Somb. Somborne , Somb. Somerford , Christch . Soplv , Christch . SOUTHAMPTON , Wa. Southam , Fording . Southbrooke , Tich . Southbrooke , Mich. SOUTHCAST , Po. Southroppe , Odiham . Southweeke , Portes . Southwood , Bosmer . Sparkford , Budles . Sparshote , Budles . Stanbridge , Kings . Stannog , Tich . Stanswood , New. Stapley , Odiham . Steepe , Ester . Stephenton , Basing . Stoake , Eving . Stobridgton , Tich . STOCK-BRIDGE , King. Stone , R●dbr . Stoneham North , Mans. Stoneham South , Mans. Stratton East , Mich. Stratton West , Mich. Stratfieldsey , Hold. Streate , Christch . Stunnog , Tich . Suberton , Meane . Sunburne little , Kings . Sunburne upper , Kings . Sutton , Sut. Sutton , Crund. Sutton , Barton . Swampton , Eving . Swanthrope , Crund. Swanmore , Walth . Swanwick , Tich . Swarwotton . Bunt . Swaye , Christch . T Tachbury , Redbr. Tadley , Over● . Taddiford , Christch Tangley , Past. Temple , Selborn . Terstwood , Redbr. Tertio Deane , Faw . Thornay . Thruxston , Ando . Tichborne , Fawl . Tichfield house , Tich . Tichfeild , Tich . Tisted East , Selb . Tisted West , Sutt . Tockington , Wher . Toothill , Mans. Totton , Redbr. Truxton without , Ando . Tuddiford , Christ● . Turnworth , Basing . Turges , Hold. Tuston , Hor. Twyford , Fawley . Tydworth , Ando . Tymsbury , Kings . Tytherley West , Thorn. Tytherley East , Thorn. V The Vine , Basing . Upham , Walth . Upton gray , Barm . Upton , Past. Votherfeild , Alton . W Wablington , Bosmer . Wade , Bosmer . Walhampton , Christ. Wallington , Ports . Wallop upper , Thorn. Wallop nether , Thorn. Wallop middle , Thorn. Walsworth ▪ Ports . Walton North , Overt . Warborne , New. Warde , R●dbr . Warmansashe , Tich . Warnborrow North , Odi . Warnborrow South , Bart. Warnford , Mean. Weeke , Eving . Weeke , Budles . Weild , Fawley . W●●hill , Ando . Wellow West , Thorn. Wemerling , Port. Westbery , Mean. Westcoat , Alton . Weston Patrickes , Odi . Weston , Barm . Weston Carbets , Barm . Weston , Finch . Weston , Michel . Westover , Christch . Wherwell , Wher . WHIT-CHURCH , Evin . Whitsbury , Ford. Wickham , Tich . Widleigh , Ports . Wigley , Thorne . Wimston , Redbr. Winchfeild , Odiham . Winckton , Christch . Winhall , Fawley . Wintney , Odiham . Winton , Christch . Winton , Ring . WINCHESTER . Winstade , Basing . Wisherborne , Chut . Witham , Andover . Wolles , King. Wonston , Budles . Woodcott , Past. Woodgaston , Basing . Woodhaye East , Eving . Woodmancor , Bunt . Woolferton , King. Woolston , Mans. Wortham East , Alton . Wartham West , Alton . Worthe Castle , Tich . Worting , Chut . Wotton , Chut . Wymering , Ports . Wyke , Basing . Y Yabington , Fawley . Yatley , Crund. Yatton East , Wher . Yatton West , Wher . THE DESCRIPTION OF THE VVIGHT ILAND . WIGHT Iland was in times past named by the Romanes Vecta , Vectis , and Vectesis , by the Britains , Guyth , by the English Saxons , Wuit-lanð , and Wicþ-AEa , ( for an Iland they termed AEa ) and in these dayes usually called by us , The Isle of Wight . It belongeth to the County of Southampton , and lyeth out in length over against the midst of it South-ward . It is encompassed round with the British Seas , and severed from the Maine-land , that it may seeme to have been conjoyned to it , and thereof it is thought the British name ( Guyth ) hath been given unto it , which betokeneth separation , even as Sicily being broken off and cut from Italy , got the name from Secando ( which signifieth cutting . ) ( 2 ) The forme of this Isle is long , and in the middest farre more wide then at either end : from Binbridge I le in the East , to Hurst Castle in the West , it stretcheth out in length 20. miles , and in breadth from Newport Haven Northward , to Chale-bay Southward twelve miles . The whole in circumference is about sixtie miles . ( 3 ) The aire is commended both for health and delight , whereof the first is witnessed by the long continuance of the Inhabitants in the state of their bodies before they be decayed , and the other for quantity gives place to no neighbouring Country . ( 4 ) The ground ( to say nothing of the Sea , which is exceeding full of Fish ) consisteth of soyle very fruitfull ; yet the husbandmans labour deserves to be thankefully remembred , by whose paines and industry it doth not onely supply it selfe , but affords Corn to be carried forth to others . The land is plenteously stored with Cattle and Graine , and breeds every where store of Conies , Hares , Partridges and Phesants , pleasant for meadow , pasturage , and Parkes ; so that nothing is wanting that may suffice man. The middest yeelds plentie of pasture ; and forrage for Sheepe ; whose wooll the Clothiers esteeme the best ; next unto that of Leinster and Cotteswold : If you cast your eyes towards the North , it is all over garnished with Meadows , Pastures and Woods : If towards the South side , it lyeth ( in a manner ) wholly bedecked with Corne-fields enclosed , where at each end the Sea doth so incroch it self , that it maketh almost two Ilands besides , namely , Freshwater Isle , which looketh to the West , and Binbridge Isle answering it to the East . ( 5 ) The Commodities of the whole chiefly consist of Cattle , Sea-fowle , Fish , and Corne , whereof it hath sufficient : Woods are not here very plentifull ; for that it is onely stored with one little forest ; yet the Country of Hantshire for vicinitie of Site , is a friendly neighbour in that behalfe ; so ( as it were being tyed together in affinitie ) they are alwayes ready , and propense to adde to each others wants and defects by a mutuall supply . ( 6 ) The ancient Inhabitants of this Iland were the Belgae , spoken of in the several Provinces of Sommerset-shire , Wilt-shire , and Hant-shire . Such as did then possesse it were called Lords of the I le of Wight , till it fell into the Kings hands , by Roger ( Sonne to William Fitz-Osburne , slaine in the warre of Flanders ) that was driven into exile . And Henry the first King of England gave it unto Richard Ridvers , with the fee or Inheritance of the Town of Christ-Church , where ( as in all other places ) he built certaine Fortresses . ( 7 ) The principall Market-Towne in the Isle is Newport , called in times past Medena , and Novus Burgus de Meden ; that is , the new Burgh of Meden , whereof the whole Countrey is divided into East - Meden , and West - Meden . A Towne well seated , and much frequented ; unto whose Burgesses His Majestie hath lately granted the choyse of a Major , who with his Brethren , doe governe accordingly . It is populous with Inhabitants , having an entrance into the Isle from the Haven , and a passage for Vessels of small burden unto the Key . Not farre from it is the Castle Caresbrooke , whose Founder is said to have been Whitgar the Saxon , and from him called White-Garesburgh : but now made shorter for easier pronunciation ; the graduation whereof for Latitude is in the degree 50.36 . minutes : and her Longitude in 19.4 . minutes , where formerly hath stood a Priory , and at Quarre a Nunnery ; a necessary neighbour to those Penitentiaries . And yet in their merry mood the Inhabitants of this Iland doe boast , that they were happier then their neighbour-Countreys , for that they never had Monke that ever wore hood , Lawyers that cavilled , nor Foxes that were craftie . ( 8 ) It is reported , that in the yeere of mans salvation , 1176. and twentie three of King Henry the second , that in this Iland it rained a showre of blood , which continued for the space of two houres together to the great wonder and amazement of the people that beheld it with feare . ( 9 ) This Isle of Wight is fortified both by Art and Nature : for besides the strength of Artificiall Forts and Block-houses ( wherewith it is well furnished ) it wants not the assistance of naturall Fences , as being enriched with a continuall ridge and range of craggy Cliffes , and Rocks , and Bancks , very dangerous for Saylers , as the Needles , so called by reason of their sharpnesse : The Shingles , Mixon , Brambles , &c. ( 10 ) Vespasian was the first that brought it to the subjection of the Romanes , whiles he served as a private person under Claudius Caesar. And Cerdic was the first English Saxon that subdued it , who granting it unto Stuffe and Whitgar , they joyntly together slew ( almost ) all the British Inhabitants , ( being but few of them there remaining ) in the Towne aforesaid , called of his name Whitgaresburgh . Wolpher King of the Mercians reduced this Iland afterwards under his obedience , and at that time when he became God-father to Edelwalch King of the South-Saxons , and answered for him at his Baptisme ; he assigned it over unto him , with the Province also of the Menuari . But when Edelwalch was slaine , and Arvandus the petty King of the Iland was made away , Coedwalla King of the West-Saxons annexed it to his Dominion , and in a tragicall and lamentable massacre put to the sword ( almost ) every mothers childe of the inborne Inhabitants . The thing that is best worthy note and observation is this , that Bishop VVilfrid was the first that instructed the Inhabitants of this Iland in Christian religion , and brought them from that Idolatrous Superstition , with the which ( unto that time ) they were obscurely blinded . For Ecclesiasticall Jurisdiction , this Country belongeth to the Bishop of VVinchester , and for Civill government to the County of Southampton . It is fortified with the strength of sixe Castles , traded with three Market-townes , and hath 36. Parish churches planted in it . map of the Isle of Wight WIGHT ISLAND ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes , Rivers , and memorable places mentioned in Wight Iland . THE PARTITION of WIGHT Iland . VVest-Medine . East-Medine . A Ageston , E. Med. Apleford , E. Med. Apton-comb , E. Med. Ash , E. Med. Aston , VV. Med. Atherfeld , VV. Med. Atherfeld Rockes , VV. Med. Atherton , E. Med. Averston , E. Med. Avinton Forrest , VV. Med. B Bannose , E. Medine . Barton , E. Med. Bery-Baron , VV. Med. Binbridge Isle , E. Med. Binsted , E. Med. Black , VV. Med. Black-Rock , E. Med. Bonechurch , E. Med. Bradney , E. Med. Bredlefford , E. Med. Brixton , VV. Med. Brock , VV. Med. Bridge-Court , E. Med. Buleham , VV. Med. Bulner , VV. Med. C Calhourne , VV. Med. Caresbroke , VV. Med. Chak-Rockes , VV. Med. Chalt , E. Med. Chale-bay , W. Med. Challorne , E. Med. Cheverton , W. Med. Cleybrok , W. Med. Cliffe , E. Med. Cliffewhit , E. Med. Comley , E. Med. Compton Bay , W. Med. Compton , W. Med. Coulver-cliffes , E. Med. D Dane , E. Med. Done-mosse , E. Med. E Elmesworth , W. Med. F The Farme , or Kings Freshwater , W. Med. Fayrlee , E. Med. Fish-house , E. Med. Flesh-land , E. Med. Freshwater Isle , W. Med. Freshwater gate , VV. Med. Freshwater cliffe , VV. Med. Forgeland , VV. Med. East Forland , E. Med. G Garnard , VV. Med. Gatcomb , VV. Med. Godshill , E. Med. The Gosse , VV. Med. Gotton , E. Med. H Hall , E. Med. Hamsteds , VV. Med. Hany-mouth , VV. Med. S. Helen , E. Med. S. Helens haven , E. Med. Hill , E. Med. I Iacmans chin , VV. Med. K S. Katherines , E. Med. Kerne , E. Med. Kinget , VV. Med. Kinchet chyne , W. Med. Kinghton , E. Med. Kingsword , W. Med. L Langford , E. Med. Langhorne , E. Med. S. Lawrance Parke , E. Med. Limerston , W. Med. Luckome , E. Med. M Marvell , W. Med. Medhole , E. Med. Mersh , W. Med. Merston , E. Med. Mitton , E. Med. Mountson , W. Med. The Myxon , E. Med. N The Needles , W. Med. Nettleston , E. Med. Nettles hithe , E. Med. Neunam , E. Med. Newtowne , W. Med. Newtowne haven , W. Med. NEWPORT , W. Med. Newport haven , W. Med. Newport Castle , W. Med. Newchurch , E. Med. Nighton , E. Med. Norris , E. Med. North Court , E. Med. Northparke , E. Med. Northwood , E. Med. Nounwell , E. Med. P Pan , E. Med. Pagan , E. Med. Pouppoll , E. Med. Q Quart , E. Med. R Redway , E. Med. Ride , E. Med. Rockley , E. Med. Roughbarrow , W. Med. Roxall , E. Med. S Sande head , E. Med. SANDON Castle , E. M. Sandon bay , E. Med. Shankling , E. Med. Shankling , E. Med. Sharpnor Castle , W. Med. Shaucome , W. Med. Shaufleete , W. Med. Shauler , E. Med. Shoflet , E. Med. Shorwell , W. Med. Slutter , E. Med. Smalbrok , E. Med. Standen , E. Med. Steynburro , E. Med. Sutton , W. Med. Swynston , W. Med. T Thorley , W. Med. Thorney great , W. Med. Thornay bay , W. Med. Trablefeld , E. Med. W Wachingwy parke , W. Med. Waitcourt , W. Med. Warden Rockes , W. Med. Weeke , E. Med. Wellow , W. Med. Westcourt , W. Med. Westcow Castle , W. Med. Westover , W. Med. Whipingham , E. Med. Whitfeild , E. Med. Whitwell , E. Med. Wolverton , W. Med. Woodhouse , E. Med. Worseleys Towre , W. Med. Wotton haven , E. Med. Wotton parke , E. Med. Y YARMOUTH , W. Med. Yarmouth haven , W. Med. Yarmouth Castle , W. Med. Yarmouth Rode , W. Med. Yaverland , E. Med. DORCESTER from her ancient people DUROTRIGES , is most likely to have received that name : by the Britaine 's called DWRGWEIR , and by the Saxons Dorseddar , lyeth bounded upon the North side with Sommerset and Wilt-Wiltshires ; upon the West with Devon-shire , and some part with Sommerset ; upon the East altogether with Hampshire ; and her South part is wholly bounded with the British Seas . ( 2 ) The forme grows wider from the West , and spreads her selfe the broadest in the midst , where it extends to twenty foure miles , but in length is no lesse then fourtie foure : the whole in circumference about , is one hundred and fiftie miles . ( 3 ) The aire is good , and of an healthfull constitution : the soyle is fat , affording many commodities , and the Countrey most pleasant in her situation : for the In-land is watered with many sweet & fresh running springs , which taking passage thorow the plaine vallies , do lastly in a loving manner unite themselves together , and of their many branches make many bigge bodied streames : neither doth the Sea denie them entrance , but helpeth rather to fill up their Bankes , whereby Vessels of burden discharge their rich Treasures , and her selfe with open hand distributeth her gifts all along the South of this Shore . ( 4 ) Anciently it was possessed by the Durotriges , whom Ptolemie placeth along in this Tract , who being subdued by the Romanes , yeelded them roome , and unwilling subjection . After them the Saxons set foot in these parts , whereof Portland seemeth from that Port to take name , who in this place arrived in Anno 703. and did sorely infest and annoy all the South Tract . And at Bindon before him Kinegillus King of the West-Saxons , in the yeare of Christ 614. in a doubtfull and dangerous Battle vanquished the Britaines . Neither were the Saxons so surely herein seated , but that the Danes sought to defeat them thereof : for twise these bold Rovers landed at Chartmouth , the first was in Anno 831. and Raigne of King Egbert , and the other eight yeares after , when Ethelwulfe was King : in both which they went away Victors . Yet when the Iron-side wore the English Diadem , and these fierce people sought to plucke it from his Helmet , he met them at Pen-ham in Gillingham Forest , and with a small power obtained a great victorie , causing their King Canute with discourage to retire . ( 5 ) Commodities arising in this Countie are chiefly Wools and Woods in her North , where the Forests are stored with the one , and the pleasant greene Hilles with the other . The inner part is over-spread both with Corne and Grasse , and the Sea yeeldeth the Isidis Plocamos , a Shrub growing not unlike the Corrall without any leafe ; besides her other gifts , turning all to great gaine : which the more is made manifest by the many Market-Townes in this Shire , whereof Dorcester is the chiefe , in Antonius his Itinerarium termed Durnovaria , situated upon the South side of Frome , and the Roman Causey called Fosse-way , wherein some of their Legions kept , as by the Rampiers and Coines there daily digged up is probably conjectured ; at which time it seemeth the Citie was walled , whereof some part yet standeth , especially upon the West and South sides , and the Tract and Trench most apparent in a Quadrant-wise almost meeteth the River , containing in circuit one thousand and seven hundred pases , but were cast downe by the Danes , whose trampling feete destroyed all things wheresoever they came , and hands here razed the Trenches Maudbury and Poundbury , the seals of their Siege , and signes of times miserie . About three hundred pases Southward from hence , standeth an old Fortification of earth , trenched about , and mounted above the ordinary plaine , thirty pases , containing some 5. acres of ground , wherein ( at my there being ) plenty of Corn grew . This the Inhabitants call The Maiden Castle , having entrance thereunto onely upon the East and West . This is thought to have beene a Snmmer-Campe or Station of the Romanes , when their Garrisons kept the Frontiers of this Province . The government of this Citie is yearely committed to two Bailiffes , elected out of eight Magistrates or Aldermen , a Recorder , Towne-Clerke , and two Sergeants attending them : whence the North-pole is elevated 50. degrees 48. minutes in Latitude , and for Longitude is removed from the first West point unto the Meridian of 18. degrees . ( 6 ) Other places also are memorable through the actions therein happening , or Antiquities there yet remaining : such as Badbury , now nothing but a Trench and decayed Castle , hardly seene , though sometimes it was the Court of the West-Saxons King. Such also is Cerne , where Augustine the English Apostle brake downe the Altars and Idols of the Saxons God HELL , whom they devoutly honoured as the only conserver of their health . Shaftesburie also , wherein one Aquila ( whether a Man or Eagle I know not ) by our Historians report , is said to have prophecied the future times of this our Empire , and that after the Raignes of the Saxons and Normans it should againe returne unto the government of the British Kings . But with such vaine predictions our Nation is more thē once taxed by Philip Comineus the famous French Writer . In this Citie Edward the sonne of great Edgar , and one and thirtieth Monarch of the Englishmen , was interred , being murdered at Corfe , a Castle seated in the I le of Purbeck , by his Step-mother AElfrith , to make way for her sonne to enjoy his Crown : in repentance whereof , and to pacifie Heaven for his bloud , she built the Monasteries of Ambresbury and Whorwell , in the Countie of Wilt-shire and South-Hampton . In the former of which with great penitencie she spent the rest of her life . ( 7 ) As upon the like occasion the Monastery of Middleton was laid in this Shire by King Ethelstan to appease the Ghost of Edwine his innocent brother , and to expiate the sin of his own soule for the bloud of that just Prince , whom most unjustly he caused to die : and with the like devotion , though not to satisfie for the like bloudy sinnes , did Queene Cuthburga sue a Divorce from her second husband the Northumberlands King , and at Winburne built her a Nunnery , whereof her selfe became Abbesse , where afterward was raised a most stately Minster , which added not onely more glory to the place , but withall enlarged the name , and made it to be called Winburn-minster , where King Ethelred , a most vertuous Prince , after much disquietnesse had with the Danes , in peace here resteth , with his Tombe and Inscription , as in his Historie ( Christ assisting ) shall be further seene . Neither among these may I omit Sherburne , which in the yeare of Grace 704. was made a Bishops See , in whose Cathedrall Church , were interred the bodies of Ethelbald and Ethelbert brethren , both of them Monarchs of the English-men . ( 8 ) Seven more besides these were set apart from worldly imployments , consecrated only to God and his service in this Shire ; which were Camerstern , Cranborn , Abbottesbury , Bindon , Sturmister , Tarrant , and Warham . These with the others came to their full period under the hand of King Henry the Eight , which lay with such waight upon their faire buildings , that he crushed the juice thereof into his own Coffers . ( 9 ) Castles for defence in repaire and decayed , were at Sherburne , Dorchester , Branksey , Portland , Corfe , Newton , Woodford , and Wareham . So that with these and others the County hath been strengthned , with twelve religious Houses their poore relieved , with eighteene Market Townes at this day is traded , and principally into five divisions parted , subdivided into thirty foure Hundreds , and them againe into two hundred forty eight Parishes , as in the Map and Table adjoyning is to be seene . map of Dorsetshire DORSETSHYRE With the Shyre-towne Dorchester described , as also the Armes of such noble families as have bene honored with the Titles there of since the Normans Conquest to this present Anno i6i0 . DORSET-SHIRE divisions and Hundreds . Sherborns division . Sherborn . Redlane . Newton . Brownsell . Yeatminster . Totcombe and Modborow . Buckland . Whitway hund . and liberties . Bri●port division . Bridport . Whitechurch . Beamister . Redhoave . Eggarton . Godhertorne . Shi●ton division . Badbury . Cogdeane . Hanly . Cramborne . Lowsbarrow . Knowlton . Vpwimborne . Der●hester division . George . Tellerford . Puddleton hund . & liberties . Colliford . Vgicombe . Bla●dford division . Pimperne . Rushmore . Barrow . Coombeditch . Beer . Winfrith ▪ Rowbarrow . Hasler . A Abbots Estoke , Bea● . Abbotte bee Tithing , Sher. Abbotsbury , Vgs. Adams chappell , Row. A●●lington , Row. Alderholt , Cramb. All●●ster , Vpwim. Allhollam , cramb . Allington , Goder . Allweston , s●er . Alton pancras , Whit. Saint Andros Glisset , Cramb. Anderson , Coomb . Aren point , Has. Aren , Has. Armitage , Vgs. Ashe , Beam. Ashe , Pim. Ashmore , Cramb. Askerwell , Eggar . Athelhamston , P●● . Athpuddel , bar . B Bagber , Cramb. Bagbore , Bro. Barnesley , Bad. Barnstone , Hasler . Batcombe , Yeat . Baunton , Goder . BEAMISTER , Beam. Beare Hagard , Shir. Bedcister , Newt . BEERKINGS , Beer . Belchalwell , Beer . Bereston , Knowle . Ber●ord , Bad. Bettescombe , Goder . Bexington , Rush. Bindon , Rush. Bingehams Melcombe , VVhit . Blachemwell , Hasler . Blagden parke , Cramb. Blakmore , Sher. Blanford S. Mary , Comb. BLANFORD , Pimp . Bloxworth , Coomb . Bochampton , Georg. Bowridge , Vpwim. Bradford , Sher. Bradford , Georg. Bradley , Hasler . Bradpoole , Red. Branksey Iland , Cogd. Branksey Castle , Cogd. Breadell , Has. Brianston , Pimp . Briddy little , Vgs. The five Bridges , Red. BRIDPORT , Brid . Bringspuddell , Bar. Broadmaine , georg . Brockhampton , Buck. Brodewinsor , Brid . Brodway , Cul. Brokinton , Knowl . Buckland , Buck. Buckland , Cul. Buckorne weston , Red. Bugley , Red. Burgh , goder . Bursey Iland , cogd . Burstock , Whit. Burston , pud . Burton , goder . Burton , Vpwim. Burton long , sher . Byncombe , goder . C Caldon , Rush. Came , Pud . Can , Vpwim. Canford lawndes , cogd . Caundell wake , Brown. Caundell sturton , Brown. Caundell marshes , sher . Caundell purse , sher . Caundell bishop , sher . Ca●leton , pimp . Castle towne , sher . Catstocke , Tot. and Mod. Cauford little , Bad. Caynston , pimp . Ceaford , Bad. Vp Cearne , Sher. Nether Cearne , Tot. and Mod. ABBAS CEARNE , Tot. & Mod. Chabury , bad . Chaldon , Winf. Chantmerls , Toller . Charborrow , cogd . Chardstocke , beam . Charlton marshall , cogd . Charmouth , VVhit . Charmister , georg . Chedington , beam . Chelborrow east , Tol. Chelborrow west , Tol. Cheselton Poril Iland . Chesselborne , VVhit . Chetnoll , Yeat . Chettell , Vpwim. Chetwell , Yeat . Chickerell east , Vg. Chickerell west , Cul. Chidyocke , VVhit . Chilcombe , Vgs. Child Okeford , re● . Child Frome , Tol. Clenston , combe . Cliffe , Pud . Clyston , sher . Combekeins , VVins . Combe , goder . Combe nether , sher . Combe over , sher . Compton Hargrave , Vpwim. Compton , goder . Compton , Tot and Mod. Compton over , sher . Compton nether , sher . Corfe , VVin. Corfe Castle , Hast. Corfe Mullin , ●ogd . Corscombe , Beam. Corton , Vg. Craford , Lows . CRAMBORN , Cram. Cramborn Chase , Cram. Creech , Hast. Creech East , Hast. Creklad parke , VVhit . Cripton , Cullis . Crokwey , Eggardon . Cruxton , Tollerf . D Dalwood , Vg. Danush , Buckl . Develish Flu. Develish , Pimp . Didlington , Bad. DORCHESTER , Vg. Dorweston , Pimp . Downe , sher . E Eastbury , sher . Eastover , Red. Edmondsham , Cramb. Eagleston , Hasler . Saint Elyns , Cogd. Elwell Cullis . Encomb , Hast. EVERSHOT , Tollerf . Ewren Minster , Hanly . F Fantelaroy Marsh , sher . Farneham ▪ Cramb. Fifhead , Cramb. Fifhead , Whit. Fifhead Navill , Pim. Fifhead Magdalen , Red. Fippenny ankford , Pimp . Fittleford , Pim. Fleet , Vg. Foke , sher . Fordington Manor , Vg. FRAMPTON , goder . The Free , Vpwim. Frome byllet , george . Frome vanchurch , Tollerf . Frome quintin , Tollerf . Funtmell , hanly . G Gillingham Forest , Vpwim. Gillingham , Vpwim. Glasen , sherb . Godmanston , Tot. and Mod. Grymston , georg . Gunfoild , Cramb. Gunfield , Cramb. Guslag , Knowl . H Haidon , sher . Handford , Red. Halstoke , Whit. Ham , Vpwim. Hamone , Pim. Hampreston ▪ Cramb. Hamworthy , cogd . Handfast point , Knowl . Hanly , han . Hareston , row . Hasselbery brian , pimp . Haukechurch , Whit. Hauworthy , cogd . Helton , Whit. Helwarden , Wins . Henton Martell , Bad. Hermitage , Tot. and Mod. Herringston , cullif . Herston , row . H●ckford , cogd . H●llfeild , Tot. and Mod. Hinton little , Bad. Holme West , hast . Holme East , hast . Holnest , sher . Holt Forest , Bad. Holt , Bad. Holton , Bad. Holwell , cramb . Hooke , Eggar . Horseys Melcomb , Whit. Horton , Bad. Houndstreet , sher . Howton , pimp . Hutton Mary , Newton . Hyde , rush . I Iberton , Whit. Ilsington , pudd . K Keasworth , cram . Kencombe , ●ggard . Knighton , pud . Knighton , pimp . Kingston , row . Kingston , georg . Kington great , red . Kinson , cogd . Knolton , Knowl . Knowle , hast . Knowle , Buckl . Kritchell long , Knowle . Kunbridge , hasler . L Lake , Cogd. Lambart Castle , Whit. Lambart hill , Whit. Lancots , rush . Lanckton , Vg. Lanckton , pimp . Langton Wallis , row . Landon , Beamis . Launston , pimp . Lechiot beacon , cogd . Lechiot south , cogd . Leighe , Yeat . Lewcombe , Tollerf . Lewson hill , Beamis . Lewston , sher . Lillington , sher . Limbridge , hasler . Litchet Matravers , cogd . Litchet , Minster , cogd . Loders , goder . The Lodge , hasler . The Lodge , Bad. Longbridge , Whit. Longbredy , eggar . Longcurchell , Knowl . Long●let , cogd . Longham , Bad. Longlother , goder . Longlane mill , red . Lulworth West , rush . Lulworth East , Win● . Lyddon Flu. Lydlynche , Brow. LYMEKINGS , Brid . Lytton , Vg. Ly , Bad. M Maiden Newton , Tollerf . Mannyngton , Bad. Manston , red . Maperton , red . Maperton , redl . Margaret Marsh , New. Marnhull , Newt . Marshwood parke , Whit. Marshwood vale , Whit. Martinstowne , george . Maston , comb . Maypowder , Buck. Melbery , cramb . Melbery Sampford , Toller . Melbery Abbis , hanly . Melbery Osmond , Yeat . Melbery bubb , Yeat . Melcomb Regis , Vg. Melplash , Beamis . Michaels Gussage , Bad. Middle marsh , Tot. and Mod. MIDDLETON , Whit. Milborne S. Andrew , Pud . Milborne Stiham , Beer . Milton , Vpwim. Milton abbas , Whit. Milton , eggar . Mintern , Whit. Mintern great , Tot. and Mod. Minterne little , Buck. Meigne over , Win● . Mo●ritchell , Bad. Morden , Low. Morden , rush . Morton , Winf. Mosterne , red . Motcombe , Vpwim. Mountpoynings , rush . Muckelford ▪ georg . Muncton , cramb . Muncton , Vpwim. Muncton , Cullif. Muncton , Cullif. Munston , pud . The Mynes , cogd . N Netherbury , Beamis . Nettlecome , eggar . Newland , sher . Newton , rowbar . Newton Castle , Whit. North-haven point , cogd . O Oborne , sher . Okeford shilling , cramb . Okeford Fitz-pain , New. Orchard East , Newt . Orchard West , Newton . Osmington , Cullif. Ouer , Row. Ower , Winf. P Parston , Cogd. Parly West , Cramb. Parrat South , red . Paunhin , Beamis . Pentridge , carmb . Petersham , cramb . Peverell point , row . Phillihome , Vg. Pimperne , pimp . Plush , Buck. POOLE , hasl . Poorestocke , goder . Portland Iland , port . Portland Church , port . Portland Castle , port . Porston , georg . Pooreton , red . Portsham , Vg. Povington , hasler . Poxwell , Winf. Preston , Bad. Preston , Cullif. Puddle trencheard , Whit. Puddlehouton , pud . Puddletowne , pud . Pullham , rush . Pulham West , Buck. Pulham East , Buck. Puncknoll , Vg. Purbick Iland , Winf. Pyllesdon , Whit. Pyllesdon Pen , goder . Q Quarston , pimp . R Radlestone , pimp . Rampisham , Tollerf . Rawston , pimp . Rhime , Whit. Rimpscomb , row . Ringston , Winf. Rodden , Vgscomb . Rodipoll , Cullif. Rowllington , row . Rowseham , Beamis . Rumforth , Knowl . Rushton , Cramb. Ryme , Yeaton . S Samford , Yeat . Sandwiche bay , Row. Sandesfoote Castle , ●●d . Sandwiche , row . Sexpenny henley , cramb . SHA●TESEVRY , Vp. Shapwick , Bad. Shafton , Vpwim. SHERBORNE Sher. Sherford bridge , hasl . Shepton , goder . Shillingaukford , pimp . Shilhampton , Vg. Shitterton , Bar. Shopwicke , Bad. Shroughton or ●wrncourtney , Red. Sidlin , Whit. Simondsborow , Whit. Sleep , hasl . Somerhaies , brown . Somerl little , pud . South-haven point , cogd . Southover , eggard . Spesbury , pimp . Stalbridge , brown . Stanton Gabriell , Whit. Steple , hasl . Stepington , cramb . Stepleton , Vg. Stickland , pimp . Stockland , Whit. Stockwood , pud . Stock church , Whit. Stoke wake , Whit. Stoke , Yeat . Stoke galliard , brown . Stoke bowood , beam . Stone , Bad. Stowboro , hasl . Stowborow , Winf. Stoure Flu. Stowrer westover ▪ red . Stower castover , red . Stower paine , pimp . Stower provest , Whit. Straford , pud . Stratton , georg . Studland , row . Studland Castle , Row. Sturhill , goder . Sturmister marshall , cogd . STURMISTER NEWTON , Bro. Stynford , georg . Sutton , Vpwim. Sutton waldron , red . Sutton , Cul. Sutton points , pud . Swier , Vg. Sydlin Saint Nicholas , Tot. and Mod. Sylton , Red. T Tarrant keniston , Pimp . Tarrant muncton , Vpwim. Tarrant launston , pimp . Tarrant hinton , pimp . Thornford , sher . Thornhull , Bad. Thornhill , brown . Throupe , pud . Tinham east , hasler . Tinham west , hasler . Tinkleton , pud . Todber , Newton . Tollerdwelve , Red. Toller fratrum , Toll . Toller Percorum , Toll . Tolpuddell , pud . Tompson , Comb. Turnewood , pimp . Turnerspuddell , Barrow . Turnworth , Cramb. Twi●ord , Vpwim. V Vanchurch , Tol. Vernen●nster ▪ Cramb. Upsidling , Yeat . Upway , Vgscomb . Upwimbon , Vpwim. W Waby house , Pud . Wadden frier , Vgscomb . Waldishe , goder . Walterston , pud . Walton , georg . Wambroke , Whit. WARHAM , Winf. Warmwell , Winf. WAYMOUTH , Vgs. Weeke Kings , pud . Welland , Whit. Wenford , Whit. Westbury , Sher. Westhall , Sher. Weston , brown . Westworth , Rush. Whatcomb , Coomb . Whitchurch , pimp . Whitchurch , Coomb . Whitchurch tithing , Whit. Whitc●i●●e , Rowbar . Withart vale , or ●lakemore , Sherb . Whitlovington , Barrow . Wichampton , Cramb. Widd●n Fryer , Vgscomb . Wilton , Eggar●on . WIMLORN MINSTER , Bad. Wimborne S. Cyles , Knowl . Wimborn Alhallows , Knowl . Winfrith , Winf. Winford Eagle , Tollerf . Winterborn , Rush. Winterborn , Pimp . Winterborn , Eggar . Winterborn Kingston , Beer . Wirtwood , Bad. Woodcotes , Cramb. Woodland , Knowl . Woodford , Winf. Woo●e , Rush. Woolcomb , Yeat . Worgret , Barrow . Worthe , Rowbar . Worthe , Rowbar . Wotton fitzpaine , Whit. Wotton , Sher. Wotton Glanfeild , Buk . Wraxhall , Eggar . Y Yetminster , Yeat . DEVON-SHIRE , by the Cornish Britaines called Devinan ; by the English-Saxons Deven-schyre , and by contraction of the vulgar Den-shire , is not derived from the Danes , as some would have it , but from the people Danmonii , the same we have spoken of in Cornwall , and whom Ptolemie hath seated in these Westerne Borders . ( 2 ) The West of this County is bounded altogether by the River Tamar : the East is held in with the verge of Sommerset-shire : and the North & South sides are washed wholy with the British and Severne Seas : Betwixt whose shores from Cunshere in the North , unto Salcombe Haven entering in at the South , are fifty-five miles ▪ and from the Hartland Point West , to Thorncombe East , are fiftie-foure : the whole circumference about two hundred and two miles . ( 3 ) The Ayre is sharpe , healthfull and good : the Soile is hilly , wooddy and fruitfull , yet so as the hand of the Manurer must never be idle , nor the purse of the Farmer never fast shut , especially of them that are farre from the Sea , whence they fetch a sand with charge and much travell , which being ●spread upon the face of the earth , bettereth the leannesse thereof for graine , and giveth life to the Glebe with great efficacie . ( 4 ) As Cornwall , so this hath the same commodities that arise from the Seas : and being more inlanded hath more commodious Havens for Shippings entercourse , among whom Totnes is famous for Brutes first entrance , ●if Geffrey say true , or if Havillan the Poet took not a Poeticall liberty , when speaking of Brute , he wrote thus : The gods did guide his sail and course : the winds were at command : And Totnes was the happy shoare where first he came on land . But with more credit and lamentable event , the Danes at Teigue-mouth first entered for the invasion of this Land , about the yeare of Christ 787. unto whom Brightrik K. of the West-Saxons sent the Steward of his house to know their intents , whom resistantly they slew : yet were they forced back to their Ships by the Inhabitants , though long they stayed not , but eagerly pursued their begun enterprises . With more happy successe hath Plimouth set forth the purchasers of fame , and stopped the entrance of Englands Invaders , as in the raigne of that eternized Queene , the mirrour of Princes , Elizabeth of everlasting memory : for from this Port Sir Francis Drake , that potent man at Sea , setting forth Anno 1577. in the space of two yeares and ten moneths did compasse the circle of the Earth by Sea. And the Lord Charles Howard , Englands high Admirall , did not onely from hence impeach the entrance of the proud invincible Spanish Navy , intending invasion and subversion of State , but with his Bullets so signed their passage , that their sides did well shew in whose hands they had beene , as seals of their own shame , and his high honour . ( 5 ) The commodities of this shire consist much in Wools and Clothings , where the best and finest Kersies are made in the Land. Corne is most plenteous in the fruitfull Vallies , and Cattle spreading upon the topped Hils , Sea-fish and Fowle exceedingly abundant . Veynes of Lead , yea and some of Silver in this Shire are found : and the Load-stone ( not the least for use and esteeme ) from the rocks upon Dartmore hath beene taken . Many fresh Springs doe bubble from the Hils in this Province , which with a longing desire of Societie search out their passage , till they meete and conjoyne in the Vallies , and gathering still strength with more branches , lastly grow bodied able to beare Ships into the Land , and to lodge them of great burden in their Bosomes or Fals : whereof Tamar , Tave and Ex are the fairest and most commodious . ( 6 ) Vpon which last the chiefe Citie and Shire-Towne of this County is seated , and from that River hath her name Excester : this City by Ptolemie is called Isca ; by the Itinerary of Antonius Emperour , Isca Danmoniorum ; by the English Saxons Exanceasder , and Monketon ; and by the Welsh Pencaer . It is pleasantly seated upon the gentle ascent of an hil , so stately for building , so rich with Inhabitants , so frequ●nt for commerce and concourse of strangers , that a man can desire nothing but there it is to be had , saith William of Malmesbury . The wals of this Citie first built by King Athelstane , are in a manner circular or round , but towards the Ex rangeth almost in a straight line , having sixe Gates for entrance , and many watch-Towers interposed betwixt , whose compasse containeth about fifteene hundred paces : upon the East part of this Citie standeth a Castle called Rugemont , sometimes the Palace of the West-Saxon Kings , and after them of the Earles of Cornwall , whose prospect is pleasant unto the Sea , and over against it a most magnificent Cathedrall Church , founded by King Athelstan also , in honour of S. Peter , and by Edward the Confessor made the Bishops See , which he removed from Crediton or Kirton in this County unto the Citie of Excester ( as saith the private History of that place : ) whose dilapidations the reverend father in God William now Bishop of the Diocesse with great cost hath repaired ; whom I may not name without a most thankfull remembrance for the great benefits received by his carefull providence toward me and mine . This Citie was so strong and so well stored of Britaines , that they held out against the Saxons for 465. years after their first entrance , and was not absolutely wonne untill , Athelstan became Monarch of the whole , who then peopled it with his Saxons , and enriched the beautie thereof with many faire buildings : but in the times of the Danish desolations this Citie with the rest , felt their destroying hands ; for in the yeare 875. it was by them sore afflicted , spoyled , and shaken , and that most grievously by Swane in the yeare of Christ Iesus 1003. who razed it downe from East to West , so that scarcely had it gotten breath before William the bastard of Normandy besieged it , against whom th● Citizens with great manhood served , till a part of the wall fell downe of it selfe , and that by the hand of Gods providence , saith mine Authour : since when it hath beene three times b●sieged , and with valiant resistance ever defended . The first was by Hugh Courtney Earle of Devon-shire , in the civill broyles betwixt Lancaster and York : then by Perkin Warbeck , that counterfeited Richard Duke of York : and lastly , by the Cornish Rebels , wherein although the Citizens were grievously pinched with scarcitie , yet continued they their faithfull allegiance unto King Edward the sixt ; and at this day flourisheth in tranquillitie and wealth , being governed by a Mayor , twentie-foure Brethren , with a Recorder , Towne-Clerke and other Officers their attendants . This Cities graduation is set in the degree of Latitude from the North Pole 50. & 45. scruples : and for Longitude from the West , to the degree 16. and 25. scruples . Neither is Ioseph that excellent Poet , whose birth was in this Citie , the least of her Ornaments , whose Writings bare so great credit that they were divulged in the Germane language under the name of Cornelius Nepos . The like credit got Crediton in her birth-child Winefred , the Apostle of the Hassians , Thuringers , and Frisians of Germany , which were converted by him unto the Gospel and knowledge of Christ. ( 7 ) Places memorable in this Countie remaining for signes of Battels , or rather antiquities are these : upon Exmore certaine Monuments of Antique worke are erected , which are stones pitched in order , some triangle-wise , and some in round compasse : these no doubt were Trophies of victories there obtained , either by the Romans , Saxons , or Danes , and with Danish letters one of them is inscribed , giving direction to such as should travell that way . Hublestow likewise neere unto the mouth of Tawe , was the buriall place of Hubba the Dane , who with his brother Hungar , had harried the English in divers parts of the Land : but lastly , was there encountred with , and slaine by this Shires Inhabitants , and under a heape of copped stones interred , and the Banner Reasen there and then taken , that had so often been spread in the Danes quarrell , and wherein they reposed no small confidence for successe . ( 8 ) A double dignitie remaineth in this Countie , where Princes of State have borne the Titles both of Devon-shire and Excester : of which Citie there have b●en entituled Dukes , the last of whom , namely , Henry Holland , Grand-childe to Iohn Holland , halfe-brother to King Richard the second ; siding with Lancaster against Edward the fourth , whose sister was his wife , was driven to such misery , as Philip Commineus reporteth , that he was seen all torn and bare-footed to beg his living in the Low Countries : and lastly , his body was cast upon the Shore of Kent ( as if he had perished by shipwrack ) so uncertaine is Fortune in her endowments , and the state of man , notwithstanding his great birth . ( 9 ) Religious houses in this Shire built in devotion , and for Idolatry pulled downe , were at Excester , Torbay , Tanton , Tavestoke , Kirton , Ford , Hartland , Axmister and Berstable . ( 10 ) And the Counties divisions are parted into 33. Hundreds , wherein are seated 37. Market Townes , and 394. Parish-Churches , whose names shall appeare in the Table following . map of Devonshire DEVONSHIRE WITH EXCESTER DESCRIBED And the Armes of such Nobles as haue borne the titles of them . HUNDREDS in Devon-shire . 1. BRanten . 2. Sherwell . 3. South Moulton . 4. Bampton . 5. Tyverton . 6. Witheridge . 7. Fremington . 8. Hartland . 9. Shebbeare . 10. North-Tauton . 11. Black Torrington . 12. Winckley . 13. Creditor . 14. West Budley . 15. Halberton . 16. Hemyock . 17. Axmister . 18. Cullington . 19. Hayrudge . 20. S. Mary O●●ry . 21. Clifton . 22. East Budley . 23. Wonford . 24. Tingbridge . 25. Exmister . 26. Heytor . 27. Liston . 28. Tave stock . 29. Roborough . 30. Plympton . 31. Armington . 32. Stanborough . 33. Colridge . A ABbotesham , Sheb . Agelsortwell , Hey . Alesbeare , East b. Alhallowes , Hayrtd . Alsheraphe , Witbr . Allington east , stan . Allington west , stan . Alme Flu. Alphington , won . Aluerdiscot , fre . Alwington , sheb . Ansley Mary , wit● . Annary , sheb . S. Annes Chappell , Brant . Anstie east , southmo . Anstie west , southmo . Apeley , Frem . Apledon , s●eb . Arlington , sher . Arme Flu. Armington ▪ arm . Armouth , arm . Armington , arm . Ashe , Brant . Ashe king● Northt . Ashberry Black. ASHBERTON , Ti. Ashbright , Bam. Ashcomb Exm. Ashford ▪ Brant . Ashford , Bam. Ashprington , Col. Ashregny , Northt Ashton , With. Ashton , Exm. Ashwater , Black. Atherington , Northt . Audley , sheb . Aueton gifford , arm . Aune Flu. Austerston , sheb . AVTREY , Mary Ot. Ax Flu. Axmister , Axm. Axmouth ▪ Axm. B Bag-point North. BAMPTON , Bam. BARNSTABLE , B. Barnstable , Bam. Bathe , Northt . Beaford , sheb . Beare clifton . Beareferris , Rob. Beere , cull . Bediford , sheb . Bediston , lyft . Belston , black . Bery point , Heyt . Bery Castle , heyt . Bery pomcry , heyt . Berrynerbert , brant . Beworthy Black. Bickley hayrid . Bickligh , Robor . Bickington , Ting . Bickington high , North. Bickington Abbors , Black. Bicton , East Bud. Bigbury arming . Bittedon , brant . Blakauton ▪ colr. Blakdon , heyt . Bonitracye , Ting . Bosingsale , colr. Bounden , colr. BOWE , North. Bradford , black . Bradford , Hayr . BRADINVCH , Ha. Bradston , lifton . Bradworthy , Black. Brampford speke , Won . Branscombe , cull . Branton , brant . Bratton lovelly , lift . Bratton flemyng , Bra. Bray Flu. Braye high , sher . Brendon , sher . BRENT south , stanb. Brentor , tavest . Briddestow , lift . Bridgford , VVonford . Bridgreuell , black . Brightley , southm . Brixham , Heyt . Brixton , Plymp . Brodwood kelly , bla . Brodwood wigier , ●i . Brushford , Northt . Buckland east , brant . Buckland west , brant . Buckland north , Rob. Buckland towsan , col . Buckland Monachop , Rob. Buckland Bruer , sheb . Buckland in the moore , Heyt . Buckland fylly , sher . Buckfastleigh , stan . Buckerell , Hem. Budleigh east , East b. S. Budox , Robor . Bulkworthy , bart . Bult poynt , stanb. Bundley , Northt . Burrinton , plymp. Burrington , Northt . Burlescombe , bamp. Butterley , clift . C Cadbery , Hayr . Cadbury , VVest b. Cadley hayrid . Callaton , Northt . Cannanleigh , Bamp . Cave , Tyvert . Caverleigh , Tyvert . Chareles , sherw . Chareles , south●m . Charleton , colrid . Challeigh , Northt . Chanon , VVonf. Chawley , VVith . CHEG●ORD , Won . Chekston . East b. Cheldon , VVith . Cherinton Fitz-paine , West . Cherinton bishops , Won . Cherston , heyt . Chestowe , stanb. Chettescomb . Tyvert . Chevelston , col . CHIDLEIGH , Ex. Chi●ton , colr. Chylinleigh , With. Chymley , sher . Chitlehampton , south . Chittenholt wood , south . Cholacombe , sher . Churstaunton , hem . Citington , heyt . Clavell , har . Clayhaydon , hem . Clayhanger , Bamp . Clannaborough , Nor. Clawton , Black. S. Clement , colr. Cliffe S. Mary , East b. Cliffe S. George , Ea. Cliffe S. Laurence , Cl. Cliffe honiton , East b. Cliffe brode , clif . Cliffe bishops , East b. Cliffe hiedon , clift . Clouelly , hart . Cockatree , Northt . Cockingtor● , bey . Coffinswell , bey . Colbrooke , cred . Collaton , arm . Collaton Rawley , East b. Columb John , VVon . Columb David , Hem. Columpton Flu. COLVMPTON , H Colruge , Northt . Culmestoke , hem . Cookberry , black . Combe , VVest b. Combe , Frem . Combe , cull . Combs poynt , Colr. Combe in tern , hey . Combing tynhead , VVon . Combyne , axm. Comb martyns , bran . Compton , bey . Compton gifford , Rob. Comranley , axm. Coplaston , cred . Connsbury , sher . Cornewood , arm . Corneworthy , colr. Cotleigh , cull . Cullacombe , lift . Cullyford , cull . CULLITON , Cull . Curriton , lift . Crecombe , VVith . CREDITON , cred . Credy Flu. Crekam , VVith . Crekerwell , VVon . Cryde , brant . Cryde bay . Cruse morchard , Wit. D Dalwood , axm. DARTMOUTH , C. Dartmouth castle , co . Dartmouth haven . Dartmoore , Rob. Dart Flu. Dartington . stanb. Dawligh , exm . Deane prior , stanb. Delbridge , VVith . Denbery , hey . Dexboro , black . Dipford , bamp. Dipford , stan Dittesham , colr. Dodbrooke , colr. Doddescombleigh , E. Dowlton , Northt . Downe S. Mary , Northt . Downland , North. Dowrish , VVest b. Dunchidock , Exm. Dunckswell old , hem . Dunsbroke Flu. Dunsford , VVon . Dunsland , black Dunterton , lift . E Eastdown , Bran. Ede , Exm. Edeford , Ting . Edgcombe , Rob. Edmeston , arm . Eford , Rob. Egifford , North. Eggbuckland , Rob. Ekbury , hart . Exe more , sher . Exe mouth East b. Exbridge , Bam. Exborne , black . Excester , VVon . Exmister , Exm. Ex Flu. F Farringdon , East b. Farwaye , cul . Fleer , arm . Fenantrye , East b. Fenton , hay . Fylleigh , bran . Ford , axm. Forton Flu. Fremington , Frem . Frithelstock sheb . Frobrian , hey . Fulford , VVon . Fulford , VVest b. G Gaymton , Hey . Georgehame , bran . Germans weeke , lift . Gidley , VVon . S. Giles , Frem . S. Giles in the heath , Black. Gillesham , cull . Gittisham , East b. Goodleigh , bran . Greneway , ●ey . H Hache , Stan. Hackpendown , hem . Halberton , arm . Halberton , hal . Hall , southm . Hallwell , black . Hallwell , colr. Hamford , black . Hampton high , black . Harberton , col . Harborn● Flu. Harforde , Arm. Harpford , East b. Harrowbridge , Rob. Hartland , hart . Hartland point , hart . HARTON , hart . Hatherland , Tyvert . HATHERLEY , bla● . Hayes , East b. Hayne lift . Hayne , VVest b. Haynton , sheb . High Haynton , black . Hele , Rob. Helwell , black . Hembury broad , hey . Hemiock , hem . Hempston broad , he . Hempston little , hey . Hennock , Ting . Hethberton , VVon . Hevitree , VVon . Hewishe , sheb . Hewishe south , stan . Hewishe north , stan . Highley , VVith . Highweek , Ting . Hittesley , VVon . S. Hob-poole , West b. Hocworthie , bamp. Holberton , arm . Holcomb , Mary-Ot . Holcombrogus , bamp. Holcomb burnel , Won Holdworthy , black . Holle , stan . Hollacomb , black . HONITON , Ax. Hope key , stan . Horwell , cred . Horwood , Frem . Huckham , hey . Huckesham , VVon . Hunichurch , black . Huntesham , Tivert . Hunshow , Frem . I Jacobstowe , black . Iddesieigh , sheb . Idford , Ting . ILFARCOMBE , Br. Ilton , stan . Ilsington , Ting . Ingerley , black . Ipplepen , hey . Juston , Frem . Ivybridge , arm . K Kawton black , colr. Kegbeare , black . Kellye , lift . Kenne , Exm. Kenne Flu. Kenford , Exm. Kennerley , cred . Kentisbeare , hay . Kentisbury , bran . Kenton , Exm. Keswell Kings , Hey . Keswell Abbots , Hey . Killmington , axm. Knighton , Ting . KINGSBRIDG , stan . Kingstanton , Ting . Kingston , arm . Kingswere , hey . Kingswer castle , hey . Kirstow , VVon . Knowston , southm . L Lamerton , lift . Langtree , sheb . Lankey , southm . Lapford , Northt . Lee North , black . Leigh North , cull . Leigh South , cull . Leman Flu. Lue North , black . Lewtrenchard , lift . Lyd Flu. Lydford , lift . Lymson , East . Lynam , plymp. Lynton , sher . Listleigh , Ting . Liston , lift . Littleham , sheb . Littleham , East b. Loddeswell , stan . Lox●eare , Tiver . Loxhorne , sher . Luckham , VVest b. Luffencott , black . Luppit , arm . M Maker , Robor . Malborough , stan . Manhedd , Exm. Manton , Ting . S. Maries , hey . S. Maries , S. Mary-O . Maristowe , lift . Marledon , hey . Marshe , arm . Marton , sheb . Martynhoe , sher . Marwood , bran . Membury , axm. Memland , axm. Mere , Tiver . Merland , sheb . Merland Peters , sheb . Meshewe , VVith . Mete , sheb . Mevychurch , Rob. Mewston , plymp. Mewston , hey . S. Michael , stan . S. Michael , cull . Mill. VVith . Milton south , stan . Milton damere , black . Milton Abbots , Tau . MODBURY , arm . Molland , south . Morchard bishops , cred . More hayes , hay . Mooreley , stan . MORETON , Ting . Moreton hampsted , Ting . Mortston , bran . Mort Bay , bran . Morthooe , bran . Moul Flu. Moulton north , south . MOULTON SOUTH , south . Mounsantie , axm. Muckenfeild , Northt . Munckle , sheb . Muckton , cull . Murbathe , bamp. Musbery , axm. N Nemett Kings , With. Nemett Bishops , Wit. Nemett S. George , south . Netherex , hay . Newncham , plymp. NEWTON Bishops , hey . Newton petrock , sher . Newton tracy , Frem . Newton ferris , arm . Newton fryers , cred . Newton , East b. S. Nicholas I le , Rob. Northlue , black . Northam , sheb . Northbonie , Ting . Northcott , black . North-ewe Flu. Norton Dawney , col . Notwell court , East b. Nymett tracye , north . Nymett Rowland , North. O Ocment Flu. Offwell , cull Ogwell east , VVonf. Ogwell west , VVonf. Okeford , VVith . OKEHAMPTON . Okehampton Moncks , black . Oldridge , cred . Orcharaton , arm . Otterford , hem . Ougborough , arm . Ounwell , arm . Overton , East b. Owelscombe , hem . Oxton , Exm. P Padstow , sheb . Pancrasweek , black . Paynesford , colr. Parkham , sheb . Parkham , hart . Paracombe , sher . Pavington , hey . Peamont , Exm. Pehembury , hay . Petherwya North , black . Petrockstowe , sheb . Petton , bamp. Pilton , bran . Pines , VVonf. Pinhawes , VVonf. Pyworthie , black . Plymouth , Rob. Plymouth Flu. Plymouth haven , Rob. PLYMPTON MARYES , P. Plympton Stock plym. Plympton Morris , Nym. Plymtree , hay . Poltimore , VVon . Pongill , VVest b. Poole south , colr. Portlecomb . colr. Portlidge , sheb Portlidge mouth , h●r . Porteston , arm . Potheridge , sheb . Powderham , Exm. Preston , Ting . Puddington , VVith . Punchardon , bam . Pusland , plym. Putford east , hart . Putford west , black . R Rackenford , VVith . Ralev , bram . Rashley , North. Rattery , stan . Redford , plym. Revellstoke , plym. Rew , VVon . Rinmore , arm . Rockbeare , East b. Romansley , VVith . Rose ashe , VVith . Rowborowe , from . S Salcombe , stan . Salcombe , East b. Salcombe haven , colr. Salterne , East b. Sampford peverall , Hal. Samford shyney , ' Rob. Samford courtney , Black. Sangford , cred . Stanton , bran . Saterleigh , southm . Sauldon , black . Seale , VVon . Seaton , cull . Shave , plymp. Shebbeare , sheb . Shepistor , Rob. Sherford , colr. Shepwaishe , sheb . Sherwell , sher . Shildon , Hay . Shillingford , Ex. Shilton , Arm. Shobrooke , VVest b. Shute , cull . Sidbury , East b. Sidmouth , East b. Sidnam north , lift . Sidnam south , lift . Silverton , Hay . Slade , Plym . Slapton , colr. Soureton lift . Sowton , VVon . Spraiton , VVon . Spurleston , plym. Staverton , Hey . Stockley English , VVest . Stockley pomery , VVest b. Stockland , ●xm . Stockley , VVest b. Stoford , arm . Stoke , VVon . Stoke Gabriell , Hey . Stoke Church , axm. Stoke rivers , sher . Stoke Damerell , Rob. Stoken tynhead , VVon . Stokenham , Colr. Stoke fleming , Col. Stonehouse , Rob. Store point , East b. Stowford , lift . Stretchley arm . Stretrawley , East b. Stretpoint , Colr. Stre●wood head , East b. Studley , VVith . Surcomb , black . Swimbridge , southm . T Tallaron , Hay . Tammerton floliet , Rob. Taynton bishops , Exm. Tanstock , Fre. TAVESTOCK , T. Tauye Mary , lift Tauye Peter , Rob. Tauye Flu. Tanton Bishops , south . Taunton north , Nor. Taunton south , VVon . Tawridge , cred . Tedborne , VVon Teyntondrewe , Won . Templeton , VVith . Tetcott black . TAVERTON , Ta. Thelbridge , VVith Therverton , West b. S. Thomas , VVons . Thornbery , black . Thorncomb , axm. Thornton , hay . Throuley , VVon . Thrushell Flu. Thrushelton , lift . Thurlestow , stan . Tidwell , East b. Tinge Flu. Tingmouth east , Exm. Tinmouth west , Exm. Tingrase , Ting . Topsham , VVon . Tor-bay , Hey . Tormoham , Hey . Tormount , Hey . Torrington land , Fr. Torrington little , sheb . Torrington black , Black. TORRINGTON , Fr. TOTNES , Colr. Townstall , Colr. Towridge Flu. Trawbridge , cred . Trebow , Black. Trenshoe , Bran. Trinitie Chappell , Hey . Tobrian , Hey . Trusham , Exm. Tuchyn , southm . Twitching , southm . V Venottery , East b. Vever Flu. Uscombe , Bamp . Ugbrocke , Ting . Virginstowe , Lift. Ulber , Hey . Vowelscombe , Arm. Upantre , axm. Upcote , sheb . Upleman , Tiver . Uplyme , axm. Upton pyne , VVon . Upton hellins , West b. Vynnyton , Hem. W Walkhampton , Rob. Wallopitt ▪ stan . VVambrooke . VVare , sheb . VVareley , Rob. Warkeleigh , southm Warpsley beacon , Wi. Warpsley hill , VVith . Washfeild Tiver . Washefeild , VVest b. Washford pyne , Wit. Wayton , Hey . Weare gifford , sheb . Welland , Hal. Welcombe , Hart. Wembworthy , North. Wenbery , plym. VVere , Won . Westcoote , Bran. Westdowne , Bran. Westleigh , Frem . VVeston peverell , Rob. VVhitchurch , Rob. Whitston , Won . VVidworthie , Cull . VVilsworth , Lift. VVimple , Clif. VVinckley , Northt . VVynston , arm . VVytheridge , With. VVithycombe , stan . VVithycombe , hey . Withycombe rawlew , East . Withycombe Chappell , East . VVognell East , Hey . VVognell West , Hey . Wolfradisworth , Ha. VVholley , sheb . Wolesworthy , With. VVood , stan . VVood , Hay . VVoodbury , East b. VVoodland , hey . VVoodland , a●m . VVoodley , stan . VVorington , Black. VVorlington East , With. VVorlington West , With. VVorthiham , lift . VVortley , southm . Y Yalme moth , Arm. Yalme Flu. Yaneton , Bran. Yaneton Court. Bran. Yarckcombe , Axm. Yealmpton , plym. Yarnescombe , Hart. Youlston , sher . Z Zaelmonaco , Northt . CORNVVALL ( as Matthew of Westminster affirmeth ) is so named , partly from the forme , and partly from her people : for shooting it selfe into the Sea like a Horne ( which the Britaines call Kerne ) and inhabited by them whom the Saxons named Wallia ; of these two compounded words it became Cornwallia . Not to trouble the Reader with the Fable of Corineus , cousin to King Brute , who in free gift received this Countie in reward of his prowesse for wrastling with the Giant Gogmagog , and breaking his necke from the Cliffe of Dover , as he of Monmouth hath fabuled . ( 2 ) Touching the temperature of this Countie , the aire thereof is cleansed as with Bellows , by the Billows that ever worke from off her environing Seas , where-thorow it becometh pure and subtill , and is made thereby very healthfull , but withall so piercing and sharpe , that it is apter to preserve then to recover health . The spring is not so early as in the more Easterne parts ; yet the Summer with a temperate heat recompenceth his slow fostering of the fruits , with their most kindly ripening . The Autumne bringeth a some what late harvest : and the Winter , by reason of the Seas warme breath , maketh the cold milder then elsewhere . Notwithstanding , that Countrey is much subject to stormie blasts , whose violence hath freedome from the open waves , to beat upon the dwellers at Land , leaving many times their houses uncovered . ( 3 ) The soile for the most part is lifted up into many hilles , parted asunder with narrow and short vallies , and a shallow earth doth cover their out-side , which by a Sea-weed called Ovewood , and a certaine kinde of fruitfull Sea-sand , they make so ranke and batten , as is uncredible . But more are the riches that out of those hills are gotten from the Mines of Copper and Tinne ; which Countrey was the first , and continueth the best stored in that Merchandize , of any in the world . Timaeus the Historian in Pliny reporteth , that the Britaine 's fetched their Tinne in wicker boats , stitched about with Lather . And Diodorus Siculus of Augustus Caesars time writeth , that the Britaine 's in this part di●ged Tinne out of stony ground , which by Merchants was carried into Gallia , and thence to Narbone , as it were to a Mart. Which howsoever the English-Saxons neglected , yet the Normans made great benefit thereof , especially Richard brother to King Henry the third , who was ●arl● of Cornwall , and by those Tinne-workes became exceedingly rich : for the incursions of the Moores having stopped up the Tinne-Mines in Spaine , and them in Germanie not discovered before the yeare of Christ 1240. th●se in Cornwall supplyed the want in all parts of the world . This Earle made certaine Tinne-Lawes , which with liberties and priviledges were confirmed by Earle Edmund his sonne . And in the dayes of King Edward the third , the Common-weale of Tinne-workes from one body was divided into foure , and a LordWarden of the Stanniers appointed their Iudge . ( 4 ) The Borders of this Shire on all parts but the East is bound in with the Sea : and had Tamer drawn his course but foure miles further to the North , betwixt this Countie and Devon shire , it might have been rather accounted an Iland , then stood with the Mayne . Her length is from Launston to the Land-end , containing by measure sixtie miles : and the broadest part , stretching along by the Tamer , is fully fortie , lessening thence still lesser like a horne . ( 5 ) The ancient Inhabitants knowne to the Romans , were the Danmonii , that spread themselves further into Devon-Shire also , by the report of Diodorus Siculus , a most courteous and civill people : and by Michael their Poet extolled for valour and strength of limmes : nor therein doth he take the libertie that Poets are allowed , to adde to the subject whereof they write , but truely reporteth what we see by them performed , who in activitie surmount many other people . When the Heathen Saxons had seated themselves in the best of this Land , and forced the Christian Britaines into these rockie parts , then did Cornwall abound in Saints , unto whose honour most of the Churches were erected , by whose names they are yet knowne and called . To speake nothing of Vrsula that Counties Dukes daughter , with her companie of canonized Virgin-Saints , that are now reputed but to trouble the Calendar . These Britaine 's in Cornwall to fenced the Countrey , and defended themselves , that to the raigne of King Athelstane they held out against the Saxons , who subduing those Westerne parts , made Tamer the Bounder betwixt them and his English , whose last Earle of the British Bloud was called Candorus . ( 6 ) But William the Bastard created Robert ( his halfe-brother by Herlotta their mother ) the first Earle of the Normans race : and Edward the Blacke Prince , the ninth from him , was by his Father King Edward the third invested the first Duke of Cornwall , which Title ever since hath continued in the Crowne . ( 7 ) The commodities of this Shire , ministred both by Sea and Soyle , are many and great : for besides the abundance of Fish that doe suffice the Inhabitants , the Pilchard is taken , who in great skuls swarme about the coast , whence being transported to France , Spaine , and Italie , yeeld a yearly revenew of gaine unto Cornwall : wherein also Copper and Tinne so plentifully grow in the utmost part of this Promontory , that at a low water the veines thereof lie bare , and are seene : and what gaine that commoditie begets , 1s vulgarly known . Neither are these Rockes destitute of Gold nor Silver , yea and Diamonds shaped and pointed Angle-wise , and smoothed by Nature her selfe , whereof some are as bigge as Walnuts , inferiour to the Orient onely in blacknesse and hardnesse . Many are the Ports , Bayes , and Havens that open into this Shire , both safe for arrivage , and commodious for transport ; whereof Falmouth is so copious , that an hundred Ships may therein ride at anchor apart by themselves , so that from the tops of their highest Masts they shall not see each other , and lie most safely under the windes . ( 8 ) This Countie is fruitfull in Corne , Cattle , Sea fish , and Fowle : all which , with other provisions for pleasures and life , are traded thorow twenty-two Market-Townes in this Shire , whereof Launston and Bodman are the best ; from which last , being the middle of the Shire , the Pole is elevated to the degree of Latitude 50.35 . minutes , and for Longitude from the first West point , 15.13 . minutes , as Mercator hath measured them . ( 9 ) Memorable matters both for antiquitie and strangenesse of fight , are these : At Boskenna upon the South-west of her Promontory , is a Trophy erected , which are eighteene Stones placed round in compasse , and pitched twelve foot each from others , with another farre bigger in the very center . These doe shew some Victory there attained , either by the Romans , or else King Athelstane . At the foot of the Rocks neere unto S. Michaels Mount , in the memory of our Fathers , were digged up Speare-heads , Axes , and Swords of Brasse , wrapped in linnen , the weapons that the Cimbrians and ancient Britaines anciently used . At Camelford likewise peeces of Armours both for horse and man , are many times found in digging of the ground , imputed to be the signes of that fight wherein Mordred was slaine , and wherein great Arthur received his deaths wound , And at Castle-Dennys are the Trenches wherin the Danes lodged when they first minded to subdue the Land. In the Parish S. Clare , two stones are pitched , one of them inscribed with a strange Character , and the other called the other halfe stone : the formes whereof we have expressed in the Mappe . The Hurlers also , fabuled to be men metamorphosed into stones ; but in truth shew a note of some victorie , or else are so set for Land-markes Bounders . There also the Wring cheese doth shew it selfe , which are huge Rocks heaped one upon another , and the lowest of them the least , fashioned like a Cheese , lying pressed under the rest of those Hilles , which seemeth very dangerous to be passed under . But neere to Pensans , and unto Mounts bay , a farre more strange Rocke standeth , namely , Main Amber , which lyeth mounted upon others of meaner size , with so equall a counterpoize , that a man may move it with the push of his finger , but no strength remove it out of his place . ( 10 ) Religious houses built , and suppressed within the limits of Cornwall , the fairest and greatest for account , were Launston , S. Neotes , S. Buriens , S. Michaels Mount , and S. Germans a Bishops See : so was Bodman also , from whence King Edward the Confessor removed it unto the Cities of Excester . ( 11 ) The division of this Shire is into nine Hundreds , wherein are seated twentie-two Market-Townes , and 161. Parish-Churches , whose names are Alphabetically gathered in the Table of this Chapter annexed . map of Cornwall CORNWALL Hundreds in Cornwall . 1. PEnwith . 2. Kerrier . 3. Pider . 4. Powder . 5. West . 6. Lesnewth . 7. Trigge . 8. Stratton . 9. East . A Aborrows , Kerrier . Adven , Lesnew. S. Agnis , Pid . S. Allan , Powd . Alan flu , Trig. All●●combe , strat . Alternon , Lesnew. Castle Andenas , Pid . Anowtham , pen. Anstell ▪ powd . Anthony , powd . Anthony East , East . Anthony West , East . S. Anthony in menege , Ker. Ancron , Kerrier . Ardevora , powd . Arthurshall , Trig. Arwanack , Ker. Arwothall , Ker. Asalt , East . Ashfield , powd . B Bake , East . Ba●lyn , Pid . Barrete , powd . Bedeve , Trig. Bedwyn , Trig. Beedshaven , strat . Benaflock , powd . Benallock , Kerry . S. Benet , Pid . Benye , Lesnew. Bere , strat . Beriobridge , East . Berose , Trig. Besill , Lesnew. Betonet , East . Bickton , East . Bindon beacon , We. Binerton , Kerry Blackbitille point , West . Blaise , powd . Blislond , Trig. Blostenim , East . Bochym ▪ Kerry . Boconock , West . Bodregan , powd . BODMAN , Trig. Bodrigy , Pen. Bolisto , Pen. Bonython , Kerry . Borden , strat . Borrow , strat . Botadon , East . Botalleck , pen. Botsboro , strat . Bolcastle , Lesnew. Boskenna , pen. Bossassill , pen. Bosvergus , pen. Boyton , stratt . Breage , Kerry . Breland I le , pen. Br●n● , pid . S. Breock , pid . Breward , Trig. Bridgrule , strat . B●odocke , West . Brouagelly , west . Buckern , Trig. Buckehy , Trig. Budocke , Kerry . Burgus , pid . Burian , pen. S. Burien , pen. Burlace , pid . Burnere , Trig. Byneth wood , East . Bynnawy , strat . C Calstocke , East . Camborne , pen. CAME●FORD , Le. Canalegie , pid . Canyjeck , pen. Caradon Beacon , East . Carantack , pid . Cardynbam , West . Cargallomb , West . Cargem , East . Carmyono , Kerry . Carnonbigh , pen. Carnon , pid . Carock passage , west . Caraglowse , pen. Cary bay , powd . Casthorne , pen. Cayne , West . Cayne bridge , West . Chasfrench , East . Cheswring , East . Clayper bridge , East . Cleader , Les. S. Cleere , West . S. Clement , powd . S. Clements I le , pen. Clifton , East . Clowans , pen. Cober Flu. Colan little , pid . COLUMB great , pid . Columb lesse , pid . Colquite , powd . Combe , powd . Constenton , Ker. Corbullock Parke , East . Cornely , powd . Cortether , West . Coswyn , penw . Court , powd . Cousham bay , East . Crackington , Les. Creed , powd . Crigmere , pid . Crocadon , East . Crosthole , East . Crowan , pen. Cubye , powd . Curye , Kerry . Coswath , ped . Cuttcall , East . Cuttbert , pid . The ruines of a Castle , pen. D Davidstone , Les. S. Daye , Kerry . S. Dennis , powd . Denmer bridge , Trid. Dewloe , West . S. Dominick , East . Dounstocke , Le. Dosmery poole , West . Driffe , pen. Duckpoole , strat . Dudman point , powd . Dulo , West . Dunacombe , strat . Dunhevid , alias East . Daunceston , East Dyzarde , les . E S. Earth , East . S. Eartham , pen. Edith Chappell , Trig. Edgcombe , East . Estorde , strat . Eglosaile , Trig. Egloskerry , East . Endellion , Trig. Enis , Kerry . Enedor , pid . Erme , powd . Erne , East . Ervan , pid . Ethy , West . Eva , powd . Evall , pid . F Fawey ●lu . Falmouth haven , powd . Fentongallon , powd . Feocke , powd . Forybery , Les. Foy Well , Les. FOYE , powd . Foye haven , West . Frisie , Kerry . G Garlyn , pen. Gennis , Les. S. Germans , East . Germow , Kerry . Gerrance , powd . Gillet , Les. Gluvyns , Kerry . Glyman , pid . Glynford , West . Gnarnack , powd . Godolphyn , Kerry . Godolphyn Hall , Ker. Golant , powd . Golden , powd . Goon hilly downes , Kerry . Golsury , pen. Grade , Kerry . GRAMPOUND , powd . Greston , East . Gudreny Isle , pen. Gulnall , pen. Gullrock , pen. Gunhaskyn , pid . Gunwalow , Kerry . Gunwallaw Mount , Kerry . Grendron , Kerry . S. Gurran , powd . Gwindrath Bay , powd . Gwinier , pen. Gwithion , pen. Gwyn Rocke , powd . Gwynap , Kerry . H Hacton , East . Hal● Flu. Hall , VVest . Ham , strat . Harlyn , pid . Haye , East . Helegan , Trig. Helford Haven , Ker. Helland , Trig. Helland bridge , Trig. Hensbery ▪ powd . Helset , Les. HELSTONE , Ker. Helstonford , East . Hillary , pen. Hilston , strat . Hinckons downe , East . Hurlers , East . I Jacobstowe , strat . Ilcombe , strat . Illogan , pen. S. Johns , Kerry . S. Johns , East . S. Islac , pid . S. ITHIES , pen. S. Ithies bay , pen. S. Ive , East . Kern Ivis , pen. S. Just ▪ powd . S. Just , pen. K Karnusack , pen. S. Keave , west . Kellington , East . Kennegy , pen. Kenwyn , powd . Kergoe , pid . Kern bridge , East . Kernbray , pen. Kerneth , powd . Karnmargh Beacon , pen. Kernsew , Kerry . Kelstle , Kerry . Keswell , Trig. S. Keverne , Kerry . S. Kewe , Trig. Kibberd , pid . Kilguh , pen. Killiow , powd . Kilkamton , strat . Kiliegath , west . Killigrew ▪ powd . Kilmarr , East . Kickleo , Ker. Kirthies , pen. Armed pen. Knight , pen. L Ladocke , powd . Uny pen. Lalant , pen. Lalant , pen. Lamchan , west Lamorram , powd . Lamornye point , pen. Labren , pid . Lanbrigan , pid . Ladew , East . Landewenak , Kerry . Landilpe , East . Lands end , pen. Lancaste , East . Langdon , strat . Langford , strat . Langhadern , powd . Lanhidrocke , pid . Lanivett , pid . Lanlyverrye , powd . Lanno , Trig. Lanrake , East . Lanrest , west . Lansarllos , west . Lanteglas , Les. Lanteglos , west . Lanwarnock , west . Lounce , powd . Launcells , strat . LAUNSTON , Ea. S. Laurence , Trig. Lawannicke , East . Lawhitton , East . Lawreth , west . Lee , strat . Lean Castle , East . Lelant , pen. Lepperry , pid . Lesante , East . Lesnewth , Les. Lesterman , powd . Levan , pen. Levethan , Trig. Lezante , ●ast . Lezard , Kerry . Lezard point , Kerry . Linkynhorne , East . Liver Flu. Looburg East , west . The Lowe , Kerry . Loo Flu. Lowe East , west . LOWE West , west . Ludgnam , pen. Luggan , pen. Lugion , pen. Luland Isle , Trig. Port powd . Luny , powd . Luxulian , powd . LYSKERD , we . LYSTWITHIEL , powd . M Mabe , Kerry . S. Mabyn , Trig. Madern , pen. Madern , pen. Madern Well , pen. Magdalen Chappell . Kerry . Maker , East . Malader , powd . Manacka , Kerry . The Manacles , Ker. Maniton , East . Manyng , strat . Markam Church , strat . MARKASIEW ▪ pen. Martherderna , pen. S. Martins , west . Martyn , Ker. S. Martyn , west . Maugan , pid . Mawgan , Kerry . Mawla , pen. Mawnan , Kerry . The Meere , strat . Melocke , Les. S. Mellyn , East . Menchilly powd . Merin , pid . Merthen , Kerry . Merther , powd . Merther Uvy , Kerry . Mevagesie , powd . Meynamber , Kerry . Michael Chap , Trig. S. Michaels Chappell . pen. Michael , pid . Michael carheis , powd . S. Michaels Isle , west . S. Michaels Mount , pen. S. Michaels , powd . Michelstowe , Les. MILBROOKE , Ea. S. Minyer , Trig. Moares , Kerry . and powd . Moorekirslow , strat . Moran , powd . Moris , strat . Morva , pen. Morvall , west . Morvale , west . Morvath , pen. Mounts Bay , pen. MOUSHOLE , p. Mowan , powd . S. Mo●e , powd . S. Moscea , powd . Mudgian , Kerry . Mullian , Kerry . Myler Pooles , Kerry . Mynheniott , East . Mynster , Les. N Nans , pen. Nantgissallcove , pen. N●te point , Kerry . S Neott , west . Newbridge , East . Newhe●s , East . Newies , pid . Newlin , pen. Newlyn , pid . Newport , East . Newton , East . S. Nighton , west . Northill , East . Notterbridge , East . Norton , Strat. O Otterham , Les. P PADDESTOW , p. Padstow haven , pid . Passage , Kerry . Paulchurch , pen. Pawton , pid . Pedmandow , pen. Pellamontayne , pid . Pellees , pid . Pelyn , powd . Pelynt , west . Pencrek , west . Pender , pen. Pendenys , Kerry . Penden Aud , pen. Penden Vow , pen. Pendre , Trig. Pengersicke , Kerry . Pengwenyon point . Ker. Penhall , East . Penhall , Trig. Penhale , pid . Penkenell , powd . Penlene , Les. P●nlett point , East . Penpoint , Trig. Penro● , pen. Penros , Kerry . PENRYN , Ker. Pensand , Les. PENSANS , pen Penshere , Trig. Pensiguance , Kerry . Pentuan , powd . Pentuane , powd . Penuose , Trig. Penwarne , powd . Penwarren , Kerry . Peran in the Sands , pid . Peran Uthno , pen. Peram Arwothall , Ker. Peramthno , pen. Perose , Trig. Petherick little , pid . Petherwyn South , East . Phillacke , pen. Philly , powd . Pill , powd . Pillaton , East . Pincheley , west . Plesh-bridge , East . Plinte , west . P●ffill , strat . Pokenhorn , pen. Polgrene , pid . Polharma , powd . Polkeries , powd . Polmere , powd . Polmarique , pid . Polnan , west . Polomawgon , west . Polperrye , west . Polruddon , powd . Polterworgy , Trig. Polwhele , powd . Ponallom , Les. Ponde , East . Poole , East . Porkellyes , Kerry . Port Hiot , East . Portcuruo , pen. Portlunz , powd . Porthilly , Trig. Portillye , powd . Portissicke , Trig. Portkeveren Cove , Trig. Portlevan , Kerry . Portquyn , Trig. Poughill , strat . Pounstocke , Les. Predannor point , Kerry . Premadart , west . Pridiaux great , pid . Pridiaux herte , powd . Probus , powd . Pulsath , strat . S. Pynnock , west . Q Quethiock , East . R Rame , East . Rame head , East . Redruth , pen. Relubas , pen. Repryn , Trig. Rescosa , powd . Reskymer , Kerry . Roche , powd . The Rock , Kerry . Rosland , powd . Roskestall , pen. Rosmoran , pen. Rowtore , Trig. Royalton , pid . Ruan , pid . Ruan lanihorne , powd . Ruan little , Kerry . Ruan great , Kerry . Rudgwary● , East . Ruchaell Penkevill , powd . Ruscarrak , Trig. Ruscrew , Kerry . S SALTASH , East . Sancred , pen. S. Saviours , pid . S. Saviour , west . Scales , pen. Senan , pen. Sener Castle , pen. Sheviocke , East . Shillingham , East . Sithny , Kerry . Skewes , Kerry . Skey , powd . Skyberio Kerry . Sleven , pen. Southill , East . Spargor , Ker. S. Stephens , East . S. Stephens in brannell , powd . Stithians , Ker. Stoke clyms●and , Ea. Stow , strat . STRATTON , strat . Stratton century , strat . Stuppert point , pid . Swanacole , strat . Sythy bay , west . T Talland , west . Talland point , west . Talvar , pen. Talvern , powd . Tamar Flu. Tamerton , Strat. Tamyll , Les. Tamsquyte , Trig. S. Teath , Trig. Teluddy , pen. Temple , Trig. Terladinas , pen. Tewedneke , pen. Theram , Kerry . Ther●ck , powd . S. Thomas , East . Thurleber , Strat. Tintagell , Les. Tintagell Castle , Les. Tophowses , West . Toplendycon . Trig. Towne , pid . Towyn , powd . Tragardon , powd . Trebasteall , Les. Trebe Ive , pid . Treberock , Trig. Trebigh , East . Treburget , Trig. Trecarrell , East . Tredegy , Les. Treduneck , pid . Tredruston , pid . Trefrew , strat . Trefusus , Ker. Tregarden , Trig. Tregare , powd . Treganethaw , powd . Tregadyan , powd . Tregarget , Trig. Tregenno , pen. Tregernon , Les. Tregonock , East . TREGONEY , pow . Tregonnon , powd . Tregoodock , East . Treguir , Trig. Tregull , East . Tregunnon , powd . Trehan , powd . Treharrew , Les. Treistick , powd . Trekeve , West . Trelasse , Trig. Trelaske , East . Trelauke , East . Trelawn , West . Trelawerren , Kerry . Trelisticke , pid . Trelovowith , powd . Tremalye , West . Trematon , East . Trembrose , Ker. Tremssy , pid . Tremene , East . Trenalgo , Les. Treneglos , Les. Trengove , West . Trenowth , powd . Trenowth , Pid . Trentwith , Pen. Treragger , Trig. Trerent , Pen. Trerise , Pid . Trerose , Ker. Tresiliang bridge , Powd . Tresilian , Powd . Tresmere , Trig. Tresmere , East . Treso , Trig. Tresunger , Trig. Tresusus , ker . Treswithin , Pen. Tretallock , Pid . Tretheag Flu. Trothevy Stones , West . Trethilly , Powd . Trethune , Pid . Trethurse , Powd . Trevabees , kerry . Trevacus , Powd . Trevalgon , Pen. Trevalgy , Les. Trevasus , Powd . Trevegay , Trig. Treverne , Pid . Trevena , Pid . Trevena , Les. Trevenner , Pid . Trevera , Pid . Trevethock , kerry . Trevillet , Les. Trevill , Pen. Trevilleck , Powd . Trevins , kerry . Trevifly , Pid . Trevithick , Powd . Trevona , Powd . Trevoura , Pid . Trevonth , West . Trewardinock , Pow. Trewardreth Baye , Pow. Trewardreth ▪ Powd . Trewargon , West . Trewathe , Pid . Trewen , East . Trewerveneth , Pen. Trewnard , Pen. Trevins , kerry . Trewino , Powd . Trewindle , Trig. Trewolfe , pen. Treworgan , powd . Treworgans , pen. Tremorgye , West . Trewothath , kerry . Trewullock , pid . Trewynon , pid . Trimguenton , pen. Trincow , pid . Trinitie , powd . Trithall , kerry . TRURO , powd . S. Tudy , Trig. S. Tue , powd . Tuis , kerry . Twidnack ▪ pen. Tyninghouse , West . V Valle Flu. S. Udye , Trig. S. Veepe , West . Vertian , powd . Ugboroe , Strat. Uvy , pen. W Wadefast , Strat. Warlegon , West . Warpstowe , Les. Weeke S. Maries , Strat. Wenne , pid . WESTLOE , West . Westnarth , West . Whalsborow , Strat. Whitsand Baye , pen. Whitstone , Strat. Wicke , kerry . Windsor , pid . Withiall pid . Wotton , East . Wulston , Les. S. Winnow , West . Wynnyton , kerry . Z Zenor , pen. Zwallock , Trig. SVMMERSET-SHIRE is both a rich and spacious Countrey , having the Severne Sea beating upon it on the North-side , the South part bordering upon Devon and Dorset-shires , the West confined with Devon-shire , and the East and North-East upon Wilt-shire , and Gloucester-shire . It tooke the name of Sommerton ( sometime the chiefe Towne of this Shire ) whence in the ancient Historian Asserius , this Countie is called Sommertunensis , that is , Sommortun-shire . ( 2 ) The forme thereof is large , bearing it selfe still wider as it stretcheth into the middle part thereof , and containes in length from Brackley neere unto Frome-Selwood Eastward , to Oure in the West , Miles fiftie five . In breadth from Porshut-point in the North , to Chard South-ward , is some what above fortie miles . The whole circumference is about 204. miles . ( 3 ) The Ayre is milde and pleasing , and for the most part subject to such temperate dispositions as the Sommer season affordeth , whence some have erroniously conceited that the Region borrowed her name from the nature of her Clime : yet how delightfull so ever it is in the time of Sommer , with change of the season it may well change her pleasing name , and borrow some Winterly denomination ; so full of wet , so myrie and moorish it is ; in so much as the Inhabitants can hardly travell to and fro without their great encombrance . ( 4 ) How be it they passe over this with all patience , knowing their ensuing seasonable profits farre to exceede any present detriments and displeasures : for as it is foule , so it is fruitfull , which makes them comfort themselves with this Proverbe , that What is worst for the Rider , is best for the abider : the Soyle and Glebe thereof being very fertile , and every side garnished with Pastures and delightfull Meadowes , and beautified with Mannor houses both many and fayre ; and ( in a word ) hath every thing in it to content the purse , the heart , the eye , at home : and sufficient Ports to give entertainement to Commodities from abroad . ( 5 ) The ancient Inhabitants that possessed this Province were the Belgae , who spread themselves far and wide , aswell here as in Wilt-shire , and the inner parts of Hampshire ; who being branched from the Germans , conferred the names of those places from whence they came , upon these their seats where they resided . ( 6 ) The generall profits of this Province are Corn and Cattell , wherewith it is so plentifully stored as it may challenge any neighbouring Countrey for the quantitie to make shew of Cattle so fat , or Graine so rich . Some places are peculiarly enriched by Lead-mynes , as Mindsphils , ( perchance so called of the deepe Mynes ) by Leiland aptly termed Minerarii , Minerall hils , which yeeld plenty of Lead , the most Merchantable commoditie that is in England , and vented into all parts of the world . Some are beautified with Diamonds , as Saint Vincent Rocke , whereof there is great plenty , and so bright of colour , as they might equalize Indian Diamonds , if they had their hardnesse : yet being so many and so common , they are lesse sought after or commended . ( 7 ) This Country is famoused by three Cities , Bath , Wels , and Bristow . The first takes name of the hot Bathes , which Antonine called Aquae Solis , The waters of the Sunne ; Stephanus , Badiza ; we at this day Bath , and the Latinists Bathonia : a place of continuall concourse for persons of all degrees , and almost of all diseases , ( whence it was sometimes called Akeman cester ) who by divine providence doe very often finde reliefe there , the Springs thereof by reason of their Minerall and sulphurous passage , being of such exceeding power and medicinable heat , as that they cure and conquer the rebellious stubbornnesse of corrupt humours , in respect of which admirable vertues some have fabled , that they were first conveyed by Magicke-Art . To testifie the antiquitie of this place , many Images and Romane Inscriptions are found in the wals , which can now be hardly read , they are so worne and eaten into by age . Wels ( as Leiland reporteth ) was sometimes called Theodorodunum , but from whence it had that denomination he makes no mention : The name it now beareth is taken ( as some thinke ) from the River there , which King Kinewulph in his Charter An. 766. calleth Welwe , or ( as others ) from the Wels or Springs which there breake forth , and whereupon that See ( under whose Iurisdiction is also the Citie of Bathe ) hath beene anciently called Fontanensis Ecclesia , the Fountaine Church : where the Cathedrall built by King Inas to the memory of S. Andrew is very beautifull and richly endowed . The Citie is likewise well replenished both with Inhabitants and seemly buildings . Whose government is managed by a Maior yeerely elected , a Recorder and seven Masters , having the assistance of sixteene Burgesses , a Towne-Clerke , and two Sergeants at Mace. Whose Latitude is 51.20 . minutes , and Longitude 17.31 . minutes . Bristow is not so ancient , as it is faire and well seated : The beautie of it being such , as for the bignesse thereof , it scarce gives place to any Citie of England , and doth worthily deserve the Saxon name Bright-stad : whose pleasantnesse is the more , by reason that the River Avon scowres through the midst of it , which together with the benefit of Sewes under all the streets , cleares the Citie of all noysome filth and uncleannesse . It is not wholly seated in this Countie of Sommerset , but one part thereof in Gloucestershire ; but because it is an entire Countie of it selfe , it denies subjection unto either , having for its owne government both a Bishop with a well furnished Colledge , and a Maior with a competent assistance of Aldermen , and other Officers for Civill affaires . ( 8 ) This Province hath beene the Theater of many Tragicall events and bloody Battels : the Danes did grievously afflict Porlock by cruell Piracies , in the yeere eight hundred eightie sixe . Yet neere unto Pen a little village neighbouring upon North Cadbury , Edmund surnamed Iron-side , gave them a notable foyle , as he was pursuing Canutus from place to place , for usurping the Crowne of England . And Keniwalch ( a West Saxon ) in the same place had such a day against the Britaines , that they ever after stood in awe of the English-Saxons prowesse . Marianus relateth that not farre from Bridge-water as the Danes were stragling abroad , Ealstan Bishop of Sherbourne did so foyle their forces in the yeere 845. as their minds were much discomfited and their powers utterly disabled . Ninius also writeth that King Arthur did so defeat the English-Saxons in a battle at Cadbury , that it deserved to be made perpetuously memorable . Neither is Mons Badonicus ( now Bannesdown ) lesse famous for Arthurs victories . And King Elfred in another battell not farre from hence gave the Danes such an overthrow as he forced them to submission , and induced Godrus their King to become a Christian , himselfe being God-father to him at the Font. So happy is this Region , and so beholding to Nature and Art for her strengths and fortifications , as she hath alwaies beene able to defend her selfe and offend her enemies . ( 9 ) Neither hath it beene lesse honoured with beauteous houses consecrated to Religion : such was that of Black-Chanons at Barelinch in the first limit of this Shire Westward : and King Athelstan built a monastery in an Iland called Muchelney ( that is to say ) the great Iland , which is between the Rivers Iuel and Pedred , running together ; where the defaced wals and ruines thereof are yet to be seene , King Henry the third also erected a Nunnery at Witham , which was afterwards the first house of the Carthusian Monks in England , as Hinton not farre off was the second . But above all other for antiquitie , glory and beauty was the Abbey of Glastenbury , whose beginning is fetcht even from Ioseph of Arimathea which Devi Bishop of S. Davids repaired being fallen to ruine , and King Inas lastly builded a faire and stately Church in this Monastery , though it be now made even with the ground , the ruines onely shewing how great and magnificent a Seat it hath anciently beene ; which severall houses were thus beautified by bounteous Princes , for religious purposes , and to retire the mind from worldly services , though blinded times and guides diverted them to superstitious and lewd abuses . ( 10 ) Other memorable places are these , Camalet a very steepe hill hard to be ascended , which appeares to have beene a worke of the Romanes by divers Coynes digged up there , on the top whereof are seene the lineaments of a large and ancient Castle , which the Inhabitants report to have been the Palace of King Arthur . Ilechester , which at the comming of the Normans was so populous , that it had in it an hundred and seven Burgesses , and it appeares to be of great antiquitie by the Romane Caesars Coines oftentimes found there . The Church-yard of Avalonia or Glassenbury , where King Arthurs Sepulcher was searcht for by the command of King Henry the second , which was found under a stone , with an Inscription upon it fastned , almost nine foot in the ground . Also Dunstere , where ( as is reported ) a great Lady obtained of her husband so much Pasture ground in common by the Towne-side , for the good and benefit of the Inhabitants , as she was able in a whole day to goe about bare-foote . This County is divided into 42. Hundreds for the disposing of businesse needfull to the State thereof , wherein are placed 33. Market-Townes , fit for buying and selling , and other affaires of Commerce . It if fortified with foure Castles , and planted with 385. Parishes , for concourse for Divine service , as is denoted in the Table following . map of Somersetshire SOMERSET_SHIRE Described : ād into HUNDREDS devided , with the plott of the famous and most wholsom waters and citie of the BATHE . HVNDREDS in Sommerset-shire . 1. CHewe . 2. Chewton . 3. Bathforme . 4. Keynsham . 5. Bruton . 6. Cattesayshe . 7. Norton Feriis . 8. Frome . 9. Wellow . 10. Killmersdon . 11. Glaston . 12. Horethorne . 13. Wels and Welford . 14. Whitston . 15. Taunton . 16. North Curry . 17. Milverton . 18. Carhampton . 19. Wylliton and Freemannor . 20. Whitleigh . 21. Cannington . 22. North Petherton . 23. Anderfield . 24. Huntspil and Puriton . 25. Abdicke . 26. Bulston . 27. Kingsbury . 28. South Petherton . 29. Crewkerne . 30. Sommorton . 31. Pitney . 32. Stone . 33. Tintinhull . 34. Hundsborough . 35. Barwicke . 36. Coker . 37. Martock . 38. Winterstoake . 39. Portbury . 40. Bempston . 41. Brent . 42. Hartcliffe , and Bedminster . A Abbottelye , Abdick . Abbas combe , H●r●thor . Arisholt , Cannington . Alford , Cattes . Alfoxton , Wylli . Adber of Barwich hun . Hore . Alhampton , W●●t . Allerford , Carna● . Allerton , C●mp . Almersworthy , Car. Almisford , Cart●s . Alson Maries , Bemp. Angellsey , Taunt . Anthony , Sommer . Apitcombe , Cattes . Ashbrittell , Melver . Ashcott , VVhat . Ashholt , Canning . Ashe , Marteck . Ashton , VVhitol . Ashwick , Killmer . Ashhill , A●deck . Ashington , Stone . Auler , Sommer . Audremore , Whitle . Aveland Island , Glas. Audre , Wh●tle . Avon , flu . Port. AXBRIDGE , Wint. Axe flu . Bemp. B Babington , Killmer . Babcarye , Cattes . Baddesworth , Wint. Baddleton , Milver . West Bagbarrowe , Taunt . Balsborow , Glas. Balsborowwood , Glas. Bandrip , North-P● . Banwell , VVint. B●rle flu Carham . Ba●kly , Frome . Barton . North. Barwicke , Barwicke . South Barrow , Cattes . Barrow , Bed. Barrington , South . P● . North Barrow , Cattes . Bastian bridge , Whitle . Batcombe , VVhit . Bathford , Bath . Bathweek . Bath . BATH CITIE , Bath . Hatch Beauchampe , Bath . Beckington , Frome . Bedminster , Bed. Beere , Canning . Billinton , Keyn . Benager , Killmer . Barrington of Brent hundred , Wint. Berrough , Brent . South Brent . Brent . Bicknaller , Wyllit. Bickneell , Abdick . Bilsham , Bemp. Bingham , Coker . Bishopton , Tin●in . Bisport , Bed. Bittescombe , Wyllit. Blackford , W●it●e . Blackford , Bemp. Blackford , Car. Blackdon , Wint. Blagdon , Taunt . Blackwell , B●d . Bleydon , Wint. Boncaston , Bath . Bosington , Carham . Bowe● , North Pet. Bradford , Taunt . Bradley , VVhit . Bradley , Glas. North Bradon , Abdick . South Bradon , Bulst . Brayne , Bemp. Brenham , Brut. Brent Marsh , Brem . and Wi East Brent . Brent . West Brent , Brent . Bow-bridge , Hound . BRIDGEWATER , Nor. Brimpton , Stone . Brislington , Keyn . BRISTOLL a Citie . Brockley of Cheweton hund . Bed. Brockley , Chew . Brodway of Abdick hund . Sou. P● . Brodweldon , Bed. Browne , Carham . Burham , Brut. Brumfield , Andros . Brumpton Raffe VVyllit . Kings Brumpton , VVyllit . BRVTON , Brut. West Buckland of North Cu. hundred , Milver . Buckland , Kell . Buckland fee , North P●● . Buckland marye , Bulst . Burcombe lodge , Brut. Burcot , Welles . Burland , Taunt . Burnham , Bemp. Burnet , Keyn . Burtle-house , Whitle . Burton , Cattes . Burton , Bed. Bushforde , VVyllit . Butcombe , Bed. Butley , Whitle . C South Cadbu●y , Cattes . North Cadbury , Cattes . Camely , Chewton . West Camell . Sommer . Cameleke Castle , H●●e . Queenes CAMMELL , Cattes . Cammerton , VVella . CANESHAM , Keyn . Camington , Canning . Castle Caree Cattes . Little Carew , Sommer . Carhampton , Carham . Carisitzpain , VVhitl . Cast , ●r●me . Castlelleary , Cattes . Catcott , 〈◊〉 . Cattern , Bath . Cathange● , VVyllit . Chafcomb , South-Pet . CHARDE , King. Chardland , King. Charsinch , North-Pet . Charlton Canuill , Hert. Charleton , Keyn . Charleton musgrove , Norton . Charlecombe , C●●● . West Charleton , Whit. East Charleton , S●mmer . Charterhouse , K●ll . Charterhouse , Wint. Chedder , Wint. Chedder Rock , VVint. Cheddon , Taunt . Chedsey , North-pet . Chellington , South-pet Chelton , Whitle . Chelworth , Keyn . Cheriton , H●re . Chesterblade , Wells . Cheveley of Chewton hun . Pod. Chewton Canesham , Keyn . Cheweton , Clawton . Chewstock Chew . Chilcompton , Chew . Chilton of Barwick hun . Hor. Chilton , Canning . Chilton , North-pet . Chilton d●mmer , Stone East Chinock , Hound . Middle Chinock , Hound . West Chinock , Hound . Chipstable , VVylli . Chiston , VVint. Chue flu . Chew . Bishops Chue Chew . Churchland , Bemp. Churchill , VVint. Chuton meudip . Chew . Clatworthy , VVyllit . Clauford , Fr●me . Claverton , Chew . Clausworth , Coker . Old Cleve , VVyllit . Clevedon , Port. Cliverdon , Brus. Clopton , Port. Clutton , Chew . Coate , Martock . West Coker , Coker . East Coker , Coker . Coldhenton . Cole , Brut. Colepits , Killmer . Combe , VVyllit . Temple Combe , Hore . Combe , VVyllit . Combe S. Nicholas , King● . Combe , Bath . Combe●iory , Taunt . Combehay , VV●ll● . Compton , Ca●tes . Compton David , Keyn . Comptō dund● , W●●tl . Compton Paunsford , Cattes . Compton Martine , Chew . Compton Bishops , Wint. Comwindge , Canning . Congresbury , Wint. Crose , Taunt . Coripoole , Canning . Corson , VVell● . Corton , Hore . Coston , Bath . Cothleton , Taunt . Coxley , Wells . Coyldoe , North-Pet . West Cranmer , VVels . East Cranmer , Kill . Creech , A●der . Cricket Malherb , Bulston . Crokampil , Port. Beare Crockham , Abd. Crockham Brickham , VVylli . Crockham Studley . Wyllit. CROKETHORN , Cro. Crockscombe , W●●t . Crycket Thomas , South-P . Cucklington , Norton . Cudworth , South-P . Culbone , Carham . Cumpton , VVhit . East Curry , North Cur. Curry Mallet , Abdick . Curry Load , North Cur. Curryvivell , Bulston . Cussington & VVint. Cush●ish , Taunt . Custoke , VVint. Cutcombe , Carham . Chysselborough , H●u . D East Daulish , Abdick . S Decombs , Wyllit. Denison , North-Pet . Dichiat , VVnit . Dinder , VVels . Doddington , Wyllit. Dolish wake , South-P . Domett of Abdick hund . South-P . Donington , South-P . Donyford , VVyllit . Doulting , VVint. Downe end , North-P . Downhead , VVhit . Drayton , ●ulston . Duddleston , Taunt . Dulcot , Welle . DVLVERTON , Wylli . Dundrye , Chew . Dunkerton , Wyllit. DVNSTER , Carham . Duniet , K●ll . Durborrow , Whit. Durlay , Anderf . Durston , North-Pet . Dypford , Taunt . E Easton , VVels . Easton , Chewton . Easton , in gordon , Port. Eaton , VVint. Eddington , Canning . Edington , VVhitl . Edstoke , Canning . Egarley , Glas. Elline , Frome . Eline , Frome . Elworthy , VVyllit . Enborrow , Chewton . Enmore , Auderf . Estreat , Glas. Everiche , VVels . Everiche lodge , Whit. Evilton , Sommer . EVILL , Stone . Ex flu . Carham . Exmore , Carham . Exford , Carham . Erton , VVyllit . F Farley castle , VVillo . Farmbero , Keyn . Farrenton , Chewton . Fayland , Port. Felton , Bed. Fiddwicke , Taunt . Fifehead , Bulston . Fillwood parke , Chewt . Fitzheard , North cur . Fostock , VVello . Frary , Kill . Freshord , Bath . Frome flu , Kill . FROME Selwood . Frome . North Fulford , Taunt . South Fulford , Taunt . Furlong , Crew . G Gablington , Taunt . Gedney more , Bemp. Ged●ey , Glas. Georges , well , Taunt . S. George , Port. GLASTONBVRY . Glast . Gotehurst . Anderf . Gothill , Ho●ethorne . Greenham , Mil. Greenware , Chewton . Gregory toke , Somm . Gre●nton , VV●●l . H Haddon beacon , VVyllit . Halfe , VVyllit . Priours Halsh , North Cur Halwaye , VVyllit . Halton , Whitl . Halton , Norton . Hamden Hill. Tintinh . Hampton , C●ewt . Hampton , Bath . Hamure , North Pet. Hankfield , Chew . Hardington , Coker . East Harptrie , Wint. Hartlack bridge , Glast . West Harfry , Chewton . East Hartrye , Wint. Haselbeare , Hound . Haslingrove , Cattes . Hastorcombe , Taunt . West Hach . North Cur. Hawkridge , Wyllis . Heale , Taunt . Hergrove , North Pet. Hemington , Kill . Hendeland , Taunt . Henford Martravers , Stone . Henstridge , H●r●t●rne . Henton , Martock . Henton S. George , Crawk . Henton Bluet , Chewt . Henton , VVell . Hetchpen , Brut. Heth more , Whitl . Hethfield , Taunt . Hewish , King. Hewish , Cr●w . Hewish Campstowe , Wylli . High bridge , Whitl . Hillbishop , Taunt . Higham , VV●●st . Hilfarencie , Taunt . Hillhouse , Kill . Hinish , VVent . Hobs passage , Brent . Hockumbe , Taunt . Holcomb , Kill . Hollford Coursley , Taunt . Hollford , W●i●l . Hollwaye , Taunt . Holwall , Horethorne . Honiberie , VVylli● . Honiwecke , Brut. Hornblawton , VVhit West Hortington , VVels . Horsey , North P●● . Horsington , Horeth . Houlford , Taunt . Houlford in Taunt hun . Wyllis . Hungrode , Port. Huntley , Stone . HNNSPILL , North p. Huntworth , North pet . Hurst , Martock . Hurcott , Sommer . Hutton , VVi●● . Hynton , Kill . Hythe , VVint. I S. Iames , Taunt . Ilbrue● , Balston . ILCHE●TER of Tintinhul hundred . Mar. I le beare , Taunt . ILMISTER , Abdick . Ilton , Abdick . Ilton parke , Abdick . Inglescombe , Welle . Ivithorme , VVhi●●● . K Kelweston , Bath . Kenne , VVint. Killeston , North Curry . Killnterstone , Kill . Killntington Norton . Killton , VVyllis . Kilue , VVyllis . Kaingeston , Taunt . Kingston , VVint. Kingston , Tinti●● . Kingston , Abdick . Kingston , Chewton . Kingston of Chewton ●un . Bed. Kingsbury , Horethorn . Kingsbury , King. Kingsdon , Sommer . Kingswood , VVint. Kineton , Casses . Kingweston , Casses . Kittesford , Milver . Knape , North curry . Knights●e , Taunt . Knighton , Chew . Knowle , Chew . Knowle , Pitney . Knowle , South pet . Kyllesdon , North cu● . Kymeton , Horethorne . L Lambroke , King. Lamyat , VVhit . Langford bonduile , Pitney . LANGPORT , Pitney . Langridge , Wylli● . Landgredge , Bath . Laverton , Frome . Launesdon , Bath . Laurence Liddeard , Taunt . Lee , Taunt . Leeflory , Taunt . Leigh , South pet . Leighland , Wyll . & Fr● Lidford Pouncherton , Taun East Lidford , Cat. West Lidford , Cat. Bishops LIDDIARD , North Ligh under Mendip , Kill . Ligh Abbies , Pet. Listocke , VVylli● . Littletoo , Sommer . Littleton , Chew . Litton , VVels . Locking , Wint. Locuston , VVint. Lodlhinshe , VVyllit . Longlande , Martock . Longham , Sommer . Longashton , Bed. Lopen , South per. Lotsham , VVhi● Lovington , Ca●●es . West Luccombe , Cath. Lullington , Frome . Luston , Tintinth . Luxborough , everet , Ca●● . East Lydfo●d , Som. Lye , Port. Lym●●sham , Brent . Lymmington , Stone . Lying , Anderf . M Maksbury , Keyn . Mapetton , Ca●●es . Margaret● Thorne , Milver . Ma●y Magdalen , Taunt . Marke , Bomp . Marshe , Stone . Broader Marston , Horethorn . MARTOCK , Mart. Meatepoole , Glas. Meare , Glas. Mells , Kill . Mendip hi●● , VVels . Merston Bygot , Frome . Meryfield , Abdiok . Meryott , C●ow . Midsomer Norton . Ch●w●s . Michaels Burro , Somm . Michaelchurch , North p. Middlesey , W●●●l . Milborne , Hore●h . Milton , Woitl . Milton , Brut. Milton , VVels . MILVERTON , Milver . Milverton manner , Mil The Mineries , Wels. Moore , Bomp . North More , Sommer . Morlinch , Whitl . West Mouckton , Whi●l . Mouckton , Taunt . Mounte●ut , Tintint● . Mounck silver , Wylli● . Muckney , Pitney . Muchenay Island . Pitney . Murfo●d , St●●e . Myllayne , Taunt . Mylton , M●rtock . Mynchead , Taunt . MYNHEAD , C●●ham . Mylterton , Crew . N Naylesborowe , Taunt . Naylesay , B●d . Nemnet , Chewton . Neroch forrest , Abdick . Netherham , Wylli● . Nettlecombe , Wyllit. West Newton . North pet . Newton , S. Lowe , Well● . Newton Court , Well● . Newton placy , Wyllit. North curry , North cur . Northover of Tintinhull hundred . Mart. Norchelme , Chew . Northlord , Glas. Norton , Chew . Norton , Hound . Norton , Taunt . Norton Malt●ward . C●●w . Norton Ferru , Norton . Nunnye ▪ F●ome . Nyland hill , VVels . Nynhead , Taunt . O Obridge , Taunt . Odcombe , Hound . Oke , Taunt . Orchard , Taunt . Orchard , Canning . Orchardly , Frome . Orche●ly , Frome . Othill , Crew . Otterford , Taunt . Otterhampton , Canning . Ottersey , South pet . Ou●e , Carham . P Parret flu , North pet . North Parret , Hound . Poulton , Chewton . Paulett , North pet . Pempereles bridge , Glas. Pen , Norton-F●r . Pendomer , Coker . West Pennard , Glas. East Pennard , VVhit . PENSFORD , Chew . Pensell wood , Norton . Pery bridge of Brent hund . Wint. Peryton North pet . Pethertō parke , North p. North Petherton , North p. South PETHERTON , Sout . Pharmborrow , Keyn . PHILIPSNORTON , K Pit combe , Brut. Pixton , Taunt . Plainsfield , Canning . Pockington , Bulston . Polsham , Glas. Porlocke , Ca●ham . Porlock bay , Ca●ham . Portshut , Port. Portshut , point , Porth . Portbury , Port. Poundstord , Taunt . Poyntingten , Horeth . Preston , Stone . Preston , K●●n . Preston bowger , Wylli● . Priddy , Welt. Publow , Keyn . Puckston , VVint. Puddimore , Whatl . Pull , VVhit . Pulton , VVhit . Putland S. Graftrose , Taunt . Pyll-bridge , Marteck . Pytney , Sommer . Pytney , Pitney . Pytmister , Taunt . Q Queenes more , Whitl . East Quantoxhead , Wylli● . West Quantonhead , Wyllit. Quantoke h●ls , Wylli● . R Raddon , Frome . Radnestock , VValt . Radstock , Kill . Ragilbury , ●od . Ramwell , Taunt . S. Ra●e hill , C●●w . Reddington , Wylli● . Redlynch , Brut. Ratcliffe , Wint. Roade , Frome . Rodway , Canning . Rokesbridge , ●ro●● . Rownam passage , Bed. Rowberrowe , Wint. Runton , Milver . Ryston , Taunt . S Salford , Keyn . Samford , Milv●r . Samford , North pet . Samfordorcias , Hereth . Samford Bre● , Wylli● . Seaborough , Crew . Sevedge more , Whitl . Segemore , Glas. Selwood forrest , Brut. Sevington abbot . southp . Sevington michael , south . Sevington mary , south p. Seymour , Ch●w●on . Shapwick , Whitl . Sharpham parke , Whitl . SHEPTON maller , whit . Shepholm Island , Brent . Shepton Montague , Norton . Shepton Beauchamp , South p. Sherston , North p. Sheselborough , Hund. Shipham , VVint. Shurton , Canning . Siddington , Canning . Skilgate , VVylli● . Smaldon wood , VVi●t . SOMMERTON , Somm . Sommerton Erly , Somm . Southarpe , South pe● . Sparkford , Cattes . Spaxton , Canning . Stafferdel , Norton . Standerweek , Frome . Stanton prior , Keyn . Stanton drew , Keyn . Staple , Abd●ck . Stapleton , Mart●ck . Staplegrove , Taunt . Stathe , North curry . Staughleigh , Milver . Stocklinche Magdaline , Abdi . Stert poynt , Canning . Stocklinch , Abdick . Stoford , Barwicke . Stognusey , Canning . Stokeland , Kill . Stoke under hamden , Tint . Stoke pero , Carham . Stoke giffard , VVint. Stoke garsey , Canning . South Stoke , Bath . North Stoke , Bath . Stoke mary , Taunt . Stoke , Norton . Stoke , North pet . Stoke gomer , Wyllit. Stokeland marsh , Ca● . Stone Chappell , VVhit . Stonca●ton , Chew . Stowell , VVhitl . Stowe , Chew . Over Stowley , Wyllis . Nether Stowley , Wyllit. Stowey , Chew . Stowell , Heresh . Stratton in Vo●swey , Kil Streat , South pet . Streat , Whitle . Strenixton , Canning . Over Strotton , South pet . Sutte pile , Wint. Sutton , Chew . Sutton , Cattes . Sutton Coker . Sutton mallet , Whitle . Long Sutton , Sommer . Swansweeke , Bulston . Swill , Bulston . T TAVNTON , Taunt . Teltford , Walt. Thorney bridge , King. Thorne , Martock . Thornfawken , North cur . Thrubwell , Keyn . Thurloxton , North p. Thurlebare , North p. Tintinhull , Tintin . Tobridge , Taunt . Tolland , Taunt . Tone flu , Milver . The Tor , Glas. The Tor , Tin. Tornock , Bemp. Walkes Towre , Pet. Treboro , Wyllit. South Trendle , Taunt . North Trendle , Taunt . Trent , Horeshorne . Trister , Norton . Trull , North cur . Tuckerton , North pet . Trummer , Horethorne . Twyverton , Wells . Tycknam , P●● . Tymberscombe , Ca●● . Tymsborow , Chew . V Vbleigh , Chew . Vphill , VVint. Vpton , Wyllit. Vpton noble , Brut. W WATCH●T , Wyllit. Walton , Por. Walton parke , Port. Walton , Whitle . Walles , Frome . Wanstrow , Frome . Wanstraw , Brut. Wayford , Chew . Wedmore , Bemp. Laurence Weeke , Whit. Weeke , Canning . WELLS City , Wels. Wellesford , Milver . WELLINGTON of north carry hund . M. Wello , VVello . Welton , Chew . Wemdon , North p. Weten . Sommer . We●e , Bemp. WESTON , Wittl . VVeston , Cattes . Weston , Pe● . Weston upon Mare , Wint. Westbury , VVelt . Westcombe , VVelt . Westholme , Glas. Wethihill , Wyllis . VVhatlye , Frome . VVheathill , Whitl . Whitstanton , south p. Whitnell , VVhit . VVhit lackington , Abd. VVhitchurch , VVolt . VVhitchurch , Keyn . VVicke , Brut. VVigden , Stone . VVicke , VVolt . VVillitton , VVyllit . VVilmerston , K●yn . VVilton , Taunt . WINCAVNTON . M●● . VVinesford , Wyllit. Winford , Bed. VVinscombe , Wint. Winsham , King. VVitcome , Bath . Witcombe , Martock . Witcombe , Chewton . VVitham , Kill . VVithcombe , Carh . VVithipoole , VVyllit . VVithihill , Taunt . WIVESCOMB , northe VVest Woodland , Frome . East Woodland , Frome . VVoodland , Taunt . VVoodspring , Wint. VVooky , Wilt. VVooky hole , Wilt. VVolcot , Bath . VVollavington , Whit. VVolloigh , Bath . Wolmarston , North p. VVolmyston , Crew . VVolverton , Frome . VVotton , Whit. VVotton courtney , Carham . VVoorle , Wint. VVorminster , Wolt . South VVotton , Whist . North VVotton , Glas. Wraxall , Per. Wrentage , North cur . Wriggleton , Kill . Wrington of Brent hundred . Wint. Wyke , Bru● . Y Yarcombe , north Taunt Yardley , Wels Yearlington , Brut. Yenston , Horethorne . WILLT-SHIRE , in the ancient English-Saxons written Wilsetta , is enclosed upon the North with Gloucester-shire , upon the East is bounded with Barke-shire , upon the South with Dorset and Hamp-shire , and upon the West is confronted against partly by Gloucester , and the rest by Somerset-shires . ( 2 ) The forme thereof is both long and broad ; for from Inglesham upon Thamesis in the North , to Burgat Damarum in the South , are thirtie-nine miles ; the broadest part is from Buttermer Eastward , to the Shire-stones in the West , being twenty-nine ; the whole in circumference is one hundred , thirty-nine miles . ( 3 ) For aire , it is seated in a temperate Climate , both sweet , pleasant , and wholesome ; and for soyle ( saith Iohn of Sarisbury ) is exceeding fertile and plentifull , yea , and that with variety . ( 4 ) The Northerne part , which they call North-Wilt-shire , riseth up into delectable hils , attired with large woods , and watered with cleare Rivers , whereof Isis is one , which soone becometh the most famous in the Land. The South part is more even , yeelding abundantly grasse and corne , and is made the more fruitfull by the Rivers Wily , Adder , and Avon . The midst of this County is most plaine , and thereby is knowne and commonly called Salesbury-Plaines ; and lie so levell indeed , that it doth limit the Horizon : for hardly can a man see from the one side to the other . These Plaines grase an infinite number of sheepe , whose fleeces and flesh bring in an yearely revenew to their owners . ( 5 ) Anciently this County was possessed by the Belgae , who are seated by Ptolemy in Hamp-shire , Somerset-shire , and in this Tract ; and they ( as it seemeth by Caesar ) were of the Belgae in Gaul . These ( as some hold ) were subdued by Vespasian , Lieutenant of the second Legion under Claudius , when the foundations of his future greatnesse were in these parts first laid by his many victories over the Britaines . And herein surely the Romans seated ; for besides Yanesburie Trench , by tradition held to be his , in many other Forts in this Shire the Tract of their footing hath beene left , and the stamped Coines of their Emperours found , an apparent testimonie of their abode . ( 6 ) After them the West-Saxons made it a part of their Kingdome , whose border was Avon , as witnesseth Athelward , though the Mercians many times encroched upon them , whereby many great battles , as Malmsbury tels us , betwixt them were fought , when in the young yeares of their Heptarchie each sought to enlarge his , by the lessening of the next : but growne unto more ripenesse , they assigned their limits by a great and long ditch crossing thorow the middest of these Plaines , which for the wonder therof is supposed by the vulgar to be the worke of the Devil , and is called of all , Wansdike , undoubtedly of Woden , the Saxons Ancestor and great reputed God , where a little village yet standeth , and retaineth to name Wodens-burg . At this place , in Anno 590. Ceaulin the West-Saxon , received such a foyle of the Britaines , and his Country-men , that he was forced to forsake his Kingdome , and to end his dayes in exile , becomming a pitifull spectacle even unto his enemies . And in this place Ina the West-Saxon joyned Battle with Ceolred the Merciā , whence both of them departed with equall losse . The like was at Bradford by Kenilwach and Cuthred ; at Wilton , betwixt Egbert and Beornwolfe ; at Edindon , where K. Elfred was vanquisher of the Danes ; and at Wilton , where the Danes wonne the day against him . With as bloudy sucesse , though not happening by sword , was the issue of the Synod assembled at Calne a small Towne in this Countie , in the yeare of Christ Jesus 977. where being hotly debating for the single life , and against the marriages of the Clergie , what wanted by the Word to prove their divorce , was supplyed by a Stratagem , and that very bloudy ; for suddenly the main timber brake , and downe fell the floore with the Nobles and Prelates , the Gentlemen and Commons , whereby a great number were hurt , and many more slain ; onely Dunstan the President and mouth for the Monks , escaped untouched , the Joist whereon his chaire stood remaining most firme : which confirmed the sentence of their separations , whom God had conjoyned , and became the fall and snare of much incontinencie in both sexes . ( 7 ) The chiefest Citie of this Shire is Salesbury , removed from a higher , but a far more convenient place ; whose want of water was not so great in the mother , as is supplied and replenished in the daughter , every street almost having a River running thorow her middest ; and for sumptuous and delicate buildings , is inferiour to none . The Cathedrall , a most rich magnificent Church , was begun by Richard Poore , Bishop , and with fourty yeares , continuance was raised to her perfect beauty : wherein are as many windowes as there are dayes in the yeare , as many cast pillars of marble as there are houres in the yeare , and as many gates for entrance as there are moneths in the yeare . Neither doth this Citie retaine true honour to her selfe , but imparteth hers , and receiveth honour from others who are entituled Earles of Salesbury , whereof eight noble Families have been dignified since the Normans Conquest , and now is enjoyed by that most wise and loyall Counsellor Robert Cecill , Lord high Treasurer of England , and the worthy Patron of the place whereof my selfe am a member . This Cities situation is in the degree of Latitude 51.10 . minntes , and from the first West point observed by Mercator , 18. degrees and 31. minutes of Longitude . ( 8 ) Over this , old Salesbury sheweth it selfe , where Kenrik overcame the Britains , and where Canutus the Dane did great dammge by fire . This formerly had been the seat of the Romans : as likewise was Lecham , as by their Coines digged up is apparant : so were Brokenbridge and Cosham , the Courts of the Saxon Kings . But Fortune long since hath turned her face from all these , as lately she did from many ancient and religious foundations planted in this Province , whereof Malmesbury was the most famous . I will not with Monmouth avouch the foundation thereof unto Mulmutius , but by true records from Maidulph a Scot , a man of great learning , that therein built a Cell , and led an Hermits life , whereof Beda calleth it the Citie of Maidulph , and we by contraction , Malmsbury . Adelme his disciple and successour , built here a faire Monasterie , which Athelstan the Monarch richly endowed , and left his body after death there to rest . Neither hath any graced this more then William her Monk , in recording to posterities the Chronicles of our Land , concerning both the Church and Common-weale , wherein himselfe and wrote those Histories . ( 9 ) Ambresbury for repute did second this , built by Alfritha , King Edgar his wife , to expiate the sinne of murder which she committed upon young Edward her sonne in Law , that hers might be King. In this place Queene Eleanor , widow to King Henry the third , renounced all royall pompe , and devoted her selfe unto God in the habit of a Nunne . Other places erected for piety , were at Salesburie , Lacock , Stanlege , Wilton , Ivichurch , Farnleg , Bradstocke , Briopune , and Bromhore . These grafts grown to full greatnesse , were cut downe by the Pruner , lest the Cankers thereof should infect the whole body ( as by them was alledged ) and their Revenewes bestowed upon farre better uses , both for the bringing up of youth , and the maintenance of estate . ( 10 ) With eight strong Castles this County hath beene guarded ; in nineteene Market-Townes her Commodities are traded : into twenty-nine Hundreds for businesse is divided , and in them are seated three hundred and foure Parish-Churches . map of Wiltshire WILSHIRE HVNDREDS in Wilt-shire . 1. HIghworth . 2. Malmsbury . 3. Kingsbridge . 4. Damerham north . 5 Chippenham . 6. Pottern . 7. Calne . 8. Sel●ley . 9. Ramsbury . 10 Kinwarston . 11. Elstube . 12. Swanborne . 13. Melkesham . 14. Bradford . 15. Whorwelsdowne 16. Westbury . 17. Warmister . 18. Haresbury . 19. Branche . 20. Amesbury . 21. Vnderditch . 22. Alderburie . 23. Frustfeild . 24. Downton . 25. Cawden . 26. Da●worth . 27. Dametham south . 28. Mere. 29. Chalke . A Abbotston , Frus . Ablington , Ame. Abury , Se●k . Allcannynge , swan . Aldburne ●ha●e , Ram. Alderburye , Ald. Alderborne cha●e , selk. Alderston , Frust . Alderton , Chip . Allington , Pot. Allyngton , Ames . Alton , Ames . Alton barnes , swan . Alverston , Chalk . Allworth , Brad. AMBERSBURY , Am●s . Amesbury little , ames . S. Anns hill , Cal. Ansley Dau. Ashlay Malm. Ashlington , swan . Ashton gifford , Hare . Ashton keynes , High. Ashton west , Whor. Steple Ashton , Whor. Aston , Elst. Aston , Mal. Atford , Chip . AUBURNE , Ram. Avon , Dam. Avon flu . Axford . B Baberstoke , Caw . Badbury hill , Ram. Badhampton , Bran. Badhampton , Hare . Bagdon hill , Pot. Bapton , War. Barbury hill selk. Barforde , Caw . Barwicke basset , Cal. Baycliffe Hare . Baydon , Ram. Baynton Whor. Beach . Ames . Beckhampton , selk. The Beacon hill Dam. Bedborough , Pot. Bedwin great , Kin. Bedwin little , Kin. Bemerton , Bran. Bemmerton , Vnd. Benecaz , Melk . Berwick S. James , Bran. Berwick S. Leonards , Dau. Berwick S. Johns , Chalk . Birtford , Caw Bishopstrove , War. Birchamstock , swan . Black heath , Blan. Blunsdon brode , High. Blackmore forest . Blunsdon S. Andrewes , High. Boreham , War. Borton , Pot. Boscombe , ames . Botnam , Down . Bowdon parke , Chip . Boxe , Chip . Boyton , Hare . Bremble , Chip . Bradfeild , Mal. BRADFORD , Brad. Bradley North , Whor. Malden Bradley , Mer. Bradon forest , high . Bratton , West . Brembleham , Mal. Brenkworth , Mal. Brigmilston , ames . Brixton deverell , hare . Brokenborowe , Mal. Brooke , West . Broughton , Brad. Brumhall , Swan . Burkington , Mel. Buckland , Cal. Buckminster , ames . Bulford , ames . Bupton , Pot. Burbiche , Kin. Burcombe South , Caw . Burcombe North , Bran. Burchalke , Caw . Burdrop , Kin. Burg●t damarum , Caw . Burtford , ald . Burthall , Chal. Burton hill , Mal. Bury Blunsdon , high . Bushopston , Ram. Bushton , Elst. Buttermere , Kin. Bydston , Chip . Bynol , Kin. Byshopston , Down . C Cadnam house , Dam. CALNE , cal . Calston , cal . Calwayes houses , Dam. Cannings bishops , Pot. Castle Eaton , high . CASTLECOMBE , Ch. Catcombe , selk. Chaddenton , Kin. Chaldfeild , brad . Brode Chalke , chalk . Bur-Chalke , chalk . Chalke , chalk . Chapmanslade , West . The Chappell of Plaster , chip . Charlton , swan . Charleton , Down . Charlton , Mal. Charleton , Dau. Charnhamstreet , Kin. Chawdenwich , Mer. Chekesgrove , Dau Chelterington , ames . Chelsworth , high . Cherrington , swan . Cherroll , cal . Cheselbury , Elst. Cheverell little , swan . Cheverell great , swan . Chicklat , Dau. Chickletridge , Dau. Chilhampton , Bran. Chilmarke , Dau. Chilternes , hare . Chilton folliot , Kin. CHIPNAM , chip . Chiselton , Kin. Chittwaye , Pot. Choldrington , ames . Cholson , ames . Christ malford , Dam. Chut , Kin. Chut forest , Kin. Clack , Dam. Claringdon parke , Ald. Clatford , Selk . Clay hill , War. The Cleare , Brad. Cleve , Pot. Cleverton , Mal. Cleeve pepper , Kin. Coate , Pot. Codfords , hare . Collerne Chip . Collingborne , Kin. Collingborn dukes , elst . Combe basset , Caw . Comerwell , Brad. Compton , ames . Compton basset , cal . Compton chamberlaine , D. south Conocke , swan . Corlington , hare . Corston , Mal. Cosley little , War. Cosley great , War. Cossam , Chip . Coulston , Whor. Cowsfeild , Frust . CREKELADE , high . Crokwood , Pot. Croston , Kin. Crudwell , Mal. Compton , caw . D Leigh Dallamore , chip . Damerham , Dam. S. Dantsey Mal. West Deane , Ald. Deven , Bran. Deverell kingstone , Dam S. Deverell langbridge , Dam. S. Munkston Deverell Dam. Hill Deverell , hare . Brixton Deverell hare . DEVIZES , swan . Dichbridge , chip . Diddingham , ames . Didmeton , chip . Dilton , War. Ditton Dau. Over Donet , chalk . Nether Donet , chalk . Downton east , Down . Downton church , Down . Dracot , swan . Draycott cerne , Mal. Great Drenford , Vnd. Little Drenford , Vnd. Dricote , Ram. Duncton , Downe . Dunhed , Dau. Durnford , ames . Durrington , ames . E East Everley Elst. Eastmanstret , cal . Easton , Kin. Easton , Pot. Eastongrey , chip . Eastrop , high . Ebbesborne wake , chalk . Echilhamton , swan . Eddington , Whor. Elcombe , Kin. Elston , bran . Enforde , elst . Estcot , high . Estcot , swan . East Everley , Elst. Estridge , Ram. West Everley , Elst. Everley warren , of hares , Elst. Evilston , Bran. F Fallersdon , Down . Mouckton Farleigh , Brad. Farley , Ald. Farley hill , ames . Fastbury , Kin. Faston , Kin. Fifeild , Elst. Fighilton , ames . Fitherton , Warm . Fisherton , Bran. Fittleton , Elst. Flamston Down . Flittenberston , Down . Ford , Kin. Fovant , caw . Foxley , Mal. Fresden , high . Froxfeild , Kin. Funtell gifford Dau. Funtill bishops , Mer. Fyfeild , selk. G Garsdon , Mal. Grafton west Kin. Grafton east , Kin. The Green , swan . Greenham , Kin. Grinsteed west , Ald. Grinsteed east , Ald. Grittleton , Dam. Groveley wood , Dau. Grundwell , high . Gumbledon , Ald. H Haiston , Dau. Ham , Elst. Ham , Kin. Hampton nether , Caw . Hampton turvyle , Hi. Hamston , high . Langford Hanging , Bran. Hankerton , Mal. Hankeridge , West . Hannington , high . Haradon hill , ames . Harding , Kin. Haresbury , hare . Harnam east , caw . Harnam west , caw . Hartham , chip . Hatch , Dau. Haselbury , chip . Nether Haven , Elst. Up Haven , swan . Haxton , Elst. Heddington , cal . Heldropp , Ram. Helmerton , Kin. Hewishe , swan . Heighwaye , Pot. HIGHWORTH , H. Hilperton , Mel. Hinton , Mer. Hinshe , swan . Hinton brode , selk. Hinton hatch , ames . Hinton Oades , ames . Hinton pipard , ames . Holt , Brad. Horningsham , hare . Horton , Pot. Houlston , Elst. Hulcott swan . Hullavington , Mal. Hunnington , caw . Hynton , Ram. I Idford , Ald. Idmerston , Ald. Idover bridge , Mal. Iford , Brad. Iford , Elst. Imbar , hare . Ingesham , high . Isey , high . Ivichurch , Ald. K Kemble , Mal. Kennet flu . Kennet west , selk. Kennet east , selk. Kevyll , Whor. Keaton Keynell , chip . West Keynton , chip . Keyton S. Michaels , Dam. Kings manner , ald . Kingswood , chip . Kington , Down . Kingtons ashe , caw . Knahill Bishop● , Mer. Knahill east , Mer. Knahill west , Mer. Knuk , hare . L Lacock , chip . Lake , Vnd. Langley burrell , chip . Langford little , Bran. Steple Langford , Bran. Langford , Fru . Latton , high . Laverstoke , ald . MARKET LAVINGTON , swan . Lavington Bishoppe , Pot. Lea , Mal. Lea , high . Lekham , chip . Liddiard treygove , Kin. Liddiard North , high . Lighe , Brad. Lighe , West . Linecoton , Brad. Littlecote , Ram. Littleton , Whor. Littleton , swan . Littleton drew , chip . Lockering , selk. Longford , sal . Long leat , bare . Longnewton , Mal. Luckington , chip . Luddington , Kin. Ludwell , chalk . Lurgeshall , ames . Lushall , high . Lycham , Kin. Lynt , high . M Maddenton , Bran. MALMESBURY , Malm. Sutton Manfeild , caw . Mannyngford , swan . Mannyngford Abbots , swan . Mannyngford crucis , swan . MARLINGSBOROE , selk. The Ma●sh , West . Marston south , high . Marten , Dam. south . Martenfall hill . swan . S. Martin , caw . Marton , selk. Martyn , Kin. Maston , Pot. Melkesam , Melk . Merden , swan . MERE , Mer. Merston measey , high . Middenhall , selk. Milborne , Mal. Milsham , Brad. Milston , ames . Milton , Kin. Mounton , Brad. Munckton , cal . Deverell Munckton , Dam. S. Mylford , Vnd. Myntye , Mal. N Nettleton , Dam. Newton south , Bran. Newton Toney , ames . Long Newton , Mal. Newenton , swan . Normanton , ames . Norridge , War. Norryngton , chalk . Norton , hare . Norton , Mal. Norton bovant , War. Nuneaton high . Nunton , Down . Nusteed , Pot. O Odstoke , caw . Ogborne S. George , selk. Ogborne S. Andrew , selk. Oke●●y , Mal. Oldbury hill , selk. Orcheston S. George , hare . Orstons S. Maries , Bran. Overton , Kin. Overton east , Elst. Overton west , selk. P The little Parke , Kin. Patney standeth in Canning Hund. Penligh , West . Pertwood , War. Pewsey , Kin. Pewsham forest , chip . Pinnells , Pot. Pitton , ald . Platford , ald . Preshut , selk. Poole canes , Mal. Porton , ald . Poternewood , Pot. Pottern Pot. Poulshot , Melk . Powlton , high . Putton , high . Q Queenes lodge , ald . Quaere , caw . R Ramsbury , Ram. The Rey flu . Rodborne , high . Rodborne , Mal. Rokeley , selk. Rowdon mounten , chi . Rowden , swan . Rowley , Brad. Ruchesen . ames . Rundwaye , Pot. Rustis●ll , swan . S Salesbury Plaine , Bran. sal . SALESBURY . Old Salisburie , ald . Salthorp , Kin. Savernake forest , selk. Sedghyll . Dau. Seene , Melk . Segarye , Mal. Semble , chalk . Seven hampton , high . Sevington , Whor. Shalborne , Kin. Sharnecote , high . Sharston , chip . Shawe , Mel. Sheperidge little , ames . Sheperidge great , ames . Sherington , hare . Sherington , Bran. Sherston pinckney , chip . Sheston great , chip . Sherstones , chip . Shrawton , Bran. Upton Skidmore , War. Slangtenford , chip . Smalebrook , War. Spy , Mel. Somerford little , Mal. Somerford great , Mal. Somerford keynes , H. S●pworth , chip . Southweeke , Whor. Stanley nethermore , chip . Stanton , Melk . Stanton Quinton , Mal. Stapleford , Bran. Staunton barnard , swan . Staunton , high . Staverton , Mel. Stocke , cal . Stocktod . Elst. Stoell , Elst. Stoke Kin. Stoke , Whor. Stoke , Brad. Stoke carle M●l . Stoke vereme , chalk . Stoketon , War. Stonhenge , Vnd. Stoneley , Frus . Studley . cal . Stratford comon , Vnd. Stratford dean , Vnd. Strattong S. Margarets , Hi. Streat , swan . Fenny Stretford , Down . Stutton , M●re . Sutton benger , Mal. Sutton little , War. Sutton great , War. Swallow cliff , Dau. Swindon , Kin. T Nether Tesunt , Dau. Over Tesunt . Dau. Tesunt great , War. Tetherton lucas , chip . Tidworth north , ames . Tilbury , Dau. Tinhead , Whor. Titcombe , Kin. Thamesis flu . Thetherington , har . Tokenham , Kin. Tollard Royall , chal . Trowle , Brad. TRUBRIDGE , Mel. North Tudworth , Elst. Tylshead , Bran. V Vasterne , Kin. Uicot , Kin. Ug●ord , caw . Upton lovell , hare . Urchef●nt , swan . W Wanborowe , Kin. Warder castle , Dau. VVarmister , War. VVeeke , Mel. VVeeke , Down . VVeeke Pot. VVeekley , Bran. VVelton , Caw . WESBURY , West . VVestropp , high . VVestwood , Elst. VVestwood , Brad. Westwel●owe , ames . VVexcombe , Kin. VVhaddon , ald . VVhaddon . Melk . Whelpley Frus . Whethampton swan . VVhich●ury , Caw . VVhitchurch , ald . VVhitchliffe , hare . VVhitteley Mel. VVhitteley house . VVhittenditch , Ram. Widhill , high . VVilcot , swan . VVilleybourne flu . VVilsford , swan . VVilsford . Vnd. VVilton , Bran. VVilton , Kin. VVinckfeild , Brad. VVinsley , Brad. Winterbourne mount●n , selk. Winterborn Stoks , B. Winterborn basset , S. Winterborn gunner , ald . Winterborn Larles , ald . Winterflow East , ames . VVimerflow West , Winterflow daunt●sey , ald . Winton little , Elst. Wishford great , Bran. VVishford , Bran. VVivesford , Dau. Wooddenton , swan . Woodborowe swan . Woodford little , Vnd. Woodford great , Vnd. VVoodland Mer. VVoodland Ram. VVoodshawe , Kin. VVoore , swan . VVorton , Pot. VVotton rivers Kin. WOTTON BASSET , Kin. South Wraxall , Brad. North Wraxall , Chip . Wroughton , Kin. Wroughton , Elst. Wulfall , Kin. Wyly , War. Wyly flu . Y Yatesbury , Cal. Z Zeales , Mer. BARKE-SHIRE , by the English Saxons written Berrocscyre , whether of the Boxwoods there sited , according to the censure of Asserius Menevensis , or from a naked and bearelesse Oke-tree , whereunto the people usually resorted in troublesome times , to conferre for the State , I determine not : onely the County a long time hath beene so called , and bounded with other in manner as followeth : The North-part is parted by Thamisis from Buckingham and Oxford shires ; the South neere Kennet doth tract upon Hampshire ; the East is confined with the Countie of Surrey ; and the West with Wiltshire and Glocester-shire is held in . ( 2 ) The form of this Shire doth somewhat resemble a Sandall for a mans foot , lying longwise from East to West , in which part she is broadest , the middle most narrow , and then spreading wider like to the heele : though for her rich endowments and stately magnificence it may well be accounted the heart of the whole . ( 3 ) The length thereof from Inglesham in the West , to old Windsor in the East , extendeth unto fortie miles ; from Inkpen to Wightham , the broadest part from South to North are twenty foure ; the whole in circumference , about one hundred and twentie . ( 4 ) The Ayre is temperate , sweet , and delightfull , and prospect for pleasure inferiour to none ; the Soyle is plenteous of Corne , especially in the Vale of White-horse , that yeeldeth yeerly an admirable encrease . In a word , for Corne and Cattle , Waters and Woods , of profit and pleasure , it gives place unto none . ( 5 ) Her ancient Inhabitants , by Ptolemy and Caesar , were the Attrebatii , and them of those that descended from Gallia , among whom Comius ( conquered by the Dictator ) was of good respect , and could doe much with the Britaines , who ( as Frontinus reporteth ) used this stratagem , though it proved nothing at last : he flying before Caesar to recover aid of these Attrebatians , light bedded upon a shelfe in the Sea , whereupon hoisting his sailes as before a fore-winde , gave shew to his pursuer that they were in swift flight ; so that hopelesse to hayle them , he gave over the chase : yet no sooner had Caesar made over among them , but that some of these people , by name the * Bibroces , yeelded him subjection , which proved the ruine of all former liberty . But when the Romans had rent their owne Empire , and retired their Legion into a narrower circuit , the Saxons set foot where their forces had been , and made this County a parcell of their Westerne Kingdome . The Danes then setting their desire upon spoyles , from their roaving Pinaces pierced into these parts , & at Redding fortified themselves betwixt the rivers Kennet and Thamisis , whither after their great overthrow received at Inglefeild by the hand of King Ethelwolfe , they retired for their further safetie . ( 6 ) This Town King Henry the first most stately beautified with a rich Monasterie and strong Castle , where , in the Collegiate Church of the Abbey , himselfe and Queen ( who lay both veiled and crowned ) with their daughter Maud the Empresse , called the Lady of England , were interred , as the private Historie of the place avoucheth , though others bestow the bodies of these two Queenes elsewhere . The Castle King Henry the second razed to the ground , because it was the refuge for the followers of King Stephen . From whence the North-Pole is raised in Latitude 51. degrees and 40. minutes , and in Longitude from the first VVest-point observed by Mercator 19. degrees and 35. minutes . ( 7 ) A Castle and Towne of greater strength and antiquitie was Wallingford , by Antonine and Ptolemie called Gallena , the chiefest Citie of the Attrebatians , whose large circuit , and strong fortifications , shew plainly , that it was a place of the Romanes abode , and since in a conceived safetie hath made many very bold , especially when the sparkes of Englands civill dissentions were forced to flame in case of the Crown , betwixt Maud the Empresse and King Stephen , whither her selfe and associates resorted as their surest defence . ( 8 ) But of farre greater magnificence and state is the Castle of Windsor , a most Princely Palace , and Mansion of his Majestie . I will not with Ieffrey affirme it to be built by King Arthur , but with better authoritie say , it was so thirsted after by the Conquerour , that by a composition with the Abbot of Westminster , whose then it was , he made it to be the Kings Possessiō , as a place besides the pleasures , very commodious to entertain the King. In this Castle that victorious Prince K. Edward the third was born ; and herein after he had subdued the French and Scots , held he at one and the same time , as his Prisoners , Iohn King of France , and David K. of Scotland . Neither was it ever graced with greater Majestie , then by the institution of the most honourable Order of the Garter , a signal Ornament of Martiall Prowesse : the invention thereof some ascribe to be from a Garter falling from his Queene , or rather from loan Countesse of Salisbury , a Lady of an incomparable beautie , as she danced before him , whereat the by-standers smiling , he gave the impresse to checke all evil conceits , and in golden Letters imbellished the Garter with this French Poesie , HON I SOIT QVI MALY PENSE . And yet that worthy Clarenceaux alledging the booke of the first institution , finds the invention to be more ancient , as when King Richard the first warred against the Turkes , Saracens , Cypres , and Acon , he girt the legs of certaine choise Knights with a tache of leather , which promised a future glory to the wearers . The most Princely Chappell thereof is graced with the bodies of those two great Kings , Henry the sixt , and Edward the fourth , whom the whole Kingdome was too little to containe , the one of Lancaster , the other of Yorke , where they rest now united in one mould , with a branch of both those Houses , even King Henry the Eight who there lyeth also interred , and rests in the Lord. ( 9 ) Other places of note in this Shire are Sinodum in the North , and Watham in the East , both of them places of the Romanes residence , as by their Monyes there oftentimes found appeareth . Neither was Sunning the least in this Tract , that had been the Seat of eight Bishops before the See was translated thence unto Shirburne , or that to Salisbury . Wantage also is not wanting of honour , in bringing to life that learned and most valiant King Ealfred , the scourge of the Danes , and great Monarch of the English. And Finchhamsted for wonder inferiour to none , where ( as our Writers doe witnesse ) that in the yeere a thousand one hundred , a VVell boyled up with streames of bloud , and fifteene dayes together continued that spring , whose waters made red all others where they came , to the great amazement of the beholders . ( 10 ) The riches and sweet seats that this Countie affordeth , made many devout persons to shew their devotions unto true pietie , in erecting places for Gods divine service , and their exemptions from all worldly businesse : such were Abington , Redding , Bisham , Bromehall , Henley , Hamme , and Wallingford , whose Votaries abusing the intents of their Foūders , overthrew both their own Orders and places of professions ; all which were dissolved by Act of Parliament , and given the King to dispose at his will. This Shires division is into twenty Hundreds , and hath beene strengthned with sixe strong Castles , is yet graced with three of his Majesties most Princely Houses , and traded with twelve Market-Towns , and is replenished with one hundred and fortie Parish-Churches , all whose names are further inserted in the Table following . map of Berkshire BARKSHIRE DESCRIBED HVNDREDS In BARKE-SHIRE . 1. HOrmer . 2. Ganfeild . 3. Farrington . 4. Shrivenham . 5. Wanting . 6. Compton . 7. Morton . 8. Lamborne . 9. Fairecrosse . 10. Theale . 11. Reading . 12. Charleton . 13. Sonnynge . 14. Wargrove . 15. Barnerlhe . 16. Braye . 17. Ripplemore . 18. Cookham . 19. Oke . 20. Kentbury . A ABINGTON , Hor. Aldermerston , Theale . Aldworth , Compt. Apleford , Oke . Apleton , Oke . Arberfeild , Son. Ardington , VVant. Ashamsteed , Mort. Ashbury , Shri. Aston upthorpe , Mor. Aston tirrold , Mort. Avington , Kent . B Bagnor , Fair. Balking , Shriu. Barkham , Charl. Barrington , Far. Barton , Hor. Basselden , Mort. Bayworth , Hor. Benham vale , Kent . Berneham , Read. Blesselslighe , Hor. Biddon , Fair. Billingesbere , War. Bisham , Ber. Blubery , Read. Borton , Shriu. Botley , Hor. Bourshill , Hor. Boxford , Fair. Bradfeild , Theale . Braye , Braye . Bright walton , Fair. Brightwell , Mort. Brimpton , Faire . Buckland Gan. Bucklebury , Read. Burfield , Theale . Burwesket , Shriu. Bynfeild , Cook. C Calcot , Kent . Catmer , Kent . Chaddleworth , Kent . Chalie , Hor. Chalow west , Kent . Charlton , VVant. Charney , Gan. Chaulsey , Mort. Cheveley , Fair. Childry , VVant. Chilton , Compt. Chilswell , Hor. Cholsey , Read. Churchspene , Read. Cleworth , Rip . Clopcott , Mort. Colleshull , Shriu. Cookeha● , Cook. Compton , Compt. Compton , Shriu. Cothy Flu. Coxwell little , Far. Coxwell great , Far. Cuckhamsley hill , Compt. Cumner , Hor. D Demyston Castle , Fair. Denchworth south , VVant. Donnington , Fair. Draiton , Oke . Draycott more , Oke . Dudcot , Mort. E Earlie , Charl. Easthamsted , Rip . Eaton , Oke . Edington , Kent . Enborne , Kent . F Falley , Kent . Falowe , Shriu. FARRINGDON , Far. Farrington little , Far. Farnebrough , Compt. Fernisham , Shriu. Frilford , Oke . Frilsham , Fair. Fyfeild , Oke . Fynchamsted , Char. G Garford , Oke . Garfton east , Lam. Ginge east , VVant. Goosey , Oke . Grampond , Hor. Greenham , Fair. Grove , VVant. H Hagborne east , Mort. Hagborne west , Mort. Hampsted morryes , Fair. Lech Hampsted , Faire . Hams west , VVant. Hams east , Want. Hamsted marshall , Kent . Hanney east , Oke . Hardwell , Shriu. Hartly Donnex , Theale . Harwell , Mort. Hatford , Gan. Hendred east , Read. Hendred west , VVant. Hendred east , VVant. Hillend , Hor. Hincksey Laurence , Hor. Hincksey south , Hor. Hinton , Gan. Hobcot , Kent . HVNGERFORD , Kent . Hurley , Ber. Hurst , Son. I Ilsley west , Compt. ILSLEYEAST , Compt. Inglefeild , Theale . Inglisham , Fa. Inkpen , Kent . S. Iohns bridge , Far. Isbury , Lam. K Kinburye , Kent . Kingstone bagpuze , Oke . Kingstone on lile , Shriu. Kennet Flu. Kennington , Hor. Knight-bridge , Fair. L LAMBORNE , Lam. Langford , Far. Letcombe kings , Kent . Letcombe basset , Kent . Leverton , Kent . Littleworth , Shriu. Locking west , Want. Locking east , Want. Loddon bridge , Son. Loddon Flu. Longcot , Shriu. Longworth , Gan. Lyford , Oke . M MADENHEAD , Bray . Marcham , Oke . Markney , Mort. Martlefton , Fair. Mershall , Kent . Midgham , Fair. Mifton , Oke . Mortimer wookfeild , Theale . Morton north , Mort. Morton south , Mort. Moulsforb , Mort. N NEWBERY , Fair. New bridge , Oke . Norcott , Hor. O Oke Flu. OKINGHAM , Son. Owre Chappel , Fair. P Padworth , Theale . Pangborne , Read. Peysmore , Fair. Purley , Theale . Pusay , Gan. R Radcott bridge , Farring . Radley , Hor. READING , Read. Remneham , Bern. Ruscombe , Son. S Sandensoe , Kent . Sandford , Hor. Sandhurst , Son. Satwell , Mort. Shallington , Gan. Shattesbrooke , Ber. Shawborne , Kent . Shawe , Fair. Shelford great , Lamb. Shelford little , Kent . Shellingford , Gan. Shilton , Far. Shinfeild , Charl. Shipton , Hor. Shrivenham , Shriu. Silham , Theale . Slancler , Shriu. Sonnyngwell , Hor. Spersholt , Want. Spene , Fair. Spinhamland , Fair. Stanford , Gan. Stanford dingbie , Fair. Stedes , Theale . Steventon , Oke . Stretley , Mort. Stronde , Hor. Sulhamsted bannester , Theale . Sulthamsted Abbots , R. Sunyng , Son. Sunninghall , Cook. Sutham , Theale . Sutton courtney , Oke . Swallowfeild , Theale . T Thatcham , Read. Thele , Theale . Thorp , Hor. Trup , Shriu. Twyfort , VVar. Tydmershe , Theale . Tylehurst , Read. V The Vale of Whitehorse , Shriu. Vffington , Shriu. Vpton , Mort. Vstone , Theale . W Wadley , Shriu. WALLINGFORD , Mor. Waltham Laurence , War. Whit Waltham , Ber. WANTAGE , Want. Warfield , War. Wargrove , War. Watchfeild , Shriu. Wasinge , Fair. Welford , Fair. Westbroke , Kent . Whetston , Tynes . Whisley in hurst , Charl. Whitley , Hor. Whitley , Read. Whitehorse hill , Shriu. VVickham , Kent . WINDSOR , Rip . VVindsore parke , Rip . VVindsore forest , Rip . Old Windsore , Rip . Winckfield , Rip . Winterborne , Fair. Witham , Hor. VVitley parke , Charl. Witnham little , Oke . VVitnham long , Oke . VVolston , Shriu. VVoodhay , Kent . VVoodspene , Fair. Woolley , Kent . Woolhampton , Theale . Wotton , Hor. Wiversley in hurst , Son. Y Yattington , Fair. MIDDLESEX , so called in regard of the situation , as seated betwixt the West-Saxons and East-Angles was sometimes , together with Essex and Hartfordshire , that part and portiō which the East-Saxons enioyed for their Kingdom : it lieth bordered vpon the North , with Hartfordshire ; vpon the West by Colne , is seuered from Buckingham ; the South , by Thamesis , from Surrey & Kent ; and on the East from Essex , by the Riuer Lea. ( 2 ) The length thereof extened from Stratford in the East , to Morehall vpon C●lne in the West , is by measure nineteene English miles ; and from South-mines in the North , to his Maiesties Mannour of Hampton-Court in the South , are little aboue sixteene miles , the whole circumference extending to ninety . ( 3 ) In forme it is almost square , for ayre passing temperate , for soile abundantly fertile , and for pasturage and graine of all kindes , yeelding the best , so that the Wheat of this Countie hath serued a long time for the Manchet to our Princes Table . ( 4 ) It lieth seated in a vale most wholesome & rich , hauing some hils also , and them of good ascent from whose tops the prospect of y● who le is seene like vnto Zoar in Egypt , or rather like a Paradise & Garaē of God. ( 5 ) The ancient Inhabitants knowne to Cae●ar , were the Trinobants , whom he nameth to be the most puissant in the Land ; whose chiefe Citie and State yeelding him subiection , made the whole , with lesse losse to the Romans , to beare the yoke of their owne bondage ; and to come in vndertermes of truce . But when their forces in these parts were spent , and the Empire shaken by intestine warres , the Saxons setting their eyes vpon so faire a soile , made their footing as sure herein ; which lastly with Hartford & Essex , was the portion of the East-Saxons Kingdome . ( 6 ) Fiue princely houses , inheritable to the English crown , are seated in this shire , which are Enfie●d , Hanworth , Whitehall , S. Iames , & Hampton Court a citie rather in shew then the Palace of a Prince , & for stately Port & gorgeous building , not inferior to any in Europe At Thistleworth once stood the Palace of Richard K. of the ●●mans , E. of Cornwall , which the Lond●ners in a tumultuous broyle , burned to the ground : many other stately houses of our English N●b●tty Knights , & gentlemē , as also of the worshipfull citizens of Lon●● are in this shire so sumptuously built & pleasantly seated , as the like in the like circuit are no where else to be found . Neere vnto Thamesis entrance into this County , is kept the remembrance of Caesars entrance ouer Th●mesis by the name of Coway stakes , stuck fast in the bottome to impeach his designes ; and further at Stanes a Maire-stone once stood for a marke of Iurisdiction that London had so farre vpon Thamesis . ( 7 ) Which Citie is more ancient then any true record beareth , fabuled from Brute , Troyno●ant , from Lud , Ludstone : But by more credible writers , Tacitus , Ptolemy , and Antonine , Londinium by Aminianus Mercellinus for her successiue prosperitie , Augusta , the greatest title that can be giuen to any : by Britaines , Londayn , by the Saxons , London Ceasder , by Strangers Londra , and by vs London . This Citie doth shew as the Cedars among other trees , being the seat of the British Kings , the chamber of the English , the modell of the land , and the mart of the world : for thither are brought the silke of Asia , the spices from Africa , the Balmes from Grecia , & the riches of both the Indies East and West : no Citie standing so long in fame , nor any for diuine and politicke gouernment may with her be compared . Her wals were first set by great Constantine the first Christiā Emperor at the suit of his mother , Q. Helen , reared with rough stone and British Bricke , three English miles in compasse : thorow which are now made 7. most faire gates , besides 3. other passages for entrance . Along the Thamesis , this wall at first rāged , & with two gates opened , the one Doure-gate , now Dowgate , & the other Billinsgate , a receptacle for ships . In the midst of this wal was set a mile-marke ( as the like was in Rome ) from whence were measured their statiōs for cariage or otherwise ; the same as yet standeth , and hath been long knowne by the name of London Stone . Vpon the East of this city , the Church of S. Peters is thought to be the cathedral of Restitutus , the Christian Bishops see , who liued in the raigne of Great Constantine ; but since S. Pauls in the West part , from the Temple of Diana , assamed that dignity , whose greatnes doth exceed any other at this day , & spires so high that twice it hath been cōsumed by lightning frō Heauen . Besides this cathedral , God is honored in one hūdred twenty one Churches more in this city : that is , ninety six within the wals ; sixteen without , but within the Liberties ; & nine more in her Suburbs ; & in Fitz-Stephens time , thirteen Conuents of religious Orders . It is diuided into 26. Wards , gouerned by so many graue Aldermē a ● . Ma●or & 2. Sherifs , the yeerely choice whereof was granted them by Patent frō K. Iohn ; in whose time also a Bridge of Stone was made ouer Thames , vpon nineteene Arches , for length , bredth , beautie , and building , the like againe not found in the world . ( 8 ) This London ( as it were ) disdaining bondage , hath set her selfe on each side , far without the walls , & hath left her Westgate in the midst , from whence with continuall buildings still affecting greatnes ) she hath continued her streets vnto a Kings Palace , and ioyned a second * Citie to her selfe , famous for the Seat and Sepulchre of our Kings ; and for the Gates of Iustice , that termely there are opened , onely once a Bishops See , whose Title died with the man. No wals are set about this City , and those of London are left , to shew rather what it was , then what it is : whose Citizens , as the Lacedemonians did , do impute their strength in their men , & not in their wals , how strong soeuer . Or else for their multitude , cannot be circulated , but ( as another Ierusalem is inhabited without wals , as Zachary said . The wealth of this Citie ( as Isai once spake of Nilus ) growes from the Reuenews and haruest of her south-bounding Thames ; whose traffique for marchādizing is like that of ●yrus , wherof Ezechiel speaks & stands in abundance of Siluer , Iron , Tyn & Lead , &c. And from London her chanell is nauigable , straitned along with medowing borders , vntill she taketh her full libertie in the Germane Seas . Vpon this Thamesis the Ships of Tharsis seeme to rid● , & the Nauy , that rightly is termed the Lady of the Sea , spreds her saile . Whence twice with luckie successe hath beene accomplished , the compassing of the vniuersall Globe . This Riuer , Canutus laying siege against London , sought by digging to diuert , & before him the Danes had done great harmes in the Citie , yet was their State recouered by K. Elfred , and the Riuer kept her old course , notwithstanding that cost . In the times of the Normans , some ciuill broiles haue bin attempted in this City , as in the dayes of K. Iohn , whereinto his Barons entred , and the Tower yeelded vnto Lewis . And againe , Wat Tiler herein cōmitted outragious cruelties , but was worthily struck down by the Maior & slain in Smithfield . This Cities graduation for Latitude is the degree 51 45. min. and in Longitude 20. degrees 39. minutes . ( 9 ) In this County at B●rnet , vpon Easter day , a bloudy battell was fought , betwixt Henry 6. and Edward 4. wherein were slaine one Marques , one Earle , three Lords , & with them ten thousand English-men . ( 10 ) The diuision of this Shire is into seuen Hundreds , wherein are seated two Cities , foure Market Townes , & seuenty three Parish-Churches , besides them in London ; where in the Church of Gray-Fryers , now called Christ-Church , three Queenes lie interred , which were , Queene Margaret , the D. of Philip the hardy , King of France , second wife to King Edward the first ; the second was Queene Isabel , wife to King Edward the second , and D. to Philip the faire King of France ; and the third was Queene Ioan , their daughter , maried to Dauid King of Scotland . map of Middlesex MIDLE-SEX described WITH THE MOST FAMOUS Cities of LONDON and WESTMINSTER HVNDREDS in MIDDLESEX . 1 Edmonton . 2 Gore . 3 Fynnesbury , and Wenlaxebarn . 4 Osulston . 5 Elthorne . 6 Istleworth . 7 Spelthorne . A Acton West , Fynnesbury . Acton East , Fynnesbury . Alperton , G●re . Ascott , Elthorne . Ash●forde , Spelthorne . Astleham , Spelthorne . B Baber bridge , Spelthorne . Fryarne Barnet , Fynnesbury . Bedfonte West , Spelthorne . Bedfonte East , Spelthorne . Bednall Greene , Osulston . Belsyfe , Fynnesbury . Bishops hall , Osulston . Blackwall , Osulston . Boston , Elthorne . Braineforde little , Elthorne . BRAINEFORD West , Eltho . Breakspeares , Elthorne . Brent Flu. Brentstore , Gore . Broken borowes , Elthorne . Bromesley , Osulst. Brompton , Fynnesb. Browswell , Fynnesb. Burmfeild , Edmont . Burystreete , Edmont . C Canons , Gore . Canbury , Fynnesb. Chalcot , Fynnesb. Charlton , Spelthorn . Chelsey , Fynnesb. Cheswicke , Fynnesb. Childes hill , Fynnesbury . Clapton , Osulston . Clarkenwell , Osulst. Colham , Elthorne . Colne Flu. Cony hatch , Fynnesb. Coppermill , Istleworth . Coptehall , Osulst. Cowley , Elthorne . Craneford , Elthorne . Craneford bridge , Elthorne . Cruch end , Fynnesbury . D Daleston hill , Fynnesbury . Dalis , Gore . Daneershill , Edmont . Deane wood , Fynnesb. Dogges Isle , Osulst. Dormans well , Elthorne . Dorsey sars , Edmont . Drayton West , Elthorne . Driuershill , Gore . Ducoates , Edmont . Durance , Edmont . Durhams , Edmont . E East end , Fynnesb. EDGWARE , Gore . Edmonton , Edmont . Edmondstreete , Edmont . Elynge , Fynnesb. Enfeild , Edmont . Enfeild chase , Edmont . Eueney farme , Spelthor . F Feltham , Spelthor . Feltham hill , Spelthor . Fincheley , Fynnesb. The Fold , Edmont . Fryain Maner , Fynnesb. Fryth , Gore . Fulham , Fynnesbury . G Greene hill , Gore . Greeneford , Elthor. Greenestret , Edmont . Gunnetsbury , Fynnes . S. Gyles , Fynnesb. H Hackney , Osulst. Hadley , Edmont . Halwayes , Fynnesb. Hamersinyth , Finnesb . Hampton , Spelthorn . Hampton Court , Spelthorn . Hampsteed , Fynnesb. Hamsworth , Elthor. Hanford , Spelthor . Hanworth , Spelthorn . Hangerwood , Fynnesb. Hanwell , Elthorn . Harefeild , Elthorn . Harleston greene , Fynnesb. Harlington , Elthorn . Harmondesworth , Elthor. Harrow hill , Gore . Heayes , Elthorn . Hellingdon little , Elthor. Hendon , Gore . Hendon house , Gore . Heston , Istle . Highwood , Gore . Highgate , Fynnesb. Hillingdon little , Elthor. Hillingdon great , Elthor. Hockesdon , Osulst. Hollick , Fynnesb. Holly well streete , Osulst. Hornesey , Fynnesb. The Hospitall , Fynnesb. Hunslow , Istle . Hyde Parke , Fynnesb. I S. Iames , Fynnesb. Ickenham , Eltho●n . I le of dogges , Osulst. Islington , Fynnesb. Istleworth , Istle . K S. Katherins , Lon. Lib. Kensingeton , Fynnesb. Kenton , Gore . Kenton , Spelthor . Kentishtowne , Fynnesb. Kickesend , Edmont . Kingsland , Osulst. Kingesbury , Gore . Kingston wike , Spelt . Knightsbridge , Fynnesb. Kylborne , Fynnesb. L Lal●ham , Spelthorne . Littleton , Spelthorne . Lodge hill , Fynnesb. LONDON . Ludgraues , Edmont . Lymehouse , Osulst. M M●rybone , Fynnesb. Mendon house , Gore . Merestrete , Osulst. Milhill , Gore . Morehall , Elthorn . Morehatche , Edmont . Muckings , Edmont . Muswell hill , Fynnesb. Myle end , Osulst. Myms south , Edmont . N Northhall Lodge , Elthorn . Nefedon , Fynnesb. Newhouse , Spelth. Newington Stoke , Fynnesb. Newington , Fynnes . Newington greene , Fynnesb. Norcote , E●thorne . Northall , Elthorne . North end , Fynnesb. Norton folgate , Osu●st . Norwood , Elthorne . O Oldeford , Osu●st . Osterley , Elthorne . P Padingwick , Fynnesb. Padington , Fynnesb. Pancras , Fynnesb. Parsons greene , Fynnesb. Perrinale , Elthorne . Pinnes , Edmont . Ponders end , Edmont . Popler , Osulst. Potters barr , Edmont . Preston , Gore . Pynner , Gore . R Rateclyffe , Osulst. Rimslippe , Elthorn . Roxoey , Gore . S Safforne hill , Fynnesb. Sauthold , Elthorn . Shackerwell , Osulst. Shepperton , Spelth. Shorditch , Osulst. Southmyns , Edmont . STANES , Spelth. Stanmore great , Gore . Stanmore little , Gore . Stanner great , Gore . Stanschurch , Spelth. Stanwell , Spelth. Stepney , Osulst. Strande , Elthor. Stratford bow , Osulst. Sudbury , Gore . Sunbury , Spelthor . Swaleys , Elthorne . Syon , Elthorne . Sypson , Elthorne . T Tottenham , Edmont . Tottenham streete , Edmont . Tottenham high-crosse . Edmont . Totten Court , Fynnesb. Tuddington , Spelth. Turnham greene , Elthor. Twickenham , Istle . Twickenham Parke , Istle . Twyford East , Fynnes . Twyford West , Gore . V VXBRIDGE , Elthor. Vxenden , Gore . W Wadhad greene , Fynnesb. Waltham crosse , Edmont . Wapping , Osulst. Weald , Gore . Wemley hill , Gore . Westborne , Fynnesb. WESTMINSTER . Westminster Citie . Whetstone , Fynnesb. Wewrsley , Elthorn . Whitton , Istle . Whitwebb , Edmont . Willesdon , Fynnesb. Winchmorhill , Edmont . Woodhall , Gore . Worton , Istle . Wyerhill , Edmont . ESSEX , by the Saxons written East-seaxa , and East-sexscife , by the Normans Exsessa , and by the vulgar Essex ; is a Countie large in compasse , very populous , and nothing inferiour to the best of the Land. ( 2 ) The forme thereof is somewhat circular , excepting the East part , which shooterh her self with many Promontories into the Sea ; and from Horsey Island to Haidon in the West , ( the broadest part of the shire ) are by measure forty miles , and the length from East-Ham upon Thamisis in the South , to Surmere upon the River Stow in the North , are thirtie miles ; the whole in circumference , one hundred fortie six miles . ( 3 ) It lyeth bounded upon the North , with Suffolke and Cambridge-shires , upon the West with Hertford and Middlesex , upon the South by Thamisis is parted from Kent , and the East side thereof is altogether washed with the German Sea. ( 4 ) The aire is temperate and pleasant , only towards the waters somwhat aguish , the soil is rich and fruitfull , though in some places sandy & barren : yet so that it never frustrates the Husbandmans hopes , or fils not the hands of her Harvest-Labourers : but in some part so fertile , that after three yeers glebe of Saffron , the land for 18. more , will yeeld plenty of Barley , without either dung or other fatning earth . ( 5 ) Her ancient Inhabitants known to the Romans , were by Caesar called the Trinobantes , of whom in the former Chapter we have spoken , and in our History shall speak more at large . But this name perishing with the age of the Empire , the Saxons presently framed a new ; and with Hertford and Middlesex made it their East-Saxons Kingdom , untill that Egbert brought this and the whole into an entire and absolute Monarchy : the Danes after them laide so sore for this Province , that at Beamfleet and Havenes ( now Shobery ) they fortified most strongly ; and at Barklow , ( besides the hils mounted for their burials ) the Danewort with her red berries , so plentifully grow , that it is held and accounted to spring from the blood of the Danes which in that place was spilt , and the hearb as yet is called from them the Danes-blood ; neither yet were they quelled to furcease that quarrell ; but at Ashdown abode the Ironside in fight , wherein so much blood of the English was spilt , that Canutus their King in remorse of conscience ; built a Church in the place , to pacifie God for the sinnes of his people : But when the Normans had got the garland of the whole , many of their Nobles there seated themselves , whose posterities since , both there and els-where , are spread further abroad in the Realme . ( 6 ) The Commodities that this Shire yeeldeth , are many and great , as of woods , corne , cattle , fish , forrests and Saffron ; which last groweth with such gain and increase upon her North parts , that from a split clove much like unto Garlike , a white blewish flower shortly springeth , from whence fillets of Saffron are gathered before the Sun , and dried , are sold as spice with great gain . From the Islands Canvey , Mersey , Horsey , Northly , Osey , Wallot & Foulnes , great store of fish and fowle are daily gotten : and so from their cattle have they continuall increase , which men and boyes milke ; as well the Ewe as the Kine ; whereof they make great and thicke Cheese , sold abroad in the Land , and much thereof transported into other Countries . Their Oysters which we call Walfleet , the best in esteeme , and are thought from Plinie to have beene served in the Romans Kitchins . But lest we should exceed measure in commending , or the people repose their trust in the soile ; behold what God can do , to frustrate both in a moment , & that by his meanest creatures : for in our age and remembrance , the yeare of Christ 1581. an Armie of Mice so over-ranne the Marshes in Dengey Hundred , neere unto South-minster in this Countie , that they shore the grasse to the very roots , and so tainted the same with their venemous teeth , that a great Murraine fell upon the cattle which grazed thereon , to the great losse of their owners . ( 7 ) The chiefest Citie for account at this day in this Shire is Colchester , built by Coilus the Brittish Prince , one hundred twenty-foure yeares after the birth of our Saviour Christ ( if he of Monmouth say true ) wherein his sonne Lucius , Helena , and Constantine , the first Christian King , Empresse , and Emperour in the world , were born : which made Necham for Constantine to sing as he did . From Colchester there rose a starre , The rayes whereof gave glorious light Throughout the world in Climates farre , Great Constantine , Romes Emperour bright . And the Romans to the great honor of Helena inscribed her , Pitssima Venerabilis Augusta . But of these we shall be occasioned to speake more hereafter . This City is situated upō the south of the river Coln , from whence it hath the name , and is walled about , raised upon a high trench of earth , though now much decaied , having 6. Gates of entrance , and 3. posterns in the West wal , besides 9. Watch-towers for defence , and containeth in compasse 1980. paces ; wherein stand 8. fair Churches , and two other without the walls , for Gods divine service : S. Tenants and the Black Friers decayed in the suburbs ; Mary Magdalins , the Nunnery , S. Iohns , & the Crouched Fryers , all suppressed : within towards the East is mounted an old Castle , and elder ruines upon a trench containing two Acres of ground , whereas yet may be seene the provident care they had against all ensuing assaults . The trade of this towne standeth chiefly in making of cloth , and Baies , with Sayes , & other like Stuffes daily invented ; and is governed by two Bailiffes , 12. Aldermen , all wearing scarlet ; a Recorder , a Town-clerk , and four Sergeants at Mace. Whose position for Latitude is in the degree 52.14 . minutes ; and for Longitude , in the degree 21. and 5. minutes . ( 8 ) Places of antiquity & memorable note in this County , I observe the most famous to be Camalodunum , by the Saxons Male oune , by us Maldō which was the Royall seat of Cunobelin King of the Trinobants , as by his mony therein minted appeareth , about the time of our Saviours birth : which City afterwards Claudius won from the Britaines , & therein placed a Colony of souldiers , which were called Victricensis , This City Queene Boduo , in revenge of her wrongs , razed to the ground , what time she stirred their people against Nero , with the slaughter of 70. thousand of the Romans . Of some later and lesser account was Ithanchester now S. Peters upon the wall , where the Fortenses with their captain kept , towards the declination of the Roman Empire . In the east Promontory of this County , in the raigne of Richard the second , the teeth of a giant were found ( if they were not of an Elephant ) of a marvellous size ( saith Ralph Coggeshall ) and not far thence , in the raigne of Elizabeth , more bones to the like wonder were digged up . ( 9 ) I purposely omit the message of a Pilgrim from S. Iohn Baptist , by whom he sent a ring to K. Edward Confessor ; for which cause his house tooke the name Havering : seeing the Monks of those times made no great dainty daily to forge matter for their own advantage : who in this Shire so swarmed that they had houses erected at Walthā , Pritlewell , Tiltey , Dunmow , Leeye , Hatfeild-Peverell , Chelmesford , Coggeshall , Maldon , Earls-coln , Colchester , S. Osiths , Saffron-Waldon , Hatfeild-Bradoke , and more , with great revenues thereto belonging , all which felt the axes and hammers of destruction , when the rest of such foundations fell under the flail of K. Henry the 8. who with Ezekiah brake downe all these Brasen Serpents . ( 10 ) This Shire is divided into twenty Hundreds , wherein are seated 21. Market-Townes , 5. Castles , 5. Havens , 2. of his Maiesties Mannours , and 415. Parish-Churches : all which are expressed in the Table annexed to this Countie following . map of Essex ESSEX , devided into Hundreds , with the most antient and sayre Towne COLCHESTER Described and — other memorable MONUMENTS observed . Anno 1610. HVNDREDS in ESSEX . 1. VTtlesford . 2. Hinckford . 3. Lexden . 4. Tendring . 5. Dengie . 6. Witham . 7. Chelmesford . 8. Dunmow . 9. Clavering . 10. Harlowe . 11. Waltham . 12. Havering . 13. Becontree . 14. Freshwell . 15. Chafford . 16. Barstable . 17. Ongar . 18. Thurstable . 19. Rotchford . 20. Winstree . A Abbey Roding , Ong. Abenton , winst . Abrey hatch , becont . Aldham , lex . Allisford , tend . Alphamstone , hinck . Althorne , deng . Alvethlye , chaff . Ammadonhall , vttl. Ardleyghe , t●n . Arkesden , vttles . Arnolds , ong . Ashdon , fresh . Ashden , hinc . Asheldon , deng . Ashefeild , hinc . Ashingdon , rotch. Audley end , vttl. S. Ayleths , vttl. B Bacches , rotch. Baddowe little , Chel . Baddowe great , Chel . Ballingdon , hinck . Barrington hall , har . BARKING , bec . Barling , rotch. Barnish Roding , dun . Barnyk hall , lex . Borrohall , rotch. Barwick parker , chaff . Bassets , deng . Bassildon , barst . Bassingborne , vttl. Battle bridge , chel . Battle hall , clau . Bayton end , clau . The Beakon , lex . Beamonte , ten . Beacham Roding , on . Beches , bar . Belchampwater , hin . Belchamp S. Paul , hinck . Belchampotten , hinck Belhouse , hinck . Bellowes , dun . Benfeild , claver . Benflitt north , barst . Benflitt south , barst . Bentley little , ten . Bentley great , ten . Berche hall , ong . Berdon priory , clau . Berden , claver . Berechurch , lex . Bernes Roding , dun . Bersholt , lex . Bettolls , chaff . Beweres hamlet , hinck . Bicknecie , chelm . Bilesdon , ong . BILLERECAY , bar . Birch great , lex . Birch little , lex . Birchanger , uttles. Black●●●●pell , dun . Black 〈…〉 Black-wat●●●● ▪ Blockhouse , winst . Bobingworth , ong . Bocking , hinck . Boreham , chelm . Boreley , hinck . Bovyll , ten . Bowcers , lex . Bowers gifford , barst . Bowre , winst . Bowre hall , hinck . Bowrchers hall , thurst . Boxted , lex . Boydon hall , chelm . Bradfeild , ten . Bradfeild ●aling , fresh . Bradfeild little , Fresh . Bradfeild great , fresh . Bradwell , deng . Bradwell , with . BRAINTRIE , hin . Bramston , dunm. Braxted great , with . Braxted little , with . The new Breach , becon . Brentishe , ong . BRENTWOOD , C. Brettes , ten . Bretton layer , winst . Brickelsey , ten . Brides greene , dun . Brittens , becon . Brodokes , vttle . Brokehall , hinck . Brokstreet , chaff . ▪ Bromfeild , chelm . Broxted hall , dunm. Broxted , dunm. Brumley little , ten . Brumley great , ten . Brunden , hinck . Brunden , hinck . Brunden hall , hin●ck . Brunshobery , dunm. Brunthall , hinck . Buckware , dun . Bulmer , hinck . Bulpham , barst . Bumstedhelion , fresh . Bumsteed steeple , hinck . Burbrooke , hinck . Bures mont , lex . Burneham , deng . Bursted little , barst . Bursted great , barst . Buttesbury . chelm . Byam hall , hinck . C Campions , deng . Campions , harl . Canewdon , rotch. Canfeild hall , dun . Canfeild great , dun . Canfeild little , dun . Canue Iland , barst . Chaldwell , barst . Chappell , lex . The Chappell , hau . Chatley , with . Chawdwell , becon . Chelmer flu . CHELMESFORD . Chesterford great , uttles. Chesterford little , uttles. Chesterford , uttles. Chevers , ong . Chickney , dun . Chignall S. Iames. chelm . Chignall smely , chelm . Chigwell , ong . Chigwell row , ong . Chigwell dewes , ong . Childerditche , chaff . China hall , walth . Chingeford , walth . Chipping hongar , ongar . Chissell little , uttles. Chissell great , uttles. Clackton great , ten . Clackton , little , ten . Clarret hall , hinck . Clavering , claver . Claybury , becon . Cockrells , chaff . Codham , hinck . Coggeshall , little , with . COGGISHAL , lex . COLCHESTER ▪ lex Cold hall , chelm . Collier row , han . Colnewake , lex . Colne white , lex . Colne Earles , lex . Colne flu . Colne Engame , lex . Cooke hall , lex . Copford , lex Coptchall , wall . Coringham , barst . Cotes , ten . Covers , ong . Cowpers hall , ong . Cranham , chaf . Cressing , with . Cressing Temple , wi . Cricksey , deng . Cricksey ferry , rotch. Cripping , lex . Crissall , uttles. Crissall great , uttles. Crouche flu . Custridge , ten . Cusse hall , hinck . D Dagenham , becon . Dagenham little , cha . Danbury , chelm . Darwardes , hinck . Debden , uttles. Dedham , lex . Delahayelayer , winst . Dengie , deng . Dewes , ong . Dodinghurst , ong . Dunmow little , dun . DVNMOVV great , dun . Donyland west , lex . Donyland east , lex . Dover Court , ten . Dowington waylet , barst . Downe , harl . Downham , barst . Dukes , winst . Dunmow Church , D. Dunton , barst . Dynes hall , hinck . E Eastbury , becon . Easter good , dun . Easterford , with . Easter high , dun . Easthorpe , lex . Easton little , dun . Easton great , dun . Eastwood , rotch. Edwards hall , chelm . Elmdon , uttles. Elmstede , ten . Elsenham , uttles. Engaynes , ten . EPPINGSTRETE , walt . Epping towne , walt . Eythorp Roding , dun . F Fairestede , with . Falkborne , with . Fambridge North , d●ng . Fambridge South , rotch. Fangie , barst . Farnham , claver . Fawbridge , ten . Feering , lex . Felsteede , hinck . Fellowes hall , with . Femings , chelm . Fidlers , chelm . Finchingfeild , hinck . Fingringhoo , winst . Flamberds , deng . Fobbing , barst . Fordham , lex . Fowlnesse , rotch. Fox-earth , hinck . Frating , ten . Frennoll , barst . Frinton , ten . Fryerning , chelm . Fyfeild , ong . G Gaines , chaff . Gaines parke , ong . Garndes , dun . Gestlingthorpe , hin . Giddie hall , haver . Gingrave , barst . Goldingham , hinck . Goldlngham hall , hin . Gooses , haver . Gosfeild , hinck . Gouldhanger , thur . The Grange , fresh . Greensted , ong . Greensted , lex . Gubbins , have . Gunfleete , ten . Gyldabbs , barst . S. Gyles , wal●h . H Hackwell , rotch. Hacton , chaff Hadleigh , rotch. Hadleigh Castle , rotc . Hadstocke , fresh . Hallifield , walth . Ham east , becon . Ham west , becon . Haningfeild east , che . Haningfeild west , che . Haningfeild south , ch . Harlowe , harl . Harlow street , harl . Harlowbury , har . Harolds wood , hau . Harrolds pa●ke , walt . HARWICH , ten . Haseley , deng . Hassobury , clave● . Hastings wood , harl . Hastingbury Morley , harl . Hastingbury little , harl . Hatfeild forrest , harl . Hatfeild peverel , wit. HATFEILD BRADOCKE , Havering , haver . HAV●S●EED GREAT , ha . Haw●●●n , harl . Hell hall , ong . Hemstede , fresh . HEMYNGHAM CASTLE . Henham , uttles. Heningham siblo , hi. Hennye little , hinck . Hennye great hinck . Herne , barst . Herons , dun . Heybridge , thur . Heybridge , ong . Heydon , uttles. Hipford , hinck . HIGH ONGER , o. Hockley , rotch. Holland great , ten . Holland little , ten . Holl haven , barst . Horeham hall , dun . Hornedon on the hill , bar . Hornedon east , bar . Hornechurch , haver . The Hooe , lex . Horseley great , lex . Horseley little , lex . Horseley Island , ten . Horsingbroke , barst . West House , barst . Hull bridge , rotch. Hull , rotch. Hutton , bar . I Ienkins , becon . Ienkins , barst . Iervis hall , barst . Ilford little , becon . Ilford great , becon . Indywall , barst . Ingerstone , chelm . Inworth , lex . Ioselyn , dun . K Kantis , barst . Kelnedon , with . Kelvedon , ong . Kentes , rotch. The Kings place , wa ▪ Kirkby , hinck . Kirkby , ten . Knoll hill , ong . L Lackingdon , dun . Laighton lowe , bec . Laighton stone , bec . Lamborne , ong . Lamersh , hinck . Langdall hill , barst . Langdon , barst . Lanford , thur . Langham , lex . Lanhenhoo , win . Langley , clau . Latton , har . Latton priory , harl . Laver little , ong . Laver high , ong . Laver Magdalene , on . Lawford , ten . Lawling , deng . S. Lawrence , deng . The Lea , harl . Leadon Roding , dun . Lee gardens , hau . Leigh , rotch. Leighes great , chelm . Leighes little , chelm . Leighes prior , chelm . Leigh hall , rotch. Lexden , lex . Littleberrie , uttles. Little berrie , ong . Loughton , ong . Loxford , bec . Lindsell , dun . Lyston , hinc Lyston hall , hinc . M MALDON , deng . Manenden , clau . MANINGTREE . Maplesteed great , hin . Maplesteed little , hin . Maplesteed hall , hin . Margaret roding , ong . Marget Inge , chelm . Markets , hau . Markes Tey , lex . Markeshall , lex . Marney layer , winst . Marsey east , winst . Marsey west , winst . Martins , ten . Mashberie , dun . Matching , har . Mayland , deng . Marnards , dun . Maytors . hau . Medles mede , with . Meredich , bec . Messing , lex . Messing hall , lex . Midlemeade , deng . Middleton , hinck . Milton , rotch. Minster south , deng . Moll hall , uttles. Monhall , fresh . Morchell , harl . Moreton , ong . Mose , ten . Mountnasing , chelm . Mowlsham , chelm . Moynes , hinck . Mucking , barst . Muching hall , rotch. Mundon , deng . Mile end , lex . Myles , ong . Misley , ten . N The Nase , Tendring . Nasing , Walth . Navestocke , ong . Nelmes , haver . Nether hall , harl . Netreswell , harl . Nevendon , barst . Newarke , dun . Newbery , becon . Newhall , dun . Newhall , with . Newhall , harl . Newland hall , chelm . Newport , uttles. Newtran , uttles. Noke hill , haver . North end , haver . Northey I le , deng . Norton , deng . Norton Mandevill , ong . Notley white , with . Notley blacke , with . O Ockenden south , cha . Ockenden north . cha . Okeley great , ten . Okeley little , ten . Old hall , hinck . Old Holt , lex . HIGH ONGAR , ong . Orsett , barst . Orwell haven , ten . The Ose end , ten . Oseth Isle , deng . S. Osythes , ten . Ovington , hinc . Oulting , with . P Paddlesham , rotch. Panfeild , hinck . Paringdon great , har . Paringdon little , har . Pateswicke , lex . Pebmershe , hinck . Peldon , winst . Pentlowe , hinck . Petches , hinck . S. Peters chappel on the wall . d. Petswell , ong . Pickrels , ong . Pinchpole , clau . Pirgo , hau . Pistingford bridge , ong . Pitsey , barst . Plaistowe , bec . Pledgden , clau . Pleshy , dun . Pores hall , with . Porters , rotch. Porters , fresh . Porters , bec . Potters street , har . Potters rowe , thur . Powncehall , uttles. Pretons , chelm . Prittlewell , rotch. Purleighe , deng . Q Quenden , uttles. Quickbury , har . R Radley hall , with . Radwinter , fresh . RAILIGHE , rotch. Kamsdon craye , barst . Ramsdon belhouse , barst . Ramsey , ten . Ramsey , den . Rawreth , rotch. Rawreth hall , rotch. Rayne little , ▪ hinck . Raynham , chaff . Rettendon , chelm . Richell , harl . Ric hall , uttles. Rickling , uttles. Ridgwell , hinck Rinsell , den . Ripple , bec . Rivers hall , lex . Rockells , uttles. Roding morrell , ong . Roding high , dun . Roding white , dun . Rodon flu . ROMFORD , hau . Rooding beachā , ong . Rooding Abbey , ong . Rotchford , rotch. Roughhedge , lex . Roxwell , chelm . Royden hall , hinck . Royden , harl . Royden , ten . Roydon hamlet , wal . Royes hall , hinck . Ruckward , ong . Rumwell , chelm . Ryvenghall , with . Rye , walth . S Sabretts , chelm . Safforn garden , barst . Salcot , winst . Saling ould , hinck . Samons , barst . Sampford great , fre . Sampford little , fre . Sandon , chelm . Shackstones , chelm . Shalford , hinck . Shelley , ong . Shellow bowels , dun . Shenfeild , ba●st . Shenfeild , chel . Shering , harl . Shopland , rotch. Showbery north , rotch. Showbery south . rotch. Skrenes , chel . Smiters hall , chel . Snerston , wal . South Church , rotch. South end , haver . Spaines , hinc . Springfeild , chel . Stambridge little , rotch. Stambridge great , rotch. Stanborne , hinc . Stanborne hall , hinck . Stanford rivers , ong . Stansgate , deng . Stanford le hope , bar . Stansted hall , hinc . Stansted monfictes , uttles. Stanway hall , lex . Stanway , lex . Stappleford tawnie , ong . Stapleford abbots , ong . Stebbing , hinck . Steple , deng . Stifford clay , chaff . Stifford , chaff . Stocke , chel . Stondon , ong . Stowe Maryes , deng . Stowre flu . Stratford langthorne , bec . Strete , deng . Strettall , uttles. Sturmer , hinck . Stysteed , hinck . Sturfleete , ten . Stutton great , rotch. T Takelev , uttles. Tendering , ten . Terling , with . Terrels , fresh . Tey little , lex . Tey great , lex . THAXTED , dun . Thorington , ten . Thorndon west , bar . Thordon , east , bar . Thornewood , ●ar . Thorpe , ten . Thorrocke west , cha . Thorrocke little , bar . Thorrocke great , ●haff . Thoyden , boyce , ong . Thoyden , charmon , ong . Thoyden mount , ong . Thremnolt priorie , uttles. Thunderley , uttles. Thundershe , rotch. Thundersey , barst . Thurston , hinc . Tilburye east , barst . Tilburye west , barst . Tillingham , deng . Tiptree , thurst . Toobye , chel . Topesfeild , hinck . Torells hall , dun . Totham great , thurst . Totham little , thurst . Toulsbury , thrust . Toulshount Knight , thrust . Toulshount Darcye , thurst . Toulshount great , thurst . Tremmall , barst . Toys ▪ with . Tuftes , deng . Twinsteed , hinck . Tye hall , chel . Tylbury , hinck . Tylbury hall , hinc . Tyld hall , deng Tyltie , dun . Tytho●p Roding , dun . V Valens , haver . Verley , winst . Vgle , claver . Vltinge , with Vpminster , chaff . Vp●hire , walt . Vpton , becon . W Walbury , harl . WALDEN , uttles. Wallor , or Walsteet I le , rotch. Waltham little , chel . Waltham great , chel . WALTHAM ABBEY , wal . Walthamstow , bec . Waltham Forrest , bec . Walton , ten . Wansted , bec . Warley little , chaf . Warley great , chaf . Watering hall , rotch. Watering little , rotch. Watering great , rotch. Weald hall , ong . Weald south , chaf . Weald north , ong . Wenden loughes , uttl. Wenden little , uttl. Wenden great , uttl. Wennington , chaf . Wethersfeild , hinck . Whellers , ten . West house , bar . White-hall , bar . Wickes , ten . Wickford , barst . Wickeham , thurst . Wickham S. Paul , winst . Wickham bonant , winst . Widdington , uttles. Widford , chel . Wigborow little , winst . Wigborow great , winst . Wilbores , clau . Willingale Spaine , dun . Wilton tower , ten . Wimbish , uttles. Witham , with . Wiverhoo , lex . Woodford bridge , bec . Woodford , bec . Wood-hall , uttles. Wood-hall , clau . Woodham ferries , chelm . Woodham mortimer deng . Woodham water , deng . Woodriding , walth . Wormingford , lex . Wrabnes , ten . Writtle , chelm . VVrittle parke , chel . VVyley , ten . VVyvonhoo , lex . Y Yealdam hall , hinck . Yealdam little , hinc . Yealdam great , hinc . SVFFOLKE , by the Saxons called Suð-folc , in regard of them which were seated in Norfolke , is a Country most plenteous and pleasant for habitation . It is separated from Norfolke , by the Rivers of the lesser Ouse , and Waveney , whose heads meet almost in the midst of her Verge , and that very neer together : the one taking course East , and the other full West , upon which part Cambridge-shire doth wholly confront . The South side is severed by Stoure from Essex , and the East together washed with the Germane Seas . ( 2 ) The Aire is good , sweet , and delectable , and in some parts , of some of our best Physicians , held to be the best in the Land : the Soile is rich , fruitfull , and with all things well replenis●ed ; in a word , nothing wanting for pleasure or profit . ( 3 ) The forme thereof is somewhat Cressant , shooting up narrower into the North , and spreading wider towards the South , whose broadest part is about twenty miles : but from East to West much more ; for from Easton point ( the furthest of this Shire , yea of all Britaine into the Sea ) unto great Ouse River , her Westerne bounder , are fourtie five miles , and the whole in circumference , about one hundred fourtie-sixe . ( 4 ) Anciently this part of the Iland was possessed by the Iceni , who as it seemeth by Tacitus , joyned in Amitie with the Romanes a mighty people ( saith he ) and never shaken with wars before the reigne of Claudius , but then by Ostorius were vanquished , though not without great slaughter of the Romanes ; and in a Battle against them , M. Ostorius the sonne of the Generall , wonne great honour in saving of a Romane Citizens life ; so ready were they to give and receive Honours to themselves , but sleightly to passe over and to smoother farre greater exploits of the Britaines : which notwithstanding long in these parts they could not do : for the wrongs of the Icenians growing intolerable , who by the Romane Souldiers were put out of their rightfull possessions , their Princes accounted no better then Slaves , and their Queene whipped in most ignominious manner ; under Bodua they wrought their revenge , as in the Historie ( Christ assisting ) shall be further related . Next to these Icenians , were the Saxons that got their footing into these parts , and of them , this with Norfolke , Cambridge-shire , and the I le of Ely , was made their East-Angles Kingdome ; though as it seemeth ever in subjection either to the Mercians , or to the Kings of Kent : whose off-spring ending in S. Edmund the Martyr , after the Danes had laid it most desolate , Edward the Elder subdued it unto his West-Saxons Monarchy : and that likewise ending in King Edward the Confessor , many noble Normans got their possessions in these parts , whose Off-spring are plenteously replenished in this Shire to this day . ( 5 ) The commodities of this Shire are many and great , whereof the chiefest consisteth in Corne , in Cattle , Cloth , Pasturage , Woods , Sea-Fish and Fowle ; and as Abbo Floriecensis hath depainted , this County is of green and passing fresh hue pleasantly replenished with Orchards , Gardens & Groves : thus he described it above sixe hundred years since , and now we find as he hath said ; to which we may adde their gaine from the Paile , whose Cheeses are traded not only throughout England , but into Germany , France , and Spaine , and are highly commended by Pantaleon the Physician , both for colour and taste . ( 6 ) And had Ipswich ( the onely eye of this Shire ) been as fortunate in her Surname , as she is blessed with Commerce and buildings , she might worthily have borne the title of a Citie : neither ranked in the lowest rowe , whose trade , circuit , and seat , doth equall most places of the Land besides . It seemeth this Towne hath beene walled about , both by a Rampire of earth , mounted along her North and West parts , and places of entrance where gates have stood ; which no doubt , by the Danes were cast downe , in the yeare of Christ Iesus , 991. when they sacked with spoyle all these Sea-coasts : and again in the yeare one thousand , laid the streets desolate , and the houses on heaps : yet afterwards recovering both breath and beauty , her buildings from Stoke-Church in the South , to S. Margarets in the North , now containe 1900. paces , and from S. Helens in the East , to S. Matthews Church in the West , are no lesse then 2120. full of streets plenteously inhabited , wherein are twelve Parish-Churches seated , besides them suppressed ; such were Christ-Church , S. Georges , S. Iames , the White , the Blacke and Grey-Friers . The Site of this Towne is removed from the Equator , unto the degree 52.25 minutes : and by Mercators observation , from the first West-points 22. degrees , 9 minutes : and is yearely governed by two Bailiffes , and ten Port-men , all wearing Scarlet , with twenty foure of their Common-Counsell in Purple : a Recorder , a Towne-Clerke , five Sergeants , whereof one is for the Admiraltie , a Beadle , and Common-Crier , all in blew , with the Towns Armes on their Sleeves . The other Eye of this Shire is the Saxons Bedericgueord . By Abbo the Royall Towne , wherein at the day-breake of the Saxons conversion , Sigebert King of the East Angles founded a Christian Church : and upon the occasion of King Edmunds buriall ( who at Hoxon was shot to death ) hath been ever since called S. Edmunds-bury , where was built to his honour one of the fairest Monasteries in the world , hegun by King Canute , much affrighted with the seeming appearance of that Martyrs Ghost , who to expiate the sacrilegious impietie of his Father Suenus , enriched the place with many endowments , and offered up his owne Crowne upon the holy Martyrs Tombe . For the beautie and buildings of this Abbey and Towne , let Leyland for me declare : The Sunne ( saith he ) hath not seen a Citie more finely seated so delicately upon the easie ascent of an hill , with a River running on the East-side ; nor a more stately Abbey either for revenues or incomparable magnificence , in whose prospect appeareth rather a City then a Monastery , so many Gates for enterance , and some of them brasse , so many Towers , and a most glorious Church , upon which attend three others , standing all in the same Church-yard all of them passing fine , and of a curious workmanship . Whose ruines lie in the dust , lamenting their fall , moving the beholders to pitie their case . Neere unto this Town a great Battle was fought by Robert Bossu Earle of Leicester , against his Soveraigne King Henry the second : but was worthily overcome by Richard Lucy , the Kings high Iustice , himself and wife taken , with many Flemings and Engligshmen slaine . ( 7 ) Other places worthy of remembrance this Countie affords ; such is Exning in the West , formerly famous for the birth of S. Audrey , daughter to King Anna , one of the three names of the Shires division . Rendlisham in the East , where Redwald the first Christian in this Kingdome held his Court : and Hadley in her South , where Guthrum the Dane whom Elfred baptized , was buried . And things of stranger note are the limits of the East-Angles Territories , running along Newmarket heath , vulgarly called the Devils ditch : the like fable is formally told by Nubrigensis , that at Wulpet in the heart of this Shire two green boves of Satyres kind arose out of the ground , from the Antipodes ; beleeve it if you will : and Ralfe Coggshall in the Monuments of Colchester , declareth that a Fish in all parts like a man , was taken neere Orford , and for six moneths was kept in the Castle , whence after he escaped againe to the Sea. As strange , but most true , was a crop of Pease that without tillage or sowing grew in the Rocks , betwixt this Orford and Aldebrough , in the year 1555. When by unseasonable weather a great dearth was in the Land : there in August were gathered above one hundred Quarters , and in blossoming remained as may more , where never grasse grew , or earth ever seene , but hard solide Rockes three yards deep under their roots . ( 8 ) Places separated from common use , and devoted to God and his service by religious Princes , were at S. Edmunds , Ipswich , Ikleworth , ●lithborow , Clare , Leston , Burgh Castle , wherein Sigebert King of the East-Angles entered the profession of a Monke : but was thence forced by his people , to fight against the Mercians : in which Battle he was slaine . And Dunwich , where Foelix founded his Episcopall See. These with many others in this County were suppressed in the fall of the Monasteries , and their Revenews assumed by King Henry the Eight . ( 9 ) This Shire is principally divided into three parts , which are called the Celdable , S. Edmunds , and S. Audreys Liberties , subdivided into twenty-two Hundreds , and them againe into 575. Parish-Churches , wherein are seated seaven Castles , and twenty eight Market Townes , whose names are in the Table annexed . map of Suffolk SUFFOLKE described and divided into Hundreds , The situation of the fayre towne IPSWICH shewed , with the ARMES of the most noble families that have bene either Dukes , or Earles both of that Countie as also of Clare HUNDREDS in Suffolke . 1. LAckford ▪ 2. Thingoe . 3. Risbridge . 4. Baberghe . 5. Thedwastrie . 6. Blackborne . 7. Stowe . 8. Cosforde . 9. Bosmere . 10. Sampford . 11. Col●eis . 12. Ca●leford . 13. Thredlinge . 14. Hartesmere . 15. H●xone . 16. Loo●s . 17. Wilforde . 18. Plumesgate . 19. Blithing . 20. Wangford . 21. Mutford . 22. Lothingland . A Acton , Baberg . Akenham , Bosmer . ALDERBURGHE , Plum. Aldham , Cosford . Alderton , Wilford . Aldringham , Blith . Allington , Hoxon Alpheton , Babergh . Ampton , The● . S. Andrewes , VVang . All Saints ▪ VVang . Arwerton , Sam. Ashbye , Lothing . Ashe , Looes . Ashe Bocking , Bosmer . Ashefeild , Thred . Ashefeild Black. Aspall , Hartes . Assington , Baberg . Aye , Hartes . B Backton , Hartes . Badley , Bosmer . Baddingham , Hoxon . Badwell , Black. Baiton alias Beighton , Thed . Bardwell , Black. Bargham , black . Barham , bosmer. Barkinge● , bosmer. Barn●ye , Mut. Barningham , black . Barrowe , Thingoc . Barsham , VVang . Barton , Thed . Barton little , Lack. Batisford , bosmer. Baudsey , VVilford . Bawdsey haven , Coln . Bayleham , bosmer. Bealings great , Carlef. Bealings little , Carlef. BECKLES , VVang . Bedfeild , Hoxon . Bedingfeild Hoxon . Bellstead , Samp. Belton , Lothing . Beneker , Blith . Benhall , Plum. Bentley , samp . Bernerdiston , Risbridge . Bildeston , Cosfor . Bildeston street , Crosfor . Blakenham great , bosmer. Blakenham little , bosmer. Blaxhall , Plum. BLIGHBOROUGHE , Bli. Blithford , blith . Blith ●lu . Blundeston , lothing . BONGEY , VVang . Bouldge , Wilf . BOTYSDALE , Hartes . Boxford , baberg. Boxted , baberg. Boyton , VVilf . Boyscott , VVang . Bradfeild Combusham , Thed . Bradfeild Monks , Thed . Bradfeild S. George , Thed . Bradfeild S. Cleere , Thed . Bradley great , Risb. Bradley little , Risb. Bradwell , Loth. Bramford , bosmer. Bramp●eild , blith . Brampton , blith . Brandeston , Looes . BRANDON FERRIE , Lack. Brantham , Samp. Brasiard , Plum. Bredfeild , Wilf . Brent Ely , Baberg . Bresworth , Hartes . Bretton flu . Brettenham ▪ Cosford . Brightwell , Carlef. Brockelie , Thingoe . Brockford , Hartes . Brome , Hartes . Bromswall , VVilf . Brundishe , Hoxon . Brysett , Bosmer . Buckelsham , Coln . Bures , Baberg . Burgate , Hartes . Burghe , Carlef. Burgh Castle , Lothing . Burstall , Samp. Burstall , Bosmer . BURIE , Thingo . Burlie Looes , Looes . Buxall , Stowe . C Catwade bridge , Samp. Capell , Wilf . Capell , Samp. Carleton coluile , Mut. Carlton , Hoxon . Carsey , Cosford . Cavendishe , Baberg . Cavenham , Lack. Clare ●lu . CLARE , Risb. Claydon , Bosmer . Clopton , Carlef. Chatisham , Samp. Charfeild , Looes . Chedburghe , Risb. Cheldmonston , alias Chempton Samp. Chelsworth , Cosford . Cheston , Blith . Chevingcon , Thi●go . Chillesford , Plum. Chilton , Risb. Chiule , Risb. Cleydon ▪ B●s● . Clopton Carlef. Cobdocke , Samp. Cocfeild , Baber . Coddenham , Bos. Combes , Stow. Coniweston , Black. Cookelye , Blith . Cornerd great , Baberg . Cornerd little , Baberg . Cotton , Lothing . Cotton , Hartes . Cove hith , blith . Cove North , Wang . Cove South , blith . Cowling , Risb. Cranesford , Plum. Cratfeld , blith . Creating West , Stow. Creating S. Mary , bosmer. Creating S. Olive , bosmer. Creating all Saints , bosmer. Cretingham , Looes . Crofeild , bosmer. S. Crosse , VVang . Culfurth , black . Culphoe , Carlef. D Dagworth , Stow. Dalham , Risb. Dalinghoo Looes , Looes . Dalinghoo , VVilf . Darsham , blith . Debedge , VVilf . DEBENHAM , Thred . Demerdiston , Risb. Denham , Risb. Denham , Hoxon . Dennington , Hoxon . Depden , Risb. Dermisden , bosmer. DONWICHE , blith . Downham , Lack. Dunnyngworth , Plum. Dunstall , Risb. Drinekston , Thed . E Earlestonham , bosmer. Earlesham , Looes . Earwell , Lack. Easton Gosbeck , bosmer. Easton , Looes . Easton baven , blith . Edwarston , baberg. Eiken , Plum. Ellowe , VVang . Elmeswell , black . Elmeseth , Cosford . Elveden , Lack. Ewston , black . Erwarton , Samp. Estberdgholt , Samp. Exninge , Lack. E●te , Hartes . Eyke , Looes . F Fakenham great , black . Fakenham little , black . Falkenham , Coln . Farneham , Plum. Felsham , Thed . Felixstowe , Coln . Flempton , Thing . Flixton , VVang . Flixton , Lothing . Flonton , bosmer. Fordley , blith . Forn●ham genes●se , Thed . Fornham S. Martins , Thed . Fornham all Saints , Thing . Foxall , Carlef. Framesden , Thred . FRAMLINGHAM , Looes . Frekenham , Lack. Fresingfeild , Hoxon . Freston , Samp. Friston , Plum. Fritton Flu. Fritton , Lothing . Frostenden , blith . Fynbarrowe great , Stowe . Fynbarrowe little , Stowe . Fyningham , Hartes . G Gaseley , Risb. Gedding , Thed . Gisleam , Mut. Gislingham , Hartes . Gipping , Stowe . Glemham great , Plum. Glemham little , Plum. Glem●forde , baberg. Gorlston , Lothing . Grondesburghe , Carlef. Growton , Baberg . Gunton , Lothing . H Hacheston , Looes . HADLEIGH , Cosford . Hankdon , Risb. HALLESWORTH , Blith . Hardwicke , Thingo . Hargrave , Thingo . Harkestead , Samp. Harleston , Stowe . Harteshe , Baberg . Hasketon , Carlef. Haslewoode , Plum. HAVERILL , Risb. Haughley , Stowe . Hawsted , Thingo . Hedgesset , alias Hesset . Thed . Heigham greene , Lack. Helmingham , Bosmer . Hemingston , Bosmer . Hemley , Coln . Hengrave , Thingo . Henham , Blith . Henley , Bosmer . Hensted , Blith . H●pworthe , Black. Heringfleet , Loth. Heringswell , Lack. Heveyngham , Bli. Higham , Samp. Hinderclaie , Black. Hintlesham , Samp. Hitcham , Cosford . Holebrooke , Samp. Holesley , Wilf . Holton , Blith . Holton , Samp. Homersfeild , Wan . Hoo , Looes . Hopton , Black. Hopton , Lothing . Hotham , Hoxon . Horningsherth great , Thingo . Hoxone , Hox . Hulverster , Wang . Hundon , Risb. Hunnington Black. Hunston , black . Huntingfeild , Blith . I S. James , Wang . Icklingham , Lack. Ickworthe , Thingo . Ingate , Wang . Ingam , Black. S. Johns , Wang . IPSWICH , Bosmer . Ixworthe , Black. Ixworthorpe , Black. K Kedington , Risb. Kellyshall , Hoxon . Kenford , Lack. Kentford , Risb. Kenton , Looes . Kessingland , Mut. Kesgrave , Carlef. Ketleberston , Cos. Kettleburghe , Lo. Knadishall , Blith . Kn●tleshall , Black. Kushmere , Mut. Kyrkley , Mut. Kyrton , Coln . L Lackford , Thing . La●gham , Cos. Lakingheath , Lack. Langerston , Coln . Langham , Black. Lanshull , Bab. LAVENHAM , Bab. S. Laurence , Wang . Laxfeild , Hox . Layston , Blith . LAYSTOST , Lothing . Levington , Coln . Letheringham , Loo● . Lidgate , Risb. Linsey , Co●ford . Linsted great , Blith . Linsted little , Blith . Livemere great , Thed . Livemere little Black. Longham , Thed . Lophamford , Black. Lownde , Lothing . Luthinge Mere , Mut. M S. Margarets , Wang . S. Margaret● , Wang . Marle●ford Looes . Martlesham , Car. Melles , Hartes . Mellford , Bab. Mells , Blith . Melton , Wilf . Mendham , Hox . MENDLESHAM , Hartes . Metfeild , Hox . Mettingham Wang . S. Michaels ▪ Wang . Midleton , Blith . Mikefeild , Bosmer . Milding , Bab. MILDENHALL , ●ac . Mismer● haven , Blith . Moncks Fly , Baberg . Monkesoham , Hox . Moulton , Ri●b . Mourden , Looes . Mutford , Mut. Mutford bridge , Mut. N Nacton , Coln . Naughton , Cosford . NEEDHAM , Bos●er . Nedginge , Cosford . Neiland , Baberg . Nettlestead , Bosmer . Newborne , Carlef. NEWMARKET , ●ck . Newton , Baberg . Newtown● , stowe . Newton , stowe . S. Nicholas , Wang . Norton , Black. Nothalls , Blith . Nowghton , Thin . O Ockold , Hartes . Okeley , Hartes . S. Olaves , Lothi● . One house , Stow Onse Flu. Or Flu. ORFORD , Plum. Orford haven , Wilf . Orwell Flu. Oston , Bosmer . Otley , Carlef. Oulton , Lothing . Owsden , Risb. P Pakefield , Mut. Pakenham , Thed . Palgrave , Hartes . Parham , Plum. Pesinghall , Blith . S. Peters , Wang . Petestre , Wilf . Petranghe , Thred . Playford , Carlef. Phlemton , Thing . Polsted , Baberg . Poslingford , Risb. Preston , baberg. R Ramsholte , Wilf . Ratlesden , Thed . Redgrave , Hartes . Redsham , Wrang . Redlingfeild , Hartes . Reede , Thingo . Rendhams , Plum. Rendlesham , Looes . Rickinghall great , black . Rickinghall little , black . Ringfeild , Wang . Risbie , Thingo . Rissangles , Hartes . Romburghe blith . Rougham , Thed . Roydon , Blith . Roydon , samp . Rushbroke , Thed . Rushmere , Carlef. Rushmere , Mut. Ryngshall , bosmer. S Sapiston , black . Saxham great , Thing . Saxham little , Thing . SAXMONDHAM , Plum. Saxstede , Hox . Saylehome , Hox . Seamer , Co●ford . Sekford , Carl. Shaddingfeild , Wang . Shanfeild , Wang . Shelley , samp . Shellond , stow . Shepemedowe , Wang . Shimpling , baberg. Shotley , samp . Shottesham , Wilf . Sibton , blith . Smalebridge , baberg. Sisewell , blith . Skithe , Hartes . Snape bridge , Plum. Somerleto , Lothing . Somerton , baberg. Somersham , bosmer. Sotherton , blith . Sotterley , Wang . Southelman , Wang . SOUTHOLD , blith . Southolt , Hox . Southtowne , Lothing . Spexhall , blith . Sprowton , samp . Staningfeild , Thed . Stansfeild , Risb. Stansted , baber . Stanton , black . Stenfeild , Plum. Stoke Ashe , Hartes . Stoke , Risb. Stoke , samp . Stoke , baberg. Stonham aspoll , bosmer. Stoneham little , bosmer. Stoven , blith . STOWE , stowe . Stow langto●● , black . Stowe uplane , stow . Stowe west , black . Stradbrooke , Hox . Stradishall , Risb. Stratford , Plum. Stretford , samp . Sturston , Hartes . Stutton , samp . Sudborne , Plum. SUDBURIE , baberg. Sutton , Wilf . Swessling , Plum. Swillond , bosmer. T Tadingston , samp . Tattington , H●x . Thebarton , blith . Thelnetham , black . Thorndon , Hartes . Thornham great , Hartes . Thornham little , Hartes . Thorpe , baberg. Thorpe , blith . Thorpe , Thred . Thorpe Moridux Co●ford . Thrandeston , Hartes . Thurlowe great , R●●b . Thurlowe little , Risb. Thurrington , blith . Thurston , Thed . Thwayte , H●rtes . Tostocke , Thed . Trimlye S. Martyne , Coln . Trimlye S. Ma●y , Coln . Troston , black . Tuddenham , Lack. Tuddenham Carlef. Tunstall , Plum. Tymworthe , Thed . U Ubbeston , blith . Uslorde , Wilf . Uggshall , blith . W Waiberswicke , blith . Waldingfeild great , baberg. Waldingfeild little , baberg. Waldringfeld , Carl. Walpoole , blith . Washebrooke , samp . Walsham in the Willowes , black . Walton , Coln . Wangford , blith . Wangford , Lack. Wantesden , Plum. Warlesfeild , black . Wattisham C●●f . Wenham great , samp . Wenham little samp . Wenhaston , blith . Westerfeild , bo●m . Westhall , blith . Westleton , blith . Westhorpe , Hartes . Westlye , Thingo . Weston , black . Weston , Wang . Wetherden , stow . Wetheringsett , Hartes . Weybread , Hoxon . Whatfeild , Co●ford . Wheltham great , Thed . Whelvetham little , Thed . Whepstead , Thingo . Wherstead , samp . Whitton , b●smer . Whisoe , Risb. Wickham , Wilf . Wickham brooke , Risb. Wickham Skeyth , Hartes . Wilbye , Hoxon . Willingham , Wang . Willisham , bosmer. Wingfeild , Hoxon . Winston , Thed . Wiston , baberg. Wisset , blith . Withesdale , Hoxon . Witherfeild , Risb. Wiverston , black . Wittensham , Carl. Wolverston , samp . WOOLDBRIDGE , Looes . WOOLPITT , Thed . VVordwell , black . VVarlingham , Wang . VVorlingworth , Hoxon . VVorlington , Lack. VVortham , Hartes . VVratting great , Risb. VVratting little , Risb. VVratting tallow , Risb. VVrentham , blith . VVynerstone , Hartes . Y Yaxley , Hartes . Yoxford , blith . NORTHFOLKE is an Iland inclining to an Ovall forme , closed on the South part with the Rivers of Waveney and the less●r Ouse , which divides it from Suffolk . On the East and North with the German-Ocean ; on the West toward Cambridge-shire , with some branches of the greater Ouse ; toward Lincolne-shire with that part of the Nene which passeth from Wisbitch into the Washes . It containeth in length ( from Yarmouth to Wisbitch ) about fifty miles . In bredth ( from Thetford to Wels ) about thirty . The whole Circuit is about two hundred forty two miles . The name ariseth from the situation of the people , who being the Norther-most of the Kingdome of East-Angles , are therefore called the North-folke , as the Souther ▪ most South-folke . The Ayre is sharpe and piercing , especially in the Champion , and neere the Sea : therefore it delayeth the Spring and Harvest , the situation of the Country inclining thereto , as being under the 53. degree of Latitude . The Soile diverse : about the Towns commonly good ; as Clay , Chalk , or fat earth , well watered , and with some wood : upward to the Heaths naked , drie , and barren : Marsland and Flegg exceeding rich ; but Marsland properly for Pasture , Flegg for Corne. ( 2 ) The parts from Thetford to Burneham , and thence Westward , as also along the Coast , be counted Champion : the rest ( as better furnished with woods ) Wood-land . The Champion aboundeth with Corne , Sheepe , and Conies , and herein the barren Heaths ( as the providence of our Ancestors hath of old disposed them ) are very profitable . For on them principally lie our Fould courses , called of the Saxons ( whose institution they therefore seem to be ) faldsocun , that is , Liberty of fold or fouldage . These Heaths by the Compasture of the Sheepe ( which we call Tathe ) are made so rich with Corne , that when they fall to be sowne , they commonly match the fruitfullest grounds in other Countries : and laid againe , doe long after yeeld a sweeter and more plentifull feed for sheep : so that each of them maintaine other , and are the chiefest wealth of our Country . The Wood-land ( fitter for grasse ) is maintained chiefly by feeding of Cattell , yet well stored with Corne and Sheepe . The Coast is fortunate in fish , and hath many good Harbours , whereof Lenn and Yarmouth be the mother Ports , and of great traffique : Wels and Blakeney next in estimation . The whole County aboundeth with Rivers and pleasant Springs , of which the Ouse is chiefest , by whose plentifull Branches the Isle of Ely , the Towns and Shires of Cambridge , Huntington , and the County of Suffolke vent and receive commodities . The next is Hierus or Yere , passing from Norwich to Yarmouth , where it rec●iveth the Bure comming from Aylsham , both of them of great service of water carriages , but very notable for their plenty of fish : for some one man out of an hold upon the Bure , hath drawne up ordinarily once a yeare , between two Nets , about five or six score bushels of fish at one draught . The Waveney and the lesser Ouse are also Navigable and of great use . The residue I omit . ( 3 ) The People were anciently called ICENI , as they also of Suffolke , Cambridge-shire , and Huntington-shire , and supposed to be of them whom Caesar nameth Cenimagni ; Ptolemic , Simeni ; some Tigeni . Their manners were likely to be as the rest of the Britaines , barbarous at those times , as appeareth by Caesar and Tacitus . Neither can I otherwise commend their Successours the Saxons : for so also their owne Country-man Ethelwerd termeth them . Since the entry of the Normans , they have been counted civill and ingenious , apt to good Letters , adorning Religion with more Church●s and Monasteries then any Shire of England , and the Lawes and Seats of Justice ( for many ages ) with some excellent men ; from whom most of our chiefe Families , and some of the greatest Nobility of the Kingdome , have taken advancement . And herein is Norfolke fortunate , that as Crete boasted of an hundred Cities , so may shee of an hundred Families of Gentlemen , never yet ( that searching I can find ) attainted of high Treason . How the government of this Country was about Caesars time , is uncertaine , but ( agreeable , no doubt , to the rest of the Britaines ) under some peculiar Toparch or Regulus , as Tacitus termeth him . The latter Romans held it by two Garrisons , one at Gariannum neere Yarmouth ; the other at Branodunum , now called Brancastre , both of horse , and commanded by the Comes Maritimi Tractus , as Marcellinus calleth him , termed after Comes Littoris Saxonici . Upon the entry of the Saxons , this County with Suffolke fell in the portion of the Angles , and about the yeare 561. were together erected into a Kingdome by Vffa , of whom the succeeding Kings were tituled Vffines . But having suffred many Tempests of Fortune , it was in yeare 870. utterly wasted and extinct by Hungar and Hubba the Danes , who overthrew the vertuous King Edmund about Thetford , and after martyred him at S. Edmundsbury . Yet they did not long enjoy it : for King Edward shortly recovered it from them , and annexed it to his other Kingdomes . The Danes notwithstanding inhabited abundantly in these parts , so that many of our Townes were founded by them , and a great part of our people and Gentry are risen out of their blood . ( 4 ) This Kingdome of East Angles was after allotted to an Earledome of that name by William the Conquerour , who made Radulph a Britaine , marrying his kinswoman . Eal●e thereof ; but gave the greatest parts of this County about Wimondham , Keninghall , Lenn , Burneham , Fulmerston , &c. to W. de Albany , Pincernae , and W. de Warranna Forrestario . who to strengthen themselves ( according to the use of that time ) with the homage and service of many Tenants , divided large portions of the same amongst their friends and followers ; so that most of the Manours and Lands in the parts aforesaid , were in those dayes either mediatly , or immediatly holden of one of them . And as Norfolke and Suffolke were first united in a Kingdome , then in an Earledome , so they continued united in the Sheriffewicke till about the fifteenth yeare of Queene Elizabeth . ( 5 ) The Townes here are commonly well built , and populous ; three of them being of that worth and quality , as no one Shire of England hath the like , Norwich , Lenn , and Yarmouth : to which for ancient reputation ( as having been a seat of the Kings of East-Angles ) I may adde Thetford , knowne to Antoninus , and elder ages , by the name of Sitomagus , when the other three were yet in their infancie , and of no esteeme : for I accept not the Relations of the Antiquitie and state of Norwich in the time of the Britaines and Saxons , though Alexander Nevil hath well graced them . Her very name abridgeth her Antiquitie , as having no other in H●stories but Norwich , which is meere Saxon or Danish , and signifieth the North-Towne , Castle , or winding of a River . It seemeth to have risen out of the decay of her neighbour Venta , now called Castor , and as Master Cambden noteth , not to have beene of marke before the entry of the Danes , who in the yeare 1004. under Sweno their Captaine , first sackt , and then burn it , even in her infancie . Yet in the dayes of Edward the Confessor it recovered to 1220. Burgesses . But maintaining the cause of Earle Radulph aforesaid against the Conquerour , they were by famine and sword wasted to 560. at which time the Earle escaping by Ship , his Wise upn composition yeelded the Castle , and followed . In William Rufus time it was growne famous for Merchandize and concourse of people ; so that Herbert then translating the Bishopricke from Thetford thither , made each of them an ornament to other . In variety of times it felt much variety of fortune : By fire in An●o 1508. By extreame plagues , whereof one in An. 1348. was so outrage us , as 57104. are reported to have dyed thereof between the Calends of January and of July . By misery of warre , as sack●d and spoyled by the Earle of Flaunders and Hugh Bigod , Anno 1174. In yeelding to Lewis the French , against their naturall Lord King Iohn , Anno 1216 By the disinherited Barons , Anno 1266. By tumult and insurrection between the Citizens and Church-men : once about the yeare 1265. which if Henry the third had not come in prison to appease , the City was in hazard to be ruined ▪ The second time in Anno 1446. for which the Major was deposed , and their Liberties for a while seised . In Edward the sixths time , by Ketts rebellion , whose fury chiefly raged against this City . Since this it hath flourished with the blessings of Peace , Plentie , Wealth , and Honour : so that Alexander Nevil doubteth not to preferre it above all the Cities of England , except London . It is situate upon the River Hierus , in a pleasant valley , but on rising ground , having on the Last the Hilles and Heath called Mussold for Moss-would , as I take it . In the seventeeth yeare of King Stephen it was new founded , and made a Corporation . In Edward the firsts time closed with a faire Wall , saving on a part that the River defendeth . First governed by foure Bayliffes ; then by Henry the fourth in Anno 1403. erected into a Majoralty and County ; the limits whereof now extend to Eaton-bridge . At this present it hath about thirty Parishes , but in ancient time had many more . ( 6 ) Lenn having been an ancient Borrough under the government of a Bayliffe or Reve , called Praetositus , was by King Iohn in the sixt yeare of his Reigne made Liber Burgus , and ( besides the gift of his memorable ●up , which to this day honoureth this Corporation ) endowed with divers faire Liberties . King Henry the third in the seventeenth yeare of his Reigne ( in recompence of their service against the out-lawed Barons in the Isle of Ely ) enlarged their Charter , and granted them further , to choose a Major Loco Praepositi : unto whom King Henry the eight , in the sixteenth yeare of his Reigne , added twelve Aldermen , a Recorder , and other Officers , and the bearing of a Sword before the Major . But the Towne comming after to the same King , he in the nine and twentieth yeare of his Reigne , changed the name , from Lenn Episcopi , to Lenn Regis . ( 7 ) Yarmouth is the Key of the Coast , named and seated by the mouth of the River Yere . Begun in the time of the Danes , and by small accessions growing populous , made a Corporation under two Bayliffes by King Henry the third , and by his Charter , about the fifteenth yeare of his Reigne , walled . It is an ancient member of the Cinque Ports , very well built and fortified , having only one Church ( but faire and large ) founded by Bishop Herbert , in William Rufus dayes . It maintaineth a Peere against the Sea , at the yearely charge of five hundred pound , or thereabout : yet hath it no possessions , as other Corporations , but like the children of Aeolus and Thetis , Maria & 4. ventos , as an Inquisitour findeth , Anno 10. Henry third . There is yearely in September the worthiest Herring-fishing in Europe , which draweth great concourse of people , and maketh the Towne much the richer all the yeare , but very unsavoury for the time . The Inhabitants are so courteous , as they have long held a custome to feast all persons of worth , repairing to their Towne . ( 8 ) The Bishoprik of Norwich had first her seat at Dunwich in Suffolke , and was there begun by Foelix , who converted this County , and the East-Angles to the Faith. Being brought out of Burgundy by Sigebert ( the first Christian King of the East-Angles ) he landed at Ba●ingley by Lenn , and there builded the first Church of these Countries which in his memory , is at this day called by his Name . The second he built at Sharnbourn then of wood , and therefore called Stock-Chappell . After Foelix and three of his Successours , this Bishoprick was divided into two Sets : the one with eleven Bishops in sucession , continuing at Dunwich ; the other with twelve at Elmham in Northfolke . Then united againe in the time of King Edwyn , the entire See for twelve other Bishops remained at Elmham , and in the Conquerours time was by his Chaplaine Arfustus ( being the thirteenth ) translated to Thetford , from thence by Herbert ( his next successour save one ) bought of William Rufus for nineteene hundred pounds , and brought to Norwich . This Herbert ( surnamed Losinga a Norman ) builded the Cathedrall Church there , and endowed it with large possessions . Not far from thence hee also builded another Church to S. Leonard , a third at Elmham , a fourth at Lenn , ( S. Margarets , a very faire one ) and the fifth at Yarmouth before mentioned . By the Cathedrall Church he builded a Palace for the Bishops , and founded the Priory there ( now converted to Deane and Chapter ) and another Priory at Thetford . Since his time the Bishops See hath immoveably remained at Norwich , but the ancient Possessions are severed from it ▪ and in lieu thereof the Abbey and Lands of S. Benedict of Holme annexed to it . The Commodities of this County I have contained in these foure Verses : Ingenio & populi cultu Norfolcia clara est : Hinc fluviis , illinc Insula clausa mari ; Quaratis , & vellus , frumenta , cuniculus , agnus , Lac scatet , & pisces , pabula , mella , crocus . This Description of Northfolke , I received from the Right Worshipfull , Sir HENRY SPELMAN , Knight . map of Norfolk NORFOLK WITH THE A COVNTIE ARMES OF SVCH FLORISHING NOBLE FAMILES & POPVLOVS AS HAVE BORNE DESCRIBED THE TITLES AND DEVIDED THEROF . WITH THE ARMES OF SVCH NOBLE FAMILES AS HAVE BORNE THE TITLES THEROF . HVNDRED● in Northfolke . 1. SMethdon . 2. Brothercrosse . 3. North-Grenchoe . 4. H●lse . 5. North Erpingham . 6. Tunstad . 7. Happing . 8. West-Flegg . 9. Blowse●ld . 10. Tavarham . 11. south-Erpingham . 12. Eynsford . 13. Gallowe . 14. Fr●cbridge . 15. Laundiche . 16. Mitsorde . 17. Forchoce . 18. Humbleyarde . 19. Heustead . 20. Lod. 21. Clave●●ng . 22. Earsham . 23. Depwarde . 24. Dysse . 25. Gyltcrosse . 26. Shorpham . 27. Waylond . 28. South-Grenchoe . 29. Walsham . 30. Cla●kelosse . 31. Grymshooc . A Accle , Blow . Aileswythorpe , Fr●cb . Alby , Southerpe . Albu●rough ▪ Norther . Alburghe , Earsh . Aldeby , clav . Alderford , Eyns . Alpington , clav . Althorpe , Gal. Anmer , Fr●cb . Antingham , Norther . Appleton , Fr●cb . Armingale , Henst. Ashby , Fl●g . Ashby , clav . Ashill , Wayl . Ashmonhangle , Tuns . Ashwelthorp , Depw. Aslacton , Depw. Attlebridge , Tav●r . Attleburgh , s●rop . AYL●SHAM , S. Er. Aylmerton , Norther . B Baconsthorp , southe . Bagthorpe ▪ Gal. Banham , Gyl . Baningham , souther . Barford , Forc . Barmer , Gal. Barney , Norther . Barneham , Forc . Barningham Northwood , N E Barningham , Northe . Barningham , southe . Barrow , Mit. Barrowe , Clav. Bartonblendish , clav ▪ Barwicke in the brakes , Smo. Barwicke . For● . Basham North , Gal. Basham West , Gal. Basham East . Gal. Bassingham , Norther . Bastwicke , Fleg . Bathely , Holt. Bawburgh , Forc . Bawdeswell , Eyns . Bawsey , Fr●cb . Bayseild , Holt. Becham west , Southe . Becham east , N. Er. Beddenham , Clav. Beeston , Laun● . Beeston S. Laurence , Tun B●igton , Blow . S. Benet , Tunst . Bensted , Hap. Berningham , Southe . North Berningham , N. E. Berningham Winter , N. E. Berrowe , Mit. Besthorpe , Shrop. Beston , Northerp . Beston , Tavar . Betely , La●md . Bexwell , clack . Bicham-well , clack . Bidlesworth , Gylt . Bilaughe , Eyns . Billingford , Earsh . Billingford , Eynes . Bilney east , Laun. Binere , Eynes Bittering little , Laun. Bixley , Henst. Bixton , Forc . Blackney , holt . Blickling , Southerp . Blingham north , Blo . Blingham south , Blo . Blow no●ton , Gylt . Blowfeild , Blow . Bodham , holt . Bodney , Southgr . Booton , Southgr . Borowgh , Southerp . Bowthrope , Forc . Bowton , Clac . Bracenash● , humb . Bradfeild , Tunst . Braddenham east , Southgr . Braddenham west , Southg . Brancaster , Smeth . Brandon littl● , Forc . Branston , Eynes . Bramerton , henst . Brampton , Southerp . Breckles , Wayl . Brieston , Blow . Bresingham , Dyss . Brettenham , Shrop. Bridgham , Shrop. Briston , holt . Bristlye , Laun. Brockdishe , Earsh . Broke , clav . Brome , Forc . Brome , clav . Bronesthorpe , Gal. Brynton , hol● . Brundall , Blow . Buckenham little , Gr. Buckenham old , Shr. NEW BUCKENHAM , Bucknam , Blow . Buckton , Tunst . Bunwell , Depw. Burcham great , Smc. Burcham Newton , Smeth . Burnham depdale , Br. Burnham thorpe , Bro. Burnham Sutton , Br ▪ Burnham Norton , Br ▪ Burnham westgate , B● BURNHAM OVE●OY , Bro. Burningham , Holt. Burrough , clav . Burrowe , holt . Burston , Dyss . Burtos , West-Fleg . Burton , Tunst . Buxton , Southerp . Bylawgh , Southerp . Bylney west , Fr●cb . Bylockby , West Fleg . Bynham , Northgr . C Caister , East-Fleg . Calthorpe , Southerp . Cantley , Blow . Carbrocke , Wayl . Carleton , H●●mb . Carleton , clav . Carleton , For● . Carleton wood , Dep. Caster , East Fleg . Castleacre , Fr●cb . Castor , Hensted . Catfeild , H●p . Catton , Tavar . CAWSTON , Sout . Chappelgate , F●r●ho . Chetgrave , claver . Claxton , claver . CLAYE , Holt. Claye , Southgr . Clench wharton , Fr. Cippisby , West-Fcl . Coethorpe , Northgr . Colbye , Southerp . Colk●rke , Laund . Collney ▪ Humb. Coltish●ll , southerp . Corpustie , souther . Cost●slye , Forcho . Coston , Forcho . Cortnell , clack . Cougham , Fr●cbr . Congrine ●lu . Coulston , Grymsh. Coulton , Forcho . Crandworth , Mit. Cranwiche , Gryms . Creike North , Bro. Creike South , Bro. Cressingham little , south . Cressingham Great , south . Crimplesham , clack . Cringleford , Humb. CROMER , Norther . Croskeyes , Fr●cb . Croston , Gallow. Crostwicke , Taver . Crostwicke , Tunst . Crownethorpe , Forc . Croxton , Gryms . D Denham west , clack Wood Dalling , Eyns . Denber , clack . Denton , Earsh . Depeham , Forc . Dereham west , clack . DEREHAM EAST , mit . Dersingham , Fr●cbr . Dilham , Tunst . Didlington , Tunst . Didlington , southgr . Didlington , Laund . Ditchingham , claver . Docking , smeth . Downeham , Forcho . DOWNEHAM , cla . Drayton , Taver . Dunham little , Laun. Dunham great , Laun. Dunston , humble , Dunton , Gallow. Dykebu●gh , Dyss . DYSSE , Dysse . E Easton , Forcho . Easton , Wayl . Eccles , shrop . Eccles , Hap. Edingthorpe , Tunst . Edgefeild , Holt. S● Edmond , smeth . Egmer , Northgr . Ellingham little , Way Ellingham great , sbr . Ellingham , claver . Elinham north ▪ Laun ▪ Elmerton , Norther . Elsing , Eynes . Emneth , Fr●cb . Engham , Hap. Erisham , Earsh . Erleham , Humb. Erpingham , souther . Estington , Depw. Estington , Fr●cb . Eton , Norw . F FAKENHAM , Gall. Farfeild , Dysse . Feildalling , Northgr . Felbridge , Northerp . Felmingham , Tu●st . Feltwell , Grymsh. Felthorpe , Taver . Filbye , East-Fleg . Fincham , clack . Fishley , Blow . Flitcham , Fr●cb . Flordon , Humb. Fomset peter , Depw. Fordham , clac. Forehooe , Forch . Foullsham , Eynes . Fowlden , southgr . Foxley , Eynes . Framingham Earle , Henst. Framingham Pigot , Henst. Fransham little , Lau. Fransham great , Lau. Freethorpe , Blow . Frense , Dysse . Frettenham , Taver . Fringe , smeth . Frytton , Depw. Fulmerston , Gallow. Fundenhall , Depw. G Garboiesthorpe , clac. Garboldisham , Gylt . Gravelston , wit. Gasthorpe , Gylt . Gatelye , Laund . Gatesend , Gallow. Gayton , Fr●cb . Gaytontho●pe , Fr●cb . Gaywood , Fr●cb . Geist , Eynes . Geistwicke , Eynes . Gelston , clack . Germans , Fr●cb . Gillington all Saints , clav . Gillingham Mary , clav . Glamford , Holt. Godwicke , Laund . Gooderston , southgr . Gresham , Northerp . Gressenhall , Laund . Grymston , Fr●cb . Gunton , Northerp . Gunthorpe , Holt. Gymingham , Northe . Gyssing , Dysse . H Hackforth , Forcho . Hackford , Eynes . Haddescoe , cla● . Hales , claver . Halvergote , Blow . Hanworth , Northerp . Hapsburgh , Hap. Hardingham , mit . Harwick , Depw. Harleing west , Gylt . HARLEING EAST , Gyl . HARLESTON , Ea. Harpham , s●rop . Harpley , Fr●cb . Hassingham , Blow . Hayham , Nor. Hayham , Hap. Haynford , Tavar . Hearhold , humb . Heatherset , humb . Hecham ▪ smeth . Heckingham , clav . Heddenham ▪ clav . Helgaye , clack . Hellesden , Tav . Hellington , clav . Helloughton , Gall. Hemlington , Blow . Hempnoll , Depw. Hempstead , holt . Hempton , Gallow. Hemstead , hap . Hemysbye , East Fle. Henlond , Eynes . Henyngham , souther . Heringby , Fleg . Heydon , souther . HICKTING , hap . Hier Flu. Hilborough , southgr . Hilderston , Eynes . Hillington , Fr●cb . Hindringham , Nort. Hobbies little , south . Hobbies great , south . Hockering , mit . Hockham , shrop . Hockwold , Gryms . Hoo-cum delington , Laun. Hoffton S. John , Tunst . Hoffton S. Peter , Tunst . HOLT , holt . Holkham , Northgr . Holme , clac. Holme , smeth . Holmhall , southgr . Homingham , Forc . Honinge , Tunst . Hopton , Depw. Hormingtost , Laund . Horning , Tunst . Horsey , hap . Horsford , Taver . Horsham S. Fayths , Taver . Horsted , Taver . Hoveston , hensted . Houghton , Gallow. Houlton , Gallow. Houlton , Northgr . Houlton on the hill , south . Howe , claver . Hunstanton , smeth . Hunworth , holt . Hvndford , grymsh . HYNGHAM , Forc . I Ickborowe , grymsh . Jermans , Fr●cb . Illington , shrop . Ingalsthorpe , smeth . Ingworth , southerp . Intwood , humb . Itteringham , souther . K Kelling , holt . Kempston , Laund . Keningall gylt . Keswicke , Tunst . Keswicke , humb Ketheringham humb . Ketleston , gallow . Kemberley , For●ho . Kirby bedon , henst . Kirsted , claver . Knapton , Northerp . Kyrby , claver . Kylverston , Northerp . L Laister , henst . Lakenham , Northwi . Lammas , southerp . Langford , southgr . Lanhall , claver . Langham , holt . Langley , claver . Langmer , Earsh . Lesiat , Fr●cb . Lessingham , hap . Letheringset , holt . Letton , mit . Lexham east , Laund . Lexham west , Laund . Lingwood , Blow . Limpenho● , Blow . Loddon , claver . Longham , Laud. Lopham north , gylt Lopham south , gylt . Ludham , h●pp . Lycham , Laun● . Lynge , Eynes . Lynne west , Fr●cb . LYNNE REGIS , Fr●c . Litlingford , shrop . M Mandlen , Fr●cb . Manington , souther . Mantby , East-Fleg . Marham , clac. Marketsted , Forc . Markingham , Forc . Marsham , southerp . Martham , West-Fleg . Martyn , Wayl . S. Maryes Fr●cb . Massingham little , Fr●cb . Massingham great , Fr●cb Matlaske , Norther . Marshall , mit . Meadham , Earsh . Melton , holt . Melton great , humb . Melton little , humb . Merston , holt . Methwold , grymsh . Metton , Northerp . S. Michal , East fleg . Midleton , fr●cb . Moreley , forcho . Morningthorpe , Dep. Moulton , Depw. Moulton , Blow . Moundeford , gryms . Mulberton , humb . Mundham , claver . Munslie , North●rp . Murton , Eynes . M●leham , Laund . Myntlin , fr●cb . N Narborough , southgr Narford , southgr . Necton , southgr . Nedham , Earsh . Neusheard , Tunst . Newton , Taver . Newton , Fr●cb . Newton west , Fr●cb . Newton , Henst. Newton , southgr . N●wton slotman , hu . Northwold , gryms . Wood Norton , Eynes . Norton super Mount , Eyn . Norton , Claver NORWICHE , Nor. O Oby , West-Fleg . O●●esbye , East-Fle . Ormesbye S. Michael , E. Fl. Osmondston , Dysse . Overstrand , North● . Ovington , Wayl . Oulton , southerp . Ouse Flu. Owtw●ll , Clac . Oxborough , southgr . Oxn●t , southerp . Oxbrand , North. Oxwicke , Laund . P Palling , Happ . Panxford , Blow . Paston Tunste● . Patt●sley , Laund . Pentney , ●recb . Pensthorpe , g●l . Pickenham North , southgr . Pickenham South , southgr . Plumsted Northerp . Plumsted great , Blo . Plumsted little , Blo . The old Podicke , clack . The new Podicke , clack . Porland , henst . Postwick , Blow . Presthouses , clack . Prumsted , hap . Pudding-norton , gal Pulham-mary ▪ Earsh . Pulham-market ▪ Ear. Q Quiddenham , gylt . R Rackey , Tau . Ramgate , forc . Ranworth , Blow . Raveringham , clav . Raynham south , gal Raynham east , gal . Raynham west , gal . Rednell , Earsh . Redham , Blow . Remirston , mit . REPEHAM , Eynes . Reppes south , North. Reppes north , Norther . Reppi● , West-fleg . Riborough little , gal . Riborough great , gal Ringland , Eynes . Ringstead , smeth . Rockland , shrop . Rockland , henst . Rockland , way . Rolt-bye , west-fleg . Rougham , Laund . Roughton , Northe . Rowdham , shrop . Roydon , Dysse . Roydon , fr●●b . Roxam , clack . Rudham west , g●l . Rudham east , gal . Rington , clack . Runham , East-fleg . Runhall , forc . Runton , Northe . Runton north fr●cb . Rushall , Earsh . Rusham , Laund . Rushforth , gylt . Ruston , clack . Ruston east , happ . Rising Castle , fr●cb . S Saham , Waylan● . Salhouse , Tave . Salthouse , holt . Salt●rnlode , fr●cb . Sand●ngham , fr●cb . Saull , Eyns . Saxlingham , holt . Saxlingham ▪ henst . Saxthorpe , souther . Scarning , Laund . Scornston , southe . Scorn●ton ▪ Tunst . Scottby ▪ East-fleg . Sederston , gal . Sedg●ord , smeth . Sething , ●la● . Sistead , Northe . Sharington , holt . Shelfaner , Dysse . Sheltong , Dep. Sherborne , smeth . ●hereford , gal . Sheringham , Northe Shimpling mull ▪ Dyss Shingham , clac. Shipdham , mit . Shottesham , henst . Showldham , Clack . Showldham , shrop . Skeyton , southe . Skottough , southe . Skoulton , way . Skulthorpe , gal . Slingham , he●st . Sloly , Tunst . Smalborough , Tunst S●●terington , shrop . Snoring great , Northgr . Snoring little , gal . Sommerton west , we . fle . Sommerton east , we . fle Sothery , clac. Soowode , Blow . Southacre , southgr . Southbridge , mit . ●perham , E●ns . Spixford ▪ Tav . Sporle , southgr . Sprowst●n , Tav . Stalham , hap . Stanfeild , Laund . Stanfeild , fore . Stanford , grym . Stanhow , smeth . Staninghall ▪ Tav . Starston , Earsh . Stihard , gal . Stifkey , Northg . Stoake , henst . Stockton , clav . Stoke●bye , East-fleg Stooke , clack . Stowe , wa●l . Stowe , clack . Stradsert , clack Stratton null Depw. Stratton Mary Depw Stratton , souther . Strumshaw● , Blow . Sturston , grym Studdy holt . Susted , Norther . Suffeild , Norther . SWETISHAM . smet . Sutton , hap . Sutton , forc . SWAFFHAM , south . Swanton , holt . Swanton morley , Laund . Swanton Abbot● , souther . Swarditonney , h●m . Swayfeild , Tunst . Swenington , Eyns . Swinsthorpe , humb . Sydestroude ▪ Nor●her . Sylfeild ▪ s●rcho . Sysland , claver . T Taco●neston , Depw. Tarsh●m ▪ Earsh . Tasborowe , Depw. Tatterset , gallow . Tatterford , gallow . Taverham , Taver . Terrington , fr●cb . Teslerton , gallow . Tharne , fleg . Tharston , Depway . Thelveton , Dysse . Themilthorpe ▪ Eyns . THETFORD , shor . Thorpe , Earsh . Thorpe little , Dysse . Thorpe , forchoc . Thorpe , cla●er . Thorpe Norwich , Bl. Thorpe market , Nor. Thornag● , holt . Thorneham , smeth . Thorpland gallow . Thr●xton , way . Thrickby , East-fleg . Thurgarton , Northe . Thurlton , claver . Thurning , Eynsford . Thursford , Northg . Thursten , cla●er . Thuxton , mit . Thwate , claver . Thwayte ▪ southe . Tithwell , sm●th . Terrington , fr●cb . Tittlesh●ll , Laund . Titshall Market . Dyss Titshall Mary , Dysse . Tompson , wayl . Topcrost , claver . Toste , wayl . Tostes west , grym . Tostes , gallow . Tostes , smeth . Tostmonachorum ▪ C. Tortington , way . Townegreene , forc . Trowse , henstead . Trunche , Northe . Trymingham , North. Tuddenham North , mit . Tuddenham East , mit . Tunstall , Blow . Tunstad , Tunst . Tuttington , southe . Twyford , Eyns . Tybenh●m Depw. Tylney ▪ fr●cb . Tyvetshall Margaret , Dysse . Tyvetshall Mary , Dysse . V Up on , B●ow . U●well ▪ cla●k . Ursted , Tunst . W Walcott , hap . Wallington , clack . Walpo●le fr●cb . WALSHAM NORTH , Tun. Waltham south , Blo . WALSINGHAM GREAT . Walsingham old , North. Walsoken , frcb . Walton , Depw. Walton west , fr●cb . Walton e●st , fr●cb . Warham , Northg . Waterden , B●oth . Watlington , clack . Wattlefe●ld , forcho . WATTON , way . Waveney Flu. Waxham , hap . Wayborne hope , holt . Wayborne , holt . Wearham clack . Weeting , grym . Welborne , forcho . Welles , Northg . Wellingham , Laund Wendling , Laund . Wesenham ▪ Laund . Wes●acre , forch . Westfeild ▪ mit . Weston , Eyns . Westwicke , Tunst . Whetacre , clav . Whetacre borrowe , clav . Whitw●ll , Fyns . Wh●nbrough ▪ mit . Wickhamton Blow . Wicklewood , forc . Wickmer , souther . Wighton , Northg . Wightlingham , henst . Wign●ll peters , fr●cb . Wikin , fr●cb . Wilton , grymsh . Wim●oresham , clack . Winsder F●u . Winterton , west-fleg . Wintertonnesse , west-fl . Wissingset , Laund . Wiston , holt . Witchingham great , Eyn . Witchingham little , Eyn . Wolverton , fr●cb . Woodrising , mit . Woodbaswick Blow . Woolvert●n , souther . Wormgave , clack . WORSTEAD , Tun. Worthing , Lau●d . Wortwell , Ears● . Wott●n , clav . Wotton south , fr●cb . Wotton north , fr●cb . Wramplingham , so . Wremingham , hum Wrettham west , shr . Wrettham east , shr . Wretton , clack . Wroxham , Tav . Wrungey , fr●cb . Wylby , shrop WYMONDHAM . Wynche west , fr●cb . Wynche east , fr●cb . Wyndall , clav . Wyn●arthing , Dysse . Wytton , Blow . Wytton , Tunst . Wyverton , holt . Y YARMOUTH , E●st . Yardley , clav . Yeaxham , mit . Yelvert●n , henst . CAMBRIDGE-SHIRE , written by the English-Saxons , Grent-brig-scyre , lyeth bounded upon the North with Lincolne-shire and Norfolke ; upon the East with Norfolke and Suffolke ; upon the South with Hartford-shire and Essex ; and upon the West with Bedford and Huntington-shires . ( 2 ) This Province is not large , nor for ayre greatly to be liked , having the Fennes so spread upon her North , that they infect the ayre farre into the rest : from whose furthest point unto Roiston in the South , are thirty five miles ; but in the broadest is not fully twenty : the whole in circumference , traced by the compasse of her many indents , one hundred twenty and eight miles . ( 3 ) The Soile doth differ both in Aire and Commodities ; the Fenny surcharged with waters : the South is Champion , and yeeldeth Corne in abundance , with Meadowing-pastures upon both the sides of the River Came , which divides that part of the Shire in the midst , upon whose East-banke the Muses have built their most sacred Seat , where with plenteous increase they have continued for these many hundred yeers . ( 4 ) For from ancient Grantcester , Camboritum by Antonine , now famous Cambridge , the other breast and Nurse-mother of all pious literature , have flowed full streames of the learned Sciences into all other parts of this Land and else-where : ancient indeed , if their Story be rightly writ , that will have it built by Cantaber a Spaniard , three hundred seventy five yeeres before the birth of our Saviour , who thither first brought and planted the Muses . This Citie Grantcester by the tyranny of time lost both her owne beautie and her professed Athenian Students , so that in Bedaes dayes seven hundred yeers after the Word became flesh , it is described to lye a little desolate Citie , and as yet retaineth the name , without any memorie of circuit by wals . Of this City , in the yeer of Christ Jesus 141. as the Monk of Burton doth report , nine Scholars received their Baptisme , and became Preachers of the Gospel among the Britaines , which ( as he saith ) happened in the reigne of Hadrian the Emperour . But when the Picts , Scots , Huns and Saxons had laid all things wast , and with their savage swords cut out the leaves of all civill learning , this ( as the rest ) yeelded to destruction , and so lay forlorn till the Saxons themselves became likewise civill ; when Sigebert the first Christian King of the East-Angles , from the example of France , whither he had beene banished ▪ built Schooles in his Kingdome , and here at Grantcester the chiefe , recalling thither the professors of Arts and Sciences , as the Story recordeth , and Traditions do hold . But afterwards , as it seemeth , their increase being straitned , the Students complained ( as the Prophets did to Elisha ) that the place was too little for them to dwell in , therefore inlarging more North-ward seated themselves neer unto the Bridge , wherupon the place began to be called Grant-bridge , though others from the crooked River Came will have it named Cambridge . This place ( though sacred and exempted from Mars , as Sylla once spake , when he spared Athens , ) the Danes in their destructions regarded no whit , wherin they often wintered after their spoiles , and left the scars of their savage sores ever behinde them . And in the yeer 1010. when Suen in his fiercenesse bare downe all before him , this place was no place for Schollers to be in : Warres loud Alarums ill consorting the Muses milde Harmonies . Yet when the Normans had got the Garland on their heads , & these Danish stormes turned into Sun-shine dayes , Gislebert the Monk , with Odo , Terricus , and William , all three of the like Monasticall Profession , in the reigne of K. Henry the first , resorted unto this place , and in a publike Barne read the Lectures of Grammar , Logick , and Rhetoricke , and Gistebert Divinitie upon the Sabbath and Festivall dayes . From this little fountaine ( saith Peter Blessensis ) grew a great River , which made all England fruitfull , by the many Masters and Teachers proceeding out of Cambridge , as out of a holy Paradise of God. The first Colledge therein endowed with Possessions was Peter-house , built by Hugh Balsham Bishop of Ely , in the yeer of Grace , 1284. whose godly example many others followed , so that at this day there are sixteen most stately Colledges and Hals , for building , beautie , endowments , & store of Students , so replenished , that unlesse it be in her other Sister Oxford , the like are not found in all Europe . But at what time it was made an Vniversitie , let Robert de Remyngton tell you for me . In the Reigne ( saith he ) of King Edward the First , Grantbridge , of a Schoole , by the court of Rome , was made an Vniversitie , such as Oxford is . Lastly , the Meridian line cutting the Zenith over this Citie , is distant from the furthest West-point , according to Mercator , 20. degrees , 50. scruples , and the Arch of the same Meridian , lying betweene the Aequator and Verticall-point , is 52. degrees , 20. scruples . ) 5 ) Another Citie formerly in great fame is Ely , by the Saxons Eli● , had in account for the repute and holinesse of Votary Nunnes there residing ; built first by Audrey wife to one Tombret a Prince in this Province , who had this place as a part of her Dowrie : she having departed from her second Husband Egbert King of Northumberland , devoted herself to the service of God , and built here a Monastery , whereof she became the first Abbesse . This in the Danish desolation was destroyed , but soone after reedified by Ethelw●ld Bishop of Winchester , who stored it with Monks ; unto whom King Edgar granted the jurisdiction over foure Hundreds and a halfe , within these Fennes and the East-Angles limits , which to this day are called The Liberties of S. Audrey : after whose example many Nobles so enriched it with large Revenews , that as Malmesbury saith , the Abbot thereof laid up yeerely in his owne Coffers a thousand and foure hundred pounds . And of latter times the Monks therof became so wealthy , that their old decaied Church they renued with new & most stately buildings , which is now the Cathedrall of the Diocesse , and for beauty giveth place to no other in the Land. Eight other foundations set apart from secular use in this Province , were at Thorney , Charteres , Denny , Elsey , Beach , Barnwel , Swasey and Shengey , all which in the dayes of King Henry the Eight came to the period of their surpassing wealth , and left their Lands to the dispose of his Will. ( 6 ) The generall commoditie of this Shire is Corn , which in the South , and Champion part doth abundantly grow , as also Saffron , a very rich Spice . Some Woods are there , and Pasture both pleasant and profitable . The North part thereof is Fenny , but withall fruitfull , whereof Henry of H●ntington and William of Malmesbury thus do write : This Fenny Country is passing rich and plenteous , yea , and beautifull also to behold , wherein is so great store of fish , that strangers doe wonder , and water-fowle so cheape , that five men may therewith be satisfied with l●sse then an halfe-penny . ( 7 ) Places of ancient note in this Shire are these , the Erminstreet-way , which upō the lower west parts of this Countie , thorow Roiston , runneth forthright unto Huntingdon . And from Reach a Market-Towne standing neer to the River Came , a great Ditch and Trench is cast all along New-Market-Heath , which for the wonder conceived thereat , is of the vulgar called The Devils ditch , being in truth made for a defence against the Mercians by the East-Angles , whose Kingdome is inverged . The Gogmagog hils neere Cambridge retaine the remembrance of the Danish Station , where as yet on their tops is seen a Rampire , strengthned with a three-fold Trench , whereof Gervase of Tilbury tels us many a prety Tale. ( 8 ) This Shire is divided into seventeen Hundreds , wherein are seated eight Market-Towns , and hath bin strengthened with seven Castles , and God divinely honoured in 163. Parish-Churches . map of Cambridgeshire CAMBRIDGSHIRE described with the deuision of the hundreds the Townes situation with the Armes of the Colleges of that famous Vniuersiti . ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes , Rivers , and memorable places mentioned in Cambridge-shire . HVNDREDS in Cambridge-shire . 1. VVIsbich . 2. Wichford . 3. Ely. 4. Staplehoo . 5. Chevelie . 6. Stane . 7. Northstoe . 8. Papworth . 9. Chesterton . 10. Flendishe . 11. Radfeild . 12. Chilford . 13. Whittlesford . 14. Thryplow . 15. Wetherley . 16. Stowe . 17. Armingford . A Abington , Arming . Abington great , Chil. Abington little , Chil. Arrington , Weth . Ashley , Cheu . Aure , VVich . Audrey causey , North. B Badburham , Chil. Badlingham , Staple . Balsham , Rad. Barrington , VVeth . Bartlowe , Chil. Barton , VVether . Bassingborne , Arm. Bedelthey , Ely. Brame , Ely. Brinckley , Rad. Bottisham , Stane . Bourne , Stowe . Boxworth , Pap. Burrow , Rad. Burwells , Staple . C Cam Flu. Caldecott , Stowe . CAMBRIDGE , Flend . Castle Camps Chil. Shady Camps , Chil. Carleton , Rad. Catlidge , Cheu . Caxton , Stowe . The Chare , VVich . Chatteris , VVich . Chesterton , Chest. Chetcham , Ely. Chevely , Cheve . Childerley , Chest. Chippenham , Stap. Clopton , VVether . Clowcrosse , VVich . Colham , VVich . Weston Colvill , Rad. Comberton , VVether . Conyngton , Pap. Copthall , Ely. Cottenham , Chest. Cottenham , North. Coveney , VVich . Crawden , Arming . Croxton , Stowe . D Ditton , Flend . Wood Ditton , Cheve . Dixford , VVhittlesf . Denny , North. Doddington , VVich . Downham , Ely. Dowsdale , VVis . Drayton fenne , Pap. Dry Drayton , Chest. Dullingham , Rad. E East great , Stowe . Eldernall , VVich . Elme , VVis . Elsworth , Pap. Eltisley , Stowe . ELY , Ely. Erith causey , VVich . Eversden great , Stowe . Eversden little , Stowe . F Fordham , Stap. Forton , Thryp. Fowlmere , Thryp. The Frith dike , VVich . Fulburne little , Flend . Fulburne great , Flend . G Gamlinghey , Stowe . Gaton , Chest. Girton , North. Gogmagog hils , Flend . Granceter , VVether . Gransden parva , Stowe . Gransden magna , Stowe . Graveley , Pap. Gyherne , VVis . H Haddenham , VVich . Hardwick , Stowe . Harimere chap , VVis . Harlston , Thryp. Harlton , VVether . Hastingfield . VVeth . Hatley East , Arming . Hatley S. George , Stowe . Hawxton , Thryp. Hildersham , Chil. Hinxton , VVich . Hobbes house , VVis . Hogginton , North. Hormingsey , Flend . Horsheathe , Chil. Cherry Hynton , Flend . Hystons , Chest. I Ickleton , VVic . Impington , North. Isellham , Stap. K Kennitt , Stap. Kingstone , Stowe . Knapwell , Pap. Knesworth , Arming . Kyrtling , Cheu . L Landbeach , North. Landwade , Stap. New Leame , VVic . Watersey Leame , VVis . Leverington , VVis . Litlington , Arming . LITTLEPORT , Ely. Lowleworth , North. LYNTON , Chil. M Maddingley , North. Maden lode , Ely. Maney , VVich . S. Maries , Wis. Melborne , Arming . Melreth , Arming . Mepole , Wich . Mershe , Wich . Milton , North. Gilden Morden , Arming . Steple Morden , Arming . N Newbernes , Ely. NEWMARKET , Che. Newmarket-heath , Che Newton , Thryp. Newton , Wis. Norney , Ely. O Ouse Flu. Owre , Pap. Owtwell , Wis. Oxwell , VVeth . P Pampisford , Chil. Papworth Evered , Pap. Papworth Agnes , Pap. Persondrove , Wis. Prickwillow , Ely. Q Quaney , Ely. R Rampton , North. Ramsey mere , Wic . RECHE , Wich . ROYSTON , Arm. S Sawston , VVit. Saxum , Cheu . Shelford great , Thryp. Shelford little , Thryp. Shengey , Arm. Sheperheth , Weth . Snaylwell , Stap. Soham , Stap. Soham mere , Stap. Statchworth , Rad. Stanton long , North. Stapleford , Thryp. Stontney , Ely. Stowe , Stowe . Stowe Quire , Stane . Streatham , VVich . Streatham mere , North. Sutton , Wich . Swaffham prior , Stane . Swaffham bulbeck , Stan Swavesey , Pap. T Tadlow , Arming . Teversham , Flend . Thetfort , Wich . Thorney , Ely. Thorney , Wich . Thryplowe , Thryp. Tofte , Stowe . Trokenhole , VVis . Trumpington , Thryp. Turbulsey , Ely. Tydd S. Gyles , Wis. V Vp-mere , Wich . Vpware , Wich . Vpwell , Wis. W Walton , Weth . Waterbeach , North. Welney , Ely. Wendy , Armin. Wentworth , VVich . Westwick , Chest. Westley , Rad. Whaddon , Arm. Whittlesey , VVich . Whittlesey dike , Wich . Whittlesey mere , Wich . Whitwell , Weth . Wicham , Wich . Wichford , Wich . Wickham West , Chil. Wicken , Stap. Widford , Thryp. Wilberham great , Stane . Wilberham little , Stane . Wilberton , Wich . Willingham , Pap. Willingham , Rad. Willington , Wich . WISBICH , VVis . Witcham , VVich . Wittlesford , VVhit . West Wratting , Rad. Wymple , Weth . HERTFORD-SHIRE . CHAPTER XX. HERTFORD-SHIRE is bordered upon the North with Bedford and Cambridge-shires ; upon the East , is altogether bounded by Essex ; upon the South , is confined with Middlesex ; and her West butteth upon Buckingham and Bedfordshires . ( 2 ) The forme thereof is somewhat circular , with many indents to fetch in those Towns that are dispersedly stragled into her next Shire : whereof Ro●ston and Totteridge are the two extremes from North to South , betwixt whom in a strait drawne line are twenty seven English miles , and from Putnam Westward , to Cheston Nunnery in the East , are twenty eight ; the whole circumference , about an hundred and thirty miles . ( 3 ) The ayre is temperate , sweet , and healthfull , as seated in a Climate neither too hot , nor too cold : the soyle is rich , plenteous , and delightfull , yeelding abundance of Corn , Cattle , Wood & Grasse , destitute of nothing that ministreth profit or pleasures for life , which are more augmented by the many Rivers that arise and run thorow this Shire , watering her owne and others , till they emptie themselves into the Sea. ( 4 ) Her ancient Inhabitants in the time of the Romans were the Cattieuchlanians , or Cassiians , and the Trinobantes , as their Writers declare , and in the Heptarchy was possessed by the East-Saxōs , excepting some small portion thereof that the Mercian Kings enjoyed . The Danes also in their over-runnings , sought to stay themselves in this Shire , and at Ware ( then Weare ) pitched downe their rest and hope : for passing the Lea in their light Pinnaces and Shallops , raised therein a Fort , which maugre the English they kept , until● that by the wise policie of King Elfred , that River was parted into more running streames , whereby their Ships perished , and they intercepted both of provision and further supplie . ( 5 ) The Romans before them had made Verolamium in this Shire their greatest for account , which in Neroes time was a Municipiall , as Ninius in his Catalogue of Cities doth call it , or as Tacitus , a Free Town ; sacked by Bodua that ever eternized Queene of the Icenians , when seventy thousand of the Romans and Confederates by her revenging sword perished : the site and circuit whereof , in this Card we have set according to our view and measure there taken : whose magnificence for Port and stately Architecture , were found by her large and arched Vaults in the daies of King Edgar , which were digged into and cast down by Elred and Edmer , Abbots of S. Albanes , for that they were the receptacles and lurking-holes of Whores and Theeves : the ruines of which have raised the beauty of her surviving and faire Saint Albanes , where Offa the great Mercian in great devotion built a most stately Monastery , whose Church yet standing , retaineth the ashes of many Nobles , there slaine in the quarrell of Yorke and Lancaster ; and a Font of solid brasse brought out of Scotland by Sir Richard Lea , from the siege of Leeth . ( 6 ) Many other Townes , both for commerce , stately buildings , and of ancient Record , this Shire affoordeth , whereof Hertford , though the Shire-Towne , is not the richest ; the passage thorow Ware hath left her waies so untrodden : to prevent which , in former times that River at Ware was whained up , and the Bailiffes of Hertford had the custodie of the Key : which howsoever they have lost , yet hath the Towne gotten her Governour to be preferred from the name of a Bailiffe , unto a Maior , assisted with nine Burgesses , a Recorder , and two Sergeants their Attendants . Herein a Castle , for situation pleasant , for Trench , Walles , and River , sufficiently fenced , was lately seen ; but marked to destinie , as the Towne to decay , hath found the hand of Fortune to overmatch her strength , and to ruinate the Priorie , S. Nicholas , and S. Maries Churches , besides a Cell of S. Albanes Monkes , that therein were seated . The like fate fals unto Hemsted , and her faire Castle , wherein Richard King of the Romans left his life . Yet Langley is graced both in the birth of Prince Edmund the fifth son to King Edward the third , and the buriall of Richard the second that unfortunate King , who in the Cell of Fryers Preachers was there first buried ▪ but afterwards removed and enshrined at Westminster . And in another Langley , neer and East from thence , was borne that Pontificall Break-Speare , Bishop of Rome , knowne by the name of Hadrian the fourth , ( and famous for his stirrup-holding by Frederick the Emperour ) whose breath was lastly stopped by a Flie that flew into his mouth . ( 7 ) The civill Battles that in this Shire have been fought , in the Map it selfe are inserted , and therefore here omitted , but the more ancient remembred unto us by Oister hill neer S. Albans , whom the judicious Cambden supposeth to have been the Campe of Ostorius the second Lieutenant , and subduer of great Caractacus ; as also seven small round Hilles betwixt Stevennedge and Knebworth , in which are supposed some Roman Souldiers to lie buried . ( 8 ) Religious Houses built and suppressed , the chiefest for account in this S●ire , were S. Albans , Ro●ston , Ware , Spowell , Langley , besides them at Hertford , whom Beda cals Herudford : which Cities graduation is distant and removed from the Equator , 52. degrees , 5. minutes of Latitude , and set from the first point of the West , according to Mercator , in the 20. degree 29. minutes of Longitude . The Earledomes whereof , were enjoyed onely by those two honourable Families , whose atchievements we have also therein expressed . ( 9 ) This Counties division is into eight Hundreds , wherein are seated eighteene Market Towns , and one hundred and twenty Parish-Churches , as in the Table inserted by their Alphabet are easily to be found . map of Hertfordshire HARTFORD SHIRE DESCRIBED The sittuations of Hartford , and the most ancient towne S Albons with such memorable actions as have happened HVNDREDS in Hertford-shire . 1. ODsey , Hund. 2. Edwinstree , Hun. 3. Branghing , Hund. 4. Brodewater , Hund. 5. Hitching , Hund. 6. Dacor , Hund. 7. Hertford , Hund. 8. Caisho , Hund. A. Abbotsbury , Edwinst. Ass●ey , Hitch . S. ALBANS , Caish. Aldbury , Dacor . Aldbury , Edwinst. Aldbury Hall , Edwinst. Aldenham , Caish. Alswick , Edwinst. Amwell little , Hert. Amwell great , Hert. Angabury , Hitch . Annables , Dacor . Anslye , Edwinst. Ashwell , Odsey . Aspender , Edwinst. Aston , Brod. Ayott Laurence , Brod. Ayott little , Brod. B The Beacon , Hert. The Beacon , Brod. The Beacon , Odsey . BALDOCK , Brod. BARKHAMSTED , D. Barkhamsted , Hert. BARKWAY , Edwinst. Barley , Edwinst. Bartrams , Brang. The Base , Hert. Beachams , Edwinst. Beaches , Edwinst. Beamonds , Caish. Beche Wood , Dacor . Bedmont , Caish. Bedwell , Hert. Bedwell Parke , Hert. Bell Bare , Caish. Benington , Brod. Benjoy , Hert. HIGH BERNET , Caish. Bernet East , Caish. Bersted , Dacor . Berwick , Brang. Bibswell , Hitch . Bleakswaye , Brang. Bouington , Dacor Bourne Hall , Caish. Bourne end , Dacor . Box-wood , Brod. Bradfield , Odsey Bragherend , Brod. Bramsifield , Caish. Branfield , Hert. Branghing , Brang. Brickenden , Hert. High Bridge , Caish. Briggens , Brang. Brodwater , Brod. Brokell Hall , Brod. Broxboume Wood , Hert. Broxbome , Hert. Buckland , Edwinst. BVNTINGFORD , Ed. Burley , Brod. Burwells greene , Brod. Bushey Hall , Dacor . Bushie , Caish. Bygrave , Odsey . C Caddington , Dacor . Caishoe , Caish. Caishoe Bridge , Caish. Caishoburie , Caish. Calkott , Odsey . Camberlow greene , Odsey . Cassulburie , Brang. Chandose , Dacor . Cheisfield , Brod. Chepperfield , Dacor . Cheston , Hert. Cheston Parke , Hert. Cheston Nunnery , Hert. Clothall , Odsey . Coddicott , Caish. Cokenhatch , Edwinst. Colliers End , Brang. Colshill , Dacor . Colney , Caish. Colvestreet , Caish. Coringley , Edwinst. Corner Hall. Dacor . Cottered , Odsey . High Crosse , Brang. Cudicott , Hitch . Cuhollgate , Caish. D Dane End. Dacor . Dane End , Brod. Darnels , Brod. Datchworth , Brod. Digswell , Brod. Dogshed , Edwinst. E Eastwicke , Brang. Elstree , Caish. Epalletts , Hitch . Essenden , Hert. F Fincher end , Brod. Flamsteed , Dacor . Flaunden , Dacor . Fresden , Dacor . Friers , Brang. The Friers , Dacor . G Gabbins , Hert. Gabbins ▪ Caish. Gadsden little . Dacor . Gadsden great , Dacor . Geldesden , Brang. Gigging , Edwinst. Gorehambury , Caish. Graveley , Brod. Gravesend , Edwinst. Grove , Caish. H Hadham great , Edwinst. Hadham little , Edwinst. Hadham nash , Edwinst. Halmeley , Brod. Haly , Hert. Harding , Dacor . Harpsfield Hall , Brod. HERTFORD , Hert. Hartingfordbury , Hert. Hatfield Wood , Hert. HATFIELD Bishops , Brod. Haulwicke , Brod. Helshams Hall , Edwinst. HEMPSTEED , Dacor . Henxworth , Odsey . Hexton , Caish. Hide Hall , Odsey . Hidehall , Brang. Highover , Hitch . Highstreet , Dacor . Hillend , Caish. HITCHING , Hitch . HODDESDON , Hert. Horkerell , Brang. Holey , Hert. Hormead great , Edwinst. Hormead little , Edwinst. How End , Hitch . Holwell , Brod. Hunsdon , Brang. Hyde , Caish. I Ickleford , Hitch . Ilestrey , Caish. K Kellshull , Odsey . Kempton , Hitch . Kensworth , Dacor . Kinswoodbury , Odsey . Kinsburne , Dacor . Knebworth , Brod. L Ladwell , Hitch . Laiston , Edwinst. No mans Land , Caish. Kings Langley , Dacor . Langley Abby , Caish. Langley , Hitch . The Lea , Caish. Lechworth , Brod. Lenmere , Dacor . Levesden , Caish. Ludwell , Hitch . Ludwick Hall , Brod. Lullie , Hitch . M Mallocks , Brang. S. Margets , Hert. Maiden Crosse , Hitch , Meesden , Edwinst. Merden , Hert. Merston long , Dacor . S , Michael , Caish. Milford , Edwinst. Minhall , Caish. Minsingbery , Edwinst. Monden frewell , Brod. Monden furnivall , Brod. More Parke , Caish. Morehouse , Caish. North Myms . N Nasthide , Caish. Newbarne , Caish. Newenham , Caish. Newenham , Odsey . Newgatestreet , Hert. Newhall , Brang. New place , Brang. Nimhall . Northaw , Caish. Northchurch , Dacor . Norton , Caish. Norton , Odsey . Newsels , Edwinst. Nuthamsted , Edwinst. Nimhall , Caish. O Odsey grange , Odsey . Owghton Head , Hitch . Owley , Edwinst. P Pansanger , Hert. Parkeward , Caish. Patmer Hall , Edwinst. Pelham burnt , Edw. Pelham Furneux , Edw. Pelham stocking , Edw. Penley , Dacor . Periton , Hitch . Pessebery , Brang. Potters crouch , Caish. Pottrels bare , Caish. Pottrels , Caish. Popes , Hert. The Pree , Caish. Preston , Hitch . The Priorie , Brod. PVCKERIDGE , Bran. Punchin end , Dacor . Punsburne , Hert. Putnam , Dacor . Putteridge , Hitch . Q Quenbery , Edwinst. Quickswood , Odsey . R Radwell , Odsey . Redborne , Caish. The Ree , Brang. Reed , Odsey . Redgewells , Edwinst. Reuels , Brod. Reyford , Hert. RICKMANSWORTH . Caish. Ricknesse , Brang. Ridge , Caish. ROISTON , Odsey . Rose Hall , Caish. Rushden , Odsey . S Sabsworth , Brang. Salesbery , Caish. Sandon , Odsey . Sarret , Caish. Satridge , Brang. Sauntridge , Caish. Sawcombe , Brod. The Scale , Hert. Shenley , Caish. Sheepehall , Brod. Shepeshide , Caish. S●inglehall , Brang. Sinkles , Caish. Sleape , Caish. Smalford , Caish. Sopwell , Caish. Spelbrooke , Brang. Standen , Brang. Stansted Abbots , Brang. Stanthecle , Brang. Stapleford , Hert. S. Stephens , Caish. Stevenage , Brod. STORTFORD Bishops . Brang. Studham , Dacor . Sullemaca , Caish. T Tannis , Edwinst. Tednambury , Brang. Temple , Brod. Temple dinsley , Hitch . Tewing , Hert. Tharfield , Odsey . S. Thomas Chappell , Hitch . Thoreley , Brang. Throcking , Edwinst. Thundrick , Brang. Thyobald , Hert. Titten hanger , Caish. Totteredge , Brod. Totteredge , Caish. TRING , Dacor . Tunwell , Brod. Two waters , Dacor . V Vphall , Brang. W Wadesmill , Brang. Wakerley , Edwinst. Walden S. Pauls , Hitch . Walden Kings , Hitch . Walkerne , Brod. Wallington , Odsey . Waltham Crosse , Hert. Walsworth , Hitch . Ware Parke , Brang. WAR● , Brang. Watford Hall , Hert. WATFORD , Caish. Watton , Brod. Waymer Castle , Brang. Welbery , Hitch . Welde , Caish. Wellwin , Brod. Westhide , Caish. Westmill , Brang. Weston , Brod. Westwich , Caish. Wheathamsteed , Dacor . Whitebarnes , Edwinst. Widboro hill , Brang. Widford , Brang. Wigginton , Dacor . Willesborne , Dacor . Willion , Brod. Windridge , Caish. Withiall , Edwinst. Woodgreene , Hert. Woodhall , Brod. Wormeley , Hert. Wulmer grene , Brod. Wymley great , Brod. Wimley little , Brod. Y Yardley , Odsey . BEDFORD-SHIRE . CHAPTER XXI . BEDFORD-SHIRE , seated in the South-East of this Iland , is a plaine and Champion Countrey , and lyeth bounded upon the North with Huntington-shire ; upon the East with Cambridge and Hartford-shires ; and upon the West with Buckingham and Northampton-shires . ( 2 ) The forme thereof is somewhat ovall , and not very large : for from Tilbroke in the North , unto Studham in the South , are but twentie foure English miles ; and from Turny in the West , unto Hatley Coking in the East , are not fully foureteene ; the whole in circumference , about seventie three miles . ( 3 ) The Aire is temperate , and the Soile bountious , especially the North , whose borders the fruitfull Ouse with her many windings watereth . The South is more leane , and with greater industry bringeth forth Barley , no better else-where . Generally , this Countie is Champion , though some places be sprinkled with Pasturage and Woods . ( 4 ) The ancient Inhabitants knowne to the Romans , that held in this Shire , were part of the Cattieuchlani , a stout and warre-stirring people : and yet upon the report of Caesars proceeding , sent him their subjection for peace . But when that conquering Nation had brought Britaine into a Province under Rome , their Legions lay at Sclanea and Magintum , which are now Sandy and Dunstable , places of memorable note in this Shire . After them the Saxons coveting for so faire a Seat , first dispossessed the Britaines , under the leading of Cuthwulfe the West-Saxon , about the yeere of Grace 572. who making it their owne , was lastly enjoyed by the Mercians , as a part of their Kingdome . ( 5 ) In the yeere of Christs Incarnation 1399. immediately before those Civill Warres , that rent in pieces the peace of this Land , betwixt the Princes of Lancaster and Yorke , the River Ouse neere unto Harwood , stood suddenly still , and refrained to passe any further ; so that forward , men passed three miles together on foot in the very depth of her Channell ; and backward , the waters swelled unto a great height : which was observed by the judicious , to foretell some unkind division that shortly should arise . ( 6 ) This County , among the common calamities of the Land , when it lay trampled under the feet of the Danes , sustained a part : and after that , in the time of King Stephen , when the Civill Warres thundred betwixt Maud the Empresse and himselfe , the Shire-town was sore wasted , with great slaughter of men : so when the Barons forsooke their allegeance to King Iohn , the Towne and Castle were rendred up unto their hands , and lastly , by King Henry the third , laid levell even with the ground , some ruinous wals appearing towards the Ouse , but not a stone left upon the Mount where stood his foundation . ( 7 ) This Towne by the Britaine 's was called Lettidur ; by the Saxons , Bedanford ; and of us , Bedford : being the chiefest in the County , from whom it taketh the name , and is most fruitfull , and pleasantly seated , having the Ouse running thorow the Towne in the middest , and a faire Stone-Bridge built over the same , whereon are two Gates to locke and impeach the passage , as occasion shall serve . At the first entrance standeth S. Leonards Hospitall for Lazars : and further inwards , S. Iohns and S. Maries Churches : within the Towne , S. Pauls , a most beautifull Church , S. Cuthberts , and S. Peters : without the Towne standeth the Fryers , S. Loyes , Alhallowes , and Caudwell Abbey : not farre thence , sometimes stood a Chappell upon the Banke of Ouse , wherein ( as Florilegus affirmeth ) the body of Offa the great Mercian King was interred , but by the over-swelling of that River , was borne downe , and swallowed up : whose Tombe of Lead ( as it were some phantasticall thing ) appeared often to them that seeke it not , but to them that seeke it ( saith Rosse ) it is invisible . This Towne is governed yeerely by a Major , two Bailiffes , two Chamberlaines , a Recorder , a Town-Clerke , and three Sergeants with Mases . ( 8 ) A tale of vaine credit is reported of Dunstable , that it was built to bridle the outragiousnesse of a theefe named Dun , by King Henry the first : but certaine it is the place was formerly held by the Romans , whose Legions there lay , as appeareth by the Coines there usually found , which from Magintum are corruptly called Madning-money . ( 9 ) Castles in this Shire are Woodhill , Eaton , Temsford , and Amphill , an honour now appertaining to the Crown . And places of Religion , built by devout persons , but for Idolatrous abuses againe abolished , were at Bedford , Harwood , Helenstow , Newenham , Chicksand , Wardon , Woburne , and Dunstable . All these , with their like , felt the hand of Henry the eight to lie so heavy upon them , that they were not able to sustaine the weight , but were crushed to pieces , and fell to the ground . ( 10 ) The Graduation of this Countie , taken for the Shire-Towne , is placed from the Equator in the degree of 52. and 30. minutes for Latitude , and is removed from the first West point of Longitude , 20. degrees and 16. minutes . ( 11 ) Whos 's Princely Families that have borne the Titles both of Dukes and Earles , within the Map it selfe by names , and their Armes are inserted , as thou seest ; and whose Counties division are into nine Hundreds , wherein are seated ten Market-Townes , and one hundred and sixteene Parish-Churches . map of Bedfordshire BEDFORD SHIRE AND THE SITUATION OF BEDFORD described with the armes of thos Honorable Familyes that have borne the titles of Dukes and Earls thereof . ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes , Rivers , and memorable places mentioned in Bedford-shire . HVNDREDS in Bedford shire . 1. STodden , Hund. 2. Barford , Hund. 3. Wylly , Hund. 4. Wixamtree , Hund. 5. Biggleswad , Hund. 6. Redbornstoke , Hu 7. Flitt , Hund. 8. Clifton , Hund. 9. Manshead , Hund. A ANTHIL , Redborne . Arlesey , Clift . Ascotts , Wixam. Aspley guise , Mansh. Aswicke , Biggle. B Barford , Barford . Barkmaw Parke , Redbor . Battledon , Mansh. Beckring Parke , Mansh. BEDFORD , Wylly . Beeston , Wixam. Bletsoe , Wylly . Berkford , Biggle. Berton , Flitt . BIGGLESWADE , Big . Billington , Mans. Biscott , Flitt . Blunham , Wixam. Bolnhurst , Stod . Brome , Wixam. Brunham , Wylly . Bushmead , Barford . Byddenham , Wylly . C Caddington , Flitt . Calmworth , Barford . Cambleton , Clift . Cardington , Wixam. Carleton , Wylly . Caysooe , Stodden . Chalgrave , Mans. Chaulton , Flitt . Chellington , Wylly . Chicksend , Wixam. Clapham , Stodden . Claphill , Flitt . Clifton , Clifton . Clipson , Mans. Cranfield , Redborne . Crawley Husband , Mans. Cuphull , Wixam. D Deane over , Stodden . Deane nether , Stodden . DVNSTABLE , Mans. Dunton , Biggle. E Eaton , Mans. Eaton Sotton , Barford . Edworth , Biggle. Eggington , Mans. Elmersham , Wylly . Elstowe , Redborne . Euerdon , Biggle. Euersholt , Mans. Eyworth , Biggle. F Farndish , Wylly . Flitton , Flitt . Flitwick , Redborne . Faldo , Flitt . G Goldington , Barford . Gravenerstes , Flitt . Gravenhurst over , Flitt . Gravenhurst nether , Flitt . H Harwood , Wylly . Harlington , Mans. Hatch , Wixam. Hatley Port , Biggle. Hatley Coking , Biggle. Hawnes , Flitt . Haxton , Flitt . Heath , Mans. Henlowe , Clifton . Hide East , Flitt . Hide West , Flitt . Higham goben , Flitt . Hill , Wixam. Hockecliffe , Mans. Holcott , Mans. Holme , Biggle. Houghton conquest , Redborne . Houghton , Kings , Mans. Howell , Clifton . K Kempfton , Redborne . Knotting , Stodden . L Lanford , Biggle. Legenho , Redborne . LEIGHTON buzard , Mans. Ligrave , Flitt . Limbene , Flitt . Littleton , Redborne . LVTON , Flitt . M Mauldon , Redborne . Margatt , Man. Melchborne , Stodden . Mepshall , Clifton . Merston morton , Redborne . Milbrooke , Redborne . Milhoe , Biggle. Milton Briaw , Mans. Mograrige , Wixam. Miltonernes , Stodden . N Newnehame , Wylly . Norhill , Wixam. O Ocley , Wylly . Ockley , Stodden . Ouse , Flu. P Patenham , Wylly . Peggifton , Flitt . Pettenhull , Stodden . Poddington , VVylly . Potesgrave , Mans. POTTON , Biggle. Pullox hill , Flitt . R Radwell , VVylly . Ravensdon , Barford . Reynold , Barford . Ridgemond , Redborne . Rysely , Stodden . Rokkesdon , Barford . Ruche , Mans. S Sandey , Biggle. Sawford , Mans. Scotfeild , Clifton . Segnowall , Mans. Sharnbrocke , VVylly . Sharpenho , Flitt . SHEFFORD , Clift . Shelton , Stodden . Shidlington , Clifton . Shillington , Flitt . Silvisho , Flitt . Sondon , Flitt . Souldroppe VVylly . Southill , VVixam . Stagden , VVylly . Stanbridge , Mans. Standen over , Clifton . Standen nether , Clifton . Stanford , VVixam . Steppingley , Redborne . Steventon , VVylly . Stopseley , Flitt . Stoughton little , Stodden . Stratton , Biggle. Stretley , Flitt . Studham , Mans. Sundon , Clifton . Summers , Flitt . Sutton , Biggle. T Taternall , Mans. Tempsford , Biggle. Tettworth , Biggle. Tenkseke , Redborne . Thorncott , VVixam . Thurlye , VVylly . Tilesworth , Mans. Tylbroke , Stodden . Tylworth , Mans. Tyngrave , Mans. TVDDINGTON , M. Turvey , VVylly . W Werdon old , VVixam . Westning , Mans. Whipsand , Mans. Wildon , Barford . Wilshamstead , Redborn . Willington , VVixam . WOBORNE , Mans. Woborne Abbey , Man. Wodhill , VVylly . Woodenden , Mans. Wotton , Redborne . Womnleighton , Biggl . Wrast , Flitt . Wrestingworth , Biggle. Wynyngton , VVylly . Y Yeldon , Stodden . BVCKINGHAM-SHIRE . CHAPTER XXII . BUCKINGHAM , for the plenty of Beech trees there growing , and those in the elder times of the Saxons called Bucken , may well be supposed from them to have the Name , as afterwards the whole Shire had hers from this Towne BUCKINGHAM . ( 2 ) In forme it somewhat resembleth a Lion Rampant , whose head or North-point toucheth the Counties of Northampton and Bedford ; whose backe or East-part is backed by Bedford and Hertford-shires : his loynes or South-borders rest upon Barkeshire , and his breast the West side is butted upon wholly by Oxford-shire . The length thereof from Waisbury in the South , to Bradfeld in her North , are thirty nine miles : the breadth at the broadest , from Ashbridge in the East , to Brenwood Forest in the West , are eighteene ; the whole in circumference one hundred thirty eight miles . ( 3 ) The aire is passing good , temperate , and pleasant , yeelding the body health , & the mind content . The soile is rich , fat , and fruitfull , giving abundance of Corn , Grasse and Marle . It is chiefly divided into two parts by the Chilterne hills , which run thorow this Shire in the middest , and before time were so pestered with Beech , that they were altogether unpassable , and became a receptacle and refuge for theeves , who daily endammaged the way-faring man ; for which cause Leostan Abbot of Saint Albans caused them to be cut down : since when those parts are passable , without any great incumbrances of trees ; from whose tops , a large and most pleasing prospect is seene . The Vale beneath is plaine and champion , a clayie soyle , stiffe , and rough , but withall marvellous fruitfull , naked of Woods , but abounding in meadows , pastures , and tillage , and maintaining an infinite number of sheepe , whose soft and fine fleeces are in great esteem with the Turkes as farre as Asia . ( 4 ) The ancient Inhabitants that were seated in this Shire , were the Cattieuchlani , mentioned by Ptolemie , and then dispersed through the Tract of Bedford , Hertfort , and this . These yeelded themselves with the first to Caesar under the Romanes subjection , whose over-worne Empire ending in Britaine , the Saxons by strong hand attained this Province , and made it a part of their Mercian Kingdome : yet was it first subdued unto them by Cherdike the West-Saxon , whose memory is in part continued in the Towne Chersey , upon the West of this Countie , where in a sharpe and bloudy battle he was victor over the Britaines . So also Cuthwulfe a West-Saxon at Alesberie in the yeere of Grace 592. overcame the Britaines , and bare downe all things before him : yet no sooner was their Heptarchie wained , and their Monarchie able to stand alone , but that the Danes , before their strength and growth was confirmed , waxed upon them ; and they not able in so weake a hand to hold fast that weight of greatnesse they had so grasped , gave place to their Conquerours , who did many harmes in this Province : for in the yeere 914. the Danes furiously raged as farre as Brenwood , where they destroyed the Citie Burgh , the ancient seat of the Romanes , afterwards a royall house of King Edward the Confessor , which they utterly destroyed . ( 5 ) The Shire-town Buckingham , fruitfully seated upon the River Ouse , was fortified with a Rampire , and sconses on both bankes , by K. Edward the elder , saith Marianus the Scotish Writer ; where in the heart of the Town hath stood a strong castle , mounted upon an high hill , which long since was brought to the period of her estate , now nothing remaining besides the signes , that there she had stood . The River circulates this Town on every side , that only on the North excepted , over which three faire stone-bridges lead , and into which the springs of a Well run , called S. Rumalds , a child-saint borne at Kings Sutton , canonized , and in the Church of this Towne enshrined , with many conceited miracles and cures : such was the hap of those times , to produce Saints of all ages and sexes . This Town is governed by a Bailiffe and twelve principall Burgesses ; and is in the degree removed from the first point of the West for Longitude 19.33 . scruples ; and the North-pole elevated in Latitude for the degree of 52.18 . scruples . ( 6 ) A Town of ancienter note is Stony-Stretford , the Romans Lactorodū , being built upon that ancient Causey-way which is called Watling street , where remain the markes thereof even unto this day . At this place Edward the elder stopped the passage of the Danes , whiles he strengthned Torcester against them : and herein , King Edward the eldest since the Conquest , reared a beautifull Crosse in memory of Eleanor his dead Queen , as he did in every place where her Corps rested , from Herdby in Lincolne-shire till it was received and buried at Westminster . ( 7 ) Places intended for Gods true worship , built by devout persons , and sequestred from worldly imployments , were at Launden , Luffeld , Bidlesden , Bradwell , Nothey , Ankerne , Missenden , Tekeford , Partrendune , Ashbridge , & Alesbury : Ashbridge in great repute for the blood ( supposed out of Christs sides ) brought out of Germany by Henry the eldest sonne of Richard King of the Romans , and Earle of Cornwall , whereunto resorted great concourse of people for devotion , and adoration thereof . But when the Sun-shine of the Gospel had pierced thorow such clouds of darkenesse , it was perceived apparently to be onely hony clarified and coloured with Saffron , as was openly shewed at Pauls Crosse , by the Bishop of Rochester , the twenty foure of Februarie , and yeere of Christ 1538. And Alesbury for the holines of S. Edith was much frequented , who having this Town allotted for her Dowrie , bad the world and her husband farewell , in taking upon her the veile of devotion , and in that fruitfull age of Saints became greatly renowned , even as farre as to the working of miracles . These all in the stormes & rage of the times , suffred such shipwrack , that from those turmoiled Seas , their Merchandize light in the right of such Lords as made them their owne for wreacks indeed . ( 8 ) With foure Castles this Shire hath beene strengthned , and thorow eleven Market Towns her Commodities traded ; being divided , for service to the Crowne and State , into eight Hundreds , and in them are seated one hundred fourescore and five Parish-Churches , as in the Table annexed Alphabetically are expressed . map of Buckinghamshire BUCKINGHAM Both Shyre , and Shire : towne describ . ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes , Rivers , and memorable places mentioned in Buckingham-shire . HVNDREDS in Buckingham-shire . 1. NEwport . 2. Buckingham . 3. Collstowe . 4. Ashenden . 5. Alesbury . 6. Disburrough . 7. Burnham . 8. Stocke . A Achenborow , Buc. Ackeley , Buck. Addington , Buck. Adstocke , Buck. AGMONDSHAM , Bu. AYLESBVRY , A. Vale of Aylesbury , Ales. Apstone , Dis. Ascott , Coll. Ashridge , Coll. Ashendon , Ash. Aston clinton , Ales. Aston abbotts , Coll. Cold Aston , Ales. Astwood , New. Aunslop , New. B Barton , Buck. Beach hampton , Bu. BEACONFIELD , Burn. Bearton , Ales. Bernwood forest , A. Bidlesden , Buck. Blechley , New. Bledlow , Ales. Boreney , Bur. Boreton , Buck. Bostall , Ash. Cold Bradfield , New. Bradnam , Dis. Bradnam parke , Dis. Bradwell , New. Brickhill little , New. Brickhill great , New. Bowe Brickhill , New. Brill , Ashen . Broughton , Ales. Broughton New. BVCKINGHAM , Buc. Buckland , Ales. Burnham , Burn. East Burnham , Burn. Burston , Coll. C Calverton , New. Caldecott , New. Castlethorpe , New. Caveley , Buck. Caversfeild , Buck. Chalfont S. Peters , Burn. Chalfont S. Gyles . Burn. Chalwey , Stock . Checkmore , Buck. Chechely , New. Cheddington , Coll. Chepping wickcomb Dis. Chepping wickcomb florens , Dis. Cherslie , Ash. Chesham , Burn. Chesham boyes , Burn. Cheyneyes , Burn. Chilton , Ash. Chitwood , Buck. Cholesbury , Ales. Choldesbury , Coll. Claydon middle , Ash. Steeple Claydon , Buck. Claydon East , Ash. Clifton raines , New. Colbrocke in horton , Stock . COLBROCKE in LANGLEY , S. Cold-aston , Ales. Crandon , Ash. North Crowly , New. Cublington , Coll. Cuddenton , Ales. D Datchet , Stock . Denham , Stock . Dorney , Burn. Dorton , Ash. Drayton beauchampe , Coll. Drayton parslowe , Coll. Dunton , Coll. Dynton , Ales. E Eaton , New. Eaton , Stock . Edgcott , Buck. Edlesburrough , Coll. Elsborough , Ales. Emmerton , New. Eydroppe , Ash. F Farnam royall , Bur. Fawly , Dis. The Feath , Burn. Filgrane , New. Fingerst , Dis. Folcott , Buck. Fulbro● , Col. Fullmere , Stock . G Gamboro , Ash. Gawcott , Buck. Mershe Gibbeen , Buck. Gotehurst , New. Grendon long , Ash. Greneland , Dis. Grove , Coll. H Hadnam , Ales. Hambleden , Dis. Little Hamden , Ales. Great Hamden , Ales. Leck Hamsted , Buck. Hanslop , New. Hardmere , New. Hardwick , Coll. Hardwood great , Coll. Hardwood little , Coll. Hardwell , Ales. Haversham , New. Haulton , Ales. Hawridge , Coll. Hedgeley , Stock . Hedstor , Dis. Hillesden , Buck. Hitchendon , Dis. Hoggerston , Col. Hogshawe , Ash. Horidge , Ales. Horsenden , Ales. Horsingdon , Ash. Horton , Stock . Hucket , Ales. I Ilmere , Ash. Ipston , Dis. Iuet , Stock . IVINGOE , Coll. K Kimbers , Ales. Kingsey , Ash. Krestow , Coll. L Langley marish , Stock . Lan●icke , Ales. Latimers , Burn. La●ndon , New. Lee , Ales. Snipton Lee , Ash. S. Leonards , Ales. Lillingstone dayrell , Buck. Linchlad , Coll. Lithershall , Ash. Littlecott , Coll. Lothbury , New. Loughton , New. Luffeild , Buck. Lynford little , New. Lynford great . New. M Marlowe little , Dis. Marlowe great , Dis. Marlowe florens , Dis. Marshe gibbon , Buck. Mayes morten , Buck. Mednam , Dis. Mentmore , Coll. Little Merdon , Ash. North Merston , Ash. Mersworth , Coll. Middleton keynes , New. Great Missenden , Ales. Little Missenden , Ales. Morton , Dis. Moulso , New. Mursley , Coll. N Nashe , Coll. Nettleden , Coll. Newington longfield , New. Newington blomareile , New. NEWPORT , Ne● Nothey , Ash. O Ockley , Ash. OVLNEY , Ne● . Oulswick , Ales. Ouse Flu. P Padbury , Buck. Penne , Burne . Pichcote , Ash. Pitston , Col. Poundon , Buck. Prebend end , Buck. Preston , Buck. Q Quainton , Ash. R Radnage , Dis. Ratley , Buck. Ravenstone , New. Over Rendon , Ash. Rickmansworth , Bur. Princes Risborough , Ales. Monkes Risborough , Ales. Rowsham , Coll. S Sabbinton , Ash. Sander●on , Dis. Aston Standford , Ash. Saulden , Coll. Shaulton , Buck. Sheney , New. Sherley brooke end , Coll. Sherington , New. Sh●pton , Coll. S●ckle-●urrow , Coll. Spnam , Burn. Sapton , Coll. Staunton , New. Stoke golding , New. Stoke poges , Stock . Stoke manuill , Ales. Stoke hamond , New. Stone , Ales. STONY STRATFORD , Ne. Stowe , Buck. Fenny Stratford , New. Waters Stratford , Buck. Stuckley , Coll. Sulbury , Coll. Swanburne , Coll. Sympson , New. T Tame Flu. Thorneborowe , Buck. Thornton , Buck. Thurringham , New. Tingwick , Buck. Tinweston , Buck. Topley , Burn. Tottenhoo , Coll. Tousey , Ash. Turfeild , Dis. Turvye , New. Twyford , Buck. V Vpburne denicourt , Dis. Vpton , Stock . Vuing , Ash. W Waddosdon , Ash. Walton , Ales. Walton , New. Over Wamden , New. Warrington , New. Waysbury , Stock . Weeden , Coll. Wendover florens , Ales. Wendover , Ales. Westbury , Buck. Westcote , Ash. Weston under wood , New. Weston turvill , Ales. Wexham , Stock . Whaddon chase , Coll. Whaddon , Coll. Whitchurch , Coll. HIGH WICKHAM , Bur. West Wickham , Dis. Nether Winchington , Ash. Vpper Winchington , Ash. Wing , Coll. Wingrave , Coll. WINSLOWE , Coll. Winslow heath . Coll. Wolston little , New. Wolston great , New. Wolverton , New. Woodsham , Ash. Wormenall , Ash. Wotton underwood , Ash. Woughton , New. Wyllyne , New. OXFORD-SHIRE , receiveth her name from that famous Vniversitie , and most beautifull Citie Oxford , and this of the Foord of Oxen , say our English Saxons ; though Leiland upon a ground of conjecture will have it Ousford , from the River Ouse ( by the Latines called Isis , which giveth name likewise to the adjoyning Iland Ousney . The North point of this Shire is bordered upon by the Counties of Warwicke and North-Hampton , the East with Buckingham , the West by Gloucester-Shire , and the South altogether is parted from Barke-Shire by Thamisis , the Prince of British Rivers . ( 2 ) The blessings both of the sweet-breathing heavens , and the fruitfull site of this Counties soyle , are so happy and fortunate , that hardly can be said whether exceeds . The ayre milde , temperate and delicate ; the Land fertile , pleasant and bounteous ; in a word , both Heaven and Earth accorded to make the Inhabitants healthfull and happie : The hils loaden with woods and cattle , the vallies burthened with corne and pasturage , by reason of many fresh springing Rivers which sportingly there-thorow make their passage ; whereof Evenlod , Charwell , Tame and Isis are chiefe : which two last making their Bed of Marriage neere unto Dorchester , runne thence together in one channell and name . ( 3 ) The length of this Shire is from Cleydon in the North-West , unto Caversham in her South-East , neere unto Thamisis , and amounteth almost to fortie miles ; the broadest part is in her Westerne Borders , which extending from the said Cleydon in the North , unto Faringdon seated upon the River Isis in the South , are scarcely twenty sixe : and thence growing narrower like unto a Wedge , containing in Circumference about one hundred and thirty miles . ( 4 ) The ancient Inhabitans known to the Romanes , were the Dobuni , part whereof possessed further Westernly into Glocester-shire , and neerer East-ward , betwixt the bowing of Thamisis , were seated the Ancalites , who sent their submission unto Iulius Caesar , when report was made that the Trinobantes had put themselves under his protection ; whereof followed the Britaines servitude under the proud yoke of the all-coveting Romans : yet afterwards this Counties people , being very puissant ( as Tacitus termes them ) and unshaken by warres , withstood Ostorious Scapula the Romane Lieutenant , choosing rather to yeeld their lives in Battle , then their persons to subjection . Of later times it was possessed by the Mercian-Saxons , as part of their Kingdome , though sometimes both the West Saxons , and the Northumbrians had the dispose of some part therof : for Beda affirmeth that King Oswold gave the then-flourishing Citie Dorchester unto Berinus the West-Saxons Apostle , to be his Episcopall See : whence the good Bishop comming to Oxford , and preaching before Wulpherus the Mercian King ( in whose Court Athelwold the South-Saxons heathenish King was then present ) he with all his Nobles were converted to the faith of Christ , and there baptized , whereby Berinus became the Apostle also of the South-Saxons . ( 5 ) Other places of memorable note , either for actions therein happening , or for their owne famous esteeme , are the Roll-rich-stones , standing neer unto Enisham in the South of this Shire : a monument of huge stones , set round in compasse , in manner of the Stonehenge : of which , fabulous tradition hath reported forsooth , that they were metamorphosed from men , but in truth were there erected upon some great victory obtained , either by , or against Rollo the Dane , who in the yeere 876. entered England , and in this Shire fought two Battles , one neere unto Hoch-Norton , and a second at the Scier Stane . ( 6 ) Rodcot likewise remaineth as a monument of Oxfords high stiled Earle , but unfortunate Prince , Robert de Vere , who besides the Earledome , was created by King Richard the second , Marquesse of Dublin , and Duke of Ireland : but at that Bridge , discomfited in fight by the Nobles , and forced to swimme the River , where began the downfall of his high mounted fortunes ; for being driven forth of his Country , lastly died in exile and distressed estate . But more happie is this Countie in producing far more glorious Princes , as King Edward the Confessor , who in Islip was borne ; Edward the victorious black Prince , in Woodstock ; and in Oxford that warlike Coeur de Lion , King Richard the first , the sonne of King Henry the second , first took breath . ( 7 ) Which Citie is , and long hath been the glorious seat of the Muses , the British Athens , and learnings well-spring , from whose living Fountaine the wholsome waters of all good literature streaming plenteously , have made fruitfull all other parts of this Realme , and gained glory amongst all Nations abroad . Antiquitie avoucheth , that this place was consecrated unto the sacred Sciences in the time of the old Britaines , and that from Greekelad , a Town in Wilt-shire , the Academie was translated unto Oxford , as unto a Plant-plot , both more pleasing and fruitfull : whereto accordeth the ancient Burlaeus and Necham , this latter also alledging Merlin . But when the beauty of the Land lay under the Saxons prophane feete , it sustained a part of those common calamities , having little reserved to uphold its former glorie , save onely the famous monument of Saint Frideswids Virgine-Conquest , no other Schoole then left standing besides her Monasterie : yet those great blasts , together with other Danish stormes , being well blowne over , King Elfred , that learned and religious Monarch , recalled the exiled Muses to their sacred place , and built there three goodly Colledges for the Studies of Divinitie , Philosophie , and other Arts of humanitie , sending thither his owne sonne Ethelward , and drew thither the young Nobles from al parts of his kingdome . The first Reader thereof was his supposed brother Neote , a man of great learning , by whose direction King Elfred was altogether guided in this his goodly foundation . At which time also , Asserius Menevensis , a Writer of those times affaires , read the Grammar and Rhetoricke , and affirmeth that long before them , Gildas , Melkin , Ninius , Kentigern , S. German , and others , spent there their lives in learned studies . From which time that it continued a Seed plot of learning till the Norman Conquest , Ingulphus recordeth , who himselfe then lived . No marvell then if Matthew Paris calleth Oxford , the second Schoole of Christendome , and the very chiefe Pillar of the Catholique Church . And in the Councel holden at Vienna , it was ordained , that in Paris , Oxford , Bononia , and Salamanca ( the onely Vniversities then in Europe ) should be erected Schooles for the Hebrew , Greeke , Arabick and Chaldean Tongues , and that Oxford should be the generall Vniversitie for all England , Ireland , Scotland , and Wales : which point was likewise of such weight with the Councel of Constance , that from this precedence of Oxford Vniversitie , it was concluded , that the English Nation was not onely to have precedence of Spaine in all Generall Councels , but was also to be held equall with France it selfe . By which high prerogatives this of ours hath alwaies so flourished , that in the dayes of King Henry the third , thirtie thousand Students were therein resident , as Archbishop Armachanus ( who then lived ) hath writ , and Rishanger ( then also living ) sheweth , that for all the civill warres which hindered such places of quiet studie , yet 15000. Students were there remaining , whose names ( saith he ) were entered in matricula , in the matriculation Booke . About which time , Iohn Baliol ( the father of Baliol King of Scots ) built a Colledge , yet bearing his name , Anno 1269. and Walter Merton Bishop of Rochester , that which is now called Merton Colledge ; both of them beautified with buildings , and enriched with lands , and were the first endowed Colledges for learning in all Christendome . And at this present there are sixteen Colledges ( besides another newly builded ) with eight Hals , and many most faire Collegiat Churches , all adorned with mest stately buildings , and enriched with great endowments , noble Libraries , and most learned Graduates of all professions , that unlesse it be her sister Cambridge , the other nursing breast of this Land , the like is not found againe in the world . This Citie is also honoured with an Episcopall See. As for the site thereof , it is removed from the Equator in the degree 52. and one minute , and from the West by Mercators measure , 19. degrees , and 20. minutes . ( 8 ) As this Countie is happy in the possession of so famous an Academie , so it is graced with most Princely Palaces appertaining to the English Crown , whereof Woodstocke is the most ancient and magnificent , built to that glory by K. Henry the first , and enlarged with a Labyrinth of many windings by K. Henry the second , to hide from his jealous Iuno , his intirely beloved Concubine Rosamond Clifford , a Damosell of surpassing beauty ; where nowtwithstanding followed by a clew of silke that fell from her lap , she was surprised and poysoned by Queen Eleanor his wife , and was first buried at Godstow Nunnery , in the midst of the Quire , under a Hearse of Silke , set about with lights , whom Hugh Bishop of Lincolne ( thinking it an unfit object for Virgins devotion ) caused to be removed into the Church-yard : but those chaste sisters liked so well the memory of that kinde Lady , as that her bones were translated againe into their Chappell . Bensington is another of his Majesties Mannors , built by Will. de la Pole Duke of Suffolke , but now in neglect through the annoyance arising from the waters or marishes adjoyning . Houses built for devotion , and for abuse suppressed and againe put downe , the chiefe in account were Enisham , Osney , Bruerne , Godstow , Burchester , and Tame , besides Saint Frideswides , and very many other stately houses of Religion in the Citie . The Divsiion of this Shire is into fourteene Hundreds , wherein are seated ten Market Townes , and two hundred and fourescore Parish-Churches , whose names are Alphabetically inserted in the Table ensuing . map of Oxfordshire OXFORDSHIRE described with the Citie and the Armes of the Colledges of that famous Vniuersity . Ao. 1605. HVNDREDS in Oxford-shire . 1. BAnbury . 2. Bloxham . 3. Chadlington . 4. Wotton . 5. Ploughley . 6. Bullington . 7. Bampton . 8. Tame . 9. Lewknor . 10. Pirton . 11. Dorchester . 12. Ewelme . 13. Langtree . 14. Binfeild . A Adderbury , Blox . Addington , Plough . Adwell , Lewk . Alvescott , Bamp . Ambesden , Bulling . Ardeley , Plough . Arnecott , Bulling . Ascott , Chad. Ascott , Tame . Assenton , Pirt. Astoll , Bam. Astoll Lye , Bam. Aston Steeple , Wot . Aston , Bam. Aston North , Wot . Aston Rowen , Lewk . Aulkerton , Blox . B Bampton , Bampt. BANBVRY , Ban. Balscott , Blox . Barford S. Iohns , Blox . Barford , S. Michael , Wot . Steple Barton , Wot . March Baulden , Bulling . Toot Baulden , Bulling . Baynton , Plough . Beckley , Bulling . Beckley Parke . Bulling . Begbrocke , VVot . Bensington , Ewel . Berington little , Bamp . Berwicke Priorie , Ewelme . Berwicke Sulham , Ewelme . Bixbrand , Binf. Bix Gobon , Binf. Blacke Burton , Bamp . Blackthorne , Bulling . Bladon , VVot . Bletchington , Plough . Bloxome , Blox . Blunt , Lewk . Bodicott , Blox . Bolney , Bin. Bradwe , Bamp . Brickenton , Bamp . Bridsett , Bulling . Bright Hampton , Bramp . Brisemorton , Bamp . Britwell Priory . Ewelme . Britwell Baldwin , Ewelme . Britwell Fulham . Lewk . Broken , Chad. Brooke Hampton , Ewelm . Broughton , Blox . Broughton Poges . Bamp . Bruerne , Chad. Bucknell , Plough . Burcester , Plough . Burcester Kings , Plough . Burcott , Dor. BVRFOBD , Bam. Burton great , Banb. Burton little , Banb. C Carbridge , Bamp . Cassington , Wot . Caswell , Bamp . Caverfeild , Plough . Caversham , Binf. Chackenton , Lang. Chadlington , Chad. Chalgrave , Ewelm . Chapell on the Heath , Chad. Charleton , Plough . Charswell , Wot . Charwell Flu. Chastleton , Chad. Chawfer , Lewk . Cherlbury , Ban. Chesterton , Plough . Chilson , Chad. Chillworth , Bulling . Chinner , Lewk . CHIPPING NORTON , Cha. Chisleyhampton , Dor. Church Cowley , Bulling . Churchhill , Chad. Chymney , Bamp . Clanfield , Bamp . Clare , Pirt. Clatercott , Banb. Cleydon , Banb. Clifton , Dor. Clifton , Wot . Cogges , VVot . Cokethorpe , Bamp . Coddington , Plough . Longe Combe , VVot . Coome , Bulling . Cote , Bamp . Cottesford , Plough . Cotten , Banb. Temple Cowley , Bulling . Cowthorpe , Banb. Crawley , Bamp . Cromish Battley , Ewelm . Cromish Gifford , Lang. Cornewell , Chad. Cropredie , Banb. Crowell , Lewk . Cuckham , Ewel . Cuddesdon , Bulling . Cullam , Dor. D Deane , Chad. Deddington , VVot . Denton , Bulling . Dickley , VVot . Dorchester , Dor. Dracot , Ewel . Drayton , Blox . Drayton , Dor. Ducklington , Bamp . Dunse Tive , VVot . Dunsden , Bin. E Elsfeild , Bulling . Emington , Lewk . Enesham , VVot . Enston , Chad. Epwell , Blox . Esington , Ewel . Evenclods Flu. Ewelme , Ewelm . Eye . Binf. F Faringdon little , Bamp . Fauler , Banb. Fencott , Bulling . Fifeild , Dor. Fifeild , Chad. Finmore , Plough . Finscot , Banb. Foresthill , Bulling . Fringford , Plough . Fritwell , Plough . Fullbrooke , Chad. Fulwell , Plough . Fylkins , Bamp . G Garsington , Bulling . Gatehampton , Lang. Glimpton , VVot . Godington , Plough . Godstow , VVot . Goldar , Pirt. Goring , Lang. Gossard , VVot . Grafton , Bamp . Grayes-Court , Binf. Grayes , Binf. Greenfeild , Pirt. H Hampton Short , Chad. Hampton Poyle , Plough . Hampton Gaye , Plough . Hanboro Long , VVot . Hanwell , Blox . Hardwick , Plough . Harecourt , VVot . Harwicke , Bamp . Haseley great , Ewel . Haseley little , Ewel . Haulton , Bulling . Hayley , Bamp . Heath , Plough . Heathorpe , Chad. Heddington , Bulling . Hempton , VVot . HENLEY . Hensington , VVot . Heyford Nether , Plough . Heyford warren , Ploug. Hinton , Lewk . Holcombe , Ewel . Hollwell , Bamp . HOOKE NORTON , Cha. Hordly , VVot . Horley , Chad. Horton , Chad. Horspath , Bulling . Horspenden , alias Harding , Binf. Horton , Bulling . Huddon , Bamp . I Ibsden , Lang. Idbury , Chad. Isley , Bulling . Ingeston , Lewk . Ipwell , Dor. Isis Flu. Islipp , Plough . K Kellmiscott , Bramp . Kencott , Bramp . Kiddington Nether , VVot . Kidington , Chad. Kidlington , VVot . Kingham , Chad. Kirtlington , Plough . L Langley , Chad. Lashbrooke , Binf. Latchford , Ewel . Lawnton , Plough . Ledwell , VVot . Lefeild , Chad. Lewe , Bamp . Lewkenor , Lewk . Lillingston lovell . Plough . Littlemore , Bulling . The Lye , Banb. Lye South , VVot . Lye North. VVot . Lyneham , Chad. M Mangwell , Lang. Mappleduram Gourney , Binf. Mappleduram Chawes , Lang. Marston , Bulling . Merton , Bulling . Middle Barton , Wot . Middle Aston , Wot . Middleton Stony , Plou . Milcombe , Blox . Milton , Blox . Milton , Chad. Minster Lovell , Chad. Mixbury , Plough . Moccott , Bulling . Mollington , Blox . More North , Chad. Morecott , Plough . Morton , Tame . Mylton little , Tame . Mylton great , Tame . N Neithorpe , Banb. Nettlebed , Ewl. Newbridge , VVot . Newinton , Ewel . Newnham Murrin , Lang. Newnham Courtney . Bulling . Newton , Blox . South Newton , VVot . Newton Pursell Plough . Noke , Plough . Norton-brimer Bamp . Norton-Over , Chad. Nusfeild , Ewel . O Odington , Plough . Otmore , Bulling . Ouy Chapell , Chad. OXFORD , Wotton . P Piddington , Bulling . Priton , Pirt. Pisse hill , Pirt. Poscombe , Lewk . Prestend , Tame . Priorate , Brampt . Pudicott , Chad. R Ramsden , Chad. Ricott , Tame . Rodcott-bridge , Bramp . Rotherfeild Grayes , Binf. Rotherfeild Popper , Binf. Rousham , VVot . Roll-rich-stones . Wot . Rowlwright great , Chad. Rowlwright little , Chad. S Sallford , Chad. Sandford , Bulling . Sandford Heath , Chad. Saresdine , Chad. Scadham , Tame . Sewcott , Plough . Shelswell , Plough . Shirborne , Pirt. Shilton , Bamp . Shifford , Bamp . Shiplake , Binf. Shipton upon Charwell , Wot . Shipton Vnderwood , Cha. Shotover Wood , Bull. Shutford , Banb. Sidenham , Lewk . Sommerton , Plough . Souldren , Plough . Southorpe , Chad. Spilesbury , Chad. Stanford , VVot . Stanlake , Bamp . Stanton S. Iohns , Bulling . Staunton Harecourt , Wot . Steple Aston , VVot . Stodham , Dor. Stoke Line , Plough . Stoke Rue , Lang. Stoke Stolemag , Pirt. Stoke North , Lang. Stoke South , Dor. Stoken Church , Lewk . Stonesfeild , VVot . Stratton Audley , Plough . Swaclive , Banb. Swerford , Chad. Swinbrooke , Chad. Swincombe , Ewel . Sybberds gore , Blox . Sybberds Ferries , Blox . Synett , Bamp . T Tackley , Wot . Tadmerton little , Blox . Tadmerton great , Blox . Tadlisthorpe , Chad. Tamerton great , Blox . Tangley Chad. Tetsworth , Tame . Teynton , Chad. THAME NEW , Tame . Thame old , Tame . Thame Parke , Tame . Thorpe , VVot . Thorpe , Lang. Thoulkford , Lewk . Tiddington , Bulling . Tive little , Wot . Tive great , Wot . Tusmore , Plough . Tythorpe , Lewk . V Vpton , Bamp . W Walcott , Chad. Warborro , Ewel . Wardenton , Banb. Warrant , Plough . Warton , Wot . WATLINGTON , Pir. Water Eaton , Wot . Waterpery , Bulling . Waterstocke , Tame . Weald , Bamp . Wendlebury , Plough . Westall hill , Chad. Westcott Barton , Wot . Weston South . Tame . Weston North , Tame . Weston on the Greene , Ploug. Westwell , Bamp . Whatley , Bulling . Whichwood Forrest , Chad. Whitfeild , Pirt. Whitchurch , Lang. Wickam , Banb. Wigginton , Blox . Wightill , Wot . Willcott , Wot . Williamscott , Banb. WITTNEY , Bamp . Witch , Chad. Wiveold , Ewel . Woodcott , Lang. Woodeaton , Bulling . WOODSTOCKE , W. Worton over , Wot . Worton nether , Wot . Wotton , Wot . Wroxstone , Blox . Wulvercott , Wot . Y Yarnton , Wot . Yellford , Bamp . GLOCESTER-SHIRE , in the Saxons Tongue , Gleaucesderschyre , lyeth bordered upon the North with Worcester and Warwick-shires , upon the East with Oxford and Wilt-shire ; upon the South altogether with Sommerset-shire : and upon the West with the River Wye and Hereford-shire . ( 2 ) The length thereof extended from Bristow upon the River Avon in her South , unto Clifford upon another Avon in her North , are about forty eight miles ; and her broadest part from East to West , is from Lechlad unto Preston , containing twenty eight : the whole circumference about one hundred thirty eight miles . ( 3 ) The forme whereof is somewhat long and narrow : the Ayre thereof is pleasant , sweet and delectable : and for fruitfulnesse of soyle heare Malmesbury and not mee : The ground of this Shire throughout ( saith he ) yeeldeth plenty of corn , and bringeth forth abundance of fruits ; the one through the naturall goodnesse only of the ground , the other through the diligent manuring and tillage , in such wise , that it would provoke the laziest person to take paines . Here you may see the High-wayes and common La●es clad with Apple-trees and Peare-trees , not engrafted by the industry of mans hand , but growing naturally of their owne accord : the ground of it self is so inclined to beare fruits , and those both in taste and beauty far exceeding others , and will endure untill a new supply come . There is not any Country in England so thicke set with Vine yards as this Province is , so plentifull of increase , and so pleasant in taste . The very wines made thereof carry no unpleasant tartnesse , as being little inferior in sweet verdure to the French Wines : the houses are innumerable , the Churches passing faire , and the Towns standing very thick . But that which addeth unto all good gifts ( a speciall glory ) is the River Severne , then which there is not any in all the Land , for Chanell broader , for Streame swifter , or for Fish better stored . There is in it a daily rage and fury of waters , which I know not whether I may call a Gulfe or Whirle-poole of waves , raising up the sands from the bottome , winding and driving them upon heapes : sometimes overflowing her bankes , roveth a great way upon the face of her bordering grounds , and againe retireth as a Conqueror into the usuall Chanell . Vnhappy is the Vessell which it taketh full upon the side : but the Water-men well ware thereof , when they see that Hydra comming , turne the Vessell upon it , and cut thorow the midst of it , whereby they checke and avoid her violence and danger . ( 4 ) The ancient people that possessed this Province , were the DOBUNI , who spread themselves further into Oxford-shire . But betwixt the Severne and Wye were seated part of SILURES , or Inhabitants of South Wales . And upon what ground I know not , let Lawyers dispute it , the Inhabitants in some part of this Shire enjoy a private custome to this day , that the goods and lands of Condemned Persons fall unto the Crown but only for a Yeare and a Day , and then returne to the next Heyres , contrary to the custome of all England besides . ( 5 ) The generall Commodities of this Shire , are Corne , Iron and Wools , all passing fine , besides Pasturage , Fruits and Woods , which last are much lessened by making of Iron , the only bane of Oke , Elme and Beech. ( 6 ) These with all other provisions are traded thorow twenty five Market-Townes in this County , whereof two are Cities of no small import : The first is Glocester , from whom the Shire taketh name , seated upon Severne , neere the middest of this Shire , by Antonine the Emperour called Glevum , built first by the Romans , and set as it were upon the necke of the Silures , to yoke them , where their Legion called Colonia Glevum , lay . It hath been walled about , ( excepting that part that is defended by the River ) the ruines whereof in many places appeare ; and some part yet standing , doth well witnesse their strength . This City was first won from the Britaine 's by Cheulin the first King of the West-Saxons , about the yeare of Christ 570. and afterwards under the Mercians it flourished with great honour , where Osrik , King of Northumberland , by the sufferance of Erhelred of Mercia , founded a most stately Monastery of Nuns , whereof Kineburgh , Eadburgh , and Eve , Queenes of the Mercians , were Prioresses successively each after other . ( 7 ) Edelfled a most renowned Lady , Sister to King Edward the elder , in this City built a faire Church , wherein her self was interred ; which being overthrowne by the Danes , was afterwards rebuilt , and made the Cathedrall of that See , dedicated unto the honour of Saint Peter . In this Church the unfortunate Prince , King Edward the second , under a Monument of Alablaster doth lye ; who being murdered at Barkley Castle , by the cruelty of French Isabel his wife , was there intombed . And not far from him another Prince as unfortunate , namely , Robert Curthose , the eldest sonne of William the Conquerour , lyeth in a painted woodden Tombe in the middest of the Quire ; whose eyes were pluckt out in Cardiffe Castle , wherein he was kept prisoner twenty six yeares , with all contumelious indignities , untill through extreame anguish he ended his life . And before any of these , in this City , say our British Historians , the body of Lucius our first Christian King was interred : and before his dayes the Britaines Arviragus . The graduation of this County I observe from this City , whence the Pole is elevated in the degree of Latitude , 52. and 14. minutes , and in the Longitude from the West 18. and 5. minutes . ( 8 ) The other City is Bristow , faire , but not very ancient , built upon the Rivers Avon and Fro●me , for trade of Merchandize a second London , and for beauty and account next unto Yorke . This City standeth partly in this County , and partly in Sommerset-shire : but being a County of it selfe , will acknowledge subjection to neither . ( 9 ) A City more ancient hath been Circester , by Ptolemy called Cerinium ; by Antonine , Durocornovium ; by Giraldus , Passerum Vrbem , The Sparrowes City , upon a flying report , that Gurmund a Tyrant from Africke , besieging this City , tyed fire unto the wings of Sparrowes , who lighting in the Towne upon light matter , set flame upon all . The circuit of whose walls extended two miles about , wherein the Consular Port or wayes of the Romans met and crossed each other . This City was won from the Britaine 's by Cheulin , first King of the West-Saxons : afterwards it was possessed by the Mercians ; and lastly by the Danes under Gurmund ( the former no doubt mistaken for him ) wherein a rable of them kept the space of a yeare , Anno 879. and never since inhabited , according to the circuit of her walles . ( 10 ) Places of memorable note are these : the Iland Alney neere unto Glocester , wherein Edmund Iron-side the English , and Canutus the Dane , after many battels and blood , fought in single combat hand in hand alone , untill they compounded for the Kingdomes partition : Barkley Castle , where King Edward the second was thorow his fundament run into his bowels with a red burning Spit : Tewkesbury , the fatall period of King Henry the sixt his government , and the wound of the Lancastrian Cause ; for in a battell there fought in Anno 1471. Prince Edward , the only son of King Henry , had his braines dashed out in a most shamefull manner , the Queen his Mother taken prisoner , and most of their favourites slaine and beheaded . And at Alderley a little Towne standing eight miles from the Severne , upon the hilles to this day are found Cockles , Periwinkles and Oysters of solid stone , which whether they have been Shel-fish and living creatures , or else the sports of Nature in her workes , let the Naturall Philosophers dispute of and judge . ( 11 ) The places of piety , set apart from other worldly Services , and dedicated to religious uses by the devotions of Princes , erected in this Shire , were Tewkesbury , Deorhust , Glocester , Minching , Barkley , Kingswood , Circester , Winchcombe and Hales ; which last was built with great cost by Richard Earle of Cornwall , King of the Romans , wherein himselfe , and his Dutchesse were interred . Their son Earle Edmund brought out of Germany the blood of Hales , supposed and said to be part of that which Christ shed upon his Crosse. In this place with great confluence and devotions of Pilgrimage it was sought to and worshipped , till time proved it a meere counterfeit , when the glorious light of the Gospell revealed to eye-sight such grosse Idolatries , and the skirts of Superstition were turned up , to the shew of her owne shame . ( 12 ) Dukes and Earles that have borne the title of Glocester , the first of every Family are by their Armes and Names within the Card expressed , ever fatall to her Dukes , though the greatest in blood and birth . The first was Thomas Woodstocke , son to King Edward the third , who in Callis was smoothered in a Feather-bed to death . The second was Humfrey brother to King Henry the fift , by the fraudulent practise of the malignant Cardinall and Queen , made away at Saint Edmundsbury , And the last was Richard , brother to King Edward the fourth , who by the just hand of God was cut off in battell by King Henry the seventh . ( 13 ) This Shires division is principally into foure parts , subdivided into thirty Hundreds , and them againe into two hundred and eighty Parish-Churches ▪ whose names are inserted in the Table upon the other part of this Card. map of Gloucestershire GLOCESTERSHIRE contriued into thirty thre seuerall hundreds & those againe in to foure principall deuisions The Citie of Glocester & Bristow discribed with the armes of such noble men as haue bene dignified with the titlles of Earles & Dukes therof HUNDREDS in Glocester-shire . 1. BErkley . 2. Grombaldashe . 3. Langley and Swinshed . 4. Thornebury . 5. Henbury . 6. Pockle-Church . 7. Kings Barton . 8. Kistgate . 9. Dirhurst . 10. Cleeve . 11. Tibolston . 12. Cheltenham . 13. Tewkesbury . 14. Westminster . 15. Slaughter . 16. Dudstone . 17. Blidesloe . 18. S. Briavels . 19. Westbury . 20. Botloe . 21. Crothem . 22. Rapsgate . 23. Whitston . 24. Britles Barrow . 25. Bradly . 26. Longtree . 27. Bisleigh . 28. Barton . 29. Wotton . 30. Glocester . A Abeall , Brad. Abenhall , Briav. Ablington , Brit. Aboteston , Pock . Acton illger , Gromb. Acton turfeile , Gromb. Addlestrape , Slaugh . Admington , Kist. Alderleigh , Gromb. Alderton , Tew . Alkington , Berk. Almondsbury , Berk. Alveston , Lang. Alvington , Blid. Ampney Donu , Croth . Ampney Holyrode , Croth . Ampney Peter , Croth . Apestrosse , Gromb. Apperley , Westmin . Arle , Chelton . Artingham , Whitst. Arlingham , Berk. Arlington , Brit. Ashchurch , Tew . Ashleworth , Berk. Ashleworth , Dud. Ashton underhill , Tib. Ashton underhill , Tew . Ashton upon Carren , Tew . Ashton Somervill , Kist. Ashton underedge , Kist. Atherston , Kist. Avening , Longt. Avon Flu. Aulston , Worcest . Coun. Te. Aulsworth , Brit. Aunsbury , Henb. Aust , Henb. Aust passage , Henb. Awre , Blid. Aylberton , Blid. Aylverton , Lang. B Badgenden , Croth . Badgeworth , Dudst. Badmanton great , Gromb. Badmanton little , Gromb. BARKLY , Berk. Barton streat , Dudst. Barnewood , Dudst. Barnsley , Botl . Barrington , Slaugh . Battesfort , Kist. Bawton , Croth . Beaverston , Berk. Bekford , Tew . Beckford , Tib. Bengrove , Tib. Bentham , Dudst. Bicknor English , Briav. Birdly , Raps . Bisley , Bisl. Bitton , Lang. Blakney , Blid. S. Blasie Chappell . Henb. Blayson , West . Bleddington , Slaugh . Bleisdone , West . Blockley of Worcest . Coun. Kist. Bodenten , Chelt . Boddington , Tew . Bowthorpe , Brit. Boxwell , Gromb. Bradley , Wotton . Bradley , Wotton . Bradston , Berk. Bradway , Kist. Bradwell , Slaugh . Brenchyate , Lang. S. Briavels , Briav. Brimsfeild , Raps . BRISTOW . Bochampton , Brad. Brockington , Cleeve . Brockworth , Dudst. Brodwell , Slaugh . Brokwer , Briav. Bromsborrow , Botl . Bruckthropp , Dudst. Buckland , Kist. Bulley , Botl . Burton on the hill , Tew . Burton on the hill , Westm. Burton super Mont. Kist. Burton on the water , Slaugh . Bybery , Brit. C Calmsden , Raps . Cambridge , Berk. CAMPDEN BROAD . Kist. Cardiffe , Tew . Cawhunborne , Kist. Cemerton , Tew . Cerney North , Raps . Cerney South Croth . Charfeild , Gromb. Charleton , Henb. Charleton , Long. Charleton Abbots , Kist. Charleton Kings , Chelt . Charringworth , Kist. Chaseley , Westm. Chedworth , Raps . CHELTONHAM , Ch. Cherington , Long. Chesell pill , Henb. Childeswickham , Kist. Chipping , Campden , Gromb. CHIPPING SODBURY , Grom . Churcham , Westb . Churchbeame , Briav. Churchdowne , Dudst. Churne Flu. CIRENCESTER , Cro. Clapton , Slaugh . Cleeve Bishops , Cleeve . Clifford , Kist. Clifford Chambers , Te. Clifton , Bart. Clurewall Beame , Briav. Cotes-would , Bisl. Coates , Croth . Codrington , Gromb. Cold Aston , Pock . Cold aston Lodge , Pock . Colford , Briav. Coln Flu. Combe , Berk. Compton , Brad. Compton greenefeild , Henb. Compton little , Dirh. Coteswowd , Bisl. Couldaston , Brad. Couldaston lodge , Chel . Cowberkley , Brad. Cowley , Berk. Cowln allines , Brit. Cowln deanes , Dirh. Cowndemill , Brad. Cown Rogers , Brad. Cownsborne , Raps . Cowly , Raps . Cranham , Raps . Crombhall , Berk. Crosse , Westmin . Crosse Court , Westmin . Crosse Wood , VVestm . Cuckerton , Long. Cundicot , Kist. Cundicott , Slaugh . Cutteiden , Kist. D Daglingworth , Croth . DEANE GREAT , Briav. Deane little , Briav. Deane Forrest , Briav. Dedmerter , Gromb. Derham , Gromb. Derham lodge , Gromb. Didbrooke , Kist. Dikston , Tew . Dirdurst , Dirh. Dirhurst walton , Westmin . Dixton , Tew . Doddington , Gromb. Dorsington , Kist. Dorsington , Kist. Douell , Longt. Doughton , Longt. Dowdeswell , Brad. Downehart henley , Dudst. Doynton , Lang. Dristeld , Croth . Dunbreton , Kist. Dunington , Slaugh . Dunsborne Abbots , Croth . Dunsborne Lyre , Raps . Dunsborne Rowse , Cro. DURSLEY , Wotton . Durham , Gromb. Durham lodge , Gromb. Dymmock , Bot. E Eastlenton , Brad. Easton , Barton . Eberton , Kist. Edgeworth , Bisl. Elberton , Berk. Elmeley , Tew . Elmore , Dudst. Elmston , Chels . Elmstree , Longt. Elston , Raps . Emington , Westmin . Estleach Marton , Brit. Estleach Turvill , Crit. Estrington , Brad. Estrington , Whitst. Evenlod , Kist. Eversholme Valley , Kist. F Farmecott , Kist. Fairefeild , Brit. Falefeild , Thorneb . Fiddington , Tew . Filton , Berk. Flaxley , Briav. Ford , Kist. Forthampton , Tew . Frampton , Bisl. Frampton Cottrell , Lang. Frampton upon Sabtin , Whitst. Framilode passage , Whitst. Fretherne , Whitst. Froceter , Whitst. Fromn Flu. Frome , Lang. G Gatcombe , Blid. Gitting Temple , Kist. Gitting nether , Kist. Gitting poore , Kist. GLOCESTER ▪ Du. Grafton , Tibol . Greet , Kist. Gretton , Kist. Grumball , Gromb. Gudderington , Cleeve . H Ham , Wotton . Ham , Wotton . Humbrooke , Lang. Hampton mirsey , Croth . Hampnet , Brad. Hamsfallow , Berk. Hangingston of Worcest . Coun. Kist. Hanham west , Barton . Hannan , Lang. Hardwick Whitst. Harescombe , Dudst. Harfeild , Whitst. Harnell , Croth . Harnhill , Croth . Hartbury , Dudst. Harwick , Westmin . Haselton , Brad. Hasfeild , Westmin . Hatherley , Dudst. Hatharpe , Brit. Hawksbury , Gromb. Hawling , Kist. The Haw passage Tew . Hayles , Kist. Hempton , Lang. Hempsted , Dudst. Henbury , Henb. Heydon , Westmin . Hidcott , Kist. Hill , Berk. Himton on the Greene , Tib. Hincham , Dudst. Hinton , Gromb. Hinton , Berk. Harefeild , Berk. Horseley , Longt. Horton , Gromb. HORWOOD , Gromb. Hucklecot , Dudst. Huelsfeild , Brit. Huntingford , Berk. Huntley , Bot. Hyde , Kist. Hynton , Kist. I S. Johns Ashes , Brad. Itcott , Lang. Itcott Ganuth , Thorneb . Iron Acton , Thorneb . Itchington , Henb. K Kempley , Botl . Kempsford , Briav. Kemmerton , Tew . Kingscot , Berk. Kingsholme , Dudst. Kings Rode ▪ Henb. Kingswood , Gromb. Kingswood Forrest , Lang. Kingweston , Berk. Kynton , Thorneb . L Lancante , Westb . Lasborow , Long. Lassington , Dudst. Laterige , Thorneb . Laverton , Kist. Lea , Briav. Leaden Flu. Leaden Court , Glocest. Leaden hight , Dudst. Leach Flu. Leckhampton , Chelt . Lecombe , Slaugh . Leighterton , Gromb. Lemington the lesse , Tew . LETCHLAD , Brit. Lilton , Dudst. Littleton , Gromb. Littleton upon Severne , Lang. Longborough , Kist. Longford , Dudst. Longhope , Botl . Longney , Whitst. Loyterton , Gromb. Luppiat nether , Bisl. Luppiat over , Bisl. Lydney , Blid. The Lye , Chelt . M Maismore , Dudst. Mangersbury , Slaugh . Mangesfeild , Barton . MARSHFEILD , Tho. Marsh-Salt , Henb. Marston , Kist. Marston Sicca , Kist. Matson , Dudst. Merton Henmersh , Kist. Mesyhampton , Croth . Mickleton , Kist. Micklewood Chase , Wotton . Milcot , Kist. MINCHING HAMPTON , Long. Minsterworth , botl . Minsterden , bisl. Moorton , Thorneb . Morton , Westmin . Morton Valence , Whitst. Mynetey , Croth . N Natton , Tew . Naunton , Slaugh . Naunton , Kist. Newent , botl . New parke , berk . Newland , briav . NEWNEHAM , botl . Newton , Tew . Newton Bagpath , berk . NEWENT ▪ botl . New worke , Wotton . New worke , Dudst. New worke , Wotton . Nimpsfield , berk . NOTHLEACH , bri . Northwaye , Tew . Northwick of Worcest . Coun. Kist. Northwick , Henb. Norton , Dudst. Notgrave , brad . Nybley North , Wotton . O Oddington , Slaugh . Oldbury , Thorneb . Oldbury , Gromb. Olveston , Lang. Osseworth , berk . Over , Dudst. Over , Lang. Onolpen , berk . Oxenden , Tew . Oxenhall , botl . Oxling , Whitst. P Pacha , Lang. Pagenhull , bisl. Pariswick , bisl. Pumington , Tew . Pantley , botl . Passage , Tew . Paxford of Worcest . Kist. Painswick Lodge . bisl. Pebworth , Kist. Pinock , Kist. Pirton Passage , blid . Pitchcombe , Dudst. Pocklechurch , Pockle . Post lip , Kist. Pulton in Wilsh Coun. Croth . Pulton , Croth . Prestbury , Dirh. Preston , Dudst. Preston , botl . Preston Croth . Preston upon Stower , Dirh. Prigne , Dudst. Q Queiton , Kist. Quevinton , brit . Quedsley , Whitst. R Radburgh , Longt. Rangeworth , Thorneb . Redwicke , Henb. Rendcombe , Raps . Ridland , Henb. Rissington great , Slaugh . Rissington little . Slaugh . Rockhampton , Lang. Rodberow , Long. Rodmarton , Longt. Ruardyne , briav . Ruddle , Westmin . Rudford , botl . Rudwick , Whitst. S Saintbury , Kist. Sandhurst , Dudst. Salperton , brad . Sarney-North , Raps . Sarney-South , Croth . Saperton , bisl. Saule , Whitst. Seasoncot , Kist. Sedgebarrow , Tew . Senhampton , brad . Settesley passage , Westb . Severne Flu. Sewdeley , Kist. Sewdeley , Kist. Sewdeley Castle , Kist. Sewdeley Parke , Kist. Shardington great , Dudst. Shardington little . Dudst. Shearhampton , He●b . Shenington , Tew . Sheperdine , berk . Sherborne , Slaugh . Sherenton , Kings . Sherston Rocke , Henb. Shipton Moigne , Longt. Shipton Olive , brad . Simonshall , berk . Slaughter the lesse , Slaugh . Slaughter the upper , Slaugh . Slimbride , berk . Snowshull , Kist. Sodbury little , Gromb. Sodbury old , Gromb. Solars , brad . Southam , Cleeve . Southorpe , brit . Southweeke , Tew . Standish , Whitst. Stanley Kings , Whitst. Stanley Leonard , Whitst. Stanley Poutlarge , Kist. Stanton , briav . Staunton , Kist. Stanway Church , Tew . Stanway Wood , Tew . Stapleton , barton . Starton , Dirh. Steanbridge , bisl. Stinchcombe , berk . Stoke , Kist. Stoke Bishops , Henb. Stoke Gifford , Henb. Stoke Lodge , Henb. Stoke Orchard , Cleeve . Stone , berk . Stone-house , Whitst. STOW on the Wowld , Slaugh . Stowell , brad . Stowicke , Henb. Streatton , Croth . STROUD , bisl. Stroud Flu. Suddington Langley , Croth . Sutton , Glocest. Sutton under brayles , Westm. Suilliat Flu. Swell the higher . Kist. Swell the lesser , Slaugh . Swindon , Chelt . Syde , Raps . Synwell , berk . Syston , Pockle . T Tadilthorpe , Slaugh . Teintons , botl . TETBURY , Longt. TEWEKE●BURY , Tew . THORNBURY , Thorn. Thormarton , brad . Throngham , b●sl . Tibberton , botl . Titherington , Thorneb . Tockington , L●●g . Todden●a● , West . Todenham , Kist. Toddington , Tew . Todington , Kist. Tormerton ▪ Gromb. Torworth , Gromb. Tuddington , Kist. Tuffley , Dudst. Tunley , bisl. Turkedean , brad . Turfeild , Gromb. Twiggeworth , Dudst. Twinning , Kist. Twyning , Tew . Treacle , Westb . Treddington , Tew . Tresham , Gromb. Tyddenham , West . Tyrley , Dirh. Tyrley , West . V Uckington , Dirh. S. Vincents R●cke , bart . Vineyard , Westmin . Uley , berk . Upleadon , botl . Upton , Longt. Upton S. Leonard , Du●st . Urcote , Swin . W Walford , Kist. Walland , Lang. Walton , Tew . Washborne Worcest . Cou. Tew . Wapliegh , Gromb. Wanswell , berk . Waynlode-hill , Glocest. Weeke , Pock . Welford , Dirh. Westall , Chelt . Westbury , West . Westbury upon Tri●n , Henb. Westcott , Slaugh . Westerleygh , Pockle . Westington , Kist. Weston Birt , Long. Weston Regis , Henb. Weston Lawrence , Men. Weston under edge , Kist. Whaddon , Dudst. Whetenburst , Whitst. Whitfeild , West . Whiteley Parke , berk . Whitmyster , Whitst. Whittington , brad . Wickrissington , Slaugh . WICKWARRE , Grom . Wickwick , Lang. Widford , Glocest. Willersey , Kist. WINCHCOMB , Kist. Windridge , Slaugh . Windrush Flu. Windrush , Slaugh . Winston , brad . Winston , bisl. Wintesborne , Lang. WITCOMBE GREAT , Dudst. Witcombe little , Dudst. Withibridge , West . Woodchester , Longt. Woodmancott , Cleeve . Woodmancott , berk . Woodmercott , Raps . Woolaston , West . Woolston , Dirh. Wormington little , Kist. Wortly , berk . Wotton , Dudst. WOTTON underedge , Wot . Wowlsworth , Longt. Wye Flu. Wyke , Puck . Wythington , brad . Y Yate , Henb. Yate , Gromb. Yartelton Hill , botl . Yeonworth , brad . HEREFORD-SHIRE , ( formerly accounted within the limits of Wales ) lyeth circulated upon the North with Worcester and Shrop-shire ; upon the East with Malverne Hils is parted from Glocester-shire ; upon the South is kept in with Monmouth-shire ; and upon the West in part with the Hatterall Hils is divided from Brecknok ; and the rest confined with Radnor shire . ( 2 ) This Counties climate is most healthfull and temperate , and soyle so fertile for Corn and Cattle , that no place in England yeeldeth more or better conditioned : sweet Rivers running as veynes in the body , doe make the corne bearing grounds in some of her parts rightly to be termed the Gilden Vale : and for Waters , Wooll , and Wheat , doth contend with Nilus , Colchos , and Egypt : such are Lemster , and Irchenfeild , the Banks of Wye , Lug , and Frome . ( 3 ) The ancient people knowne to the Romanes , ( whose power they well felt before they could subdue them ) were the Silur●s , placed by Ptolemy in this Tract , and branched further into Radnor , Brecknok , Monmouth , and Glamorgan-shires , at this day by us called South-Wales , and by the Welsh Deheuharth . Their Originall , as Tacitus conjectureth by their site , coloured countenances and curled haire , was out of Spaine , and as both he and Plinie describes them were fierce , valiant , and impatient of servitude , which well they shewed under Caratacus their Captaine , and nine yeeres scourge to the Romane assaulters , for whose onely conquest ( and that made by treachery ) the Victor in Rome triumphed with more then a usuall Aspect ; and with so equall an hand bare the Scoale of Resistance , that their owne Writers evermore terme it a dangerous Warre . For the Legion of Marius Valens they put to flight , and that with such havock of the Associates , that Ostorius the Lieutenant of Britaine for very griefe gave up his ghost : and Veranius under Nero assaulted them in vaine . But when Vespasian was Emperour , and expert Souldiers imployed into every Province , Iulius Frontinus subdued those Silures unto the Romanes , where continually some of their Legions afterward kept , till all was abandoned in Valentinians time . ( 4 ) The Saxons then made themselves Lords of this Land , and this Province a part of their Mercians Kingdome ; yea , and Sutton the Court of great Offa their King. ( 5 ) But Hereford after , raised of the ruines of old Artconium ( now Kenchester , shaken in pieces by a violent earth-quake ) grew to great fame , through a conceived sanctitie by the buriall of Ethelbert King of the East-Angles , slaine at Sutton by Offa , at what time he came thither to have espoused his Daughter ; whose grave was first made at Marden , but afterwards canonized and removed to this City , when in honour of him was built the Cathedrall Church by Milfrid , a petty King of that Country , which Grufsith Prince of South-Wales , and Algar an Englishman , rebelling against King Edward Confessor , consumed with fire ; but by Bishop Reinelin was restored as now it is , at what time the Towne was walled , and is so remaining in good repaire , having six gates for entrance , and fifteen Watch-Towers for defence , extending in compasse to fifteen hundred paces : and whence the North-Pole is observed to be raised 52. deg . 27. min in Latitude , and is set from the first point of the West in Longitude , 17. deg . and 30. min. being yeerly governed by a Major , chosen out of one and thirtie Citizens , which are commonly called the Election , and he ever after is known for an Alderman , and clothed in Scarlet , whereof foure of the eldest are Justices of Peace , graced with a Sword-bearer , a Recorder , a Town-Clerke , and foure Sergeants with Mace. The greatest glory that this Citie received , was in King Athelstans dayes ; where as Malmesbury doth report , he caused the Lords of Wales by way of Tribute , to pay yeerely ( besides Hawkes and Hounds ) . twentie pound of Gold , and three hundred pound of Silver by waight ; but how that was performed and continued I finde not . ( 6 ) Things of rare note in this Shire are said to be , Bone-well , a spring not far from Richards Castle , wherein are continually found little Fishes bones , but not a fin seene ; and being wholly cleansed thereof , will notwithstanding have againe the like , whether naturally produced , or in veynes thither brought , no man knoweth . ( 7 ) But more admirable was the work of the Omnipotent , even in our own remembrances , and yeere of Christ Jesus 1571. when the Marcley Hill in the East of this Shire , rouzed it selfe out of a dead sleep , with a roaring noise removed from the place where it stood , and for three dayes together travelled from her first site to the great amazement and feare of the beholders . It began to journey upon the seventh day of February , being Saturday , at six of the Clocke at night , and by seven in the next morning had gone fortie paces , carrying with it Sheepe in their coates , hedge-rowes , and trees ; whereof some were overturned , and some that stood upon the plaine , are firmly growing upon the hill ; those that were East , were turned West ; and those in the West were set in the East ; in which remove it overthrew Kinnaston Chappell , and turned two high-waies neere a hundred yards from their usuall paths formerly trod . The ground thus travelling , was about twentie six Acres , which opening it selfe with Rocks and all , bare the earth before it for foure hundred yards space without any stay , leaving that which was Pasturage in place of the Tillage , and the Tillage overspread with Pasturage . Lastly , overwhelming her lower parts , mounted to an hill of twelve fadomes high , and there rested her selfe after three dayes travell : remaining his marke , that so laid his hand upon this Rocke , whose power hath poysed the Hils in his Ballance . ( 8 ) Religious Houses built by the devotions of Princes , and stored with Votaries and revenewes for life , were in this Shire no lesse then thirteene , most sweetly seated in the places as followeth : at both the Herefords , Barron , Ewayot , Clifford , Monemue , Acornebury , Lemster , Lingbroke , Peterchurch , Kilpek , Dore and Wiggemore : and suspected of hypocrisie , were called in question by King Henry the eight , and so strictly pursued , that some faults were apparent , whereby they were laid open to the generall Deluge of the Time , whose streame bare down the Walles of all those foundations , carrying away the Shrines of the dead , and defacing the Libraries of their ancient Records . ( 9 ) This Countie before the Conquest being accounted in Wales , was then strengthened with Forts against the English : & being once made a Province to England , was fortified with Castles against the Welsh , wherein we finde no lesse then twenty eight , though many of them now are ruinated to nothing . Such were Alban , at both the Ewyats , Godridg , Grosmond , Herdley , Hereford , Old Castle , Dorston , Brampton , Bredwarden , Saint Biruels , Ledbury , Lenals , Snowdel , Harlewais , Huntington , Wilton , Wigmore , Richards , Monemue , Corf● , Kilbeck , Clifford , Skenefred , Witney , Radenwer , and Keneuenleis , and is traded with eight Market-Towns , being divided into eleven Hundreds , and in them seated one hundred seventie and sixe Parish-Churches , containing in compasse 102. miles . map of Herefordshire HEREFORD-SHIRE described With the true plot of the Citie Hereford ▪ as alsoe the Armes of thos Nobles that have bene intituled with that Dignitye HUNDREDS in Hereford-shire . 1. VVigmore , Hund. 2. VVolsey , Hund. 3. Brox●sh , Hund. 4. Stretford , Hund. 5. Radlow , Hund. 6. Grimsworth , Hun. 7. Greytree , Hund. 8. VVebtree , Hund. 9. Ewiaslacy , Hund. 10. Wormelow , Hun. 11. Hunlington , Hun ▪ A Akenbury , Grey . Alismoore , Web. Allmely , Stret . Altyrynis , Ewia. Amberley , Brox. Arcoppe , VVorm . Aresland , Stret . Arkeiton , Web. Arro Flu. Ashton , Wols . Asperton , Rad. Aston , VVols . Aston , Grey . Aston , Wig. Arsorton , Wig. Avenbury , Brox. Aylmystree , VVig . Aylton , Rad. B Backton , VVeb . Ballingham , VVorm . Bartestre , Rad. The Batch , Ewia. Batch , Hunl. Bearley , Stret . Bickleton , VVols . Birchall , Wols . Birrinton , Wols . Birriton , VVols . Blackmere , Web. Boddenham , Brox. Boresford Wig. Boshbury , Rad. Boulston , Worm . Boushopston , Grim. Brampton , Grey . BRAMYARD , Brox. Branstill Castle , Rad. Breadwardyne , Web. Bridgesellars , Grim. Brietley , Wols . Briestowe , Worm . Brimmeld , Wols . Bringewood chase , VVig Brobery , Grim. Brockhanton , Grey . Brockmanton , Wols . Brodward , Wols . Brompton , Wig. Brompton brian , Wig. Broxwood , Stret . Brilley , Stret . Brylley , Hunl. Brymsfeild , Wols . Brynsope , Grim. Brynton , Grim. Buckton , Wig. Bullingham upper , Web. Bullingham nether , Web. Bullington , Stret . Burfeild , Grim. Burrington , Wig. Burton , Stret . Bury , Stret . Byford , Grim. Byrche little , Worm . Byrche great , Worm . Byrdenbury , Brox. Byshopton , Grim. Byton , Wig. C Calowe , VVeb . Camberton , VVols . Canforme , Rad. Canon peon , Grim. Carsop , Grim. Cascob , VVig . Chaunston , VVeb . Chorlestre , VVeb . Clayhonger , VVeb . Cledoll , Ewia. Clyfford , Hunl. Coddington , Rad. Collington , Brox. Colwall , Rad. Combe , VVig . Covenhope , Stret . Coughton Chappell , Gre. Cowarne little , Brox. Cowarne great , Brox. Cowley , Rad. Coxall , Wig. Cradley , Rad. Craswell Chapell , Ewia. Crednell , Grim. Croft Castle , VVols . D Delwine , Stret . Deluin little , VVols . Deluin solers , VVols . Dereford Castle , VVig . Saint Deverax , VVeb . Dewchurch , Web. Dewchurch great , Wor. Dewchurch little , Wor. Dewlas , VVeb . Dewsall , VVorm . Didley , VVeb . Dockley , wols . Droier Flu. Dormington , Grey . Dorston , web . Dounton , wig . Dowre , web . Druxton , web . Dunington , Rad. Dynchill , Brox. Dyneder , web . E Eardisley , Hunling . Easbache , Rad. Eaton , wols . Eaton , Grey . Eaton Bishops , web . Ecklesall , Grey . Edwin loche , wols . Edwin raph , wols . E●ton Chapell , wols . Elstones Bridge , web . Elton , wig . Erdeslay , Stret . Eskle Flu. Eskle , Ewia. Estnor , Rad. Evington , wols . Evisbache , Rad. Eye , wols . F Farlow , wols . Fawley Chapell , Grey . Fawnehope , Grey . Felton , Brox. The Fothoke , Ewia. Fowchurch , web . Fowemynd Chapell , Ewia. Fowemynd , Ewia. Foye , worm . Frogstreet , wig . Frome Flu. Frome , Grey . Castle Frome , Rad. Bishops Frome , Rad. G Garnar Flu. Garran Flu. Garwaye , worm . Grafton , web . Grainge , wig . Gransam , Rad. Grenden Warren , Brox. Bishops Grenden , Brox. Glew●ton , worm . Gotbridge , worm . Gotheridge Castle , worm . Gunarewe , worm . H Ham , worm . Ham lacye , web . Hamnesh , wols . Hampton , Grim. Hampton , wols . Hardwicke , Hunl. Harewood , worm . Hargast , Stret . Hargast , Hunl. Harlestewas , web . Harton , wig . Hatfeild , wols . Hawood forrest , web . Hennor , wols . Henteland , worm . HEREFORD , Grim. Hereford little , wols . Hide , Brox. Hide hill , wols . West Hide , Rad. Holmer , Grim. Hongaston , web . Hope , wols . Hoplers greene , wols . Horewethye , worm . Howcaple , Grey . Howton , web . Hullingwicke , Brox. Humber , wols . Hunlington , Hunl. Huntington Chapell , Grim. Huntyngton , Stret . Huntisham , worm . Hursley , wols . I Ingham , Grey . Ingleton , Rad. Inkeston , worm . K Kenbury , worm . Kenchester , Grim. Kenderchurch , web . Kevernall , worm . Kewstope , Ewia. Kilpecke Castle , worm . Kimmalton , wols . Kings Caple , worm . Kings peone , Stret . Kingesland , Stret . Kingesland , wig . Kingsham over , wig . Kingsham nether , wig . Kingston , web . Kinnaston Chapell , Gre. Knill , wig . Kynechurch , web . KYNETON , Hunl. Kynnarsley , Stret . Kynton , wig . L Llancony , Ewia. Llandinabo , worm . Llangarran , worm . Llanrothall , worm . Llansillo , Ewia. Llanveyno Chapell , Ew . Llanwarne , worm . Llanyhangle , web . Llanyhanrleeskle , Ewia. Llattons , Grim. Lawton , wig . Laystas Chapell , wols . Nether Lee , wig . Over Lee , wig . Lea , Grey . LEMSTER , wols . Lenals Castle , Stret . Lenthall Earles , wig . Lenthall Starkes , VVig . Lentwardyne , wig . Leonhalls , Stret . Letton , wig . Letton , Stret . Limebrooke , wig . Lingan , wig . Lodan Flu. Logason , wols . Longetowne , Ewia. Longward , Rad. Luckton , wols . Ludford , wols . Lug Flu. Lugwardyne , Rad. Luntley , wols . Luston , wols . Lyde , Grim. Lydden Flu. LYDBVRY , Rad. Lydbury Forrein , Rad. Lynton , Grey . Lynton , Brox. Llytton , wig . M Madley , web . Mansfeild gamage , Grim. Marcle great , Grey . Marcle little , Rad. Marcle hill , Rad. Marden , Brox. S. Margarets , Ewia. Margast , Stret . Marlow , wig . Marstowe , worm . Marston , Stret . Marston , Brox. Hope Maunsell , Grey . Mathern , Brox. Michaelchurch , worm . Middleton , wols . Middleloyte , Ewia. Milton , Stret . Mockas , web . Moke , Stret . Monderfeild , Brox. Monington , Grim. Monmo Flu. Monnynton , web . Monsill lacy , Grims . Mordeford , Grey . Moreton Iefferes , Rad. Moorehampton , web . Morton upon lugge , Grims . Morton , wols . Moukland , Stret . Mouldley , wig . Munsley , Rad. Mychaelch●rch , Hunl. Mydlewood , Hunl. N Nash , wig . Nethwood , Brox. Newchurch , wols . Newcourt , web . Newton , Ewia. Newton , Brox. Newton , wols . Newton Welsh , wor. Newton , wig . Noke , Stret . Norton , Grims . Norton , Brox. O Ocull , Brox. Ocull pitchar , Brox. Olcon Flu. Old towne , Ewia. Old court , Ewia. Oney Flu. Orleton , wols . Over hill , wols . P Parke , Rad. Patchfeild , wig . Pedwardyne , wig . Pembridge Castle , worm . PEMBRIDGE , Stret . Pencombe , Brox. Pencoyd , worm . Penrosse , worm . Penyard Castle , Grey . Pery , Brox. Peterchurch , web . Peterstowe , worm . Piddleston , wols . Pixley Chapell , Rad. Poston , web . Preston , Brox. Preston , web . Putley Chapell , Grey . Putteley , Grey . Pype , Grims . R Castle Richards , wols . Risbury , wols . Rochford , wols . Rod , wig . ROSSE , Grey . Rosse Ferren , Grey . Rosemaund , Brox. Rotheras , web . Rowlston , Ewia. Rudhall , Grey . S Salers hope , Grey . Over Sappy , Brox. Nether Sappy , Brox. Sarnesfeild , Stret . Sarnesfeild , Wols . Sarnesfeild Coffen , Stret . Selleck , worm . Shellwicke , Grims . Shobden , VVig . Shobdon , Stret . Shorley , VVig . Snowdell Castle , Ewia. Stanbache , VVig . Stanford Kings , Brox. Stanford Bishops , Bro. Staunton , VVig . Staunton upon Wyland , Grims . Stepleton Castle , Wig. Stocklo , Stret . Stockton , Wols . Stogbach , VVig . Stogbach , VVols . Stoke , VVols . Stoke Edye , Rad. Stoke Lacy , Brox. Stoke Blish , Brox. Stouton , Stret . Stretton , Grims . Stretton , Rad. Stretford , Wols . Stretford , Stret . Suggas , Grim. Suston , Grey . Sutton , Brox. T Tadington , Rad. Tedston Dalamer , Brox. Tedston Wafer , Brox. Teneraven Chapell , Worm . Thornbury , Brox. Tregose , Grey . Tresek , Worm . Tretier , Worm . Trewin , Ewia. Triago , Worm . Tripleton , VVig . Tupsley , Grims . Turnaston , VVeb . Twyford , VVeb . Tyberton , Web. Tytley , VVig . V The golden Vale , VVeb . Vpton , VVols . Vpton , Grey . W Wackton , Brox. Wadels Flu. Walderston , Ewia. Walford , VVig . Walford , Grey . Warham , Grims . Warton , VVols . S. Waynards , VVorm . The Weares end , VVor. WEBLEY , Stret . Wellington , Grims . Weobley , Stret . Weston , Stret . Weston beggar , Rad. Weston subter , Gre. Wethington , Brox. Wheyle , VVols . Whitborne , Brox. Whitchurch , VVorm . Whitney , Stret . Witney , Hunl. Wicton , VVols . Wigmor Castle , VVig . Willersley , Stret . Wilton Castle , worm . Winforton , Hunl. Winforton , Stret . Winkcot , wols . Winssey , wols . Winslowe , Brox. Wolhope , Grey . The Worlds end , Rad. Wormebridge , web . Wormsley , Grim. Wonton , Stret . Wullferlow , Brox. Wytton , wig . Y Yarcle , Rad. Yarpoll , wols . Yasor , Grims . Yatton , Grey . Yetton , wig . WORCESTER-SHIRE , by the English-Saxons called Wir-ceasder-scyre , is a County both rich and populous , and lyeth circulated upon the North with Stafford-shire ; upon the East with Warwicke and Oxford-shires ; upon the South with Glocester-shire ; and the West by Malverne hils is parted from Hereford-shire : the rest lyeth confronted upon , and in part divided from Shrop-shire by the River Dowles . ( 2 ) The forme thereof is triangle , but not of equall proportion ; for from North to South are thirtie two miles , from South to North-west twentie two , and from thence to her North-east point are twentie eight : the whole in circumference is one hundred and twenty miles . ( 3 ) The Aire in this Shire is of a favourable temperature , that gives an appetite for labour , diet , and rest : the Soile is fertile , and to me seemed inferior to none other in this Land : for besides the abundance of Corne in every place spread , the Woods and Pasturage in her hils and plaines , sweet Rivers that , water the vallies below , & Cattle that cover the tops of higher ground ; the Fields , Hedge-rowes , and High-wayes are beset with fruitfull Peare-trees , that yeeld great pleasure to sight , & commodious use : for with their juyce they make a bastard kinde of wine , called Pe●rey , which is both pleasant and good in taste . Many Salt. Springs also this County affordeth ; yea , and more then are commonly in use : such with the Germans , our ancient Predecessors , were esteemed most sacred and holy ; so that ( as Tacitus writeth ) to such they wontedly resorted to supplicate their Gods with their devout prayers , as to places neerest the heavēs , and therefore the sooner to be heard . And Poets in their fainings , will have the Nymphs residence in shady green groves , and banks of sweet Springs : if so , then ( as Helicon ) this County affords both : such are the Forrests of Wire and Feckenham , the great woods of Norton , and most faire Chase of Malverne . And for waters , to witnesse what I say , is the Severne that cuts this Shire in the midst , Teme , Salwarp , and Avon , all of them making fruitfull their passage , and stored with Fish of most delicious taste . ( 4 ) The ancient people , possessors of this Shire , were the CORNAVII , Inhabitants of Chesse-shire , Shrop-shire , Stafford , and Warwicke-shires , subdued by the Romanes in Claudius Caesars time , and after their departure , made a portion of the Mercian-Saxons Kingdome , and in Bedaes time were called the Wicii , whereof it may be this Shire had the name : unlesse you will have it from the Salt-pits , which in old English are named Wiches ; or from the famous Forrest of Wyre . Howsoever , true it is that the County doth hold her name from her chiefe Citie VVorcester . ( 5 ) Which is most pleasantly seated , passing well frequented , and very richly inhabited . This was the Branonium , mentioned by Antonine and Ptolemie , called by the Britains , Caer-wrangon ; by Ninius , Caer-Gourcon ; by the old Saxons , Wire-ceasder ; and by the Latines , Vigornia . This Citie is seated upon the East banke of Severne , and from the same is walled in triangle-wise about , extending in circuit one thousand sixe hundred and fiftie paces : thorow which seven Gates enter , with five other Watch-Towers for defence . It is thought the Romanes built this to restrain the Britaines that held all beyond Severne . This City by Hardy Canute in the yeer of Christ 1041. was sorely endangered , and set on fire , and the Citizens slaine almost every one , for that they had killed his Collector of the Danish Tribute : yet was it presently repaired and peopled , with many Burgesses , and for fifteene Hides discharged it selfe to the Conquerour , as in his Doomesdayes is to be seene . But in the yeer 1113. a suddaine fire happened , no man knew how , which burnt the Castle and Cathedrall Church . Likewise in the civill broiles of King Stephen it was twice lighted into a flame , and the latter laid it hopelesse of recovery . Notwithstanding from those dead Ashes a new Phenix arose , and her building raised in a more stately proportion , especially the Cathedrall dedicated to S. Mary , first laid by Bishop Sexwolfe , in Anno 680. since when it hath been augmented almost to the River : In the midst of whose Quire , from his many turmoiles , resteth the body of King Iohn ( the great withstander of the Popes proceedings ) under a Monument of white Marble , in Princely Vestures , with his portraiture thereon according to life . And in the South-side of the same Quire lyeth intombed Prince Arthur the eldest sonne to King Henry the Seventh , his Monument is all black Jette , without remembrance of him by Picture . This City is governed by two Bailiffes , two Aldermen , two Chamberlaines , and two Constables , yeerely elected out of twenty-foure Burgesses , clothed in Scarlet , assisted with 48. other Citizens , whom they call their Common Counsellors , clad in Purple , a Recorder , Towne-Clerke , and five Sergeants with Mace their Attendants . Whose Geographicall Position is distant in Longitude from the West-Meridian 18. degrees , 10. scruples , having the North-Pole elevated in Latitude 52. degrees , and 32. scruples . ( 6 ) Places of further note for memorable antiquitie , is Vpton , of great account in the Romane time , where some of their Legions kept , as witnesse their monies there often found : the admirable Ditch upon Malverne hils , drawne by Gilbert Clare Earle of Glocester , to divide his lands from the Church of VVorcester : the Saxons Augustynes-ace , our Augustines Oke , where he the English Apostle met with the British Bishops for the uniforme celebration of Easter , from whence both parts departed with discontented mindes after many hot words and thwarting disputes . ( 7 ) Neither is it without admiration to me , that many places of this Shire lye farre within the Precincts of other Provinces , as Auston , Washbornes , Cuttesden , Paxford , Hanging-Easton , Northwicke , Blockley , Eurlode in Glocester-shire , and Goldcote , Aldermerston , Newbold , Treddenton , Armiscote , Blackwell , Darlings-cote , Shipton , Tydminton , Olbarrow , in Warwick shire ; Dudley in Stafford-shire , and Rochford in Hereford-shire , whither I must referre the Reader to finde out these and the like in these Westerne Tracts . ( 8 ) Religious places erected in this Shire , and devoted unto God by devout persons , were Bredon , Brodlege , Eutsholme , Alnecester , Cochell , Fladbury , Malverin , Pershore , Stodleg , Westwoods , and Worcester , plenteously provided for , and further secured by many priviledges , both which they abused , as were the inditements of all such in the dayes of King Henry the Eight , at whose Barre ( himselfe being Judge ) they were found guilty , and received sentence of their ends and destruction . ( 9 ) Castles for defence built in this County , ruinate or in strength , were Hartlebury , Holt , Handl●● , Norton , Elmeley , and Worcester , besides his Majesties Manour of Tichnell . ( 10 ) This Shires division is into seven Hundreds , wherein are seated ten Market-Towns , and one hundred fiftie two Parish Churches , as in the Table following is expressed . map of Worcestershire WORCESTER SHIRE Described HUNDREDS IN Worcester-shire . 1. HAlfe-shire Hund. 2. Doddington Hun. 3. Worcester Limits . 4. Parshor Hund. 5. Bl●kenhurst Hund. 6. Oswalderstowe Hund. 7. Upton Limits . A Aberly , Dodding . Aberley hill , Dod. Abberton , Parsh . Acton Beacham , Wor. Aldermerston , Parsh . Aldington , Blak . Alechurch , Blak . Allchurch , Wor. Alton , Dod. Arelee nether , Dod. Armiscott , Oswald . Arrowe Flu. Astley , Dod. Aston great , Oswald . Aulston , Oswald . Ausricke , Wor. B Badsey , Blak . Balton hall parke , Wor. Barrowe , Vpton . Batten hall , Wor. Bayton , Dod. BEAWDLEY , Dod. Belbroughton , Half. Bell I inn . H●lf . Bengeworth , Blak . Bentley pantefore , Half. Be●rington , Dod. Besford , Parsh . Beuley , Wor. Birlingham , Parsh . Bishampton , Osw. Blackmore , Vpton . Blackwell , Osw. Blocklie home , Osw. Blocklie , Osw. Blockleton , Dod. Chenchill Bradicott , Wor. Bradlie , Osw. Braughton , Parsh . Braunsford , Wor. Breedon , Osw. Breedon hill , Osw. Bretforton ▪ Blak . Bricklehampton , Parsh . Brodwas , Wor. Brodwey , Parsh . Brome , part of Staff. Half. BROM●SGROVE , Half. Bursley , Wor. Bushley , Vpton . C Chaddesike , Half. Chadsley , Half. Canderton , Osw. Chatleton , Osw. Chattisley , Vpton . Church hill , Half. Claynch ▪ Wor. Cleave priors , Osw. Clent , part of Staff. Half. Clent hill , part of Staff. Half. Cleve , Blak . Clevelod , Vpton . Clyfton upon Temde , Dod. Comberton great , Parsh . Comberton litle , Parsh . Coston ▪ Half. Cotheridge , Wor. Cottenden , Wor. Cowley , Wor. Cradley , Half. Crome hill , Vpton . Crome Earles , Vpton . Crome younges , Vpton . Cropthorne ▪ Osw. Crowle , Half. Crowle , Wor. Cuttesden , Wor. Cudsoim , Osw. Cuntswicke , Dod. D Dailesford , Osw. Darlingscott , Osw. Defford , Parsh . Dichford higher , Osw. Dichford middle , Osw. Dodenham , Dod. Doderhill , Half. Dormeston , Parsh . Doverdale , Half. Draicote , Osw. DRAITWICHE , Half. Drove , Osw. Dubbicott , Vpton . Dudley , Half. Dunklyn , Half. E Eastham , Dod. Eckinton , Parsh . Eld●esfeild , Vpton . Ely , part of Shrop-shire . Half. Elmbridge , Half. Elmeley lovet , Half. Elmlie Castle , Osw. Emloade , Osw. Estingten , Vpton . EVESHOLME , Blak . F Feckenham forrest , Wor. Fecknam home , Half. Fladbury , Osw. Flawell flyford , Parsh . Frankley , Half. G Goldcote parke , Blak . Grafton , Half. Grafton slyford , Parsh . Grimley , Wor. H Hadsor , Half. Hagley , Half. Hallow ▪ Wor. Hales owen , part of Shrop-shire , Wor. Hampton lovet , Half. Hampton little , Blak . Hampton great , Blak . Hadbury , Wor. Hanging Easton , Osw. Hanley childes , Dod. Hanley williams , Dod. Hanley Castle , Vpton . Hardington , Wor. Harkett , Parsh . Harkett , Half. Hartelbury Castle , Wor. Harrington , Osw. Heightington , Dod. Henlip , Wor. Hewell grange , Parsh . Himbleton , Wor. Hobb lench , Osw. Holme , Dod. Holt , Wor. Holtfast , Vpton . Church Honiboure , Blak . Hill , Osw. Hyndlipp , Wor. Hynton , Osw. I Icambe , Osw. Inckbarrowe , Osw. S. Iohns , in Bedwarden Wor. K Kemsey , Wor. Kengwick , Wor. Keyshend , Vpton . KIDDERMINSTER , Half. S. Kellams , part of Shrop-shire , Half. Kidderminster forren , Half. Kingford , Half. Kings Norton , Half. Kington , Half. Knighton , Dod. Kokesey , Half. Kyar little , Dod. Kyar warde , Dod. Kyneton , Osw. L Church Lench , Half. Lench rouse , Osw. Lenche atche , Blak . Lenche shrives , Blak . Lenche wicke , Blak . Lickey beacon , Half. Leigh , Wor. Lindridge , Dod. Littleton north , Blak . Littleton south , Blak . Littleton middle , Blak . Longdon , Vpton . Logdon , Osw. Ludley , Half. Lulsey , VVor. Lindon , Dod. Lye , VVor. M Madresfeild , Vpton . Malverne chase , Vpton . Malverne little , Vpton . Malverne great , Vpton . Mamble , Dod. Martley , Dod. Marten hongtree , VVor. Mathon , VVor. S. Michaels in Bedwarden , VVor. Mitton , Dod. Mitton , Osw. Moore , Osw. More , Dod. Moreton , Osw. Castle Morton , Vpton . Birch Morton , Vpton . Morton abbats , Blak . Mousley , VVor. Mitton , Half. N Naunton beaucham , Parsh . Netherton , Osw. Newbold , Osw. Newland , Wor. Northfeild , Half. Northwicke , Osw. Northwood , Dod. Norton , Blak . Norton , Osw. Norton wood , VVor. O Odingley , Wor. Offenton , Blak . Oldswinford , Half. Ombersley , VVor. Orlton , Dod. Overbury , Osw. Overburgh , Osw. Overley , Dod. Overton , Osw. Overton , Half. P PARSHOR S ▪ CRVCE , Parsh . Parshor Saint Andrew , Parsh . Paxford , Osw. Pedmore , Half. Pendock , Vpton . Pensham , Parsh . Pepoleton , Parsh . S. Peters , Half. Pidle , Osw. Pidle north , Parsh . Pindsen , Parsh . Pirton , Parsh . Poicke , Wor. Poole , Vpton . Q Queene hill , Vpton . R Rea Flu. Reddiche tarbig , Half. Redston passage , Dod. Roche , Dod. Russhock , Half. Russels , Half. Rybbesford , Dod. Rydmerley , Vpton . Rydmerley Oliphers , Dod. Rydmerley Adams , Dod. Rypple , Vpton . S Salwarpe , Half. Salwarpe Flu. Sedgebarrow , Osw. Severne Flu. Shraley , Dod. Shelsey Kings , Dod. Shelsey beaucham , Dod. SHIPTON upon STOWER , Osw. Sneade , Dod. Speachley , Wor. Stanford , Dod. Staunton , Vpton . Stildon , Dod. Stocke , Osw. Stokton , Dod. Stoke , Wor. Stoke prioris , Wor. Stoke Severne , Wor. Stome , Half. Storton , Dod. Stoulton , Wor. Strensham , Parsh . STVRBRIDGE , Half. Suckley , Wor. Sudbury , Wor. Sutton sturmy , Dod. T Tardbick , Half. Tenbury , Dod. Tichnell , Dod. Tidmington , Osw. Throckmorton , Osw. Totenham , Wor. Tredington home , Osw. Tybberton , Wor. V Vffenham , Blak . Vpton warren , Half. Vpton snodesburie , Parsh . VPTON upon SEVERNE , Vpton . W Walcot , Parsh . Wallashull , Parsh . Wandon , Wor. Wareley , Half. Warrenton , Wor. Washbornes , Osw. Welland , Vpton . Whitborne , Wor. Whitlady aston , VVor. Whittington , Wor. Wichbold , Half. Wichenford , Wor. Wicke , Parsh . Wicke , VVor. Wickansord , Blak . Widverton , Wor. Wire forrest , Dod. Wier , Osw. Witeley great , Dod. Witeley little , VVor. Withon Chappell , VVor. Wolbarrowe , VVor. Wolkershill , Osw. Woluley , VVor. North Wood , Dod. Woodberry hill , Dod. WORCESTER , Wor. Y Yardley , Wor. WARVVICK-SHIRE ( so called from her Shire-towne ) is bounded upon the North with the Countie of Stafford ; upon the East , with Watling-street-way is parted from Leicester-shire , and the rest bordered upon by North-hampton-shire : the South part is butted by Oxford and Glocester-shires ; and all her West with the County of Worcester . ( 2 ) The forme thereof is not much unlike to a Scallop-shell , growing from her Western-head , and spreading her body wider , with many indents . The length thereof from Newton in the North , to Long Compton in the South , are miles thirty and three : and the broadest part of this Shire , is from Hewell grange in the West , unto Hill-morton in the East , distant asunder twenty-five miles ; the whole in circumference , about one hundred thirty and five . ( 3 ) This Shire is sited neere unto the heart of all England , & therfore participates with her in the best both for aire and soil , wanting nothing for profit or pleasure for man. The South part from Avon ( that runneth thorow the midst of this County ) is called the Feldon , as more champion and tractable to be stirred for corn , which yeerly yeeldeth such plentifull harvest , that the husbandman smileth in beholding his pains , & the medowing pastures with their green mantles , so imbrodred with flowers , that frō Edg-hil we may behold another Eden , as Lot did the Plain of Iordan , before that Sodom fell . The Woodland lieth upon the North of Avon , so called in regard of the plenty of Woods ; which now are much thinner by the making of Iron , & the soil more churlish to yeeld to the Plough . ( 4 ) The ancient people that possessed this Province , are by Ptolemies descriptiō called the Cornavii , wherin after were seated the Mercian Saxons , a part of whose Kingdome it was , & greatly sought after by the West Saxons , whose King Cuthred about the year of Christ Jesus 749. in battle slew Ethelbald at Seckington neere unto Tamworth . And not farre from thence King Edward 4. as unfortunately sought against that stout make-king , Richard Nevil Earle of Warwicke : neere unto which , upon Blacklow hill , Pierce Gaveston ( that proud and new raised Earle of Cornwal ) was beheaded by Guy Earle of Warwick assisted with the Earls of Lancaster and Hereford . And surely , by the testimony of Iohn Rosse and others , this County hath been better replenished with people ; who maketh complaint of whole townships depopulations , altogether laid waste by a puissant Armie of feeding sheep . ( 5 ) Notwithstanding , many faire Towns it hath , and some of them matchable to the most of England . The chief thereof is Coventree , a City both stately for building , and walled for defence : whose Citizens having highly offended their first Lord Leofricke , had their priviledges infringed , & themselves oppressed with many heavy tributes ; whose wife Lady Godiva pitying their estates , uncessantly sued for their peace , and that with such importunacy , as hardly could be said whether was greater , his hatred , or her love : at last overcome with her continuall intercessions , he granted her suit , upon an uncivil , and ( as he thought ) an unacceptable cōdition , which was , that she should ride naked thorow the face of the City , and that openly at high noon-day . This notwithstanding she thankfully accepted , & performed the act accordingly enjoyned : for this Lady Godiva stripping her self of all rich attire , let loose the tresses of her faire haire , which on every side so covered her nakednesse , that no part of her body was uncivill to sight , whereby she redeemed their former freedoms , and remission of such heavy tributes . Whose memory I wish may remain honorable in that City for ever , & her pity followed by such possessing Ladies . This City had grant to chuse their yeerly Magistrates , a Maior & two Bailiffes , and to build about and embattle a wall , by K. Edward 3. whom Henry 6. corporated a County of it self , & changed the names of their Bailiffs unto Sheriffs : and the wals then were built as they now stand ; thorow which open 13. gates for entrance , besides 18. other Towers thereon for defence . At Gofford gate in the East hangeth the shield-bone of a * wild Bore , farre bigger then the greatest Oxebone : with whose snout the great pit called Swanswel was turned up , and was slain by the famous Guy , if we will beleeve report . ( 6 ) Next unto this City in account & commerce , is Warwick , upon the North-west banke of Avon , built by Gurgunstus the sonne of Beline , as Iohn Rosse , Monk of the place , saith , 375. yeares before the birth of Christ : by Ninius called Caer-Guaruic and Caerleon ; by the Saxons , Warryng-wyc ; and by learned Cambden judged to be PRAESIDIUM , the Roman Garisons Towne . The situation of this place is most pleasant , upon a hill rising from the River , over which is a strong and faire Stone-bridge , and her sharpe streame upon the Towne side checked with a most sumptuous and stately Castle , the decayes whereof , with great cost and curious buildings , the right worthy Knight Sir Foulke Grivel ( in whose person shineth all true vertue and high nobilitie ) hath repaired : whose merits to me-ward I do acknowledge , in setting this hand free from the daily imployments of a manual trade , and giving it full libertie thus to expresse the inclination of my mind , himselfe being the Procurer of my present estate . It seemeth this Town hath been walled about , as appeareth by the Trench in some places seen , and two very faire gates whose passages are hewed out of the Rock , as all other into the Town are : over whom two beautifull Chapels are built ; that towards the East called S. Peters , and that on the South-west , S. Iames. Two faire Churches are therein seated , called S. Maries , and S. Nicholas : but these in , and about the Towne suppressed , S. Laurence , S. Michaels , Iohn Baptist , and Iohn of Ierusalem , beside the Nunnery in the North of the Town : whose North-Pole is elevated in Latitude 52. degrees , 45. minutes , and is seated from the first point in the west of Longitude , 18. degrees and 45. minutes , being yearly governed by a Bailiffe , twelve Brethren , twenty-foure Bugesses for Common Counsel , a Rocorder , a Town-clerke , and one Sergeant their Attendant . ( 7 ) Places of most memorable note observed in this Shire , are Shugbury , where the precious stone Astroites is found : Of-Church , which was the Palace of great Off a the Mercian , and the buriall-place of S. Fremund his sonne : Chesterton , where the famous Fosse-way is seen . At Leamington , so far from the Sea , a Spring of Salt-water boileth up : and at Newenham Regis most soveraigne water against the Stone , Greene wounds , Vlcers , and Impostumes , and drunk with Salt looseth , but with Sugar bindeth the body : and turneth wood into stone , as my selfe saw by many sticks that therein were fallen , some part of them Ash , and some part of them Stone : and Guy-cliffe , where the famous Earle Guy , after many painfull exploits atchieved , retired , and unknown , led an Hermits life , and was lastly there buried . ( 8 ) The chiefest commodities in this County growing , are corn , wherof the Red-horse Vale yeeldeth most abundantly ; wools in great plenty ; woods and iron , though the producer of the one will be the destuction of the other . Such honorable Families as have bin dignified with the Earldome of this Shire-townes name since the Normans Conquest , in the Map it selfe are inserted , and by their severall names expressed . This County is strengthened with eight strong Castles , traded with fifteen Market-towns , inriched with many faire buildings , and by the devotion of many Nobles , had many foundations of religious Monasteries therein laid . The chiefe were at Stoneley , Warwick , Thellisford , Roxhall , Balshall , Killingworth , Coventree , Combe , Nun-eaton , Asley , Atherston , & Pollesworth ; all which came to their period in the reign of King Henry 8. when their rich Revenewes were alienated to his use , and those stately buidings either overturned or bestowed upon his Courtiers : but yet to Gods glory , and his divine service , one hundred fifty eight Parish-Churches therein remain , dispersedly seated in the five Hundreds of this Shires division . map of Warwickshire THE COUNTI OF WARWICK THE SHIRE TOWNE AND CITIE OF COVENTRE described HUNDREDS in Warwick-shire . 1. HEmlingford . 2. Coventree . 3. Knightlow . 4. Barlichwaye . 5. Kington . A Alne Lodge , Barlich . Amington , Heml. Alesley , Heml. Anker Flu. Anstie , Covent . Ardbury , Hem. Areley , King. Arrow , Bar. Ashborne , King. Ashoe , Knight . Ashow , Knight . Ashton Cantlow , Bar. Astley , Knight . Atherston , Hem. Attleburrow , Hem. AVLCESTER , Ba. Aulston , Bar. Austre , Hem. Auntley , Hem. Avon Flu. Awsley , Knight . B Badgesley Enesot , Hem. Badgesley Clinton , Hem. Bagginton , Knight . Baliall , Hem. Barceston , King. Barford , King. Barkswell , Hem. Barmington , King. Barnacle , Knight . Barterley , Hem. Barston , Hem. Barton on the Heath , King. Bassets Crosse , Hem. Bastet , Hem. Beauchams Courts Bar. Bearlye , Bar. Bedworth , Knight . Bensford Bridge , Knig. Bentley , Hem. Bewinton , Bar. Bewsall , Bar. Bickenhull , Hem. Bilsley , Bar. Bilton , Knight . Binley , Knight . Birminghams , Hem. Birminghams Aston , Hem. Bishopton , Bar. BITFORD , Bar. Blithe Flu. Bolehall , Hem. Boreton upon Dunsmore , Knight . Bourne Flu. Bramcote , Hem. Brandon , Knight . Brannot , Knight . Brayles , King. Bretford , Knight . Brettshall , Hem. Bridgton , Bar. Brincklowe , Knight . Brome , Bar. Bromwich Castle , Hem. Brownsover , Knight . Bubnell , Knight . Budbrooke , Bar. Bulkinton , Knight . Burdingbury , Knight . Burnesebrome , Bar. Burton Hastings , Knigh. Old Bury , Hem. Bynton , Bar. C Calendon , Covent . Canston hill , Knight . Canwall , Hem. Caresly , Covent . Caton Bridge , Hem. Cawcot , Hem. Chadshunt , King. Charlecott , King. Chase , Knight . Cherington , King. Chesterton , King. Chester over , Knight . Chilvers Cotten , Hem. Church over , Knight . Church Lawford , Knight . Cardon , Bar. Cliff , Hem. Clifton , Knight . Clopton , Bar. Clowdiesley Bush , Knight . Cobley , Bar. Cofeld VVast , Hem. Combe Abbey , Knight . Combroke , King. Compton long , King. Compton in the hole , King. Colesnul , Hem. Compton Fenny , King. Compton Mardock , King. Copston , Knight . Corley , Hem. Cosford , Knight . Coton , Hem. Coughton , Bar. Counden , Knight . COVENTREE , Cov. Cubbington , Knight . Curdworth , Hem. D Dasset Avon , King. Dasset Burton , King. Dastell , Hem. Dracot , Knight . Drayton , Bar. Dudson Parke , Hem. Dudson Hall , Hem. Dunchurch , Knight . Dunnington , Par. Dunsmere Heath , Knig. Dutton , Hem. E Eatington nether , King. Eatington over . King. Etteleshall , Covent . Edgebaston , Hem. Edmondscot , Knight . Edson , Bar. Elinedon , Hem. Escote , Hem. Esenhull , Knight . Ethorpe , Knight . Exall , Bar. Exall , Covent . F Farnebrowe , King. Faseley , Hem. Fillongley , Hem. Flanders , Hem. Fleckno , Knight . Fletchamsted , Hem. Fokeshill , Covent . Fordhall , Bar. Foxcott , King. Francton , Knight . Freasley , Hem. G Geydon , King. Glascote , hem . Goldscots Parke , King. Goodrest Lodge , Knight . Grafton Temple , Bar. Granborow , Knight . Graves , hem . Grimdon , hem . Grove , bar . Guilsdon , hem . Guy-Cliffe , King. H Hallaton , hem . Halford , King. Hallend , hem . Hampton in Arden , hem . Hampton Lacye , bar . Hampton Bishops , bar . Hampton Curlew , bar . Harberhury , Knight . Harborow great , Knigh. Hartshill , hem . Harwicke priors , King. Haseley , barl . Hasseller , barl . Hatton , barl . Hawford , King. HENLEY in Arden , barl . Henwood , hem . Hewell Grange , barl . High Crosse , Knight . Hill , hem . Hill , Knight . Hillmorton , Knight . Hodnell , Knight . Holt , hem . Honington , King. Honyngham , Knight . Hopsford , Knight . Horeston , hem . Hunnyley , barl . Hurley , hem . I Idlicott , King. Ilmington , king . Ipsley , barl . Itchington long , knight . Itchington Bishops , knight . K KENELWORTH , Kn. Kenelworth Duchy Castle , king . Kerby Monks , knight . KINETON , king . Knightcote , King. Kingsbury , Helm . Kingsbrome , Bar. Kingshurst , Hem. Kingswood , Hem. Knowle , Hem. Kynnerton , Bar. L Ladbrocke , knight . Langley , Barl. Langdon hall , Hem. Langley , Hem. Lapworth , king . Church Lawford , Knight . Lawford long , knight . Lea , Hem. Leame Flu. Leeke wotton , knight . Lemington priors , knight . Lemington hastings , knigh . Lighthorne , King. Littington , knight . Loxley , Barl. Luddington , Barl. M Makestoke Castle , Hem. Maney , Hem. Maner , Hem. Manceter , Hem. Matchife , Barl. Marson Culy , Hem. Marson Inbett , knight . Marson Burton , knight . Marson Priors , king . Marson Buttles , king . Marton , knight . Maxstock , Hem. Merevale , Hem. Meriden , Hem. Milverton , knight . Minworth , Hem. Mollinton , king . More-hall , Hem. Morehall , Barl. Morton Meriall , king . Morton Baggot , Barl. Moxhall , Hem. Mulcote Abbey , Hem. Myddleton , Hem. Mylcotte , Barl. N Napton on the Mount , king . Newbold , king . Newbold upon Avon , king . New-hall , Hem. New-Inne , Hem. Newenham , knight . Newenham Kings , knight . Newton , Hem. Newton , knight . Northend , king . Norton Curlew , Barl. Norton Lynsey , Barl. Nun-eaton , Hem. Nuthurst , king . O Of-church , knight . Water Orton , Hem. Ouldbarrow belonging to Worcestershire . Bar. Oulnall , Barl. Oxhill , king . P Packington great , Hem. Packington little , Hem. Packwood , King. Pailton , knight . Parke hall , Hem. Pillerton nether , king . Pillerton over , king . Pinley Grove , Barl. Preston Bagott , Barl. Princethorp , knight . Pollesworth , Hem. Poolley , Hem. Q Queenes Parke , Heml. R Radford Semeley , knight . Radford , Covent . Radway , king . Ragley , Bar. Ratley , kingt . Ridfen , hem . Riton , knight . Rowington , Barl. Rownd Alne , Barl. Roxall , Barl. RVGBY , knight . S Salford Abbots , Barl. Salford Priors , Barl. Samborne , Barl. Seckington , hem . Sherburne Flu. Sherburn , Barl. Sherford , knight . Sheldon , hem . Shilton , knight . Shystoke , hem . Shotswell , kingt . Shrowley , Barl. Shuckborow nether , King. Shuckborough upper . king . Shuttington , hem . Skiltes , Bar. Snytterfeild , Bar. Spernall , Barl. Solihul , hem . Sowe , knight . Sowe , Covent . Sowe Flu. SOWTHAM , king . Stivechall , Covent . Stockingford , hem . Stockton , knight . Stoke , Covent . Stoneley , knight . Stoneley Abbey , knight . Stratford old , Barl. Stratford upon Avon , Bar. Stretton , knight . Stretton , king . Stretton under Fosse , knight . Studlyffe , Barl. SVTTON COFELD , Hem. T Tachbroke Mallery , knight . Tachbroke Bishops , king . Tame Flu. Tamworth , hem . Tamworth , king . Temple Grafton , Bar. Thurlaston , Knight . Tiddington , Barl. Tost , knight . Tuttwell , Barl. Tysoe , king . V Vfton , knight . Vmbersley , king . Vpton , king . W Walton , king . Wapenbury , knight . Wardend , hem . Warmeley , hem . Warmington , king . WARWICKE , king . Wasperton , king . Wawins Wotton , Barl. Weddington , hem . Wedgenocle Parke , knight . Weethley , Bar. Weslborne Montford , king . Welsborne hasting , king . Weston in Arden , knight . Weston in the thistles , king . Weston under Wetherley , king . Wethirbroke , knight . Whatly , hem . Whatcott , king . Whetacre nether , hem . Whetacre over , hem . Whitchurch , king . Whitley , knight . Whitmore parkes , Covent . Whitmash , knight . Whittington , hem . Wibtost , knight . Wickelssord , Bar. Wigginshill , hem . Willey , knight . Willenhall , knight . Willincote , hem . Willowbye , knight . Winderton , king . Wishaw , hem . Witchford , king . Witherley , hem . Withibroke , knight . Witton , hem . Wolhamcott , knight . Wolford , king . Wolvershill , knight . Wolverton , Bar. Wolvey , knight . Woodlaw , knight . Wormleighton , king . Wulfencote , knight . Wulston , knight . Wy●en , Covent . Y Yarnton Hall , Heml. NORTHAMPTON-SHIRE situated neere unto the middest of England , by the Saxons was written Norþafendonscire , lieth separated upon the North from Lincolne-shire by the River Weland ; from Huntington-shire on the East is parted by the water Nene : her South is bounded with Buckingham and Oxford-shires , and the West from Warwick with Watling-street-way , Avon and Weland , is divided from Leicester shire . ( 2 ) The forme of this County is large and narrow , broadest in the South-west ; and thence shooting still lesser like unto a Horne , nor not much unlike to the forme of Cornwall : and from the entrance of Cherwell into this shire , unto the fall of Weland and Nene neere unto Crowland , are by measure fourtie sixe miles ; and the broadest part is from Ouse unto Avon , which is not fully twenty : the whole in circumference one hundred and nineteene miles . ( 3 ) The aire is good , temperate , and healthfull : the soile is champion , rich , and fruitfull , and so plenteously peopled , that from some Ascents , thirty Parish Churches , and many more Windmilles at one view may be seene : notwithstanding the simple and gentle sheepe , of all creatures the most harmelesse , are now become so ravenous , that they begin to devoure men , wast fields , and depopulate houses , if not whole Town ships , as one merrily hath written . ( 4 ) The ancient people knowne to the Romanes , and recorded by Ptolemy , were the Coritani , who possessed this County , and were branched further thorow Leicester , Lincolne , Nottingham , Rutland , and Darb●e-shires : these joyning with the Icenians , with them were fettered with the chaines of subjection when for Claudius , Publius Ostorius Scapula entred his Lieutenantship in Britaine , and in battle subdued all betwixt the Rivers Nene and Sabrina . But when the Romans were content to let go that which so long was desired , and had cost so much in the getting , the Saxons , a most warlike Nation , put into these parts , and made it a portion of their Mercian Kingdome : but their government also grown out of date , the Normans seated themselves in these faire possessions , the branches of whose Stems are spread abroad in these parts , most fruitfull and faire . ( 5 ) Commodities arising in this Shire , are chiefly gotten by tillage and plough , whereby corn so plentifully aboundeth , that in no other County is found more , or so much : the pastures and woods are filled with Cattle , and every where sheepe loaden with their fleeces of wooll . ( 6 ) The chiefe Towne in this Shire is Northampton , whereof the County taketh name , which for circuit , beauty , and building , may be ranked with the most of the Cities of our Land. It is seated at the meeting and confluence of two Rivers , the greater whereof beareth to name Nen. This Towne hath beene built all of Stone , as by many foundations remaining to this day is seen , and is walled about both strong and high , excepting the West , which is defended by a River parted into many streames . In the depredations of the Danes , Suen their King set this Town on fire , and afterwards it was sorely assaulted by the disobedient Barons of King Iohn , who named themselves The Army of God : but the loyaltie of this Towne stood nothing so sure unto King Henry his sonne , whence the Barons with displayed Banners sounded the Battle against their Soveraign . And yet after this a wofull field of Englands civill division was fought , whence Richard Nevel the stout Earle of Warwicke , led away prisoner that unfortunate man King Henry the sixth . Upon the West part of this Towne standeth a large Castle , mounted upon an hill , whose aged countenance wel sheweth the beautie that she hath borne , and whose gaping chinkes doe daily threaten the downe-fall of her walles . To this upon the South the Towns wall adjoyneth , and in a rouud circuit meeteth the River in the North , extending in compasse two thousand one hundred and twenty pases : whose site so pleased the Students of Cambridge , that hither they removed themselves upon the Kings Warrant , in mind to have made it an Universitie : from whence the North-Pole is elevated 52. degrees , 36. scruples for Latitude , and in Longitude is removed from the West 19. degrees and 40. scruples ; being yearly governed by a Maior , two Bailiffes , 12. Magistrates , a Recorder , Towne-Clerke , a Common-Councell of fourtie eight Burgesses , with five Sergeants to execute businesse . ( 7 ) But the devotions of the Saxon Kings made Peterborow more famous , formerly called Meddeswell , where Wolphere King of Mercia began a most stately Monasterie to the honour of S. Peter , for satisfaction of the bloud of his two sonnes , whom he had murdered in case of Christianity : but himselfe being for the like made away by his mother , his brother Penda continued the worke , with the assistance of his brother Ethelred , and two sisters Kineburga and Kineswith . This among the Danish Desolations was cast downe , yet was it againe restored to greater beautie by Ethelwold Bishop of Winchester , with the help of King Edgar , and of Adulph his Chancellor , who upon prick of conscience , that in bed with his wife had over-laid and smoothered an infant their onely son , laid all his wealth upon the reedifying of the place , and then became Abbot thereof himselfe . The Cathedrall is most beautifull and magnificall , where in the Quire lie interred two unfortunate Queenes : on the North side Katharine Dowager of Spaine , the repudiate wife of King Henry the eight , under an Hearse covered with black Saye , having a white Crosse in the midst : and on the South side , Mary Queene of Scotland , whose Hearse is spread over with black velvet . The Cloister is large , and in the glasse-windows very curiously portrayed the History of Wolthere the Founder , whose Royall Seat was at Wedon in the street converted into a Monasterie by S. Werburg his holy daughter , and had beene the Roman Station , by Anto●ine the Emperour called Bannavenna . So likewise Norman-chester was the ancient City Durobrivae , where their Souldiers kept , as by the monies there daily found is most apparent . ( 8 ) Houses of Religion devoted to Gods Service by the pious intents of their well-meaning Founders , were at Peterborow , Peakirke , Pipewell , Higham , Davintree , Sulby , Sausecombe , Sewardesleg , Gare , S. Dewy S. Michell , Luffeild , Catesby , Bruch , Barkley , Finshed , Fathringhay , Wedon , and Withrop , besides them in Northampton , all which felt the stormes of their owne destruction that raged against them in the reigne of K. Henry the eight , who dispersed their revenewes to his owne Coffers and Courtiers , and pulled the stones asunder of their seeming ever-sure Foundations ; and in the time of young Edward , his sonne , whose mind was free from wronging the dead , the Tombes of his own Predecessours were not spared , when as Edward slain at Agincourt , and Richard at Wakefield , both of them Dukes of Yorke , were after death assaulted with the weapons of destruction , that cast downe their most faire Monuments in the Collegiate Church of Fatheringhay Castle . ( 9 ) Eight Princely Families have enjoyed the title of the Earledome of Northampton , whereof the last , Henry Hayward late Lord Privie Seale , a most honourable Patron to all learned proceedings ( that I may acknowledge my dutifull and humble service ) hath most honourably assisted and set forward these my endevours . ( 10 ) This Shires division , for service to the Crowne , and imployments of business , is into twenty Hundreds , hath been strengthened with ten Castles , and is still traded with ten Market-Townes , and God honoured in three hundred twenty sixe Parish Churches . map of Northamptonshire NORTHAMTON SHIRE HUNDREDS in Northampton-shire . 1. NAssaburgh . 2. Willibrook . 3. Corby . 4. Polbrook . 5. Navisford . 6. Huxloe . 7. Rothewell . 8. Guilesburrowe . 9. Orlington . 10. Fansley . 11. Newbottlegrove . 12. Spelhoe . 13. Hamfordshoe . 14. Highamferyes . 15. Wymersley . 16. Towcester . 17. Warden . 18. Norton , 19. Cleley . 20. Sutton . A Abbington , Spel. Ac●urch , Navisford . Addington great , Hux. Addington little . Hux. Adston , Norton . Adthorpe Tow. Aldrington , Cle. Althorpe , New. Apethorpe , Willi. Archester , High. Ardingworth● Roth. Armelton , Polb . Artleboro , Hux. Ashbie cold , Guil. Ashbie cannones , Nort. Ashbie Leyors , Faust. Ashbie Oneeres , Ham. Ashlie , Cor. Ashton , Cle. Ashton , Pol. Ashton , Nass . Ashton , War. Ashtree , War. Aslael , Sut. Aubery hill , Fausl. Avon-well , Roth. Ayner , Sut. B Badby , Faus . Baddington , Nass . Badston , Sut. Barbie , Faus . Barnack , Nass . Barnwell S. Andrewes , Pol. Barton , Ham. Barton Segrave , Hux. Basset Sutton , Cor. Baynton , Nas. Beckie weedon , Faus . Benifeld , Pol. Billing great , Spel. Billing little , Spel. Bladerwick , Cor. Blakesley , Nor. Blysworth , Wym . Boddingtones , War. Botheresthorpe , Wym . Boughton , Hux. Bowden little , Roth. Boziet , High. Barbrooke , Roth. BRACKLEY , Sut. Braddyn , Nort. Brampton , Cor. Bramptones , New. Bramston , Faus . Braynfeild , Wym . Bringtones , New. Brixtoke , Cor. Brixworth Orl. Brockhold , New. Bromfeild , High. Broughton , Orl. Buckby long , Guil. Buckton , Sp●l . Bugbroke , New. Bullwick , Cor. Burecote , Tow. Burghley , Nas. Burnewell Al-saints , Hux. Buton Lattmer , Hux. Byfeild , War. C Caldecon , High. Caldecote , Tow. Capes preston , Faus . Carleton , Cor. Castle Ashbie , Wym . Castor , Nas. Catesbie , Faus . Chalcombe , Sut. Charleton , Sut. Charwell Flu. Charwelton , Faus . Chelveston , High. Cheney middleton , Sut. Chipping Warden ▪ War. Clapton , Nau. Claylaton , Guil. Cliffe parke , Wil. Clipstonn , Roth. Cognihey , Wym . Collingtree , Wym . Colliweston , Wil. Corby , Cor. Coughton , Sut. Cosgrave , Cle. Costhorpe , Nas. Cottesbrooke , Guil. Cottestocke , Wil. Cottingham , Cor. Cotton end , Wym . Courten hall , Wym . Cranford , Hux. Craneseley , Orl. Creton , Guil. Cricke , Guil. Croughton , Sut. Culworth , Sut. D Daddington , Ham , Dallington , New. Danes more , Wa● . DAVINTREE ▪ Faus . Dene , Cor. Denethorpe , Cor. Denford , Hux. Denshanger , Cle. Deping east , Nas. Desborowe , Roth. Deynton , Wym . Dingely , Cor. Dodferd , Faus . Dodington , Wil. Dowbridge , Guild . Draughton , Roth. Dunston , New. E Eastfeild , Nas. Easton , Wil. Easton maudall , High. Eaton , Spel. Ecton , High. Edgecote , War. Elton , Wil. Emington , Pol. Eston , Cle. Etton , Nas. Evenlie , Sut. Everdons , Faus . Eya , Nas. Eydon , War. Eylesworth , Nas. F Farnedon , Roth. Fanesley , Faus . Farthingston , Faus . Favill weston , Spel. Faxton , Orl. Femingho , Sut. Fine , New. Finshedd , Cor. Flackleton , Wym . Flower , New. Fortherninghay , Wil. Fortherninghay park , W. Further , Cle. Fynford , Sut. G Gayton , Tow. Geddington , Cor. Glapthorne , Wil. Glinton , Nas. Grafton underwood , Hux. Grafton Regis , Cle. Greves norton , Nort. Gretton , Cor. Gryndon , Wym . Grymscott , ●ow . Grytworth , War. Gulbries yardley , Cle. Guilesborowe , Guil. Gunthorpe , Nas. H Haddon East , New. Haddon West , Guil. Hanging Houghton , Orling . Hardingston , Wym . Hardwick , Orling . Hardwyll , Cle. Hargrave , High. Harington , Roth. Haringworth , Cor. Harleston , New. Harpole , New. Harrendon great , Orling . Harrendon little Orling . Hastings yordley , Wym . Hasseboche , Roth. Havington , Orling . Hellinden , Faus . Helmedon , Sut. Hemmyngton , Pol. Helpeston , Nas. Hetherwest , Cle. Heryfords , New. Higham cold , Tow. HIGHAM FERYES , H. Hisham , Orling . Holdenby , New. Holcott , Ham. Hoothorpe , Roth. Houghton great , Wym . Houghton little , Wym . Horton , Wym . Hulcot , Cle. Hynton , Sut. I S. James , New. Imley , Sut. Irlingborough , Hux. Islippe , Hux. K Kellemarshe Roth. KETTER , Hux. Killingburye , New. Kings , Sut. Kingestorpe , Spel. Kingscliff , Wil. Kirkby , Cor. Killesbies , Faust. L Langport , Orling . Laxston , Cor. Lillford , Hux. Lillingston Lovell , Cle. Loddington , Roth. Longthorpe , Nas. Lubnam Thorpe , Roth. Luddington , Pol. Luffwick , Hux. Lutton , W●l . Lyfden , Navis . Lyfeild , Navis . Lylborne , Guil. Lytchbarrow , Faust. M Maidwell , Roth. Maiser Thorpe , Roth. Mandevill Thorpe , Sut. Marham , Nas. Marston Laurenes , Sut. Marston Trussell , Roth. Maxey Castle , Nas. Maydford , Nort. Middleton Cheney , Sut. Middleton , Cor. Moulton , Spel. Morton Pynchney , Nort. Mylton , Wym . Mylton , Nas. N Nasebye , Guil. Nassington , Wil. Nerboro , Nas. Newarke , Nas. Newbottle , New. Newbottle , Sut. Newnham , Fausl. Newton , High. Newton , Cor. Newton wood , Wil. NORTHAMPTON , N. Norburghe , Nas. Norton , Fausl. Nyne , Flu. O Ocley great , Cor. Ocley little , Cor. Oldwincle , Hux. Orlingburie , Orl. Onlie , Fausl. Orton , Roth. Overcote , Fausl. Overton , Spel. OVNDLE , Pol. Oxenden great , Roth. Oxney , Nas. P Pantlerspurie , Cle. Passengham , Cle. Paston , Nas. Patteshall , Tow. Peakirke , Nas. PETERBVRGH , Nas. Pilkton , Navis . Pillesgate , Nas. Pipwell , Cor. Polbrooke , Pol. Potterspurie , Cle. Preston , Wym . Preston Capes , Fausl. Pyddington , Wym . Pynckney Morton , Nort. Pysforde , Spel. Pytchley , Orling . Q Quynton , Wym . R Radston , Sut. Raunsthorpe , Spel. Raundes , High. Ringsted , High. Rockingham , Cor. Rockingham forest , Cor. Rode , Cle. Rothewell , Roth. Rusheden , High. Rushton , Roth. S Sawcey forrest , Wym . Scaldwell , Orling . Sibbertost , Roth. Singlesale Nas. Slayton , Nort. Slipton , Hux. Sowthorpe , Nas. Spratton , Spel. Stamford , Wil. Stanford , Guil. Stanwick , High. Stanyone ▪ Cor. Staverton , Fausl. Steane , Sut. Stoke Albony , Cor. Stoke Bruerne , Cle. Stoke dayly , Navis . Stowe , Fausl. Stuttesburie , Sut. Stoyxton , High. Sudborow , Hux. Sulbye , Guil. Sulgrave , War. Suly lodge , Nas. Suthwicke , Wil. Sutton , Nas. Sutton Basset , Cor. Syersan , Sut. Sylverton , Nort. Sylverton , Cle. Sywell , Ham. T Tansover , Wil. Thingdon , Hux. Thornebie . Thornehawe , Nas. Thorney mill , Nas. Thorpe , Navis . Thorpe Lubnam , Roth. Thorpe underwood , R. THRAPSTON , Navis . Thurnyng , Pol. Titchmarsh , Navis . Titon , New. TOWCESTER , Tow. Trafford , War. Trussell marston ▪ Roth. Twywell , Hux. Tyffeild , Tow. V Vfford , Nas. Vxton , Nas. Vpton , New. W Waddenhoe , Na● . Wakenley , Cor. Walgrave , Orl. Walmesford , Nas. Walton , Nas. Walton , Nas. Wappenham , Sut. Warkton , Hux. Warkworth , Sut. Warmington , Wil. Warmington , Pol. Watford , Guil. Weedon , Nort. Weedon beckie , Faus . Weekely , Cor. Weland Flu. Weldon great , Cor. Weldon little Cor. WELLINGBOROVGH , H. Welton , Faus . Werington , Nas. Weston , Nort. Weston , Cor. Weston favill , Spel. Whilton , New. Whiston , Wym . Whitfeild , Sut. Whitleburye , Nort. Whittlewood forest , N. Wickiie , Cle. Wigesthorpe , Hux. Wickins , Cle. Wil bee , Ham. Wilbaston , Cor. Wilford , Guil. Winwicke , Pol. Wittering , Nas. Wittering heath , Nas. Wood newton , Wil. Woodcroft , Nas. Woodend , Nort. Woodford , War. Woodford , Hux. Woollaston , High. Wotton , Wym . Wowld , Orl. Wynwick , Guil. Y Yardley gubbens , Cle. Yardley hastings , Wym . Yarwell , Wil. Yelvertost , Guil. HUNTINGTON-SHIRE , of olde Hundedunescyre ( part of the Iceni under the Romane Monarch of Mercia in the Saxon Heptarchy ) is severed with Nene , the North-bounder from Northampton-shire , to which it in part adjoyneth West , from Bedford and Cambridge , by mearing Towns on the South ; and from Ely , by a sence of water East , the worke of Nature , Benwicke Streame , or of Art , Canuius De●●h : severed when Alfred , or before him , Ossa shared the open circuit of their Emperie into Principalities : that by residency of subordinate rule , Peace at home might be maintained ; Forraigne offence ( by apt assembly of the Inhabitants ) resisted ; Taxe and Revenew of the Crown laid more evenly , and easierly levied ; Justice at mens doores with lesse charge and journey administred : all causes Civill having a right and speedy dispatch , in the Countie of Earles monethly Court , as Criminall in his Lieutenant the Sheriffes Turn twice a yeare . In forme of a Lo●eng this Shire lyeth , of positure temperate , and is 52. degrees , 4. scruples removed from the A●quator : the Hilly Soyle to the Plough man gratefull : the Vale , contiguous to the Fennes , best for Pasture , in which to no part of England it giveth place : Woods are not much wanted , the Rivers serving Coale , as the Moores Turffe , for fuell . ( 2 ) This Content wa ( as the whole Continent ) Forrest ▪ untill Canu●●● gave this Law of grace , Vt quisque tam in agris , quam in silvis excitet agi●●● seras . Long were the hands of Kings to pull ( of old ) the Subjects right into Regall pleasure , when Perambulation and Proclamation onely might make any mans land Forrest . It is in the first Williams time a Phrase in Record not rare , Silva hujus Man●rii FO●●ST EST missa in Silvam Regis , from which word of power , Forrest may seeme not unaptly to be derived . C●● videbat Henricus primus tres Bissas , fitting his Forrest of Ly●ield , he caused Husculphus his Raunger to keepe them for his Game , as the Record doth testifie . Thus did the second of his name , and the first Richard an many parts : well therefore may the Exchequer Book call the Forrest Justice for Vert and Venison , not Iustum absolute , but 〈◊〉 secundum Legem Foresta . That Foresta is defined , Tuta scrarum statio , may seeme to consine the Forresters Office onely to his Games care , which of ancient was as well over Minerall and Maritimall revenew . The office of Baldwine the great Forrester of Flanders , Non agrum tantum spectabat ▪ sed & Maris custodiam , saith Tillius , out of the old Charters of the French Kings . And see how just this squares to our Legall practise , for of Assarts , Parpresiures , Emprovement , Greenh●gh , Herbage , Paunage , Fowles , Mil● , Honey , Mine , Quarries , and 〈◊〉 at Sea , did the ●●nerall Justice of the Forrest here enquire . His Subjects of this Shire , Henry the second from servitude of his beasts ▪ ( whose Grand-father pro feris homin●s 〈◊〉 , exha●red●ta●is , matilavit , trucidavit ) did pretend by Charter to enfranchise , except Wabridge , Staple , Herthy , his own Demaines . But such was the succesie by encrochments , under his two succeeding Sonnes , that it drew on the oppressed people to importune anew the Soveraigne ▪ redresse , which was by the great Charter of the third Henry fruitlesly effected . His sonne in the 7. of his raigne , by a Perambulation , resuming back the fruit of his fathers goodnes , and so retaining untill in his 29. yeare by Petition , and purchase of his people ( for they gave him a sull ●●fteene ) he confirmed the former Charter , and by Jury , View and Perambulation settled that Boundary of Forrest , which contented the people , became the square of universall Justice in this kinde , and left in this Shire no more then the three former ( his own grounds ) Forrest . ( 3 ) This Shire hath foure Centuriata or hundreds , and had of old time five ▪ these so called , Q●ia prima institutione ex Hiderum aliquot centenariis composita . These are subdivided into 79. Parishes , whereof five besides the Shire-Town have Markets . These Parishes are measured by Hides , and Carucks , or Plough-lands , more or lesse , as either richnesse of So●le , or strength of the Lord strengthened or extended their limits , the Masse in whole containing of the first sort , 〈◊〉 . and of the other , 1136. These Hides the ancient and generall measure of land ( except in Kent ) where the account was by Solins ; or Lincolnshire , Vbi non sunt Hidae , sed pro Hidis si●● Caruca●ae ) were esteemed one hundred Acres , non Norman●●o , sed Angli●● numero una Hida pro sexies viginti A●ris , duo pro duod●●●s viginti , as in the Book of Domesday Caruca the Teame-land ( not Carucata , for they be different ) was in quantitie of Acres , proportioned to the qualitie of Soile , but usually in this Shire reputed 60. The Virgata , or Yard-land , was a more or lesse part of the Hide , as the Acres in number varied , which I finde in this Countie from 18. to 42. but for the most part 30. which was the halfe Plough-land . And the Bovata or Oxgang presumed in law for land in Granary ) was suited in number of Acres to that Yard-land , of which it was a moitie . Thus ( except in the ●ennes , laid out per Loucas & quarentenas , miles and furlongs ) stands all a measurement of land in this Shire , which containeth the Knights Fees 53. one half , 2. fifts , and a twentieth part . And in full estimation of rent and worth rose in the time of the Conquerour , to 912. l. 4. s. and now payeth in Fifteene to the King , 371. l. 9. s. 7. d. ob . and in tenth from the Clergie , 142. l. 6. s. q. ( 5 ) This Countie in decision of Titles , and administration of Justice , did at the first , as the Germans our Ancestors , Iura per pago & vi●os reddere ; Every Township by their Friburgi , or Teumentall , as Triers , and the Baron , Thain , or Head-lord there , or the Decanus ( a good Freeholder ) his Deputie , as Judge , determining all civill causes ; a representation of this remaineth still in our Court-Leete . Above this , and held 12. times a year , was our Hundred or Wapentake . Quae super decem Decanos et centum Friburgos judicabat . Here the Judges were the Aldermen , and Barons or Freeholders of that Hundred ; Acgelwinus Aldermannus tenuit placitum cum toto Hundredo , saith the book of Ely. This Court had Cognoscence of Causes Ecclesiasticall , as Temporall , therefore the Judge or Alderman ought to be such as Dei leges et hominum jura stu lebat promo●ere : thus it went although the Conquerour commanded , Ne altquis de legibus Episcopalibus amplius in Hundredo placita teneret . The next and highest in this Shire , was Generale placitum Comitatus ( the Countie or Sheriffes Court ) to which were proper Placita Civilia ubi curiae Dominorum pro●antur defecisse . Et si placitum exurgat inter Vavasores duorum Dominorum tractetur in Comi●atu . The Judge was the Earle or Sheriffe . The Tryers Barones Comitatus ( Freeholders ) Qui liberas in eo terras habe●t ; not Civill onely , but Probat● of Wils , Questions of Tithes , Et debita vera Christianitatis Iura , were heard , and first heard in this Court. Therefore Episcopus , Presbyter Ecclesiae , & Quatuor de melioribus villae , were adjuncts to the Sheriffe , Qui dei leges & secult negotia just a considerat●●n● definirent . The Lay part of this liveth in a sort in the Countie , and Sheriffe Turne ; the Spirituall about the raigne of King Stephen , by Soveraigne connivence , suffered for the most into the quarterly Synode of the Clergie , from whence in imitation of the Hundred Court , part was remitted to the Rurall Deaneries , of which this Shire had foure : And these again have been since swallowed up by a more frequent and superiour Jurisdiction , as some of our Civill Courts have been . There being now left in use for the most in this Shire for Causes Criminall , View of Frankpleg , by grant or prescription , A Session of the Peace quarterly , and two Goale deliveries by the Soveraignes commission : and for Civill Causes , Courts of Manours , or of the County monethly , and twice by the Iudges of Assise yearely . The Office of Execution and custody of this County is the Sheralfey , of old inheritable , untill Eustachius , who by force and favour of the Conquerour disseised Aluric and his heires , forfeited it to the Crowne ; but since it hath passed by annuall election , and hath united to it the Countie of Cambridge . ( 5 ) Having thus farre spoken of the Shire in generall , next in observation falleth the Shire-Town Huntingdon , Hundandun , or the Hunters Downe , North seated upon a rising banke , over the rich meadowed River Owse , interpreted by some Authors , the Downe of Hunters , to which their now common S●ale ( a Hunter ) seemeth to allude . Great and populous was this in the fore-going age , the following having here buried of fifteene all but three , besides the Mother-Church S. Maries , in their own graves . At the raigne of the Conquerour , it was ranged into foure ●eilings or Wards and in them 256. Burgenses or Housholds : It answered at all assesments for 50 Hides , the fourth part of Hurstingston Hundred in which it standeth . The annuall rent was then 30. l. of which , 25 of three Minters there kept the King had two parts ▪ the Earle the third ; the power of Coynage then and before , not being so privatively in the King , but Borowes , Bishops , and Earles enjoyed it ; on the one side stamping the face and stile of their Soveraigne , in acknowledgement of subordinacie in that part of absolute power , and on the reverse their own name , to warrant their integritie in that infinite trust . ( 6 ) The Castle supposed by some the work of the elder Edward , but seeming by the Book of Domesday , to be built by the Conquerour , is now known but by the ruines : It was the seat of Walthcof the Great Saxon Earle , as of his succeeding heires , untill to end the question of right between Sentlice and the King of Scots , Henry the second , laid it as you see ▪ yet doth it remaine the head of that honour on which in other Shires many Knights Fees , and sixteene in this attended . Here David Earle of this and Anguise , father of Isabel de B●●s , founded the Hospitall of S. Iohn Baptist : and Lovetote here upon the Fee of Eustace the Vicount , built to the honour of the blessed Virgin , the Priory of Blacke Channons , valued at the Suppression , 232. l. 7. s. ob . Here at the North end was a house of Fryers , and without the Town at Hinchingbrooke ▪ a Cloister of Nunnes , valued at 19. l. 9. s. 2. d. founded by the first William , in place of S. Pandonia , at El●esley ( by him suppressed ) where neer the end of the last Henry the family of the Cromwels began their Seat. To this Shire-Town , and benefit of the neighbour Countries , this River was navigable , untill the power of Grey ▪ a minion of the time , stopt that passage , and with it all redresse either by Law or Parliament . By Charter of King Iohn this Town hath a peculiar Cotoner , profit by Toll and Custome , Recorder , Town-Clerkes , and two Bayliffes , ( elected annually for government ) as at Parliament two Burgesses , for advise and assent : and is Lord of it selfe in Fee-Fa●me . ( 7 ) The rest of the Hundred ( wherein this Shire-Town lyeth ) is the East part of the County , and of Hurst a Parish in the center of it , named HURSTINGSTON , it was the Fee-farme of Ramsey Abbey , which on a point of f●rtile land , thrust out into the Fennes , is therein situate , founded in the yeare 969. to God , our Lady , and S. Benedict , by Earle Aylwin of the Royall bloud , replenished with Monks from Westbury , by Oswold of Yorke , and dedicated by Dunstan of Canterburie , Arch-bishops . By Abbat Reginald 1114. this Church was reedified , by Magnavill Earle of Essex , not long after spoyled , and by Henry the third , first of all the Norman Princes , visited ; when wasted with the Sicilian warres . Regalis mensae Hospitalitas ita abbreciata fuit , ut cum Abbatibus , Clericis & viris satis humilibus , hospitia quaesivit & prandia . This Monastery ( the shrine of two martyred Kings , Ethelbright and Ethelre● , and of Saint Ivo the Persian Bishop ) by humble pietie at first , and pious charitie , ascended such a pitch of worldly fortune , that it transformed their Founder ( religious povertie ) into their ruine , the attribute of Ramsey the rich : for having made themselves Lords of 387 Hides of land ( whereof 200 in this Shire , so much as at an easie and under rent , was at the Suppression valued at 1903. l. 15. s. 3. d. q. but by account of this time annually amounts to 7000. l. ) they then began to affect popular command , and first inclosing that large circuit of land and water ( for in it lyeth the Mile-square Meere of Ramsey ) as a peculiar Seignory to them , called the Ba●cuc or Bandy ( bounded as the Shire , from Ely , and from Norman-Crosse with the Hundred Meere ) by Soveraigne Graunt they enjoyed regall libertie . And then aspiring a step further , ( to a place in Parliament ) made Broughton the head of their Baronie , annexing to it in this Shire foure Knights Fees. Thus in great glory it stood above 400 yeares , untill Henry the eight ( amongst many other once bright Lamps of Learning and Religion in this State , though then obscured with those blemishes to wealth and case concomitant ) dissolved the house , although Iohn Warboys then Abbot , & his 60 black Monks there maintained , were of the first that under their hands and conventuall Seale protested , Quod Romanus Ponti●ex non habet majorem aliquam Iurisdictionem collatam sibi a Deo in Regno Angliae quam quivis ali●s externus Episcopus . A Cell to this rich Monastery was S. I●oes Priory , built in that place of Slep , by Earle Adelmus , in the raign of the last Edmund , where the incorrupted body of S. Ivo there once an Hermit , in a vision revealed , was by Ednothus taken up in his Robes Episcopall , and dedicated in the presence of Siward Earle of this Countie , and that Lady of renowned pietie Ethelsleda to the sacred memory of this Persian Bishop . Not farre from this is Somersham , the gift of the Saxon Earle Brithnothus to the Church of Ely , before his own fatall expedition against the Danes : It is the head of those five Towns , of which the Soke is composed , and was an house to the See of Ely , well beautified by Iohn Stanley their Bishop : but now by exchange is annexed to the Crown . As these so all the rest of this Hundred , was the Churches land , except Rippon Regis ancient Demaine . To which Saple ( reserved Forrest ) adjoyned , and the greater Stive●ly , given by the last David Earle of Huntingdon , in Fee to his three Servants , S●mli●e , Lakervile , and Camoys . map of Huntingtonshire HUNTINGTON BOTH SHIRE AND SHIRE TOWNE WITH THE ANCIENT CITIE ELY DESCRIBED . ( 9 ) LETTUNESTAN HUNDRED hath that name from Leighton ▪ a Town in the middest of it , given by Earle Waltheof to the Church of Lincolne , which after shared it into two Prebendaries . One , the Parsonage impropriate , which still remaineth : the other , the Lordships , was resumed by Henry the eight , and now by the Heire of Dar●y matched to the Lord Clifton , is become the seat of his Barony . This Hundred had in it no house of Religion , but Stonley a Priory of seven blacke Channons of the Order of S. Augustine , founded by th● Bigrames , and at the Suppression valued at 62. l. 12. s. 3. d. ob . It stood within the reach of the great Mannor Kimbolton ( once an Hundred ) which was the land of Earle Harold the Usurper : after by Graunt it came with the Chase of Swinesheved to Fitz-Peter , from whom by Magnavil to Bobum ( who in time of the tumultuous Barons built there a ●orcelet ) and so to Stafford , by whose attainture forfeited , it was given by Henry the eight to the Familie of Wingfield that now possesseth it . At Bugden the See of Lincolne hath a seat , and was Lord of Spaldwick , and the Soke ( given in compensation from the Church of Ely , when rent from them , it was by the first Henry made a Bishopricke ) untill of late that Church gave up their interest in Spaldwicke to the Crowne . Brampton was given by King Iohn at Mirabel , to Earle David , and by Ada his youngest Daughter fell to Hastings Earle of Pembroke , and now is reverted to the King. To the same Earle David by gift of the former King came Alcumesbury , and by the bountie of Iohn Scot his sonne to Segrave , and so to the Lord Barkley the late possessor . To Serlo de Quiney Earle of Winchester , was Keston by Henry the second given , by whose Heire generall Ferrars , it came to the late Earle of Essex , and by exchange to the Crowne . ( 10 ) TOULESLAND HUNDRED , taketh name likewise of a Town therein situate . In the out Angle of this , to the memory of S. Neotus a Monke of Glastenbury , but the supposed sonne to Ethelwolfe K. of the West-Saxons ( whose body from Neost●ck in Cornwall was transferred to Arnulphesbury , then of Arnulphus a holy man , now Eynesbury named ) Earle Alrick and Ethel●●eda turned the Palace of Earle Elfred into a Monastery of blacke Monks , which was razed by the Danes ; but out of the ashes of this R●isia ( wife to Richard the sonne of Earle Gilbert ) to God , our Lady de Becco ▪ and S. N●o● ( as a Cell to the Abbey of Becco in Normandy ) erected up of blacke Monks in the yeare 1113. the late Priory of S. Ne●es , suppressed by Henry the eight ▪ and valued at 256. l. 15. d. q. At So●tho ( the Land of Eustachius the Sheriffe ) Lovetote made the seat of that Seignory : on which in this Shire 13. Knights Fees and a halfe depende● : But from his line by gift of Ve●don and Vesey drowned were these in the honour of Gloucester . Near to this at Cretingsbury dwelt Sir Adam de Cretings , famous in Edward the thirds warres of France , whose Heire Generall Wa●ton doth now possesse it . Staunton given by the first William to Gilbert de Gaunt after the death issuelesse of De Rupes , escheated to the King , who gave it to Ioan his sister Queene of Scots . She on the Abbey of Tarent bestowed pa●t . the rest reverting being given to Segra●e descended to the Barons of Berkly , Godm●nchester , or Gormonchester , ( so named of that Da●e to whom Aelfred at his Conversion granted some regiment in these parts ) was the old land of the Crowne , now the Inhabitants in ●ee-farme , by grant of King Iohn ▪ pro Sexies viginti libris pondere & numero . It is flat seated by as fruitfull and flowrie Meadowes as any this Kingdome yeeldeth , and is the most spacious of any one Parish in fertile tillage oft having wa●ted on the Soveraigne Lords with ninescore Ploughes in a rurall pompe : Some from the name Gunicester ( which this often beareth in record ) suppose it the Citie where Machutus placed his Bishops Chaire . But for certaine it was that Ro●ane Town Durosi●o●● , of the Bridges named , so many hundred yeares ( untill the * light of our Britaine Story overshone it ) forgotten . Thus as this Citi● , so the old ●amilies have been here with time outworne , few onely ( of the many former ) now remaining , whose Surnames before the raigne of the last Henry were in this Shire of any eminency . But , Non indignemur mortalia Nomina solvi , Cernimus exemplis Oppida posse mori . Let 's not repine that Men and Names doe dye , Since Stone-built Cities dead and ruin'd lye . This Description I received from a right worthy and learned Friend . ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes , Rivers , and memorable places mentioned in Huntington-shire . THE HUNDREDS . NOrman-Crosse . Hurstingston . Leightenstone . Tosland . A Abbottesley , Tosl . Agden mill , Leigh . Alerton , Norm . Alkmundbury wood , Hurst . Alkmundbury , Leigh . S. Andrews Chappell . Norm . B Barham , Leigh . Beggers bush , Tosl . Bigen , Hurst . Billingbrooke , Norm . Birtholme Lodge , Leigh . Bithorne , Leigh . Bluntsham , hurst . Botsey , hurst . Botulph Bridge , Norm . Brampton , leigh . Brinton , leigh . Brik-Mere ▪ Norm . Broughton wood , hurst . Broughton , hurst . Bruc-Castle ▪ Norm . Buckworth , leigh . Buckworth grove , leigh . Buckworth Beacon , leigh . Bugden , Tosl . Bury , Hurst . C Cal●ot , Norm . Calfo wood ▪ leigh . Canutus Dike , or Sword Dyke , Norm . Great Catworth , Leigh . Little Catworth , Leigh . Catworth mili , leigh . The Chase , hurst . Chesterton , Norm . Colne , hurst . Conington , Norm . Conquest Loode , Norm . Copinford , leigh . Covington , leigh . Cretingesbery , Tosl . D Dantree , Norm . Denton , Norm . Denton and Calton ●enne , Norm . Diddington , Tosl . Durosiponte , Tosl . E Easton , leigh . Ellington , leigh . Elton , Norm . Elton-Parke , Norm . Elton-Mill , Norm . Erith , hurst . Ermin-streete , Norm . Everton , Tosl . Eynesbury , Tosl . F Farset , Norm . Farset , Kings del●e , Norm . Fenton , hurst . Folkesworth , Norm . G Gramsey , hurst . Great Gidding , leigh . Little Gidding , leigh . Steeple Gidding , leigh . Glatton , Norm . Glatton Fenne , Norm . Godmanchester , Tosl . Great Grandsden , Tosl . Grasham , leigh . H Haddon Beacon , Norm . Haddon , Norm . Haddon Mill , Norm . Hamerton , leigh . Hamerton Mill , leigh . Haleweston , Tosl . Heathmangrove , hurst . Hemingford Abbey , Tosl . Hemingford Grey , Tosl . Herford , hurst . Highney , Norm . Highney-lodge , Norm . Hilton , Tosl . Hinchingbrooke , hurst . Holm-lood , Norm . Holy well , hurst . Holy well Fen , hurst . Horsey Bridge , Norm . Houghton , hurst . HVNTINGTON , hurst . I S. IVES , hurst . S. Ives street , hurst . K Keston , leigh . KIMBALTON , leigh . L Leighton , Leigh . Leighton Mill , leigh . Luddington , Leigh . Lutton , Norm . M Molesworth , leigh . Monkeswood , hurst . Morborn , Norm . The Moore , Tosl . Myddlo● , Tosl . N Nedingworth , hurst . Neen flu . Norm . S. NEOT , Tosl . New-dike , Norm . New-parke , leigh . O Offord Cluny , Tosl . Offord Dacy , Tosl . Ogerston , Norm . Overton Longvill , Norm . Overton Watervill , Norm . Ould Hurst , hurst . P Papworth Agnes , Tosl . Little Paxton , Tosl . Great Paxton , Tosl . Pertenhall , leigh . Pidley , hurst . Pirry , leigh . Pits water , Norm . Portmed , Tosl . R Ramsey , hurst . Ramsey Meere , hurst . Ramsey Fenne , hurst . Ramsey Moore , Norm . Little Reveley , hurst . Great Reveley , hurst . Ripton Abbots , hurst . Ripton Parke , Hurst . Kings Ripton , hurst . Rowey , hurst . Romerstreeme lood , Norm . S Salom-wood , leigh . Saltrey-Mill , Norm . Saltrey Ab●ey ▪ Norm . Saltrey Grange , Norm . Saltrey Judith , Norm . Saltrey Moynes , Norm . Saltrey Beumes , Norm . Saply Parke , hurst . Sibthorpe , leigh . Small dike , Norm . Somersham fenne , hurst . Somersham parke , hurst . South-hoo , Tosl . Spaldwick-mill , leigh . Spaldwick , leigh . Fenny Stanton , Tosl . Stibinton , Norm . Stilton , Norm . Stilton Fen , Norm . Stilton mill , Norm . Stongate hole , leigh . Stonly , leigh . Stonly Priory , leigh . Great Stoughton , Tosl . Stow , leigh . Stranground , Norm . Little Stukeley , hurst . Great Stukeley , hurst . Swineshead , leigh . T Terwerth , T●●l . Thurning , leigh . Toseland , Tosl . Trundle Meere , Norm . V Ugmere Cote , Norm . Ugmere , Norm . Upton , leigh . Upwood , hurst . Upwood mill , hurst . W Wabridge forest , leigh . Walton , Norm . Walton mill , hurst . Walton wood , Norm . Warbois , hurst . VVarbois Fen , hurst VVarbois wood , hurst . VVaresley , Tosl . VVashingle , Norm . VVat●r Newton , Norm . VValmesford , Norm . VVenington , hurst . VVeston-grove , leigh . VVeston-mill , leigh . VVeston old , leigh . VVitlesmere , Norm . VVislow , hurst . VVinteringham , Tosl . VVinwick , leigh . VVitton , hurst . VVoodhurst , hurst . VVoodston , Norm . VVoolly , Lieh . Y YAXLEY , Norm . Yelling , Tosl . RVTLAND-SHIRE , the least of any Countie in this Realme , is circulated upon the North with Lincolne-shire , upon the East and South , by the River Weland is parted from Northampton-shire ; and the West is altogether held in with Leicester-shire . ( 2 ) The forme thereof is round , and no larger in compasse then a light horseman can easily ride about in a day : upon which occasion some will have the Shire named of one Rut , that so rode . But others from the rednesse of the soyle , will have it called Rutland ; and so the old English-Saxons called it , for that Ro●t and Rut is in their tongue Red with us , and may very well give the name to this Province , seeing the earth doth staine the wooll of her sheepe into a reddish colour . Neither is it strange that the staine of the soyle gives names unto places , and that very many : for have we not in Chesse-shire the Red Rocke , in Lancashire , the Red Banke , and in Wales , Rutland Castle ? To speake nothing of that famous Red Sea which shooteth into the Land betwixt Aegypt and Arabia , which gave backe her waters for the Israelites to passe on foot : all of them named from the colour of the soyle . ( 3 ) The longest part of this Shire is from Caldecot in the South upon the River Ey unto Thistleton a small Village seated in the North , not fully twelve miles : and from Timwell East-ward , to Wissenden in the West , her broadest extent , is hardly nine : the whole circumference about fortie miles . ( 4 ) The ayre is good both for health and delight , subject to neither extremitie of heat nor cold , nor is greatly troubled with foggie mists . The Soyle is rich , and for Corn and tillage gives place unto none . Woods there are plenty , and many of them imparked , hills feeding heards of Neate , and flockes of sheepe , vallies besprinkled with many sweet Springs , Grain in abundance , and Pastures not wanting : in a word , all things ministred to the content of life , with a liberall heart and open hand . Onely this is objected , that the circuit is not great . ( 5 ) The draught whereof , that I may acknowledge my dutie and his right , I received at the hands of the right Honourable Iohn Lord Harrington , Baron of Exton , done by himselfe in his younger yeers . Neere unto his house Burley , standeth Okham a faire Market-towne , which Lordship the said Baron enjoyeth with a Royaltie somewhat extraordinary , which is this : If any Noble by birth come within the precinct of the same Lordship , he shall forfeit as an homage a shooe from the Horse whereon he rideth , unlesse he redeeme it at a price with money . In witnesse whereof , there are many Horse-shooes nayled upon the Shire-Hall doore , some of large size and ancient fashion , others new and of our present Nobility ; whose names are thereupon stamped as followeth : Henry Hastings . Roger Rutland . Edward L. Russell , Earle of Bedford . Ralphe L. Ewer of Parram . Henry L. Bertley . Henry L. Mordant . William L. Compton . Edward L. Dudley . Henry L. Winsor . George , Earle of Cumberland . Philip Earle of Montgomery . L. Willoughby . P. L. Wharton . The Lord Shandois . Besides many others without names . That such homage was his due , the said Lord himselfe told me ; and at that instant a suit depended in Law against the Earle of Lincolne , who refused to forfeit the penaltie , or to pay his fine . ( 6 ) Her ancient Inhabitants knowne to the Romanes , and mentioned in Ptolomie , were the Coritani , and by him branched thorow Leicester , Lincolne , Nottingham , Darby-shire , and this ; who with the Icenians were subdued by P. Ostorius under the yoke of Claudius the Romane Emperour : and at their departure , by Conquest the Saxons made it a Province unto their Mercian Kingdome , whose fortunes likewise coming to a full period , the Normans annexed it under their Crowne . ( 7 ) This Countie King Edward Confessor bequeathed by his Testament unto Queen Eadgith his wife , and after her decease unto his Monastery at Westminster , which William the Conquerour cancelled and made voyd , bestowing the Lands upon others , the Tithes and the Church unto those Monkes . That the Ferrers here first seated , besides the credit of Writers , the Horse-shooe whose badge then it was , doth witnesse ; where in the Castle , and now the Shire-hall , right over the Seat of the Judge , a Horse-shooe of iron curiously wrought , containing five foote and a halfe in length , and the bredth thereto proportionably is fixed . The Castle hath bin strong , but now is decayed , the Church faire , and the Town spacious ; whose degree of Longitude is 19.46 . scruples , and the North-poles elevation in Latitude 53 ▪ degrees and 7. minutes . ( 8 ) Let it not seeme offensive , that I ( to fill up this little Shire ) have inserted the seate of a Towne not sited in this County : for besides the conveniency of place , the circuit and beauty , but especially it being for a time an Vniversitie did move much ; yea , and the first in this Iland , if Iohn Hardings * Authour faile him not , that will have Bladud to bring from Athens certaine Philosophers , whom here he seated , and made publike profession of the Liberall Sciences , where ( as he saith ) a great number of Scholars studied the Arts , and so continued an Vniversity unto the coming of Augustine , at which time the Bishop of Rome interdicted it , for certaine Heresies sprung up among the Britaines and Saxons . But most true it is , that in the reign of King Edward the third , upon debate falling betwixt the Southerne and Northerne Students at Oxford , many Schoole-men with-drew themselves hither , and awhile professed , and named a Colledge , according to one in Oxford , Brasen-nose , which retaineth that name unto this day . This was so great a skarre unto the other , that when they were recalled by proclamation to Oxford , it was provided by Oath , that no Student in Oxford should publikely professe or reade the Arts at Stanford , to the prejudice of Oxford . ( 9 ) As this Shire is the least in circuit , so is it with the fewest Market-towns replenished , having onely two . And from Societies that fed upon the labours of others , was this Land the freest ; for besides R●hall , where Tibba the Falconers Goddesse was worshipped for a Saint , when Superstition had well-neere put Gods true honour out of place , I finde very few ; neither with more Castles strengthned then that at Okham , whose ruines shew that a Castle hath beene there . Divided it is into five Hundreds , and therein are planted fortie eight Parish Churches , as in the Table following shall appeare . map of Rutlandshire RUTLANDSHIRE With OUKHAM and STANFORD her bordering Neighbour Newely described . ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes , Rivers , and memorable places mentioned in Rutland-shire . HVNDREDS in Rutland-shire . 1. EAst Hund. 2. Allstoe Hund. 3. Okeham Sook . 4. Martinsley Hund. 5. Wrangedyke Hund. A Ashgate , Oke . Ashwell , Allst. Austhorpe , All. Austhorpe grove , All. Ayston , Mart. B Barinsdale , All. Barlythorp , Oke . Baroughdon hey , Wrang . Baroughdon , VVrang . Barrowe , All. The Beacon hill . Wrang . Beamont , Mart. Beehill , Wrang . Belmesthorp , East . Belton , Oke . Bittewell , Oke . S. Butulphe , East . Bayal-wood , East . Bradgate , VVrang . Braunstun , Oke . Brokemell wood , East . Brock , Oke . Burley , All. Burley wood , All. Bysbrooke , Wrang . C Caldecote , VVrang . Casterton little , East . Casterton bridge , East . The Vale of Catmouse , Oke . Catmouse mill , Oke . Chatter Flu. Clipsham , Oke . Coldlees , Oke . Cottesmore , All. Cottesmore wood , All. Creston , Mar● . Crosse mill , East . D Deepedale , Martin . E Eastwood , East . Edgeton , Oke . Ediweston , Mart. Ediweston wood , Mart. Eleshare , VVrang . Empingham , East . Empingham wood , East . Exton , All. Ezeden , East . F Fauldall wood , East . Fregthorp , VVrang . Frithwood , East . Five mile Crosse , East . G Geeson , Wrang . Glaiston , VVrang . Greetham , All. Greetham wood , All. Guash Flu. Gunthorpe , Mart. H Hamleyton , Mart. Hamleyton wood , Mart. Hardwicke , East . Hermitage , Oke . Horne , East . Horne mill , East . I Ingthorpe , East . Iostors bridge , East . K Kelstone , VVrang . Kelthorpe , VVrang . Ketton , East . Kilpisham , East . Kings Road , VVrang . The Kings Lodge , Oke . L Lamley Lodge , Oke . Langham , Oke . Leefeld forest , Oke . Lee Lodge , Oke . Littlehall wood , All. Lovedall , All. North Luffenham , VVrang . South Luffenham , VVrang . Lyddington , VVrang . Lyddington parke , VVrang . Lynden , Mart. M Manton , Mart. Market overton , All. Martinsthorpe , Mart. Morecott , Wrang . Muley hill , Oke . N Newbottle , VVrang . Normanton , Mart. O OKEHAM , Oke . Osburnall wood , East . P Pickworth , East . Preston , Mart. Prisley hill , VVrang . Pylton , VVrang . R Rankesborow hils , Oke . Redgate , VVrang . Ridlington , Mart. Ridlingtonparke , Mart. Rullers stone , East . Rushpitt wood , All. Ryall , East . S Snewton , VVrang . Seyton , VVrang . Stirwood , Oke . Sto●edrye , VVrang . Stretton , All. Stretton wood , All. T Tarringley wood , All. Thisselton , All. Tholthorpe , East . Thorpe , VVrang . Turne course wood , East . Tyckencote , East . Tyghe , All. Tymwell , East . Tyxover , VVrang . V VPPINGHAM , Mart. Vppingham parke , Mart. W Wadeland Flu. Wadley , Oke . Weand Flu. W●●ton , All. Westland wood , All. Weston fees , Oke . W●issenden , All. W●itwell , All. W●cheley heath , East . W●nge , Mart. The Wispe , Oke . Wolfoky wood , All. Woodhead wood , East . LEICESTER-SHIRE , lying bordred upon the North with Nottingham-shire ; upon the East with Lincoln and Rutland ; upon the South with North-hampton-shire ; and upon the West with Watling-street-way is parted from Warwick-shire ; the rest being bounded with the confines of Darby , is a Countrey Champion , abounding in corn , but spary of woods , especially in the South and East parts , which are supplyed with Pit-coales plenteously gotten in the North of this Province , and with abundance of Cattell bred in the hills beyond the River Wreack , which is nothing so well inhabited as the rest . ( 2 ) The aire is gentle , mild , and temperate , and giveth appetite both to labour and rest : wholsome it is , and draweth mans life to a long age , and that much without sicknesse ; at Carleton onely some defect of pronuntiation appeareth in their speech . ( 3 ) The Soile thus consisting , the commodities are raised accordingly of corn , cattle and coals , and in the rockes neere Bever are sometimes found the Astroites , the Star-like precious Stone . ( 4 ) The ancient people that inhabited this Countie , were the Coritant , who were spread further into other Shires , but after that the Romanes had left the land to it self , this with many more fell to be under the possession and government of the Mercians and their Kings , from whom the English enjoyeth it at this day . ( 5 ) In Circular wise ( almost ) the compasse of this Shire is drawn indifferently spacious , but not very thick of Inclosures , being from East to West in the broadest part not fully 30. miles , & from North to South but 24. the whole circumference about 196. miles ; whose principall Citie is set , as the Center , almost in the midst : from whom the Pole is elevated 53. degrees and 4. minutes in Latitude , and for Longitude 19. degrees , 22. minutes . ( 6 ) From this Towne the Shire hath the name , though the name of her selfe is diversly written , as Legecestria , Leegora , Legte-ceste : by Ninius , Caer-Lerion ; by Matthew of Westminster ( if we doe not mistake him ) Wirall ; and now lastly , Leicester : ancient enough , if King Leir was her builder , eight hundred forty and four years before the birth of our Saviour , wherein he placed a Flamine to serve in the Temple of Ianus , by himselfe there erected , and where hee was buried , if Geffrey ap Arthur say true , but now certain it is , that Ethelred the Mercian Monarch made it an Episcopall Sea , in the yeare of Christ Iesus 680. wherein Sexwulph of his Election became the first Bishop : which shortly after was thence translated , and therewith the beauty of the Towne began to decay ; upon whose desolations that erectifying Lady Edalfled cast her eies of compassion , and both rectified the buildings , and compassed it about with a strong wall , where in short time the Cities trade so increased , that Matth. Paris in his lesser Story reporteth as followeth , Legecester ( saith he ) is a right wealthy City , and notably defended ; and had the wall a sure foundation , were inferiour to no City whatsoever . But this pride of prosperity long lasted not under the Normans , for it was sore oppressed with a world of calamities , when Robert Bossu the Crouch-back Earl of that Province , rebelled against his Soveraigne Lord King Henry the second : whereof hear the same Author Paris speake : Through the obstinate stubbornes of Earle Robert ( saith he ) the noble City Leicester was besieged and throwne down by K. Henry , and the wal that seemed indissoluble , was utterly razed , even to the ground . The peeces of whose fragments so fallen downe , remained in his daies like to hard rocks , through the strength of the Morter cementing whole lumps together : and at the Kings command the City was set on fire and burnt , the Castle razed , and a heavy imposition laid upon the Citizens , who with great sums of money bought their own Banishments : but were so used in their departure , that for extreme feare many of them took Sanctuary , both at S. Edmunds and S. Albanes . In repentance of these mischiefes , the author thereof Earle Robert built the Monastery of S. Mary de Pratis , wherein himselfe became a Canon Regular , and for fifteen yeeres continuance in sad laments served God in continuall prayers . With the like devotion , Henry the first Duke of Lancaster built an Hospitall for an hundred and ten poor people , with a collegiate Church , a Deane , twelve Canons Prebendaries , as many Vicars , sufficiently provided for with revenewes ; wherein himselfe lieth buried : and it was the greatest ornament of that Citie , untill the hand of King Henry the eight lay over heavy upon the like foundations , and laid their aspired tops at his own feet . The fortunes of another Crouch-back ( K. Richard the Vsurper ) were no lesse remarkable in this Citie then the former Robert was , both of them in like degree of dishonourable course of life , though of different issue at their deaths , the one dying penitent and of devout esteeme ; the other leaving the stench of Tyrannie to all following ages ; who from this City setting forth in one day with great pomp and in battell aray , to keep the Crowne sure upon his owne Helmet , in a sore fought field , yeelded both it and his life unto the head and hands of Henry of Richmond his Conquerour : and the next day was brought back like a Hogge , naked and torne , and with contempt without tears obscurely buried in the Gray-Friers of this City ; whose suppression hath suppressed the plot-place of his grave , and only the stone-chest wherein he was laid ( a drinking trough now for horses in a common Inne ) retaineth the memory of that great Monarchs Funerall : and so did a stone in the Church and Chappell of S. Maries , inclose the corps of the proud and pontificall Cardinall Wolsey , who had prepared for himselfe , as was said , a far more richer Monument . ( 7 ) Other places worthy of remembrance in this Shire were these : In the West , where a high crosse was erected , in former times stood the faire Citie Cleycester the Romans BENONNES , where their Legions lay , and where their two principall wayes crossed each other , as the Inhabitants report ; Loughborow in the North-verge , which the Saxons called Leizanburge , was ( as Marianus affirmeth ) taken from the Britaine 's by Cuthwolfe their King , about the yeere of Christ 572. At Redmore neere Bosworth , West-ward in this Countie , the Kingdom of England lay in hazard of one Battell , when King Richards Field was fought , where the land at once was freed from a Tyrant , and a wicked Vsurper . Neither may we passe Lutterworth , as the least in account , where the famous Iohn Wickliffe , Englands Morning star , dispersed the clouds of all Papisticall darknesse , by preaching the Gospell in that his charge ; and stile of his pen , so piercing in power , that the man of Sinne ever since hath beene better known to the world . ( 8 ) Religious houses by Princes erected and by them devoted to God and his service , the chiefest in this Shire were at Leicester , Grace-Dieu , Keirkby-Bellers , and at Burton a Spittle for Lazers , a disease then newly approached in this Land ; for the erection whereof a common contribution was gathered thorow the Realm : the Patients in this place were not so much deformed in skin , as the other were in the defects for the soule ; whose skirts being turned up to the sight of the world , their shames were discovered , and those houses dissolved , that had long maintained such Idolatrous sinnes . ( 9 ) This Shires division is into six Hundreds , and in them are seated twelve Market Towns for commerce , and containeth in her circuit two hundred Parish-Churches : whose names with others are in the Table following , to this Chapter belonging . map of Leicestershire LEICESTER both Countye and Citie described , The Honorable Famylies that have had the titles of Earls thereof . With other accidents therein observed HVNDREDS in Leicester-shire . 1. West-Goscote . 2. Sparkingho . 3. Goodlaxton . 4. Gartrey . 5. East Goscote . 6. Framland . A Abbey gate , West . Affordbie , east . Ailston , good . Allexton , east . Altongrange , west . Anker Flu. Ansty , West . Appleby little , spark . Appleby great , spark . Apekettelbie , Fram . Arnesbye , Good. ASHBYE de la Zouch , west . Ashbye folvile , east . Ashbye little , good . Ashbye great , good . Aston slamvill , spar . Atterton , spar . B Bagrave , gart . Bagworth pakre , spar . Bagworth , spar . Barbythorpe , east . Baresby , east . Bardon hill , west . Barkebie , east . Barkston , fram . Barlston , spar . Barn parke , spar . Barrow upon Zoram , east . Barton , spar . Barwell , spar . Beebie , east . Belgrave , east . Belton , west . Bensford bridge , good . Bew maner , west . Billesdon , gart . Bilston , spar . Bitteswell , good . Blabye , good . Blackbrooke flu . Blangherby , west . Blason , gart . Boresworth husband , gart . Borhisson , spar . BOSWORTH , spark . Botisford , fram . Bowden great , gart . Bradgate , west . Bradley , gart . Brantingthorpe , good . Brantingthorpe , Westcotts , spar . Braunston , fram . Braunston , spar . Braughton nether , fram . Bredon on the hill . west . Brenkinsthorpe , spar . Brentingby , fram . Bringhurst , gart . Brokesbie , east . B●oughton , Ashley , good . Buckminster , fram . Burbage , spar . Burley parke , west . Burrow , gart . Burstall , west . Burton layers , fram . Burton upon ol●s , east . Burton overy , gart . Bushbye , gart . C Candwell , east . Carleton , spar . Carlton Curlew , gart , Cathorpe , gart . Charley , west . Chamwood forest , west . Cawdwell , fram . Clawson long , fram . Cleybrooke , good . Colderton , east . Collerton , west . Cosbye , good . Coson , fram . Cossington , east . Counston , spar . Countesthorpe , good . Cottesboche , good . Cotes , east . Cotton , spar . Cranoe , gart . Crawston , east . Crofee , spar . Cropston , west . Croston South , east . Croxton Kerriall , fram . D Dadlington , spar . Dalbye little , fram . Dalbie Iacombe , east . Dalbye wood , east . Dalbie upon Olds , east . Deane flu . Desforde , spar . Dishley grange , west . Drayton , spar . Drayton , gart . Dunton Basset , good . Dunington , spar . DVNINGTON CASTLE , west . Dyseworth , west . E Eaton , fram . Eastwell , fram . Easton , gart . Edmondthorpe , fram . Eie flu . Eie Kettleby , fram . Elmesthorpe , spar . Elston , good . Enderby , spar . Engarsby , gart . Erdisborowe , gart . Erlshilton , spar . Evington , gart . F Fleckney , gart . Foston , good . Foxton , gart . Freabie , fram . Frisbye , gart . Frisbye upon Wreake , east . Frolesworth , good . G Gaddesby , east . Gadebye , spar . Galbye , gart . Garenton , west . Garthorpe , fram . Gillmorton , good . Glenfeild , spar . Glenn great , gart . Glenn little , good . Glowston , gart . Goadbie , fram . Goadbye , gart . Goldsmiths grange , fram . Grace dieu . west . Grimston , east . Groobye , spar . Gumley , gart . H Hachton , fram . HALLATON , gar . HARBOROW , gart . Harbye , fram . Harston , fram . Hatherne , west . Hawlstead , east . Heather , spar . Hemington , west . Higham , spar . High crosse , good . Hinckley bond , spar . HINCKLYE , spar . Hobie , east . Hoes , fram . Hogges Norton , spar . Holt , gart . Hollwell , fram . Horninghold , gart . Horsepoole grange , spar . Horsepoole , spar . Hoose , fram . Hoton , east . Houghton , gart . Hucklescott , spar . Humberstone , east . Huncott , spar . Hungerton , east . I Ibstoke , spar . Illeston , gart . Ingersbye , gart . Isbye Walton . K Katthorpe , good . Keham , east . Kemington south , east . Kerbey muchese , spar . Ketworth , west . Kibworth Beacham , gart . Kilbye , good . Kilworth north , good . Kilworth harcott , gart . Kimcote , good . Kirby bellers , fram . Kirbey mallary , spar . Knaptost , good . Knaveston , gart . Knighton , good . Knighsthorpe , west . Knipton , fram . Knosson , gart . L Lungley , west . Church Langton , gart . Thorpe Lanckton , gart . Lancton east , gart . Lancton west , gart . Laund , east . Lawghton , gart . Leicester Forest , spar . Leesthorpe , fram . LEICESTER , east . Leicester Abbey , west . Leire , good . Lindley , spar . Littlethorpe , good . LITTERWORTH , go . Lockington , west . Loddington , east . LONGBOROW , west . Loseby , east . Lubenham , gart . Lubsthorpe , spar . M Marfeild South , gart . Markefeild , spar . Marston potters , spar . Medburne , gart . MELTON Mowbray , fram . Merill grange , west . Misterton , good . Morebarne , spar . MOVNTSORRELL , west . Mowsely , gart . Musson , fram . N Naneby , spar . Nelston , spar . Newbold verdon , spar . Newbold , west . Newbold , gart . Newton , west . Newton harcourt , gart . Newton burcott , gart . Newton cold , east . Newton nethercote , spar . Newtowne , spar . Norborow , spar . Normanton , fram . Normanton , spar . Normanton on the health , spar . Norton , gart . Norton East , east . Nosely , gart . O Oddeston , spar . Odeby , good . Orton upon the Mount , spar . Osberston , spar . Osgathorpe , west . Overton cold , fram . Overton sausye , west . Oweston , gart . P The great Parke , west . Peatling little , good . Peatling great , good . Peckleton , spar . Pickering grange , spar . Pickwell , gart . Plungar , fram . Prestwold , east . Q Quarendon , west . Quenby , east . Quenyborowe , east . R Ragdale , east . Ratbye , spar . Ratcliffe , culie , spar . Ratcliffe upon Wreake , east . Raunston in Darbysh . west . Rearsbie , east . Redmore , spar . Redmyle , fram . King Richards feild , spar . Rodeley , west . Rotherby , east . Rowlston , gart . S Saddington , gart . Saltbie , fram . Sapcote , spar . Saxbie , fram . Saxulbie , east . Scallford , fram . Scechesley , spar . Scraptoste , gart . Segrave , east . Sence flu . Sewsterne , fram . Seyston , east . Shakerston , spar . Shankton , gart . Sharnford , spar . Shawell , good . Shaxton , spar . Sheepie little , spar . Sheepie great , spar . Shenton , spar . Sheepes head , west . Sheresbye , good . Shilton , spar . Shouldby , east . Sibston , spar . Skeffington , east . Slawston , gart . Smeeto , gart . Snarston , spar . Snibston , west . Snyte flu . Sproxton , fram . Stanton , spar . Stanton harold , west . Stanton wyvell , gart . Stanton under Barton , spar . Stapleford , fram . Stapleton , spar . Stathorne , fram . Stoke golding , spar . Stokerston , gart . Stonesbie , fram . Stony Stanton , spar . Stoure flu . Stowghton , gart . Stretton great , gart . Stretton little , gart . Sumerbee , fram . Sutton , good . Sutton chenney , spar . Swannington , west . Swebston , west . Swift flu . Swinford , good . Swithland , west . Sylebye , east . Sysesore , east . Sysonbee , fram . T Temple , spar . Theddingworth , gart . Thornton , spar . Thorpacre , west . Thorpe , good . Thorpe Arnold , fram . Thorpe sachfeld , east . Thrinkston , west . Thurcaston , west . Thurlston , spar . Thurmaston , east . Thurnby , gart . Thussington , east . Tilton , east . Toly Parke , spar . Tonge , west . Trent flu . Tugby , east . Thurlancton , gart . Twicrosse , spar . Twyford , east . V Vlvescrosse Abbey , west . Vllesthorne , good . Vlveston , gart . Vpton , spar . W Walcot , good . WALTHAM on the wowld , fram . Walton , good . Walton on the wowld , east . Wanlipp , west . Wartnabie , east . Welbie , fram . Welham , gart . Welland flu . Welsborow , spar . Westerby , gart . Wetherlye , spar . Whalton long , west . Wheston , good . Whittington grange , spar . Whitwike , west . Wigston little , good . VVigston great , good . VVikeham , fram . VVikin , spar . VVilloughbye waterlesse , good . VVilston , west . VViston , gart . VVithcorke , fram . VViverby , fram . VVoodhouse , west . VVorthington , west . VVreake flu . VVykin , east . VVymondham , fram . VVynaswold , east . Y Ybstocke , spar . LINCOLN-SHIRE . CHAPTER XXXII . THe County of Lincolne by the English-Saxons called Lincoll-scyre , and by the Normans Nicolshire , is confined on the North with Humber , on the East with the Germane Ocean , upon the South is parted from Cambridge and Northamptonshire by the River Nine , and on the West from Nottingham and Yorke-shires by Dun and Trent . ( 2 ) The length of this Province extended from Barton upon Humber in the North , unto Stanford upon the River Nine in the South , are miles by our English measure fifty-five , and the bredth thereof from Newton in the VVest , stretched unto Winthorp upon her East Sea containeth thirty five . The whole in circumference about one hundred and eighty miles . ( 3 ) The Ayre upon the East and South part is both thicke and foggy , by reason of the Fennes and unsolute grounds , but therewithall very moderate and pleasing . Her graduation being removed from the Equator to the degree of 53. and the windes that are sent of her still working Seas , doe disperse those vapours from all power of hurt . ( 4 ) The forme of this Countie doth somewhat resemble the body of a Lute , whose East coasts lye bowe-like into the Germane Ocean , all along pestered with in-lets of salt waters and sands , which are neither firme nor safe for travellers , as those in the South proved unto K. Iohn , who marching Northward from Northfolke , against his disloyall Barons , upon those washes lost all his furniture and carriage by the sudden returne of the Sea , and softnesse of the Sands . ( 5 ) Her Soile upon the West and North is abundantly fertile , pleasant and rich , stored with pasturage , areable and meadowing grounds : the East and South Fenny and blackish , and for Corne barren ; but for Fowle and Fish exceeding any other in the Realme ; wherein , at some times and seasons of the yeere , hath beene taken in nets , in August , at one draught , above three thousand Mallards , and other Fowles of the like kinde . ( 6 ) The Shires commodities consist chiefly in Corne , Cattle , Fish , Fowle , Flax and Alablaster ; as also in a Plaister much esteemed of by the Romans for their works of Imagerie ; and whereof Pliny in his naturall History maketh mention . And the Astroites , a precious stone , Star-like , pointed with five beames or rayes , anciently esteemed for their vertue in victories , upon the South-west of this County neere Bever are found : not far thence in our Fathers memory , at Harlaxton was ploughed up a brasen vessel , wherein was inclosed a golden Helmet of an ancient fashion , set with precious stones , which was presented to Katharin of Spain , Wife and Dowager to King Henry the Eight . ( 7 ) This Shire triumpheth in the births of Beaucleark , King Henry the First , whom Selby brought forth , and of King Henry the Fourth at Bullingbrooke born : but may as justly lament for the death of King Iohn , herein poysoned by Simon a Monk of Swynsted Abby ; and of Queene Eleanor , wife to King Edward the First , the mirrour of wedlocke , and love to the Commons , who at Hardby , neere Bullingbrooke , his birth-place , ended her life . ( 8 ) Trade and commerce for provision of life is vented thorow thirtie one Market-Townes in this Shire , wherof Lincolne the Counties namer is chiefe , by Ptolemie and Antonine called Lindum , by Beda Linde-collina ; by the Saxons , Linoo collyne , and by the Normans , Nichol. Very ancient it is , and hath beene more magnificall , as by her many over-turned ruines doth appeare , and farre more populous , as by Domesdayes book is seene , where it is recorded that this Citie contained a thousand and seven Mansions , and nine hundred Burgesses , with twelve Lage-men , having Sac and Soc. And in the Normans time , saith Malmesburie , it was one of the best peopled Cities of England , being a place for trafficke of Merchandise for all commers by Land or Sea. Herein King Edward the Third ordained his Staple for the Mart of Wools , Leather , and Lead ; and no lesse then fiftie Parish-Churches did beautifie the same : but now containeth onely fifteen besides the Cathedrall . Some ruines yet remaine both of Frieries and Nunneries , who lye now buried in their owne ashes , and the Citie conquered not by warre , but by time and very age : and yet hath she not escaped the calamitie of sword , as in the time of the Saxons ; whence Arthur enforced their Ho●t : the like also did Edmund to the destroying Danes ; & by the Normans it suffered some dammage , where King Stephen was vanquished and taken prisoner ; and againe by the Third Henry , who assaulted and wan it from his rebellious Barons . By fire likewise it was sore defaced , wherein not onely the buildings were consumed , but withall many men and women in the violence thereof perished : as also by an Earthquake her foundation was much weakened and shaken , wherein the faire Cathedral Church , dedicated to the Virgin of Virgins , was rent in pieces . The government of this Citie is committed yeerely to a Maior , two Sheriffes , twelve Aldermen in Scarlet , a Sword , a Hat of estate , a Recorder , Sword-bearer , and foure Sergeants with Maces : whose situation on a steep hill standeth , for Longitude in the degree 20. 10. scruples , the Pole elevated for Latitude from the degree 53. and 50. scruples . ( 9 ) Much hath been the devotion of Princes in building religious houses in this County , as at Crowland , Lincolne , Markeby , Leyborne , Grenfield , Alvingham , Newnersby , Grymmysby , Newsted , Elsham , Staynsfeld , Syxhill , Torkesey , Bryggerd , Thorneholme , Nuncotton , Fosse , Hevings , Axholme Isle , Goykewell , Saint Michaels neere Stanford , Swyneshead , Spalding , Kirk●sted , &c. ( 10 ) Commotions in this Shire were raysed the eight and twentieth of King Henry the Eight , where twenty thousand making insurrection , violently sware certaine Lords and Gentlemen to their Articles . But no sooner they heard of the Kings power coming , but that they dispersed themselves , and sued for pardon . And againe in the third yeer of King Edward the Sixt , in case of Inclosures , Lincolne , rose in seditious manner , as did they of Cornwall , Devon-shire , Yorke-shire , and Norfolke : but after some slaughters of their chiefest men , were reduced to former obedience . This Shires division is into three principall parts , viz. Lindsey , Kesteven , and Holland , Lindsey is subdivided into seventeene Hundreds , Kesteven into eleven , and Holland into three , containing in all thirtie one , wherein are situated thirtie Market-Townes , and sixe hundred thirty Parish-Churches , as in the Table following are Alphabetically expressed . map of Lincolnshire THE COUNTIE AND CITIE OF LYNCOLNE DESCRIBED WITH THE ARMES OF THEM THAT HAVE BENE EARLES THEREOF since the Conquest . HVNDREDS and Wapentakes in Lincolne-shire . Lindsey . 1. Manlie Wap . 2. Y●borough ●●a . 3. Brodley Wap . 4. Ludbrough Wa. 5. Walshcroft Wa. 6. As●●●oe Wap . 7. Co●ringham W. 8. Well Wap . 9. Lawris Wap . 10. Wraggot Wa. 11. Gorine Wa. 12. Lou●heask Hun 13. Ca●●eworth Hu. 14. Candleshy Wa. 15. Hill Hund. 16. Bullingbrook W 17. Horncostle W. Kesteven 18. La●go Wap . 19. ●oothby Wap . 20. Loveden Wap . 21. Fla●well Wa. 22. Aswa●dburn W 23. W●●ebridge W 24. Grantham W. 25. Aveland W. 26. ●el●●she Wap . 27. Nesse Wap . Holland . 28. Shirbeck Wa. 29. Kirton Wap . 30. Ellowe Wap . A Abye , Cal. Agle , Boul. Alesbie , Brod. Alesbie , Cal. ALFORD , Cal. Alge●ki●ke , K●●● . Alhallowes , Cand. Allington , Wi● . Althorpe , Man. Alvingham , Louth . Amcotes , Man. Amw●cke , Flax. Ankam Flu. Ancaster , Lou. Anderby , Cal. Anthorpe , Lou. Appley , Wrag . Appleby Man. A●metree , Horn. Asbie , Man. Asgarbye , Bul. Asgarby , Asw. Ashbye , Cand. Ashby , Ho●● . Ashby , Flax. Ashbye , Brod. Ashbye childes , Hil. Askby , Hil. Aslackby , Av● . Aspye , Br●d . Asterby , Gart. Astrope , Law. Aswarby Hil. Auburgh , Booth . Aveland , Avel . Aukley , Man. Aukeburgh , Man. Auklam Flu. Avousbye , Asw. Au●●rope , Asw. Aust north , Louth . B Bagenderby hill . Ballin , Lincoln l●ber . Bamburghe , Gart. Bane Flu. Bareby , Wiv . Bradney , Wrag . Bartholme , Nos . Barkeston , Grant. Barkworth west , Wrag . Barkworth east , Wrag . Barnalby , Brod. Bame●by , Y ar . Barrow , Y ar . Barroughbye , Wive . BARTON , Y ar . Baston dike , N●s . Baston drane , N●s . Baston , N●s . Bassingham , Booth . Bassingthorpe , Bol. BUCKINGHAM , Lov● . Beckring , Wrag . Bekbye , Y ar . Belchworth , Gart. Bele●by , Brod. Bellew , Cal. Belton , Grant. Belroste , Man. Belton , Man. Long Benington , Love. Benington , Skir. Beningworth , Wrag . Berling , Law. Benby , Y ar . Beseby , Cal. Beseby , Brod. Bever Castle , ●oant . Bewthorpe , Bol. Bicker , Kirt . Billingay , L●ng . Billingborrow , Avel . Billsby , Cal. Binbrooke , Walsh . Bishops norton , Asla . Biskthorpe , Wrag . Bitchfield , Bol. Bitham little , Bol. Blankney , Lang. Bliburgh , Asla . Bliton , Corring . Bloxham , Flax. Bolyston , Ellow . BOSTON , Skir. S. Bottolph , Skir. Boothby pannell , Wive . Boothbye , Booth . Botiford , Man. Bo●bie , Y ar . Boultham , Booth . BOVRNE , Avel . Bracebye , Grant. Bradney , VVrag . Braesbridge , Lang. Braisborough , Nos . Brakenburgh , Lud. Brambey , VVoll . Brampton , VVoll . Brandon , Love. Branswell , Flax. Branston , Lin. Brant broughton , Love. Bratleby , Law. Brawston , Lin. Bratost , Cand. Bridge end , Avel . Briggesley , Brod. Brinckle hill . Brocklesbey , Y ar . Brodley , Brod. Brombye , Man. Brotherhouse , Ellow . Brothertost , Asw. Brothertost , Kirt . Broughton , Man. Bro●holme , Law. Brunthorp , Cal. Bucknall , Gart. Bulby , Bel. BVLLINGBROOK , Bu. Bullington , VVrag . Burgh upon bane , Wrag . B●ne Flu. Burgh in the marsh , Can. Burham , Noss . Buringham , Man. Burnham , Man. Burton , Boll . Burton , Law. Burton , Asw. BVRTON , Man. Burthorpe , Avel . Burwell , Louth . Buslingthorp , Law. Butterwicke , Skir. Butterwicke west , Man. Butterwicke east , Man. C Caburne . Brod. Cadney , Y ar . Cadeby , Brod. Caester , Y ar . Calsebye , Cal. Calverthorp , Asw. Cameringham , Asla . Candlesbye , Cand. Cane●bye , Man. Canwick , L●n . Careby , Bell. Carltons , Louth . Carlton little , Louth . Carlton great , Louth . Carton castle , Louth . Carlton north , Law. Carlton south , Law. Carlton , Love. Carlton , Booth . Carleby , Noss . Casthorpe , Man. Castill , Louth . Castle bitham , Bell. Cathorpe , Love. Catley , Flax. Caukwell , Gart. Cawthorp , Avel . Cawthorp , Lud. Cainebie , Asla . Marsh Chappell , Brod. Cherry , Law. Claipoole , Love. Claithorp , Cal. Clawes crosse , Ello . Claxbye , Cal. Claxbie , Hil. Claxbie , Walsh . Clee , Brod. Cleethorp . Brod. Cleytham , Cor. Clixbie , Y ar . Clowthouse , Ellow . Clum , Lin. Coats north , Brod. Coats little , Brod. Coats great , Brod. Cockrington north ▪ Louth . Cockrington south . Louth . Cokeswould , Brod. Colsterworth , Grant. Co●sholme , Louth . Comethorpe , Bell. Connesbye , Horn. Co●bye , Bell. Coringham , Cor. Cotham Abbey , Y ar . Co●tlehall , Man. Cott. Asla . Covenham , Lud. Coulbye , Booth . Coulbye , Man. Cowbet , Ellow . Cowthorpe , Cal. Cra●well , Flax. Cretew , Bell. Croste , Cand. Crosby , Man. Croule , Man. CROWLAND , Ellow . Croxby , Walsh . Croxton , Y ar . Cumberworth , Cal. Cunningholme , Louth . Cunesby , Horn. D Dalby , Candle . DAVDERBY , Gart. Dembleby , Avel . Deeping west , Nosse . Deeping east , Nosse . MARKET DEEPING , Nosse . Deeping Fenne , Ellow . Denton , Grant. Digby , Flax. Baston Dike , Ellow . Dockdyke , Lang. Doddington , Booth . Dodington , Love. Dogdike Ferye , Horn. Doveburne , Ellow . Dewesby , Avel . Donesby , Avel . Dowesdale , Ellow . Dribie , Candle . Dun Flu. Dun holm , Law. DVNINGTON , Kirt . Dunnington upon ●ane , Gart. Dunsby , Flax. Dunsby , Avel . Dunston , Lang. Durrinton , Flax. Dyke , Avel . E Ealand , Man. Eagle , Booth . Earebie , Brod. Easton , Grant. Eastoste , Man. Edenham , Bell. Edlington . Edlington , Gar. Eglethorp , Avel . Elkington , Louth . Elsham , Y ar . Enderby mauis , Bull. Wood Enderby , Horn. Bagge Enderbye , Hill. Epworth , Man. Eveden , Asw. F Faldingworth , Law. Fanthorp , Louth . Farforth , Louth . Fareby , Y ar . Faresby , Bull. Farlesthorp , Cal. Faston , Love. Faston , Grant. Fenn west , Horn. Fenn east , Horn. Fenton , Lov● . Fenton , Well . Fereby north , Y ar . Ferye east , Cu. Fesdike Flu. Fesdike , Kirt . Fillingham , Asla . Finny●gley , Man. Fishtost , Skir. Fiskerton , Law. Fleet , Ellow . Fleet Penn , Ellow . Flixborough , Man. Folethorp , Cal. FOLKINGHAM , Avel . Foldingworth , Lin. Fossdik , Kirt . Fotherby , Lud. Fotherington , Candle . Frampton , Kirt . Frekingham , Avel . Freston , Skir. Friskney , Cand. Friston , Love. Fordingham , Man. Fulbecke , L●ve . Fulbrooke , Wivt . Fulletbye , Hill. Fullnetbye , Wrag . Fullstowe , Brod. Furby , Asla . Fusworth , Cor. Fueby , Cand. G Gaiton in the marsh , Cal. Gaiton in the wowld , L. GANESBROVGH , Cor. Garthorpe , Man. Gateburton , W●ll . Gaudbie , Gart. Gedney , Ellow . Gedney Fenn , Ellow . Gellstone , Love. Geringham , Cur. GLANFORD BRIDGE , Y ar . Glentham , Asla . Glentworth , Asla . Gokewell , Man. Gobesbye , Gart. Gonna●by , Grant. Gosberthy , Kirt . Goulthro , Wrag . Goxhill , Y ar . Grawesby , Brod. Grabye , Avel . Graie land , Ma●l . The Grange , Law. GRANTHAM Grant. Granthorp , Louth . Greenfield , Cal. Gresby , Y ar . Gree●ham , Hill. Gre●ford , Nosse . Greetewell , Law. Grinbleby , Louth . Grimsby , ●ird . Grimsthorpe , Bell. GRIMSBY GREAT , Brod. Gundbye , Bell. Gundbye , Cand. Gunthorpe , Man. Gunnyet , Man. Gunwarby , Grant. H Harbrough , Y ar . Hackthorne , Asla . Hacunby , Avel . Hagnaby , Bull. Hagworthingham , Hill. Hakeliff , Brod. Haldingham , Flax. Hallam upon bane , Hor. Hallington , Louth . Hameringham , Horn. Hamton , Wrag . Hamworth , Asla . Hanbeck , Flax. Hangholme , Louth . Hannay , Cal. Hanworth , Lang. Hardbye , Bul. Harlaxton , Grant. Halton east , Y ar . Harmethorp , Avel . Harmyston , Booth . Harpswell , Asla . Harrington , Hill. Har●sholme , Booth . Hather , Wiv● . Hatterby west , Brod. Hatton . Hatton , Wrag . Ha●etholme , Flax. Haughe , Cal. Haulton , Bull. Haulton west , Man. Haulton , Horn. Haulton , Wrag . Hawardby , Brod. Hawsted , Gar. Haxley , Man. Havham , Louth . Haysbye , Avel . Healing , Brod. Heapham , Cor. Heighington , Lang. Hekington , Asw. Helpringham , Asw. Hemingby , Gar. Hemswel , Asla . Hetost , Cal. Hiberstowe , Man. Hildich , Skir. Hoerbothe , Lang. Hoggesthorpe , Cal. Holbichthurne , Ellow . Holbeach , Ellow . Holbichdrove , Ellow . Hole great , Asw. Hole little , Asw. Holgate , Bul. Holland fenne , Ellow . Hollywell , B●l. Homerston , Brod. Horbling , Avel . HORNCASTLE , Horn. Horsington , Gar. Horstowe , Y ar . Mere Hospitall , Lang. Horoft , Cal. Houghton , Lout . Houghton , Cor. Hou●sby , Gar. Netham House , Avel . Howell , Asw. Howght on the mount , Love. Howton , Wiv● . Houlton in the clay , Bro. Howsham , Y ar . Howthorpe , B●l. Howton in the more , Wa. Humberston , Brod. Hameringham , Hill. Hundleby , Bul. Hunnington , Wiv● . Huntley ▪ Bul. Hycham south , Booth . Hycham north , Booth . I S. James deeping , Nos . Jerinham , Bel. Ikwi●h cast , Wrag . Immingham , Y ar . Ingalsby in Beltisloe Wapent , Asw. Ingham , Asla . Ingleby , W●ll . Ingoldmels Thiddlethorp , Ca. Ingoldmels , Cand. Ithve , Cand. Itfo●d abby , Walsh . C Keadby , Man. Easter Keales , Bul. Wester Keales , Bul. Ked●ington , Louth . Kelbye , Asw. Keleby , Y ar . Kellfeild , Man. Kellsey south , Walsh . Kellsey north , Y ar . Kelsterne , Louth . Kettlesbye , Hill. Ketlethorp ▪ Wall , Kexbie , Well . Killingholme , Y ar . Kingerbye , Walsh . Kirkby , Walsh . Kirkby , Asw. Kirkby green , Lang. Kirby upon bane , Gar. Kirkby underwood ▪ A. Kirkby east , Bul. Kirkseek , Grant. Kirksteed Abbey , Gart. Kirmington , Y ar . Kirmonde , Wrag . Kirmonde in the myre , Walsh . Kirton holme , Ki● . KIRKTON , Kirt . Kirton in lindsey , Cor. Knathe , Cor. Kneadbye , Man. Kyme north , Lang. Kyme south , Asw. Kysebye stādeth in the circuit of Aveland . As. L South Lake , Nosse . Langerton , W●l . Langrike ferye , Horn. Langton , Hil. Langton , Gart. Langtost , Nosse . Langworth , Law. Largton , Gart. Laschy , Brod. Lawghton , Avel . S. Leonard , Ellow . Leake , Skir. Lebthorpe , Bell. Long Ledesham , Love. Lee , Corring . Legburne , Cal. Legsbye , Wrag . Lesingham . Flax. Levat east , Man. Leverton , Skir. Levington , Bel. LINCOLNE , Law Lingwood grange , La. Linwood , Walsh . Lissington , Wrag . Londenthorp , Grant. London eastcoate , Nos . Longtost , Nosse . Longtost drane , Noss . Kirk Loughton , Wrag . Loughton , Asw. LOVMHE , Louth . Lownde , Bell. Ludford , Wrag . Luddinton , Man. Ludbroughe , Lud. Lusbye , Bul. Lutton burne , Ellow . LYMBERGH GREAT , Y ar . Lymbergh little ▪ Y ar . M Mablethorpe , Cal. Maden house , Love. Maidewell , Louth . Malmton , Man. Maltby , Cal. Maltby , Louth . Manbye , Louth . Manbye , Man. Manesgate , Hil. Manie , Bulling . Manthorp , Gran. Manthorp , Bell. Manthorp , Call. Marching in the Fenne , Horn. Maring on the hill , Horn. Markbie , Cal. Martin , Gart. Marton , Well . S. Maries . Can. Melton rosle , Y ar . Melwood parke , Man. Mereland , Booth . Merston , Love. Merton ▪ Lang. Messingham , Man. Metheringham , Lang. Milthorpe , Avel . Minting , Gart. Moreby , Horn. Morton , Avel . Morton , Cor. Moulton , Ellow . Moulton Chapell , Ell. Moulton second , Ellow . Muckton , Louth . N Nanelye , Booth . Netisham , Law. Nettleton , Y ar . Newfeild , Y ar . Newgate , Horn. Netham house , Avel . Newsham Abby , Y ar . Newton , W●ll . Newton , Avel . Newton , Walsh . Nockton , Lang. Normanby , Asla . Normanbie , W●ll . Normanby , Walsh . Normanton , Love. Northorp , Corring . North ferebie . North rosbye , Brod. Norton Disney , Booth . Numbye , Cal. Numbye Chapell , Cal. O Obthorpe , Nosse . Oldfeild , Law●● . Onebye little , Wive . Onebye great , Wive . Onlesbie , Cal. Orbye , Cand. Ormesbye north , Lud. Ormesbye , Hill. Osburnby , Avel . Osgarbie , Bell. Osgodby , Walsh . Otenbie , Y ar . Oumbie , Asla . Ouston , Man. Owmby , Y ar . Owresbye , Walsh . Oxcombe , Hill. P Panton , Wrag . Partney , Candle . Pawnton great , Grant. Pawnton little , Wive . Pickworth , Avel . Pikale , Ellow . Pilham , Corring . Pluckarre , Hill. Pointon , Avel . Potter , Lang● ▪ Pyncebecke , Ellow . Q QVAPLODE . Quarrington , Asw. Quodring , Kirt . R Raithby , Louth . Rande , Wrag . Randbye , Gart. Rasen west , Walsh . Rasen east , Walsh . Middle Rasen , Walsh . MARKET RASEN , Walsh . Ravendale east , Brod. Ravendale west , Brod. Reau●bie , Bull. Redborne , Man. Red deere parke , Bel. Repham , Law. Reson north , Louth . Reston , Cal. Ribie , Y ar . Richmonton , Skir. Rigsbie . Cal. Ringston , Avel . Rippingall , Avel . Ropesley , Wive . Rothbye , Bul. Rothbye , Cand. Rothwell , Brod. South Rouceby , Flax. North Rouceby , Flax. Roughton , Gart. Roughton , Horn. Rowston , Flax. Roxbye , Man. Roxham ▪ Flax. Ruckland , Hill. Ryland , Law. Rysbie , Man. Ryskington , Flax. S Salmondby , Hil. Saltfletby west , Louth . Saltfletby east , Louth . Middle Saltfletby , Louth . Saltflet haven , Louth . SALTFLEET , Louth . Saneton , Man. Sausthorpe , Hil. Sapperton , Grant. Sawcleefe , Man. Saxbie , Y ar . Saxbie . Saxelbie , Law. Scalbie , Man. Scamelsbie , Gart. Scarle north , Booth . Scartho , Brod. Scaupwich , Lang. Scothorne , Law. Scounthorp , Man. Scarfeild , Hil. Scroope , Love. Seamelly , Gart. Sempringham , Av●l . Sentost ferry , Man. Serebie , Y ar . Shepewash , Lang. Sidebreck , Wive . Sibsey , Bul. Silesbie , Cal. Silk , Asw. Sixill , Wrag . Sixill Abbey , Wrag . Skampton , Law. Skendleby , Cand. Skegnes , Cand. Skeldick , Kirt . Skellingthorpe , Booth . Skidbrough , Louth . Skillington , Bel. Skirbeck , Skir. Skoston , Cor. Skotten , Cor. Skottere , Cor. Sk●ekington , Asw. Skrele●bie , Gart. Skrembye , Can. Skynnard , Booth . SLEFORD , Flax Snatford , Law. Snelland , Wrag . Snitterby , Asla . Solesbie , Cal. Somerby , Y ar . Somerby , Wive . Somerby , Cor. Somerton castle , Booth . Sommerby , Hill. Sommercotes north , Love. Sommercotes south , Love. Sotbie , Wrag . Southerton , Kirt . Southorpe , Cor. Southrey , Gart. Southorpe , Bel. Sowthestoke , Grant. SPALDING , Ell. Spanby , Avel . SPILLSBY , Bul. Spittlegate , Wive . Spittle in the street , Asla . Spridlington , Asla . Springthorpe , Cor. Staine , Cal. Stanygot , Gart. Stainfeild , Wrag . Stainflet , Avel . Stainton , Wrag . Market Stainton , Gar. Stainton in the hole , Walsh . Stapleford , Booth . Stallingbourgh , Y ar . STAMFORD , Noss . Stamfeild , Wrag . Stamford baron , Nosse . Stanygott , Gart. Staynbye , Bel. Steeping great , Cand. Steeping little , Bul. Stickforth , Bul. Stickney , Bul. Stillington , Grant. Stock●orth , Cor. Stoke north , Wive . Stothy , Wrag . Stowe , Nosse . Stowe , Well . Stowe , Avel . Streglethorpe , Love. Strawghton , Grunt . Stretton , Well . Strotton , Wive . Strobby , Cal. Stubby , Cal. Stukeswold , Gar. Stubton , Love. Stuton , Gar. Sturton great , Gar. Stutton , Louth . Sudbroke , Law. Sudbrooke , Love. Surf●●er , Kirt . Suridlington , Asla . Sutterby , Cand. Sutto● , Cal. Sutton , Love. Sutton burne , Ellow . Sutton S. Edmonds , Ellow . Sutton S. James , Ellow . Sutton S. Maries , Ellow . Sutton S. Leonards , Ellow Swabye , Cal. Swafeild , Bel. Swallow , Brod. Swaton , Avel . Swineshead , Kir . Swinestead , Bel. Swinehop , Walsh . Swinethorpe , Wrag . Swynerton , Booth . Sydebrooke , Wive . T Taland , Man. Tathwell , Louth . Tattershall chase , Gart. TATTERSHALL , Ga. Tayntons , Horn. Taynton lower , Horn. Taynton higher , Horn. Tedd S. Maries , Ellow . Temple bruer , Flax. Thetsord , Hill. Teuleby , Walsh . Thatleby , Noss . Theddlethorps , Cal. Theresthorpe , Cal. Theresway , Walsh . Theresbie , Brod. Thiniok , Cor. Thimelby , Horn. Thimel●y Gart. THONGE CASTLE , Brod. Tharganby , Brod. Thorganbye , Walsh . Thor●bye australis , Cal. Thorne , Man. Thornham , Man. Thornton , Gar. Thornton , Y ar . Thornton in the more , Wal. Thornton curtis , Y ar . Thorpe ▪ Y ar . Thorpe , Law. Thorpe , Lang. Thorpe , Cand. Thorpe , Bul. Thorpe on the mount , Booth . Thorsthorp , Cal. Thirsthorp , Law. Thurlebye , Booth . Thursthorp , Cal. Timberland , Lang. Tollington , Nosse . Torksey in the circuit of Aslaco wap . La. Tost , Bell. Tost , Walsh . Tothill , Cal. Totney , Brod. The Tower , Gart. Towes , Walsh . Toynton , Bull. Trent Flu. Tumbey , Horn. Thurleby , Cal. Turrington East , Wrag . Terrington West , Wrag . Tu●ham , Gart. Tylney , Lang. V Vanby Abbey , Bel. Vffington , Nosse . Vlsebye , Y ar . Vlsebye , Cal. Vpton , Well . Vsselbye , Walsh . Vtterby , Lud. W Waddingham , Man. Waddington , Booth . Waddington , Linc. Waddingworth , Gar. Wailesbye , Well . WAINFLEET , Can. Waithe , Brod. Walcotts , Man. Walcott , Lang. Walcott , Avel . Waldram hall , Nos . Wallton , Wive . Walshcrost , Walsh . Waltuth , Cor. Waltting , Cor. Waltham , Brod. Waplade drove , P●r. Wapton , W●v● . Warton , Cor. Washenburgh , Lan. Water Willowby , Avel . Welbourne , Booth . Welbye , Wive . Well , Cal. Wellane Flu. Wellinghore , Booth . Welton , Can. Welton , Law. Welton , Louth . Wostborough , Louth . Westby , Bel. Weston , Ellow . Westwood , Man. Whapledd , Ellow . Whiconbye , Wrag . Whitton , Man. Whystye , Booth . Wiberton rode , Kirt . Wickham Ellow . Wigtost , Kirt . Wikam , Wrag . Wikkenbye , Wrag . Wilberton , Kirt . Wildmore sen , Horn. Wildsworth , Cor. Willingham south , Wrag . Willingham north , Wals. Willingham , Asla . Willingham , Well . Willisforth , Wive . Willoughby , Cal. Willowby , Love. Willowby , Asw. Willsby , Horn. Wilsthorpe , Nosse . Winceby , Hill. Wingsby , Bulling . Winthorpe , Cand. Wintringham , Man. Wintrington , Man. Wispington , Gar. Witham north , Bel. Witham south , Bel. Witham , Bel. Witham Flu. Withcall , Louth . Witherne , Cal. Witlingham , Law. Woodhall , Gar. Woodthorpe , Cal. VVollstrope , Gran. VVorke , Man. VVorlaby , Y ar . VVotron , Y ar . VVowld Newton , Brod. VVragholme , Lud. VVrangle , Skir. VVragby , Wrag . VVraubie , Y ar . VVrighthold , Avel . VVyllyton , Asla . VVylsthorp , Noss . VVyngall , Walsh . VVysham , Lud. VVytham , Bel. Y Yarburgh , Louth . NOTTINGHAM-SHIRE . CHAPTER XXXIII . NOTTINGHAM-SHIRE ( from Nottingham her chiefest Town hath the name ; and that , somewhat softned from the Saxons Snoddengaham , for the many Dens or Caves wrought in her Rocks and under-ground ) lyeth bordered upon the North and North-west with York-shire ; upon the East a good distance by Trent is parred from , and with Lincoln-shire ; altogether confined : the South with Leicester-shire and the West by the River Erwash is separated from Darby-shire . ( 2 ) For forme long and Ovall-wise , doubling in length twice her bredth , whose extreames are thus extended and distance observed : From Finingley North to Steanford in the South , are thirty eight English miles ; her West part from Teversall to Besthorp in the East are little more then nineteene ; whose circumference draweth much upon one hundred and ten miles . ( 3 ) The Aire is good , wholesome , and delectable ; the Soile is rich , sandy , and clayie , as by the names of that Counties divisions may appeare : and surely for Corne and Grasse so fruitfull , that it secondeth any other in the Realme : and for Water , Woods , and Canell Coales abundantly stored . ( 4 ) Therein groweth a Stone softer then Alablaster , but being burnt maketh a plaister harder then that of Paris : wherewith they floore their upper roomes ; for betwixt the Joysts they lay onely long Bulrushes , and thereon spread this Plaister , which being throughly dry becomes most solide and hard , so that it seemeh rather to be firme stone then mortar , and is trod upon without all danger . In the West neere Worksop groweth plentie of Liquorice very delicious and good . ( 5 ) More South in this Shire , at Stoke , in the Raigne of King Henry the seventh , a great battle was fought by Iohn De-la-pole Earle of Lincoln , which Richard the Usurper had declared his Heire apparant , but Richard losing his life , and De-la-pole his hopes , in seeking here to set up a Lambert , fell downe himself : and at Newarke after many troubles King Iohn got his peace with the end of his life . ( 6 ) Trade and commerce for the Countries provision is frequented in eight Market-Towns in this Shire , whereof Nottingham is both the greatest and best : a Town seated most pleasant and delicate upon a high hill , for buildings stately , and number of faire streets surpassing and surmounting many other Cities , and for a spacious and most faire Market place doth compare with the best . Many strange Vaults hewed out of the rocks , in this Towne are seene ; and those under the Castle of an especiall note , one for the Story of Christs Passion engraven in the Walls , and cut by the hand of David the second King of Scots , whilest he was therein detained prisoner . Another wherein Lord Mortimer was surprised in the non-age of King Edward the third , ever since bearing the name of Mortimers Hole ; these have their staires and severall roomes made artificially even out of the Rocks : as also in that hill are dwelling houses with winding staires , windows , chimneys , and roome above roome , wrought all out of the solide Rocke . The Castle is strong , and was kept by the Danes against Burthred , Ethelred , and Elfred , the Mercian , and West-Saxon Kings , who together laid their siege against it : and for the further strength of the Towne King Edward , surnamed the Elder , walled it about , whereof some part as yet remaines , from the Castle to the West-gate , and thence the foundation may be perceived to the North ; where in the midst of the way ranging with this banke , stands a gate of Stone , and the same tract passing along the North part may well be perceived : the rest to the River , and thence to the Castle are built upon , and thereby buried from sight : whose circuit , as I tooke it , extendeth two thousand one hundred and twentie pases . ( 7 ) In the warres betwixt Stephen and Maud the Empresse , by Robert Earle of Glocester these Walles were cast down , when also the Towne it selfe suffered the calamitie of fire : but recovered to her former estate , hath since increased in beauty and wealth , and at this day is governed by a Maior and sixe Aldermen , clad in skarlet , two Sheriffs , two Chamberlains , a Town-clerke , and six Sergeants with Maces , their attenders : whose position hath the pole elevated fiftie three degrees , 25. minutes in Latitude , and hath the Meridian nine degrees and 25. minutes . This town hath been honored by these Princes titles , and these Princes dignified with the Earldom of Nottingham , whose severall Armes in the Card it selfe is inserted to sight . Religious houses that have been erected and now suppressed in the compasse of this County , chiefly were Newsted , Lenton , Shelford , Southwell , Thurgarton , Blith , Welbeck and Radford ; in Nottingham the White and Gray Fryers , besides a little Chappell dedicated to S. Iohn . All which shew the devotions of those former times : which their remembrance may move , if not condemn us , that have more knowledge , but farre lesse pietie . The Shires division is principally into two : which the Inhabitants terme the Sand and the Clay , but for Taxe to the Crowne , or service for State , is parted into eight Wapentakes or Hundreds , wherein are seated 168. Parish-Churches . map of Nottinghamshire THE COUNTIE OF NOTTINGHAM described THE SHIRE TOWNES SITUATION AND THE EARLS THERE OF observed 1. BAssetlawe , Wapen . 2. Northclay , Divis. 3. Southclay , Division . 4. Newarke , Wapentake . 5. Broxtow , Wapentake . 6. Thurgarton , Wapent . 7. Bingham , Wapentake . 8. Rushcliffe , Wapentake . A Akering , Southclay . Akley , Basset . Allerton , Basset . S. Ambrose , Bing . Ampton , Southclay . Ansley , Brox. Ansley woodhouse , Brox. Arnold , Brox. Ashfeild , Brox. Askam , Southclay . Astakton , Bing . Attenton , Brox. B Babworth , Bosset . Balderton , New. Bantree , Basset . Basford , Brox. Basingfield , Bing . Barley grange , Thurg. Barmby in the willowes , New. Barmby on the more , Bas. Barnston , Bing . Barton , Rush. Beckingham , Northclay . Belam , Northclay . Bellon , Southclay . Benall , Brox. Bernthorp , New. Beskwood lodge , Brox. Bestwood parke , Brox. Besthorp , New. Beston , Brox. Bilborow , Brox. Bilsthorp , Southclay . Bingham , Bing . Bircotes , Basset . Bleasbie , Thurg. Blodworth , Brox. BLITH , Basset . Bole , Northclay . Boucot , Thurg. Boughton , Basset . Bothmusall , Basset . Bradmeere , Rush. Bramcot , Brox. Bridgeford East , Bing . Bridgeford West , Rush. Brimsley , Brox. Brodham , New. Nether Broughton , Bing . Budly , Basset . Bulwell , Bro. Bunney , Rush. Burton , Thurg. Burton West , Northclay . Bilbie , Basset . C Calverton , Thurg. Carberton , Basset . Carletons , Basset . Carleton , Thurg. 3. Carleton , Thurg. 3. Carleton , Thurg. 3. Carroulston , Bing . Caunton , Thurg. Chilwill , Brox. Claworth , Northclay . Claerbourgh , Northclay . Clifton North , New. Clifton South , New. Clyfton , Bing . Clunther , Basset . Clipston , Rush. Clipston , Basset . Coddington , New. Codgrave , Bing . Codlingstocke , Rush. Collingham North , New. Collingham South , New. Colwick , Thurg. Cossall , Brox. Cotes , Northclay . Cotham , Northclay . Cotham , New. Coulston , Bing . Coulston Basset , Bing . Cropwell Bishop , Bing . Cropwell Butlet , Bing . Crumwell , Thurg. D Darleton , Northclay . Draiton VVest , Basset . Draiton East , Southclay . Dorkard , Brox. Dunham , Southclay . E Easter Leake , Rush. Eaton , Southclay . Edwalton , Rush. Edwinstow , Basset . Egmanton , Southclay . Elkesley , Basset . Elston , New. Elton , Bing . Eperston , Thurg. Erwash Flu. Estwood , Brox. Everton , Northclay . F Farindon , New. Farnesfeild , Thurg. Fellie , Brox. Fenton , Northclay . Fiskerton , Thurg. Fledborough , Thurg. Flintham , Bing . Flixthorp , Basset . Fymingley , Basset . Fleet Flu. G Gamston , Southclay . Gaitforth , Basset . Girton , New. Godling , Thurg. Gonalston , Thurg. Gotham , Rush. Granby , Bing . Gresthorpe , Thurg. Griesley , Brox. Gringley on the hill , Nort Gringley , Northclay . Grove Southclay . Gunthorp , Thurg. H Hablestorp , Northclay . Halam , Thurg. Hallington , Thurg. Hanton , Thurg. Hardwick , Brox. Hareby , New. Harworth , Basset . Haverham , Thurg. Hawksworth , Bing . Hawton , New. Haiton , Northclay . Headon , Southclay . Heddingley , Thurg. Hexgrave parke , Thurg. Hickling , Bing . Hockerton , Thurg. Hodsokes , Basset . Hokdike Flu. Holbeck Woodhouse , Basset . Holme , Bing . Holme , New. Horringham , Thurg. Houghton , Basset . Hucknall , Brox. I Idle Flu. Idleton , Southclay . K Keeton , Bing . Kellam , Thurg. Kersall , Thurg. Keyworth , Rush. Kimberley , Brox. Kingston , Rush. Kirkby , Brox. Kirklington , Thurg. Kirton , Southclay . 2. Kirton , Southclay . 2. Knesall , Thurg. Kynolton , Bing . Kynston , Rush. L Lamley , Thurg. La●gar , Bing . Langforth , New. Langhton lodge , Brox. Langham , Southclay . Laxton , Southclay . Lenton , Brox. Leverton South , Northc . Leverton North , Northc . Linby , Brox. LITTLE-BROUGH , North. Lodge in the wowld , Bing . Lowdham , Thurg. Lynhurst wood , Brox. M Manner , Basset . MANSFEILD , Brox. Mansfield Woodhouse , Brox. Markham East , South . Markham West , South . Marnham , Thurg. Maplebeck , Thurg. Mattersey , Basset . Maun Flu. Mering , New. Missen , Basset . Misterton , Northclay . Morehouse , Southclay . Morton , Thurg. Muscombe South , Thu. Muscombe North , Th. N NEWARKE , New. Newsted , Bro. Newthorp , Bro. Normanton upon Sore , Rush. Normanton , Basset . Normanton , Thurg. Norton Cucknie , Bas. Norwell , Thurg. NOTTINGHAM , Thu. Nutthall , Brox. O Ordsall , Basset . Orston , Bing . Osburton , Basset . Ossington , Thurg. Ouldcots , Basset . Ourney , Basset . Owthorpe , Bing . Oxton , Thurg. P Paplewick , Brox. Parklathes , Thurg. Plumtree , Rush. Perlethorpe , Basset . R Radford , Brox. Radforth , Basset . Ragnell , South . Rampton , Southclay . Ranskill , Basset . Ratcliffe upon Sore , Rush. Ratcliffe , upon Trent , Bing . REDFORD , North. Remston , Rush. Roulston , Thurg. Ruddington , Rush. Rughford , Basset . S Saundby , Northclay . Saxendale , Bing . Scarrington , Bing . Scofton , Basset . Screveton , Bing . Scrooby , Basset . Selston , Brox. Shelford , Bing . Shel●ord Abbey , Bing . Sherewood forrest , Bing . Shelton , New. Sibthorpe , New. Skarle South , New. Skarle North , New. Skegby , Brox. Slauford , Rush. SOVTHWELL , Thu. Soveam , Basset . Spadworth , New. Stanford , Rush. Stapleford , Brox. Staunton , New. Staunton , Bing . Stockwit●h , Northclay . Stoke , New. Stoke , Thurg. Stokham , Southclay . Strelley , Brox. Stretford East , Northc . Sturrop , Basset . Sturton , Northclay . Surlby , Basset . Sutton , Brox. Sutton , Bing . Sutton , Thurg. Sutton upon Lound , Basset . Sutton Bonington , Ru. Sweynton , Thurg. Syerston , New. T Terleton , Rush. Teversall , Brox. Thornie , New. Thorney wood , Bas. Thoroton , Bing . Thorpe , New. Thorpe , Basset . Thowresby , Basset . Thurmpton , Rus. Thurgarston , Thurg. Tilney , Northclay . Tollaston , Bing . Torworth , Basset . Towto , Brox. Triswell , Southclay . Trent Flu. Trowell , Brox. Tuxford , South . Tythby , Bing . V Upton , Thurg. Upton , Southclay . W Waerton , Bing . Walesby , basset . Wallam , Northclay . Walley , basset . Walkeringham , Nort. Wansley , bro. VVarnham , Thurg. VVarsope , basset . VVatnall , brox . Welbeck Abbey , bass . Welley , Southclay . VVester Leake , Rus. VVesterford , basset . VVeston , Thurg. VVhatton , bing . Wheatley North , Northcl . Wheatley South , Northclay . VVhit VVater Flu. Widmerepoole , Rus. VViest , Northclay . VViggesley , New. VVilford , Rus. VVilloughbie , Rus. VVilloughbie , Thurg. VVinkborne , New. VVinthorpe , New. VVisall , Rus. Woldingwels , basset . VVollerton , brox . VVoodborow , Thurg. VVoodthorpe , Thurg. WORKSOP , Basset . DARBY-SHIRE , which the English Saxons called Deorbicire , lyeth inclosed upon her North parts with York-Shire ; upon the East with Nottingham-shire ; upon the South with Leicester-shire ; and upon the West is parted with the Rivers Dove and Goyt from Stafford and Chesse-shires . ( 2 ) It is in forme somewhat triangle , though not of any equall distance , growing from her narrow South-point still wider , and in the North is at the broadest : for from Stretton neere the head of Mese , to New Chappell seated neer the head of Derwent , the two extremes from North to South are thirty eight miles : but from the Shire-Oakes unto the meeting of Mersey and Goyt , the broadest part of all this Shire , is not fully twenty-nine ; the whole in circumference extendeth to an hundred and thirty miles . ( 3 ) The Aire is good , and very healthfull : the soyle is rich , especially in her South and East parts : but in the North and West is hilly , with a blacke and mossie ground , both of them fast-handed to the Ploughers paines , though very liberall in her other gifts : whose natures thus dissenting , the River Derwent doth divide asunder , that taketh course thorow the heart or midst of this Countie . ( 4 ) The ancient people that possessed these parts in the times of the Romans assaults , were the Coritani , whom Ptolemie disperseth thorow Northampton , Leicester , Rutland , Lincolne , Nottingham , and this Shire , who were all of them subdued by P. Ostorius Scapula , Lieutenant in this Province for Claudius the Emperour . But Romes Empire failing in Britaine , by the intestine warres among themselves , the Saxons ( a more savage and fearfull Nation ) soon brought it under their subjection , and made this a Province unto their Mercians Kingdome , whom the West-Saxons first wanne , and againe lost to the Normans . ( 5 ) It is stored with many Commodities , and them of much worth ; for besides woods and cattle , sheepe and corne , every where over-spreading the face of this County , the Mill-stone , Crystall , & Alablaster , the Mines of Pit-coale , Iron , and Lead , are of great price : whereof the last is mentioned in Pliny , who writeth , that in Britaine , in the very crust of the ground , without any deep digging , is gotten so great store of Lead , that there is a Law expresly made of purpose , forbidding men to make more then to a certain stint . Whose stones are plenteously gotten in those Mountaines , and melted into Sowes , to no small profit of the Countrey . There is found also in certaine veines of the earth , Stibium , which the Apothecaries call Antimonium , and the Alchymists hold in great esteeme . ( 6 ) Places for commerce , or memorable note , the first is Darby the Shire-towne , called in the English Saxon-Tongue Nordhwodrhig , and by the Danes Deoraby , seated upon the West banke of Derwent , where also a small Brook rising westward , runneth thorow the Towne under nine Bridges , before it meets with her farre greater River Derwent , which presently it doth , after she hath passed Tenant Bridge in the South-East of the Towne . But a Bridge of more beauty , built all of Free-Stone , is passed over Derwent in the North-East of the Towne , whereon standeth a faire stone Chappell , and both of them bearing the names of Saint Maries : five other Churches are in this Town , the chiefest whereof is called Alhallowes , whose Steeple or Bell-Tower being both beautifull and high , was built onely at the charges of young men and maides , as is witnessed by the inscription cut in the same upon every square of the Steeple . Among the miserable desolations of the Danes , this Towne bare a part , but by Lady Ethelfleda was a gaine repaired , and is at this day incorporated with the yearly government of two Bailiffes elect out of twenty-foure brethren , besides as many Burgesses of Common-Counsell , a Recorder , Town-Clerke , and two Sergeants with Mace : whose Graduation is observed from the Equator to be 53. degrees , 25. scruples , and from the first point in the West , 19. degrees , 2. scruples . ( 7 ) Little-Chester ( by the Romish Mony there daily found ) seemeth to have beene ancient , and that a Colonie of the Roman Souldiers there lay . Yet of farre greater fame was Repandunum , now Repton , where Ethelbald the ninth King of the Mercians , & fifteenth Monarch of the English-men , slain at Seggeswald by the treason of his subjects , was interred : and whence Burthred , the last King of that people , was expulsed with his Queene Ethelswith , by the rage of the Danes , after twentie-two years reign . But with a more pleasing eye we may behold Melborne , the memoriall of English-mens great valor , where in that Castle was kept Prisoner Iohn Duke of Burbon , taken captive in the Battle of Agincourt , and therein detained the space of nineteene yeares . ( 8 ) Things of stranger note are the hot Water-springs , bursting forth of the ground at Buxton , where out of the rock within the compasse of eight yards , nine springs arise , eight of them warme , but the ninth very cold . These runne from under a faire square building of Free-stone , and about threescore paces off , receive another hot spring from a Well , inclosed with foure flat stones , called S. Annes ; neere unto which , another very cold spring bubled up . The report goeth among the by-dwellers , that great cures by these waters have been done : but daily experience sheweth , that they are good for the stomach and sinewes , and very pleasant to bathe the body in . Not farre thence is Elden-hole , whereof strange things have beene told , and this is confidently affirmed , the waters that trickle from the top of that Cave ( which indeed is very spacious , but of a low and narrow entrance ) doe congeale into stone , and hang as ickles in the roofe . Some of them were shewed at my being there , which like unto such as the frost congealeth , were hollow within , and grew Taper-wise towards their points , very white , and somewhat Crystall-like . And seven miles thence , upon a mounted hill , standeth a Castle , under which there is a hole or Cave in the ground of a marvellous capacity , which is commonly called The Devils Arse in the Peake , whereof Gervose of Tilbury hath told many pretty tales , and others doe make it one of the wonders of our Land. ( 9 ) As in other Counties the devotions of the religious have been made apparent in the erection of places for Gods peculiar service ; so in this have bin founded 8. of that nature , which were Dale , Derelege , Darby , Repton , Bechif , Graiesley , Faverwell , and Pollewerke : whose peace and plenty stood secure from all danger , till the blustering windes arising in the reigne of King Henry the eight , blew off the pinacles of their beautious buildings , and shook asunder the revenewes of those Foundations which never are like againe to be laid . ( 10 ) This Shire is divided into sixe Hundreds wherein have been seated seven Castles , and is still traded with eight Market-Towns , and replenished with one hundred and sixe Parish-Churches : whose names follow in the Table annexed . map of Derbyshire Anno DARBIESHIRE described 1610 HUNDREDS in Darby-shire . 1. HIghpeak Hu. 2. Scarsdale H. 3 Worksworth Wap . 4 Morleston & Lytchurch H 5. Appletrie Hund. 6. Reppington & Gresly H. A Abney , Peak . Alderousley , Apple . Aldwarke , Work. Alderwashley , Work. Allestree , Morl. ALLFRETON , Scar. Alsoppe , Work. Aluaston , Morl. Ambaston , Morl. Amber Flu. Appleby ▪ Rep. Arlaston , Apple . Aston , Peak . Atlowe , Apple . Aulkmanton , Apple . Aulport , Peak . Aulton , Scar. Ashe , Apple . ASHBORNE , Work. Ashford , Peak . Ashlchay , Apple . Ashover , Scar. Aston , Scar. Aston upon Trent , Mor. Auton , Apple . B Bakewell , Peak . Ballidor , Work. BANKEWELL , Peak . Barbrough , Scar. Barley , Scar. Barowe , Morl. Barwardcote , Morl. Baslow , Peak . Beardhall , Peak . Bechif Abby , Scar. Beighton , Scar. Belay chappell , Scar. Belghe , Scar. Belpar , Apple . Bentley fenny , Work. Bentley , Appl. Hungary Bentley . Appl. Birchhill , Peak . Blackwell , Scar. Blaugherby , Rep. Bothmusoill , Peak . Bousover , Scar. Bouthe nether , Peak . Bouteshall , Work. Bowdon , Peak . Bowdon Middlecall , Peak . Bowlton , Morl. Boylston , Appl. Bradburne , Work. Bradford Flu. Bradley , Appl. Bradfall , Marl. Bradwell , Peak . Braiston , Morl. Brakenfeild , Scar. Bralesford , Appl. Bramford , Peak . Bramton , Scar. Brassington , Work. Bredfall , Appl. Bretbye , Rep. Brinington , Scar. Church Broughtor , Appl. Burbrok Flu. Burton blunt , Apple . Burghe , Peak . Butterley . Morl. Buxton Well , Peak . C Caldwall , Rep. Calke , Rep. Calew , Scar. Carlingthwart hall , Scar. Carson , Work Castleton , Peak Castle in the peake , Peak . Catton , Rep. Cawlow , Work. Codnor , Morl. Cawner , Peak . Cawton , Peak . Chadesdon , Morl. Chalesworth , Peak . Chamber in the forest , Peak . New Chappell , Peak CHAPELL IN THE FRITH , Peak Chattesden , Appl. Chattesworth , Scar. Chellaston , Rep. Chelmarton , Peak . Chester eaton , Morl. CHESTER FEILD , Sc. Chilcot , Rep. Church broughton , Ap. Clapwell , Scar. Clinton , Scar. Clowne , Scar. Clownchurch , Scar. Clyfton , Morl. Clyfton , Appl. Codner , Morl. Codner Castle , Morl. Compton , Morl. Corther , Scar. Coton , Rep. Cowdale , Peak . Cowlowe , Peak . Crawloe Flu. Creswell , Scar. Crich , Morl. Crich chase , Morl. Crougston , Work. Croxall , Rep. Crumforth , Work. Cubley , Appl. D Dalbury lees , Appl. Dale , Morl. DARBY , Morl. Darleygh , Morl. Darley , Peak . Darley hall , Scar. Darwell Flu. Darwen chapell , Peak . Denby , Morl. Dethick , Work. Dove Flu. Dove bridge , Appl. Dower , Scar. Draklowe , Rep. Dranfeild , Scar. Draycot , Morl. Duckmanton , Scar. Duffeild , Appl. Dunfeild , Morl. Dunston , Scar. E Eaton , Work. Eaton , Appl. Eaton long , Morl. Eckelsborne Flu. Edall , Peak . Edall , Peak Edlaston , Appl. Edleston hall , Scar. Edynsar , Peak . Egington , Morl. Eham , Peak . Eissington , Work. Ekington , Scar. Elden hall , Peak . Elmeton , Scar. Elton , Work. Elwall , Appl. Elwaston , Morl. Erewashe Flu. Eveley . F Fatters feild . Peak . Fernhouses , Peak . Findern , Morl Flaghouses , Peak . Folowe , Peak . Formarke , Rep. Foston , Appl. Foxholes , Peak . Frithley , Morl. Furland hall , Scar. G Glapwell , Scar. Gledles , Scar. Glossoppe , Peak . Gratton , Wor. Gresley castle , Rep. Gresley , Rep. Grinsowe , Peak . H Hadden hall , Peak . Hadden Ouell , Peak . Kirke Hallam , Morl. Hallam west , Morl. Hanley , Scar. Hardwick , Scar. Hartington , Wor. Hartley hall , Peak . Hartshorne , Rep. Hartwood grange , Scar. Hassep , Peak . Hathersedge , Peak . Hatton , Appl. Heanor , Morl. Heath , Scar. Heathfeild , Peak . Hethcote , W●rk . Higham , Scar. Higham , Scar. Hilton , Appl. Hogmaston , Work. Holbroke , Morl. Holland , Appl. Hollington , Appl. Holmehall , Scar. Hoone , Appl. Hope , Peak . Hopton , Work. Hopwell , Morl. Horeston castle , Morl. Horsley , Morl. Houghton , Scar. Hounsfeild , Scar. Hucklow great , Peak . Hucklow little , Peak . Huckney , Scar. Hugh parke , Wor. Hussington grange ▪ Wor. Hyghlow , Peak . I Iberb Flu. Ible , Work. Iheo , Work. Ilkeston , Morl. Ingleby , Rep. Inkersell , Scar. Ireton kirk , Work. Ireton little , Appl. K Kedleston , Appl. Kilborne , Morl. Kilmarsh , Scar. Knynsynton , Wor. Knyveton , Wor. L Langford , Apple . Kirke Langley , Morl. Langley meanell , Appl. Langley , Morl. Lang with Ouer , Scar. Lasco , Morl. Lea , Wor. Lees hall , Appl. Linton , Rep. Litchurch , Morl. Lithkell Flu. Longston , Peak . Lullington , Rep. Lytton , Peak . M Makeney , M●rl . Mapperley , Appl. Mappleton , Wor. Marketon , Morl. Markworth , Morl. Marlock ▪ Wor. Marston , Appl. Marston Montgomery , Appl. Measo Flu. Measam , Rep. Melburne , Rep. Melburne castle , Rep. Meller chappell , Peak . Mersey Flu. Mersh hall , Peak . Middleton , Wor. Middleton stonie , Peak . Mircaston , Appl. Monyashe , Peak . Morehouses , Scar. Morley , Morl. Morley park , Morl. Morton , Scar. Mogington , Appl. Mylnhouse , Peak . Mylntown , Scar. Mylton , Rep. N Nedam grange , Wor. Netherthorpe , Scar. Newhold , Scar. Newmedow , Peak . Newton kings , Rep. Newton stony , Rep. Norbery , Appl. Normanton , Scar. Normanton , Rep. Normanton south , Scar. Norton , Scar. Now Flu. Nowstoole hill , Peak . O Oclebrook , Morl. Ogston , Scar. Okesgreene , Appl. Okethorpe , Rep. Oscote , Wor. Oslaston , Appl. Osmaston , Rep. Osmaston , Appl. Ouer great , Morl. Ouer little , Morl. Ouston , Scar. Owlerset , Peak . Oxcroft , Scar. P Padley , Peak . Palterton , Scar. Parwich , Wor. Peake forest , Peak . Pentrich , Morl. Pilsey , scar. Pilsey , Peak . Pilsbury grange , Wor. Pinxton , scar. Pleasley , scar. Posther wood , Appl. Q Quarndon , Morl. R Radburne , Appl. Rauslaton , Rep. Rawston , Appl. Reppington , Rep. Rewthorp , scar. Ridgehall , Peak . Ripley , Morl. Rodsley , Appl. Rossend , Appl. Rother Flu. Rowland , Peak . Rowesley , peak . Rowetsley hall , scar. Rowthorpe , scar. Rysley , Morl. S Sandeacree , Morl. Saperton , Apple . Sawloe , Morl. Scarcliffe , Scar. Scropton , Apple . Scale grange , Rep. Seale nether , Rep. Seale over , Rep Sharlowe , Morl. Shatton , Peak . Shawcrosse , Peak . Sheldon , Peak . Sherbroke , Scar. Sherley , Appl. Shipley , Morl. Shire Okes , Scar. Shirland , Scar. Shotley parke , Apple . Sinsold , Appl. Smalley , Morl. Smethike , Rep. Smisbye , Rep. Snytter , Wor. Somercotes , Scar. Somersall herbert , Appl. Spundon , Appl. Staden , Peak . Stainton , Peak . Stanclyff , Scar. Standley , Appl. The Stand , Scar. Staneley , Scar. Stanley , Morl. Stanton , Rep. Stanton ward , Rep. Stanton next dall , Morl. Stapenhall , Rep. Starndalle , Peak . Kings Standalle , Peak . Steed , Appl. Steinesbie , scar. Steinston , Apple . Stoke hall , scar. Stretton , scar. Stretton , Rep. Stubley , scar. Sturton , Appl. Sutton upon the hill , Appl. Sutton , scar. Suelston , Appl. Swadlingcote , Rep. Swaley , Morl. Swanwick , scar. Swarkeston , Rep. Sydbury , Appl. T Taddington , Peak . Tansley , Wor. Tansley , scar. Tharsethall , Peak . Therlesbouth , Peak . Thornell , Peak . Thorpe , Wor. Thurleston , Morl. Thurvaston , Appl. Tibehelf , scar. TIDDESWELL , Peak . Tiffinton , Wor. Tiknall , Rep. Topton , scar. Tottley , scar. Trinitie chappell , Scar. Tresley , Appl. Tunsted , Peak . Turndiche , Appl. Twyford , Appl. V Vlgathorp , scar. Vnderwood , Work. W Wadshelfe , scar. Wakebridge hall , scar. Walton , scar. Walton upon Trent , Rep. Warclowe , Peak . Warmsawdale , Peak . Washington , scar. Watstanwell bridge , Scar. Wedingwell , Peak . Welne great , Morl. Welne little , Morl. Wensley , Work. Weston upon Trent , Morl. Weston under wood , Morl. Whalay , scar. Wheatcroft , scar. Wheston , Peak . Whittington , scar. Whittwell , scar. Williams thorpe , Scar. Willignton , Morl. Wilsley , Rep. Windfall , Rep. Wineley hill , Apple . Wingfeild Manor , Scar. Wingfeild South , Scar. Wingfeild North ▪ Scar. Wingerworth , scar. Wolley , scar. Woodhouses , scar. Woodhouses , scar. Woodland , Peak . Woodthorpe , scar. Woodthorpe , scar. WORKSWORTH , W. Wormehill , Peak . Wulscote , Work. Wyaston , Appl. Wynstre , Work. Y Yednaston , Appl. Yeldersley , Appl. Yolegreave , Peak . STAFFORD-SHIRE . CHAPTER XXXV . STAFFORD-SHIRE , which in the English-Saxons is written Stafford-scyre , & whose situation is much about the middle of England , meeteth upon the North with Ches-shire and Darbie , and that in a Triangle point , where three Stones are pitched for the bounds of these Shires ; it is parted from Darby-shire on the East with Dowe and with Trent ; the South is confined with Warwicke and Worcester-shires , and the West butteth against the Countie of Shrop-shire . ( 2 ) The form thereof is somewhat Lozeng-like , that is , sharp at both ends , and broadest in the midst . The length extending from North to South , is by measure fortie foure miles ; and the bredth from East to West , twenty seaven ; the whole in circumference one hundred and fortie miles . ( 3 ) The ayre is good and very healthfull , though oversharp in her North and Moreland , where the snow lyeth long , and the winde bloweth cold . ( 4 ) The Soile in that part is barren of Corne , because her Hilles and Mores are no friends unto Tillage : the middle is more levell , but therewithall wooddy , as well witnesseth that great one , called the Cank . But the South is most plenteous in Corne and Pasturage . ( 5 ) Her ancient Inhabitants were the * CORNAVII , whom Ptolemie placeth in the Tract that containeth Shrop-shire , Worcester-shire , Ches-shire , and this : all which were possessed by the Mercian-Saxons when their Heptarchy flourished . And Tamworth in this Shire was then held their Kings Court. The Danes after them often assayed herein to have seated , as witnesseth Tetnall , then Theoten hall , by interpretation , The habitation of Pagans , imbrued with their blood by King Edward the elder . But the Inhabitants of this Province Beda terms The midland Englishmen , because to his seeming it lay in the heart of the land , which when the Normans had made Conquest of all , many of them set downe their rest here , whose posterities at this day are fairely and further branched into other parts . ( 6 ) The Commodities of this Countie consist chiefly in corn , cattle , alablaster , woods , and iron , ( if the one prove not the destruction of the other ) pit-coal , flesh , and fish , whereof the river Trent is said to swarme : and others arising and running thorow this Shire , doe so batten the ground , that the Meadows even in the midst of winter grow green ; such as Dowe , Manifold , Churnut , Hunsie , Yenden , Tean , Blith , Trent , Tyne , and Sowe ; whereof Trent is not onely the principall , but in esteeme accounted the third of this Land. ( 7 ) Stafford the Shire-Towne , anciently Betheney , from Bertelin , a reputed holy man that therein led a Hermits life , was built by K. Edward the elder , incorporated by K. Iohn , and upon the East and South part was walled and trenched by the Barons of the place ; the rest from East to North was secured by a large poole of water , which now is become faire meadow grounds . The tract and circuit of these wals extendeth to twelve hundred and fourtie paces , thorow which foure gates into the foure winds have passage , the River Sowe running on the South and West of the Towne . King Edward the sixt did incorporate the Burgesses , and gave them a perpetual succession , whose government is under two Bailiffes yearly elected out of one and twentie Assistants , called the Common-Councell , a Recorder , whereof the Dukes of Buckingham have borne the Office , and as yet is kept a Court of Record , wherein they hold Plea without limitation of summe ; a Towne-Clerke also , ( from whose Pen I received these instructions ) and to attend them two Sergeants at Mace. This Towne is sited in the degree of Latitude 53.20 . scruples , and of Longitude 18. and 40. scruples . ( 8 ) But Leichfield more large , and of far greater fame , is much her ancient , knowne unto Beda by the name of Licidfeld , which Rosse doth interpret to be The field of dead bodies , for the number of Saints under the rage of Dioclesian there slaine : upon which cause the Citie beareth for her Armes an Escocheon of Landskip , with divers Martyrs in divers manner massacred . Here Oswin King of Northumberland overcomming the Pagan-Mercians , built a Church , and made it the See of Duina the Bishop , whose successors growne rich , with golden reasons so overcame King Offa , and he Adrian the Pope , that an Archiepiscopall Pall was granted Bishop Eadulph , to the great disgrace of Lambert Arch-bishop of Canterbury . In this Church were interred the bodies of Wulfhere and Celred , both of them Kings of the Mercians . But when the mindes of men were set altogether upon gorgeous building , this old foundation was new reared by Roger Clinton , Bishop of this See , and dedicated to the Virgin Mary and Saint Chad , and the Close inwalled by Bishop Langton . The government of this Citie is by two Bailiffes and one Sheriffe , yearely chosen out of twentie-foure Burgesses , a Recorder , a Towne-Clerke , and two Sergeants their Attendants . ( 9 ) Houses of Religion erected in this Shire , were at Leichfield , Stafford , De la Crosse , Cruxden , Trentham , Burton , Tamworth , and Wolver-hampton . These Votaries abusing their Founders true pieties , and heaping up riches with disdaine of the Laitie , laid themselves open as markes to be shot at ; whom the hand of the skilfull soon hit and quite pierced , under the aime of King Henry the eight , who with such Revenewes is most places relieved the poore and the Orphane , with Schooles and maintenance for the training up of youth : a work no doubt more acceptable to God , and of more charitable use to the Land. ( 10 ) With 13. Castles this Countie hath beene strengthned , and in 13. Market-Townes her commodities traded , being divided into 5. Hundreds , and in them seated one hundred and thirty Parish-churches , as in the Table is Alphabetically expressed . map of Staffordshire STAFFORD COUNTIE AND TOWNE with the ancient Citie LICHFEILD described ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes , Rivers , and memorable places mentioned in Stafford-shire . HVNDREDS in Stafford-shire . 1. PYrehill . 2. Tottmonslo . 3. Cuddlestone . 4. Seisdon . 5. Offelowe . A Acton , Cud. Acton , Pyr. Acolate , Pyr. Adbastow , Pyr. Alderwas . Off. Aldriche , Off. Alton , Tot. Alverton , Tot. Amblecott , Seis . Amerton , Cud. Aminton , Pyr. Anneley , Pyr. Apedale , Pyr. Apeton , Cud. Areley , Seis . Argarth parke , Tot. Armitage , Off. Ashes seven , Pyr. Ashenhurst , Tot. Ashley , Pyr. Ashton little , Pyr. Aston , Off. Aston , Pyr. Aston , Cud. Aston , Pyr. Aston , Cud. Aston little , Off. Audley , Pyr. Aulston , Cud. Ausley , Off. Austonfield , Tot. B Bagnall● Chappell . Pyr. Barr , Off. Barleston , Pyr. Barston , Pyr. Batton , Cud. Barton , Off. Baswich , Cud. Baulterley , pyr . The beach . pyr . Beudesert , cud . Bednall , cud . Bednoll , cud . Bentley , off . Bescote , cud . Betley , pyr . Bickforde , cud . Bicknall , pyr . Biddulphe , pyr . Billington , cud . Bilston , seis . Bishopbury , seis . Bishops ofley , pyr . Bishton , cud . Blakemere , tot . Blich flit . Blithfeild , pyr . Blore , pyr . Blore , tot . Blore heath , pyr . Bloxwich , off . Blorton , pyr . Blymyll , cud . Boblington , seis . Boningall , seis . Bothall , cud . Bradeley , cud . Bradley , tot . Bradley , seis . Bradnoppe , tot . Bradwall , pyr . Bramhurst , tot . Bramston , off . Branston , off . BREWOOD , cud . Bridgeford , pyr . Brickley lodge , off . Brickwood , tot . Brocton , cud . Bromewich west , off . Gerards Bromley , pyr . Bromley Bagoots , pyr . BROMLEY PAGETTS , pyr . Bromley hurst , pyr . Bromley kings , off . Bromley kings , off . Bromshulse , tot . Broughton hill , off . Bruerton , cud . Brynton , cud , Bucknell , pyr . Bule , cud . Burlaton , cud . Burslem , pyr . BVRTON upon Trent . off . Burton , off . Burton , cud . Burton under Nedwood . off . Bushbery , seis . Butterton , pyr . Butterton , tot . C Caldon , tot . Calingwood , off . Cambridge , tot . Camwell , off . Canke , cud . Cankewood , cud . Cannocke , cud . Careswall , tot . Castorne , tot . Camell , off . Cauldon , tot . Cawton , off . Cawton , tot . Charley , off . Charleton deviseover , pyr . Charnes , pyr . Chartley castle , cud . Chartley holme , pyr . Chatwall , cud . Chebston , pyr . Checkley , tot . Cheddletton , tot . Chedull , tot . Chell , pyr . Chestall , off . Chesterton , pyr . Chesterton , pyr . Chesterfield , off . Childcote , off . Chillington , cud . Chomleywood , off . Church-Eaton , cud . Churnet flu . Claton , pyr . Clente , seis . Clyfton , off . Codsill , seis . Collidge , cud . Colton , pyr . Colwich , tot . Comberford , off . Compton , seis . Copinhall , cud . Corborow , off . Coton , cud . Coton , Pyr. Cotten , cud . Coulton , cud . Cowen , cud . Cowley , cud . Crackmarsh , tot . Crocksden , tot . D Darlaston , pyr . Darleston , seis . Darleston , off . Delvecrosse , tot . Denston , tot . Dermington , pyr . Dolwich , pyr . Dove flu . Draicott , tot . Draiton , cud . Draiton basset , off . Dreiton , cud . Drayton basset , off . Dudley Castle , seis . Dulvarne , tot . Dunsmore flu . Dunstable , off . Dunston , cud . E Water Eaton , cud . ECCLESHALL deviseover , pyr . Eccleston , tot . Eddingall , off . Ediall , off . Elaston , tot . Elenhall , pyr . Elford , off . Elford , off . Elmhurst , off . Elnston , tot . Enston , pyr . Enveild , seis . Ensington , seis . Ensington , cud . Evill , seis . F Fakeley bridge . Farley , tot . Farwell , off . Fauld , off . Feild , tot . Feild , tot . Fenny lodge , off . Fenton , pyr . Fetherston , cud . Fisherwick , off . Forbridge , cud . Fordswell , pyr . Forton , cud . Fauton , pyr . Foulderly , off . Foxbroke , tot . Fordley , off . Froghall , tot . Fullford , pyr . Fullston , pyr . G Gayton , pyr . Gentleshall , off . Gnostill , cud . Gorsticott , off . Gratwich , tot . Grinley , cud . Gryndon , tot . Guston , seis . H Haddenford , cud . Hamberwich , off . Hamstell , off . Hampstable , Ridware , off . Handsworth , off . Handbury , off . Handsaker , off . Handford , pyr . Hamton , off . Haracles , tot . Harborne , off . Harlastone , off . Haseller , off . Hatherton , cud . Haughton , cud . Hawood , cud . Headley Castle , pyr . Heatley , cud . Heath-hill , cud . Helswood , tot . Hempsted , off . Henley , seis . Hentley , tot . Hickson , cud . Highon , cud . Hilderson , pyr . Hilton hall , seis . Hilton Abby , pyr . Hilton , cud . Hintes , off . Hollinton , tot . Hopton , pyr . Hopwayes , off . Horborne , off . Horcrosse , off . Horningloe , off . Horton , tot . Hounhill , tot . Hulton , tot . Hunley , seis . Hunsey flu . Huntington , cud . Hyde , cud . Hymore , off . I Ilam , tot . Ingleton , cud . Inglestrie , pyr . Ipston , tot . K Kebleston , pyr . Keele , pyr . Kingston , tot . Kingston , pyr . Kin●are , seis . Kinsley , tot . Kinver , seis . Knightley , cud . Knighton , pyr . Knutton , pyr . Knutshall , tot . Kynvaston , cud . L Lapley , cud . Lea , seis . Leacroft , cud . Lead , cud . LEEKE , tot . Leighe , tot . Tho Luc. seis . Levedall , cud . LEICHFEILD , Of. Lighe highe , cud . Littleton , cud . Longcrosse , off . Longdon , off . Longnor , cud . Longon , off . Longnor , tot . Longton , pyr . Loxley , tot . Loynton , pyr . M Madeley , pyr . Madeleholme , tot . Mair , pyr . Manye flu . Marbroke , tot . Marchington , tot . Marchingdon , tot . Marston , pyr . Marston , cud . Marton great , cud . Mason , off . Materfeild , tot . Mavestone Ridware , off . Meare , pyr . Meare , cud . Meare , pyr . Milwich , pyr . Mitton , cud . Moreland hilles , tot . Moreton , cud . Morocopp hill , pyr . Morsall , off . Mose flu . Moseley , seis . Muckleston , pyr . N Nedwood Forrest . tot . Newborowe , off . Newbold , off . NEW CASTLE VNDER LINE , pyr . New Chappell , pyr . Newton , cud . Newton , pyr . Norbury , cud . Narrowdale , tot . Norton , pyr . Norton , cud . Norton , off . Norton , off . Norton in the Mores , pyr . O High Of●ley , pyr . Oken , seis . Okover , tot . Oldbury , off . Oncot , tot . Onely , pyr . Orgrave , off . Orton , seis . Otherton , cud . Overpen , seis . Ousley bridge , cud . P Painsley , tot . Parkhill , tot . Patsell , seis . Pattingham , seis . Pelfalle , off . Over Pen , seis . Nether Pen , seis . Pencl● , pyr . Pencle , pyr . Penkirch , cud . Penke flu . Penford , seis . Penset chase , seis . Peribury , off . Peryhall , off . Perton , seis . Pellington , cud . Pellington hall , cud . Pipe , off . Placdwick , cud . Ponke flu . Prestwood , seis . Prestwood , tot . R Ramsor , tot . Rannton , pyr . Rannton Monastery , pyr . Rickardscott , cud . Rickardscott , pyr . Ridgley , cud . Ridware , off . Pipe Ridware , off . Hill Ridware , cud . Robaston , cud . Rolston , off . Rowcester , tot . Rowley , seis . Rowley , seis . Rowley parke , off . Rudiard , tot . Rushall , off . Rushton , tot . Rusheles , seis . Riddsley , cud . S Salte , pyr . Sandon , pyr . Sandwall , off . Sardon great , cud . Sardon little , cud . Sawe flu . Scotfeild , off . Season , seis . Sedgeley , seis . Seigford , seis . Seisdon , pyr . Shareshull , Cud. Shawford , pyr . Shene , tot . Shenston , off . Sherishales , cud . Shire Okes , off . Shitterford , seis . Shobnall , off . Shredicott , cud . Shugborow , cud . Skelton , pyr . Smestall flu . Smethwick , off . STAFFORD , pyr . Stafford Castle , cud . Standon , pyr . Stanton , tot . Statford , off . Stoke , pyr . Stokeley , off . The three Shire-Stones . tot . STONE , pyr . Stowe , pyr . Stranshill , tot . Stratton Castle , off . Stretton , off . Stretley hall , off . Stretlie , off . Stretton , cud . Stoure flu . Stubby lane , off . Sturton Castle , seis . Sutton , cud . Swinford Kings , seis . Swinfeld hall , off . Swinshead , pyr . Swithanley , tot . Swynerton , pyr . T Talke , pyr . TAMWORTH , off . Tatenell , off . Teane , tot . Teane flu . Terley , pyr . Tettenhall Kings , seis . Tettenhall Clice , seis . Thickbrome , off . Thorne hill , tot . Thorpe , off . Thorpe , off . Throley , tot . Tillington , pyr . Tipton , seis . Titterfore , pyr . Tixall , pyr . Treislie , seis . Trent flu . Trent flu . Trentham , pyr . Trescott , seis . Trisell , seis . Tunstall Court , pyr . Tunstall , pyr . Turburie , off . Tyne flu . Typton , off . V Voxall , off . VTTOXCESTOR , tot . W Walgrang , tot . Wall , off . WALLSHALL , off . Wallfall Forrest , off . Walton , pyr . Walton , cud . Warslawe , tot . Waterfall , tot . Weddsbury , seis . Wednesfeild , off . Wednesbury , off . Weford , off . Welobridge parke , pyr . Weston , pyr . Weston Jones , cud . Weston under Lisiard , cud . Weston upon Trent , pyr . Wharnford , tot . Whattley hall , off . Whichnor , off . Whitmore , pyr . Whitstone , cud . Whittendon , off . Whittenton , seis . Whittgreene , pyr . Whittington , off . Wichnor , off . Wiggendon , off . Wilbrighton , cud . Wilenhall , off . Wilnall , seis . Witton , tot . Wo●ley , off . Woken , seis . Wolaston , cud . Wolstanton , pyr . WOLVERHAMPTON● Womborne , seis . Worley little , seis . Worley great , seis . Wotton , tot . Wrottesley , seis . Y Yardley , pyr . Yendon flu . Yoxall , off . SHROP-SHIRE . SHROP-SHIRE , by the ancient Saxons writen Sciripscyre , is both large in circuit , well peopled , and very fruitfull for life . It lieth circulated upon the North with th● County Palatine of Chester ; upon the East altogether with Stafford-shire ; upon the South with Worcester , Hereford , and Radnor-shires ; & upon the west with Mountgomery & Denbigh . ( 2 ) The form thereof is almost circular or round , whose length from Wooferton below Lodlane South , to Over neere unto the river Trent in the North , is thirtie foure miles : the broadest part is from Tong in the East , to Oswestre sited at the head of Morda in the West , twentie and five ; the whole in circuit about , extending to one hundred thirtie and foure miles . ( 3 ) Wholesome is the ayre , delectable and good , yeelding the Spring and the Autumne , seed time and harvest , in a temperate condition , and affordeth health to the Inhabitants in all seasons of the yeare . ( 4 ) The soile is rich , and standeth most upon a reddish clay , abounding in Wheat and Barley , Pit-coales , Iron , and Woods ; which two last continue not long in league together . It hath rivers that make fruitfull the Land , and in their waters containe great store of fresh-fish , whereof Severne is the chiefe , and second in the Realme , whose streame cutteth this Countie in the middest , and with many windings sporteth herselfe forward , leaving both pastures and meadowes bedecked with flowers and greene colours , which every where shee bestoweth upon such her attendants . ( 5 ) This River was once the bounds of the North-Britaines , and divided their possession from the Land of the Saxons , untill of latter times theirs began to decay , and the Welsh to increase , who enlarged their lifts to the River Dee . So formerly had it separated the Ordovices from the Cornavij , those ancient Inhabitants mentioned by Ptol●mie . The Ordovices under Caractacus purchased great honour , whilst he a Prince of the Silures removed his Warres thence among them , where a while he maintained the Britaines libertie with valour and courage , in despight of the Romans . His Fort is yet witnesse of his unfortunate fight , seated neere Clune Castle , at the confluence of that River with Temd , where ( in remembrance of him ) the place is yet called Caer-Caradoc , a fort of his , wonne by P. Ostorius Lieutenant of the Romans , about the year of grace 53. The Cornavii were seated upon the North of Severne , and branched into other Counties , of whom we have said . ( 6 ) But when the strength of the Romans was too weake to support their owne Empire , and Britaine emptied of her souldiers to resist , the Saxons set foot in this most fair soile , and made it a part of their Mercian Kingdome : their line likewise issued to the last period , and the Normans beginning where these Saxons left , the Welshmen tooke advantage of all present occasions , and brake over Severne unto the River Dee ; to recover which , the Normans first Kings often assayed , and Henry the second with such danger of life , that at the siege of Bridge-north he had been slain , had not Sir Hubert Syncler received the arrow aimed at him , in stepping betwixt that Shaft and his Soveraigne , and therewith was shot thorow unto death . In the like danger stood Henry Prince of Scotland , who in the strait siege of Ludlow , begirt by King Stephen , had beene plucked from his saddle with an iron-hooke from the wall , had not Stephen presently rescued him , Anno 1139. ( 7 ) This then being the Marches of England and Wales , was sore afflicted by bloody broiles , which caused many of their Townes to be strongly walled , and thirtie two Castles to be strongly built : lastly , into this Countie the most wise King Henry the seaventh sent his eldest sonne Prince Arthur , to be resident at Ludlow , where that fair Castle became a most famous Princes Court. And here King Henry the eight ordained the Counsell of the Marches , consisting of a Lord President , as many Counsellors as the Prince shall please , a Secretary , an Atturney , a Solicitor , and foure Iustices of the Counties in Wales , in whose Court were pleaded the causes depending and Termely tried for the most part in presence of that honourable President . ( 8 ) But the Shire-towne Shrewesburie , for circuit , trade , and wealth doth for exceed this , and is inferiour to few of our Cities ; her buildings faire , her streets many and large , her Citizens rich , her trade for the most part in the Staple commodities of cloth and freezes ; her walls strong , and of a large compasse , extending to seventeene hundred pases about , besides another Bulwarke ranging from the Castle , downe unto , and in part along the side of Severne : thorow which there are three entrances into the Towne , East and West over by two fair stone bridges with Towers , Gates , and Barres , and the third into the North , no lesse strong then them , over which is mounted a large Castle , whose gaping chinckes do doubtlesse threaten her fall . This Towne is governed by two Bailiffes , yearly elected out of twentie-foure Burgesses , a Recorder , Town-Clerke , and Chamberlaine , with three Sergeants at Mace : the Pole being raised hence from the degrees of Latitude 53.16 . minutes , and from West in Longitude 17. degrees 27. minutes . ( 9 ) Yea , and ancienter Cities have beene set in this Shire : such was Roxalter , or Wroxcester , lower upon Severne , that had been Vriconium , the chiefest Citie of the Cornavii ; Vsoconia , now Okenyate , neere unto the Wreken : and under Red-castle the ruines of a * Citie , whom the vulgar report to have beene famous in Arthurs dayes : but the pieces of Romish Coines in these three doe well assure us that therein their Legions lodged ; as many other Trenches are signes of warre and of blood . But as swords have been stirring in most parts of this Province , so Beads have been bid for the preservation of the whole , and places erected for the Maintenance of Votaries , in whom at that time was imputed great holinesse : in Shrewsbury many , at Coulmere , Stowe , Dudley , Bromefeild , Wigmore , Hamond , Lyleshill , Bildas , Bishops-castle , and Wenloke , ( where in the raigne of Richard the second , was likewise a rich Mine of Copper . ) But the same blasts that blew down the buds of such plants , scattered also the fruits from these faire trees , which never since bare the like , nor is likely any more to do . That only which is rare in this Province , is a Well at Pichford in a private mans yard , whereupon floteth a thick scum of liquid Bitumen , which being cleare off to day , will gather the like againe on the morrow : not much unlike to the Lake in the Land of Iewry . This Shire is divided into fifteen Hundreds , wherein are seated fourteen Market Townes ; and hath in it one hundred and seventie Churches for Gods sacred and divine Service : the names of which are in the Table as followeth . map of Shropshire SHROPSHYRE DESCRIBED THE SITTUATION OF SHROWESBURY SHEWED With the Armes of thos Earles , and other Memorable things observed HVNDREDS in Shrop-shire . 1 BRadford North. 2 Pimbill . 3 Bradford South . 4 Brymstry . 5 Wenlock . 6 Condover . 7 O●westrey . 8 Forde . 9 Chirbury . 10 Clunne . 11 Purslawe . 12 Munslawe . 13 Overs . 14 Stot●●sdo● . 15 Shrewsbury liberty A Abbafori●t . cond . Abcot , purs . Aberbury , ford . Abertanocke , Osw. Abton , wen. Accleton , stott . Acton Burnell , cond . Acton , purs . Acton scott , mun . Adcott , Pim. Admaston , B. south . Adney , B. south . Albrighton , pim . Albrighton , brym . Alderton , pim . Alkynton , b. north . Allerton , b. north . Alscott , brym . Alscott in Brimstry , h. south . Alstretton , cond . Alveley , stott . Anchmarch , cond . Appley , b. south . High Arcole , brad . Arcole childs , b. north . Arlscot ▪ ford . Ashbaston , b. south . Ashbaston , b. south . Ashe great , b. north . Ashe little , b. north . Ashford , mun . Ashford Bondmore , mun Ashford , stot . Ashton , b. north . Aslanton , purs . Asterley , ford . Astley , b. south . Astley , wen. Aston , oswest. Aston , b. south . Aston , mun . Aston , brym . Aston , purs . Aston , purs . Aston Butlers , stot . Aston Rogers , chir . Aston Piggot , chir . Church Aston , b. south . Atcham , b. south . Atherley , b. north . Atterley , wen. Atton , pym . Aveley , stot . Aulcaston , mun . Auldon , mun . B Babins wood forrest , osw. Badget , wen. Baggoteshop , over . Baggeley , pim . Balderton , pim . Barrowe , wen. Barwicke , b. south . Baryate , stot . Baschurch , pim . Battlefeild , b. south . Bearston , b. north . Bechfeild , chir . Beckbury , wen. Beckley , purs . Bedston , purs . Belaport , b. north . Belserdyne , con . Bentall , wen. Bergill , oswest. Berley , purs . Besford , pim . Bestow , b. south . Bettons , cond . Betton , b. north . Bettus , clun . Beuston , cond . Bickton , clun . Bickton , shrew . Bildas , b. south . Bildas little , b. south . Billey , cond . Birche , pim . Blackemere manor . b. nor . Blechley , b. north . Blodwall , oswest. Bolas little , b. north . Bolas great , b. south . Boningall , brym . Boreatton , slot . Boreatton , oswest. Bowe flu . Bracemel , shrew . Bradston , wen. Bradfeild flu . Brampton , chir . Brampton , purs . Brampton , cond . Bramcroft castle , mu. Bramslowe , chir . Bratton , b. south . BRIDGNORTH . Broadway , purs . Brocard castle , ford . Brockton , mun . Brockton , purs . Brocton , chir . Brockton , b south . Brome , purs . Bromfeild , mun . Bromiche , oswest. Bromlowe , chir . Broseley , wen. Broughton , purs . Broughton , pim . Browncle-hill , wen. Brunslawe , purs . Bucknell , purs . Butford , over . Burghall , b. north . Burlton , pim . Burton , cond . Burton , wen. BVSHOPS CASTLE , purs . Byllingsley , stot . Bynweston , chir . Byrrington , cond . Bitterley , over . C Caer-caradoc , purs . Calloton , wen. Camlet flu . Cantloppe , cond . Cardington , mun . Carndon hill , chir . Carleton castle , b. sou . Carson , shrew . The new Castle , clun . Caynham , stot . Cause , ford . New Chappell , clun . Chatford , cond . Chatwall , cond . Lady Chaulton , mun . Chaulton , purs . Chelmarsh , stot . Cheswardine , b. nor . Chetwyn end , b. sou . Chetwyn aston , b. so . Chetton . stot . Cheyney , longerfeild , pu . Chilton , cond . Chipnall , b. north . Chirbury , chir . Chirington , b. south . Chirhill , b. north . Claverley hall . b. nor . Claverleigh , brym . Claverley , b. north . Clebury forreine , sto . Clebury north , stot . Clebury parke , stot . Clebury , stot . Cleeton , over . Cleve , pim . Clunbury , purs . Clung●nas , purs . CLVN castle , con . Clun flu . Clunne forrest , clun . Clunton , purs . Cockshut , pim . Colmington , mun . Comyton , mun . Condover , cond . Cound , cond . Conam , over . Copty venny , prim . Cordigate forrest , os . Cordoke hill , cond . Coreley , stot . Corove flu . Corsham Castle , mu. Corston , mun . Cotes new , wen. Cotton , b. north . Cottall , b. south . Coston . purs , Coulmere , pim . Cowbatche , purs . Creketh , oswest. Crouckhill , cond . Crosmeere , pim . Cructon , ford . Crudgington , b. sou . Curlhurst , b. north . D Dalaley castle , b. sou . Darlaston , b. north . Dawley little , b. sou . Dawley great ▪ b. sou . Daywell , oswest. Deane parke , over . Diddleston Chappell , oswest. Dodington , cond . Dodington , b. north . Dorrington , b. north . Dothull , b. south . Dotton , stot . Dowles , stot . Dowles , flu . Downesay , purs . Downton , b. south . Downton , mun . Draton , cond . Draton , brym . DRAYTON , b. nor . Dridston , chir . Dufaston , oswest. Dunnington , b. south . Dunnington , brym . Dydles bury , mun . Dydmaston , tot . Dynchop Chappell , mun . Dytton , wen. Dytton , stot . E Eardington , stot . Easthop , mun . Eaton Constantine , b. s. Eaton , wen. Eaton , b. north . Eaton , purs . Eaton , cond . Ebnall , oswest. Eddesley , b. north . Edgebalton , b. north . Edge , ford . Edgemond , b. south . Edgton , purs . Edicliff , clun . Ednoppe , clun . Edston , oswest. Egerley , oswest. Ellerton , b. south . Ellesmere , pim . Elston , pim . Emstree , cond . Esdon , pim . Ercall great , b. south . Estaston , b. north . Estwicke , pim . Evelyn . b. south . Eyton , b. south . Eyton upon wild more , b. so . Eyton , ford . Eyton , purs . Eyton , pim . F Falles , b. north . Farley , ford . Farton , stot . Fayrlaw Chappell , stot . Felhamton , mun . Felton , oswest. Felton butler , pim . Penmmeare , pim . Fernill David , oswest. Fits , pim . English Franckton , pim . Welch Franckton , pim . Franckton , oswest. Frodesley , cond . Forde , ford . Forten , pim . Fynonvaire , clun . G Gattaker , stot . Gatten , ford . Gildendowne , chir . Glaseley , stot . Goulding , cond . Grafton , pim . Gramston , b. south . Gravenhunger , b. n. Greete , over . Gressedge , cond . Gretton , mun . Grynshill , pim . H Haberley , ford . Hadley , b. south . Hadnall , b. north . Hales eote , b. south . Halesowen , brym . Halston , oswest. Halton , oswest. Hampton , pim . Hampton wood , pim . Hamond , b. south . Hanwood , shrew . Hardwicke , pim . Hardwicke , purs . Harnydge , cond . Harton , mun . Harton , mun . Cold Harton , b. south . Harton , b. north . Hauford Chappell , m. Haughton , b. south . Haughmond , b. south . Hawne , brym . Hawkeston , b. north . Haytons , over . Heath , wen. Hempton ▪ stot . Henley , over . Heulley , oswest. Hewlye , wen. Higford , wen. Higley ▪ stot . Hinton , ford . Hints , stot . Hisland , oswest. Hobbaries , clun . Hobendred , clun . Hockestow forest , p. Hodnet , b. north . Holly hurst , b. north . Home , purs . Hope bowdler , mun . Hope , chir . Hopesey , purs . Munck Hopton , wen. Hopton , purs . Hopton waters ▪ stot . Hopton , b. north . Hopton , pim . Ho●dley , pim . Hords parke , wen. Horley , cond . Horton , b. south . Horton , b. north . Houndenen , stot . Houghleton , chir . Howle , b. north . Howgate Castle . mu. Hungerford , wen. Hugford , mun . Huntyton , b. south . Hurst , ford . Hyllon ▪ stot . Hynnyton , b. south . Hynton , b. north . Hyssington , chi● . Hyne heath , b. north . I Jaye ▪ purs . Ightfeild , b. north . Isembridge , b. south . K Kemberton , b. south . Kempton , purs . Kenley , cond . Kenston , b. north . Kentwicke ▪ pim . Kentwicke park , pi● . Kentwicke wood , pi Kevenkelinoge , pim . K●ynton , b. south . Kinaston , oswest. Kings wood , b. south . Kingleford , brym . Kinnerton , purs . Kinton , pim . Knockin , oswest. Kricketh , oswest. Kynlot , stot . Kynerley , oswest. Kynersley , b. south . Kyntontoure , osw. Kynynion , oswest. Kywilsey , clun . L Lacon , b. north . Llanamonah , oswest. Llancuan , clun . Langford , b. south . Langton , mun . Langley , cond . Languill , wen. Llanva●rwaterden ▪ C Llanwordan , oswest. Latley , b. south . Laton , wen. Lawley , b. south . Lea ockley , purs . Lea , purs . Lea , pim . Lee , ford . Leaton , pim . Leborwood , cond . Ledwitch flu . Ledwitch , mun . Lee , pim . Lee , b. north . Leegunery , b. south . Leighton , b. south . Leyd ●inlye , wen. Longdon , ford . Longdon , b. south . Long Chappell , b. s. Longestowe , b north . Longford , b. south . Longford , b. north . Longnor , cond . Longnon , cond . Longstanton , wen. Longvill , purs . Loppington , pim . Lowe ditches , b. north . Ludford , mun . LVDLOW , over . Luton hope , clun . Lyddum , purs . Lydbury North , purs . Lyleshill , b. south . Llynblis , oswest. Lyniall , pim . Lynley , purs . Llyntidmon , oswest. Lythe , pim . Lythes , cond . M Madely , wen. Marchamley , b. north . Marington , chir . Marloo , purs . Marshe , ford . Marton , chir . Old Marton , oswest. Mastorocke , oswest. Mathlynton , clun . Maynston , clun . Measbury ▪ oswest. Medeley , wen. Medowton , chir . Meele , ford . Meeson , b. south . Mele flu . Meriton , pim . Merverley , oswest. Middle , pim . Middleton , stot . Middleton , mun . Middleton , oswest. Middleton Scriven , stot . Middle hope , mun . Milbornestoke , wen. Milf●rd , pim . Mocktree forest , mun . Modlicott , purs . Monford , pim Mootton , oswest. Morda f●u . More , purs . Morehouses , mun . Moreton co●bet , b. n. Moreton say , b. nort . Moreswood , purs . Morse forest ▪ stot . Morton , oswest. Morvill , wen. Moston , b. north . Mucketon , b. north . Muckley , wen. Muncke weston , wen. Munflow , wen. Myddl●ton , chir . Mysly Chappell , wen. Myllon , over . Mylton , stot . Mynsterley , ford . Mynton , mun . Myntowne , purs . Mytley , b. north . Mytton , pim . N Nash , over . Nenesalers , over . Nesse strange , pim . Nesse little , pim . Nesse cliffe , pim . Netley , cond . Mewcastle , clun . Newemarton , pim . Newenham , ford . Newhall , wen. Newnes , pim . Newood houses , b. north . NEWPORT , b. sout . Newton , mun . Newton , pim . Newton , pim . Newton , pim . Newtonne , b. north . Noball , shrew . Norbury , purs . Norley , wen. Northwood , pim . North , wen. Norton , mun . Norton , b. south . Norton , b. north . Noviley , pim . Nunneley , pim . Nyneton , stot . O Obley , clun . Ockley parke , mun . Okenyate , b. south . Okley , purs . Old Church more , pur . Onibury , mun . Onslow , shrew . Orlton , b. south . Osbaston , oswest. OSWESTREY , os . Otkaynston , clun . Otley , pim . Overley , b. north . Ouney flu . Owre , b. north . Oxenbould , wen. P Parke hall , oswest. Partherodricke , clun . Parthloge , clun . Patton , wen. Paynton , b. south . Pentregayer , oswest. Peplewe , b. north . Pepper hill , ●rym . Peton , mun . Petton , pim . Pickestocke , b. north . Picklescott , cond . Pilson , b. north . Pixley , b. north . Plashy , cond . Ployden , pim . Porkinton , oswest. Pouderbach Castle , cond . Pouderbach Church , cond . Pousbury , ford . Pousford , ford . PREES , b. north . Prees heath , b. north . Prene , cond . Prescott , pym . Preston upon wilmore , b. sou . Preston brockhurst , pim . Preston , b. south . Presthoppe , wen. Priors light , b. south . Prysweston , chir . Pulley , cond . Purslawe , purs . Pychford , cond . Q Quatford , stot . Quat malverne , stot . Quenny flu . R Rabins wood forest , osw. Radnall , oswest. Rashton , b. south . Ratlinghopp , purs . Rayesley , stot . Rea flu . Red Castle , b. north . Rickton , stot . Rocadyne , b. south . Rodden flu . Roddington , chir . Roddington , b. south . Rodon , b. south . Vp Rossall , shrew . Downe Rossall , shrew . Rothall chappel , mun . Rowndatton , wen. Rowton , stot . Rowton , ford . Rowton , b. south . Roxalter , b. south . Royton , brym . Royton little , cond . Royton great , cond . Royton , oswest. Ruckley , cond . Rudge , pim . Rugantyn , clun . Rushbury , mun . Ryelth , clun . Ryston , chir . Rythin , clun . S Saint Margrets cle , Saint Maltin , oswest. Salcrosse , purs . Sanford , oswest. Sanford , b. north . Seffeton , mun . Selley , clun . Severne flu . Sclatryn ▪ oswest. Shabie , b. north . Shadwall , clun . Shavington , b. north . Sheinton , stot . Shesnall , brym . Shelderton , purs . Shelderton , mun . Shelhake , oswest. Shelton , shrew . Shenton , b. north . Shenton , cond . Sheve , chir . Shipton , wen. Shitterstones hill , ou . Shortlet wood , wen. Shotton , pim . Shrawardine , pim . SHROWSBVRY . Shipley , stot . SHIPTON , pur . Sidbury , stot . Skyborra , clun . Slepe , b. south . Sleape , pim . Smothcott , cond . Snawden flu . Sned , clun . Sowcon , b. north . Sponell , wen. Sponley , b. north . Stanton , brym . Stanton , purs . Stanton Lacye , mun . Stanton , b. north . Stanwardine in the wood , pi . Stanwardine in the field , pi . Stappleton , cond . Superstons hill , chir . Stite , purs . Stockett , pim . Stockton , b. south Stockton , brym . Stockton , chir . Stoke , wen. Stoke upon Tearne , b. north . Stokeley , mun . Stottesdon , stot . Stowe , purs . Stradbrok flu . Stratford , mun . Stretchley , b. south . Stretton little , mun . Strettons , ford . Church Streton , mun . Sugdon , b. south . Sughton , Oswest . Sutton , Oswest . Sutton , b. north . Sutton great , mun . Sutton little , mun . Sutton maddock , bry . Sybberscott , ford . Sylvington , over . Swyney , oswest. T Tasley , wen. Tearme , b. south . Tearne flu . Techill , pim . Tedesmere , oswest. Tetshull , pim . Tewkeshill , stot . Thembton , brym . Tollerton , purs . TONGE , brym . Trebert , clun . Trebrodder , clun . Trench , b. north . Trench , pim . Treornall , oswest. Treowarde , clun . Trevelegh forest , os . Tugford , mun . Turklerton , wen. Twiford , oswest. Tybberton , b. south . Tylley , b north . Tymberthe , chir . Tylsopp , over . Tylstock , b. north . V Vckington , b. south . Venyngton , ford . Vffington , b. south . Vnderton , wen. Vppington , b. south . Vpton great b. south . Vpton Creslet , stot . W Wall , mun . Wallford , pim . Wallopp , ford . Walcot , chir . Walcot , b. south . Walcot , purs . Walliborne , ford . Walton , chir . Walton , b. north . Walton , wen. Wambridge , b. south . Warren flu . Waters Vpton , b. sou . Watlesborough , for Watlingstreet , b. sou Weenyngton , ford . Welbeche , cond . WELLINGTON , Wellington forrest . b. sou . Wem , b. north . Wenlock lit e , wen. WENLOCK GREAT . wen. Wentner , purs . Westbury , ford . Westhoppe , mun . Westley , ford . Westley , cond . Weston , pim . Weston , b. north . Weston , purs . Weston , chir Weston , oswest. Weston chappel , wen. Wettleton , mun . Wheat naston , Whelbache , cond . Whettle , stot . Whichcot chappell o. Whitcott kysett , clun . Whitcott yevan , clun . Whitbatche , purs . Whitcott , purs . WHITCHVRCH . Whittinslaw , purs . Whittington , oswest. Whitton , over . Whixall , b. north . Wigwigge , wen. Wike , wen. VVikey , oswest. VVillaston , b. north . Willaston great , for . VVislcott , pim VVire forrest , stot . VVistanton , purs . VVistanslow , purs . Withiford great , b. n. VVobury , stot . VVolston , oswest. VVoodcote , shrew . VVoodcott , b. south . VVooderton , chir . VVoodhouse● , b. sou . VVoodhouses , oswest. Old VVoodhouses , b. n. VVoodlands , b. nor . VVoodseves , b. north VVooferton , mun . VVooslaston , cond . VVorse flu . VVorthyn , chir . VVorvill , brym . VVotton , oswest. VVrekin hill , b. south . VVrentnall , ford . VVrockerdyne , b. so . VVullerton , b. north . VVulston , mun . VVygmore , ford . VVyllmyngton , chir . VVyllye , wen. VVynsbury , chir . VVythington , b. sout . VVytton , ford . Y Yernstree parke , mun . Yockleton , ford . CHESSE-SHIRE , by the Saxons written Cester-scyre , and now the County Palatine of CHESTER is parted upon the North from Lanca-shire with the River Mercey , upon the East by Mercey , Goit , and the Da●e , is separated from Darby and Stafford-shires ; upon the South toucheth the Counties of Shrop-shire and Flint ; and upon the West with Dee is parted from Denbigh-shire . ( 2 ) The forme of this County doth much resemble the right wing of an Eagle , spreading it selfe from Wirall , and as it were with her pinion , or first feather , toucheth York-shire , betwixt which extremes , in following the windings of the Shires divider from East to West , are 47. miles : and from North to South 26. The whole circumference about one hundred forty two miles . ( 3 ) If the affection to my naturall producer blind not the judgement of this my Survey , for aire and soile it equals the best , and farre exceeds her neighbours the next Counties : for although the Climate be cold , and toucheth the degree of Latitude 54 yet the warmth from the Irish Seas melteth the Snow , and dissolveth the Ice sooner there then in those parts that are further off ; and so wholesome for life , that the Inhabitants generally attaine to many yeares . ( 4 ) The Soile is fat , fruitfull , and rich , yeelding abundantly both profit and pleasures of man. The Champion grounds make glad the hearts of their Tillers : the Medowes imbrodered with divers sweet smelling flowers ; and the Pastures make the Kines udders to strout to the paile , from whom and wherein the best Cheese of all Europe is made . ( 5 ) The ancient Inhabitants were the CORNAVII , who with Warwickeshire , Worcester-shire , Stafford-shire , and Shrop-shire , spread themselves further into this Countie , as in Ptolomy is placed ; and the CANGI likewise if they be the Ceangi , whose remembrance was found upon the shore of this Shire , on the surface of certaine pieces of Lead , in this manner inscribed ; IMP. DOMIT. AUG . GER . DE CEANG. These Cangi were subdued by P. Ostorius Scapula , immediatly before his great victory against Caractacus , where , in the mouth of Deva he built a * Fortresse at the back of the Ordovices , to restraine their power , which was great in those parts , in the reign of Vespasian the Emperour . But after the departure of the Romans , this Province became a portion of the Saxon Mercians Kingdom : notwithstanding ( saith Ran. Higden ) the City it selfe was held by the Britaine 's untill all fell into the Monarchy of Egbert . Of the dispositions of the since Inhabitants , heare Lucian the Monk ( who lived presently after the Conquest ) speak ; They are found ( saith he ) to differ from the rest of the English , partly better , and partly equall . In feasting they are friendly , at me at cheerfull , in entertainment liberall , soone angry , and soone pacified , lavish in words , impatient of servitude , mercifull to the afflicted , compassionate to the poore , kind to their kindred , spary of labour , void of dissimulation , not greedy in eating , and far from dangerous practises . And let me adde thus much , which Lucian could not ; namely , that this Shire hath never been stained with the blot of rebellion , but ever stood true to their King and his Crowne : whose loyalty Richard the second so farre found and esteemed , that hee held his Person most safe among them , and by authority of Parliament made the County to be a Principality , and stiled himselfe Prince of Chester . King Henry the third gave it to his eldest sonne Prince Edward , against whom Lewlyn Prince of Wales 〈…〉 mighty Band , and with them did the Coun 〈…〉 even unto the Cities gates . With the 〈…〉 it had oft-times been affrighted , which th 〈…〉 ●efenced with a Wall made of the Welshmens 〈◊〉 on the South-side of Dee in Hanbridge . The Shire may well be said to be a Seed-plot of Gentilitie , and the producer of many most ancient and Worthy Families : neither hath any brought more men of valour into the Field , then Chesse-shire hath done , who by a generall speech are to this day called The chiefe of men : and for Natures endowments ( besides their noblenesse of mindes ) may compare with any other Nation in the world : their limbs straight and well-composed , their complexions faire , with a chearefull countenance ; and the Women for grace , feature , and bo●nty , inferiour unto none . ( 6 ) The Commodity of this Province ( by the report of Ranulphus the Monke of Chester ) are chiefly Corn , Cattle , Fish , Fowle , Salt , Mines , Metals , Meares , and Rivers , whereof the bankes of Dee in her West , and the Vale-Royall in her midst , for fruitfulnesse of pasturage equals any other in the Land ; either in graine or gaine from the Cow. ( 7 ) These , with all other provision for life , are traded thorow thirtee●e Market-Townes in this Shire , whereof Chester is the fairest , from whom the Shire hath the name . A City raised from the Fort of Osterius ▪ Lieutenant of Britaine for Claudius the Emperour , whither the twentieth Legion ( named Victrix ) were sent by Galba to restraine the Britains : but growne themselves out of order , Iulius Agricola was appointed their Generall by Vespasian , as appeareth by Monies then minted , and there found ; and from them ( no doubt ) by the Britaine 's the place was called Caer Legion ; by Ptolemy , Deunana ; by Antonine , Deva ; by the Saxons Legea-cesder , and now by us West-chester : but Henry Bradshaw will have it built before Brute , by the Giant Leon Gaver , a man beyond the Moone , and called by Marius the vanquisher of the Picts . Over Deva or Dee a faire stone-bridge leadeth , built upon eight Arches , at either end whereof is a Gate , from whence in a long Quadren-wise the wals doe incompasse the City , high and strongly built , with foure faire Gates opening into the fou●e winds , besides three posternes , and seven Watch-Towers , extending in compasse one thousand nine hundred and forty paces . On the South of this City is mounted a Strong and stately Castle , round in forme , and the base Court likewise inclosed with a circular wall . In the North is the Minster , first built by Earle Leofrike to the honour of Saint Werburga the Virgin ; and after most sumptuously repaired by Hugh the first Earle of Chester of the Normans , now the Cathedrall of the Bishops See. Therein lyeth interred ( as report ) doth relate ) the body of Henry the fourth , Emperour of Almaine , who leaving his Imperiall Estate , led lastly therein an Hermites life . This City hath formerly been sore defaced ; first by Egfrid King of Northumberland , where he slew twelve hundred Christian Monkes , resorted thither from Bangor to pray . Againe by the Danes it was sore defaced , when their destroying feet had trampled downe the beauty of the Land. But was againe rebuilt by Ethelfleada the Mercian Lady , who in this County , and Forrest of Dilamer , built Eadesburg and Finborow , two fine Cities , nothing of them now remaining , besides the Chamber in the Forrest . Chester in the dayes of King Edgar was in most flourishing estate , wherein he had the homage of eight other Kings who rowed his Barge from S. Iohns to his Palace , himselfe holding the Helm , as their supreme . This City was made a County incorporate of it selfe by King Henry the seventh , and is yearly governed by a Major , with Sword and Mace borne before him in State , two Sheriffes , twenty foure Aldermen , a Recorder , a Town-Clerke , and a Sergeant of Peace , foure Sergeants , and six Yeomen . It hath been accounted the Key into Ireland , and great pity is it that the port should decay , as it daily doth , the Sea being stopped to scoure the River by a Causey that thwarteth Dee at her bridge . Within the walls of this City are eight Parish-Churches , S. Iohns the greater and lesser : in the Suburbs are the White Fryers , Blacke Fryers , and Nunry now suppressed . From which City the Pole is elevated unto the degree 53.58 . minutes of Latitude , and from the first point of the West in Longitude unto the 17. degree and 18. minutes . ( 8 ) The Earledome whereof was possessed from the Conquerour , till it fell lastly to the Crowne , the last of whom ( though not with the least hopes ) is Prince Henry , who to the Titles of Prince of Wales , and Duke of Cornwall , hath by Succession and right of inheritance , the Earlddom of Chester annexed to his other most happy Stiles : Vpon whose Person 〈…〉 of Iacobs God may ever attend , to his 〈…〉 Britaine 's happinesse . ( 9 ) If I should urge credit unto the report of certaine Trees floating in Bagmere , onely against the deaths of the Heires of the Breretons , thereby seated , and after to sinke untill the next like occasion : or inforce for truth the Prophecie which Leyland in a Poeticall fury fore-spake of Beeston Castle , highly mounted upon a steepe hill : I should forget my selfe and wonted opinion , that can hardly beleeve any such vaine predictions , though they be told from the mouths of credit , as Bagmere Trees are , or learned Leyland for Beeston , who thus writeth : The day will come when it againe shal mount his head aloft , If I a Prophet may be heard from Seers that say so oft . With eight other Castles this Shire hath been strengthened , which were Old-Castle , Shoclach . Shotwitch , Chester , Poulefourd , Dunham , Frodesham , and Haulten : and by the prayers ( as then was taught ) of eight religious houses therein seated , preserved ; which by King Henry the eight were suppressed : namely , Stanlow , Ilbree , Maxfeld Norton , Bunbery , Combermere , Rud-heath , and Vale-Royall , besides the White and Blacke Fryers , and the Nunnery in Chester . This Counties division is into seven Hundreds , wherein are seated thirteene Market-Townes , eighty six Parish-Churches , and thirty eight Chappels of ease . map of the county of Chester THE COUNTYE PALATINE OF CHESTER With that most aNCIENT CITIE described . Hundreds in Cheshire . 1. Wyrehalo . 2. Eddesbury . 3. Broxton . 4. Northwiche . 5. Bucklow . 6. Nantwiche . 7. Macclesfeild . A Acton , Eddes . Acton , Nant. Acton Grange , Buck. Adynton , Mac. Aggeton , Brox. Akedone , Buck. Nether Alderleigh , Mac. Over Alderleigh Mac. Aldelym , Nant. Alford , Brox. Aldresey , Brox. Allostock , North. Almare Hall , Brox. Alpram , Eddes . Alsacher , Nant. Alstanston , Nant. Alton , Eddes . ALTRINGHAM , B. Alvandeley , Eddes . Alvaston , Nant. Anderton , Buck. Appleton , Buck. Arclydd , North. Areley , Buck. Armitage , North. Arwe , Wyre . Ashefeild , Wyre . Assheley ▪ Buck. Asheton , Eddes . Assheton , Buck. Aston , Nant. Aston Grange , Buck. Aston Chappell , Buck. Ayton , Eddes . Ayton , North. B Bache , Brox. Backford , Wyre . Badileigh , Nant. Baggeleigh , Nant. Bagmere Mere , North. The Baites , Brox. Barkesford , Nant. Barnshaw , North. Barnston , Wyre . Little Barrow , Eddes . Great Barrow , Eddes . Barterton , Buck. Bartherton ▪ Nant. Barthynton , Buck. Barton , Brox. Bartumleigh , Nant. Bathynton , Nant. Over Bebynton , Wyre . Nether Bebynton , Wyre . The Beacon , Mac. Becheton , Nant. Beeston , Eddes . Beeston Castle , Eddes . Bexton , Buck. Bickerton , Brox. Beleigh , North. Birkin Flu. Blakenhall , Wyre . Blakenhall , Nant. Bnyrton , Brox. Bolyn , Mac. Bollyn Flu. Bolynton , Buck. Bolynton , Mac. Boseleigh , Mac. Bostock , North. Bought●n , Brox. Bouthes , Buck. Bowdon , Buck. Bradford , North. Bradley , Brox. Bradley , Buck. Bradwell , North. Bredbury , Mac. Brereton , North. Briddesmeyre , Nant. Brindeleigh , Nant. Brinston , Wyre . Bromall , Mac. Bromehall , Nant. Bromley , Nant. Broton hils , Brox. Broxton , Brox. Broxton hils , Brox. Brunburgh , Wyre . Brunscath , Wyre . Brunynton , Mac. Bucklow , Buck. Budeston , Wyre . Budworth , Eddes . Great Budworth , Buck. Buglawton ▪ North. Bukkeley , Brox. Bunbury , Eddes . Bureton , Nant. Burland , Nant. Burton , Eddes . Burton , Wyre . Burton , Brox. Burwardley , Brox. Butteleigh , Mac. Byrches , North. Byrchelles , Mac. C Caldey , Wyre . Great Caldey , Wyre . Caldecott , Brox. Calveleigh , Eddes . Capenhurst , Wyre . Capensthorne , Mac. Cardyn , Brox. Caringham , North. Carrynton , Buck. Chalkyleigh , Nant. Chad Chappell , Brox. The Chamber in the Forrest , Edde . Chappell in the street , Buck. Chedle , Mac. Chelford , Mac. WEST CHESTER , Bro. Childer Thotron , Wyre . Cholmton , Eddes . Cholmundley , Brox. Cholmundeston , Nant. Chorleigh , Nant. Chorleigh , Mac. Chorleton , Nant. Chorleton , Brox. Chorleton , Wyre . Chowley , Brox. Churchenheath , Brox. Churton , Brox. Chydlow , Brox. Clareton , Brox. Claughton , Wyre . Clifton , Buck. Clotton , Eddes . Clutton , Brox. Clyve , North. Codynton , Eddes . Coddynton , Brox. Coggeshall , Buck. Coiley , Nant. Combermere , Nant. CONGLETON , Nan. Conghull , Brox. Church Copenhall , Nant. Coton , North. Coton , Brox. Crabball , Wyre . Cranage , North. Crauton , Eddes . Crew , Nant. Crew , Brox. Church Cristleton , Brox. Little Cristleton , Brox. Rowe Cristleton , Brox. Croughton , Wyre . Croxton , North. Cumberbache , Buck. D Dane Flu. North. Dane Flu. Mack . Dane Inche , North. Dareley , Eddes . Darford , Nant. Darnall Grange , Eddes . Davenham , North. Davenport , North. Delamere Forrest , Edd. Deresbury , Buck. Disteleigh , Mack . Dodcot , Nant. Doddynton , Nant. Dodleston , brox . Dodynton , Brox. Dokenfeild , Mack . Dokynton , Brox. Downes , Mack . Dunham , Buc. Dunham , Eddes . Dudden , Eddes . Dutton , Buc. E Eaten boat , Brox. Ecchelles , Mac. Eccleston , Bro. Edlaston , Nant. Edge , Bro. Eggerton , Bro. Elton , Edd●● . Elton , North. Erdley hall , Mac. Estham , Wyre . F Fadisleigh , Nant. Fallybrome , Mac. Farndon , Bro. The Ferye , Wyre . Finborow , Eddes . Flaxyards , Eddes . Frankby , Wyre . FRODDESHAM , Ed. Froddesham hils , Eddes . Fulbrooke Flu. G Gayton , North. Grafton , Bro. Le Granne , Wyre . Graysby , Wyre . Le Green● , Wyre . Grimsdiche , Buck. Gropenhall , Buc. Grynley , Bro. Godleigh , Mac. Goit , Flu. Goit hall , Mac. Gostree , North. Goulborne David , Bro. Goulborne below , Bro. Gowseworth , M●● . Gowy Flu. H H●le ▪ Buck. Halghton , Eddes . Halywell , Brox. Hampton , Bro. Hanley , Bro. Hanton , Bro. Happesford , Eddes . Harbridge , Bro. Harden , Mac. Haslewall , Wyre . Haslyngton , Nant. Haslall , Nant. Hatherton , Nant. Hartesleigh , Mac. Hatton , Buc. Hatton , Bro. Haulton , Buc. Haukylow , Nant. Hawarden , bro. Hellesby torr , Eddes . Hellesby , Eddes . Henbury , Mac. Henhall , Nant. Henshaw , Mac. Hertford , Eddes . Herthull , brox . Highcliffe hill , Buc. Hokchull , Eddes . Holes , North. Hole , brox . Holford , North. Hollynworth , Mac. Honford , Mac. Honore , bro. Hooton , Wyre . Horton , bro. Hough , Nant. Houlme ▪ North. Houlme , North. Church Houlme , North. Howfeild , Eddes . Hull , buck . Huntingdon , brox . Hunsterston , Nant. Hurdesfeild , mac . Hurleston , Nant. Huxley , bro. I Idenshaw , Eddes . Inoe , Eddes . Irreby , Wyre . K Kekewick , buc . Kelsell , Eddes . Kent greene , North. Kerthingham , North. Ketelsholme , mac . Kiddington , bro. Kingesley , Eddes . Kirkby in Valley , Wyre . West Kirkby , Wyre . Knocktyron , Wyre . KNOTTESFORD , buc . Kynarton , bro. Kynderton , North. L Lache , brox . Lache Deneys , North. Lacheford , buc . Landecan , Wyre . Lareton , Wyre . Larkton , bro. Church Lawton , North. Lea , Wyre . Lea , North. Lea Chap. buc● . Lee , Na●● . Lee , bro. Lee , Flu. Leddesham , Wyre . Leford , Wyre . Leighes , North. High Leigh , buck . Leighton , Wyre . Lestwiche , North. Lostocke Flu. Lostocke gralam , North. Luscard , Wyre . Lyme , mac . Lymme , buck . M MACCLESFEILD , mac . Macclesfeild Forrest , mac . MALPAS , brox . Manley , Eddes . Marbury , buck . Marbury , Nant. Marleston , bro. Marsheton , buc . Marthall , buc . Marton , mac . Marton mere , mac . Marton , Eddes . Malefen , bro. Matteleigh , mac . Medietate , North. Little Meoles , Wyre . Great Meoles , Wyre . Merpull , mac . Mersey Flu. Meyre , buc . Micklehurst , mac . Middleton Grange , buc . MIDDLEWICHE , North. Milnhouse , mac . Milpoole , Nant. Mobberley , buc . Moldworth Great , Eddes . Little Moldworth , Eddes . Molynton Banestre , Wyre . Molynton torrend , wyre . Monkes Copenhall , Nant. Moore , buck . Moresbarowe , North. Moreton , wyre . Moreton , North. Morton , buc . Moston , North. Moston , brox . Mottram Andrew , mac . Mortram in Longdendale , mac . Moulton , North. Mulneton , Eddes . Mulynton , buc . Mynshull vernon , North. Church Mynshull , Nant. N NANTWICHE , Nan. Nesse , wyre . Little Neston , wyre . Great Neston , wyre . Netherton , Eddes . Newbold , brox . Newbold , wyre . Newbold astbury , Nort. Newhall , North. Newhall , mac . Newhall , Nant. Newton Chappell , mac . Newton , bro. Newton , buc . Newton , Eddes . Newton , wyre . Newton , bro. Newton , bro. Newton , North. Norbury , mac . Norbury , Nant. Norleigh , Eddes . Norton , buck . Norton Priory decayed , wyre . Northerden , mac . NORTHWICHE North. Northwiche Castle , Eddes . O Offerton , mac . Oggerleigh , brox . Okehanger Mere , Nant. Oldfeild , wyre . Oldcastle , bro. Ollarton , buck . Olton , Eddes . Over , Eddes . Overchurch , wyre . Overton , mac . Overton , bro. Ouleston , North. Ouston , Eddes . Oxton , wyr● . P Partington , buc . Peckferton , Eddes . Pennesby , wyre . Pephull , mac . Nether Pever , but. Over Pever , buc . Pever Flu. Pickmer , buc . Pickmere , buc . Pickton , buc . Plemestoo , bro. Plumleigh , buc . Plymyard , wyre . Podynton , wyre . Ponyngton , mac . Portwood Hall mac . Fooles , Nant. Nether Poole , wyre . Over Poole , wyre . Pooton Lancele , wyre . Port Chap , mac . Poulford , bro. Poulton , bro. Poulton , wyre . Pownall , mac . Powsey , buck . Prenton , wyre . Prestbury , mac . Preston , buck . The Pyle , Eddes . R Raby , wyre . Radnor , North. Ranenow , mac . Ravenscroft , North. Red Rocke , wyre . Redings , buc . Ridge , mac . Ridley , Eddes . Ringay Flu. Rock Savage , buck . Rode-hall , North. North Rode , mac . Romyleigh Chappell , mac . Ronaire , wyre . Roncorne , buc . Roop , Nant. Rotherstorne , buc . Rudheath , North. Russheton , Eddes . Rushton , North. S Sale , buc . Salghall little , wyre . Salghall mafly , wyre . Salghton , brox . Sandyway , Eddes . Secome , wyre . Shavinton , Nant. Shilbroke , North. Shokylache , brox . Church Shokylache , brox . Shotwicke , wyre . Rough Shotwicke , wyre . Shrigliegh , mac . Shrowesbury Abbey , buck . Shurlingeslaw Hill , mac . Smallwood , North. Smetenham , North. Smethewick , North. Soelleston , mac . Somerford , North. Somerford , mac . SONDBACHE , North. Sound , Nant. Spittle , wyre . Sparston , North. Spurstow , Eddes . Spurlache , North. Stackten , buc . Stanford , bro. Stanford bridge , Nant. Stanley , Eddes . Great Stanney , Nant. Stanthorne , North. Stapleford , bro. Stapleford , Eddes . Stapleleigh , Nant. Staveleigh , mac . Stockton , brox . Stockham , buc . Stoke , Nant. Stoke , wyre . Stoorton , wyre . STOPFORD , mac . Stretton , bro. Stretton Chap. buc . Stubbes , North. Sutton , mac . Sutton , buc . Sutton , brox . Sutton , North. Little Sutton , wyre . Great Sutton , wyre . Swanlowe , Eddes . Sydenhall , brox . Sydinton , mac . T Over Tableigh , buck . Nether Tableigh , buck . Tame Flu. Totenhall , bro. Totenhall Heath , brox . Tatton , buck . Taxhall , mac . Taxall , mac . TERVIN , Eddes . Tetton , North. Teverton , Eddes . Thingetwistee , mac . Thingwall , wyre . Thelwell Chappell , buck . Thorneton , Eddes . Thorneton Mayow , wyre . Thurstanten , wyre . Tilston , brox . Tittenleigh , Nant. Torkynton , mac . Torpurley , Eddes . Tost , buc . Tramnole , wyre . Great Troughford , brox . Bridge Troughford , Eddes . Tuffinham , bro. Twembroke , North. Twenlow , North. Tydeleston Farnehall , Eddes . Tyderington , North. Tymperleigh , buc . V Vale-riall , Eddes . Vernon , Nant. Upton , mac . Upton , wyre . Upton , bro. Urdesseigh , mac . Utkynton , Eddes . W Walfeild , North. Wallatt●n , Eddes . Walrescote , Eddes . Over Walton , buc . Nether Walton , buc . Walwarne Flu. Warbunton Chappell , buc . Wardley Eddes . Wareton , North. Wareton , brox . Warmingham , North. Wayleigh , mac . Webunbery , Nant. Weever , Eddes . Weever Flu. Welshrowe , Nant. Welford , buc . Weston , buc . Weston , Nant. Wetenhall Chap. Eddes . Weverham , Eddes . Whatcraft , North. Whelocke , North. Whelocke Flu. Whelocke Flu. Whernythe , mac . Over Whiteley , buc . Nether Whiteley , buc . Whitby , wyre . Whitegate , Eddes . Wichehalgh , bro. Wigland , bro. Wimslaw , mac . Wintel●y , Nant. Winyngton , Eddes . Wistanton , Nant. Withamshaw , buc . Witton , North. Wollaston , wyre . Wollaston , Nant. Wolstanwood , Nant. Woodbanke , wyre . Woodcot , Nant. Woodchurch , wyre . Woodford , mac . Woodhay , Nant. Woodhead , mac . Woodhouses , Eddes . Worleston , Nant. Wreton , North. Wrenbury , Nant. Wryenhill , Nant. Wrynehill Hall , Nant. Wymbold strongford , Eddes . Wymboldesley , North. Wynyngton , Eddes . Wynyngham , bu● . Wyreswall , Nant. Wyrwyn , brox . Wythinton , mac . Y Yardswicke , North. Yaton , mac . LANCA-SHIRE . THE Countie Palatine of Lancaster ( famous for the foure Henries , the fourth , fift , sixt , and seventh , Kings of England , derived from Iohn of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster ) is upon the South confined and parted by the River Mersey , from the Countie Palatine of Chester ; the faire Countie of Darbyshire bordering upon the East ; the large County of Yorkeshire , together with Westmerland and Cumberland , being her kind neighbours upon the North , and the Sea called Mare Hibernicum embracing her upon the West . ( 2 ) The forme thereof is long , for it is so inclosed betweene Yorke-shire , on the East side , and the Irish Sea on the West , that where it boundeth upon Cheshire on the South side , it is broader , and by little and little more Northward it goeth ( confining upon Westmerland ) the more narrow it groweth It containeth in length from Brathey Northward , to Halwood Southward , fiftie seven miles ; from Denton in the East , to Formby by Altmouth in the West , thirtie-one ; and the whole circumference in compasse , one hundred threescore and ten miles . ( 3 ) The Ayre is subtile and piercing , not troubled with grosse vapours or foggie mists , by reason whereof the people of that Countrey live long and healthfully , and are not subject to strange and unknown diseases . ( 4 ) The Soyle for the generalitie is not very fruitfull , yet it produceth such numbers of Cattle , of such large proportion , and such goodly heads , and hornes , as the whole Kingdome of Spaine doth scarce the like . It is a Countrey replenished with all necessaries for the use of man , yeelding without any great labour , the Commoditie of Corne , Flaxe , Grasse , Coales , and such like . The Sea also adding her blessing to the Land , that the people of that Province want nothing that serves either for the sustenance of nature , or the satietie of appetite . They are plentifully furnished with all sorts of Fish , Flesh , and Fowles . Their principall fuell is Coale and Turfe , which they have in great abundance , the Gentlemen reserving their woods very carefully , as a beautie and principall ornament to their Mannors and houses . And though it be farre from London ( the capitall Citie of this Kingdome ) yet doth it every yeare furnish her and many other parts of the Land besides , with many thousands of Cattle ( bred in this Countrey ) giving thereby and otherwise a firme testimony to the world , of the blessed abundance that it hath pleased God to enrich this noble Dukedome withall . ( 5 ) This Counties ancient Inhabitants were the Brigantes , of whom there is more mention in the description of Yorke-shire , who by Claudius the Emperor were brought under the Romane subjection ▪ that so held and made it their Seat , secured by their Garrisons , as hath beene gathered as well by many Inscriptions found in walles and ancient monuments fixed in stones , as by certain Altars erected in favour of their Emperours . After the Romanes , the Saxons brought it under their protection , and held it for a part of their Northumbrian Kingdome , till it was first made subjugate to the invasion of the Danes , and then conquered by the victorious Normans , whose posterities from thence are branched further into England . ( 6 ) Places of Antiquitie or memorable note , are these : the Towne of Manchester ( so famous , as well for the Market-place , Church , and Colledge , as for the resort unto it for clothing ) was called Mancunium by Antonine the Emperour , and was made a Fort and Station of the Romanes . Riblechester ( which taketh the name from Rhibell , a little River neere ( lithero ) though it be a small Towne , yet by tradition hath beene called the richest Towne in Christendome , and reported to have beene the Seat of the Romanes , which the many Monuments of their Antiquities , Statues , peeces of Coyne , and other severall Inscriptions , digged up from time to time by the Inhabitants , may give us sufficient perswasion to beleeve . But the Shire-town is Lancaster , more pleasant in situation , then rich of Inhabitants , built on the South of the River Lon , and is the same Longovicum , where ( as we find in the Notice Provinces ) a company of the Longovicarians under the Lieutenant Generall of Britaine lay . The beautie of this Towne is in the Church , Castle , and Bridge : her streets many , and stretched farre in length . Vnto this Towne King Edward the third granted a Maior and two Bailiffes , which to this day are elected out of twelve Brethren , assisted by twenty-foure Burgesses , by whom it is yearely governed , with the supply of two Chamberlaines , a Recorder , Town-Clerke , and two Sergeants at Mace. The elevation of whose Pole is in the degree of Latitude 54. and 58. scruples , and her Longitude removed from the first West point unto the degree 17. and 40. scruples . ( 7 ) This Countrey in divers places suffereth the force of many flowing tydes of the Sea , by which ( after a sort ) it doth violently rent asunder one part of the Shire from the other : as in Fourenesse , where the Ocean being displeased that the shore should from thence shoot a maine way into the West , hath not obstinately ceased from time to time to flash and mangle it , and with his fell irruptions and boysterous tydes to devoure it . Another thing there is , not unworthy to be recommended to memory , that in this Shire , not farre from Fourenesse Fels , the greatest standing water in all England ( called Winander-Mere ) lieth , stretched out for the space of ten miles of wonderfull depth , and all paved with stone in the bottome : and along the Sea-side in many places may be seene heapes of sand , upon which the people powre water , untill it recover a saltish humour , which they afterwards boyle with Turfes , till it become white Salt. ( 8 ) This Countrey , as it is thus on the one side freed by the naturall resistance of the Sea from the force of Invasions , so is it strengthned on the other by many Castles and fortified places , that take away the opportunitie of making Roades and Incursions in the Countrey . And as it was with the first that felt the furie of the Saxon crueltie , so was it the last and longest that was subdued under the West-Saxon Monarchie . ( 9 ) In this Province our noble Arthur ( who died laden with many trophies of honour ) is reported by Ninius to have put the Saxons to flight in a memorable battle neere Douglasse , a little Brooke not farre from the Town of Wiggin . But the attempts of warre , as they are severall , so they are uncertaine : for they made not Duke Wade happy in this successe , but returned him an unfortunate enterpriser in the Battle , which he gave to Ardulph King of Northumberland , at Billangho , in the yeare 798. So were the events uncertaine in the Civill Wars of Yorke and Lancaster : for by them was bred and brought forth that bloudy division and fatall strife of the Noble Houses , that with variable successe to both parties ( for many yeares together ) molested the peace and quiet of the Land , and defiled the earth with bloud , in such violent manner , that it exceeded the horrour of those Civill Warres in Rome , that were betwixt Marius aud Sylla , Pompey and Caesar , Octavius and Antony ; or that of the two renowned Houses Valoys and Burbon , that a long time troubled the State of France : for in the division of these two Princely Families there were thirteene fields fought , and three Kings of England , one Prince of Wales , twelve Dukes , one Marques , eighteene Earles , one Vicount , and three and twentie Barons , besides Knights and Gentlemen , lost their lives in the same . Yet at last , by the happy marriage of Henry the seventh , King of England , next heire to the House of Lancaster , with Elizabeth daughter and heire to Edward the fourth , of the House of Yorke , the white and red Roses were conjoyned , in the happy uniting of those two divided Families , from whence our thrice renowned Soveraigne Lord King Iames , by faire sequence and succession , doth worthily enjoy the Diademe : by the benefit of whose happy government , this Countie Palatine of Lancaster is prosperous in her Name and Greatnesse . ( 10 ) I find the remembrance of foure Religious houses that have beene founded within this County ( and since suppressed ) both faire for structure and building , and rich for seat and situation : namely , Burstogh , Whalleia , Holland , and Penwortham . It is divided into sixe Hundreds , besides Fournesse Fellers & Lancasters Liberties , that lie in the North part . It is beautified with fifteene Market-Townes , both faire for situation and building , and famous for the concourse of people for buying and selling . It hath twentie-sixe Parishes , besides Chappels , ( in which they duely frequent to divine Service ) and those populous , as in no part of the Land more . map of the county of Lancaster THE COUNTE PALLATINE OF LANCASTER DESCRIBED AND DIVIDED INTO HUNDREDS 1610 HVNDREDS in Lanca-shire . 1. Loynsedale . 1. Amoundernes . 3. Blackburne . 4. Lailand . 5. West Darbie . 6. Salford . A Abram , West . Accrington new , Black. Accrington , Black. Adlington , Lail. Aighton , Black. Akrinton Chapell , blac . Aldingham , Loyn. Alham , Black Alker , West . Allerton , West . Alt flu . Alt-mouth , West . Althome , Black. Alston , Amound . Andertonford , West . Anderton , West . Appleton , west . Ardwicke , Sal. Argholme , Loyn. Ar●lath L●●● . Arnesyd , loyn . Arum , loyn . Ashley , Lail. Ashurst , West . Ashton , Loyn. Ashton , Sal. Ashton in Makerfield , West . Ashton Chapell West . Ashton under lyne , Sal. Ashworth , Sal. Astley , Lail. Astley , Sal. Astley , West . Aspull , Sal. Atherton , sal . Atherton , West . Attithwan , Loyn. Aughton , West . Aughton , Loyn. Aucliffe , loyn . Aynetres , West . Aytenfeild , sal . B Bacup , Sal. Barre , Loyn. Bal●di●on , Black. Baley , Black. Bankhall , West . Bardley , Loyn. Barlow , sal . Barnsyde , Black. Baro head , loyn . Old Bairo I le , loyn . Barton , Amound . Barton , sal . Barton , West . Beckonfall lail. Bedforde , West . Bergerode , Amound . Bewsey , West . Bickerstaffe , West . Bigger , loyn . Bilesborowe , Amound . Billington , Black. Billing West . Birche , West . Bispham , Lail. Bispham , Amound . BLACKBURN , Black. Blackley , sal . Blackbrode , sal . Blackstone edge , sal . Blackrode , West . Blawithe , Loyn. Blesdaile , Amound . Bolland , Black. Bold , West . Boothe , West . Boothes hall , sal . Borwick , Loyn. Botton , Loyn. Boulton , Loyn. BOULTON , Sal. Bouth , Loyn. Bowland forrest , Amo. Bradley , West . Bradsey , Loyn. Bradshaw , sal . Bradlesham , sal . Brathey , Loyn. Brereclist , Black. Brindle , Lail. Brinsap , West . Brockall , Amound . Broke flu . Brotherton , Lail. Broughton , Amound . Broughton in Carmel , Loyn. Broughton in fournes , Loyn. Brundall , Black. Bryn , West . Brinynge , Amound . Bulke , Loyn. Burcots , Loyn. Burgh , Lail. BURIE , Sal. Burn●ley , Black. Burrowe , Loyn. Burscough , West . Burscott Abbey West . Burton wood , West . Butterworth , Sal. Byram , West . C Calder flu . Calder flu . Cansfeild , Loyn. Cappul , Lail. Car , West . Carleton , Amound . Carpmansal , Loyn. Cartmell , Loyn. Cartlone passage , Loyn. Castleton , sal . Caton , Loyn. Catford hall , Amound . Catterall , Amound . Chadgley , Black. Chatmosse , sal . Chatburne , Black. Chattertoun , sal . Charnock , Lail. Charnock Richard , Lail. Chaverton Chappell , Sal. Cheeton , Sal. Childwell , West . Childwall , VVest . Chippin , Black. Chirche , Black. Chorley , Lail. Chorlton , Sal. New Church , Black. Classe , Loyn. Claton hall , Sal. Claton in the dale , Bla. Claton in the more , Bl. Claughton , Loyn. Clawghton , Amound . Clayton , Lail. Clegge , Sal. Clifton , sal . Clifton , Amound . Clithcrowe , Black. Cloughoo hill , Loyn. Cockerham , loyn . Cockley chap. Sal. Coker flu . Coker sandala , Loyn. Coldcoats , Black. Colder flu . The Colledge , Sal. COLNE , Black. Conder flu . Coniston , Loyn. Conyside passage , Loyn. Corney rawe , Amound . Cotham , Amound . Coulton , Loyn. Crackford , Loyn. Cranfurth , Loyn. Cressingham , Loyn. Croste , West . Crompton , Sal. Cronton , VVest . Crosbie great , VVest . Crosbie little , VVest . Croshall VVest . Croshouse , Loyn. Croston , Lail. Crostath , VVest . Crumsall , Sal. Culcheth , VVest . Cunseough , VVest . Curdeley , VVest . D Dalton , Loyn. Dalton , loyn . Dalton , VVest . Darwin flu . Doulton Castle , Loyn. Dean , Sal. Denaholme , Sal. Denton , Sal. Denton hall , Sal. Derbie west VVest . Diddesbury , Sal. Dilworthe , Black. Ditton , VVest . Docker , Loyn. Docker flu . Dowgles , Lail. Dowgles flu . Downham , Black. Down-holland , VVest . Drilsden , Sal. Duckley , Black. Dudden flu . Dunkinbalgh , Black. Durwen upper , black . Durwen nether , black . Dutton , black . Duxburye , Lail. E Eatenburgh , Lail. Earton , VVest . Eccleston , VVest . Eccleston little , Amoun . Eccleston , Lail. Eckles , Sal. Edgecrosse , Sal. Edgeworth , Sal. Edmarch Chappel , Am. Egleston , VVest . Egton , Loyn. Elandas , Loyn. Elhills , Loyn. Ellynburgh , Sal. Elswicke , Amound . Elston , Amound . South End , Loyn. North End , Loyn. Extwist , Black. F Failsworth , Sal. Farleton , Loyn. Farneworth , West . Farrington , Lail. Fawbridge , Black. Fazakerley , VVest . Fernehead , VVest . Fildesly , VVest . Fithwick , Amound . Flixton , Sal. Flokesharo , Loyn. Formebye , VVest . Fosse flu . Fulney I le , Loyn. Fournise fels , loyn . Fournesse , loyne . Foxdenton , Sal. Freckleton great , Amo. Frith hall , Loyn. Fulwood , Amound . G Garret , Sal. Garstrange Church , Amound . GARSTRANGE , Am. Garston , VVest . Glason , Loyn. Glasbrooke , West . Glasten Castle , Loyn. Golborne , West . Gorton , Sal. Gousnargh , Amound . Gowborn head , Loyn. The Grange , Amound . Grathwat , Loyn. Grene , VVest . Greeno , Amound . Greenno Castle , Amo. Greenhalph , Amound . Gresgarth , Loyn. Gressingham , Loyn. Grimstore , Amound . Grisedale , Loyn. Grysehurst , Sal. H Hackinston , Amound . Hackensdall , Amound . Haclelock , VVest . Haighe , West . Haighton , Amound . Hale , VVest . Halewood , VVest . West Hall , Loyn. Halliwell , Sal. Halsall , VVest . Halton , loyn . Hambleton , Amound . Hamfeild hall , loyn . Handley , black . Hapton , black . Hardhorne , Amound . Harrock hall , lail. Hartlebeck flu . Harwich Chappell , Sal. Hardwood , sal . Harwood little , black . Harwood great , black . Hastingden , black . Haughton west , sal . Hauxshead , loyn . Haucolme Chappell , Sal. Haye , VVest . Haycote , loyn . Heapey , lail. Heath , lail. Heaton , loyn . Heaton , sal . Heaton Norris , sal . S. Helins , VVest . Henthorne , black . Heskin , lai . Heskethe , lai . Hest loyn . Hestbanke passage , lai . Heyhouses , black . Highfeild , loyn . Hill , lai . Hindley , VVest . Hinton , VVest . Hodder flu . Hollcroft , VVest . Holland Chappel , West . Holme , black . Holme , sal . Hollin , VVest . Holme , VVest . Hoole much , lai . Hoole little , lai . Hopwood , sal . Horneby Castle , loyn . Horwiche , sal . Hotherfall , Amound . Houghton , lai . Houghton towre , black . Houghton Chappell , W Houghwick , lai . Howker , loyn . Hugh hall , sal . Hulton parke , sal . Hulton , sal . Huncot , black . Hunderfeild , sal . Hurleston hall , VVest . Hut , West . Hutton , loyn . Hutton , lai . Hutton , loyn . Hyndborn flu . Hysham , loyn . I Ighlenhill parke , black . Iswick , Amound . Ince , VVest . Ince blundell , VVest . Inkeslip , Amound . Inskippe , Amound . S. Johns chappell , Amo. Irebye , loyn . Irwell flu . K Kallamer , Amound . Kellet nether , loyn . Kellet over , loyn . Ken flu . Ken sandes , loyn . Kenmon , VVest . Kermansholme , sal . Keverdale , black . Kilcheth , VVest . Kirkebie , VVest . Kirkebye Irelethe , loyn . Kirkedale , VVest . KIRKEHAM , Amoun . Kirkland , Amound . Knowesley , VVest . Kuleshill , black . L Lailand mose , lai . Lailand , lai . LANCASTER , loyn . Langhoo hall , black . Langton Chappell , lai . Langtree , lai . Larbreck , Amound . Larbricke , Amound . Lastok , sal . Lathome , VVest . Laton , Amound . The Laund , Amound . Lawcon , VVest . Lawe , black . S. Lawrence . Amound . Lea , Amound . Lecke , loyn . Lee , loyn . Leece , loyn . Legba●o , loyn . Leighe , VVest . Leighe west , VVest . Lerpoole haven , VVest . LERPOOLE , West . Little Lever , sal . Great Lever , Sal. Leven Sandes , loyn . Leyghton , loyn . Linecar , West . Litherland , VVest . Littleburgh , sal . The Lodge , lai . The Lodge , Amound . Longridgehill , black . Longridge Chappel , black . Longton , lai . Lostock , sal . Low , VVest . Lowick , loyn . Lun flu . Lycha●e , West . Lydiate , VVest . Lyndell , loyn . Lythome , Amound . Lyvesey , black . M MANCHESTER , sal . Marton , VVest . Marton mere , West . Marton mose , Amound . Marton mere , Amound . Marshden , black . Martholme , black . Masengill , loyn . Meales , West . Mearley , black . Meawdisley , lai . Medler , Amound . Medlock flu . Melling , loyn . Melling , West . Mellor , black . Michaels Church , Amoun . Middleton , sal . Middleton , loyn . Mierstough , Amound . Milnerow , sal . Mitton , black . Morelees , sal . Mosbarrow , West . Moscroft , VVest . The Mosse , VVest . Moston , sal . Mowbricke , Amound . N Nateby hall , Amound . Newbiggin , loyn . Newbridge , loyn . Newburgh , VVest . Newchurch , VVest . Newhall , VVest . Newhall , sal . Newland , loyn . New parke , West . Nowton , loyn . Newton , Amound . Newton , Amound . Newton , sal . Newton , loyn . Newton in make●feild , VVest . Nibthwat , loyn . Nighull , VVest . Norbreck , Amound . Northmeal●● , West . O ORMESCHURCH . Orrel , West . O●baldeston , black . Osmonderley , loyn . Oswoldtwist , black . Overto● , loyn . Ouldham , sal . Oxecliffe , loyn . Oxenfeild , loyn . P Paddynham , black . Parke flu . New Parke , West . Parbold , lai . Part , West . The Pele , lai . The Pele , West . Pembleton , West . Pendle hill , black . Pendleton , black . Pendleton , sal . Penketh , West . Pennington , loyn . Penwortham , lai . Pilkington , sal . Pilline mose , Amound . Pillin hall , Amound . Pleasingh●on , black . Plumpton wood , Amoun . Plumpton , Amound . Plumpton , loyn . Pooleton , West . Powton , Amound . Prescott , West . PRESTON , Amoun . Prestwiche , sal . Prisall , Amound . Priscoo , Amound . Prise , Amound . Pulten , loyn . Punnington , VVest . The Pyle of fondraw , loyn . Q Quernmore , loyn . R Radcliffe , sal . Ramsyde , loyn . Ratcliffe , sal . Raventon , lai . Ravenpik hill , sal . Rawcliffe nether , Am. Rawcliffe over , Am. Raynforde , VVest . Raynhill , VVest . Read , black . Rediche , sal . Ribchester , black . Ribchester , black . Ribbie , Amound . Ribble flu . Ribleton , Amound . Rimington , black . Risheton , black . Rivington , sal . Rixton , VVest . Roberts-hall , loyn . Robie , West . Robrindale , loyn . Roburne flu . Roche flu . ROCHEDALE , sal . Roseaker . Amound . Rosse hall , Amound . Rossendale , black . Royton , sal . Ruseland , loyn . Rusforth , lai . Rysley , VVest . Ryton , sal . S Saleburie , black . Salford , sal . Sambury hall , black . Samblesbury , black . Saterthwat , loyn . Savoke , flu . Scaley , loyn . Scaley , loyn . Scals , loyn . Scaresbrick , West . Scotfurth , loyn . Selleth hall , loyn . Selton , West . Shakerley , sal . Shay Chappell , sal . Shevington , lai . Shirehead , Amound . Silverdale , loyn . Simonswood forrest , West . Singleton little , Amound . Singleton great , Amound . Skales , Amound . Skarth north , loyn . Skelmersdale , VVest . Skipp●n flu . Skirton , loyn . Slyne , loyn . Smethels , sal . Souckie , VVest . Southwate , loyn . Southworthe , VVest . Sowberthwat , loyn . Sowick , Amound . Sowrbie , Amound . Speake , VVest . Spodden flu . Spotland , sal . Stalmyne , Amound . Stanall , Amound . Standish , lai . Standish hall , lai . The Stanke , loyn . Stanley , loyn . Staning hall , Amound . The Countie Stones , loyn . Stonyhurst , black . Strangwes , sal . Stretforde , sal . Stubley , sal . Sunbrick , loyn . Sunderland point , loyn● . Sutton , VVest . Symonston , black . T Tarleton , lai . Tatham , loyn . Taude flu . Taume flu . Terinker , Amound . Terlescowood , VVest . Terver Chappell , loyn . Thistleton , Amound . Thorneley , black . Thorneton , VVest . Thorneton , Amound . Thurland , loyn . Thurnham , loyn . Thurstan flu . Tiberthwat , loyn . Tilfey , Sal. Tockholes , black . Todmerden , sal . Torbucke , West . Torkscarth parke , VVest . Torner , loyn . Tornesse , loyn . Torrisholme , loyn . Tottingtonn , sal . Townley , black . Traford , sal . Trawden , balck . Treales , Amound . Tunstall , loyn . Turton , sal . Twekeston , lai . Twiston , black . V Ulneswalton , lai . ULVERSTON , loyn . Up holland , VVest . Urmston , sal . Urswick , loyn . W Waarbreck , Amound . Waddiker , Amound . Walmesley , sal . Walney Iland , loyn . Walney Chappel , loyn . Walshwhitt , lai . Walton hall , lai . Walton in the dale , black . Walton , VVest . Wantree , West . Warton , loyn . WARRINGTON , West . Warton , Amound . Weasam , amound . Weeton , amound . Wennyngton , loyn . Werdale , black . Werdley , sal . Werdon , lai . Westbie , amound . Whalley , black . Wheatley , black . Wheelton , lai . Whickleswick , sal . Whiston , West . Whittle in the woods . lai . Whittington , loyn . Whittingham , amound . Wicoler , black . Widdnes , West . WIGAN , West . Wilpshire , black . Winander mere , loyn . Windle , West . Winmelay , amound . Winnington flu . Winstanley , West . Winstenley , West . Winster flu . Winwick , West . Winworth , sal . Wire flu . Wire flu . Wiswall , black . Withington , sal . VVithnell , lay . VVitton , black . VVoodland Chappell , loyn . VVoolston , West . VVoolton little , West . VVoolton great , West . VVoorston , black . VVordsall , sal . VVorsley sal . VVorsthorne , black . VVorthington , lai . VVotton , West . VVraye , amound . VVraysholme tower , loyn . VVrayton , loyn . VVrenesse hill , loyn . VVrightington , lai . VVulf cragge , loyn . VVyersdale , loyn . VVyersale forrest , loyn . VVinder , loyn . Y Yelland , loyn . THE DESCRIPTION OF YORKE-SHIRE . AS the courses and confluents of great Rivers , are for the most part fresh in memory , though their heads and fountains lye commonly unknown : so the latter knowledge of great Regions , are not traduced to oblivion , though perhaps their first originals be obscure , by reason of Antiquitie , and the many revolutions of times and ages . In the delineation therefore of this great Province of Yorkeshire , I will not insist upon the narration of matters neere unto us ; but succinctly run over such as are more remote ; yet neither so sparingly , as I may seeme to diminish from the dignitie of so worthy a Countrey ; nor so prodigally , as to spend time in the superfluous praising of that which never any ( as yet ) dispraised . And although perhaps it may seeme a labour unnecessary , to make relation of ancient remembrances , either of the Name or Nature of this Nation , especially looking into the difference of Time it selfe ( which in every age bringeth forth divers effects ) and the dispositions of men , that for the most part take lesse pleasure in them , then in divulging the occurrents of their own times : yet I hold it not unfit to begin there , from whence the first certaine direction is given to proceed ; for ( even of these ancient things ) there may be good use made , either by imitation , or way of comparison , as neither the reperition , nor the repetition thereof shall be accounted impertinent . ( 2 ) You shall therefore understand : That the Countie of Yorke was in the Saxon-tongue called Euerric-scyre , Effrdc-scyre , and Ebora-scyre , and now commonly Yorkeshire , farre greater and more numerous in the Circuit of her miles , then any Shire of England . She is much bound to the singular love and motherly care of Nature , in placing her under so temperate a clime , that in every measure she is indifferently fruitfull . If one part of her be stony , and a sandy barrain ground : another is fertile and richly adorned with Corn-fields . If you here finde it naked , and destitute of Woods , you shall see it there shadowed with Forests full of trees , that have very thicke bodies , sending forth many fruitfull and profitable branches . If one place of it be Moorish , Myrie , and unpleasant ; another makes a free tender of delight , and presents it selfe to the eye , full of beautie and contentive varietie . ( 3 ) The Bishoprick of Durham fronts her on the North-side , and is separated by a continued course of the River Tees . The Germane Sea lyeth sore upon her East-side , beating the shoares with her boisterous waves and billows . The West part is bounded with Lancashire , and Westmerland . The South-side hath Cheshire and Darbishire ( friendly Neighbours unto her ) with the which she is first inclosed : then with Nottingham and with Lincolne shires : after divided with that famous Arme of the Sea Humber : Into which all the Rivers that water this Country , emptie themselves , and pay their ordinary Tributes , as into the common receptacle and Store-house of Neptune , for all the watery Pensions of this Province . ( 4 ) This whole Shire ( being of it selfe so spacious ) for the more easie and better ordering of her civill government , is divided into three parts : which according to three quarters of the world , are called The West-Riding , The East-Riding , and The North-Riding : West-Riding is for a good space compassed with the River Ouse ; with the bounds of Lancashire , and with the South limits of the Shire , and beareth towards the West and South . East-Riding bends it selfe to the Ocean , with the which , and with the River Derwent shee is inclosed , and looks into that part where the Sunne rising , and shewing forth his beames , makes the world both glad and glorious in his brightnesse . North-Riding extends it self Northward , hem'd in as it were , with the River Tees and Derwent , and a long race of the River Ouse . The length of this Shire , extended from Harthill in the South , to the mouth of Tees in the North , are neere unto 70. miles , the bredth from Flambrough-head to Horncastle upon the River Lun , is 80. the whole Circumference 308. miles . ( 5 ) The Soile of this County for the generalitie is reasonable fertile , and yeelds sufficiency of Corne and Cattle within it selfe . One part whereof is particularly made famous by a Quarry of Stone , out of which the stones newly hewen be very soft , but seasoned with winde and weather of themselves doe naturally become exceeding hard and solide . Another , by a kinde of Limestone , whereof it consisteth , which being burnt , and conveyed into the other parts of the countrey , which are hilly and somewhat cold , serve to manure and enrich their Corn-fields . ( 6 ) That the Romans flourishing in Military prowesse , made their severall stations in this Countrey , is made manifest by their Monuments , by many Inscriptions fastned in the walles of Churches , by many Columnes engraven with Roman-worke found lying in Churchyards , by many votive Altars digd up that were erected ( as it should seeme ) to their Tutelar Gods ( for they had locall and peculiar Topick Gods , whom they honoured as Keepers and Guardians of some particular places of the Countrey ) as also by a kinde of Bricks which they used : for the Romans in time of Peace , to avoyd and withstand idlenesse , ( as an enemie to vertuous and valorous enterprises ) still exercised their Legions and Cohorts in casting of Ditches , making of High-wayes , building of Bridges , and making of Bricks , which having sithence been found , and from time to time digd out of the ground , prove the antiquitie of the place by the Romane Inscriptions upon them . ( 7 ) No lesse argument of the pietie hereof , are the many Monasteries , Abbeys , and Religious houses that have been placed in this Countrey ; which whilest they retained their owne state and magnificence , were great ornaments unto it : but since their dissolution , and that the teeth of time ( which devoures all things ) have eaten into them , they are become like dead carkasses , leaving onely some poore ruines and remaines alive , as reliques to posteritie , to shew of what beautie and magnificence they have beene . Such was the Abbey of Whitby , founded by Lady Hilda , daughter of the grand childe unto King Edwine . Such was the Abbey built by Bolton , which is now so razed and laid levell with the earth , as that at this time it affords no appearance of the former dignitie . Such was Kirkstall Abbey , of no small account in time past , founded in the yeere of Christ 1147. Such was the renowned Abbey called S. Maries in Yorke , built and endowed with rich livings by Alan the third Earle of little Britaine in Armerica ; but since converted into the Princes House , and is called The Mannour . Such the wealthy Abbey of Fountaines , built by Thurstin Arch-bishop of Yorke . Such the famous Monastery founded in the Primitive Church of the East-Saxons , by Wilfrid Arch-bishop of Yorke , and enlarged ( being fallen down and decayed ) by Odo Arch-bishop of Canterbury . Such was Drax a Religious House of Chanons . Such that faire Abbey built by King William the Conquerour at Selby ( where his son Henry the first was born ) in memory of Saint German , who happily confuted that contagious Pelagian Heresie , which oftentimes grew to Serpentine head in Britaine . These places for Religion erected , with many more within this Provinciall Circuit , and consecrated unto holy purposes , shew the Antiquitie , and how they have been sought unto by confluences of Pilgrimes in their manner of devotions : The mists of which superstitious obscurities , are since cleared by the pure light of the Gospell revealed , and the skirts of Idolatry unfolded to her own shame and ignominie : And they made subject to the dissolution of Times , serving onely as antique monuments and remembrances to the memory of succeeding Ages . ( 8 ) Many places of this Province are famoused as well by Name , being naturally fortunate in their situation , as for some other accidentall happinesse befallen unto them . Halifax , famous , as well for that Iohannes de sacro Bosco , Author of the Sphere , was born there , and for the law it hath against stealing , and for the greatnesse of the Parish , which reckoneth in it eleven Chappels , whereof two be Parish Chappels , and in them to the number of twelve thousand people . map of Yorkshire YORK SHIRE Pomfret is famous for the Site , as being seated in a place so pleasant , that it brings forth Liquorice and great plentie of Skiriworts , but it is infamous for the murther and bloodshed of Princes : The Castle whereof was built by Hildebert Lacy a Norman , to whom William the Conquerour gave this Towne , after Alrick the Saxon was thrust out of it . ( 9 ) But I will forbeare to be prolixe or tedious in the particular memoration of places in a Province so spacious , and onely make a compendious relation of Yorke , the second Citie of England , in Latine called Eboracum and Eburacum , by Ptolemy , Brigantium ( the chief Citie of the Brigants ) by Ninnius , Caer Ebrauc , by the Britaines , Caer Effroc , and by the Saxons Euor-ric , and Eofor-ric . The British History reports that it took the name of Ebrauc that founded it ; but some others are of opinion , that Eburacum hath no other derivation then from the River Ouse running thorow it : It over-masters all the other places of this Countrey for fairenesse , and is a singular ornament and safeguard to all the North parts . A pleasant place , large , and full of magnificence , rich , populous , and not onely strengthened with fortifications , but adorned with beautifull buildings as well private as publike . For the greater dignitie thereof it was made an Episcopall See by Constantius , and a Metropolitane Citie by a Pall sent unto it from Honorius . Egbert Arch-bishop of Yorke , who flourished about the yeere seven hundred fortie , erected in it a most famous Library . Richard the third repaired the Castle thereof being ruinous , and King Henry the eight appointed a Councell in the same , to decide and determine all the causes and Controversies of the North-parts , according to equitie and conscience : which Counsell consisteth of a Lord President , certaine Counsellers at the Princes pleasure , a Secretary , and other Vnder-officers . The originall of this Citie cannot be fetcht out but from the Romanes , seeing the Britains before the Romanes came , had no other towns then woods fenced with trenches and rampiers : as Caesar and Strabo doe testifie . And that it was a Colonie of the Romanes , appears both by the authoritie of Ptolemie and Antonine , and by many ancient Inscriptions that have been found there . In this Citie the Emperour Severus had his Palace , and here gave up his last breath ; which ministers occasion to shew the ancient custome of the Romanes , in the military manner of their burials . His body was carryed forth here by the Souldiers to the Funerall fire , and committed to the flames , honoured with the lusts and Turnaments both of the Souldiers and of his own sonnes : His ashes bestowed in a little golden pot or vessell of the Porphyratstone , were carryed to Rome and shrined there in the monument of the Antonines . In this Citie ( ●s Spartianus maketh mention ) was the Temple of the Goddesse Bellona ; to which Severus ( being come thither purposing to offer sacrifice ) was erroneously led by a rusticall Augur . Here Fl. Valerius Constantius , surnamed Chlorus ( an Emperour of excellent vertue and Christian pietie ) ended his life , and was Deified as appears by ancient Coines : and his sonne Constantine being present at his Fathers death , forthwith proclaimed Emperour ; from whence it may be gathered of what great estimation Yorke was in those dayes , when the Romane Emperours Court was held in it . This Citie flourished a long time under the English-Saxons Dominion , till the Danes like a mightie storme , thundring from out the North-East , destroyed it , and distained it with the blood of many slaughtered persons , and wan it from Osbright and Ella Kings of Northumberland , who were both slaine in their pursuit of the Danes : which Alcuine in his Epistle to Egelred King of Northumberland , seemed to presage before , when he said ; What signifieth that raining down of blood in S. Peters Church of Yorke , even in a faire day , and descending in so violent and threatning a manner from the top of the roofe ? may it not be thought that blood is comming upon the Land from the North-parts ? Howbeit Athelstane recovered it from the Danish subjection , and quite overthrew the Castle with the which they had fortified it ; yet was it not ( for all this ) so freed from warres , but that it was subject to the Times fatally next following . Neverthelesse , in the Conquerours time , when ( after many wofull overthrows and troublesome stormes ) it had a pleasant calme of ensuing peace , it rose againe of it selfe , and flourished afresh , having still the helping hand both of Nobilitie and Gentry , to recover the former dignitie , and bring it to the perfection it hath : The Citizens fenced it round with new wals , and many towers and bulwarks , and ordaining good and wholesome laws for the government of the same . Which at this day are executed at the command of a Lord Major , who hath the assistance of twelve Aldermen , many Chamberlaines , a Recorder , a Towne-Clerke , six Sergeants at Mace , & two Esquires , which are , a Sword-bearer , and the Common Sergeant , who with a great Mace goeth on the left hand of the Sword. The longitude of this Citie , according to Mercators account , is 19. degrees and 35. scruples : the latitude 54. degrees and 40. scruples . ( 10 ) Many occurrents present themselves with sufficient matter of enlargement to this discourse , yet none of more worthy consequence then were those severall Battles , fought within the compasse of this Countie ; wherein Fortune had her pleasure as well in the proofe of her love , as in the pursuit of her tyranny ; sometime sending the fruits of sweet peace unto her , and otherwhiles suffering her to taste the sowrenesse of warre . At Conisborough ( in the Britaine tongue Câer Conan ) was a great Battle fought by Hengist , Captaine of the English-Saxons , after he had retired himself thither for his safetie , his men being fled and scattered , and himself discomfited by Aurelius Ambrosius ; yet within few dayes after he brought forth his men to Battle against the Britaines that pursued him , where the field was bloody both to him and his ; for many of his men were cut in pieces , and he himself had his head chopt off , as the British History saith ; which the Chronicles of the English-Saxons deny , reporting that he dyed in peace , being surcharged and over-worne with the troublesome toyles and travels of warre . Neere unto Kirkstall , Oswie King of Northumberland , put Penda the Mercian to flight : the place wherein the Battle was joyned , the Writers call Winwid-feild , giving it the name by the victory . And the little Region about it ( in times past called by an old name Elmet ) was conquered by Eadwin King of Northumberland , the sonne of Aela , after he had expelled Cereticus a British King , in the yeere of Christ , 620. At Casterford ( called by Antonine Legeolium and Legetium ) the Citizens of Yorke slew many of King Ethelreds Army , and had a great hand against him , in so much as he that before sate in his throne of Majestie , was on a sudden daunted , and ready to offer submission . But the most worthy of memory , was that Field fought on Palm-Sunday , 1461. in the quarrell of Lancaster and Yorke , where England never saw more puissant Forces both of Gentry and Nobilitie : for there were in the field at one time ( partakers on both sides ) to the number of one hundred thousand fighting men . When the fight had continued doubtfull a great part of the day , the Lancastrians not able longer to abide the violence of their enemies , turned backe and fled amaine , and such as tooke part with Yorke , followed them so hotly in chase , and kild such a number of Noble and Gentlemen , that thirtie thousand Englishmen were that day left dead in the field . ( 11 ) Let us now loose the point of this compassse and faile into some other parts of this Province , to finde out matter of other memorable moment . Vnder Knausbrough there is a Well called Dropping-Well , in which the waters spring not out of the veines of the earth , but distill and trickle down from the rocks that hang over it : It is of this vertue and efficacie , that it turnes wood into stone : for what wood soever is put into it , will be shortly covered over with a stonie barke , and be turned into stone , as hath been often observed . At Giggleswicke also about a mile from Settle ( a Market Town ) there are certaine small springs not distant a quaits cast from one another : the middlemost of which doth at every quarter of an houre ebbe and flow about the height of a quarter of a yard when it is highest , and at the ebbe falleth so low , that it is not an inch deepe with water . Of no lesse worthinesse to be remembred is Saint Wilfrids Needle , a place very famous in times past for the narrow hole in the close vaulted roome under the ground , by which womens honesties were wont to be tryed : for such as were chaste passe through with much facilitie ; but as many as had plaid false , were miraculously held fast , and could not creepe through . Beleeve if you list . The credible report of a Lampe found burning ( even in our Fathers remembrance , when Abbeys were pulled down and suppressed ) in the Sepulchre of Constantius , within a certaine vault or little Chappell under the ground , wherein he was supposed to have been buried , might beget much wonder and admiration , but that Lazius confirmeth that in ancient times they had a custome to preserve light in Sepulchres by an artificiall resolving of gold into a liquid and fattie substance , which should continue burning a long time , and for many ages together . ( 12 ) This Yorkeshire picture I will draw to no more length , lest I be condemned with the Sophister , for insisting in the praise of Hercules , when no man opposed himselfe in his discommendation . This Countrey of it selfe is so beautifull in her own naturall colours , that ( without much help ) she presents delightfull varieties both to the fight and other senses . THE VVEST-RIDING OF YORKE-SHIRE . CHAPTER XL. THE other Division , which is called the West-Riding of Yorkeshire , lying towards the North-West , carryeth a great compasse : On the North-side it borders upon part of the North-Riding : On the East upon part of the East-Riding , and part of Lincoln-shire . The West-side is neighboured with part of Lanca-shire : The South confined with Nottingham and part of Darby-shires . ( 2 ) The Ayre unto which this Countie is subject , is for the most part frigid and cold , much subject to sharpe winds , hard frosts , and other intemperate and Winter-like dispositions of weather : in so much as the people of this Province are inured to maintain a moderate and ordinary heat in their bodies , by an extraordinary hardnesse of labour , and thereby become very healthfull , and not so often afflicted with infirmities , as others are that live more easily . ( 3 ) Although the Soile in the generalitie be not fruitfull , as lying very high and full of ragged rockes and swelling mountaines , yet the sides thereof stooping in some places doe beare good grasse , and the bottomes and vallies are not altogether unfertill . That part that borders upon Lancashire is so mountainous and waste , so unsightly and full of solitarinesse , that the bordering neighbours call certaine little Rivers that creepe along this way , by a contemptible name , Hell becks . That part againe , where the River Vre cutteth thorow the vale called Wends-dale , is very good ground , where great flockes of sheepe doe pasture , and which , in some places , do naturally yeeld great plenty of Lead-stones : In other places , where the hils are barren and bare of Corne and Cattle , they make a recompence of those wants by the store of Copper , Lead , and Stone , or Pit-coale , with the which they are abundantly furnished . That part where the River Swale running downe East-ward , out of the West Mountaines ( with a violent and swift streame ) to unlade her selfe into the River Vre , and passing along a large and open vale , which derives the name from her , and is called Swale-dale , hath a neighbouring place full of Lead-Oare : and for the lacke of woods , which doth here much pinch the people , they are requited againe with plentie of grasse , which this place yeelds them in great abundance . Thus hath provident nature for every discommoditie made amends with a contrarietie , and furnished the defects of one place with sufficient supply from another . ( 4 ) The ancient Inhabitants knowne unto Ptolomey , and of whom there is other mention made , as well in the generall and other particular divisions of Yorke-shire , as in the Countries likewise joyning in proximitie unto them , were the Brigantes , subdued by the Romanes . And because the roome best fitted for the Citie of Yorke , in this Chard I have placed it , whose description you may finde in the Generall ; so the North-riding , spacious to containe the sites of the Townes , Hull and Richmond , are therein charged : but wanting place there to relate of both , I am constrained to speake of the latter here ; desiring my Reader to beare with these necessities . Richmond the chiefe Towne of the North-Riding , seated upon Swale , seemed to have been fenced with a Wall , whose Gates yet stand in the midst of the Towne , so that the Suburbs are extended farre without the same . It is indifferently populous and well frequented , the people most imployed in knitting of Stockings , wherewith even the decrepit , and children , get their own livings . ( 5 ) Alan the first Earle thereof , distrusting the strength of Gilling ( a Manor house of his not farre off , called by Bede Gethling ) to withstand the violence of the Danes and English , whom the Normans had despoiled of their inheritance , built this Towne , and gave it ●e name , calling it Richmond , as one would say , The Rich Mount , which he fortified with a Wall and strong Castle set upon a Rocke : for Gilling ever since the time that Oswy King of Northumberland ( being there Guest-wise entertained ) was murtherously made away , was more regarded in respect of Religion , then for any strength it had : in expiation of which murther , the Monastery was founded and had in great account among our Ancestors . This Towne for the administration of government , hath an Alderman yeerely chosen out of twelve Brethren , who is assisted by twentie foure Burgesses , a Recorder , foure Chamberlaines , and two Sergeants at Mace. The position of this place for Latitude is set in the deg . 55.17 . min. from the North-Pole , and for Longitude from the first West-point in the degr . 18. and 50 min. ( 6 ) Things of raritie and worthy observation in this Countie , are those hils neere Richmond , where there is a Mine or Delfe of Copper , mentioned in a Charter of King Edward the fourth , having not as yet beene pierced into . Also , those Mountaines , on the top whereof are found certaine stones much like unto Sea-winkles , Cockles , and other Sea-fish ; which if they be not the wonders of nature , yet with Orosius ( a Christian Historiographer ) we may deeme to be the undoubted tokens of the generall Deluge , that in Noahs time over-flowed the whole face of the earth . Also the River Swale ( spoken of before ) which among the ancient English was reputed a very sacred River , and celebrated with an universall glory , for that ( the English-Saxons first embracing Christianitie ) in one day about ten thousand men , besides a multitude of women and children , were therein baptized unto Christ , by the hands of Paulinus Arch-bishop of Yorke : A holy spectacle , when out of one Rivers Channell so great a progenie sprung up , for the celestiall and heavenly Citie . ( 7 ) Places in elder times had in great estimation with the Romanes , were Bayntbridge , where they in those dayes had a Garrison lying , the reliques whereof are there remaining . Bowes , in Antonines Itinerary called Lavatrae or Levatrae , ( both by the account of distance , and the site thereof , by the high street of the Romans ) confirmes the antiquitie by a large stone found in the Church , sometimes used for an Altar-stone , with an inscription upon it to the honour of the Emperour Hadrian . The first Cohort also of the Thracians lay here in Garrison , whilest Virius Lupus ruled as Lieutenant Generall , and Propretor of Britaine under the Emperour Severus , as appeares by inscriptions from hence translated to Connington in Huntingtonshire . Here also in the declining estate of the Romane Empire , the Band or Company of the Exploratores kept their Station , under the dispose of the Generall of Britaine , as is witnessed by the Notice of Provinces . At Spittle on Stanemore is the fragment of a Crosse , by us called Rerecrosse , by Scots , Reicrosse , as one would say , The Kings Crosse , which Hector Boetius ( a Scotish Writer ) recordeth to have been a Meere-stone confining England and Scotland . And a little lower , upon the Romans high Street , stood a little Fort of the Romanes , built foure-square , which at this day is called Maiden Castle . At Burgh ( in times past called Bracchium ) the sixt Cohort of the Nervians lay in Garrison . And not long since , the Statue of Aurelius Commodus the Emperour was digged up , which Statue of his may then seeme to be erected , when he prizing himselfe more then a man , proceeded to that folly , that he commanded himselfe to be called , The Romane Hercules , Iupiters Sonne . For he was purtraied in the habit of Hercules , his right hand armed , holding a Club : and this hath appeared by a mangled inscription found lying under the same Statue . Catarike and Catt-rrick-bridge ( amongst the rest ) bring in arguments of their antiquitie , as well by the situation thereof neere unto the High-street-way which the Romanes made , as also by heapes of rubbish here and there dispersed , which shew very probable signes to confirm the same . ( 8 ) Places of devotion , sequestred from other worldly affaires , and consecrated to religious uses , were these : The Monastery built neere Richmond , the Abbey for Canons , erected at Coverham ( now called Corham ) in Coverdale , and the Abbey of Cistertians , first founded at Fois , and after translated to Iervis or Iervalle , which is watered by the River Vre . These flourished in the dayes of ignorance and obscuritie , and were flockt unto in great Confluences , before the darknesse of errours was chased and driven away by the light of holy Faith : but since the operation of Go●s Almightie grace hath so wrought in the hearts of the faithfull , that they have not onely spurned and trodden their Idols under their feete , but have also made the very places ( that were their receptacles ) to become the ruinous objects of superstition . ( 9 ) This Division of Yorkeshire , called the West-Riding hath beene strengthned with four strong Castles , is yet traded with twentie one Market-Townes , and Gods divine service is celebrated in one hundred and foure Parish-Churches , besides Chappels , whereof there is an Alphabeticall enumeration in the Table following . map of the West Riding of Yorkshire THE WEST RIDINGE OF YORKESHIRE with The most famous and fayre Citie YORKE described . 1610 West Ri●ing , Hu●dreds . 1. Stancliffe Wap . 2. Claro Wapon . 3. Ansly Division . 4. Barks●on W●p . 5. Skirack Wapon . 6. Morley Wapon . 7. Aggbrigge Wap . 8. Osgo●crosse Wap . 9. S●rasforth Wap . 10. Staincrosse Wap . A Aber●orth , Skir. Acaster , Bark . Acaster Ouer. A●●● . Ackworth , Osgod . Acro●tweeke , Stan. Addington , Stan. Adle , Skir. Adlingflet , Osg. Adwolton , Mor. Adwicke upon Deune , Stras . Adwicke upon Straton , Stras . Aiketon , Ag. Akeham , Anst. Akeham Grange , A●s● . Aldbulg , Clar. Alhallowegate , Clar. Allerton , Clar. Allerton , Mor. Allerton by water , Skir. Allerton Chappell , Skir. Almonbrey , Ag. Almoscliffe , Clar. Alcoftes , Ag. Alwoodley , Skir. Appleton , Bark . Appeltreew●ke , Stan. Ardesley , Sta● . Ardesley East , Mor. Ardesley West , Mor. Ardington , Skir. Are Flu. A●kendell , Clar. A●kley , Stras . Armeley , Mor. Arme●horpe , Stras . Armin great , Bark . Arnecliffe , Stan. Armin little , Bark . Aserley , Car. Aston , Stras . Ask●ham B●yan , Anst. Ask●ham Richard , Anst. Askwith , Clar. As●e●by ▪ Bark Atte cl●●●e , Stras . Aughton ▪ Stras . Aughton ▪ Stras . Aukeswicke , Stan. Auste●feild , Stras . Austerly , Stras . Auston , Osgod . Auston , Stras . Austroppe , Skir. Ausw●●k , Stan. Awdefeild , Clar. Awdebrough , Clar. Awstweecke , Stan. Ayreton , Stan. Aze●ley C●ar . Azemon Derbie . B Baddesworth , Osgod . Badley , Skir. Baiden , Skir. Balby , Stras . Balnehall , Osgod . Banck Newton , Stan. Barden Chase , Clar. Barden Tower , Stan. Bargh , Stain . Barkesland , Mor. Barkston , Bark . Barley , Bark . Barmby Hall , Stain . Bamby upon Dun , Stras . Barmbrough , Stras . Barnbrooke , Stan. Barinbow , Skir. Barnold ●weeke , Stan. Barton Chappell ▪ Stain . BARNESLEY , Stain . Barseland , Mor. B●shall , Stan. Bashall , Stan. Batings , Mor. Baitley , Mor. Barwi●ke , Skir. BAWTRE , Stras . B●ylden , Skir. Beausley , Clar. Beacliffe , Stras . Bearley Hall , Mor. Beel , Osgod . Beckwith , Clar. Beggermans , Stan. Beiston , Mor. Belton , Anst. Bentham , Stan. Bentley , Stras . Be●ley . Bark . Berlunystrey , Clar. Bettrese Hill , Bark . B●kerton , Anst. B●●burge , Anst. Ballam , Stras . Billingley , Stras . Bilton , Anst. Bilton , Clar. Binglay , Skir. Beckon , Bark . Bestwith , Clar. Blackstone edge , Ag. B●land Forrest , Stan. Bolling , Mor. Bolton , Stan. Bolton , Mor. Bodgate , Clar. Boulton , Stan. Boulton , Stras . Bourne . Bowland Forrest , Stan. Bowsterston , Stras . Bracthwell , Stras . Bradley , Mor. Bradley , Mor. Bradley Chappell , Stan. Bradefeild , Stras . BRADFORD , Mor. Bradforth , Stan. Bradsay , Skir. Branham , Bark . Branham Moore , Skir. Bramley , Stras . Bramley , Mor. Bramope , Skir. Brampton , Stras . Brampton in Mo●●hing , Stras . Brampton Byerley , Str. Bramwith , Stras . Brandley , Stan. Brasewell , Stan. Brawell , Stras . Brayton , Bark . Brearton , Clar. B●etton , Stain . Bretton , Ag. Brexeton , Clar. Brierley , Stain . Brierley Parke , Stain . Brinham , Clar. Brightside , Stras . Brodholme , Stras . Brodsworth , Stras . Bromchall , Stras . Brotherton , Bark . Broughton , Stan. Bruncly●●e , Mor. Buerley , Clar. Buckdon , Stan. Burghwalles , Osgod . Burlay , Skir. Brunsall , Stan. BVRROW BRIGDE , C. Button , ●ark . Button Stan Button Grange , Stain . Button Leonard , Clar. Burstall , ●●r . Bushop Monckton , Clar. Bushop Tho●nton , Clar. Bushopside , Clar. Bushopton , Clar. Bushopton , C●ar . Bushopthorpe , Anst. Byerley North , Mor. By●gin , Bark . By●k●n , Bark . Byrom , Bark . C Cadeby , St●as . Ca●ton , Clar. Calder Flu. Calton , Sta● . Calverley , Mor. Cambill , Stain . Camleforth , Bark . Campfall , Osgod . Ca●e●ton . Stain . Carleton , Ag. Carlton , Skir. Carlton , Stan. Carleton , Bark , Castleforth , Osgod . Castleton , Clar. Castlye , Clar. Cattall , Clar. Cattall great , Clar. Catterton , Anst. Caulder Flu. Cautley , Stras . Cawod Castle , Bark . Cawthorne , Stan. Cayley , Skir. Chappleton , Skir. Chappell Hadlesay , Bar Chetehall , Ag. Chidsall , Mor. Church Ferton , Bark . Clack Heatoa , Mor. Clapham , Stan. Clapham , Stan. Clayton , Mor. Clayton , Stras . Clayton , Stain . Cly●ford , Bark . Clyfford , Bark . Clyfton , Stras . Clyfton , Mor. Clyfton , Mor. Clyfton , Clar. Clint. Clar. Cluhero , Clar. Collingham , Skir. Colny Chappell , Mor. Con●shton Cole , Stan. Conondly , Stan. Conyston , Stan. Capgrave , Clar. Copley , Mor. Copley Hall , Mor. Corpenthorpe , Anst. Coulton , Anst. County Stone , Stan. Cowhouse , Clar. Cowley , Stras . Cowicke , Osgod . Cow●ling , Stan. Cow●horpe , Clar. Crakow , Stan. Carlton , Ag. Crig●leston , Ag. Cr●●gaite , Clar. Crossand , Ag. Crossand South , Ag. Cros●on , Ag. Croston , Chappell , Mor. Croston , Ag. Crumweth , Mor. Cudworth , Stain . Cumberworth , Stain . Cumberworth , Ag. Cullinworth , Mor. Cunbrough , Stras . Cusworth , Stras . D Dalton , Stras . Dalton , Ag. Da●strop , Stras . Darfeide , Stras . Da●●ey , Clar. Darnall , Stras . Darubroke , Stain . Darrington , Osgod . Darton , Stain . Debdale , Stan. Denby , Stras . Denby , Stain . Denby Ash Grange , Ag. Denby Hall , Stain . Denholme Parke , Mor. Denneley , Stras . Dent , Stan. Dent Flu. Denton Hall , Clar. Dewestbury , Mor. South Dighton , Clar. North Dighton , Clar. Dodworth , Stain . DONCASTER , Stras . Donkeswicke , Clar. Draughton , Stan. Draughton , Stan. Drax , Bark . Drax , Stras . Drighlington , Mor. Dringhou●es , Anst. Dun Flu. Dunford over , Clar. Nether Dunford , Clar. Dunningley , Mor. Dynington , Stras . E Eastbrand , Mor. Eastleforth , Osgod . Ecelfeild , Stras . Ecelfall , Stras . Ecclesell , Mor. Ecope , Skir. Edlington , Stras . Egbrough , Osgod . Eland , Mor. Eland Hall , Mor. Elinworth Chappel , Mo Elmesall North , Osgod . Elmesall South , Osgod . Elstake , Stan. Elunley , Ag. Emley , Ag. Emley , Ag. Emsey , Stan. Emshaw , Stan. Enbychworth , Stain . Eringdon , Mor. Eshton , Stan. Esington , Stan. Estby , Stan. Estfeild , Mor. Ewoo● , Mor. Extrope , Stras . F Farneley , Mor. Farnley , Mor. Farnley , Ag. Farsley , Mor. Fayerbourne , Bark . Fearnhill , Stan. ●elki●ke , Stain . Fellischiffe , Clar. Fenton South , Bark . Fennicke Chappel , Stra. Ferntham , Clar. Ferneley , Clar. Ferry , Stras . Ferry bridge , Osgod . Fetherston , Osgod . Flasbie , Clar. Flasbie , Stan. Flockton Nether , Ag. Flockton Over , Ag. Fishlake , Stras . Firbeck , Stras . Fixbie , Mor. Frickley , Stras . Fyinden , Mor. F●ke●by , Osgod . Follifer , Clar. Fontaines Abbey , Clar. Foulby , Ag. Foyston , Clar. Furbeck , Stras . Fuyston , Clar. G Gaitforth , Bark . Gaerforth , Skir. Gargrave , Stan. Garshall , Stan. Ga●●e , Stras . Gauhey , Clar. Gauthorpe , Clar. Gauthorpe , Skir. Ge●endall , Clar. Giggleswicke , Stan. Gildenweiles , Stras . Gilki●ke , Stan. Girinigton , Stan. Grismton , Stan. Gisborne , Stan. Gislay , Skir. Gole , Osgod . Golthrop , Stras . Gomerfall , Mor. Goos●hurst , Bark . Go●pill Hill , Mor. Gouldall , Osgod . Gouldesburgh , Clar. Gowthwate , Clar. Gledles , Stras . Glusborne , Stan. Glusoune , Stan. Graston , Bark . Graston , Clar. Grantley , Clar. Gravesburgh , Stras . Great Flu. Grasbrough , Stras . Greene Woodley , Mor. Gretland , Mor. Grewelthorpe , Clar. Grindleton , Stan. Grynleton , Stan. Grymston , Bark . Gunthwaite , Stain . Gurton Salmon , Bark . H Hadlesai West , Bark . Hallam , Stras . HALLIFAX , Mor. Hallowes , Mor. Halton East , Stan. Halton West , Stan. Halworth , Mor. Hamerton Grene , Clar. Hamledon , Bark . Hampall , Stras . Hampesthwair , Clar. Handlethe , Stan. Harden , Mor. Hardwick , Osgod . Hardington , Stras . Harrogatie , Clar. Harteshead , Mor. Harthill , Stras . Hartlington , Stan. Harton in Craven , Stan. Harwood , Skir. Haselwood , Bark . Hasley , Clar. Hateseile chuse , Stras . Hatherker , Clar. Hauderby , Osgod . Hauercrosse , Stain . Haugh , Stras . Haukesworth head , Str. Hausworth , Stras . Hawden pa●ke , Skir. Hawksweeke , Stan. Hawkesworth , Skir. Hawethe , Mor. Hawton , Stan. Hayalythe , Stan. Headingley , Skir. Hay Parke , Clar. Headighe , Anst. Headyghe , Anst. Heaton Clack , Mor. Heaton Chappell , Mor. Heaton in Brudfordale , Mor. Heath , Ag. Hebeen , Stan. Hebeen Flu. Heck great , Osgod . Heck little , Osgod . Heckmondwicke , Mor. Heley , Stras . Hellaby , Stras . Hellyfeild , Stan. Helton , Stan. Hemsall , Osgod . Hemsworth , Osgod . Hepronstall , Mor. Herfeild , Clar. Heshey , Clar. Hewick , Clar. Hickleton , Stras . Hickleton , Stras . Higham , Bark . Hillom , Bark . Himshelfe , Stain . Hipeholme , Mor. Hodder Flu. Hoke , Osgod . Hollinsuth , Ag. Homley , Ag. Honsingate , Clar. Hooton leuet , Stras . Hooton pannell , Stras . Hooton Robert , Stras . Horbirry , Ag. Horton , Mor. Horton , Mor. Horton on Rib , Stan. Horsserthe , Skir. Houghton , Osgod . ● Houghton great , Stras . Houghton little , Stras . Howdenhouse , Stras . Howdenparke , Skir. Howley hall , Mor. Howne , Stain . Howtongill Chappell , Stain . Howland , Stras . Hoylland high , Stain . Hoylland swaine , Stain . Hubberton , Stan. Huboram , Stain . Hudde●feild , Ag. Huddleston , Bark . Huddleston , Bark . Hunsener , Clar. Hunshelfe , Stain . Hunsworth , Mor. Hunslet , Mor. Huerst , Bark . Hutherfeild , Mor. Hutton , Anst. Hyndley , North , Stain . Hymsworthe , Stain . I Idle , Mor. Ilklay , Skir. Ingb●●●hworth , Stain . Ingerthorpe , Clar. Ingerthorpe , Clar. Ingleborow hill , Stan. Ingleton , Stan. Ingleton , Stan. Ingmanthorp , Clar. K Kebeck Flu. Kebeck Flu. Ketreby , Clar. Keighley , Stan. Keling hall , Clar. Kellington , Osgo● . Kerbrough , Stain . Kerstall , Skip . Kettlesdale spring , Stan. Kettlesmed , Clar. Kettlewell , Stan. Keswick East , Skir. Kidhall , Skir. Kildweeke , Stan. Kilholme , Stras . Killinghall , Clar. Kilmatshe , Stras . Kilnsey , Stan. Kimberworth , Stras . Kinesdale spring , Stan. Kirsley , Osgod . Kipax , Skir. Kirkbee , Stan. Kirkbye , Bark . Kirkbie , Clar. Kirbie madsyde , Clar. Kirkbie overblowes , Cl. Kirkbie South , Osgod . Kirke burton , Ag. Kirke dighton , Clar. Kirke heaton , Ag. Kirke hamerton , Clar. Kirklesse , Mor. Kirksandull , Stras . Kittingley , Osgod . Knapton , Anst. KNARESBROVGH , C. Knaresburgh Forest , Cl. Kridling parke , Osgod . L Lacoke , Stan. Lady crosse , Stain . Lambrekedike flu . Land North , Mor. Land East , Mor. Langcliffe , Stan. Langfeild , Mor. Laughton , Stras . Langrike , Bar. Langthwat , Stras . Langset , Stain . Langstrehdale chase , Stan. Langstrehdale chase , Stan. Lareton , Cla. Leadhall , Bar. Leathley , Cla. Ledsam , Bar. Ledstone , Bar. Ledston little , Bar. Ledston little , Skir. LEEDS , Skir. Leeds Kirkgait , Skir. Leeds mamudding , Skir. Leighton in the morning . Stras . Lepton , Ag. Letwell , Stras . Letwell , Stras . Leuenthorpe , Mor. Leuer●all , Stras . Leuersedge , Mor. Lightcliffe chappell , M Lindley , Clar. Linton , Clar. Lockwood , Ag. Lodghouse , Cla. Ludderton , Bar. Luddington , Mor. Lumby , Bar. Luone flu . Lyndholme , Stras . Lynton , Stan. Lytton , Stan. M Maleby , Stras . Malewry , Cla. Maltby , Stras . Maltham , Stan. Malwater , Stan. Markingfeild , Cla. Markington , Cla. Maningham , Mor. Mart , Stras . Marsden , Ag. Marshe land , Osgod . Marshe ditch , Osgod . Marton , Bar. Marton , Cla. Marton East , Stan. Marton VVest , Stan. S. Maries , Bar. Maulam , Stan. Mawsirs , Stan. Medley , Ag. Melton high , Stras . Melton VVest , Stras . Meltham , Ag. Menston , Skir. Menwith , Cla. Melton upon mount , Str. Meathley , Ag. Mexbrough , Stras . Michlehaw hill , Cla. Micklefeild , Bar. Middle headsley , Bar. Middlesmer , Cla. Middleton , Cla. Middleton , Mor. Middlethorpe , Aust. Milforth North , Bar. Milforth South , Bar. Minskippe , Cla. Mitton , Stan. Mere●unkton , C●a . Merehouse , Stras . Moreton , Skir. Morley , Mor. Morton , Skir. Mulwith , Cla. Munckbreton , Stain . Munckfriston , Bar. Myddop , Stan. Mydgley , Mor. Mydhopchap , Stras . Mynski● , Cla. My●feild , Mor. Myssise , Cla. Mytton , Stan. N Nap●ay , Stan. Ne●feild , Cla Netherdale , Cla. Netherton , Ag. Newbiggin , Skir. Newbiggen , Stan. Newbre , Cla. Newhall , Stras . Newhall , Stan. Newhall , Cla. New Parke , Ag. Newland , Bar. Newland , Ag. Newthorpe , Bar. Newthorpe , Bar. Newthoase , Cla. Newsholme , Stan. Newsome , Stan. Newton , Stan. Newton , Stan. Newton hall , Cla. Newton Kinne , Bar. Nonnewicke , Cla. Nonmonekton , Cla. Notton , Stain . Nostall , Osgod . Nydd , Cla. Nid Flu. North land , Mor. Normanton , Ag. Notton , Osgod . Nun Apleton , Bar. O Okenshaw , Mor. Okeworth , Stan. Old Towne , Mor. Ollerton , Bar. Olton , Mor. Osendike , Bar. Osset , Ag. Osset , Ag. OTLAY , Skir. Otterburne , Stan. Ovendon , Mor. Oulcoten , Stan. Ouse Flud , Cla. Outwood , Bar. Owletton , Stras . Owstom North , Mor. Owstum South , Mor. Outwood , Ag. Oxnop , Mor. Oxspringe , Stain . Oxton , Anst. P Padside , Cla. Pannall , Cla. Parlington , Skir. Patley bridge , Cla. Paythorne , Stan. Pennygent-hill , Stan. Pennyston , Stain . Pigburne , Stras . Pinnow hill , Stan. Plompton , Cla. Pollington , Osgod . PONTEFRACT , Osgod . Poppleton Nether , Cla Poppleton Over , Cla. Posthouse , Ag. Potter Newton , Skir. Powle , Skir. Preston , Osgod . Preston long , Stan. Pudley , Mor. Purston , Skir. Q Quarnbie , Ag. Quicke , Ag. R Randon Parke , Stan. Ramsgill , Cla. Rams-mill , Stan. Ramfeild , Stras . Rastricke , Mor. Rather Flu. Ranucliffe , Osgod . Rawden , Skir. Rawmarsh , Stras . Rawthmell , Stan. Redhouses , Cla. Rednesse , Osgod . Remmogton , Stan. Ribble Flu. Stain . Ribton hall , Cla. Riddleston , Skir. Rigton , Skir. Rigton , Cla. Rilston , Stan. Ripax , Cla. RIPPON , Cla. Riponden , Mor. Roche , Stras . Rocley , Stain . Rocliffe , Cla. Rodeshall , Mor. Rondhay , Skir. Rosington , Stras . ROTHERHAM , Stras . Rothwell , Mor. Rosset , Cla. Roiston , Stain . Rufford , Anst. Rush Parke , Bar. Rushforth , Skir. Rybstone great , Cla. Rybstone little , Cla. Ryle , Stain . RYPLEY , Cla. Ryshworth , Mor. Ryther , Bar. S Sandall , Stras . Sandall , Ag. Sandall , Stras . Sandbecke , Stras . Saddleworth , Ag. Sapeden , Mor. Sawley , Cla. Sawlle , Stan. Saxton , Bar. Scalnie Parke , Bar. Scharthingwell , Bar. Scausbie , Stras . Scawsbie Stras . Scricole , Mor. Scothorpe , Stan. Scotten , Cla. Scryven , Cla. Seacrofte , Skir. Sedber , Stan. SELBYE . Bar. SETTLE , Stan. Shadwell , 〈◊〉 Sharleston , Ag. Sharo , Cla. Sharphill , Bar. Shafton , Stain . Sheaffeild Manner , Str. Sheapley , A● . SHEFFEILD , Stras . Sheffeild Mannor , Stra. Shelburgh , Osgod . Shelfe , Mor. Shellen , Ag. Shelle , Ag. SHERHORN , Bar. Sherston , Ag. Shibden , Mor. Shipley , Mor. Shitlington , Ag. Sicklinghall , Cla. Silsden , Stan. Skale Parke , Stan. Skelgaite , Cla. Skelton , Cla. SKIPTON , Stan. Skircotes , Mor. Sladbone , Stan. Slaghwaite , Ag. Slandburne , Stain . Slemingforth , Cla. Smavis , Bar. Smeton , Osgod . SNATHE , Osgod . Snidale , Ag. Sootill , Mor. Sowerby , Mor. Sowerby bridge , Mor. Sowland , Mor. Spoforth , Cla Spoforth Parke , Cla. Spiritbrough , Stras . Sprodbrug , Stras . Spruston , Skir. Staineland , Mor. Stainton , Stras . Stamford , Stras . Stame , Cla. Stanfeild , Stras . Stanley , Ag. Stanley , Ag. Staneley , Cla. Stanley North , Cla. Stane land , Mor. Stan●feild , Mor. Stanfeild , Mor. Staneley , Cla. Staynebeck nether , Cla. Staynebeck upper , Cla. Staynebet hall , Stain . Staineborne , Cla. Staynebrough , Stain . Stayneley , Cla. Stayneley North , Cla. Stayneforth , Stras . Stayneforth , Stan. Staynyngton , Stras . Stapleton , Osgod . Starhoton , Stan. Steton , Stan. Stetonhull , Anst. Stokell , Cla. Stocketle , Cla. Stubbes , Stras . Stubham , Cla. Studley , Cla. Studeley great , Cla. Streeton , stan . Streeton hall , Anst. Streetethorpe , stras . Sturton , stan . Stutton , Bar. Suthill , Mor. Sutton , Bar. Sutton , stan . Swilington , skir . Swinden , stan . Swinefleete , Osgod . Swinton , stras . Sykehouse Chappell , stras . Synnenthwate , Anst. Syntton , stras . Syxforthe , Cla. Sylxton , stain . T Tadcaster , Bar. Tankersley , stan . Tawne , Ag. Temple Newson , skir . Terne , stan . Thorne , stras . Thorne , stras . Thornecrosse , Cla. Thornecliffe , stras . Thornehill , Ag. Thorne , stras . Thorne mere , stras . Thorner , skir . Thornthwate , Cla. Thornton , Mor. Thornton , stan . Thornton in Craven , stan . Thornton in Lonsdale , stan . Thorpe , Cla. Thorpe , Cla. Thorpe , Bar. Thorpe , stras . Thorpe on the Mount , Mor. Thorporch , Anst. Thorpsalve , stras . Threshfeild , stan . Thoborgh , stras . Thropsalvyn , stras . Thurgoland , stain . Thurlston , stain . Thurnsco , Stras . Thurnsco , stras . Thursland , Ag. Thurstonland , Ag. Tinglaw , Mor. Tockwith , Anst. Todwicke , stras . Tonge , Mor. Topcliffe , Mor. Towton , Bar. Towton , Bar. Treton , stras . Tristrop , stras . Turnbrigdike Flu. Tweselton , stan . Tyckhill , stras . Tylen , stras . Tymble great , Cla. Tymble little , Cla. Tynslaw , stras . V Vghtershaw , stan . Vllay , stras . Vpton , Osgo● . V●bane great , Cla. V●bane little , Cla. Vskell , Bar. W Waddesley bridge , stras . Waddington , stan . Waddington , stan . Wadworth , stras . Wadworth , stras . Wadsworth , Mor. Wakefeild kirkegate , Ag. Wakefeild Northgate , Ag. WAKEFEILD Westgate , A Waldinwells , stras . Wadkingham , Cla. Wales , stras . Walles , stras . Wallothwaite , Cla. Walton , Ag. Walton , Anst. Walton head , Cla. Warley , Mor. Warmfeild , Ag. Warmsworth , stras . Warnsworth , stras . Warsbrough , stain . Water fulton , Osg. Waterton hall , Ag. Watersham , skir . Wath upon dome , stras . Washbroke Flu. Washforth , Cla. Weardlay , skir . Weeton , Cla. Went Flu. Wenthrig , Osgod . Wentworth , stras . Westbury , stras . West Hall , Cla. West Houses , Cla. Westerton , Mor. Westgaite , Cla. WETHERBIN , Cla. Weston , Cla. Wharse Flu. Wharse Flu. Wharingbye , Mor. Wharledale , Cla. Wharnside hill , stan . Wheatlye , stras . Wheatley , stras . Whelpston Hil● , stan . Whitcliffe , Cla. Whitgift , Osgod . Whit●ey Hal , Ag. Whitley , Ag. Whitwood , Ag. Whiston , stras . Whixley , Cla. Whitley , Osgod , Wibsey , Mor. Wicke , Mor. Wicke , Mor. Wickesley , Cla. Wickensley , stras . Widhophead , Mor. Widkirke , skir . Wigill , Anst. Wigglesworth , stan . Wigglesworth , stan . Wigheweseh , stras . Wigton , skir . Wikeley , stras . Wilsthorpe , Anst. Wingby , Osgod . Winterborne , stan . Winterset , stain . Wistow , Bar. Woodham , Cla. Wo●ry stain . Wombroel , stras . Womersley , Osgod . Woodall , Cla. Woadhouse , stras . Woodhouse , stras . Woodsonne , Hall , Ag. Woodsets , stras . Workeley , Mor. Wooroll , stras . Worspur , stain . Wo●tley , stain . Wragby , Osgod . Wrenthorpe , Ag. Wyseda●e . Y Yeadon , skir . Yokenthwait , stan . THese parts of the division of Yorkshire , and the East and North-Riding , are stretched out East-ward , even to the Spurn-head , and on the North coast are separated from the Bishoprick of Durham , and with the Sea : hath Westmorland on the West Humber on the South , and the German Sea upon the East , being separated each from other by the River Derwent , running betwixt them with a long winding course . ( 2 ) The aire is subtile and piercing , and not inclined naturally to contagious infections , which causeth the people to live long and healthfully , and are not so subject to Agues , Fluxes , or other imperfections as those Countries be , that are more troubled with mists , or foggie vapours . ( 3 ) The soyle is generally indifferently fruitfull ; for though some part be craggie , mountainous , and full of hilles , yet some others exceeding good for the gifts of Nature in her delightsome varieties , as of Corne , Cattle , and Pasturage ; with veines of Metall , and Iron , besides an Allum earth of sundry colours , out of which some have lately begunne to trie very good Allum and Copperasse . And for fish , the Hollanders and Zelanders doe raise unto themselves great profit upon this coast , having long since obtained licence , which they keepe still by an ancient custome : for the English-men granting leave unto others , reserved the honour to themselves , which would be ( no doubt ) farre the greater , if they made gaine of their owne labours . ( 4 ) Places for trade and venting forth of her commodities are many , yet none of such convenience as Kingstone upon Hull : which notwithstanding , cannot fetch her beginning from any great antiquitie , being before time called Wike . King Edward the first built this Towne , making a a Haven , and granting divers liberties to the Burgesses ; so that it is risen to great state , both for stately buildings , and strong Block-houses for Ships , well furnished , and store of Merchants , and is now become the most famous Towne of that Countrey ; whose greatest riches is ascribed to the gainfull trade they have by Iland-fish , dried and hardned , commonly called Stock-fish . This Towne is governed by a Maior , ( who hath the sword of State carried before him ) twelve Aldermen , that in their Assemblies goe clad in Scarlet , one Sheriffe , a Water-bailiffe , a Sword-bearer , a Chamberlaine , a Recorder , a Towne-clerke , and six Sergeants at Mace. Whose graduation according as the Mathematickes have observed , is for Longitude 20 degrees and 30. scruples , and for Latitude 54. degrees and 28. scruples . ( 5 ) Beverley in honour of S. Iohn Arch-bishop of Yorke , by King Athelstane obtained many priviledges , whereof a Sanctuary was one , wherein Bankerouts and men suspected of any capitall crime , might be safe and free from danger of Law. This is memorable , that the River from Hull was cut by the Townesmen , sufficient to carry Boats and Barges . ( 6 ) Places of memorable note , are Whitby , where are found certaine stones fashioned like Serpents , folded and wrapp●d round in a wreath , even the very pastimes of Nature , who when she is wearied ( as it were ) with serious workes , sometimes forgeth and shapeth things by way of sport and recreation : so that by the credulous they are thought to have beene Serpents , which a coate or crust of stones had now covered all over , and by the prayers of Saint Hilda turned to stones . And also there are certain fields here adjoyning , where Geese flying over , fall downe suddenly to the ground , to the great admiration of all men . But such as are not given to superstitious credulitie , may attribute this unto a secret proprietie of this ground , and a hidden dissent betwixt this soyle & these Geese , as the like is between Wolves and the Squilla roots . At Skengrave ( a little village ) some seventie yeers since , was caught a fish called a Sea-man , that for certaine dayes together fed on raw fishes , but espying his opportunitie , escaped againe into his watery element . At Hunt-Cliffe are found stones of a yellowish , others of a reddish colour , of a certain salt matter , which by their smel and taste make shew of Copperasse , Nitre , and Brimstone . Also great store of Marquesites , in colour resembling brasse . Ounsbury hill , besides a spring of medicinable waters for the eyes , is a prognostication unto her neighbours ; whose head being covered with a cloudy cap , presageth some tempestuous stormes or showres to follow . So doth another place neer Moulgrave Castle , where is found blacke Amber or Iette : some take it to be Gagates , in old time a Gemme , and precious stone of great estimation . At Huntly Nabo , are stones found at the rootes of certain rockes , of divers bignesse , so artificially shaped round by Nature , in manner of a Globe , as if they had been made by the Turners hand . In which ( if you break them ) are found stony Serpents , enwrapped round like a wreath , but most of them headlesse . ( 7 ) Matters for martiall note , are the Battailes fought at Battlebridge ( of which it takes the name ) where Harald King of England had a great Victory against the Danes , who with a fleet of two hundred saile , grievously annoyed the I le of Britaine : where Harald the King of Norway was slaine , and Harald of England , besides the Honour of the field , found a great masse of Gold. Also the Battaile , commonly called , the Battaile of Standard ; in which David King of Scots was put to flight , and the English made a great slaughter of his people . At Thruske , Roger Mowbray out of his strong Castle displayed his banner , and called the King of Scots to the overthrow of his own native Countrey , even at that time when King Henry the second had ( as it were ) rashly digd his own grave , by investing his sonne King in equall authority with himself . But his rebellion was , in the end , quenched with blood , and the Castle quite dismantled , so that beside a ditch and rampier , there is no signe or shew left of a Castle . ( 8 ) Places of Pietie erected in these parts , were the Abbey of Saint Hilda , built neere Dunesly . The faire and rich Abbey of Gisburgh , built about the yeer of our Salvation 1110. The Priory of Chanons founded at Kirkham . The Monastery neere unto Beverley , which Beda nameth Derwaud . The Monastery of Saint Michael by Hull . The two Abbies of Newborough and Biland . The abbey of Meaux , and another not farre from Cottingham , which the founder purposely built for the Monkes of the Cluniacke Order , that he might be released of the Vow he had made to visit Hierusalem : all of them resorted unto by continuall concourse of Pilgrims , to make their adorations in those dayes of Ignorance : but since the true God hath unmasked the errours of those times by the truth of his Word , the same places are worthily become the subjects of his just displeasure , for worshipping Images , and false tutelar Gods , instead of the true and everliving Saviour . ( 9 ) These parts and divisions of Yorkshire , consisting upon the North and East-ridings , containe twenty five Market-Townes for buying and selling , eleven Castles for strength and fortification , and 459. Parishes for Gods divine worship , under which be very many Chappels , for number of Inhabitants , equall to very great Parishes . ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Townes , Rivers , and memorable places mentioned in the North and East-Riding of York-Shire . North-Riding Hundreds . 1 Gillingwest wap . 2 Gillingeast wap . 3 Allerton Shire . 4 Langbargh . Lib. 5 Whitbystrand Li. 6 Pickering Wap . 7 Rydall Wapen . 8 Bulmar wapen . 6 Burdforth wapen . 10 Hallikeld wapen . 11 Hangeast wapen . 12 Hangwest wapen . East-Riding Hundreds . 1 Buccrosse Wapen . 2 Dickering Wapen . 3 Holdernes Wapen . 4 Ouse and Derwent Wapen . 5 Howd●us●er Wap . Harthil . W. Wilton Devi . Baynton Devi . Holm● Devi . Hunsley Devi . A Abbane Chappel , Di● Acklam , Lan. Acklam , Buc. Aglethorp , Hangw . Anderby aniers , Hangeast . Anderby Whe●●how Hal. Aismby , Hall● . Aiskew , Hangeast . Aiskugge , Hangwest . Atton , Dic. Aldbrough , Hangeas● . Aldby , Buc. Aldwarke , Bulm . Allerthorpe , Halli. Allerthorpe Wilt. Alleston , Pick. ALLERTON North , Al. Alune , Bulme . Anderby Steeple , Gillinge . Amotherby , Rydal . Ampleforth , Burdf . Ampleforth , Rydal . Ape●side , Hangwest . Applegarth , For●eit . Gillw . Applegarth , Man●k . Gillw . Appleton , Rydal . Appleton , Rydal . Appleton , Lan. Appleton East , Hange Appleton West , Hangeast A●den , Burdf . A●denside , Burdf . A●ke flu . Arkengarth Dade , Gillw . Arncliff , Burdf . Arngill , Gillingwest . Armantwhaite , Lan. Auran , H●ld . Arsham , Lan. Aske , Gillingwest . Asselby , Howd . Atwick , H●ld . Auderby , Hangeast . Auderby , Hangeast . Aughton , H●lm . Auldburge , Gillingw . Aumoad Park , Burdf . Awlb●ough , Hold. Awthorne , Hangwest . Ayska●th , Hangwest . Ayslaby , Pick. Aysleybye , Lan. Ayton grea● , Lan. Ayton little , Lan. B Babthorpe , Derwent . Bagby , Burdf . Baldesby , Halli. Baindridge , Hangw . Ban●y flu . Barden ▪ Hangwest . Barforth , Gillingw . Barhouse , Huns. Ba●leby , Derwent . Barmby , Howd . Barmeston , Hold. Barmingham , Gillinw Barnabre , Lan. Barnloye , Wilt. Barnsdale Chap. Rid. Barton , Hal●i . Barton , Bulm . Barton , Gillingeast . Barton in the street . Ryd . Barton upon Yor. Hange . Barthorpe , Bucc . Barwick , Lan. Basbie , Lan. Battersbie , Lan. Bauder , flu . Bauder Dale , Gilling . Balderskarth Hill , Gillinwest . Bargh little , Rydal . Bargh great , Rydal . Bayesdale , Lan. Baiton , Baint . Bealhi , Holm . BEDALL , Hangeast Belbie , Howd . Bellathy , Hangwest . Bellasisse , Howd . Bently , H●●s . Bempton , Dic. Bemingbrough , B●l. Bemingham , Hold. Bery Chappel , Bucc . Bessomby , Dic. Bessewick , Baint . BEVERLEY , Huns. Bewdlam , Rydal . Bew●am , Hold. Biland old , Burdf . Biland Abbey , Burdf . Bilsdale , Rydal . Bilsealed , Burdf . Bilton , Hold. Bird●all , Buck. Birkbie , Aller . Birkdale , Hangw . Blackholm . Black●ost , Howd . Blayde● , Hangw . Blaker More , Whit. Blamby Parke , Pick. Bolton , Gillingwest . Bolton , Wilt. Bolton , Gillingwest . Barnell Howd . Booth , Howd . Bo●robie Burdf . Botrowbie , Aller . Botrowbie , Lan. Bossalt , Bulm . Boultbie , Burdf . Boulton East , Hangw . Boulton West , Hangw . Bourne , Ho●me . Bonwick , Hold. Bowes , Gillingwest . Boynton , Dic. Boythorpe , Dic. Bracken , Baynt. Brakenborgh , Burdf . Brackenholm , Derw . Bradley , Hangw . Brickhall , Hange . Bransdale , Rydal . B●●nesbutton , Hold. Brankingham , Huns. Branthingham , How. map of the North and East Riding of Yorkshire THE NORTH AND EAST RIDINS OF YORKSHIRE Bransby , Bulm●r . Bra●serton , ●ulm●r . Brawby , Rydall . Brawi●h , Aller . BRIDLINGTON , D Bridlington key , Dic. Brighton , Holm . Brigham , Dic. Brigwell , Gillingw . Briscoe , East , Gillinw ▪ Briscoe , west Gillinw . Brittinby , Gillingeast . Bromefleete , Huns. Brompton , Allerton . Brompton , Dic. Brompton , Pick. Bromptō upon Swayle Gillinwest . Brotton , L●ngh . Brough , Hold. Broughton , Rydal . Broughtō great , La● Br●xay , Whit. Bubwith , Holm . Buckton , Dic. B●dickepark , Lang. Bugthorpe , Bucc . Bulmer , Bulm . Burdforth , Burdf . Burdghall , hangeast . Bu●gh , Hu● . Burnby , Wilton . Burnby , Holm . Bu●nholne , Holm . Bu●nholm south , Hol Burmston , Halli. Burnton , Gillinge . Burrell , Hangeast . Bu●robe , Alle● . Button , Gillinge . Button , Hangw . Button , Hangeast . Button Agnes , Dic. Button Bishops , Hun Button Constable Hangwest Button Constabl Hol. Button Fleming , Dic. Button North , Dic. Button Piesly , Hold. Burstalgarth , Hold. Burstwick , Hold. Burstwick , Hold. Bu●bie , Langh . Bushopdale , Hangw . Buttercramb . Bul. Butterside , Hangw . Butterswick , Rydal . Butterwick , Dic. Byford , H●ld . Byland Abbey , Burd . By●●ington , Dic. C Camerton , Hold. Campe , Dic. Capilbroke , Hangw . Carlton , Hold. Carleton , Rydal . Carleton , Burdf . Carleton , Burdf . Carleton , Lang. Carleton , Hangw . Carnaby , Dic. Carpe●bit● , Hangw . Carthorpe , Halli. Castleton , Lang. Ca●●osse , Hold. Caton , Pick. Catte●ick , Hangeast . Cattewicket , Hangw . Catton , Wilton . Catton , Burdf . Catwick , Hold. Cave south , Huns. Cave south , Huns. Cavet-house , Hangw . Cavil , Howd . Cauth●rne , Pick. Cauthorpe , Halli. Cauton , Rydal . Cawbu●gh , Hangw . Cawdwell , Gillingw . Cawton , Rydal . Caythorpe , Di● . Caynham , Hold. Cherrie button , Hun. Claxton , Bul. Cleasbie , Gillingw . Cleveland , Lang●argh . Cliffe , Gillingw . Cliffe , Der●ont . Cliffe north , Huns. Cliffe south , Huns. Clifton , Hangeast . Clouton , Pick. Clowbeck , Gillinge . Clifton , ●ul . Codbeck flu . Codbeck flu . Coldon , Hold. Collingham , Huns. Colton , Rydal . Coltow flu . Co●isthorpe , Bul. Conystone , Hold. Coolam , Buc. Coram , Han●west . Cornebrough , B●l. Corcliffe , Aller . Cotham , Bucc . Cotham east , Lang. Cotham west , Lang. Co●ehouse , Pick. Cothenstone , G●ll●w . Cotnes , Howd . Cottingham , Huns. Cotinwith , Derwont . Cottingwith , East ▪ H●lme . Cotton ▪ Di● . Couckwold , Burdf . Coverham , Hangw . Coverwood , Hangw . Coulsbie , Burdf . Coudney flu . Coundall Halli. Cowborn● , Hangeast . Cowlby , Langli . Cow●by , Hangeast . Cow●ing , Hangeast . Cowton East , Gill● . Cowton North , Gil. ● . Cowton South , Gil●● . Crag● , Gillingw . Craike Castle , Bul. Crakall , Hangeast . Crakeall , Burd . Crakpot , Hangwest . Crambnie , Bul. Crawthorn , Lang● . Croome , Bucc . Cropton , Pick. Croftbridge , Gillinge Crowmond Abby , L● Cudderston , Gillingw Cundall , Halli. Cunsby , Lang● . D Dailetown , Burd . Dalton , Burd . Dalton● , Gillingw . Dalton north , Bay● . Dalton south , Hu●s . Daltō upō rease , gilw Danby , Hangw . Danby , Lang● . Danby Pa●k , Langh . Danby upon wi●ke , Gillin East . Danthorpe , Hold. Dawby , Bul. Dawton , Gillingeast . Dope Dale , Gillingw . Derwent flu . Dighton , All●r . Dighton , D●rwent . Dinsde●● , All●r . Disserth , Halli. Donnington , Derw . Dow flu . Drewton , Hu●s . Dri●feild great , Bayn . Dri●●eild little , Bayn . Dringod , Hold. Dromanby , Lang● . Dripo●●e , Hold. Duffeild north , Derw . Duffeild south , Derw . Duggleby , Bucc . Dunholme , Hangw . Dunnington , Hold. Dunsley over , Aller . Dunsloe , Whisby . E Easbie , Gillingwest . Easebie , Langb. Eastborn , Baynton . Easington , Hold. Easington , Langb. Easingwould , B●● . Eastnewton , Hold. Eastnes West , Rydal . Easton , Dic. Eastrington , Howd . Eastrope , Holm . Eaton , Wilton . Ebberstone , Pick. Eckerbie , Hangeast . Eddlethorpe , Bucc . Edstone , Rydal . Egleton , Gillingwest . Egton , Langb. Elemere , Burd . Ellarton , Hangwest . Ellerbeck , Aller . Ellerborne , Pick. Ellerbie , Hold. Ellerbye , Langb. Ellerker , Howd . Ellerton , Gillinge . Ellerton , Hangeast . Ellerton , Holm . Ellington , Hangeast . Ellingstring , Hange . Elloughton , Huns. Elsternwicke , Hold. Elton , Huns. Elvington , Derwent . Emmotland , Hold. Emswell , Baynton . Epelby , Gillingw . Er●holme , Gillinge . Ereswick , Bul. E●k , Hold. Eskdaleside , Whit. Eskridge , Derwent . Estone , Dic. Eston ▪ Langb. Etherdwick , Hold. Evelot , Hangw . Eventon , Pick. Evetingham , Holm . Eve●ly , W●it . Everthorpe , Huns. Exilbie , Halli. F Faceby , Langb. Fanckfosse , Wilton . Farlington , ●ul . Fa●manby , Pick. Farl●ngton , Bul. Farmanby , Pick. Farndale , Rydal . Fawdington , Burd . Fax●●e●te , Huns. Fearby , Hangeast . Feildham , Gillingw . Felixkirke , Burd . Fencottes , Hangeast . Feriby , Huns. Filingdales , Whit. Finber , Bucc . Fingall , Hangw . Finghall , Hangeast . Firby , Hangeast . Firby , Bucc . Fitling , Hold. Fladme●e , Rydal . Flamborough head , Dic. Flawith , Bul. Flaxfleete , Howd . Flaxton , Bul. Flaxton little , Bul. Flaymbrough , Dic. Fletcham , Hangeast . Flinton , Hold. F●ixton , Dic. Flottenby , Dic. Fogathorpe , Holm . Fordon , Dic. Forset , Gillingw . Fosham , Hold. Fosse flu . Fosse flu . Foston , Dic. Fosse , Bul. Foulebridge , Pick. Foule sutton , Derw . Fowlkton , Dic. Foxholes , Dic. Foxton , Aller . Fraythorpe , Dic. Frantenby , Pick. Freburgh hills , Lang. Fremington , Gilling● Freswick , Bul. Fridethorpe , Bucc . Fryton , Rydal . Fr●oppe hill , Rydal . Frodingham , Hold. Frodingham North , holdernes . Fulsi●th , gate , Derw . Fu●fu●th water , Derw . Fulsutton , Wilton . Futgarth , ●old . Fy●ey , Dic. Fyling hall , Wilt. Fysholm , Dic. G Gaintidby , Halli. Gales , Gillingw . Gauthorpe , Bul. Ganstead , hold . Ganton , Dic. Gariston , Hangw . Gartham , huns . Garton , hold . Garton , Dic. Gate hamsley , Bul. Gaut●es so●rest , Bul. Gembling , Dic. Gervis Abbey , hangw . Gilbe●dich , how . Gi●lamere , Rydal . Gilling , Gillingw . Gilling Castle , Rydal Gilmanby , Gillingw . Gi●lington , Gillingw . Girsbie , Aller . GISBROVGH , Lang G●aresdale Chappel , Langb Golton , Lang. Goodale house , hold . Goodmanham , holm . Gomerset , hangw . Gotelard , Pick. Govidale great , wilt . Goulesby , Burd . Gowethorpe , wilton . Goxhell , hold . Grang , Bul. Gransmere , Dic. Grastwith , Burd . Graton , Baynton . Greenhowe , Langb. Greta flu . Greatabridge , Gillw Grubthorpe , holm . Grimstone , Derwent . Grimestone , hold . Grimstone north , buc Grinton , Hangwest . Gristroope , Pic. Grownond Ab , Lang Gryndall , Dic. Gunby , holm . H Habton great , Rydal . Habton little , Rydal . Hackforth , hangeast . Hacknes , Wilt. Hallykell , Aller . Hallhaf ▪ hold . Handal Abbey , Lang. Hanxwel east , hangw . Hanwel west , hangw . Happeswel , hangw . Harcaside , Hangw . Hardraw , Hangw . Harford flu . Harlesay east , Burd . Harlesay west , Aller Harlethorpe , holm . Harneby , hang. Haron , Rydell . Harpham , Dic. Harsewel , Holm . Hart●ord , Gilling . Harton , Bul. Haward dale , Whit. Hartw●od dale flu . Hatefeild , hold . Hatfeild little , hold . Haton , Bulm . Haton , Holm . Haulgat , Gillingw . Hawnaby , Gilling . Hawneby , Burd . Habie , Bul. Haystroppe , Dic. HEADON , hold . Headey parke , hange Healy , Hangeast . Healy , Hangwest . Heaton , Aller . Helb●cke lands , Hangwest HELMELEY . Helmsley nether , Bul. Helmsley over , Bul. Helperby , bul . Helperby , Burds . Helperthorpe , Buc. Helw●th , Gillingwest . Hemsley gate , Bul. Hemlington , Lang. Hemmingburgh , Der. Hemsley , Rydal . Hermitage , Huns. Heslington , Derwent . Hessel , huns . Hesselskugh ash , hun . Hestetton cast , Buc. Hestetton west , Buc. Hewby , Bul. Hewicke , Halli. Hewton , Bul. Hewworth , bul . Hilderskil Castle , Bul. Hilton , Lang. Hiltour , Bul Hilton , hangeast . Hilston , hold . Hinderthwarts , Gillw . Hintington , 〈◊〉 . Hinton , Bayn . Hipswel , hange . Hodgebeeke flu . Holgate flu . Holgrave , Aller . Hollam , Hold. Holme , Aller . Holme , Rydal . Holme in Spaldingmore , hol . Holme upon Would , Bayn . Hollomill Crosse , Hangw Holtby , Hangeast . Holtby , Bul. Holwich , Gillingw . Holwich crag , Gillingw . Hompton , Hold. Hope , Gilling . Hophouse , Hangw . Hornebie , Aller . Hornby , Hange . Hornsey , Hold. Hornsey becke , hold . Hornsey button , hold . Hornsey more , hold . Ho●se-house , hangw . Ho●ket , Whit. Housegarth , Whit. HOVINGHAM , Ryd HOWDEN , Hold. Howdenprice , huns . Howe , Halli. Howe , Rydal . Howsham , Buc. Hudeswel , Hang. Hugget , Wilt. HVLL , Huns. Hull , flu . Humber flu . Humbe●ton , Halli. Humblet●● , Hold. Hummanby , Dic. Hunsley house , huns . Hunton , Hangw . Hurry , Gillingw . Husthtwate , Burd . Hutham , Huns. Huton , Rydal . Huton , Gillingw . Hutton , Langb. Huton , ●alli . Huton , Bul. Huton buuel , Aller . Huton bushel , Pick. Huton conyers , Aller Huttō●cranwick , B●●n Hutton nulgrave , La Hutton Sand , Burdf . Hylderthorpe , Dic. Hynderwell , Lang. Hyndeskell , Bul. I Ilkton , Hangeast . Ingleby , Lang. Ingleby arneclisse , Lan. Ingleby green how , Lan. Inggs north , Bul. S. Iohns , Gillingw . S. Iohns mount , Burd . Ipsal Castle , Burd . K Kearton , Hangwest . Kedler , Lang. Kee●by , Burd . Keldum , Rydal . Kele Chappel , hangw . Kelfeild , Derwent . Kelings , Hold. Kelek , Hold. Kelke , Dic. Kelton , Gillingw . Kenethorpe , Buc. Keingham , Hold. Kepwicke , Burdf . Keir●ingham , Buc. Ke●by , Derwent . Kildale , Lang. Killenwick , Bayn . Kille●by , hangeast . Kilborne , Burd . Killingwold , huns . Kilnsey , Hold. Kilvingtō north , all●● Kilvingtō north , Bu● Kilvingtō south , Bu● . Kilton , La●g . Ki●wicke , Wilton . Kinthorpe , Pick. Kiplin , Gillinge . Kirby , Langb. Kirby knole , Burdf . Kirkby , Halli. Ki keburne , Bayn . Kirkbe , vnder dale , Buc. Kirkby flethā , hange . Kirkby grindlich , buc Kirby on the hil , Gillingw Kirby masperton ▪ Rydal . KI●KBY mo●side , 〈◊〉 Kirkby upon the mount , Gill. w Kirkby overker , Pick Kirkby wick , Gillinge Kirkdale , Rydal . Kirkelley , Huns. Kirkham , Buc. Kirkleadholme , Lang Ki●kleaventon , Lang Kirklington , halli . Knedlington , howd. Knapton , Buc. Knaton , Aller . KYLHAM , Dic. L Laiborne , Hangwest . La●ki●ke , Gillingw . Laiton , Buc. Landhouse , Pick. Landmoth , Aller . Langthorpe , hangeast Lanton , Buc. Langton great , Gillw Langton little , Gillw . Langtost , Dic. Lartington , Gillingw . Lasenby , Lang. Latholm , Holm . Laton east , Gilling ▪ w Laton west , gilling . w Latton east , Buc. Latton west , buc . Laxton , Howd . Leaueming , Buc. Le●usham , Pick. Lebbeston , Pick. Le●kby , Halli. Leeming , halli . Leeming little , ●ange Lekenfeild , Bayn . Lelly , Hold. Leppington , Buc. Lestingham , Rydal . Leven , Hold. Leventhorpe , Lang. Leverton , Langb. Lilling , Bul. Lisset , Hold. Litham , Huns. Lockenby , Lang. Lockenton , Bayn . Lockton , Pick. L●ng , Gillingw . Longdale end , Whit. Longthorpe , Halli. Losthouse , Lang. Lostsome , Holm . Lovingthorne , Halli. Longrouston , hold . Lownsbrough , holm . Lowthorpe , Dic. Lund . Derwent . Lu●den , Bayn . Lune flu Lune Forrest , Gill. w. Lunton , Gillingw . Lynton , Bulm . Lynthorpe , Lan. Lythe , Lan. M Maidthorpe , Buc. Masham , Hangeast . Maltby , Langb. MALTON , Ryd . Malton old , Rydal . Manfeild , Gilling . Maunby upon Wharle , Gil. e. Mapleton , Hold. Mappleton , hold . Ma●fleet , hold . Ma●ish , Pick. Marrick , Gillingw . S. Martins , hange . Ma●ton , Dic. Marton , Pick. Marton Abbey , Bul. Ma●ton , Holm . Marton , H●ld . Marton , Lan. Ma●wich , Gillingw . S. Mary gate , Bul. Mar●k flu Marsk , G●llingw . MASHAM , hange . Maske , D●n . Melborne , Holm . Melme●by , Halli. Melme●by , Hangw . Meltenby , Wilton . Melton , h●ns . Melton , howd. Mesonby , Gillingw . Menthorpe , Derwent . Menx , Hold. Merfleet , hold . Metham , howd. Micl●by , Lan. Mickleton , Gillingw . MIDDLEHAM , hangw . Middlesbrough , Lan. Middleton , halli . Middleton , Pick. Middleton , Lan. Middleton , Baynt. Middleton tras , Gil. e. Middleton whernhow , halli . Milby , Halli. Millington , Wilton . Milnthouse , Wilton . Montgrace Abby , Bu● . Mereby , Derwent . Merehouse , Hold. Meresham , Lan. Morton , hangeast . Morton , hangw . Morton , Bul. Morton , Bulm . Morton upon Swaile , Gil. ● . Morvil hill , Hangw . Moudthorpe , Bul. Moulton , Gillingeast . Moulgrave castle , La. Mowthorpe , Buc. Moxbie , Bul. Mu●ker , hangw . Muscots , Rydal . Muston , Dick. Myton , Bul. N Naburne , Derw . Naby , Gill. w. Naste●ton , Dic. Napper , hangw . Nesse , Rydal . Nesswicke , Baynt. Nesterseld , hange . Newbiggen , hangw . Newbiggen , Burdf . Newbiggen hall , Lan Newbiggen hall , Lan Newbold , huns . Newburgh , Burdf . Newburgh , Burdf . Newby , halli . Newby , Lan. Newby , Pick. Newby upon w●ke , Gill. e. New For●est , Gill. w New Parke , hangeast . Newholme , Whit. Newland , howd. Newsam , Gillingw . Newsam , Burd . Newsam , holm . Newsam , Dick. Newsom , Rydal . Newton , Buck. Newton , Halli. Newton , Hold. Newton , Lan. Newton , Pick. Newton , hange . Newton , Rydal . Newton upon Derwent , Wilt. Newton Ma●il , Gill e. Newtō Mulgrave , La Newtō upon Ouse , Bu. S. Nicholas , Bul. Normanby , Rydal . Normanby , Whit. Normanby , Lan. Norton , Hangw . Norton , Buc. Norton , Halli. Norton coniers , aller . Nunbane holme , wilt . Nunhouse , Aller . Nunckling , hold . Nunnington , Rydal . Nunthorpe , Lan. O Ossenton , Bul. Olewarke , Bul. Ollerstone Castle , Pic Ormesbie , Lan. Osberwicke , Bul. Osgo●by , Derwent . Osgoodby , Pick. Osmotherlay , Aller . Oswoldchu●ch , Ryd . Ottingham , hold . Otterington North , Aller . Otterington south , Bu Otteringtō south , Al Overton , Bul. Ovington , Gillingw . Ou●am , hold . Ouse flu Owter Newton , hold . Owston , Burd . Owstwicke , hold . Ow●horne , hold . Oxton , Dick. Oxton grange , Dic. P Pate●icke b●umpton , hange . Pattrington , h●ld . Pau●holme , hold . Pawle , hold . Pawleholme , hold . Penhill bacon , hangw . Petersole , Ryd . P●●kall , halli . PICKERING , Pick. Pickering forrest , Pic Pickering lithe , Pic. Pickton , Lan. Pinchingthorpe , Lan. Plewland , hold . POCKLINGTON , Pock●●y , Ryd . Portingtong , howd. Pottoe , Lan. Potters , brinton , Dic. Preston , hold . Priston , hangwest . R Rainton , Halli. Rasdale Abbey , Ryd . Raskill , Bul. Raswicke , hangeast . Rastorpe , Buc. Ratsey , Baynt. Ravensworth Castle , Gil. w Redker , Lan. Ra●th , Gillingw . Rial● , hold . Ri●call , Derwent . Rical , flu . RICHMOND , Gil. w Ridale flu . Ridmer , hangw . Rillington , Buc. Rimswel , hold . Ringbrough , hold . Ris●●o , Huns. Risingarth , hold . Riston , hold . Rive Abbey , Burd . Robinhoods bay , Wh● Rockcliffe , Bul. Rockby , Gillingw . Romanby , Aller . Rockeby , Gillingw . Rockwith , hangeast . Rossall , Bulm . Rosse , hold . Rowley , Huns. Rowlston , hold . Ro●sbie , Lan. Rowthe , hold . Rowton A●nould , hold . Roxby , Pick. Roxby , halli . Rudby , Lan. Rudlam , Rydal . Rudston , Dick. Rumboldki●ke , Gil. w Runckton east , Lan Runckton west , Alle● . Runswick , Lan. Ruston , Pick. Ruston , Dic. Ruswarpe , Whit. Rydale , Rydal . Ryd flu . Ryghton , Dic. Ryse , hold . Ryton , Rydal . S Saltmarsh , Howd . Salton , Rydal . Sanc●on , huns . Sandbeck , hangw . Sandhutton , Bul. Sandholme , howd. Sandington , Burd . Sandysord , Lan. Sandysord , Lan. Sattons , hangw . Sawden , Pick. Saxay , Lan. Seamer , Pick. Seamer flu . Seamer beacon , Pick. Seassey , Aller . Seaton , hold . Seaton , holme . Selbury , Gillingeast . Settrington , Buc. Seven flu . Sewerby , Dick. Seakleton , Bul. Seagglethorpe , Buc. Scalby , Howd . Scalby , Pick. SCARBROVGH , pic Scereby , Derwent . Scerbrough , Baynt. Scerton , Gillingeast . Scotton , hangeast . Sculcots , Huns. Scutterskel●e , Lan. Scraston West , hangw Scranton , hangeast . Sherburn , Buc. Sherifhutton , Bul. Shipsey , hold . Shipton , Holme . Shipton , Bul. Sigglethorpe , hold . Sigston , Aller . Sigston Castle , Aller Silphoe , Whit. Silton over . Silton nether . Silton pannell , Burd Sinde●by , halli . Sinington , Pick. Skaling , Lan. Skargil , Gillingw . Skawton , Rydal . Skearne , Baynt. Skeckling , hold . Skeeby , Gillingw . Skef●ling , hold . Skelder●kew , Lan. Skelfleet flu . Skelton , howd. Skelton , halli . Skelton , Bul. Skelton , Gillingw . Skelton , Lan. Skemmingrane , Lan. Skensbie , Bul. Skiplam , Rydal . Skipw●th , Derwent . Skipsey , Hold. Skipton , Burd . Skitingham , Buc. Ski●laugh North , Hold. Skirley , hold . Skirpenbeck , buc . Skirsby , huns . Skonestone , buc . Skorton , Gillingeast . Skouter , huns . Skedmer , buc . S●●r●bie , Rydal . Smeaton great , Gill. e. Smeaton little , Gill. e. Sneaton , Whit. Snape , hangeast . Sne●enthorpe , Whit. Snylesworth , Burd . Southburne , Baynt. Sowerby , Aller . Sowerby , Burd . Spaddington , holm . Spawnton , Ryd . Spawnton , Ryd . Spennithorne , hangw . Speton , Dic. Spittles , Dic. Spittle upon stranmere , Gill. w. Sprotely , hold . Sproxton , Ryd . Spurnehead , hold . Stamford bridge , Der. Stamforth briggs , Wil Stainham , Bul. Stainston , Buc. Stainton dale , Pic. Stancke , Aller . Stansher , Whit. Stanwick , Gillingw . Stanyhow , Gillinge . Stappleton , Gillinge . Stayne●bie , Lan. Staynegrave , Ryd . Staynton , Lan. Staynton , hangw . Stathes , Lan. Staxton , Dick. Steasbie , Bu● . Steresbie , bul . Stillingfleet , Derw . Stillington , Bul. Stituham , bul . Stockton , bul . STOKESLEY , Dan. Stonedale , hangw . Stone Ferry , hol . Stratford , Gillingw . Stratford , gillingw . Strensall , Bul. Strothwad , holm . Subter , Aller . Sudcots , hold . Susseild , Whit. Sunderlandwick , bayn Sutton , hangeast . Su●ton , Halli. Sutton , hold . Sutton , buc . Sutton , buc . Sutton upon Derwent , Wilt. Sutton in the Forrest , Bul. Sutton under Whitston cli●le , Bur. Swanbie , Lan. Swainbie , halli . Sw●dale forrest , hanw Swade flu . Sw●ton , Pic. Swinton , Rydal . Swinton , hangeast . Swine , hold . T Tarfeild east , halli . T●nfeild west , halli . S. Teasell , Bul. Trees flu . Terrington , bul . T●hthorpe , Baynt. Ti kham , bul . Theaxton , halli . Thimblebie , Aller . Thintoste , Gillinge . Thirkleby , Burdf . Thirlebie , burdf. Thirklebie , burdf. Thirlesbie , burdf. This●idale , buc . Thilthorpe , bul . Tho●naby , Lan. Thorganby , Derwent . Tho●kleby , hold . Thormanby , bul . Thornalby , hangw . Thornburgh , burdf. Thornbergh , hange . Thornholm , Dic. Thorne , hange . Thorne , hold . Thornegunbold , hold . Thornethorpe , buc . Thorneton , Lan. Thorneton , Pick. Thornton , Pick. Thornton , Wilton . Thornton , bul . Thornton , burd . Thornton , hangeast . Thornton in the leaves , Aller Thornton in the more , burd . Thornton ru●● , hanw . Thornton steward , h●nw . Thornton in the street , Aller . Thorpe , hold . Thorpe , holm . Thorpe , howd. Thorpe , huns . Thorpe , Gillingw . Thorpe , Dic. Thorpe , hangw . Thorpe basset , buc . Thorpe row , Aller . Thoroby , hangw . Thorpp●●om , hange . Thaprow , hangeast . Throstenby , Pick. THRVSK , burdf. Thur●bie , hangwest . Thwate , Hangwest . Thywynge , Dick. To●●●te● , Lan. Tole●bie , Lan. Tollerton , bul . Topclisse , burd . Toppy hill , Lan. Toul●ho●pe , buc . The Towre , Dic. Tranbie , huns . Tunstall , hold . Tunstell , hangeast . Turnton bridge , Hal. V V●kerby , Gillingeast Verby , Lan. Vggelbarnby , Whit. Vgthorpe , Lan. V●●on , Howd . Vlston , Burdf . Vpsall , burd . Vplethun , Lan. Vpstane , halli . Vpton , hold . W Wabu●●h●ll , Hangw . Waghe● , hold . Walwith , hangw . Walborne , hangw . Waldby , huns . Walden , hangw . Walgrave , Pick. Wolkenton Provost , Huns. Walkinton , howd. Walton , Baynt. Wanlas , hangwest . Wanford , Dic. Wapley , Lan. Waplinton , Wilton . Watlobie , Gillinge . Warthell , bul . Warter , baynt . Warton , Wilton . Wasland , hold . Wath , halli . Watlas , hangeast . Watles , hangeast . Waxham , hold . Weaverthorpe , hold . Weickliffe , Gillingw . Well , hangeast . Welborne , Ryd . Welborne , bulm. Welburne , burd . Welham , buc . Welton , Howd . Welton , hold . Welton , huns . Welwicke , hold . Wensedale , hangwest . Wenslay , hangw . Westerdale , Lan. We●●ow , buc . Westwarige , buc . Wherleton Castle , Lan. Wharram in the street , Buc. Whayston , Gillingw . Wheldrake , Derw . Whenby , bul . Whiteside , hangw . WHIT●Y , Whit. Whitwel , Gillingeast . Whitwel , bul . Whereleton , Lan. Wickham , Ryd . Wickham , Pick. Wickham Abbey , pic . Wigginthorpe , bul . Wigginton , bul . WIGHTON , Holm Wilbefosse , Wilton . Willerby , Dick. Willerby , huns . Willitost , holm . Willowbe●ke flu . Wilsted , hold . Wilsted hall , hold . Wilsthorpe , dic . Wilton , Pick. Wilton , Lan. Wilton Castle , Lan. Wilton Bishops , W●l . Wintering , hangw . Winton , Aller . Wintringham , buc . Witton east , hangw . Witton west , hangw . Wiske flu . VVoldnewton , Dic. VVoodal , hangw . VVoodhal , Derw . VVoodhal park , hanw VVomental , Rydal . VVansforth , baynt . VVasall , Aller . VVasall , Lan. VVrelton , Pic. VVressall , holm . VVulferton , huns . VVynestead , hold . VVythernwick , hold . VVythernsey , hold . VVyton , hold . Y Yafford , Gillingw . Yapham , Wilton . YARVM , Lan. Ye●eley , Pic. Yeareslay , burd . Yeastorpe , Rydal . Yeddingham , buc . Yeneiudale , Wilton . Yonckslee●e , howd. YORKE , bul . Yorkes wade , Wilton Youlthorph , Wilt. Youre flu . Yowton , bul . Yrton , Pick. The Bishopricke of DVRHAM . THe Bishoprick of Durham containeth those parts and Town ships that lye betwixt the River Tees and Derwent , and all along the Germane-Seas . It is neighboured on the North with Northumberland , and their Jurisdictions , parted by the River Derwent : her West is touched by Cumberland , Westmorland , and from Staine-more divided by the River Tees , and by the same water on her South , from Yorkshire even unto the Sea ; and the East is altogether coasted by the Germane-Seas . ( 2 ) The forme thereof is triangle , and sides not much differing ; for from her South-East , unto the West-point , are about thirty miles ; from thence to her North-East and Tyne-mouth , are likewise as many , and her base along the Sea shore are twenty three ; the whole in circumference , about one hundred and three miles . ( 3 ) The Ayre is sharpe and very piercing , and would be more , were it not that the vapours from the German-Seas did helpe much to dissolve her ice and snow : and the store of Coales therein growing and gotten , doe warme the body , and keepe backe the cold , which fuell , besides their owne use , doth yeeld great commodities unto this Province , by trade thereof into other parts . ( 4 ) For soile , it consisteth much alike of pastures , arable , and barren grounds : the East is the richest and most champion , the South more moorish , but well inhabited ; her West all rockie , without either grasse or graine , notwithstanding recompenceth her possessors with as great gaine , both in rearing up cattle , and bringing forth coale , whereof all this Country is plentifully stored , and groweth so neere to the upper face of the earth , that in the trod wayes the cart-wheeles do turne up the same . Some hold their substance to bee a clammy kinde of clay hardned with heat abounding in the earth , and so becoming concocted , is nothing else but Bitumen ; for proofe wherof , these Coales have both the like smell and operation of Bitumen : for being sprinckled with water , they burne more vehemently , but with Oyle are quite extinguished and put out . ( 5 ) The ancient Inhabitants knowne unto Ptolemie , were the Brigantes , of whom we have spoken in the Generall of Yorkshire , they being subdued by the Romans , after whom the Saxons made it a part of their Northumberlands Kingdome ; at first a Province belonging to the Deirians , and enjoyed by Ella their first King ; afterwards invaded by the Danes , and lastly possessed by the Normans : whose site being so neer unto Scotland , hath many times felt their fury , and hath bin as buckler betwixt them and the English ; for which cause , the Inhabitants have certaine freedomes , and are not charged with service as other Counties are , so that this with Westmorland , Cumberland , and Northumberland , are not divided into Hundreds in those Parliament Rolles whence I had the rest : which want I must leave for others to supply . ( 6 ) Over this County , the Bishops thereof have had the Royalties of Princes , and the Inhabitants have pleaded priviledge not to passe in service of warre over the River of Tees or Tyne ; whose charge ( as they have alledged ) was to keepe and defend the corps of S. Cuthbert their great adored Saint , and therefore they termed themselves , The holy-worke-folkes . And the repute of this Cuthbert and his supposed defence against the Scots was such , that our English Kings in great devotion have gone in pilgrimage to visite his Tombe , and have given many large possessions to his Church : such were King Egfrid Aelfred , and Guthrun the Danc , Edward , and Athelstan Monarch of England , and zealous Canute , the greatest of all who came thither bare footed and at Cuthberts Tombe both augmented and confirmed their Liberties . This Saint then , of nothing made Durham become great , and William the Conquerour , of a Bishoprick made it a County Palatine : at that time William Careleph , Bishop of the Diocesse , pulled down the old Church which Aldwin had built , and with sumptuous cost laid the foundations of a new , wherein S. Cuthberts Shrine in the vacancie of the Bishops , was the keeper of the Castle-keyes . In the West of this Church , and place called Gallile , the Marble Tombe of venerable Beda remaineth , who was borne at Iarro in this County , and became a Monk at Weremouth , whose painfull industries and light of learning in those times of darkenesse are wonderfull , as the Volumes which he wrote do well declare . And had the idle Monkes of England imployed their times after his example , their founders expectations had not been frustrate , nor those foundations so easily overturned . But the revenge of sin ever following the actions of sinnes , dissolved first the largenesses of this Counties liberties , under the raigne of King Edward the first , and since hath shaken to pieces those places herein erected , under the raigne of King Henry the eight : such were Durham , Sherborne , Stayndrop , Iarro , Weremouth , and Egleton , all which felt the reward of their idlenesse , and wrath of him that is jealous of his owne honour . ( 7 ) Things of rare note observed in this Shire , are three Pits of a wonderfull depth , commonly called the Hell-Kettles , which are adjoyning neer unto Darlington , whose waters are somewhat warm . These are thought to come of an Earth-quake , which happened in the yeer of grace 1179. whereof the Chronicle of Tyn-mouth maketh mention , whose record is this : On Christmas day , at Oxenhall in the Territory of Darlington , within the Bishopricke of Durham , the ground heaved up aloft , like unto a high Tower , & so continued all that day , as it were unmoveable , untill the evening ; and then fell with so horrible a no●se , that it made all the neighbour dwellers sure afraide : and the earth swallowed it up , and made in the same place a deep pit , which is there to be seene for a testimony unto this day . ( 8 ) Of no lesse admiration are certaine stones lying within the River Weere , at Butterbee neere Durham ; from whose sides at the Ebbe and low water in the Summer , issueth a certaine salt reddish water , which with the Sunne waxeth white , and growing into a thicke substance , becometh a necessary salt to the use of the by-dwellers . ( 9 ) And places of elder times had in account by the Romanes , were Benovium , now Binchester , and Condercum , Chester in the street , where their monies have beene digged up , and at Condercum so much , that Egelrik Bishop of Durham was therewith made exceedingly rich . This Country hath been strengthned with seven strong Castles , is yet traded with six Market Towns , and Gods divine honour in one hundred and eighteene Parish-Churches celebrated , whose names in the Table are further inserted . map of Durham ●●E BISHOPRICK AND CITIE OF DU●●AM ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes , Rivers , and memorable places mentioned in the Bishopricke of Durham . A TABLE of all the Townes in the Bishopricke of Durham . A Acle . Scole Acle . Aldomedg . Ashe . West Aukland . BISHOPS AVKLAND . S. Andrewes Aukland . B Balam . Barnetton . BARNARD CASTLE . Batterby . Beamond hill . Bedborne parke . Bedik . Bedik west . Beare yarke . Bellosyse . Benselside . Biarsgreene . Biarsgarthe . Biarside . Bichborne . Billingham . Binchester . Birtley . Bishops . Bishopton . Blackhall . Blakhall . Blackston . Blackwell . Blaydon . Bollyop . Bowdens . Bradbury . Bradley hall . Brad wood . Brafferton . Brandon East . Brandon West . Branspeth castle . Brantoste . Brearton . Brome . Buley grange . Thorp Bulmer . Burdon great . Burdon little . Burdon old . Burdop flu . Burnhall . Butterwick . C Cassop . Chapwell . Chester . Chilton great . Chilton little . Claxton . Cletlam . Cleydon . Cockerton . Cockfeild . Cokon . Coksey . Coteham . Cotham . Cowpigh hell . Cowpon . Cowside hall . Crawcrake . Croke-hall . Cromforthe . Croxdale . Cundon . Nether Cunsley . Over Cunsley . D Dawdon . DARLINGTON . Darwencote : Dauton . Denton . Derwen flu . Dowton . Nether Dunsley . DVRHAM . Durpit Chapell . E East yate . Ebchester . Castle Eden . Eden little . Edder-akers . Edmondbyers . Eggecliffe . Eggleton . Eldon . S. Ellins . Elmedon . Elstok . Elton . Elwick . Enewood West . Eppleton . Escombe . Esington . Eslabye . F Farnton hall . Fellin . Fery on the mount . Finkeley . Fishborne . Flaske . Follonsby . Ford. Foulforth . Foulthorp . Foxton . Frosterley . Fulwell . G Garmansway . Gatesend . Gaunlesse flu . Gaynford . Gibside . The Grange . Grayston . Greene croft . Gretham . Grindon . H Halam . Hamsterley . Harburhowse . Hardon . Hardwicke . Hardwicke . Harintons . Harpley hill . Harroton . Hartborne west . Harte . HARTLEPOOLE Harton . Haswell little . Haswell great . Haughton . Haughton . Hawthorp . Hebborne . Hedlam . Hedley . Hedworth . Heighington . Hesselton hall . Munke Hesselton . Cold Hesselton . Hett . Hetton in the hole . Hetton on the Mount. Heughewell . Nether Heworthe . Over Heworthe . Hilton . Hilton Castle . Hollinside . Holinside . Holme . Houghton . Hude flu . Hunsterworth . Hunwicke . Hurnworth . Hurworth . Huton . I Iarrow . Ingleton . S. Iohns Chapell . Iseton . The Isle . K Kellow . Kellop flu . Kepeyre . Ketton . Kibbleworth . Killarby . Kinchley . L Lamton . Lanchester . Landew . Langdon flu . Langley . Langley . Langley . Langton . Layton . Littleburne . Ludworth . Lumley Castle . Lumsley . M The Manour . Mansforth . Marwood parke . Marwood hagge . Mayland . Medumsley . Kirk Merington . Middleton . Middleton . Middleton Ero. Middleton George . Midlam . Milkborn flu . Mordon . Morehouse . Moresley . Mortons . Morton . Morton . Morton . Mugliswicke . Munkwermouth . Mylhouses . N Nesbed . Nettleworth . Newbigin . Newbigin . Newbigin . New-bottle . Newfeild . Newsham . Newtowne . Newton . Newton . Newton . Newton little . Newton long . Newton hanset . Norton . Nunstanton . Nysam . O Oldakers . Old Durham . Owston . Owton . P West Parke . East Parke . Pedumsak . Peloo . Pelton . Pencher . Persbridge . Piddington towne . Kirk Piddington . The Cole Pits . Plausworth . The old Pork . Preston . Preston . Premrose side . Q Quarinton . R Raby Castle . Ramside . Ravensworth . Ravensworth Castle . Rayntons . The Raw. Redhugh . Redmarsham . Redworth . Relley . Riop . Rowley . Ryton . S Satley Chapell . Seaton . Seaton . Sedgefeild . Segerston haught . Seham . Selabye . Shadford . Sheales . Shepley . Sherborne . Sherborne house . Sheroton . Shildraw . Shildon . Shillington . Shinkley . Shotton . Shotton . Shotton . Silkesworth . Skern flu . Skirmingham . Slingley . Snotterton . Sockborne . Sodburye . Somerhouse . Spen. Standley . Stanhope . Stanhope parke . Little Staynton , Great Staynton . STAYNDROP . Stirtwith . Stokley . Stokton . Stotfeld . Stranton . Stretlam . Sudick . Sunderland . Sunderland . Swalwoll . T Tanfeild . Teesdale . Thickley East . Thickley West . Thorp . Thornton . Thornley . Thornerlet . Throstous . Thruslington . Trimden . Tuddaye . Tunstall . Tursdale . V Vfferton . Vnthank . Vnthank . Vrpethe . Vsshaw . Vsworth great . Vsworth little . W Wackerfeild . Waldridge . Wardley . Washinton . Wascrop Burne . Wellop fla . Werdenlaw hill . Were flu . Weredall . Weremouth . Westgate . Wessoo . Westerton . Westwick . Wharleton . Wheatley hill . Whikham . Whitborne lezard . Whitchurch . Whithone . Whitton . Whitwell . Whitwell . Willington . Willynton . Windgate . Windleston . Windridge . Winston . Witton . Witton Castle . Woodcroft hall . Wulley . Wulsingham . Wulston . Wynyerd . Wytton . CHAPTER XLIII . WESTMORLAND , by some late Latine Writers is called Westmaria , and Westmorlandia , by some later Westmoria , and in our English Tongue Westmorland . It came to be thus named in our Language by the situation , which in every part is so plenteously full of Moores and high hils , reaching one to another , that Westmorland ( with us ) is nothing else but a Westerne Moorish Countrey . Having on the West and North-side Cumberland , on the South-part Lanca-sbire , on the East-side Yorke-shire , and the Bishopricke of Durham . ( 2 ) The length thereof extended from Burton in her South , to Kirkland on her North-part is thirtie miles : the broadest part from East to West , is from the River Eden to Dunbalrase-stones , containing 24. miles , the whole circumference about hundred and twelve miles . ( 3 ) The forme thereof is somewhat long and narrow : the Ayre sharpe and piercing , purging it selfe from the trouble of grosse foggy mists and vapours , by reason of which the people of this Province are not accquainted with strange diseases or imperfections of body , but live long , and are healthfull , and attaine to the number of many yeares . ( 4 ) The Soile for the most part of it , is but barren , and can hardly be brought to any fruitfulnes by the industry and painfull labour of the husbandman , being so full of infertile places , which the Northern Englishmen call Moores : yet the more Southerly part is not reported to be so sterile , but more fruitfull in the vallies , though contained in a narrow roome , betweene the River Lone , and Winander-mear , and it is all termed by one name . The Barony of Kendale or Candale , that is , the dale by Can , taking the name of the River Can that runnes through it . ( 5 ) The ancient Inhabitants of this Country were the Brigantes , mentioned in the severall Counties of Yorke , Lancaster , and Cumberland . ( 6 ) It is not commended either for plenty of corn or Cattle , being neither stored with arable grounds to bring forth the one , norpasturage to breed up the other : the principal profit that the people of this Province raise unto themselves , is by Cloathing . ( 7 ) The chiefest place of which is Kandale or Kendale , called also Kirkeby Kendale , standing on the bank of the river Can. This Towne is of great trade and resort , and for the diligent and industrious practice of making Cloath so excels the rest , that in regard thereof it carrieth a supereminent name above them , and hath great vent and traffick for her woollen Cloaths through all the parts of England . It challengeth not much glory for Antiquitie ; onely this it accounteth a great credit , that it hath dignified three Earles with the title thereof , as Iohn Duke of Bedford , whom Henry the fift ( being his brother ) advanced to that honour , Iohn Duke of Sommerset , and Iohn de Foix , whom King Henry the sixt preferred to that dignitie for his honourable and trustie services done in the French Warres . It is a place of very civill and orderly Government , the which is managed by an Alderman , chosen every yeare out of his twelve Brethren , who are all distinguished and notified from the rest by the wearing of Purple garments . The Alderman and his Senior Brother are alwayes Justices of Peace and Quorum . There are in it a Town-Clerke , a Recorder two Sergeants at Mace , and two Chamberlaines . By Mathematicall observation the site of this Towne is in the degree of Longitude 17.30 . scruples , from the first West point , and the Pole elevated in Latitude to the degree 55. and 15. minutes . ( 8 ) Places of memorable note for Antiquitie are Verterae , mentioned by Antonine the Emperour ; and Aballaba , which we contractly call Apelby . In the one the Northern English conspired against William the Conquerour in the beginning of the Norman government . In the other , the Aurelian Maures kept a station in the time of the Romanes , & their high street is yet apparantly to be seen by the ridges therof which lead by Apelby to a place called Brovonacum , mentioned in the Booke of Provinciall notices . The anticke pieces of Roman Coyne otherwhiles digged up hereabouts , and some inscriptions not long since found , shew of what continuance they have been : although Time , which devoureth all things , hath so fed upon their carkasses many ages together , as it hath almost consumed both houses and Inhabitants . For Apelby now is bare both of people and building , and were it not for the antiquitie that makes it the more estimable , in whose Castle the Assises are commonly kept , it would be little better in account then a Village . Verterae is long since decayed , and the name of it changed into Burgh : for it is cōmonly named Burgh under Stanemore . In which , it is said , a Romane Captain made his abode with a band of Directores , in the declining age of the Roman Empire . These two places William of Newborough calleth Princely Holds , and writeth that William King of Scots a little before he himselfe was taken prisoner at Alnewicke , surprized them on a suddain , but K. Iohn recovered them after , and liberally bestowed them upon Robert Vipont for his many worthy services . ( 9 ) There is mention made but of one religious house that hath bin in all this Country , and that was a little Monastery seated neere unto the River Loden built by Thomas the sonne of Gospatrick , the sonne of Orms : where there is a fountaine or spring that ebbes and flowes many times a day , and it is thought that some notable act of atchievement hath been performed there , for that there be huge stones in forme of Pyramides , some nine foote high , and fourteen foot thick , ranged for a mile in length directly in a row , and equally distant , which might seeme to have bin there purposely pitched in memory thereof : but what that Act was , is not now knowne , but quite worne out of remembrance by times injury . ( 10 ) Other matters worthy observation are onely these : that at Amboglana , now called Amble-side , neere the upper corner of Wimander-mear , there appeares at this day the ruines of an ancient Citie , which by the British Brickes , by Roman-money oftentimes found there , by High-wayes paved leading unto it , and other likelihoods , seemes to have beene a worke of the Romanes : The Fortresse therof so long fenced with a ditch and rampire , that it tooke up in length one hundred thirty two Ells , and in bredth eight . There are also neere Kendale in the River Can , two Catadupae or Waterfals , where the waters descend with such a forcible downefall , that it compels a mighty noise to be heard , which the neighbour Inhabitants make such use of , as they stand them in as good stead as Prognostications : for when that which standeth North from them soundeth more cleare , and with a louder eccho in their eares , they certainely looke for faire weather to follow : But when that on the South doth the like , they expect foggy mists and showres of raine . ( 11 ) This Province is traded with foure Market-Towns , fortified with the strength of seven Castles , and hath 26. Parishes in it for the celebration of Divine service . map of the county of Westmorland THE COUNTIE WESTMORLAND AND KENDALE THE CHEIF TOWNE DESCRIBED With the Armes of Such Nobles as have bene Earles of either of them . ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes , Rivers , and memorable places mentioned in Westmorland . A AMbleside . APPLEBY . Great Ashby . Little Ashby . Askham . B Banton . Barborne Chappell . Barnside . Barrow Flu. Barton . The Beacon . Below Flu. Betham . Blaterne . Bolton . Branton . Brederdale head . Brederdale foote . Brigsterparke . Brougham Castle . Buley Castle . Burberk Flu. Burgh Castle . Buriels . Burton . Burton . C Caber . Camswick Parke . Chappollan . Claperyate . Cleborn . Cliston . Colnhead Parke . Cottes flat . Coulby . Cowgarth . Crakenthorp . Croke . Crosby-Garret . Crosby-Ravensworth Croscrake . Crostermond . Crosthwaite . D Depedale . Dribek . Drivevers . Duston . E Eden Flu. F Farleton . Farleton . Fawsetwood . Firbanke . G Gilse . Glenkroden . Glenkwen Flu. Grarigge hall . Gresmere . H Harberwen . Hartshop hall . Hartley Castle . Hawse . Helbeck . Helstonlathe . Helton . Helton . Heltondale . Helvillon hill . Hoffe . Holimill Crosse. Howgill Castle . I The Inges . K Saint Katharins . Kellathe . KENDALL . Kendall Castle . Kentmere . Killington . KIRKBY Steven . KIRKBY Landall . Kirkby Thuet . Kirkland . Knock. Knothill . L Little Langdale . Great Langdale . Langdale . Langrig . Lanridge . Lanton . Levens Bridge . Lowther . Lune Flu. M Mallerstange . Mallerstange Forrest . Malmesborne . Markendale Chappell . Marton . Meborne . Methap . Middleton . Milborne . Milkinthorp . Morlan . Morton . Morton . Great Musgrave . Little Musgrave . Mylnthorp . N Naneworth . Nathy . Newbiggin . Newbiggin . Nine Churches . O Oddelden . Oddelden Parke . Little Ormeside . Great Ormeside . Orton . P Paterdale . Pendragon Castle . Preston Chappell . R Raisgill hall . Rasebeck . Rasgill . Ravinstangdale . Regill . Runthwate . S Seggeswick . Selfted hall . Shales . Shapp . Siserghe . Sleddale . Slegill . Sleelmere . Smardale . Soulby . Sowerby . Sput Flu. Striklands . Stainmore . Stanley . Stokbridge . Sunbiggin . T Templesowerby . Thornthwate . Thurnby . Trout Bek . Trout Bek . Tybay . V Vnderbarrow . W Warcop . Wastall head . Wastall foote . Watland . Warton hall . Whinfield . Whinfield hill . Whinfield Forrest . Wickerslack . Winderworth . Winton . Witherslak . Wynster Flu. Wynster Chappell . Wynander-mere . CVMBERLAND . CHAPTER XLIIII . CUMBERLAND , the farthest North-west Province in this Realme of ENGLAND , confronteth upon the South of Scotland , and is divided from that Kingdome partly by the River Kirsop , then crossing Eske , by a Tract thorow Solome-Mosse , untill it come to the Solwaye Frith , by Ptolemie called the Itune Baye . The North-west part is neighboured by Northumberland , more East-ward with Westmerland , the South with Lancashire , and the West is wholly washed with the Irish Sea. ( 2 ) The forme whereof is long and narrow , pointing wedge-like into the South , which part is altogether pestred with copped hils , and therefore hath the name of Cop-land . The middle is more levell , and better inhabited , yeelding sufficient for the sustenance of man : but the North is wilde and solitary , combred with hils , as Cop-land is . ( 3 ) The Ayre is piercing , and of a sharpe temperature , and would be more biting , were it not that those high hils breake off the Northerne stormes , and cold falling snowes . ( 4 ) Notwithstanding , rich is this Province , and with great varieties thereof is replenished : the hils , though rough , yet smile upon their beholders , spread with sheepe and cattle , the vallies stored with grasse and corne sufficient : the sea affordeth great store of fish , the land over-spread with varietie of fowles , and the rivers feed a kinde of Muskle that bringeth forth Pearle , where in the mouth of the Irt , as they lie gaping and sucking in dew , the Country people gather and sell to the Lapidaries , to their owne little , and the buyers great gaine . But the Mines Royall of Copper , whereof this Country yeeldeth much , is for use the richest of all : the place is at Keswick and Newland , where likewise the Black Lead is gotten , whose plentie maketh it of no great esteeme ; otherwise a commoditie that could hardly be missed . ( 5 ) The ancient Inhabitants knowne to the Romans , were the Brigantes , whom Ptolemie disperseth into Westmerland , Richmond , Durham , Yorke-shire , and Lancashire . But when the Saxons had over-borne the Britaines , and forced them out of the best , to seeke their resting amongst the vast Mountaines , these by them were entred into , where they held play with those enemies maugre their force , and from them , as Marianus doth witnesse , the Land was called Cumber , of those Kumri the Britaines . But when the State of the Saxons was sore shaken by the Danes , this Cumberland was accounted a Kingdome it self ; for so the flower-gatherer of Westminster recordeth : King Edmund ( saith he ) with the helpe of Leoline Prince of South-Wales , wasted all Cumberland , and having put out the eyes of the two sonnes of Dunmail King of that Province , granted that Kingdome unto Malcolm King of Scots , whereof their eldest sonnes became Prefects . This Province , King Stephen , to purchase favor with the Scots , what time he stood in most need of aide , confirmed by gift under their Crowne ; which Henry the Second notwithstanding made claime unto and got , as Newbrigensis writeth , and laid it againe in the Marches of England : since when , many bickerings betwixt these Nations herein have hapned , but none so sore against the Scotish side as was that at Sollome-Mosse , where their Nobilitie disdaining their Generall Oliver Sinclere , gave over the Battle , and yeelded themselves to the English ; which dishonour pierced so deeply into the heart of King Iames the fifth , that for griefe thereof he shortly after died . ( 6 ) Many memorable Antiquities remaine and have beene found in this County : for it being the Confines of the Romans Possessions , was continually secured by their Garrisons , where remain at this day parts of that admirable wall built by Severus : also an other Fortification from Werkinton to Elns Mouth , upon the Sea-shore toward Ireland , by Stilico raised when under Theodosius he suppressed the rage of the Picts and Irish , and freed the Seas of the Saxons Pyrats . Vpon Hardknot hill , Moresby , Old Carleil , Papcastle along the Wall , and in many other places , their ruines remaine , with Altars , and Inscriptions of their Captaines and Colonies , whereof many have beene found , and more as yet lie hid . ( 7 ) The chiefest Citie in this Shire is Carlile , pleasantly seated betwixt the Rivers Eden , Petterell , and Caud , by the Romans called Luguzallum ; by Beda , Luell ; by Ptolemie , Leucopibia ; by Ninius , Caer-Lualid ; and by us Carlile . This Citie flourishing under the Romans , at their departure , by the furious outrages of the Scots and Picts was dejected , yet in the dayes of Egfrid King of Northumberland was walled about : but again defaced by the over-running Danes , lay buried in her owne ashes the space of two hundred yeers : upon whose ruines at length Rufus set his compassionate eye , and built there the Castle , planting a Colony of Flemings to secure the Coasts from the Scots , but upon better advisement removed them into Wales . After him , Henry his brother and successour ordained this Citie for an Episcopall See : whose site is placed in the degree of Longitude from the first West part 17. and 2. scruples , and the Pole thence elevated from the degree of Latitude 55. and 56. scruples . ( 8 ) West from hence , at Burgh upon the sand , was the fatall end of our famous Monarch King Edward the First , who there leaving his Warres unfinished against Scotland , left his troubles , and soone missed life , to his untimely and soone lamented death . ( 9 ) And at Salkelds upon the River Eden , a Monument of seventie seven stones , each of them ten foot high above ground , and one of them at the entrance fifteene , as a Trophie of Victory was erected . These are by the By-dwellers called Long Megge and her Daughters . ( 10 ) This County , as it stood in the fronts of assaults , so was it strengthned with 25. Castles , and preserved with the prayers ( as then was thought ) of the Votaries in the houses erected at Carlile , Lenecoft , Wetherall , Holme , Daker , and Saint Bees . These with others were dissolved by King Henry the eight , and their revenewes shadowed under his Crowne : but the Province being freed from charge of subsidie , is not therefore divided into Hundreds in the Parliament Rowles , whence we have taken the divisions of the rest : onely this is observed , that therein are seated nine Market-Townes , fiftie eight Parish-Churches , besides many other Chappels of ease . map of Cumberland CUMBERLAND AND THE ANCIENT CITIE CARLILE DESCRIBED WITH MANY MEMORABLE AN TIQVITIES THEREIN FOUND OBSERVED A TABLE of all the Towns in Cumberland . A Acton . Aglionby . Aldby . Alhollowes . Alne Flu. Alme . Allonby . Alonby . Alwarby . Ancautre . Kirk Ander . Anstable . Arladon . Armanthwat castle . Armanthwat . Armebath . Artruth . Askerton castle . Aspatre . Austermore . B Kirk Banton . Little Banton . Bardsey hall . Barrenwood Parke . Basmthauate . Beamont . S. Bees head . S. Bees . Bekermond . Bew-castle . Birtby . Black-band . Black-hall . Blek-hall . Blencongey . Blenge Flu. Blenkerne . Blynroser . Blenrake . Bodell . Bolton . Borrodale . Boulnesse . Bowtell . Brakenthwar . Braken hill . BRAMPTON . Brathwate . Brathwate . S. Brides . Bridgeham . Bridekirk . Brisco . Brodwater . Bronelston . Brounrig . Brumfeild . Bucknes . Burds wold . Burgh kirke . Burnes . Bustwath hill . C Cambek Flu. Kirk Cambok . Cammerton . Cander . Canda Flu. Cannonby . Cardew . Cardronok . Carlton . Carleton . Carleton . CARLILE . Castle Caroke . Castlesteed . Caswald howe . Catterley . Cauthwate . Chappell of the grune . Church . Cladbek . Clifton . Coker Flu. Corryhouse . COKERMOVTH . Combe whitton . Copeland . Copeland forrest . Corby Castle . Corno . Cote hill . Cristenbury crag . Crokedale . Croglin Church . Little Croglin . Crosby . Crosby . Crosthate . Croston . Cumcatith . Culgaith . Cumrew . D Dacor Flu. Dacor castle . Dalemane . Dalegarth . Darwent fels . Darwen Flu. Darwent Flu. Darwen Iland . Dauston . Dauston hall . Denok Flu. Dent hill . Denton hall . Over Denton . Nether Denton . Dereham . Derwentfote Haven . Devonby . Deyn. Distinton . Douthwait . P. Drigg . Drumbugh castle . Dubmill . Dudden Flu. Dunbalrasse stones . E Eden Flu. Eden Flu. Ednell . Eglesfeild . EGREMOND . Eimont Flu. Elne Flu. Elneboro . Emleton . Emsaugh . Enerdale . Esgill . Esk Flu. Eskdale . F Fedington . Fingland . Flimby . Forlam . Fornside . G Gamlesby . Gamleby . Gargill . The Gele crag . Gelt Flu. Gilcrosse . Gilsland . Glasenby . Glasen . Gofforth . The Grange . Grastocke Castle . Grinsdale . Grisedale . H Hale . Harbybrow . Kard-knot . Hareridge Hall. Harinton . Harington . Harper hill . Hathewate . Haton Castle . Haton . Haughton . Hay castle . Helbeck crag . Hestedach . Heskew . Hesket . Highgate . Highyate castle . Holme . The Horse Head. The Houses . Hudles kew . Huthwate . Huton . Huton Iohn . I IERBY . Inglewood forrest . S. Iohns . S. Iohns . Iohnby . Irthing Flu. Irton . Iet Flu. Isle . Itenfeild . Itunebay . K KESWICK . Kirbek Flu. Kirkanders . Kirkby . The Kirksop foot . L The Laith . The Lamiford . Lamonby . Lampley . Langanby . Langnewton . Lasen . Lasenby . Lathes . S. Laurence . Legburgh wate . Lenecroft . White Leven . Kirk Leventon . Lenton Flu. Black Leven Flu. The Lies . Limers dale . Lorton . Lowbyer . Lowswater . Lynstoke Castle . West Lynton . M The Masthorn . Materdale . Old Mawborow . Medowhushwood . Melmerby . Mewtoo beacon . S. Michaels chappell . Millum Castle . Millum Castle . Millum . Milne hill . Momaster . Moresby . Mosedale . The Mote . Motherby . The Mynes Royall . The Mynes . Myterdale . N Naworth castle . Netherby . Newbiggen . Newbiggin . Newby . Newland chappell . New-lathes . New-more . Newton in Ardale . Nunny . O Orton . Overhall . Ousby . Outerbye . Owterside . Owton . P Pap-castle . PENRETH . Penrodok . Petterell . Petterell wrey . Plumland . Pole. Portinskal . Pottrose Flu. Punsonby . R Raby-Cotes . Rauderside hall . RAVENGLAS . Raughton head chappell . Rawthate . Redmane . Reunok . Ribton . The Rose castle . Rotherby . Rowcliffe castle . Rowcliffe . S Saberham . Salkeldes . Sawbarron . Scalbye . Scalby Castle . Scascall . Seaton . Seaton . Sellofeld . Setmurther . Silluth . Silverside . Skelton . Skiddow hill . Skinburnesse . Skirwith . Skutterby . Stafle . Stainton . Stangartiksed . Stanwix . Stannborn . Stapleton . Sollome Mosse . Sowerby . Sowporte . Sowterfeild . Spade Adam . Shire stones upon Wrenosse . Sunderland . T Tallantre . Tarraby . Taukin . Thakthwate . Thornthwate . Threlcot . Thurbury Flu. Thuresbye . Thwate . South Tyne . Flu. Tomwat hill . Torpenny . The new Towne . Tretermane . Trout Bek . V Vent Flu. Uffay parke . Uldale . Ulles Flu. Ullok . Unerigg . Unthank . Unthank . Uprightby . W Wakthwate . Waleton . Wampul Flu. VVampall . VVardall . VVarnell . VVarton . VVarwick . VVasdale chappell . Nether Wasdale . VVatenlath . VVathermelak . VVawburthwat . WERKINTON . VVestward . Westward forrest . VVesthall . Wetherall . Whidbek . Whitridge . Whithaven . Whitlaton . VVhittyham . Whitelose . Wiborne . Widehope . Winsgell . With hill . Kirses VVold . VVulsty Castle . THE Countie of Northumberland , which the English Saxons called Nort-humberlond , hath on the South the Bishopricke of Durham , being shut in with the River Derwent , and with Tyne ; the North is confined upon Scotland , the West upon part of Scotland , and part of Cumberland : the East-side lieth altogether upon the Sea , called Mare-Germanicum . ( 2 ) The forme thereof is Triangle , and differs not much in the sidings ; for from her South-East unto the South West-point are neere unto fortie miles ; from thence to her North-point are sixtie miles , and her base along the Sea-shore fortie-five miles : The whole in circumference is about one hundred fourtie five miles . ( 3 ) The Ayre must needs be subtle and piercing , for that the Northernly parts are most exposed to extremity of weathers , as great windes , hard frosts , and long lying of snowes , &c. Yet would it be farre more sharper then it is , were not the Germane Seas a ready means to futher the dissolution of her Ice and Snow , and the plentie of Coales there gotten , a great helpe to comfort the bodie with warmth , and defend the bitter coldnesse . ( 4 ) The Soyle cannot be rich , having neither fertility of ground for corne or cattell , the most part of it being rough , and in every place hard to be manured , save onely towards the Sea and the River Tyne , where , by the great diligence and industrious paines of good husbandry , that part is become very fruitfull . ( 5 ) The ancient Inhabitants of this Countrey , mentioned by Ptolemy , were called Ottalini , Ottadeny , and Ottadini , which by an easie alteration , ( as Master Cambden saith ) if it had beene called Ottatini , signifying , above the Tyne , or on the further side of Tyne ( for so this people were planted ) there would have beene much consonance both with the name of the Inhabitants , and the Position and Site of the Province . ( 6 ) The chiefest commoditie that enricheth this Countie are those stones Linthancraces , which we call Sea-coales , whereof there is such plentie and abundance digged up , as they doe not onely returne a great gaine to the Inhabitants , but procure also much pleasure and profit to others . ( 7 ) No place of this Province vents forth so many of these Sea-coales into other regions as Newcastle doth , being the very eye of all the Townes in this Countie : for it doth not onely minister reliefe ( by such provision ) to all other parts of England , but doth also furnish the wants of forraine Countries with her plentie . By meanes of this , and the intercourse of Trafficke which it hath , the place is growne exceeding rich and populous . Before the Conquest it was called Monk-chester : having beene ( as it seemed ) in the possession of Monkes : and Chester being added , which signifies a bulwark or place of defence , shewes that in ancient time it had been a place of fortification . ( 8 ) After the Conquest it got the name of Newcastle , by the new Castle which Robert the Sonne of William the Conquerour built there , out of the ground . What it was called in old time is not knowne , yet some are of opinion that it may be thought to have been Gatrosentum , for that Gateshead , the suburbe ( as it were ) of the same , expresseth in the owne proper signification that British name Gatrosentum . It is now most ennobled both by the Haven ( which Tyne maketh ) of that notable depth , that it beareth very tall ships , and is able to defend them against storms and tempests . As also by many favours and honours where with it hath beene dignified by Princes : for Richard the second , granted that a Sword should be carried before the Maior , and Henry the sixt made it a Countie , consisting of a Corporation within it selfe . It is adorned with foure Churches , and fortified with strong walls that have eight gates . It is distant from the first West line 21. degrees and 30. minutes , and from the Equinoctiall line towards the North pole 34. degrees and 57. minutes . ( 9 ) The utmost towne in England , and the strongest hold in all Britaine , is Barwick . From whence it had the name is not certainely made knowne . Some fetch it from Berengarius a Duke ( never read of : ) some say it was called Beornica-ƿic in the old English-Saxon tongue , which is the Towne of the Bernicians . Howsoever , this is better to be said then trusted : and whencesoever it hath the name , it is seated betweene two mightie Kingdoms , shooting far into the Sea , with the which , and the River Tweed , it is almost encompassed : and whensoever any discord fell betweene the two Nations , this place was the first thing they tooke care of . It hath indured the brunts of divers inroades and incursions , and been oftentimes both possessed and repossessed of the Scots and English : But since it was reduced under the command of Edward the fourth , our Kings have from time to time so strengthened it with new workes and fortifications , as they cut off all hopes of winning it . The Governour of this Towne is also Warden of the East Marches against Scotland . The longitude of it according to Mathematicall observation , is 21 degrees and 43. minutes : the latitude 55. degrees and 48. minutes . ( 10 ) The Inhabitants of this Countie are a warlike people , and excellent light horsemen , and are made fierce and hard by the severall encounters of the Scots , and not much unlike them in neither , betwixt whom in this County many battels have beene fought , and the successes oftentimes waved thorow very doubtfully , the victory sometimes falling to the Scots , sometimes to the English. At Otterburne was one , in which three or foure times it stood doubtfully indifferent , till in the end , the Scots got the upper hand of the English : Howbeit their glory was not made so illustrious by this Conquest , but that it was as much darkned by the foile they received at Anwicke , where William King of the Scots , was taken and presented prisoner to Henry the 2. As also by that battell at Brumridge , where King Athelstan fought a pitcht field against Anlase the Dane , Constantine King of Scots , and Eugenius king of Cumberland , and that with such fortunate successe , as it hath left matter sufficient to fill the pens of Historians . Flodden field also memorable in the death of Iames the fourth , king of Scots , who was there slaine , and his Armie overthrowne in a sharpe fight , as hee displayed his Banner ( in great hope ) against England , when king Henry the 8. lay at the siege of Turnay in France . ( 11 ) Other battels in this Countie have been , as that at Hexam ( called by Bede , Hangustald ) wherein Iohn Nevill Marquesse Montacute , encountred the Leaders of the Lancastrian faction with much courage , and with greater successe put them to flight , for which hee was made Earle of Northumberland by Edward the fourth . As also that at Dilston ( by Bede called Dinelsburne , ) where Oswald having the faith of Christ for his defence and armour , slew Cedwall the Britaine in a set battell , himself straight-wayes becomming a professed Christian , and causing his people to be instructed in Christian Religion . ( 12 ) Many memorable Antiquities are found in this Countrey along the wall , and in other places : As pieces of Coyne , Inscriptions , broken and unprefect Altars , &c. ( the ruines of the wall yet to be seene : ( but none that deserves more to be remembred then Wall-Town ( by Bede called Ad Murum ) for that Segbert King of the East-Saxons was in it baptized in the Christian faith by the hands of Paulinus : and Halyston , where the same Paulinus is said to have baptized many thousands in the faith of Christ , in the Primitive Church of the English Nation . ( 13 ) Busy-gap is a place infamous for robbing and theeving , and is therefore rather remembred as a cautiatory note for such as have cause to travell that way , then for any proper matter of worth it hath , that merits place with other parts of this Province . Other matters of observation are onely these , that North Tyne ( running through the Wall ) waters two Dales , which breede notable light Horsemen , and both of them have their hilles ( hard by ) so boggie , and standing with water on the top , that no Horsemen are able to ride thorow them , and yet ( which is wonderfull ) there be many great heaps of stones ( called Lawes ) which the neighbouring people are verily perswaded were cast up and laid together in old time , in remembrance of some that were slain there . There is also a Martiall kinde of men which lie out , up and downe in little cottages , ( called by them Sheales & Shealings ) from Aprill to August , in scattering fashion , summering ( as they terme it ) their cattell , and these are such a sort of people as were the ancient Nomades . The last , not least , matter of note is this , that the Inhabitants of Morpeth set their owne Towne on fire in the yeare of Christ 1215. in the spight they bare to King Iohn , for that he and his Rutars over-ran these Countries . This Countie hath five Market-Townes in it for her trade of buying and selling , 26. Castles for her strength and fortification , and 460. Parish-Churches for divine service . map of Northumberland NORTHUMBERLAND . A ABsheles . Acam . Ackton . Acton . Akelynton . Allanton . Allenton . Almeburne . ALNEWICK . Alnham . East Al●ow flu . West Allow flu . Anbell . Ancraft . Angetton . Anter-Chester . Aperley . Ashington . Asper sheles . Averwick . Aumond hill . Aydon Castle . Aylmouth . Aylnammore . B Bamburg . Barmore . Barodon . Barraford . Barrinton . BARWICK . Barwick . Great Bavinton . Bearle . Bedenell . Bedlinton . Bedford . Bellister castle . Bellerley . The Bellyn . Belkerk . Belsey castle . Beltingham . Beneley . Bentham . Benwell . Berling . Great Bewick . Little Bewick . Bewfront . Bichefield . Bickerton . Biker . Billingham . Billistone . Bilton . Bingfield . Brikes . Biwell castle . Blacklaw . Black-brea . Black-bedon . Blakedon . Black-hall . Blake law . Blakeworth . Blenkensop Castle . Blithe flu . Blithes Newkes . Bolam . Bottle Castle . Bowesden . Bowmet . Bowton . Bradford . Bradley hall . Brankeston . Bransaugh . Branton . Branton . Brearidge . Brenkhorn . Brinkley . Brome parke . Bromeridge . Bromish flu . Brumley . Brunton . Bruntons . Buckton . Budle . Burdop . Burrodon . Burtley . Burton . Buston . Busigap . Buteland . Butterhagh . C Caddon . Callalee . Callie parke . Cammas . Captheaton . Carehouse . North Carleton . South Carleton . Carram . Carrow towre . Carswell . The Carter . Castley . Catchaside . Catchborne . Causey . Cerbridge . Charleton . Chatton . Chesterwood . Cheswick . Chetlop Burne . Cheviot hils . East-Chevinton . West-Chevinton . Chillingham . Chirden . Chipechase . Chirtons . Cholerton . Claroo . Cockley . Cockley towne . Cocket flu . Coket Iland . Cocklaw hill . Cold-Marton . Conwood chapel Colwell . Cornwale . Corsenside . Cortington castle Cotewall tower . Coupland . Cowpon . Cragshels . Cramlinton . Crawley . Crawstor . Christenbury cra . Crocklaw . Cronkley . Cunningarth . D Dala Castle . Dareshall . Dawton . Deddington . Denijk . Denton . Detcham . Dichborns . Dilston . Dissingtons . Doteland . Donols flu . Downeham . Doxford . Druriche . Duke pul . Dunkefield . Dunnington . Dunston . Dunterley . Dunstaburgh Castle . Durtreborn . E Eawden . Edderston . Edington . Edlingham castle . Eglingham . Eland hall . Eldes . Elford . Elihaugh . Elis. Elishaw . Ellesden . Ellingham . Ellyke . Elmeley . Eltringham . Embleton . Emmothilis . Emmouthough . Erington . Erisden . Eslington . Espley . Essheales . Etall . Etall Castle . Evart . F Fallowfield . Farley . Farnlaw . Fauston hall . Fauterley . Fawlee . Faulick . Fawnes . Felkinton . Felton . Fennam . Fennik . Fennik hall . Fetherston haugh . Flights fell . Flodden hill . Font flu . Ford Castle . Fowbre . Framlington . G Garretlee . The Gelecrag . Gijsons . Gilderdale . Glanthisse . Glanton . Gloucester . The Grange . Grange . Greene. Greenchester . Greene haugh . Greene hatherly . Greene Leighton Greenested . Grindridge . North Gosford South Gosford . Goswick . Grotehugh . Gunnerton . H Haden bridge . Haggerston . Haledon . Halewell . Halidon hill . Haliston . Halton hall . Halton-sheeles . Halt-wesell . Hambleton . Hamburne hall . The Haggiston . Haton . Hathrington . wark . Haughton . Haukeslaw . Haukwell . Hawcople . Hay close . Haydon . Hartbottle castle . Harehaugh . Harelaw . Harford . Kirk Harle . West Harle Harnam . Harlow . Harsingside . Hartborn . Harterton . Hartley flu . Hartley . Hartside . Harvep . Harwood sheeles Headly . Heaton . Heborn . Hebborne . Heddon . East Heddon . Hedgely . The Hee field . Hefferlaw . Helterborne . Heppescote . Hessh . Heslaside . Heselridge . Ould Heton . Herton . HEXAM . Hexley . Highley . Hoclugh . Holy Iland . Holinhead . Horde . The horshead . Horsley . Horton Grange . Horton Castle . Howborne . Howick . Howtell . Long Houghton . Houghton . Houghton . Hugh . Hull . Hurst . Hyndley . I Ilderton . Ingram . Ingey . S. Iohn Lee. K Kemblespeth hill . Kenton . Kepik . Killam . Killinworth . Kinsingham . Kirkhaugh . Kirkley . Kirk whelpington . Kineleyside . Knaresdale . Knewdon . Kyley . L Lamley . Lamyford . Langhaugh . Langley Castle . Langton . Leame . Leaplyshe . Learmouth . Lee-hall . Lees. Leminaton . Lesbury . East Lilborne . West Lilborne . Lire hillam . Longhope . Longhurst . Longshawes . Long-witton . The forrest of Lowes . Lowick . Lowlyn . Lucker . Lungridge . Lurbottle . Lynbridge . Lyne flu . Lynton . Lyom . M Mad-fennes . Maiden crosse . Marelet . S. Margaret . Medow-hough . Melchriche . Meldon . Mickeley . Middleborn . Middleton . Middleton . Middleton hall . Middletons . Milborne . Milfield . Minsterakers . Mitforth . Monk-seton . Moretowne . Nether Morley . MORPETH . Morrik . Morton . Mosedon . Mowap . Mousewell . Munk. Munkryse . N Nesbet . Netherton . Nethpoole . Newbiggin . Newbiggin . Newbiggin . Newbiggins . Newbiggins . Newborn . Newburgh . New Chappell . NEW CASTLE . Newlands . Newneham . Newsham . Newshele . Newsted . Newtowne . Newtowne . Newtowne . Newtowne . Newton . Newton . Newton . Newton . Newton hall . Newton kirke . Nobock . Nopton . Norham . Norton . Nuke . Nunnikirk . Nunriding . O Ogle Castle . Oldtowne . Ord. S. Oswald . Otterburne . Over-hall . Over-Acres . Ovinton . Ovingham . Ouldtowne . Outchester . Owmers . Owston . P Padston . Parkhead . Pegton . Penpughe . Permandley . Plankford . Plashe . Pont flu . Pontland . Portgate . Prendick . Preslik . Pessan . Preston . Pruddo Castle . R Ratten Raw. Rause Castle hill . Raylees . Radeswouth . Redesdale . Rellosyse . Revela . The Reye . Ridlamhope . Ridland flu . Ridley flu . Little Rile Great Rile . Riplington . Rising . Robbs Crosse. Rock . Rochester . Rodom . Rothbury . Rotheley . Roseborne . Roseden . Rosse . Rugley . Runington . Rutchester . Rutchester . S Sammeshouse . Sandon . Seaton . Seaton . Seaton dalavell . Sewenshele . Sibbenes . Sibton sheles . Sighill . Simonburn castle . Simonside . Sindrop . Sharpenton . Shavon . Shelduks . She le flu . Shele-hall . Shepewash . Shilburnehaugh . Shilbottel . Shilvington . Shipley . Shitlinton . Shorley . Shortslat . Shoston . Shotley . Shotton . Skrimmerston . Skernwood . Slealey . Slekbornes . Smalborne . Smalborne . Snepe . Snipe-house . Snitter . Snuke-banke . Spi-Crag . Spindleston . The Spittle . The Spittle . Spurtwell . White Squire hill . The red Squire . Stanforth . Stannington . Stanton . Steele hall . Stele . Stonehall . Stokeswood . Stoubes . Stavertpeele . Sunderland . Swinborne castle . Little Swinborn Swinnon . The Syde . T Tarsell . Till flu . Tinmouth . Tinmouth Castle . Titlington . Thecam . Thirlewall . Thokerinton . Thornburn . Thornhope . Thornham towre Thornton . Thornton . Throple . Throxton . Todhorn . Toddelwood . Togesden . Toneley . Tossons . Over Trewhet . Nether Trewhet . Tritlinton . Troughwhen . Tuggell . Tweedmouth . Tweedmouth . Tweed flu . Twisell Tylmouth . Tyne flu . Tyne flu . Tyne head . Tyndale . V Vgham . Vnthank . Vsway flu . W Wall. Wall towne . Wallington . Walker . Walwick . Wamson . Wanspeck flu . Warden . Warke Castle . Warne flu . Warnemouth . Warnford . Warton . Warmouth . Wateryate . Wawbottle . Weldon . Welton . Wesell . Wetewood . Weteslades . West Newton . Widon . Wilam . Williamston . Willinton . Willy Motswick . Winchester . Windram . Winnelraw . Wintrig . Witherington Castle . Whanton . Wharby . The Whele Feil . West Welpington . Whitchester . Whitfield . Whitfield hall . Whitlathe . Whitley sheeles . Whitside . Whittel . Whittentons . Whittrenstall . Whittingham . Whitton Castle . Whitton towre . Woodburnes . Wooden . Woodhall . Woodhouses . Woodhouse . Woperden . Workesborn . Worndon . Wreghill . Wullaw . Wuller . Y Yardrop . Yarro . Yarnwiche . Yellinton . Yeverin hill . THE I le of Man is termed by Ptolemy , Moneda ; by Pliny , Monabia ; by Orosius , Menavia ; by Beda , Menavia secunda ; and by Gyldas , Eubonia , and Manaw . The Britaines name ●● Men●● ; the inhabitants , Maninge ; and we Englishmen , The I le of Man. It boundeth North-ward upon Scotland , South-ward upon the I le of Anglesey , East-ward upon part of Lancashire , and West-ward upon the Coast of Ireland . ( 2 ) The form is long and narrow ; for from Cransl●n to the Mull-hils , where it is longest , it onely stretcheth it selfe to twenty nine miles ; but from the widest part , which is from Peele-Castle , to Douglas-point , are scarce nine ; the whole compasse about , is four score and two miles . ( 3 ) The air is cold and sharp , being bordering upon the Septentrionall parts , and for her shelter having but a wall of water . They have few Woods ; onely they light sometimes upon subterranean trees buryed under the ground , by digging up the earth for a clammie kinde of Turfe , which they use for fewell . ( 4 ) The soile is reasonable fruitfull both for Cattell , Fish , and Corn ; yet it rather commendeth the pains of the people then the goodnes of the ground ; for by the industrie of the Inhabitants it yeeldeth sufficiencie of every thing for it self , and sendeth good store into other Countries . It hath fields ( by good manuring ) plenteous of Barley and Wheat , but especially of Oats ; and from hence it comes that the people eat most of all Oaten bread . It beares abundance of Hemp and Flaxe , and is full of mighty flockes of sheepe and other Cattell : yet are they smaller in body then we have in England , and are much like to the Cattell in Ireland that are neighbouring upon it . ( 5 ) This commmodity makes this Iland more happie then we are here : for the people are there free from unnecessary commencements of Suites , from long & dilatory Pleas , and from frivolous feeing of Lawyers . No Judge or Clerks of the Court take there any penny for drawing Instruments , or making of Processes . All controversies are there determined by certain Judges , without writings or other charges , and them they call Deemsters , and choose forth among themselves . If any complaint be made to the Magistrate for wrongs either done or suffred , he presently taketh up a stone , and fixeth his marke upon it , and so delivereth it unto the party plaintiffe , by vertue of which he both calls his adversary to appearance , and to produce his witnesses . If the case fall out to be more litigious , and of greater consequence then can easily be ended , it is then referred to twelve men , whom they terme The keyes of the Iland . Another happines enricheth this Iland , namelie , the securitie and government thereof , as being defended from neighbour enemies by Souldiers that are prest and ready ; for on the South-side of the I le stands Bala-Curi ( the Bishops chief place of residence ) and the Pyle , and a Blockhouse standing in a little Iland , where there is a continuall Garrison of Souldiers . And it is so well managed for matter of rule and civill discipline , that every man there possesseth his own in peace and safetie . No man lives in dread or danger of losing what he hath . Men are not there inclined to robbing or theeving , or licentious living . ( 6 ) The inhabitants of this Iland are for the most part religious , and loving to their Pastors , to whom they do much reverence and respect , frequenting duly to divine service , without division in the Church or innovation in the Cōmon-weale . The wealthier sort , and such as hold the fairest possessions , do imitate the people of Lancashire , both in their honest cariage & good hous-keeping . Howbeit the common sort of people both in their language and manners , come nighest unto the Irish although they somwhat relish and savour of the qualities of the Norwegians . ( 7 ) Things not worthy to be buried in the grave of oblivion are , that this Iland in the midst thereof riseth up with hills , standing very thicke , amongst which the highest is called Sceafull , from which upon a cleare and faire day , a man may easily see three Kingdoms at once ; that is , England , Scotland , & Ireland . This I le prohibits the customary manner of begging from doore to doore , detesting the disorders , as well Civill as Ecclesiasticall , of neighbour-Nations . And last , not least , that deservs to be committed to memory , is , that the womē of this Countrey , wheresoever they go out of their doors , gird themselves about with the winding-sheet that they purpose to be buryed in , to shew themselves mindefull of their mortalitie : and such of them as are at any time condemned to die , are sowed within a sack , and flung from a rock into the sea . ( 8 ) The whole I le is divided into two parts , South and North , whereof the one resembleth the Scotish in speech , the other the Irish. It is defended by two Castles , and hath seventeen Parishes , five Market-Townes , and many Villages . ¶ A Table of the Townes , Villages , Castles , Rivers , and Havens within the I le of Man , Alphabetically gathered . A Kirk Andrew . The point of Aire . B Baladoul , Balalough . Kirk Balalough . Balicaken . Balisaly Abbey . Balisaly Town . Friry Bewmakan . Kirk Bridge . Kirk Brodon . C Caltregh . The Calfe of Man. Castle Town Bay. Kirk Christ. Kirk Christ. Chappell . Clanmoy flu . Cobbe Borne . Corte . Cranston . D Dauby point . Dauby Town . Douglas point . DOUGLAS towne . Douglas haven . E Egnes . F Fleshik . G Glan-Brow . Glan-Cam . I Kirk Jarman . Jeorby point . Saint Johns Chappell . K Saint Katherins Chappel Kirk Kerbrey . L The point Lang-nouse . Laxi-Bay . Laxi-point . LAXI TOWNE . Kirk Lennon . Loughe . M Kirk Magh haul . Kirk Magh-hauls head . Malarlough . Kirk Mali. Kirk Migh-hil . Kirk Migh-hill flu . Saint Migh-hills Island . Min-hugh . Kirk Mortown . The Mull-hills . N Neb flu . The Nunnery . O Kirk Onkon . P Kirk Patriark . Kirk Patriark of the Peel . PEEL-Town . Peel-Castle . Polt Bash. Port Earn . Portell Morrey . Portwick . R Ramsey . RAMSEY Town . Ramsey haven . RUSHIN Castle . S Scarthlat . Shellack point . Snafeld . Solbe mouth . Solbe flu . Spalork . The Stack . Kirk Stanton . V Vark . W Watch-hill . The white Water . Black Water . Whetston . map of the Isle of Man THE ISLE OF MAN Exactly desribed , and into several Parishshes diuided , with euery Towne , Village , Baye , Creke , and Riuer therein conteyned . The bordringe Coasts wherewith it is circulated in their Situations self , and by the Compase accordīgly shewed , with their true distance from euery place vnto this Island by a seuerall scale obserued IT is here very pertinent to the purpose , to insert a small History of this Iland , that the atchievemēts heretofore had , may not be utterly buried , although they are waxen very old , & almost torn from remēbrance by the teeth of Time. It is confessed by all , that the Britains held this Iland , as they did all Britain But when the Nations from the North over fl●wed these South parts , like violent tempests , it became subiect to the Scots . Afterwards the Norwegians , who did most hurt from the Northern sea by their manifold robberies made this Iland and the He●rides to be their haunt , and erected Lords and petty Kings in the same , as is expressed in this Chronicle , Written ( as is reported ) by the Monkes of the Abbey of Russin . A Chronicle of the Kings of MAN. ANno Dom , 1●65 . Edward , of blessed memory , King of England , departed this life , and Harald the sonne of Godwyn succeeded him in the Kingdome , against whom Harald Harfager ( King of Norway ) came into the field , and fought a battle at Stainford bridge : but the English obtaining the victory , put them all to f●ight . Out of which chase Godred , 1 surnamed Crovan , the son of Harald the Black of Iseland , came unto Godred the sonne of Syrric , who reigned then in Man , and honourably received him . 2 ( 2 ) The same yeer William the Bastard conquered Enggland , and Godred the sonne of Syrric died , his sonne Fingall succeeding him . ( 3 ) An. 1066. Godred Crovan assembled a great Fleet , and came to Man , and fought with the people of the Land , but received the worst , and was overcome . The second time renewing his forces and his Fleet , he sayled into Man & joyned battell with the Manksmen , but was vanquished as before , and driven out of the field . Howbeit , what he could not at first bring to passe with power in those two severall Onsets , he afterward effected by policie . For the third time gathering a great multitude together , he arrived by night in the haven called Ramsey , and hid three hundred men in a Wood , which stood upon the hanging hollow brow of an hill called Sceafull . The Sun being risen , the Manksmen put their people in order of battle , and with a violent charge encountred with Godred . 3 The sight was hot for a time , and stood in a doubtfull suspense , till those three hundred men starting out of the Ambush behinde their backs , began to foyl the Manksmen , put them to the worst , and forced them to flie . Who seeing themselves thus discomfited , and finding no place of refuge left them to escape , with pitifull lamentation submitted themselves unto Godred , and besought him not to put to the sword such poore remainder of them as was left alive . Godred having compassion on their calamities , ( for he had been nursed for a time and brought up among them ) founded a retreat , and prohibited his host any longer pursuit . He being thus possessed of the I le of Man , dyed in the Iland that is called Ile , when he had reigned sixteen yeers . He left behinde him three sonnes , Lagman , Harald , and Olave . 4 ( 4 ) Lagman the eldest , taking upon him the Kingdome , reigned seven yeares . His brother Harald rebelled against him a great while ; but at length was taken prisoner by Lagman , who caused his members of generation to be cut off , and his eyes to be put out of his head ; which crueltie this Lagman afterwards repenting , gave over the Kingdom of his own accord , and wearing the badge of the Lords Crosse , took a journey to Ierusalem , in which he died . ( 5 ) An. 1075. all the Lords and Nobles of the Ilands hearing of the death of Lagman , dispatched Ambassadours to Murecard O●brien King of Ireland , and requested that he would send some worthy and industrious man of the Blood Royall to be their King , till Olave the son of Godred came to full age . 5 The King yeelding to their request , sent one Dopnald the son of Tade , and charged him to govern the Kingdome ( which by right belonged to another ) with lenitie and gentlenesse . But after he was come to the Crowne , forgetting , or not weighing , the charge that his Lord and Master had given him , swayed his place with great tyrannie , committing many outrages and cruelties , and so reigned three yeers : till all the princes of the Ilands agreeing together , rose up against him , and made him flie into Ireland . 6 ( 6 ) An. Do. 1111. Olave the son of Godred Crovan aforesaid , began his reigne , and reigned fourtie yeers , a peaceable Prince . He took to wife Affrica , the daughter of Fergus of Galway , of whom he begat Godred . By his Concubines he had Raignald , Lagman and Harald , besides many daughters , whereof one was married to Summerled , Prince of Herergaidel , who caused the ruine of the Kings of the Ilands . On her he begat four sons , Dungal , Raignald , Engus , and Olave . 7 ( 7 ) An. Dom. 1144. Godred the son of Olave , was created King of Man , and re●gned thirty yeers . In the third yeer of his reign the people of Dublin sent for him , and made him their King , Which Mure-card King of Ireland maligning , raised war , and sent Osibeley his half brother by the mothers side with 3000. men at Armes to Dublin , who by Godred and the Dublinians was slaine , and the rest all put to flight . These atchievemēts made , Godred returned to Man , and began to use tyranny , turning the Noblemen out of their inheritances . Whereupon one called Thorfin ( Otters sonne ) being mightier then the rest , came to Summerled , and made Dulgal ( Summerleds son ) king of the Ilands : whereof Godred having intelligence , prepared a Navie of 80. Ships to meet Summerled . And in the yeer 1156 there was a battle fought at Sea on Twelfth day at night , & many slain on both sides . But the next day they grew to a pacification , and divided the Kingdome of the Ilands among themselves . This was the cause of the overthrow of the Kingdom of the Iles. ( 8 ) An. 1158. Summerled came to Man , with a Fleet of fiftie three sayle , put Godred to flight , and wasted the land . Godred upon this crossed over to Norway for aide against Summerled . But Summerled in the mean time arriving at Rhinfrin ▪ and having gathered together a fleet of a 160. ships coveting to subdue all Scotland , by the just judgement of God , was vanquished by a few , and both himself and his son slain , with an infinite number of people . ( 9 ) The fourth day after , Raignald began to reigne , but Godred coming upon him out of Norway with a great multitude of armed men , took his brother Raignald , and bereft him both of his eyes , and genitall members . On the fourth Ides of November , An. Dom. 1187. Godred King of the Ilands died , and his body was translated to the I le of Ely. He left behinde him three sons , Raignald , Olave , and Yuar . He ordained in his life time that Olave should succeed him , because he onely was born legitimate . But the people of Man seeing him to be scarce ten yeers old , sent for Raignald , and made him their King. 8 This caused great division , and many turbulent attempts between the two Brethren for the space of thirty eight yeers ; which had no end , till at a place called Tnigua●●a there was a battle struck between them , wherein Olave had the victory , and Raignald was slaine . The Monkes of Russin translated his body unto the Abbey of S. Mary de Fournes , and there interred it in a place which himself had chosen for that purpose . ( 10 ) An. 1230. Olave and Godred Don ( who was Raignalds sonne ) with the Norwegians came to Man , 9 and divided the Kingdom among themselves . Olave held Man , and Godred being gone unto the Ilands , was slaine in the I le Lodhus . So Olave obtained the Kingdome of the Iles. He dyed the twelfth Calends of Iune , An. 1237. in S. Patricks Iland , and was buryed in the Abbey of Russin . ( 11 ) Harrold his sonne succeeded him , 10 being foureteene yeers of age , and reigned twelve yeers . In the yeer 1239. he went unto the King of Norway , who after two yeares confirmed unto him , his heyres and successours , under his Seal , all the Ilands which his Predecessours had possessed . ( 12 ) An. Do. 1242. Harrold returned out of Norway , and being by the inhabitants honourably received , had peace with the Kings of England , and of Scotland . The same yeer he was sent for by the King of Norway , and married his daughter . In the yeer 1249. as he returned homeward with his wife , he was drowned in a tempest neer unto the coasts of Radland . ( 13 ) An. Dom. 1249. Raignald the sonne of Olave , and brother to Harrold , 11 began his reign , and on the thirtieth day thereof was slaine by one Yuar a Knight , in a meadow neer unto the holy Trinity Church , and lyeth buried in the Church of S. Mary of Russin . ( 14 ) In the yeer 1252. Magnus the son of Olave , came to Man , 12 and was made King. The next yeer following he went to the King of Norway and stayed there a yeer . ( 15 ) In the yeer 1265. Magnus , ( Olaves son ) King of Man , and of the Ilands , departed this life , at the Castle of Russin , and was buryed in the Church of S. Mary of Russin . ( 16 ) In the yeer 1266. the Kingdome of the Ilands was translated , by reason of Alexander King of Scots , who had gotten into his hands the western Ilands , and brought the I le of Man under his dominion , as one of that number . ( 17 ) An. 1340. William Montacute Earl of Salisbury wrested it from the Scotish by strong hand and force of Armes : and in the yeer 1393. ( as Thomas Walsingham saith ) he sold Man and the Crown thereof unto William Scroope for a great summe of money . But he being beheaded for high Treason and his goods confiscate , it came into the hands of Henry the fourth King of England , who granted this Iland unto Henry Percy Earl of Northumberland . But Henry Percy entring into open rebellion the fift yeer following , the king sent Sir Iohn Stanley & William Stanley to seize the I le and Castle of Man , the inheritance whereof he granted afterwards to Sir Iohn Stanley & his heirs by Letters patents , with the Patronage of the Bishopricke , &c. So that his heires and successours , who were honoured with the Title of Earles of Darby , were commonly called Kings of Man. HOLY ILAND . THis Iland is called Lindisfarne , by the River Lied that is opposite unto it on the Coast of Northumberland . Beda tearmeth it a Demy Iland . The Britaines name it Inis Medicante , for that it twice every day suffereth an extraordinary inundation and over-flowng of the Ocean in manner of an Iland , which twice likewise makes it continent to the Land , and returning unto her watry habitation , laies the Shoare bare again , as before . It is called in English , Holy-Iland , for that in ancient times many Monks have been accustomed to retire themselves thither , and to make it their receptacle for solitude : having on the West and South , Northumberland , and more South-Eastward the Iland Farne . ( 2 ) The form of it is long and narrow , the West side narrower then the East , and are both conjoyned by a very small spang of Land that is left unto Conies . The South is much broader then the rest . It is from East to West about two thousand two hundred and fiftie pases ; and from North to South , twelve hundred and fiftie pases ; so that the circumference cannot be great . ( 3 ) The aire is not very good either for health or delight , as being seated on those parts that are subject to extremitie of cold , and greatly troubled with vapors and foggy mists that arise from the Seas . ( 4 ) The soyle cannot be rich , being rockie and full of stones , and unfit for Corne and tillage . It is neither commended for hils to feed sheepe , nor pastures to fat cattle , neither hath it vallies replenished with sweet springs , or running rivellets , onely one excepted , descending from a standing pond . The onely thing this Iland yeeldeth , is a fit and accommodate aptitude for Fishing and Fowling . ( 5 ) Notwithstanding this is very worthy of note concerning the same , which Alcuin wrote in an Epistle to Egelred King of Northumberland , namely , that it was a place more venerable then all the places of Britaine , and that after the departure of S. Paulinus from Yorke , there Christian Religion began in their Nation , though afterwards it there felt the first beginning of miserie and calamitie , being left to the spoile of Pagans and Miscreants . ( 6 ) It is also remembred of this Iland , that sometimes there hath been in it an Episcopall See , which Aidan the Scot instituted ( being called thither to preach the Christian Faith to the people of Northumberland ) being much delighted with the solitary situation thereof , as a most fit place for retire . But afterwards when the Danes , rifled and robbed all the Sea-coasts , the Episcopall See was translated to Durham . ( 7 ) This Iland so small in account either for compasse or commoditie , and so unpeopled and unprofitable , cannot be numerous in Townes and Villages . It hath in it onely one Towne , with a Church and a Castle , under which there is a commodious Haven , defended with a Block-house , situate upon an hill towards the South-East . FARNE I LE . THis I le South-Eastward seven miles from Holy Iland , sheweth it selfe distant almost two miles from Bambrough Castle . On the West and South it beareth upon Northumberland , and on the North-East side it hath other smaller Ilands adjoyning to it , as Wid-pens and Staple Iland , which lie two miles off Brondsman , and two lesser then these which are called the Wambes . ( 2 ) The forme of this I le is round , and no larger in compasse then may easily be ridden in one halfe of a day . The bredth of it is but five miles , and the length no more . The whole circumference extends it selfe no further then to fifteene miles . ( 3 ) The aire is very unwholesome , and subject both to many Dysenteries and other diseases , by reason of the mistie fogges and exhalations that are thereunto drawn up from the Ocean . It is many times troubled with unusuall tempests of windes , with boisterous fury of stormy raines , and with severall and uncouth rages of the Sea. ( 4 ) The soyle cannot be fertile , being encircled about with craggy clifts ; neither hath it in it much matter either of pleasure or profit . It can neither defend it selfe from cold , lacking fuell , as Wood , Cole , Turfs , &c. nor from famine , wanting food , as Corn , Pastures , Cattle , &c. The best commodity it yeelds , is Fish and Fowle . ( 5 ) This thing neverthelesse is worthy to be remembred of it , which Beda ( writing of the life of Cuthbert Bishop of Lindisfarne , that Tutelar Patron of the Northerne Englishmen ) reporteth , namely , that in this I le he built a Citie fitting his government , and erected certaine houses in the same ▪ the whole building standing almost round in compasse , & reaching the space of foure or five pearches . The wall about it he made higher then a mans height , to with-hold and keepe in the wanton lasciviousnesse both of his thoughts & eyes , and to elevate the whole intention of his minde up to heavenly desires , that he might wholly give himself to the service of God. But these are all made the ruines of time , as sithence many other Monuments have been , of worthy antiquite . ( 6 ) I cannot report that there are now many houses standing in it , much lesse Townes or Villages . Onely this , that it hath a Tower or place of Fortification belonging unto it , placed well neere in the middle part of the I le . map of Holy Island HOLY ILAND map of the Farne Islands FARNE map of Guernsey GARNSEY map of Jersey IARSEY GARNSEY . THis Iland lyeth about five Leagues North-West from Iersey , and is compassed ( like to her neighbour ) with the British Sea. It lyeth in length from Plymouth Bay South-West , to Lancrosse de Anckers North-East , thirteene miles : in bredth from Saint Martins point South-East , to the Howe North-west nine miles ; and is in circuit thirtie sixe miles . The Emperour Antonine having the rule and domination of France ( at that time called Gaule , from whence the word Gallia is derived ) did name this Iland Sarnia , which afterward by the change of Times and corruption of Languages , was long since ( and is at this day ) called Garnsey . ( 2 ) This I le in forme and fashion standeth in the Sea , much like to a Parke that is incompassed round about with a Pale of Rocks , being very defensible unto the Iland from the attempting Invasion of enemies . ( 3 ) The Aire and Climate of this I le hath little or no difference in temper or qualitie from that of Iersey . And this deserves to be remembred of it ; that in this I le is neither Toade , Snake , Adder , or any other venemous creature , and the other hath great plentie . ( 4 ) It standeth for the most part upon a rocke , very high in many places from the Sea. Neverthelesse the Soile is very fruitfull , yeelding forth great plentie of grasse for their Sheepe and other Cattell , which they have to serve all uses . Their fields in the Summer time are so naturally garnished with flowers of all sorts , that a man ( being there ) might conceit himselfe to be in a pleasant artificiall garden . ( 5 ) The Inhabitants are not so much given to tillage as they of Iersey though the soyle be as fruitfull . They have of late taken great delight in planting and setting of trees of all sorts , and especially of Apples , by reason whereof they make much Cider . Their commodities are alike , and their helps from the Sea no lesse , or rather more . ( 6 ) In this I le are many great steepe rocks , among which is found a hard stone called by the Frenchmen Smyris , which we terme Emerill . This stone is serviceable for many purposes , and many Trades , as Glasiers , &c. but especially for the Goldsmiths and Lapidaries , to cut their precious stones . ( 7 ) It hath a head of Land upon the North part thereof , the passage into which is so narrow , that a man would thinke that at every Tide ( the Sea beating strongly on both sides ) it were in a continuall danger to be sundred from the other part of the I le . This place is called S. Michael in the Vale , where ( in former times ) stood a Priory , or a Covent of Religious persons , the ruines whereof are at this day to be seene . ( 8 ) The government of this I le , in nature and forme resembles the other of Iersey , of whom shall be said . The people are in their Originall and Language alike also , but in their customes and conditions they come neerer the civill fashions of the English . Other matters of moment I finde not worthy to be recorded . It hath ten Parishes , and one Market Towne , being also a Haven , and is called S. Peters Port , built close by the Peere , and Castle Cornet . IERSEY . THe two Ilands Iersey and Garnsey , being the only remaines of the Dukedome of Normandie , that in former times many yeers together was in the possession , and under the command of the Kings of England , annexing therunto a large territory and glorious title to the Crowne , are both seated in the Sea called Mare Britannicum , the Ocean parting them a good distant asunder , and are now both adjuncts , and within the circuit of Hampshire . For the first ( being the Isle of Iersey ) it lyeth upon the British Sea , having on the North parts the Coast of Hampshire , and on the South the Countrie of Normandie . ( 2 ) This Iland is long , not much unlike the fashion of an egge . It containes in length from Sentwon Poole upon the West , to Mount Orguil Castle on the East , ten miles , and in bredth from Dubon Point to Plymount bay , six miles : the whole circuit of the Iland being thirtie eight miles . It is distant from a little Iland called Alderney , about foure leagues . It was in old time called Caesarea ; whether from Iulius Octavius , or any the other Caesars that followed , is unknown . But the French-men have by corruption of speech long time called it Iersey . ( 3 ) It is a very delightsome and healthfull Iland , and giveth a pleasant aspect unto the seas . It lyeth South-ward not farre from a craggy ridge of rocks , which is much feared of the Mariners , and makes the passage that way very dangerous , howbeit it serves for a forcible defence against Pirats , or any strangers that attempt invasion , and they are termed Casquets . ( 4 ) The Soile is very fertile , bringing forth store of Corn and Cattle , but especially of Sheep , that are of reasonable bignesse , the most of them bearing foure hornes a peece : Their wooll very fine and white , of which the Inhabitants make their Jersey Stockings , which are ordinarily to be had in most parts of England , and yeeld a great commoditie unto the Iland . ( 5 ) The first originall of the Inhabitants sprung either from the Normans , or Britains , or both . They speake French , though after a corrupt manner , and have continued their names , language , customes , and Countrey ▪ without any , or little intermixture , these many hundred yeers , having been under the jurisdiction of the English ever since the untimely and unnaturall death of Robert Duke of Normandie , eldest sonne to William the Conquerour . ( 6 ) The people of this Countrey live very pleasantly , as well by the profits of the Land , as the helps and furtherances of the Sea , that yeelds unto them ( and especially in Summer season ) great store of fish , but principally Conger and Lobsters , the greatest and fattest upon the coast of England . Wood is very scant , for their best fuell is Turfe : some Coale they have brought unto them , but it is very deare ; straw , furre , and ferne serving their ordinary uses . The middle part of the Iland hath many prety Hils rising in it , yeelding a delightfull object unto the vallies , that receive from one another a mutuall pleasure . ( 7 ) The Governour of the I le is the Captaine thereof , who appointeth certaine Officers under him : the principall of whom , carrieth the name and title of a Bailiffe , that in civill causes hath the assistance of twelve Jurats to determine of differences , and minister Justice : in criminall matters seven : in matters of reason and conscience , five . Their twelve are chosen out of the twelve Parishes : so that no man goeth further to complaine , then to his own Jurate in ordinary controversies ; but matters of moment and difficultie are determined before the Bailiffe in a generall meeting . ( 8 ) This I le hath two little Ilands adjacent ; the one S. Albons , the other Hillary Iland . It hath twelve Parishes , and foure Castles . No other Monuments of name or note . THE SECOND BOOKE Containing THE PRINCIPALITY OF WALES . DELIVERING An exact Topographie of the COUNTIES . Divisions of their CANTREVES and COMMOTS . Descriptions of their CITIES and Shire-TOVVNES . WITH A COMPENDIOVS RELATION OF THINGS MOST MEMORABLE IN EVERY OF THEM . Performed BY JOHN SPEED . LONDON , Printed by Iohn Legatt , for William Humble . 1646. Cum Privilegio . DIEV ET MON DROIT ✚ HONI ✚ SOIT ✚ QVI MAL ✚ Y ✚ PENSE ✚ A Catalogue of such Princes sprung from THE ROYALL STEMME OF THE ENGLISH KINGS , AS HAVE BEENE Entituled PRINCES OF WALES , since the time of that Countries last Conquest , and first voluntary subjection under King EDVVARD the First . 1 Edward Carnarvon , named afterwards Edward 2. son to K. Edward 1. 2 Edward of Windsor , afterwards Edward the third . 3 Edward the Black Prince , sonne to K. Edward 3. 4 Richard of Burdeux , sonne to the Black Prince , afterwards R. 2. 5 Henry of Monmouth , sonne to Henry 4. afterwards H. 5. 6 Henry of Windsor , the sonne of Henry 5. afterwards H. 6. 7 Edward of Westminster , the sonne of K. H. 6. 8 Edward of Westminster , the sonne of K. Edw. 4. 9 Edward , the sonne of K. Richard the third . 10 Arthur , the sonne of K. Henry the seventh . 11 Henry , the sonne of K. H. 7. afterwards K. H. 8. 12 Edward , the sonne of H. 8. afterwards K. Edw. 6. 13 Mary , the daughter of K. H. 8. 14 Elizabeth , the daughter of K. H. 8. 15 HENRY , the sonne of K. IAMES our Soveraigne . THE NAMES OF THE COVNTIES IN WALES ( AS THEY ARE NOVV NVMBRED , AND ANNEXED VNTO THE ENGLISH Crowne ) in such order as we have described them . 1 Pembroke-shire . 2 Caermarden-shire . 3 Glamorgan-shire . 4 Brecknock-shire . 5 Radnor-shire . 6 Cardigan-shire . 7 Mountgomery-shire . 8 Merioneth-shire . 9 Denbigh-shire . 10 Flint-shire . 11 Caernarvon-shire . 12 Anglesey Isle . THE GENERALL DESCRIPTION , AND SEVERALL DIVISIONS OF THE PRINCIPALITIE OF WALES . ANtiquitie hath avouched , that the whole Isle of Britaine was divided into three parts . The first and fairest lay contained within the French Seas , the Rivers of Severne , Dee , and Humber , called then Lhoyger , which name it ●●t retaineth in We●sh ; in English called England . The second part occupied all the Land North-ward from Humber to the Orkney Sea , called by the Latines , Mare Cale●nium , or Deucalidonium , now famously known by the name of Scotland The third part was this , lying betwixt the Irish Seas , the Rivers Severne and Dee , and was called Cambria , which name doth yet continue with them , though we , the English , call it Wales , as the people Welshmen , which is , strange and strangers ; for so at this day the dwellers of Tyroll in the higher Germany , whence our Saxons are said to have come , doe name the Italian ( their next neighbour ) a Welsh-man , and his language Welsh . ( 2 ) This opinion Verstegan doth altogether contradict , rather judging by the ancient Teutonicke tongue , which the Germans spake and wherein the G is pronounced for W that these Saxons called them Gallish from the Gaules , whence their originall proceeded , rather then Wallish from strangers : which he thinketh could not be , considering their habitations so neere unto them ; and that the like was in use , he proveth by the words of French , Gardian for Wardian , Cornugalles for Cornwalles , yea , and Galles for Wales , calling our most famous Edward , Prince of Galles , not Prince of Wales ; in so much that the Countie of Lombardy , bordering along upon the Germans , was of them called Gall●a Cis al●ina , and at this day Welsh-land . So likewise do the Netherlanders call the Inhabitants of Hen●li and Artois , Wallen or Wallons , and s●me part of Brabant and Flanders , We●sh-Brabant , and Welsh Flanders , and all because of the language or lineage of the Gaules . Neither doe the meere Natives of Wales know any other name of their Countrey then Cambria of themselves , then Cambri or Cumri , or of their language then Cambraoc . But leaving this opinion free to his affection , we will proceed . ( 3 ) Wales therefore being anciently bounded as before , the Saxons did afterwards win by force from the Britaines , all the plain and champion Countrey over the River Dee ; and especially Offa King of Mercia , made their limits straiter , by making a ditch of great breadth and depth , to be a Meare betwixth his Kingdome and Wales . This ditch is in many places to be seene at this day , and beares the name of Clawdh Offa , that is , Offaes Ditch . The Countrey between it and England is commonly called the Marches , and is for the most part inhabited by Welshmen , especially in North-Wales , even to the River Dee . This admirable trench began at Bassingwerke in Flintshire , between Chester and Ruthlan , and ran along the hils to the South Sea , a little from Bristow , reaching above hundred miles in length . ( 4 ) Silvester Giraldus makes the River Wye to be the Meare between England and Wales , on the South part , called South-Wales : whence he ascribeth the breadth of Wales unto Saint Davids in Menevia , to be an hundred miles ; and the length from Caerlcon upon Vske in Gwentland , to Holly-head in Anglesey , an hundred miles , he might have said thirtie more . ( 5 ) About the yeare of Christ 870. our Alfred raigning in England , Rodericus Magnus King of Wales did divide it into three Talaiths , Regions , or Territories , which were called Kingdomes , whose names both British and English , with their severall chiefe seats , follow . 1 Gwyneth , ENG. Northwa . chiefe seats , Abersraw in Mon. or Anglesey . 2 Powys , ENG. Powys Land. chiefe seats , * Pengw●rn , removed to Mathraval . 3 Dehenbarth , EN . South-w . chiefe seats , Caermar●yn , removed to Dinevowr . This Rodericus Magnus gave Venedotia , Gwineth or North-wales , to * Anarawd his eldes sonne ; to Ca●e●h his second , Demetia , Deheubarth or South-wales ; and to Mervin his third sonne , Powys . ( 6 ) North-wales had upon the North-side , the Irish Sea , from the River Dee at Bassingwerke to Aberdyvi upon the West and South-west , the River Dyvi , which divideth it from South-wales , and in some places from Powysland And on the South and East , it is divided from Powys , sometimes with high hils , and sometimes with Rivers , till it come again to the River Dee . It is generally full of high mountaines , craggy Rocks , great woods , and deepe vallies , many straight dangerous places , deepe and swift Rivers . ( 7 ) This Land was of old time divided into foure parts , * Mon , * Arvon , Meryonyth , and y Beruedhwlan , or the middle Countrey , and each of these were againe divided into severall Cantreves , and they subdivided into their Cymeden or Commo● , wherein we follow that division which was in the time of Llewylyn ap Gruffin , last Prince of Wales , according to a Copy imparted to me by a worshipfull friend * and learned Antiquerie , as seeming farre more exact then that of * Doctor Powels . ( 8 ) Anglesey the chiefest , is separated from the maine Land with the River , Moenay , wherein at Aberfraw was the Princes Court , now a meane village . In this Iland is a faire Towne called Beau-marish , and a common passage to Ireland at Caer●ybi , in English , Holly head . This Anglesey hath ●antreves and Commots as followeth . 1 Cantrerhi Aberffraw or Aberffro , Cwmwd. Llivon al. llion . 1 Mall traeth . 2 2 Can. Cemais . Cwmwd. Talibolton . 3 Twr celyn . 4 3 Can. Rossir . Cwmwd. Tendaethwy . 5 Moenay . 6 ( 9 ) Arvon , the second part of North-wales , is now called Canarvonshire , the strongest Countrey within that Principalitie , giving place to none for fertilitie of the ground , or for plentie of wood , cattell fish , and fowle , &c. Here are the Townes of Caernarvon , in old time called Caer-Segont , and Bangor the Bishops See , with divers other ancient Castles , and places of memory . This portion hath on the North , the Sea and Moenai ; upon the East and South-east , the River Conwey , which divideth it from Denbigh-shire : and on the South-west is separated from Merioneth , by Rivers , Mountaines and Meares ; whose Cantreves and Commots are these . 4 Can. Aber. Cwm. Llechred achaf . 7 Nant conwy . 8 Llechweddisaf . 9 5 Can. Arvon . Cwm. Vwch gwyrfai . 10 Is gwyrfai . 11 6 Can. Dinodyn . al Danodic . Cwm. Ardudwy . 12 Esionydd . 13 7 Can. Llyn . Cwm. Cymymaen , alias Cwm●inam . 14 Tinllaen . 15 Canologion . 16 ( 10 ) Merioneth was the third of Gwyneth , and keepeth the name till this day : is full of hils , and much noted for the resort of people that repaire thither to take Herrings . Upon the North it hath Arvon and Denbigh-shire ; upon the South , Caerdigan shire ; and upon the Last , Montgomery-shire , heretofore part of Powys . In this Countie standeth the Towne of Harlech , and a great Lake called Llyn Tegyd . This Countrey is likewise full of Cattle , Fowle , and Fish ; and hath in it great store of red Deere and Ro●s , but there is much scarcitie of Corn : whose Cantreves and Commots are as followeth . 8 Can. Merionyd , al Meirton . Cwm. Talybont . 17 Pennal . 18 Yshm●ner , alias eshomaneyr . 19 9 Can. Arwystly . Cwm. Vwch coed . 20 Is coed . 21 Gwarthrynion . 22 10 Can. Penllyn . Cwm. Vwch Meloch . 23 Is Meloch . 24 Micnynt , a Micnaint . 25 ( 11 ) Y Bervedhwlad was the fourth part of Gwyneth , and may be called in English , The middle Countrey : is enclosed with hils , on the East , West , and South-parts , and with the Sea North-ward . It is plentifull of Cattle , Fish and Fowle , as also of Corne : and is divided in the middest with the River Clayd ▪ to which run a number of other Rivers from the hils . In this part is Dyffryn Clwyd , the fairest Valley within Wales , containing * eighteene miles in length , and seven in breadth . In which is the Towne and Castle of Ricthlan , neere unto the Sea ; and not farre thence , S. Assaph , an Episcopall Seat , betweene the Rivers Clwyd and Elwy . Herein stands the faire Towne and goodly Castle of Denbigh , situated upon a Rocke , the greatest Market-towne of North wales : and from thence is seene the Towne and Castle of Rutbyn , faire for prospect , and fruitfull for site . This part of North-wales , hath the Sea upon the North ; d ee toward the East ; Arvon , the River Conwey , and Merionyth upon the West ; and the Countrey then called Powys , upon ths South . It hath Cantreves and Cummots , as ensuing 11 Can. Rhysonioc al Rhywyniawc . Cwm. Vwch aled , al. alech . 26 is aled , al. alech . 27 12 Cant. Ystrat . Cwm. Hiraethoc . 28 Cynmeircb . 29 13 Can. Rhos . Cwm. Vwch●ulas . 30 Is dulas . 31 Ycrcuddyn . 32 14 Can. dyffrynn . Clwyd . Cwm. Oleon , al. Cwmwt colian v●l Colegion . 33 Lian arth , al. Cwmwt ●annerch . 34 Ruthun . 35 Dogscilyn additur Cwm. Ystrat . 36 15 Can Tegaingl . Cwm. Inglefeild in Flint , Cwnallt , al. Cwmwt cwmseled , or cownsyllt . 37 Prestatum , al. cwmwt prestan . 38 Rhudhlan . 39 And these were the Meares and bounds of the foure parts of Venedotia , Gwineth , or North-wales . map of Wales WALES 1 Can. Y. Barwm . Cwm. Dinmael . 1 Edeirnion . 2 Glyndy●●rdwy . 3 2 Can. Y. Rhiw . Cwm. Ial . 4 Ystrat alun . 5 Yrhob . 6 3 Can Vwch . nant . Cwm. Maelor gymraci . 7 Maelor saesonec . 8 Merfford in Flintshire . 9 4 Can. Trefred . Cwm. Croes vain . 10 Treu Owain . 11 Croes Oswall . 12 5 Can. Rhoyader . Cwm. Mochnant is rhayadyr . 13 Cynllaith . 14 Nanbeudwy . 15 ( 13 ) The second part of Powis , or the Territorie belonging to Mathraval , is Powis betweene Wye and Severne , ( or Gwy and Hauren ) whereof some is at this day in Montgomery-shire , some in Radnor-shire , and some in Brecknock-shire ▪ and among sundry other , hath these Townes and Castles following . Moantgovery : The Castle of Clin : The Towne of Knighton : The Castle of Cymaron : Presteyn : The towne and Castle of Radnor , called in Welsh , Ma●syvet , which is at this day the Shire-towne : The towne of Kinton , and the Castle of Huntingdon . The Cantreves and Commots are in number and name as ensueth . 6 Can. Melienyd . Cwm. Ceri . 16 Swyd dugr al. seyd y gre . 17 Triallalli al. Rhy . VVallakt . 18 Glyn Ieitbton . 19 7 Can. Elfael . Cwm. Vwch myn yah . 20 Is mynydb . 21 Llechdyunoc . 22 8 Can. Y. Clawd . Cwm. Dyffryn Tyvediad al. Teyvediat . 23 Swyddinogion al. dhyuogen . 24 Penwellt . 25 9 Can. Buellt . Cwm. Swyd y drevlys . 26 Swyd y bham . 27 I●yrron al. isyrwon . 28 ( 14 ) The third part belonging to Mathraval ( chiefe seat of Powys , after the Welsh were driven from Pengwern or Shrewsbury ) was Powys Wenwynwyn ; a Countrey full of Woods , Hils , and Rivers , having in it among others , the townes of Welsh , Poole , Newtowne , Machinlbaeth : Arustly was anciently in this part , but afterward it came to the Princes of Gwyneth . The Cantreves and Commots thereof ensue . 10 Can. Y. Virnwy . Cwm. Mochnant vwchrhayadr . 29 Mechamis coed . 30 Llanner hudol . 31 11 Can. ystlys al. ystlic . Cwm. Deudwr . 32 Gordwrisalh . 33 Gordwr uchau . 34 Ystrat marchell . 35 12 Can. Llyswynau . Cwm. Caer Einion . 36 Mechain Vwchcoed . 37 13 Can. Cydewen . Cwm. Cynan . 38 Hauren . 39 14 Can. Cynan . Cwm. Cyfe●lioc . 40 Mawdhwy . 41 This may suffice , for the description of that which in old time was called Gwyneth and Powys . ( 15 ) It now remaineth that we describe the last Kingdome of Wales , called Demetia , Deheubarth , or the Telaith of Dinevowr , which although it was the greatest , yet was it not the best , because it was much molested with Flemings & Normans , and for that also divers parts thereof would not obey their Prince , as in Gwent , and in Morganwc . ( 16 ) This was subdivided into six parts , of which Caerdigan was the first , and is a Champion Countrey , without much wood . It hath Merionyth shire on the North : part of Powys upon the East : Carmarden-shire and Pembroke-shire , with the River Tivi , upon the South : and upon the West the Irish Sea. In this part is the towne of Cardigan upon Tivi , not farre from the Sea ; as also the towne of Aberystwyth upon the River Istwyth ; and Lhanbadarnevawr , which in times past was a great Sanctuary : there were also many Castles ; as of Stra●meyrie , of Walter , of Llanrysted , of Dynerth , and of Aber Roydoll , &c. The Cantreves and Commots of Caerdigan are thus reckoned . 1 Can. Pennedic al. Penwedic . Cwm. Geneur glyn . 1 Per●ed . 2 Creudyn 3 2 Can. Canawl . Cwm. Mefenyd . 4 Anhiniawc al. Anhunec . 5 Pennarih . 6 3 Can. Cadell al. Cadall . Cwm. Mab wynion . 7 Cacrwedros . 8 4 Can. Isirwern al. Syrwen . Cwm. Gwinionyd . 9 Iscoed . 10 ( 17 ) The second part was called Dyvett , and is at this day Penbroke-shire . It hath upon the North and West , the Irish Sea ; upon the East , Carmarden-shire ; and upon the South , Severne . There are in it sundry Townes and Havens : among others , these : Penbroke : Tinby : Here●ord West , with the goodly and many branched Haven of Milford , called in VVelsh , Aberdaugledhett : S. Davids , or Meuevia , which is the chiefest See in Wales : Fiscard , called Abcrwayn : and Nowport , named Tresda●th . The Cantreves and Commots thereof are thus accounted . Dyved . 1 Can. Emlyn . Cwm. Vmch cuch . 6 Is cuch . 7 Esaellevaethyr , al. Lethet●yr . 8 2 Can. Aberth . Cwm. Penthyn ar elais . 9 Esgair olyse al. estcrokf . 10 Talacharn . 11 3 Can. Dangleden . Cwm. Amgoed . 12 Pennant . 13 Ef●lffre . 14 4 Can. Coed . Cwm. Llanhacheden . 15 Castollgwis . 16 5 Can. Penuro . Cwm. Co●dir baf . 17 Ma●nor vyrr. 18 Penuro . 19 6 Can. Rhos . Cwm. Hwlffordh . 20 Castell gwalchmai . 21 y garn . 22 7 Can. Pebidiaw . Cwm. Mynyw . 23 Pen caer . 24 Pebidioc . 25 8 Can. Camais . Cwm. Vwch nefer . 26 Is nefer . 27 Trefdraeth . 28 9 Can. Finior . Cwm. Harsryn . 29 Dersed . 30 ●●●geneny . 31 ( 18 ) The third par● was Caermarden-shire , which is a Countrey accounted the strongest part of all South-wales : as that which is full of high mountaines , great woods , and faire rivers , divided into these parts ensuing . 10 Can. Phinioc . Cwm. Hirsryn . 32 Peruedh . 33 Is cenhen . 34 11 Can. Eginoc . Cwm. Gwhyr . 35 Cydweli . 36 Carnwyllion . 37 12 Can. Bychan . Cwm. Mallaen . 38 Caed . 39 Maenor deivi al. Deilo . 40 13 Can. Mawr . Cwm. Cethinioc . 41 Mab eluyd al. El●yw . 42 Mab V●hdrud . 43 ( 19 ) The fourth , called Morganwc , now Glamorgan-shire , hath on the South , the Severne Sea , which divideth it from Devon-shire and Corne-wall : upon the West and North-west . Caermarden-shire : upon the North-east , Brecknock shire ; and upon the East , Monmouth-shire : whose Cantreves and Commots are as followeth . Morgannwe . Rhw●g Neth a Thawy . 44 14 Cronerth . al. Cronarth . Cwm. Rhwng Neth ac avan . 45 Tir ythwndred . 46 Tir yrbarll . 47 Macnor glyn Ogwr . 48 Meliscen . 49 15 Can. Pen. ythew . Cwm. Glynn Rhodne . 50 Macnor daly van al. talavan . 51 Macnor Rhuthun . 52 16 Can. Brenhinawl . Cwm. Cibwrn . 53 Saing henyd . 54 Vwch Cayach . 55 Is Cayach . 56 17 Can. Gwennllws . Cwm. Yr Haid , al. yr hard ganol . 57 Cenawl . 58 Cithas , al. eitha● dylg gion . 59 dlygton . 60 ( 20 ) The fifth , now called Gwent , and in Monmouth-shire , hath in it the ancient Citie of Caerlheon upon Vsk. There ae also divers Towns and Castles , as Chepstow , Glynstrygul , Ros , Tynterne upon the River Wye , &c. This is a faire and fertile Countrey . It hath on the West , Glamorgan and Brocknock-shires : upon the North , Hereford-shire : upon the East , Glocester-shire : with the River Wye and the River Severne upon the South and South-east : whose division is as followeth . 18 Can. vch coet gwent . Cw . Vwchmynydh . 61 yt ●oed . 62 Llefynyd . 63 Tref y grue . 64 19 Can. Iscoed . Cwm. Bryn Bugas . 65 Vwchcoed . 66 Ytairlief . 67 Ergin . 68 Enas . 69 Cantreu Coch , or Forrest Avena , the Forrest of Deane . 70 ( 21 ) The last is Brecknock-shire , for the most part full of mountaines , woods , and rivers . This Countrey is both great and large , being full of faire Plaines and Vallyes for Corne : it hath plentie of thicke VVoods , Forrests , and Parkes . It is full also of cleare and deepe Rivers , of which Severne is the chiefest , although there be other faire Rivers , as Vske and the like . Brychee vioc . 20 Can. Selyf . Cwm. Selyf . 71 Trahayarne . 72 21 Can. Canawl . Cwm. Talgarth . 73 Ystrat yw . 74 Eglwys Iaiil or Brwynllys . 75 22 Can. Mawr . Cwm. Tir Ranwlff al. Raulph . 76 Lliwel . 77 Cruc Howel 30. 78 ( 22 ) Thus farre concerning the ancient Welsh division by Talaiths Cantreves , and Commots : but the present division distributeth them more compendiously into two Countries , and twelve Shires , enacted so by Parliament under King * Henry the eight . The Countries are North-wales and South-wales , which have shared , and as it were devoured between them , all Powys-land ; each of which Countries containes sixe Shires . North-wales . Angelesey . South-wales . Caerdigan . North-wales . Caernarvon . South-wales . Pembroke . North-wales . Merionyth . South-wales . Carmarden . North-wales . Denbigh . South-wales . Glamorgan . North-wales . Flint . South-wales . Brecknocke . North-wales . Montgomery . South-wales . Radnor . But whereas Monmouth-shire , and Radnor , were anciently parts , the first of South-wales , the other of Powys-land : Monmouth-shire by * Act of Parliament also under the same King , was pluckt away wholly from Wales , and laid to England , one of whose Counties and Shires , it was from that time forward , and is at this present reckoned ; and Radnor-shire ( as it were in lieu thereof ) is comprehended in South-wales . Humphrey Hluyd a Welsh Gentleman , in his Epistle and Map of old Wales , maketh mention of a West-wales , which he calleth Demetia and Dyfer , the one the Latine , and the other the British name thereof : but because it is wholly swallowed up by this last division , we will not perplexe the Reader with superfluous and impertinent recitals . PEMBROKE-SHIRE . CHAPTER III. PEMBROKE-SHIRE , the furthest Promontorie of all West-Wales , lieth parted on the North from Cardigan-shire with the Rivers Tyuy and Keach ; and on the East is confronted by Caermarden-shire ; the South and West shooting farre into the Irish Seas , is with the same altogether washed . ( 2 ) The forme thereof is longer then it is broad ; for from S. Gouens South-point to Cardigan-bridge in the North , are twenty sixe miles ; the Easterne Landenie to Saint Davids point in the West , are twenty , the whole in circumference is ninety-three miles . ( 3 ) The ayre is passing temperate , by the report of Giraldus , who confirmeth his reason from the site of Ireland , against which it butteth , and so neer adjoyned , that King Rufus thought it possible to make a bridge of his ships over the Sea , whereby he might passe to Ireland on foot . ( 4 ) Anciently it was possessed by the Demetia , further branched into Cardigan and Caermarden-shires , as in that County hath beene said , and in the Saxons Conquest and Heptarchie , by the Britaine 's forced into those parts for refuge , whither Henry the first , and third of the Normans King , sent certaine Flemings ( whose Countrey was overwhelmed with the breaking in of the Seas ) to inhabit the maritime Tract called Rosse , lying West upon the River Dougledye . These Dutchmen ( saith Giraldus ) were a strong and stout Nation , inured to warres , and accustomed to seeke gaine by Clothing , Traffique , and Tillage , and ever ready for the Field to fight it out : adding withall that they were most loyall to the English , and most faithfull to the English-men . Whereupon Malmesbury writeth thus : Many a time did King William Rufus assaile the Welsh , but ever in vain : which is to be wondred at , considering his other fortunate successe . But ( saith he ) it may be the unevennesse of the ground , and sharpnesse of the aire , that maintained their courage , and impeached his valour : which to redresse , King Henry his brother found means ; for those Flemings , who in regard of his mothers kindred by the Fathers side , sorely pestred and endammaged the English , he sent into Wales , both to purge and disburden his own Kingdome , and to quell and keepe backe the courage of his enemies . These then here seated , deceived not his expectation , but so carried themselves in his quarrell , that they seldome communicated with their neighbors , so that to this day they speake not the Language , and the Countrey is yet called Little England beyond Wales . ( 5 ) The commodities of this Shire are Corne , Cattle , Sea-fish , and Fowle , and in Giraldus his daies of saleable wines , the Havens being so commodious for ships arrivage : such is that at Tenby , and Milford , an Haven of such capacitie , that sixteene Creeks , five Bayes , and thirteene Roads , known all by severall names , are therein contained , where Henry of Richmond , of most happy memory , arrived with signall hopes of Englands freedom from under the government of an usurping Tyrant . ( 6 ) Neer unto this is Pembroke the Shire-towne seated , more ancient in shew then it is in years , and more houses without Inhabitants , then I saw in any one City throughout my Survey . It is walled longwise , and them but indifferent for repair , containing in circuit eight hundred and fourescore pases , having three gates of passage , and at the West end a large Castle , and locked-causey , that leads over the water to the decaied Priorie of Monton . The site of this Towne is in the degree of Longitude , as Mercator doth measure , 14. and 55. minutes , and the elevation from the North-pole in the degree of Latitude 52. ( 7 ) A City as barren is old Saint Davids , neither clad with Woods , nor garnished with Rivers , nor beautified with fields , nor adorned with Meadows , but lieth alwaies open both to winde and stormes . Yet hath it been a Nursery to holy men ; for herein lived Calphurnius , a Britaine Priest , whose wife was Concha , sister to Saint Martin , and both of them the parents of Saint Patricke the Apostle of Ireland . Deui a most religious Bishop , made this an Archiepiscopall See , removed from Isca Legionum . This the Bitaines call Tuy Dwey , the house of Deui ; the Saxons , Dauyo Mynden ; we Saint Davids ; A Citie with few Inhabitants , & no more houses then are inserted in the draught ; yet hath it a faire Cathedrall Church , dedicated to S. Andrew and David , in the middest of whose Quier lieth entombed Edmund Earle of Richmond , father to K. Henry the seventh : whose Monument ( as the Prebends told me ) spared their Church from other defacements , when all went down under the hammers of King Henry the eight . About this is a faire wall , and the Bishops Palace all of free stone , a goodly house I assure you , and of great receit , whose uncovered tops cause the curious workes in the walles daily to weepe , and them to feare their downfall ere long . ( 8 ) But Monton the Priory , and S. Dogmels , places of devout piety erected in this Countie , found not the like favour , when the commission of their dissolutions came down against them , and the axes of destruction cut down the props of their walles . ( 9 ) This Shire hath been strengthned with sixteen Castles , besides two Block-houses , commanding the mouth of Milford Haven , and is stil traded in five Market-towns , being divided into seven hundreds and in them seated one hundred fourty five Parish-Churches , as in the Table annexed followeth . map of Pembrokeshire PENBROKSHYRE described AND THE SITTUATIONS both of PENBROKE and St. DAVIDS shewed in due form as they were taken by Iohn Speed ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes , Rivers , and memorable places mentioned in Pembroke-Shire . HVNDREDS in Pembroke-shire . 1. KIlgarran . 2. Kemes 3. Dewyslave . 4. Dungledy . 5. Rowse . 6. Narberth . 7. Castle-Martyn A Ambleston , Dung. Amrothe , Nar. S. Anne chappell , Rows . S. Ayluew , Dew . B Bayuill , Kem. Benton castle , Rows . Bigelly , Nar. The Bishop and his Clarks , Dew Bletherstone , Dung. Blookhouse , Cast. Blookhouse , Rows . Boheston , Nar. Bolton hill , Rows . Bosherston , Cast. Boyuill , Kem. S. Brides , Rows . S. Brides Island , Rows . Broad haven , Cast. Brody , Dew . Brydell , Kil . Bulston , Dung. Burlaxton , Cast. Burton , Rows . C Caldey Island , Cast. Camros , Rows . Cannaston , Nar. Capell colman , Kil . Capell Kiluerwir , Kil . Capell castelhan , Kil . Capell Michangell , Kem. Capell Daniells , Cast. Capell Gorid , Dew . South Carew , Cast. Carew , Nar. Castle-bighe , Kem. Castle-henry , Kem. Castle-martin , cast . Castle-male , Kem. S. Catherins , Dew . Clarbeston , Dung. Cleydei , Kil . Clethy flu . Clothy flu . Coidrath forrest , Nar. Coidhenles , Nar. Cosheston , cast . The Cow and the Calfe , Dew . Creno , Nar. Creswell , Nar. Crosford , cast . Crunuaier , Nar. Crynowe , Dung. D Dale , Rows . Dale rock , Rows . S. DAVIDS , Dew . S. Davids head , Dew . S. Dogmels , Kem. S. Dogwells , Dew . Doluath haven , Dew . Dungledye flu . Dynas , Kem. Dynas head , Kem. Dynnaston , Nar. E Earware , Nar. S. Edryns , Dew . Egremond , Nar. Egloiswithen , Kem. Eglosserow , Kem. S. Eluywes , Dew . Esington , cast . F Ferye house , Cast. FISHGARD , Kem. The Fleete , cast . S. Florens , cast . The Flit , cast . Flymston , cast . Freistrope , Rows . Fresh-water , cast . Fresh-water Flu. G Gateholme Island , Rows . Gelswicke , Rows . Giltor point , cast . Goltop rode , Rows . S. Gowers , cast . S. Gowers point , cast . Graftone , Dew . Gromsfreston , Nar. Gupton , cast . Gwyne flu . H Haiscastle , Dew . Haradstone , alias S. Ismaells , Row. Harberston , Rows . Hareston wes● , Rows . Harismote , Kem. Hascard , Rows . Little Haven , Rows . HAVERFORD WEST , Row Hentl●nd , cast . Hockwood . Rows . Hoge●ton , cast . The Horse , Dew . Haberston , Rows . I Iameston , cast . Iohnson , Rows . Iordanston , Dew . Iesfreston , Nar. S. Ismaells , Rows . S. Issells , Nar. K S. Katerens rock , cast . S. Katterns , Dew . Keach Flu. Keirkmale , cast . Keirkmahern , cast . Keuen bryn , Kil . Kilguyne , Kem. Kilgarran , Kil . Kilpaston , cast . Kilredin , Kil . Kiluane , Nar. Kingsrode , Rows . Knowlton , Rows . L Lady Chappell , cast . Lamston , Rows . Llanbederuerfrey , Nar. Llandeloy , Dew . Llandewy , Nar. Llandisillio , Dung. Llandilo , Kem. Llanedryn , Dew . Llangan , Dung. Llanglas head , Dew . Llangolman , Kem. Llangone , Rows . Llanhaddon , Dung. Llanhowell , Dew . Llanllawharne , Kem. Llanpeter , Nar. Llanrythan , Dew . Llanryan , Dew . Llanstadwell , Rows . Llanstynan , Dew . Llantfray , Cast. Llantfray court , Cast. Llantood , Kil . Llanuair nantygove , Kem. Llanuallteg , Dung. Llanuienaghe , Kem. Llanuihangell penpedo , Kil . Llanunda , Dew . Llanuurnach , Kil . Llanwrenny , Nar. Llanychaeth , Kem. Llanychlloydog , Kem. Llanykeuen , Dung. Lamphey , Cast. Lamston , Rows . Lawhaden , Dung. Lawreny , Nar. S. Lawrence , Dew . S. Leonards Chappell , Dung. Letterston , Dew . Leuaston , Cast. Loueston , Nar. Ludchurch , Nar. Ludsop , Cast. Ludsop point , Cast. Lynyerew , Cast. Lly●yuran , Dung. M Maunclochog , Kem. Manachllogddy , Kem. Mauerbyre , Cast. Manernawen , Dew . S. Margrets Chappell , Rows . Marlas , Rows . Martletwy , Nar. Meherye hill , Nar. Meherye Castle , Nar. Melyney , Kem. Menerdyuy , Kil . Merian , Cast. Mewston , Rows . Milford haven , Rows . Midland Island , Rows . Moelgroue , Kem. Monington , Kem. Morthry , Dew . Moruill , Kem. The More , Kem. Mouncton , Nar. Mouncton , Cast. Mucton Chappell , Nar. Munkerston rocke , Nar. Mynwere , Nar. N Nangle , Cast. Nantgwyne , Kem. Narberth , Nar. Narberth forrest , Nar. Nashe , Cast. Nesseton , Rows . Nuerne Flu. Neuerne , Kem. Newcastle , Kem. Newmoate , Dung. NEWPORT , Kem. Newton , Rows . Newton , Cast. Newton , Nar. S. Nicholas , Dew . Nolton , Rows . S. Nones , Dew . Northard , Cast. Northard , Cast. O Orleton , Cast. Osmaston , Dung. P Paterchurch , Cast. Penallye , Cast. PENBROCK . Cast. Pencelly vych●n , Kem. Penkenmas point Kem. Penner west , Cast. Penner east , Cast. Penner mouth , Cast. Penrith , Kil . Pentuaen , Kem. Percely hill , Kem. S. Petrox , Cast. Pickton castle Dung. Plumston rock , Rows . Pontuaine , Kem. Popton east , Cast. Popton west , Cast. Portolais , Dew . Pouchardston , Kem. Prendergast , Dung. The Priory , Rows . Pulchrochan , Cast. Pylles , Rows . R Ramsey Island , Dew . Rate Island , Cast. Redboxton , Dung. Red castle , Nar. Redhart . Rednalston , Nar. Rieston , Dew . Rihye rock , Dew . Rise castle point , Dung. Robeston , Nar. Robeston , Rows . Roche , Rows . Roche castle , Rows . Roche castle hill , Rows . Roscrochan , Cast. Rosse Market , Rows . Rynoston , Dung. Rywalton , Nar. S Sandy , Rows . Sandy haven , Rows . Scaline Island , Rows . Sheepe Island , Rowse . Shirlate rock , Dew . Sister houses , Nar. Slebeche , Dung. Spittell , Dung. Stack rocke , Cast. Stackpole , Cast. Stackpoole orde , Cast. S. Stevens , Dew . Steynton● Rows . Stokeholme Island , Rows . Strumblehead , Dew . T Telbeny , Rows . Templeton , Nar. Trauegare , Dew . Trelloyne , Cast. Treuenyth , Dew . Treuethell , Kem. Trewgarne , Rows . Trewent , Cast. S. Twynelles , Cast. TYNBY , Nar. Tyuy Flu. V Vggarston mill , Cast. Vpton , Nar. W Wallwyn castle , Rows . Walton , Rows . Walton , Dung. Whitchurch , Kem. Whitechurch , Dew . Whitsand bay , Dew . Williamston , Nar. Wiston , Dung. Withamston parke , Nar. Woram , Cast. Wrennyuair hill , Kil . Y Yarbeston , Nar. Yardlandstone , Rows . CAERMARDEN-SHIRE . CHAPTER IIII. CAERMARDEN-SHIRE , so called from the chiefe Town Caermarden , lyeth bordered upon the North with Cardiganshire , upon her East , by Breknock and Glamorgan-shires ; upon the South , with a Bay of the British Seas ; and upon the West with Pembroke-shire . ( 2 ) The forme of this County is long , and shooteth it selfe from the South-west into the North and by-East , betwixt whose furthest bounds are thirtie-five English miles , and in her broadest part twentie ; the whole in circumference about one hundred and two miles . ( 3 ) This Shire is not altogether so pestred with hils as her bordering neighbours are : and those that she hath , neither so high nor so thicke , and therefore is better for Corn and Pasturage , yea and in Woods also , so that for victuals this Countrey is very well stored , which the stomacke doth as well digest , the aire being wholesome , temperate , and pleasing . ( 4 ) Anciently these parts were possessed by the Dimetre , as P●olemie , Gildas , and Ninius doe name them : though Plinie holds opinion that they were part of the Silures , with whom no doubt they were subdued to the Romanes yoke by Iulius Frontinus , when he struggled with the rocky hils in those Southerne parts . And this Countie is accounted by Writers to be the very strength of South-wales . In the West thereof , at Kilmanlloid ( as it should seeme ) their Legions kept , where lately an earthen Pot hoarded with store of Romane Coynes , was by the spade digged up , being stamped upon imbased silver , from the time of Commodus unto the first Tribuneship of Gordian the third , which fell in the yeere of Christ two hundred fortie three : and amongst these were the Coines of Helvius Pertinax , Marcus Opellius , Antonius Diadumenianus , Iulius Verus Maximus , the sonne of Maximus , of Caelius Balbinus , of Clodius Pupienus , of Aquilia Severa , the wife of Heliogabalus , and of Sall. Barbia Orbiana , pieces rarely found . ( 5 ) The commodities of this Shire chiefly consist in Cattle , Pit-coale , Fowle , and Sea-fish , whereof the Salmon is common among them , and that of such greatnesse and plentie , as no place is better furnished therewith then the Shire-Town Caermarden is . ( 6 ) Which Towne by Ptolemie is called Maridunum ; by Antonine the Emperour , Muridunum ; by the Britaines , Caerfridhin ; and by us , Caermarden . It is pleasantly seated upon the South-west side of the River Touy , that runneth thorow the middest of this Shire , and falleth South from hence into the British Sea , where before-times was a convenient Haven for Ships arrivage , but now is sore pestred with sands and shelfes : notwithstanding some small Vessels ascend up the River , even unto the Bridge of this Towne , which is fairely built of free stone . And over the same , upon a hanging Rocke , standeth a very large Castle , from whose stone-wall another intermingled with brick rangeth about the Towne , being in circuit one thousand and foure hundred paces . The Inhabitants of this place doe not a little glory of their Merlin , who ( as they say ) was therein borne , the sonne of a bad Angel , or of an Incubus spirit , the Britaines great Apollo , whom Geffrey ap Arthur would ranke with the Scoth-saying Seer , or rather with the true Prophets themselves ; being none other then a meere Seducer and phantasticall Wizard : which howsoever Alani de Insulis in his Commentaries hath laboured to unlock those darke and hidden Similies , wherewith his book is pestred and full , yet was it not without cause forbid the reading by the Councell of Tren● , as vaine , and not worthy of countenance or credit . At the entrance of the Normans , this Towne was brought under their obedience , and for a long time was distressed with the calamities of warre , yet afterwards was made by the English Princes the Chauncery and Exchequer for all South-wales : and at this day is yeerely governed by a Major , who ever after is an Alderman and Justice of the Peace , two Sheriffes elected out of sixteene Burgesses , all of them in skarlet , a Sword-bearer , a Town-clerke , and two Sergeants with Maces : from whence the Pole is raised 52. degrees 15. minutes in Latitude , and for Longitude is in the degree 15. and 30. minutes from the first point in the West , according to Mercator . ( 7 ) East from this place are the ruines of Carreg-Castle , which stood mounted on a high hill , under the which many vaults and spacious Caves farre into the ground are seene , wherein is thought the people unable to fight , were therein secured in time of their warres . Where also is a Well ( take the report from Giraldus , who writeth it ) that in this place twice in foure and twentie houres ●bbing , and twice flowing , resembleth the unstable motions of the maine Sea. ( 8 ) This Shire is watered with twenty-eight Rivers and Riverets of name , strengthened with ten Castles , traded in six Market-Towns , divided into six Hundreds , wherein are seated fourescore and seven Parish-Churches , whose names are inserted in the Table following . map of Carmarthenshire Anno Domini 1010 CAERMARDEN Both Shyre and Towne described ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes , Rivers , and memorable places mentioned in Caermarden-shire . HVNDREDS in Caermarden-shire . 1. CAthinok . 2. Cayo . 3. Perueth . 4. Kidwellye . 5. Elluet . 6. Derllys . A Abarmarlas , Cayo . Abergerlech , Cathinok . Abergwillye , Elluet . Aberwenly , Kidwell . Amond Flu. B Bachhannis Island , Kidwell . Bettus , Kidwell . Bettus , Elluet . Brane Flu. Brechua ygothy , Cathinok . C CAERMARDEN , Elluet . Caier Flu. Calicote point , Kidwell . Cardyth Forest , Derllys . Castle Carreg , Kidwell . Carthkenye Flu. Cledagh Flu. S. Cleres , Derllys . Combeny Flu. Comgwilye , Elluet . Conwill Elluet , Elluet . Conwillgaio , Cayo . Cothy Flu. Cowen Flu. D Denever Castle , Cayo . Capell Dewye , Kidwell . Dulas Flu. Dulas Flu. Dalashe Flu. Druston Castle , Cayo . Capell Duthgye , Kidwell . Castle Dyram , Derllys . E Ebernant , Elluet . Egermont , Derllys . Eglosuaier aching , Derllys . Eglosuaier , Derllys . Eglyskymyn , Derllys . Capell Euan. Elluet . G Glanranelthe , Elluet . Glyn , Kidwell . Golden grove , Kidwell . Capell Gunllo , Kidwell . Gwendrath vaure Flu. Capell Gwenvye ▪ Kidwell . Gwilye Flu. H Hawton , Kidwell . Heullan amgoed , Derllys . I S. Ismaels , Kidwell . S. Ismaels point , Kidwell . Istrad merther , Kidwell . Istradworell , Elluet . Istradwalter , Perueth . Istrodfyne , Perueth . K Keach Flu. Kennarth , Elluet . KIDWELLYE , Kidwell . Kiffike , Derllys . Kilcombe , Cayo . Kilmaenlloid , Derllys . Kilredyn , Elluet . Kilsant , Derllys . Kiluargon , Cathinok . Kilycon , Cayo . L Llanarthney , Kidwell . Llaubrayne , Perueth . Llanboydy , Derllys . Llanbyther , Cathinok . Llandach , Derllys . Llandebea , Kidwell . Llandebye , Kidwell . Capell Llandedery , Kidwell . Llandessillio , Derllys . Llandilo Iskenen , Kidwell . Llandingate , Perueth . Llandingat in Cayo , Cayo . Llandeuaylog , Kidwell . Llandeuayson , Cayo . Llandylo in Peruethe , Perueth . Llandylo abercowen , Derllys . LLANDILO in Cayo , Cayo . Llanedye , Kidwell . Llanegwad in Cathinok , Cathinok . Llanegwad in Elluet , Elluet . Llanellye , Kidwell . LLANELTHYE , Kidwel . LLANGADOKE , Perueth . Llangainge , Derllys . Llangann , Derllys . Llangather , Cathinok . Llangathan , Cayo . Llangeller , Elluet . Capell Llangellbithon , Kidw. Llangenarth , Kidw. Llanghor Flu. Llanglodwen , Derllys . Llangomer , Kidw. Llangynn , Derllys . Llangynderum , Kidw. Llangynnok , Derllys . Llanharne , Derllys . Llanhedy , Derllys . Llanllawthog , Elluet . Capell Llanlloch , Elluet . Llanllonye , Cathinok . Capell Llanpymsent , Cayo . Llanpymsaint , Elluet . Llansadorn , Perueth . Llansadornen , Derl. Llansant , Kidw. Llansawill , Cayo . Llanstephan , Derl. Llantharoke , Kidw. Capell Llanthithgayne , Kidw. Llanthonor , Derl. Llanthowie , Perueth . Llanthoysant , Perueth . Llannun , Kidw. Llanvair arbryn , Perueth . Llanvaier , Derl. Llanualteg , Derl. Llanuenith , Cathinok . Llanvyhangell Abercowen , Derl. Llanvyhangell Orarth , Cathinok . Llanvyhangell Aberbythyth , Kidw. Llanwenye , Derl. Llanwrda , Cayo . Llauwnnyo , Derl. Llanycrise in Cayo , Cayo . Llanycrois in Cathinok , Cathin . Llanyhangell ugwely , Elluet . LLANYMTHEFRY , Perueth . Llanyhangell Roscorne , Cathinok . Lleghdeny , Kidw. Lloynhowell , Cayo . Lloughor Flu. M Marlas Flu. Marros , Derl. Mathern Flu. Merthyr , Elluet . Morlas Flu. Mothvay , Perueth . Muthvey Flu. Mydrym , Derl. N Newcastle Emlyn , Elluet . Newchurch , Elluet . Capell Newith , Perueth . Newton , Cayo . S. Nicholas , Elluet . P Parkreame , Kidw. Penbray poynt , Kidw. Penbeyt , Elluet . Penbrey , Kidw. Capell Pencader , Cathinok . Pencarrek , Cathinok . Pendyne , Derl. Penwernolye , Cathinok . Pescotter Flu. Prenagrois , Kidw. Capell Pylin , Perueth . S Sauthey Flu. T Taue Flu. Talacouth , Elluet . Talley , Cayo . Towa Flu. Towy Flu. Towy haven , Derl. Trausnant , Flu. Treleghe , Elluet . Trynsaren , Kidw. Turch Flu. Turghe Flu. Tylo , Kidw. Tyvy Flu. W Whitland , Derl. GLAMORGAN-SHIRE , as some thinke , named from Prince Morgan the possessor thereof , or according to others , is taken from Morgan an Abbey , founded by William Earle of Gloucester , upon the Sea-shoare in the South of this Shire , lyeth bounded upon that part altogether with the British Sea ; the West by Loghor , is parted from Caermarden-shire ; the North butteth upon the Countie of Breknok ; and the East by Remney is divided from Monmouth . ( 2 ) The forme of this Shire groweth still wider from her West-point , spreading her broadest touch in the East , betwixt which extreames I finde by measure to be well-neere fortie English miles , and from North to South , not altogether twentie : the whole in circumference , about one hundred and twelve miles . ( 3 ) The ayre is temperate , and gives more content to the minde , then the Soile doth fruit or ease unto Travellers . The hils being high and very many , which from the North notwithstanding are lessened as it were by degrees ; and towards the Sea-coasts , the Countrey becommeth somewhat plaine , which part is the best both for plentie of Graine , and populous of Inhabitants . The rest all mountaine , is replenished with Cattle , which is the best meanes unto wealth that this Shire doth affoord ; upon whose Hils you may behold whole Herds of them feeding , and from whose Rocks , most cleere springing waters thorow the vallies trickling , which sportingly doe passe with a most pleasant sound , and did not a little revive my wearied spirits among those vast mountaines , imployed in their search : whose infancy at first admitted an easie step over ; but grown unto strength , more boldly forbad me such passage , and with a more sterne countenance held on their journey unto the British Seas : and Tave among these is accounted for a chiefe . ( 4 ) Upon whose fall , and East-banke , the fairest Towne of all South-Wales is seated , the Britains Caerdid , the English Caerdiffe , which Fitz-Haimon fortified with a Wall and Castle , in the Raigne of King Rufus , when he and his Norman Knights had overcome Rhese the Prince of these parts , and thrust our Iestine from his lawfull possession . This Towne he made his own Seat and Court of Justice , enjoyning his Consorts to give aide to this honour , and to hold their portions in vassallage of him . Strong was the Castle , as by the trust therein reposed may well appeare , where the youngest brother Beauclark kept captive the eldest Curthose , both of them sonnes to the Conquerour , the space of twentie-sixe yeeres . This Castle is large , and in good repaire , whence the Towne-wall went both South and East to the Rivers side , thorow which , foure Gates enter into the foure windes , and contain in compasse nine hundred and twenty pases ; and along the River ( a sure defence ) upon her West side , three hundred more , so that the Towne containeth in circuit twelve hundred and fourescore pases . But as the Tave is a friend to the Towne , in making a Key for arrivage of shipping ; so is she a foe to S. Maries Church in the South , with undermining her foundations , and threatning her fall . The Towne is governed by a Major , yeerely elected out of twelve Aldermen , assisted with other twelve Burgesses , a Town-Clerke , foure Constables , and two Sergeants with Mace : whose site is observed from the North-Starre to lie in the degree of Latitude , 51. and 49. scruples ; and from the first point in the West , 16. and 52. scruples . ( 5 ) In the same graduation almost is sited the Citie Landaf , wherein is a Castle and Cathedrall Church , dedicated to S. Telean , Bishop of the same , without any other memorable matter worthy the speaking of . ( 6 ) But things of strange note are these , by the report of Giraldus , who affirmeth , that In a Rocke or Cliffe upon the Sea-side , and Iland Barry , lying neere the South-East point of this County , is heard out of a little Chinke ( let him take heed what he saith ) the noise as it were of Smiths at their worke ; one whiles the blowing of Bellowes to increase the heat , then the stroakes of the Hammer , and sound of the Anvile ; sometimes the noise of the Grind-stone in grinding of Iron tooles ; then the hissing sparks of Steele-gads , as they flie from their beating , with the puffing noise of flames in a Furnace . And whether this is the place whereof Clemens Alexandrinus speaketh , I determine not ; where in his writings he hath these words : They that have recorded Histories ( saith he ) doe say that in the I le of Britaine , there is a certaine Hole or Cave under the bottome of an hill , and on the top thereof a gaping Chinke , into the which when the wind is gathered , and tossed to and fro in the wombe or concavitie thereof , there is heard above , a sound of Cymbals : for the winde being driven backe from his hole , is forced to make a loud sound at her vent . ( 7 ) More Westward from hence , upon the River Ogmore , and neere unto Newton , in a sandy plaine , about an hundred pases from Severne , there springeth a Well , though not of the clearest water , where at the flowing and fulnesse of the Sea , can hardly any water be gotten ; but at the ebbe and fall of tyde it walloweth up amaine . The cause may be , as Polybius reports of the like at Cadys ; wherein the windie aire , when it is deprived of his wonted issues , forcibly returneth , shutting and stopping up the passages and veines of the Spring , whereby the waters are kept in . But contrariwise , when the surface thereof is voyd and emptie of water , the veines of the Source or Spring are unstopped and set free , which then boyleth up in great abundance . ( 8 ) And upon the same shoare more North and by West , on the top of a hill called Minyd-Margan , is erected a Monument inscribed with a strange Character , and as strange a conceit held thereof by the by-dwellers , whose opinions are possessed , that if any man reade the same , he shall shortly after die . This Shire , as it is the furthest Coast of South-wales , and lay open to sorraine invasion ; so was it fortified with twenty five stronger Castles , whereof times and stormes have devoured the most : such were Barry , Saint Doneits , Denispowes , Morlashe , Meneshe , Loghor , Llāddeny , Llāquian , Oxwich , Oystermouth , Ogmor , Pise , Porkery , Pennarth , Winston , Newcastle , Caerfly , Coche , Peullyn , Kethligarne , Kenfeage , Tallavan , Treer and Cothy . Neither was the County so ill seated for sufficiencie of life , or barren of graine , but that therein were planted places for divine pietie : such were Neeth , Margan , and Caerdif , besides the Episcopall See of Landaf : which last still remaineth ; the other three suppressed among the fall of their like , under King Henry the eight . This Shire is divided into ten Hundreds , wherein are seated sixe Market-Townes , and one hundred and eighteene Parish-Churches , as in the Card and Table annexed , more at large appeareth . map of Glamorganshire GLAMORGAN SHYRE With the sittuations of the cheife towne CARDYFF and ancient LANDAFFE described . ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes , Rivers , and memorable places mentioned in Glamorgan-shire . HUNDREDS in Glamorgan-shire . 1. SWanzey . 2. Llangevelach . 3. Neath . 4. Newcastle . 5. Llantrissent . 6. Caerfily . 7. Ogmor . 8. Cowbridge . 9. Denispowys . 10. Cardif . A ABERAVON , New. Aberdare , Llant. Aberpirgum , Neath . Aberthawe east , Denis . Aberthowe west , Cow. S. Androwes , Denis . Arthurs Buts hill , Llant. Saint Athon Cow. Avon Flu. B Bachhannis Island , Swan . Backinston , Swan . Baglane , Neath . Barry , Denis . Barry Island , Denis . Bettus Chappell , New. Beveerton , Cow. Bewpeere , Cow. Bishopston , Swan . Boulston , Denis . Capell Brathteare , Caerf. Bredruckun , Denis . Parke Brewis , Swan . Saint Brides the great , Ogmor . Saint Brides the lesse , Ogmor . BRIDGEND , New. Saint Brides upon Hay , Denis . Brytton ferry , Neath . Burra Flu. C Cadoxton , Denis . Cadoxton , Neath . Caerfilly Castle , Caerf. Canton , Cardif . Capell Krenant , Neath . CARDIFE , Cardif . Carnllayd , Denis . Cayreh , Cardif . Cheryton , swan . Clase , Llant. Clementson , Ogmor . Cledaugh Flu. Cledaugh Flu. Coche Castle , Caerf. Coidfranke Forest , Lla . Coidemerchan Parke , Deni . Cog , Denis . Cogan , Denis . Coganpill , Denis . Coston , Denis . Cowlston , Ogmor . COWBRIDGE , Cow. Coytie Castle , Newcast . Coytchurch , Newcast . Cunnon Flu. D Denispowis Castle , De. S. Donetts Welsh . Cow. Saint Donetts , Ogmor . Dredruckan , Denis . Dreergusse , Denis . Dulishe Flu. Dunraven , Ogmor . E Eghhelolid , Denis . Egloisbrywis , Cow. Egloissilan , Caerf. Elay Flu. Elay , Denis . Ewenny Flu. F Saint Fagans , Denis . Faldray , Caerf. Flimston , Cow. The Friers , Cardif . Funtgar , Denis . Funnum , Denis . G Saint Georges , Denis . Gilston , Cow. Capell Glodis , Caerf. Glyncorruge , Neath . Gwennowe , Denis . H Hawood aport Chappell , New. Saint Hillary , Cow. The Holme , swan . I Illston , Swan . S. Iohns , Swan . Istradovodock , Llant. Istradowen , Cow. K Kanfigg Castle , Newcast . Kelligate , Caerf. S. Kennets Chappell , Swan . Kethligarne Castle , Og. Kevenmable , Cardif . Kilibebyth , Neath . Kilvay , Swan . Knellston , Swan . Capell Krenant , Neath . L Laleston , Newcast . Lamadoke , Swan . Llanbeder ynro , Denis . Llanbethery , Denis . Llanblethran , Cow. Lancarvan , Denis . Lancod , Denis . Landaph , Cardif . Llandilotalibout , Llang . Llandewy Castle , Swan . Llandogh , Cow. Llandough , Denis . Landow , Ogmor . Landevodock , Ogmor . Llandydock , Newcast . Lanedeme , Cardif . Langan , Ogmor . Llangenyth , Swan . Llangevelach , Llang . Llanginor , Ogmor . Llangoned , Newcast . Llangug , Llang . Langwick , Llan . Llangibach , Llang . Llangyneware , Newc. Lanhary , Cow. Lanharan , Cow. Llanihangell , Covv . Llanihangle , Denis . Lanissen , Cardif . Llanmadok , Svvan . Lannaes , Covv . Llannyenwere , Svvan . Llanquian Castle , Covv . Llanriden , Llan . Llanrydien , Svvan . Lansamlett , Llan . Lansannor , Covv . Llantrissent , Llant. Lantrithed , Denis . Lantroitt Vairdrey , Llant. Lantwit , Covv . Lantwyt , Neath . Lanvabon , Caerf. Lanvedowe , Caerf. Llanverock point , Denis . Lanwuo , Llant. Llanyhangell , Denis . Llanyhylotalibout , Svv. Llanyltiduandray , Llan . Llanylted , Neath . Lanylyd , Covv . Leckwith , Denis . Lisuaure , Cardif . S. Lithams , Denis . Louchor Castle , Svvan . Louchor , Svvan . Lloynigrat , Cardif . Lyswerney , Covv . Llystalabout , Cardif . M Marcroes , Ogmor . S. Mary Church , Covv . S. Maries hill , Ogmor . Margaiu , Newcast . Michalaston , Svvan . S. Michael , Denis . Michellston upon Avon . Neat. Michellston in the pit , Deni . Michelston upon Elay , Denis . Mychellston , Covv . Meneche Castle , Denis . Merther Mawre , Org. Mertherdevan , Denis . Merthir , Caerf. Morgan , Newcast . Morlashe Castle , Caer. Moulton , Denis . Mumbles poynt , Svvan . N Nashe little , Covv . Nashe great , Covv . Nashe poynt , Covv . NEATH , Neath . Neath vauchan Flu. Neath Abbey , Llang . Newcastle , Newcast . Newton Welsh , Covv . Newton Nottage , New. S. Nicholas , Denis . S. Nicholas Town , Svv. Nolton , Newcast . O Ogmore Flu. Ogmore Castle , Svvan . Oystermouth Castle , Svvan . Oystermouth , Svvan . Oxwiche , Svvan . Oxwiche Castle , Svva . Oxwiche poynt , Svva . P Pendoyloni , Covv . Pengwerne , Svvan . Penmaen , Svvan . Penmarke , Denis . Pennarth Castle , Svva . Pennarth poynt , Denis . Pennarth poynt , Svvan . Pennarth , Denis . Pennarth Baye , Denis . Pennarth , Svvan . Penrees , Svvan . Penthery , Llang ▪ Pentrich , Llant. Peterston on the Mount , Ogmor . Peullyn , Ogmor . Pile , Nevvcast . Porteynon , Svvan . Portkirig , Denis . Peterston upon Elay , Denis . R Radyre , Llant. Remgedro glytach , Llang . Resowlay , Neath . Reynalston , Svvan . Rompney Flu. Rosylly , Svvan . Roth , Cardif . Rowse , Denis . Ruddrye , Caerf. S The Spittle , Cardif . Sully , Denis . SWANZEY , Svvan . Swanzey poche , Svvan . Syly , Denis . Sylye Island , Denis . T Tallavant Castle , Covv . Talygarn , Llant. Tave Flu. Thevan , Caerf. Thule Flu. Tilcot , Cardif . Tithegstowne , Nevv . Towye Flu. Treer Castle , Covv . W Walterstown , Denis . Webley , Svvan . Wenny , Ogmor . Wenuor , Denis . West-Gower , Svvan . Whitford poynt , Svvan . Whitchurch , Caerf. Whitchurch , Cardif . Wicke , Ogmor . Winston Castle , Denis . Worleton , Denis . Wormeshead poynt , Svvan . Y Ycheloley , Denis . Ystradowen , Covv . MONMOVTH-SHIRE . CHAPTER VI. MONMOUTH-SHIRE , from Monmouth Town , and that from Monnowe-water bearing name , is altogether inclosed on the North , and is separated from Hereford-shire with the same River , upon the East both it and Wye divides this Countie from Gloucester-shire . The South-side wholly is washed by the Severne Sea , and some of her West part by Rempney is parted from Glamorgan , and the rest lyeth bordered upon by Breknock-shire . ( 2 ) The forme thereof is Scallop-wise , both long and broad , shooting her North point to Llantony , and her South to the fall of Rempney , betwixt which two are twenty-foure English miles : and from Chepstowe East , to Blanagwent West , are not altogether nineteene : the whole in circuit draweth some what neer to seventy-seven miles . ( 3 ) The Ayre is temperate , healthfull and clear , the soyle is hilly , wooddy , and rich , all places fruitfull , but no place barren . The Hils are grazed upon by Cattle and Sheepe , the Vallies are laden with Corne and Grasse , never ungratefull of the Husbandmans paines , nor makes frustrate his hope of expected increase ; whose springs abundantly rising in this County with many streames , doe fatten the soyle even from side to side . ( 4 ) Anciently the Silures inhabited this Shire , whose chiefe Citie by the Emperour Antonine is named Venta Silurum , by the Welsh Caer-went , and was by Tathie the British Saint , made an Academie , and a divine place for worship . So likewise Caer-lion now , once Isca , was , where the second Roman Legion called Augusta lay , as by their Coines , Altars , Tables , and Inscriptions there found , and daily therein digged up , doth evidently appeare . By the report of Giraldus , in this Citie was the Court of great Arthur , whither the Romane Embassadours resorted unto him , and as Alexander Elsebiensis writeth , therein was a Schoole of two hundred Philosophers , skilfull in Astronomie and other Arts. Which is the more credible , for that Amphibalus St. Albans instructer , was therein born , and Iulius and Aaron , two noble Prot●-Martyrs of great Britaine , in this Citie received the crowne of Martyrdome , where their bodies were also interred . But as all things finde their fatall period , so this Citie for beautie , circuit , and magnificall respect is laid in the ruines of her own decay ; neither may any more lament the losse of glory then Monmouths Castle , which captive-like doth yeeld to conquering time . Her down-cast stones from those loftie turrets , do shew what beautie once it bare , standing mounted round in compasse , and within her wals another mount , whereon a towre of great height & strength is built , which was the birth-place of our Conquering Henry , the great Triumpher over France , but now decayed , and from a Princely Castle , is become no better then a regardlesse Cottage . In this Town a beautifull Church built with three Iles is remaining , and at the East end a most curious built ( but now decayed ) Church stands , called the Monks Church : In the Monastery whereof , our great Antiquary Geffrey , surnamed Manmouth , and Ap Arthur , wrote his History of Great Britaine : whose pains as they were both learned and great , so have they bred great pains among the learned both to defend and to disprove . The Townes situation is pleasant and good , seated betwixt the Rivers Monnowe and Wye : three Gates yet stand , besides that Tower or Lock of the Bridge , and a Trench or tract of Wall running betwixt them on each side down to the River , containing in circuit about eight hundred paces . The Towne is in good repayre , and well frequented , governed by a Maior , two Bailiffes , fifteene Common Counsellers , a Towne-Clerke , and two Sergeants for their attendants . It is in Latitude removed from the Equator 52. degrees , and 8. minutes , and from the West-point of Longitude is set in the degree 17.36 . minutes . Religious Houses erected and suppressed in this Shire , for greatest account have been in Caer-lion , Chepstow , Gold-cliffe , Munmouth and Llantony ; which last stood so solitary , and among hils , that the Sunne was not seene to shine there , but onely betwixt the houres of one and three . This Shire is strengthned with fourteen Castles , traded with sixe Market Towns , divided into sixe Hundreds , wherein are situated one hundred twenty and seven Parish Churches , and is not accounted among the Welsh-shires , being subdued by Henry the second , who passing the Nant Pen-carne , a small Brooke and of no danger , yet held fatall by the Welsh , over-credulous to a Prophecie of Merlin Silvester the Brittish Apollo , who had foreshewed that when a stout and frecled fac'd King ( such as Henry was ) should passe over that Ford , then the power of the Welsh-men should be brought under ; whereby their stout courage was soone abated , and the whole Countie the sooner in subjection to the English . The Names of the places in this Shire are expressed in a Table , Alphabetically gathered in the Page ensuing upon the rest of this Map. map of the county of Mounmouth THE COUNTYE OF MONMOUTH wih the sittuation of the Shire-towē Described Ann 1610 ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes , Rivers , and memorable places mentioned in Monmouth-Shire . HVNDREDS IN Monmouth-Shire . 1. BErgraveny H. 2. Skenfrith . 3. Vske . 4. Ragland . 5. Caldicot . 6. Wenlooge . A ABERGEVENNEW , Be. Abernsteth , Berg. Saint Aruans , Cald. Avon Flu. B Bassaleg , Wenl . Basaleck , Wenl . Bedw●s , Wenl . Bedwellty , Wenly . Bettus , Ragl. Bettus , VVenl. Bettus Chappell , Berg. Wealch Bicknor , Sken . Birthin Flu. Blanagwent , VVeln. Blorench Hill , Berg. Saint Bride , Cald. Saint Bride , VVenl. Bryngwyne , Ragl. Bysheton , Cald. C Caierwent , Cald. Caldicote , Cald. Carewent , Cald. CARLION , Vsk. The Chappell , Berg. Chappelhill , Sken . Chappelhill , Sken . Charston Rock , Cald. Chepstow Parke Cald. CHEPSTOW , Cald. Christchurch , Cald. Cledagnvagh Flu. Clitho , Ragl. Coeedkernew , VVenl. Colbroke , Berg. Connyoy , Berg. Coumcarvon , Sken . Coydkirne , VVenl. Creke , Cald. Crindye , VVeln. Crucorne , Berg. D Denny Island , Cald. Dewston , Cald. Dyngestowe , Ragl. Dynham , Cald. Dyxston , Sken . E Edwith Vawre , Flu. Edwith Vauchan , Flu. Eries Wood , Cald. F Fidan Flu. G. Goldecliffe , Cald. Goldecliffe Rock , Cald. Goldecliffe Point , Cald. Goyttren , Berg. Lyn Goyde , Berg. Gracedue , Ragl. The Grange , Cald. Greenefeld , Castle , VVenl. Grysmond Castle , Sken . Gwarneaolepa , VVenl. Gwernesseny , Ragl. H Herdwicke , Berg. Heuilis , VVenl. Howicke , Cald. Hothny Flu. I Saint Ielian , Cald. Iston , Cald. Itton , Cald. K Kebby Flu. Kylgoden , Berg. Kemis , Cald. Kemis Commaunder , Berg. Kenueny Flu. Kilgorucke , Sken . Kirten Beacon , VVenl. Kyllcornell , Berg. L Llanarth , Berg. Llanbadock , Vske . Llanbed , Cald. Llandenny , Ragl. Llanaferyng , Berg. Llandeuaige , Cald. Llandeguith , Vske . Llandilobatthale , Berg. Llandogo , Sken . Llanfoyst , Berg. Llangattokelenyg , Berg. Llangattock Vihanauell , Sken . Llangattock Vibonauell , Sken . Langattock , Berg. Llangeby , Vske . Llangevye , Ragl. Llangevew , Vske . Llangewa , Sken . Llangiby , Vske . Llangomes , Ragl. LLANGOVEN , Sken . Llangston , Cald. Llanhenoch , Vske . Llanhithell , Berg. LLANHYLETHE , VVeln. Llanllowell , Vske . Llamnerton , Cald. Llannoyth , Sken . Llannyhangell , Berg. Llannyhangell Veddo , VVeln. Llannouer , Berg. Llan-pyll , Sken . Llansanffred , Berg. Llanssey , Sken . Llanth●ruell Chappell , Wenl . Llanthenyrytherch , Berg. Llantheywye , Vske . Llanthen , Berg. Llanthewy Retherch , Berg. Llanthewy Steride , Berg. Llantilio Grossmont . Sken . Llantony , Berg. Llantrishen , Vske . Llanvaier , Cald. Llanvaghes , Cald. Llanuaner Chappell Sken . Llanvapley , Berg. Llanveghauan , Vske . Llanveyre , Berg. Llanvihangell , Cald. Llanvihangell Tormenith , Sken . Llanvihangell , Berg. Llanvihangell , Rag. Llanvitheryn , Berg. Llanvreghvaye , Vske . Llanwaren , Cald. Llanwenarth , Berg. Llanyhangell Tonney groyse , VVenl. Llanyssen , Sken . Llyn Goyde , Berg. M Maghan , Wenl . Magor , Cald. Malpas , VVenl. Manihilad , Berg. Marshfield , VVenl. Marthelly Chappell , Cald. Matharne , Cald. S. Mellans , VVenl. Michaelchurch , Berg. Michaelston , VVenl. Monnow Flu. MONMOVTH , Sken . Mounton Chappell , Cald. Saint Michael , Sken . Saint Moughans , Sken . Mynithisloyn , Wenl . Mychiltroy , Sken . N Nashe , Cald. Newchurch , Cald. Chappell Newith , Berg. Bettus Newith Ragl. Newport Haven , Wenl . NEWPORT , Wenl . Norton , Sken . O Olwye Flu. Ould-castle , Berg. P Panteage , Berg. Parcassik , Sken . Parkhill , Cald. Penalth , Sken . Penclase , Sken . Penclawth , Ragl. Pencarn Flu , Wenl . Pencoyde , Cald. Penhow , Cald. Penhow , Cald. Penrose , Ragl. Penrose , Vske . Penteaies hill , Berg. Penterry Chappell , Sken . Saint Pere , Cald. Pertholey , Berg. Perthing , Sken . Peterston , Wenl . Pontemoile , Berg. Portesmete , Cald. Pyl Flu. Pyl Flu. Q Quenoch Chappell , Vske . R Ragland , Ragl. Redwicke , Cald. Riseley , Wenl . Rocherston Castle , Wenl . Rockfield , Sken . Rogeat , Cald. Rompney Flu. Rempney , Wenl . Runston , Cald. S Shernewton , Cald. Skenssreth , Sken . Skirivawre hill , Berg. Sroway Flu. Stanton Chappell , Berg. Strogle Castle , Cald. Sudbroke , Cald. T Terestent , Wenl . Throggy Flu. Traowey , Ragl. Tredeager , Wenl . Tredonock , Vske . Tregayre , Ragl. Trelecke , Sken . Trelecke Graunge , Sken . Trinitie Chappel , Cald. Treuenthen , Berg. Trostrey , Vske . Trothy Flu. Troye , Sken . Trylaye , Berg. Tyntarne , Sken . Tynterne Abbey , Sken . Tumberlow Hill , Wenl . V Vske Flu. VSKE , Vske . W Warigoch Chappell , Berg. Warnde , Berg. Wense Wood , Cald. Whitt Castle , Berg. Whitston , Cald. Wick , Cald. Wisewood Chase , Sken . Wolfe Newton , Sken . Saint Wollos . Woudye , Cald. Wnnastowe , Sken . BREKNOCK-SHIRE . CHAPTER VII . BReknock-shire , in the British Language Brechineau , ( so called , as the Welch-men relate of a Prince named Brechanius , the Father of an holy off-spring , whose twentie foure daughters were all of them Saints ) is a Countie neither very large , nor greatly to be praised or disliked of , whose bounds upon the North is parted from Radnor with the Rivers Clarwen and Wye : the West lyeth butted upon by Cardigan and Caermarden-shires : the South is confirmed by Glamorgan ; and the East with Monmouth and Radnor-shires , is wholly bound . ( 2 ) The length of this Shire from North to South , betwixt Llanuthel and Istradgunles , are twentie eight English miles ; and her breadth from East to West , extended betwixt Pentrisso and Llywell , are twentie ; the whole in circumference , about one hundred and two miles . ( 3 ) This Countie is full of hils , and uneven for travell , which on the South part mount in such height , that as Giraldus hath written , They make the ayre much colder , and defend the Countie from the excessive heat of the Sunne , whereby a certaine naturall wholesomnesse of ayre maketh it most temperate : and on the East side , the Mountaines of Talgar and Ewias doe as it were forefence the same . Among which , there arise and run so many fruitfull springs , that their vallies are thereby made most fertile , yeelding in plentie both corne and grasse . ( 4 ) The ancient Inhabitants and possessors of this Shire , with the rest in this South Tract were the Silures , much spoken of , and great opposites to the Romans , whose Countries were first made subject by Iulius Frontinus , who besides the valour of the enemy , had to struggle with the Mountaines and Straits , as Tacitus tels us ; neither any more hard , we may well say , then them of this Shire ; whereof one in the South , and three miles from Breknock , is of such height and operation , as is uncredible : and were it not that I have witnesse to affirme what I shall speake , I should blush to let the report thereof passe from my Pen : In my perambulations in these parts , remaining in Breknock to observe the site of that Towne , the Aldermen or chiefe Seniors thereof , regarding my paines , with friendly and courteous entertainments at my departure , no lesse then eight of them , that had been Bailiffes of the Towne , came to visit me ; where they reported upon their credits and trials , that from the top of that hill , in the Welch called Mounch-denny , or Cadier Arthur , they had oftentimes cast from them , and down the North-East Rocke , their Cloaks , Hats , and Staves , which notwithstanding would never fall , but were with the ayre and winde still returned backe , and blowne up : neither , said they , will any thing descend from that cliffe being so cast , unlesse it be stone or some metalline substance : affirming the cause to be the Clouds , which are seene to racke much lower then the top of that Hill. As strange tales are told of the Meere Llynsavathan , two miles by East from Breknock , which at the breaking of her frozen Ice , maketh a fearefull sound like unto thunder . In which place , as is reported , sometimes stood a faire Citie , which was swallowed up in an Earth-quake , and resigned her stone-wals unto this deepe and broad water : whither unto this day leadeth all the waies in this Shire : which , as learned Cambden conjectureth , might be that Louentrium , which Ptolemy in this Tract placeth ; and the more confirmed by the Rivers name adjoyning , being also called Leuenny , which River also passeth through this Meere without any mixture of her waters , as by the colour thereof is well perceived , which glideth thorow it with the same streame , and no greater then wherewith she first entred in . ( 5 ) The Townes for commerce , are Hay , Bealt , and Breknock , two of them unfortunate of their former greatnesse , whom warres and sedition have defaced and cast down . Hay upon VVye and Dulas , pleasant for situation , in the rebellion of Owen Glendowerdwy , was diswalled , depopulated , and burnt , in whose foundations for new repaires , many Romane Coines have been found ; and thereby thought to be a seat of their Legions : and Buelth , now Bealt , though of good frequencie , yet not so great as when Ptolemy observed her position for graduation , who calleth it Buleum Silurum , neither when it with the Countrey was possessed by Aurelius Ambrosius , by whose permission Pascensius the sonne of Vortiger ruled all , as Ninius writeth , nor yet of later times , when Leolin the last Prince of the Britaines , was therein betrayed and slaine . ( 6 ) Breknock the Shire-towne , for buildings and beautie retaineth a better regard , whose walles in Ovall-wise are both strong & of good repaire , having three Gates for entrance , with ten Towres for defence , and is in circuit sixe hundred and fortie paces about , upon whose West part a most sumptuous and stately Castle is seated , the like whereof is not commonly seene , whose decayes approching do increase her ruines daily , and in the end is feared will be her fall . This Towne is seated upon the meeting of two Rivers , Houthy and Vske , whose yeerely government is committed to two Bailiffes , fifteene Aldermen , two Chamberlaines , two Constables , a Town-clerk , and two Sergeants their attendants : having the Poles elevation in 52.21 . minutes of Latitude , and for Longitude is placed in the 16. and 32. minutes , as the Mathematicians doe measure them . ( 7 ) This Shire is strengthened with nine Castles , divided into six Hundreds , wherein are seated three Market Towns , and sixtie one Parish-Churches . map of Brecknockshire BREKNOKE BOTH SHYRE AND TOWNE described Ann. Domini 16●0 . ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes , Rivers , and memorable places mentioned in Breknock-shire . HVNDREDS in BREKNOCK-SHIRE . 1 BEalt Hundred . 2 Merthy Hund. 3 Talgarth Hund. 4 Crickhoel Hund. 5 Penkelli Hund. 6 Dyuynnock Hund. A Aberbrayne , Merth . Aberkinvick , Penkel. Aberlleueny , Talgarth . Aberyskire , Merth . Capell Afyne , Talgarth . Altemawre , Talgarth . B Battle Chappell , Merth . BEALT , Bealt . Capell Bettus , Dyuyn. Blacke Mountaine , Dyuyn. Blaynllynuy Castle , Crick . Braue Flu. BREKNOCK , Penkel. Capell Brengoran , Talgarth . Bruntllys , Talgarth . C Capell Callwen , Dyuyn. Camlas Flu. Cantrest , Penkel. Clarthy Flu. Clarwen Flu. Comartch Flu. Capell Coyelbryn , Flu. Craye Flu. Crickadarn , Talgarth . Crickholl , Crick . Crickhoel , Crick . Capell Cunok , Merth . D Capell Defrunehenthy , Merth . Delas Flu. Dyuynnock , Dyuyn. Dulas Flu. Dylas Flu. Castle Dynas , Talgarth . G Garthbrenguy Llanthew , Merth . Gilston , Penkel. Glasbury , Talgarth . Glyn Tawy , Dyuyn. Groney Flu. Gwenthur , Talgarth . Gwetherick Flu. H Haterell Hill , Talgarth . HAYE , Talgarth . Henuid Parke , Merth . Hepsey Flu. Houthy Flu. I Isker Flu. Istradgunles , Dyuyn. Istraduelltey , Dyuyn. K Ketheden , Crick . Kethitalgarth , Bealt . L Llamcamlach , Penkel. Llanauanuour , Bealt . Llanbedde , Crick . Llanddetty , Penkel. Llandiualley , Targarth . Llandiuilog , Merth . Llandiloruan , Merth . Llanelli , Crick . Llaneliw , Talgarth . Llangamarth , Bealt . Llanganten , Bealt . Llangattuck , Crick . Llangeney , Crick . Llangonider , Crick . Llangors , Crick . Llangouilog , Penkel. Llangoyd , Talgarth . Llangroney , Crick . Llangustye , Penkel. Llangynyd , Crick . Llanlleenuell , Bealt . Llannyllo , Talgarth . Llansanffred , Penkel. Llanspethitt , Dyuyn. Llanthetty , Penkel. Llanthew Castle , Penkel. Llanthewi Aberwessyn , Bealt . Llanthewi Come , Bealt . Llanuair , Bealt . Llanuanuecham , Bealt . Llanuigon , Penkel. Llanuyhangell Vachian , Merth . Llanuyhangell Bryn pabian , Bealt . Llanuorted , Bealt . Llanurenach , Penkel. Llanuthull , Bealt . Llanuillo , Penkel. Llanwerne , Penkel. Llanygon , Talgarth . Llanyhangell Manthran , Merth . Llanyhangell Cumdye , Crick . Llanyhanglo , Penkel. Llanyhangell Aberwessyn , Bealt . Llanynnis , Bealt . Llestinan , Bealt . Lleueny Flu. Lleueny Flu. Lliwell , Dyuyn. Llyswen , Talgarth . M Maesmynys , Bealt . Towre Maltwalbury , Dyuyn. Melta Flu. Metherchynog , Merth . Mounchdenny Hill , Penkel. N Capell Nanty , Penkel. Neath Flu. Newton , Dyuyn. O Olluannock , Dyuyn. P Patrisho , Crick . Penderyn , Dyuyn. Penketh Castle , Penkel. Peterchurch , Crick . Pipton , Talgarth . Porthamble , Talgarth . Portheroyes , Bealt . R Capell Ridbrue , Merth . S Llyn Sanathan , Talgarth . Capell Senny , Dyuyn. Skethrog , Penkel. T Talgarth , Talgarth . Talyllyn , Penkel. Capell Tauechan , Penkel. Tauy Flu. Trallong , Merth . Trangarth Flu. Trausnant Flu. Tre Castle , Dyuyn. Tretowre , Crick . Turch Flu. Tylachthy , Penkel. V Tawe Vachan Flu. Neath Vachan Flu. Tawe Vawir Flu. Vaynor , Penkel. Vske Flu. Vske Flu. W Weuery Flu. Wye Flu. Y Capell Ylldytt , Dyuyn. Yruon Flu. RADNOR-SHIRE CHAPTER . VIII . RADNOR-SHIRE lyeth bordered upon the North , with the Countie Monmouth ; upon the East toucheth Shropshire and Hereford-shire : the Rivers Clarwen and VVye divide it from Breknock in the South ; and the West part doth shorten point-wise into Cardigan-shire . ( 2 ) The forme thereof is in proportion triangle , every side almost containing a like distance : for from West to North are twenty miles ; from North to South , twenty two ; and from South to West are twenty foure : the whole in circumference extending to fourescore and ten miles . ( 3 ) The Ayre thereof is sharpe and cold , ( as most of Wales is ) for that the snow lieth and lasteth long unmelted under those shadowing high Hils and over-hanging Rocks . ( 4 ) The Soyle is hungry , though not barren , and that in the East and South the best : the other parts are rough and churlish , and hardly bettered by painfull labour ; so that the riches of the North and West consisteth chiefly in the brood of Cattle . ( 5 ) Anciently this County was possessed by the Silures , a warlike people , and great withstanders of the Romans impositions , who had not onely them to fight against , but withall the unaccessible Mountaines , wherewith this Shire is so over-pressed and burdened , that many times I feared to looke downe from the hanging Rockes , whereunder I passed into those deepe and darke dales , seeming to me an entrance into Limbo . Among these ( as say our Historians ) that hatefull Prince to God and Man , Vortiger , his Countries scourge , and last Monarch of the British Bloud , by fire from Heaven was consumed with his incestuous Wife , for whom Ninius nameth the Countrey where in his Castle stood , Guartiger-Maur , of whose rubbish the Castle Guthremion was raised , as some are of opinion . Yet they of North-Wales will have his destruction and Castle to stand in their parts neere unto Beth-Kelleck , whereof wee will further speake in the relation of his life . Fatall was this place also to Llewellin the last Prince of the British race , who being betrayed by the men of Buelth , fled into those vast Mountaines of Radnor , where by Adam Francton he was slaine ; and his head ( crowned with Ivy ) set upon the Tower of London . ( 6 ) Places most worthy of note in this Shire , are as ensueth : The first is Radnor , from whom the Countie receiveth her Name , anciently Magi , where the Commander of the Pascensian Regiment lay , and thought to be the Magnos in Atonine the Emperors Survey . This Towne is pleasantly seated under an Hill , whereon standeth mounted , a large and strong Castle , from whose Bulwarke a Trench is drawn along the West of the Towne , whereon a wall of stone was once raised , as by the remaines in many places appeareth . This Trench doth likewise inverge her West side so farre as the River , but after is no more seene : whose Graduation is observed to have the Pole elevated for Latitude 52. degrees , and 45. minutes ; and for Longitude , from the first point of the West , set by Mercator 17. degrees and one minute . Prestayn for beauteous building is the best in this Shire , a Towne of Commerce , wonderfully frequented , and that very lately . Next is Knighton , a Market Towne likewise , under which is seene the Clawdh-Offa , or Offaes Ditch , whose tract for a space I followed along the edge of the Mountaine , which was a bound set to separate the Welsh from the English , by the Mercian King Offa : and by Egbert the Monarch a Law made , by the instigation of his Wife , that it should bee present death for the Welsh to passe over the same , as Iohn Bever the Monke of Westminster reporteth : and the like under Harald , as Iohn of Salisbury writeth ; wherein it was ordained , that what Welsh-man soever should bee found with any weapon on this side of that Limit , which was Offaes Ditch , should have his right hand cut off by the Kings Officers . The fourth place for account is Raihadar Gowy , who besides the great fall of Wye with a continuall noise , hath her Markets there kept upon the Sabbath , which I there observed , and here note for an offence . ( 7 ) Many Rivers arise and run thorow this Shire , which were it not that the Hils so cluster together , might make the soyle both fertill and fat . Such are Teme , Lug , Ithon , Clowdok , Dulas , Comarton , Somegill , Guithel , Arro , Machaway , Edway , Hawye , Eland , Clarwen and Wye , besides other Loughs that stand betwixt the hills . This Shire is divided into sixe Hundreds , wherein are seated three Forrests , foure Market-Townes , sixe Castles , and fifty two Parish-Churches , as in the Table in the last Page of this Chapter Alphabetically are set and inserted . map of the county of Radnor THE COUNTIE OF RADNOR DESCRIBED AND THE SHYRETOWNES SITTUATIONE Anno 16●8 . ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes , Rivers , and memorable places mentioned in Radnor-shire . HVNDREDS in RADNOR-SHIRE . 1 RAyader-Gowy . 2 Knighton . 3 Kevenllice . 4 Radnor . 5 Collowine . 6 Painescastell . A Aberdow , Coll. Arro Flu. Augop , Rad. B Banghwid , Paines . Bettas disserth , Coll. Bigildi , Knight . BLETHVACH , Keven . Blethuach Forrest , Keven . Brongwine , Paines . Buttus , Paines . C Cascop , Keven . Castle Dynbod , Knight . Clarwen Flu. Clirow , Paines . Clowedoke Flu. Colwin Castle , Coll. Colva , Rad. Combehire , Rayad. Comaron Flu. D Darnall Flu. Discodde , Rad. Disserth , Coll. Dullas Flu. E Ednall , Rad. Edway Flu. Eland Flu. F Fuldibrok , Rad. G Garthuagh , Rayad. Glasbury , Paines . Glascomb , Coll. Glastray alias Glawdiscre , Rad. Glyngwin , Rayad. Gwythell Flu. H Harton , Rad. Hawye Flu. Hiop , Knight . I Ithon Flu. K Kevelles Castle , Keven . Kregrena , Coll. Kinerton , Rad. KNIGHTON , Knight . Knukles Forrest . Knight . Knukles , Knight . L Llanamro , Knight . Llanbaderney gareg , Coll. Llanbaderne , Keven . Lanbadarne vynith , Knight . Llanbeder , Paines . Llanbester , Knight . Llandegley , Keven . Llandewy , Knight . Llandewy vach , Paines . Llandilo , Paines . Landrindod , Keven . Llanelweth , Coll. Llangiallo , Keven . Llanihangell , Keven . Llanihangell yerholegan , Rayad. Llanihangell Arro , Paines . Llanihangell Kevenllice , Keven . Llanihangell Nantmelan , Rad. Llansanffred , Coll. Llansanffred in Comotoieth , Rayad. Llanstephan , Paines . Llanuereth , Coll. Llanyere , Rayad. Llowes , Paines . Lug , Flu. Llynhoghlen , Paines . M Machway , Keven . Michaels Church , Paines . Monaghree , Keven . N Nantmell , Rayad. Newcastle , Rad. Newchurch , Paines . Norton , Rad. P Painescastle , Paines . Pilim , Keven . PRESTEIGNE , Rad. R Radnor old , Rad. RADNOR new , Rad. Radnor Forrest , Rad. RAYADER-gowy , Rayad. Rulen , Coll. S S. Harmon , alias Phistharmon , Rayad. Standish , Rad. Samegill Flu. T Teme Flu. W Whitten , Keven . Whitehall , Knight . Weston hall , Keven . Wye Flu. Y Ython Flu. CARDIGANS-SHIRE . CHAPTER . IX . CARDIGAN-SHIRE , ( in the Welsh called Sire Aber-Tivi ) is parted on the North from Merioneth-shire with the River Doui ; by the Plinillimon hils from Montgomery-shire in part of her East ; and the rest from Breknock-shire , with the water Towy ; and with Tyvy altogether on the South from Caermarden-shire : the West is wholly washed with the Irish Sea. ( 2 ) The forme thereof is horne-like , bowing compasse , long and narrow , and growing wider still towards the North : so that from Cardigan , the Shire-Towne and uttermost point in the South , unto the River Doui , her farthest North bounder , are thirtie two miles : and from the head of Clarwen in the East , to Aberysthwyth on her West , the broadest part in the Shire , are onely fifteene : the whole in circumference is one hundred and three miles . ( 3 ) The Aire is open and somewhat piercing ; the soile is hilly , and ( Wales-like ) uneven : yet more plaine and champion toward the Sea , then in the East or North of the Land. For besides that great and high hill called Plinillimon , a continuall range of lesser doth shoote along , yeelding in their vallies both goodly rich Pastures , and very large Pooles , which being assisted with Springs from the Rocks , doe branch themselves , as veines in the body , and make fruitfull their passages unto the Sea. In Tyvy one of these , as Giraldus hath written , the Beaver hath been found , a creature living both by land and water , whose stones the Physitians hold in great price . His fore-feet are like unto a dog , but the hinder whole skinned , as is the goose : the dog-like serve him on shore for tto runne ; and the goose-like as Oares give him swift motion in swimming : his taile broad and gristly , he useth as a sterne , wherewith on the sudden he can divert his swift floating course . But this creature in these parts a long time hath not beene seene , whose roome we may well say the Salmon hath possest , who still coveting into fresh water Rivers , at their down-right fals useth this policie : He bendeth himselfe backward , and taketh his taile in his mouth , and with all his strength unloosing his circle on the sudden ( as a lath let goe ) mounteth up before the fall of the streame ; where upon such waterfals are called the Salmons Leape : and in these Rivers many such Salmons are caught . ( 4 ) The commodities of this Shire chiefly consist in Cattle , Sea-folwe , and Fish ; Corne sufficient , but of Woods some scarcitie : and at the head of Istwydh are certain veines of Lead , a merchandize of no meane regard or wealth . ( 5 ) The ancient people that possessed this Province , were the Dimetae , by Ptolomie branched thorow the Tracts of Caermarden , Penbroke , and this Shire ; who in their struglings against the Romanes , did not a little relie upon Caractacus their most war-like King , ( from whose name , though unlikely , some will have the Shire called Cardigan ) yet lastly felt the fortune of subjection with the rest , when Iulius Frontinus warred with these Mountaines . Scarce had the Normans setled their Kingdome in Britaine , but that they assailed this County , as well to enjoy so faire a Possession , as to secure those Seas from any invasion against them : so that Rufus first wrested from the Welsh-men the maritime Coasts , and Henry the first gave the whole County to Gilbert de Clare . ( 6 ) This Gilbert fortified Cardigan , the Shire-Towne , with a Wall and strong Castle , whose aged lineaments doe to this day shew the industrie both of Nature and Art : for the Towne is seated upon a steepe banke , her South-side guarded with the deep River Tyvy , and passable no way but by a bridge under the Castle . The walles take the advantage of the rising Rockes , and circulate the Towne even round about . The Castle is higher built upon a Rock , both spacious and faire , had not stormes impaired her beauty , and time left her carkasse a very Anatomie . The walles range as thou seest , and are indifferent for repaire , having three wayes for entrance , and containe in compasse sixe hundred and fourescore pases : whose Position for Latitude is set in the degree 52.33 . minutes from the North-pole , and for Longitude from the first West-point by Mercator , in the degree 15. and 10. minutes . ( 7 ) This Shire , as it is little in circuit , so accordingly is besprinkled with Towne-ships , whereof foure onely have the trade of Markets : neither finde I other remembrance of religious foundations , but at Cardigan , Istradfleet , and at Llan-Badern-Vaur , where sometimes was seated an Episcopall See , which ( as Hoveden writeth ) was decayed many yeers since , when the people had wickedly slaine their Pastour . And yet Llan-Deui-breui , built , and so called in memory of the most famous David Bishop of Menevia , was in great esteeme , where in a frequent Synod there holden , he refuted the Pelagian Heresie , sprung up againe in Britaine , both by the authoritie of holy Scripture , and also by miracle , as is reported , while the earth whereon he stood and preached , rose up unto a certaine height under his feet . ( 8 ) The Shires division , for businesses belonging either to the Crowne or Common-wealth , is into five Hundreds , wherein are seated foure Market-Towns , and sixty-foure Parish-Cburches for Gods divine and daily service , whose names are further inserted in the Table following . map of Cardiganshire CARDIGAN SHYRE DESCRIBED with the due forme of the Shiretown as it was surveyed by I.S. Anno 16●0 ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes , Rivers , and memorable places mentioned in Cardigan-shire . HVNDREDS in Cardigan-shire . 1. LLanbadarn . 2. LLanylar . 3. Pennarth . 4. Moythen . 5. Tredroir . A Aberporth , Tred . ABERYSTWYTH , Llanb. Arthe Flu. Ayron Flu. B Bangor , Tred . Bettus Bledrus , Moyth. Bettus Jevan , Tred . Bettus , Moyth. Bidder Flu. Blayneporth , Tred . Blayne pennall , Pen. Brennyng Flu. Brongwyn , Tred . C CARDIGAN , Tred . Cardigan Island , Tred . Capell Christ , Moyth. Clarthye Flu. Clarwen Flu. Cletter Flu. Combeystoyche , Llanb. D Dettor Flu. Douye Flu. Dyhewyll , Moyth. Dyhewidd Isekerdyne , Tred . E Eynon Flu. F The Forest , Moyth. G Capell Garthely , Moyth. Gogirthan , Llanb. Llyn Gonon , Llany . Gunros , Llany . H Heullandynye , Tred . Heueneroe , Llany . I Iscard , Moyth. Istradfler , Llany . Istradfler , Llany . Istradmyrick , Llany . Istwyth Flu. K Kellan , Moyth. Kelekenyn , Llany . Capell Kenan , Tred . Kery Flu. Kilie ayron , Llany . Capell Kiluellon , Llanb. Kilwyn , Tred . Kinuer Flu. L Llanarche , Moyth. Llanauon , Llany . Llanauon , Llany . Llanbadarn vawr , Llanb. Llanbaddarn , Llany . Llanbadarne , Llany . Llanbadarne Odyne , Pen. Llanbadarne Treuegloys , Llany . LLANBEDER , Moyth. Llandeuroigge , Tred . Llandissilio , Moyth. Llandissill Isekerdyne , Tred . Llandissill uchkerdyne , Moyth. Llandogwy , Tred . Llanfra Capell , Tred . Capell Llanbridge , Tred . Llangoydmore , Tred . Llangranoge , Moyth. Llangynllo , Llanb. Llangybye , Moyth. Llangythye , Moyth. Llanrannok , Tred . Llangytho , Tred . Llangunelyn , Llanb. Llanllohayrne , Moyth. Llanllair , Moyth. Llansanfrayde , Llany . Llanthewy aberarthe , Llany . Llanthewy breuye , Pen. Llantisilued Capell , Moyth. Llanthynoll , Llany . Llanuair treueligen , Tred . Llanuaieralloyne , Tred . Llanuayrgledoge , Moyth. Llanuichangell , Llany . Llanunen , Tred . Llanunnes , Llany . Llanwenoge , Moyth. Llanylar , Llany . Llanyna , Moyth. Llanychayaron , Moyth. Llanyhangle castle qualtor , Llanb. Llanyhangle Yerothen , Llany . Llanyhangle Rostea , Llany . Llanyhangle Lledrod , Llany . Llanynay , Moyth. Llanygrothen , Llany . Llanychayarne , Llany . Llarumsted , Llany . Llegenydd , Moyth. Llyn Legnant , Llany . Lery Flu. Leuenant Flu. Lyky , Moyth. M Massalak Flu. Mathern Flu. Mirik Flu. Mounte , Tred . N Nantegnulle , Pen. O Oscoid Mortimer , Tred . P Penbryne , Tred . Penkemmas point , Tred . Penneralt , Tred . Pennobadath point , Tred . Pescotter Flu. Plinellimon hill , Llanb. Preuethe , Llanb. R Rescob forrest , Pen. Rossefayre , Llany . Rydall Flu. S Salek Flu. Silien , Moyth. Spittie ustroith , Llany . Spittye kinwen , Llanb. T Talaserne , Moyth. Tothea Flu. Towye Flu. Tredroir , Tred . TREGARON , Pen. Tremayne , Tred . Treuilon , Llany . Treuygoid , Tred . Llyn Tyuy , Llany . Tyuy Flu. V Vchclawdd , Pen. Verwicke , Tred . Llyn Verwyn , Pen. Vmnrabowa , Llanb. W Weray Flu. Wye head , Llanb. MOUNTGOMERY-SHIRE . CHAPTER . X. MOUNTGOMERY-SHIRE , in the British speech called Siretrefaldwin , and that of the principall Towne Mountgomery , lieth bounded upon the North with Denbigh-Shire , upon the East with Shrop-Shire , on the South with Radnor and Cardigan-Shires , and on the West with Merioneth-Shire . ( 2 ) In forme it som what resembleth a Peare or Pine-apple , as it were growing out of the West , and rising thence with many high Hilles and plentifull Springs , which water and make fruitfull the Soyle every where : whose searching rilles with a longing desire hast ever forward to finde an increase , and to augment their growth into a bigger body , whereof the Severne is the chiefe , and the second River in the Land : whose head rising from the spired Mountaine Plymll●mon , runneth not farre without the receits of other riverets into her streame , and with many windings doth sport her selfe thorow all the East part of this Shire . ( 3 ) That this River tooke her name from Abren , the beautifull base daughter of Locrinus , begotten out of wedlocke upon Est●ldis the daughter of Humber the Scythian King , that invaded this Land , and both of them drowned in this River by Guendolena , King Locrinus surviving widow : let Ieffrey relate , and Poets enlarge , whereof one among them in good account , thus writeth ; — In flumen praecipitatur Abren , Nomen Abren fluvio de Virgine , nomen eidens Nomine corrupto , deinde Sabrina datur . Into this streame faire Abren head-long cast , Gave name of Abren to those waters wast , Corruptly call'd Sabrina now at last . ( 4 ) This River maketh the East part of this Shire for fruitfulnesse to bee compared with most of the Land , and to exceed any other Shire in Wales : the West side is more hilly and lesse inhabited , yet surely those Mountaines breed innumerable Cattle , especially of horses , whose portraiture for making and incomparable swiftnesse , Giraldus Cambrensis Archdeacon of Breknocke doth greatly commend . ( 5 ) The ancient Inhabitants that were seated in Guineth and Pow●ysland , whereof this Shire was a part , were to the Romans knowne by the name of ORDOVICES , a puissant and courageous Nation , whose hearts and hilles held them the longest free from the yoke of subjection , either of the Romans or English : for unto the dayes of Domitian , they kept plea with the Romans , and were not brought to the will of the English before the raigne of King Edward the first . Those ORDOVICES inhabited the Counties of Mountgomery , Merioneth , Caernarvan , Denbigh , and Flint , which are of us called now North-Wales , a people generous and of affable conditions , goodly for feature , faire of complexion , courageous of minde , courteous to strangers , and that which is most commendable , most true and loyall to the English Crowne . Townes for Trades and commerce in this County are sixe : the chiefest thereof and Shire-Towne is Mountgomery , very wholesome for ayre , and pleasant for situation , upon an easie ascent of an hill , and upon another farre higher mounted , stands a faire and well-repaired Castle , from the East Rocke whereof the Towne hath been walled , as by some part yet standing , and the tract and trench of the rest even unto the North-side of the said Castle , may evidently be seen : whose Graduation for Latitude is placed in the degree 53. and for Longitude 17. the lines cutting each other in the site of this Towne . This Towne hath lately received the honour and Title of an Earledome , whereof Philip Herbert the second sonne of Henry Earle of Pembroke , was created the first , in Anno 1605. And the Shire divided into seven Hundreds , wherein are seated sixe Market-Townes , and forty seven Parish-Churches : the names whereof are inserted in the Table annexed . map of Montgomeryshire MONTGOMERY SHIRE ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all The Tovvnes , Rivers , and memorable places mentioned in Mountgomery Shire . HVNDREDS in Mountgomery-shire . 1 MEchavi . 2 Kare Eynion . 3 Ystrad Marchel . 4 Kidriorn . 5 Kery . 6 Ykrostly . 7 Kyfy . Log. A Aberhafais , Kidriorn . Agaiere , Ystrad . Angle Flu. B Bacho Flu. Llyn , Barre Ykrost . Becham Flu. Llyn Begelyn , Kyfy . Beryw , Kydriorn . Berechlaid , Ykrost . Bettus , Kidriorn . Biga Flu. Brethen hill , Ystrad . Brughan Flu. Buttington , Ystrad . C Caerfuse Castle , Ykrost . Carlion Hill , Ystrad . Carno Flu. Churchstoke , Ystrad . Cregynog H●ll , Kidriorn . Castle Engerrimon , Kare . D Dolevoren Castle , Kidriorn . Dornoll Flu. Dorowen , Kyfy . Dul●s Flu. D●las Flu Dulas Flu. 3. Dungum Flu. F Chappell Fordyn , Ystrad . G Garth-beibio , Kare . Llyn Glastyn , Kyfy . Gnedall Flu. Gogh Castle , Ystrad . H Haus Flu. Heldray , Ystrad . Hirnant , Mech . Hyssinton , Ystrad . K Karno , Ykrost . Kegidfa , Ystrad . Kemes , Kyfy . Kerig Flu. Kery , Kery . L Llanbrim Maire , Kyfy . Llanddosilio , Mech . Llanddynam , Ykrost . Llandissil , Kidriorn . Llandrenio , Ystrad . Llanfair , Kare . LLANFILLYN , Mech . Llanfynhonwen , ystrad . Llangadfan , Kare . Llangirrich , ykrost . Llangunoth , Mech . Llangynyw , Kare . Llanllochaiarne , Kidriorn . Llanllygan , Kidriorn . Llanfauntfred yn Mecham , Mech . Llanuthin , Mech . Llanuaier ynghareynion , kare . Llanuyhangell ynghery , kare . Llanwryn , kyfy. Llanwunog , ykrost . Llanwydelan , kydriorn LLANYDLOES , ykrost . Llany Rewic , kidriorn . Llanyruill , kare . Lleding Flu. Lleighton , ystrad . Llevenant ▪ Flu. Lloyd Flu. Lloydyerd , Mech . M MACHENLLETH , Kyf . Maismaure , ystrad . Manafon , kidriorn . Mathavern , kyfy. Mathravall Hall , kare . Meifod , Mech . Middleton Hall , kery . Moghtree , kery . MOVNTGOMERY , Ystrad . Moylnadion , Hill. kyfy. Mulle Flu. Penant Mylangell , Mech . N NEWTOWNE , Kidriorn . P Penegos , kyfy. WELSH POOLE , ystrad . Penprice , ykrost . Penstrowed , ykrost . Plymllymon Hill. kyfy. R Riader Flu. Rue Flu. S Severns head , kyfy. Severne Flu. Severne Flu. T Tagarell Chappell , ykrost . Tanot Flu. Taramon Flu. Towynmyn Flu. Trefeglos , ykrost . Chappell Treflistin , ystrad . Tregynon , kidriorn . Turgh Flu. V Vurnuey Flu. W Wurway Flu. Wye Flu. Y Llanvihangell Ynghronfa , Mech . MERIONETH-SHIRE . CHAPTER . XI . MERIONETH-SHIRE , which the Britaines call Scire-Verioneth , and in Latine , Mervinia ; is bordered upon the North by Carnarvon and Denbigh-shires , upon the East with Montgomery , upon the South by the River Dowy , is parted from Cardigan-shire , and the West side altogether washed with the Irish-Seas , whose rage with such vehemencie beateth against her Bankes , that it is thought and said , some quantity of the Land hath been swallowed up by those Seas . ( 2 ) In forme this Shire somewhat resembleth a Welsh-Harpe , though small is the Musicke that to her Inhabitants she makes , being the roughest , and most unpleasant to see to ( as Giraldus their owne Historian writeth ) in all Wales . The Ayre for great pleasure , nor Soile for great profit , I cannot greatly commend , unlesse it be for the many and mighty great windes , that for the most part therein do rage , and the spired hilles clustered together so neer and so high , as the same Author affirmeth , that Shepheards upon their tops falling at oddes in the morning , and challenging the field for fight , before they can come together to try out the quarrell , the day will bee spent , and the heat of their fury shut up with their sleepe . ( 3 ) These Mountaines formerly did abound with Wolves , for whose avoydance Edgar the peaceable , did impose ( as Malmesbury writeth ) a yeerely Tribute of three hundred Wolves , upon Ludwall Prince of that Countrey , whereby in three yeers space they were quite destroyed : and now their faces are covered with fruitfull flocks of Sheepe , besides Neate and other Cattle that therein abundantly doe grase , wherein the onely riches of this Shire doth consist : for by reason of the unevennesse of the soyle and rockes so neere the face of the earth , the Plough cannot bee drawne , nor the Corne prosper , which some have imputed to the idlenesse of the Inhabitants , wherein they have beene greatly wronged . ( 4 ) These people are a part of the Ordovices , of whom we have spoken , who by the advātage of these mountaines held out with the longest against the Romanes , and their necks not brought under the yoke of bondage , before the dayes of King Edward the first ; since when they have attempted to cast off their subjection to the English , upon some stirs raised by Owin Glendover , who having been a favorite of King Richard the second , and discontented by King Henry the fourth , in a quarrell with the Lord Gray of Ruthin , that intruded upon his demaines , quarrelled with the King , and entred into open rebellion and confederacie with all other his rebels , drawing the Welsh-men wholly to his side , in hope to have had Princes restored of their own blood : and he maintained the same with wonderfull pride , policie , and obstinacie for a long time , untill his confederates , followers , and favorites , and his owne courage , credit , and maintenance , were brought so low by that powerfull King , that in the end he perished for very want of food . ( 5 ) Their Townes are not many , neither those that they have of any stately buildings , whereof Bala , Dolge●he , and Harle●h are the Markets . By Bala in the North-East of this County , in the Welsh Lhintegid , in English , Pimble-meare , a great Poole of water doth drowne at least eight-score Acres of ground : whose nature is , as the report doth passe , that the high-land floods though never so great , cannot make her to swell bigger by their receipts ; but if the aire be troubled with over-great blasts and tempests of windes , she in as great a rage riseth and passeth her bankes , as if she would encounter that enemy in fight . Into the South whereof the two-headed Dee with a pretie sharpe streame entreth , and thorow the same glideth without any mixture of the same water , as the Inhabitants beleeve ; more strongly conceited in their opinion , for that the Salmon , usually taken in Dee , is never found in that Poole ; and the fish called Guiniad bred in that Meare , never is seene in the River Dee . South thence , neere Dolgelhe , in a lower hill , a great Rampire of stone and compasse is seene , and hath beene some fortification or defence in warre : which whilst we were curious to finde out some instructions thereof , by report this onely we learned , that is was called Caddoryrita Dren , according to the name of her neighbour and farre higher hill . ( 6 ) Upon the West and Sea-shore of this Shire , Harlech a Market and Major Towne standeth , bleake enough and barren , but onely for Fowle and Fish ; houses not many , neither curiously built , wherein standeth a little Chappel decayed and without use , in which lieth buried Sir Richard Thimblebye , an English Knight , who for the delight hee tooke in that game , removed his abode from a farre better soyle . Here also standeth a most strong and beautifull Castle , mounted upon a hill , and with a double Bulwarke walled about , commanding the Sea , and passage of entrance of such as seeke to invade the Coast. And surely a great pitie it is to see so faire a worke fall to decay : the Constable whereof by Patent is ever the Major of this Towne : neere unto which are two great Inlets of Seas , which at low water may be passed upon the Sands with Guides . Upon whose Shore , as upon all the Sea-coasts in this County , abundance of Herrings are caught , for which cause they are much frequented in the season of the yeere , by many people from divers Countries . ( 7 ) This Towne being the chiefest of the Shire . the Pole shall be elevated onely from thence , whose height for Latitude standeth in the degree 53.29 . minutes , and for Longitude in the 15.47 . minutes , The whole being divided into six Hundreds , wherein are seated thirtie seven Parish-Churches , whose names in the Table following are to be seene . map of Merionethshire MERIONETH+-SHIRE Described 1610 ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes , Rivers , and memorable places mentioned in Merioneth-Shire . HVNDREDS in Merioneth-shire . 1 ARdydury . 2 Penllyn . 3 Ydeirmon . 4 Talybont . 5 Mowthy . 6 Ystymanael . A Aberdowye , Ystymanael . Alwen Flu. Alwen Flu. Angell Flu. Artro Flu. Avon vane Flu. B BALA , Penllyn . Barmouth , Ardydury . Benrose Wood , Talybont . Traeth Bychan , Ardydury . Buttus , ydeirmon . C Cayne Flu. Cleton Flu. Clowedok Flu. Mowthy . Llyn Cotwry , Penllyn . Cotsegeddol , Ardydury . Corwen , ydeirmon . Cunuell Flu. D Dee Flu. Derye Flu. Desunney Flu. Talybont . Desunney Flu. ystymanael . Dole , ydeirmon . DOLGELHE , Talybont . Douye Flu. Druryd Flu. Dynas Mothus , Mowthy . E Llyn Eithaye , Ardydury . F Farles Flu. Festimog , Ardydury . Funnondo Verduwy , Penllyn . G Glanllintegid , Penllyn . Gwannas , Mowthy . Gwyddelwern , ydeirmon . H HARLECH , Ardydury . Hirgum Flu. K Kelyn Flu. Kemmer Abbey , Talybont . Kessilgum Flu. Kevenreage , ydeirmon . L Llanagbrethe , Talybont . Llanaelhairn , ydeirmon . Llanbeder , Ardydury . Llandderfel Gadern , Penllyn . Llandanog , Ardydury . Llandeber Flu. Llandekwyn . Llandegryn , Talybont . Llandryllo , ydeirmon . Lla●fawr Yn Melyn , Penllyn . Llanfechraith , Talybont . Llangor , ydeirmon . Llanglynnin , Talybont . Llangower , Penllyn . Llansansfred , ydeirmon . Llanenthowin , Ardydury . Llanthoyway , Ardydury . Llanwrothen , Ardydury . Llanvihangell Y Pennant , ystymanael . Llanyhangell , ydeirmon . Llanvair , ydeirmon . Llanunier . Llanullyn , Penllyn . Llanyhangell y traythe , Ardyd . Llanykill , Penllyn . Llanymorothwy , Mowthy . Llanywhyllyn , Penllyn . Llavern Flu. Llavyltyd , Ardydury . Llenegryn , Talybont . Lleyngoryl Flu. Llue Flu. Llyn y combe , Ardydury Llyn Tegid , Penllyn . Llyn Troweryn , Penllyn . Llyn Teckoyn , Ardydury . Llyn Eithaye , Ardydury . M Monach doure Flu. Mothvaye Flu. Maynlloyd , Mowthy . Maynturog , Ardydury . N Nanney , Talybont . P Penal , ystymanael . R Rarannare Hill , Penllyn . Rhedok , ydeirmon . Rhedok , ydeirmon . Rulace , Penllyn . S Sarnabugh Point , Talybont . Skethye Flu. T Taly Llyn , ystymanael . Thehery Castle , ystymanael . Llyn Tegid , Penllyn . Towin Meryonidd , ystymanael . Traeth Mawer , Ardydury . Traeth Bychan , Ardydury . Trawffynydh , Ardydury . Troweryn Flu. Llyn Troweryn , Penllyn . V Velynrydd Flu. Y Llyn Ycombe , Ardydury . DENBIGH-SHIRE , called in Welsh , Si●e Denbigh , retiring more from the Sea within the Countrey , on this side of the River Conwey shooteth Eastward in one place as farre as to the River Dee : on the North , first the Sea ( for a small space ) and then Flint-shire encompasseth it : on the West , Caernarvon and Merioneth-shire ; on the East , Cheshire and S●ropshire ; and on the South , Mountgomery-shire . ( 2 ) The forme thereof is long , growing wider still towards the North-west , & narrower towards the East . It is in length from East to West , one and thirty miles , and in breadth from North to South , seventeen miles : in the whole circuit and circumference , one hundred and foureteen miles . ( 3 ) The ayre is very wholesome and pleasant , yet bleake enough , as exposed to the winds on all sides , and the high hils , wherewith it is in many places environed ; long retaining the congealed snow . The tops whereof , in the Summer time , are the harvest mens Almanacks , by the rising of certain vapours thereon in the mornings , and foreshew a faire day ensuing . ( 4 ) The Soyle is but barren towards the West part : yet the middle , where it lieth flat in a valley , is most fertile . The East side , when it is once past the valley , findeth Nature to be a very sparing niggard of her favours : but next unto Dee it feeleth a more liberall extent of her blessings . The west part is but here and there inhabited , and mounteth up more then the other with bare and hungry hils : yet the leannesse of the soil ( where the hils settle anything flattish ) hath been now a good while begun to be overcome by the diligent pains and carefull industrie of the husbandmen ; for they paring away the upper coat of the earth into certaine Turfes , with a broad kind of spade , pile them up artificially on heaps , and fire them , so as being turned into ashes , and thrown upon the ground so pared , they fructifie the hungry barrennesse and sterilitie of soile , and make the fields bring forth a kind of Rye or Amellcorne , in such plenty , as is hardly to be beleeved . ( 5 ) The ancient Inhabitants of this Countrey were the Ordovices , who be also named Ordovices , or Ordovicae : a puissant and courageous people , by reason they kept wholly in a mountainous place , and took heart even of the soyle it selfe : for they continued longest free from the yoke both of Roman , and also of English dominion . They were not subdued by the Romans before the dayes of the Emperor Domitian ( for then Iulius Agricola cōquered almost the whole Nation ) nor brought under the command of the English , before the Raigne of King Edward the first ; but lived a long time in a lawlesse kind of libertie , as bearing themselves bold upon their owne magnanimitie , and the strength of the Countrey . ( 6 ) The Mountains of this Countrey yeeld sufficiencie of Neat , Sheep , and Goats . The Vallies in most places are very plenteous of Corn , especially Eastward on this side , betwixt the rivers of Alen and Dee ; but the more Westerly part is healthy , and altogether barren . The heart of the Shire shews it self beneath the hils , in a beautifull and pleasant Vale , reaching seventeen miles in length from South to North , & five miles , or ther-abouts , in breadth , and lieth open onely toward the Sea. It is environed on every side with high hils , amongst which , the highest is Moillenlly , on the top whereof is a warlike Fense with Trench and Rampire , and a little Fountain of clear water . From these hils the River Cluyd resorts unto this Vale , and from the very Spring-head ( increased with becks and brooks ) doth part it in twain , running through the midst of it ; whereof in ancient time it was named Strat Cluyd : for Marianus maketh mention of a King of the Strat Cluyd of the Welsh : And at this day it is commonly called Diffryn Cluyd , that is , The Vale of Cluyd . This thing is worthy observation , as a matter memorable , both for admiration and antiquitie , that in the Parish of Llan-sanan within this Countrey , there is a place compasse cut out of the main Rocke by mans hand , in the side of a stony hill , wherein there be foure and twenty seats to sit in , some lesse , some bigger , where children and young men coming to seek their cattell , use to sit , and to have their sports . And at this day they commonly call it Arthurs round Table . ( 7 ) Henry Lacy Earle of Lincolne , obtaining Denbigh by the grant of King Edward the first , after the conviction and beheading of David brother of Llewellin for high treason , was the first that fortified it w th a wal about , not large in circuit , but very strōg , and on the south-side with a fair castle , strengthned with many high towers . But he gave it over , & left the work unfinished , conceiving griefe ( as a sorrowfull father ) that his onely sonne came to untimely death , and was drowned in the Well thereof . The same of this Town spreads it selfe farre for repute , as being reckoned the most beautifull place in all North-Wales : & it is of no lesse report , for the castle adjunct unto it is impregnable for fortificatiō . And this strange accident hapning there in the yeer 1575 deserves not to be omitted , being left as a continual remembrance of Gods mercifull providence and preservation at that time : that where by reason of great Earth-quakes , many people were put into great fear , and had much harme done unto them both within and without their houses , in the Cities of York , Worcester , Glocester , Bristow , Herefored , and in other Countries adjacent , yet in the Shire-hall of Denbigh the bel was caused to toll twice , by the shaking of the earth , and no hurt or hindrance at all either done or received . The governmēt of this town is managed by two Aldermen , & two Bailiffes , who are yeerly elected out of twenty five Burgesses , that are their assistants . It hath one Recorder , one town-Clerk , and two Sergeants at Mace : and by observation of the Mathematicks , the Pole is elevated in the degree of Latitude 53. & 49. scruples , and from the first West point in Longitude 16. and 45. ( 8 ) This County , with them of Flint and Carnarvon-shires , are not divided by pricks into their several hundreds in their Cards , according to the rest of this work , the want of their particulars in the Parliament Rowls so causing it , which for the good of these 3. Shires , I earnestly sought to have supplied from the Nomina Villarum , in their Sheriffes books , & had promise of them that might easily have procured the same . But whether a fearlesse jealousie possessed their spirits , lest the riches of these Shires , by revealing such particulars , should be further sought into , I cannot say : yet this I have observed in all my Survey , that wher least is to be had , the greatest fears are possessed . Take these Shires therefore to be done as I could , and not as I would , that wish both the wealth of them all , and their esteem to be of better regard by those that may do them good . ( 9 ) This Shire then is divided into twelve Hundreds , for the readier ordering of businesses necessary to the State of the Countrey ; wherein are placed 3. Market Towns fit for buying and selling , and other negotiations . It hath 5. Castles to defend her selfe , and to offend her enemies , and 57. Parishes for Gods divine service and worship ; as this Table more particularly expresseth . map of Denbighshire DENBIGH SHIRE ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes , Rivers , and memorable places mentioned in Denbigh-Shire . HVNDREDS in Denbigh-shire . 1. BRomfeild . 2. Yale . 3. Chirkland . 4. Issallet . 5. Vchallet . 6. Istulas . 7. Vochdulas . 8. Kynmerche . 9. Ruthin . 10. Llannerche . 11. Collion . 12. Dogvylyn . A Abenbury . Abergele . Aled Flu. Alen Flu. Alen Bachan Flu. Almere . Alwen Flu. B Bachinbid . Barrog . Barhavern . Bers . Bettus . Bodederis Landegley . Breynegloys . Bystock . C Place Cadogan , Chirk . Chirk Castle . Christioneth Flu. Clawedok Flu. Clawedok Flu. Clocanok . Cluyd Flu. Cluyd Flu. Comon wood . D Dasart . Castle Denas brayn . DENBIGH . Derwen . E Eglos . Egluyseg . Elwy Flu. F Foxholes . Chappell Funhown vaier . G Chappell Garmon . Gresford . Gwenurow Flu. Gwetheryn . Gyrow Flu. H Hauotawern . Hendray . Hespyn Flu. Heullan . Holt parke . Holt Castle . Holyn . I Iscoid Chappell . K Kenlet Flu. Keriog Flu. Chappell Ky . L Llanarmon . Llanarmon . Llanarmon Defrine Keriog . Llanbeder . Llancadwalater . Llanddlas . Llandisilio in Devouret . Llandurnog . Llanegwa●t Abbey Llanelian . Llanelidan . Llanganhaual . Llangedwin . Llangiruew . Langollen . Llangum . Llangwiuen . Llanhiclian . Llankerigedredion Llanrayder . Llanrust . Llansanfrayd in Glyn. Llansanfraid . Llansaiman . Llanshanshare . Llansyllyn . Llanthiged . Llanvaier . Llanvarog . Llanverres . Llanusyd . Llannunnis . Llanyader Amoughnant . Llaruth . Llavaier . Lleuenye . Lleueny Flu. Lleueny . Llynaled . M Manyan Flu. Markwiell . Maysmynan . Melendydar Flu. Moyluinlle hill . Chappell Moynglathe . N Nanclin . Neag Flu. Newhall . P Chappell Pentreuidog . Pergwerne . Plasward . R Ru●bon . RVTHIN . Ryader Flu. S Snediok parke . T Tauat . Tiherion . V Vagli . Veneghtid . W Wheler Flu. Whitchurch . WREXHAM . Y Place Ycha . Yspity . FLINT-SHIRE , stretching out in length , broad at one end , and narrow at another , is not much unlike in fashion to a wedge , a peece of which is cut off by the meeting of Cheshire and Denbigh-shire , South-East in distance some foure miles . It borders East-ward with part of Cheshire , from whence it is garded in length with the River Dee unto the North , which parteth Worral and Flint-shire , till you come to a little Iland called Hell-bree . Northward it is bounded with the Virginian Sea : on the West , a little River , called Cluyd , parteth her and Denbigh-shire asunder : and on the South altogether by Shrop-shire . ( 2 ) This Countrey is nothing Mountainous , as other parts of Wales are , but rising gently all along the River of Dee , makes a faire shew and prospect of her selfe to every eye that beholds her , as well upon the River , being in most places there-abouts foure or five miles broad , as upon the other side thereof , being a part of Cheshire . ( 3 ) The Ayre is healthfull and temperate , without any foggy clouds or fenny vapours , saving that sometimes there ariseth from the Sea , and the River Dee , certaine thick and smoky-seeming mists , which neverthelesse are not found hurtfull to the Inhabitants , who in this part live long and healthfully . ( 4 ) The Clime is somewhat colder there then in Cheshire , by reason of the Sea , and the River that engirts the better part of her ; by which , the Northerne winds being long carried upon the waters , blow the more cold ; and that side of the Countrey upward , that lyeth shoaring unto the top , having neither shelter nor defence , receiveth them in their full power , and is naturally a Bulwarke from their violence unto her bordering neighbours , that maketh the snow to lye much longer there , then on the other side of the River . ( 5 ) The Soile bringeth forth plenty both of Corne and grasse , as also great store of Cattle , but they be little . To supply which defect , they have more by much in their numbers then in other places where they be bigger . Great store of Fish they take in the River of De● , but little from the Sea , by reason they have no Havens or Creekes for boates . No great store of Woods either there or in any other part of Wales are found , it having beene a generall plague unto all the Countrey ever since the head-strong rebellions of their Princes and great men against the Kings of England , that ( in time ) tooke away the principall helpes of their Innovations , by cutting downe their woods , whereof in this Shire there hath heretofore beene great plenty . Fruits are scarce , but Milke , Butter , and Cheese plenty , as also store of Honey , of the which they make a pleasant Wine , in colour like ( in taste not much unlike ) unto Muskadine , which they call Matheglin . Yea , and in the dayes of Giraldus Cambrensis , neere the place now called Holy-Well , was a rich Mine of Silver , in seeking after which , men pierced and pryed into the very bowels of the earth . ( 6 ) The ancient Inhabitants of this Country were the Ordovices , a sturdy people against the Romans , but now most kind and gentle towards the English , and indeed make much of all strangers , except they be crossed , and then they are the contrary . ( 7 ) Places of defence are the Castles of Flint , Hawarden , vulgarly Harden , Treer , Rudland , Mold , Yowley , and Hope : of which Flnt and Harden are the two principall . The Castle of Flint , famous for the benefit it received from two Kings , and for the refuge and reliefe it gave unto the third . It was founded by Henry the second , finished by Edward the first , and long after gave harbour and entertainment to that Noble , but unfortunate Prince , Richard the second , comming out of Ireland , being within her walles a free and absolute King , but no sooner without , but taken prisoner by Henry Bullinbroke , Duke of Lancaster , losing at that time his liberty , and not long after his life . This standeth in the graduation of Latitude 53 55. minutes , in Longitude 17. For the Castle of Hawarden , no record remaines of the first Founder , but that it was held a long time by the Stewards of the Earles of Chester : Howbeit , their resistances did not so generally consist in the strength of their Castles and Fortifications , as in their Mountaines and Hills , which in times of danger served as naturall Bulwarkes and Defences unto them against the force of enemies . As was that which standeth in a certaine strait set about with Woods , neere unto the River Alen , called Coles-hull , that is , Coles-hill , where the English , by reason of their disordered multitude , not ranged close in good array , lost the field , and were defeated , when King Henry the second had made as great preparation as might be to give battell unto the Welsh , and the very Kings Standard was forsaken by Henry of Essex , who was Standard bearer to the King of England in right of inheritance . ( 8 ) This Country hath many shallow Rivers in it , but none of fame and note , but d ee and Cluyde . Howbeit , there is a Spring not farre from Rudland Castle , of great report and antiquity , which is termed Fons Sacer , in English , Holy-Well , and is also commonly called Saint Winefrids Well ; of whom antiquity thus reporteth : That Winefrid a Christian Virgin , very faire and vertuous , was doated upon by a young lustfull Prince or Lord of the Countrey , who not being able to rule his head-strong affections , having many times in vaine attempted and tryed her chastitie , both by rich gifts and large promises , could not by any meanes obtaine his desires ; he therefore ( in a place of advantage ) suddenly surprized and ravished her weake ( yet resisting ) body . After the deed done , the cruell Tyrant , to stop her cryes and acclamations , slew her , and cut off her head : out of which place did suddenly arise a Spring that continueth to this day , carrying from the Fountaine such a forcible streame and current , as the like is not found in Christendome . Over the head of the Spring there is built a Chappell of free-stone , with Pillars curiously wrought and ingraved , in the Chancell whereof , and Glasse-window , the picture of the Virgin is drawne ; together with the memoriall of her life and death . To this Fountaine Pilgrims are accustomed to repaire in their zealous , but blind devotion ; and divers others resort to bathe in , holding firmely that the water is of much vertue . There be many red stones in the bottome of this Well , and much greene mosse growing upon the sides : the superstition of the people holding that those red spots in the stones were drops of the Ladies blood , which all the water in the Spring can never wash away ; and that the mosse about the wall was her haire , which though some of it be given to every stranger that comes , yet it never wasteth . But howsoever this be carried for truth by the tradition of time , the mosse it selfe smells exceeding sweet . There is also hard by Kilken ( a small village ) within this County , a little Well of no great note , that at certain times riseth and falleth , after the manner of Sea-tides . ( 9 ) In the South part of this Country , divided from the rest , is a place ( in some written Copies of Antonine , called Bovium ) which we now terme Banchor , first a City , and afterwards a Monastery of famous memory , and the first that is read of in the world : wherein ( as Beda saith ) were a great number of Monkes , and them divided into seven Companies , every one having his severall Ruler assigned . None of these Companies had lesse then three hundred persons devoted to prayer , and to get living by their owne labour , for themselves and the poore : although it hath long since been utterly ruinate , so as now there is scarce seene the face and outward shew of a dead Citie or Monastery . It hath only the names of two Gates remaining , one standing a mile distant from another , and betwixt which the River Dee now runneth , where are oftentimes found many peec●s of Roman Coine , and other tokens of antiquity . But of these shall be more mention made in the following History . Another like Monastery , but of lesser accompt , stood in the Vale beneath Varis ( a little Citie placed by the Romans in the confines of this Shire and Denbigh-shire ) and upon the Banke of Elwy and Cluyd : This the Britaines call Llan-Elwy , of the River ; the Englishmen , Asaph , of the Founder ; and the Historiographers , Asaphensis . It is more famoused for antiquity , then for building or bravery : for about the yeare 560. Kentigern Bishop of Glasco , being sled hither out of Scotland , placed here a Bishops See , and erected a Monastery gathering together 663. in a religious brotherhood , whereof three hundred that were unlearned , gave themselves to husbandry , and to worke within the Monastery ; the rest to prayer and meditations . When he returned into Scotland , he ordained Asaph , a godly and upright man , to be Governour over this Monastery , of whom it took the name , and is called Saint Asaphs . Another Monastery of great account was at Basingwarke in this County , neere unto which began that admirable Ditch drawne thence unto the mouth of Severne by King Offa , the Tract whereof I have expressed thorow this Shire , and will further speake thereof in the following History . ( 10 ) This Shire is divided into five Hundreds , fortified with seven Castles , hath only one Market-Town , and twenty eight Parishes , in which there is continuall celebration of divine Service . map of Flintshire FLINT-SHIRE ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes , Rivers , and memorable places mentioned in Flint-shire . HUNDREDS in Flint-shire . 1. MOuld . 2. Mailers . 3. Rudland . 4. Prestrattyn . 5. Coleshill . A Alen. Alen Flu. S. Asaph . Llan Asaphe . B Bangor . Basingwarke . Bottesley . Broughton . Bruerton . Burton . C CAIER W●S . Cluyn Flu. Combe . Cornish . D Darland Greene. Demyrchion . Nether Droitwiche . Over Droitwiche . Dyffyrdwy , or Dee Flu. Dyssart . E Escoyte Hall. F Fens Hall. Flint . G Gronant . Gulgrave . Gwenusker . H Hanmere . Harden Castle . Haulton . Holiwell . Horsheath . K Kilken . Kinnerton . M Maghegreg . Meliden . Merford . Molde . Moston . N Nannarch . Chapell Nerquoyes . Northop . O Clawdh Offa , or Offas ditch . Old parke . Orton madok . P Penley Chappell . Potruthan . Potuary . Prestatin . R Relusnoyde . Rudland Castle . S Sevion Flu. Skiviog . T Tegidog Flu. Talarkrey . Treer Castle . Trethyn . Trevealen . W Wheler Flu. Whitford . Whitwell Chappell . Willington . Worthenbury . Y Yowley Castle . Yowley Hill. CAERNARVON-SHIRE . CHAPTER XIIII . CAernarvon-shire , in Welsh , Sire Ca-er-ar-von , so called because it is just over against Anglesey , ( which the Britaines call Mon , ) and in cōposition was termed also Snowden Forrest , before Wales was laid into Shires ; the North-side whereof and the West butt●th upon the Irish-Sea , the South-side is inclosed with Merioneth , and the East with Denbigh-shires , from which it is severed by the River Conwey . ( 2 ) The forme thereof is much like a wedge , long and narrow toward the South , and growing still wider towards the North : so that from Pevenkel-point South-ward , to Or●s-head-point North-ward , are fortie Miles , from the River Conwey East-ward , to the River Llenoy West-ward , Miles twenty : and the whole circumference one hundred and ten Miles . ( 3 ) The Ayre is sharpe and piercing , by reason that the Countrey hath not naturall provision to ensconce her self against the extremity of winds and weather : but especially as may be thought , through the continuance of the Snow on the hills , which also exclude the Sunnes aspect and warmth . ( 4 ) The soile cannot be much commended for the fertility , except those parts of the Sea-coasts , which lye on the West toward Ireland : but for the heart of this Shire , it is altogether mountainous , as if Nature had a purpose here , by rearing up these craggy hills so thicke together , strongly to compact the joynts or this our Iland , aud to frame the Inland part thereof for a ●it place of refuge to the Britaines , against those times of adversity which afterward did fall upon them ; for no Armie though never so strongly , or scarce any Travellers , though never so lightly appointed , can find passage among those so many rough and hard Rockes , so many Vales , and Pooles here and there , crossing all the wayes , as ready obstacles to repell any inroades of forraine assailants . These Mountaines may not unfitly be termed the British Alpes , as being the most vaste of all Britaine , and for their steepnesse and cragginesse not unlike to those of Italy , all of them to wring up into the Ayre , and round encompassing one farre higher then all the rest , peculiarly called Snowdon-Hill , though the other likewise in the same sense , are by the Welsh termed Craig Eriry , as much as Snowy Mountaines , taking their name as doth ( by Plinies testimony ) Niphates in Armenia , and Imaus in Scythia : For all the yeare long these lye mantelled over with Snow hard crusted together , though otherwise for their height they are open and lyable both to the Sunne to dissolve them , and the winds to over-sweep them . ( 5 ) The ancient Inhabitants of this Country were the Ordovices , of whom we have sufficiently spoken in the description of the former Provinces ; neither need I insist either upon the pleasures or profits that this Country yeeldeth , by reason of the great affinity it hath both of Climate and Commodities with Denbigh-shire and Flint-shire before mentioned : But this beyond the other in some places breeds certaine Shel-fishes , which being conceived by an heavenly dew bring forth Pearles , in ancient times more reckoned of then now they are . ( 6 ) Touching places of note , that City is very ancient which the Emperour Antonine calleth Segontium , taking name of a River running by , which at this day is called Seioni : some reliques of the walls whereof doe yet appeare , neere unto a little Church consecrated to the honour of Saint Publicius . This City Ninnius calleth Caer Custenith , which some interpret the City of Constantine . Indeed Mathew Westminster saith ( how true I know not ) that Anno 1283. here was found the body of Constantius ( Father to great Constantine ) which King Edward the first caused to be sumptuously bestowed in the Church of the new City , which he raised out of the ruines of the old , and is now called Caernarvon , which giveth name to this whole Shire . The Towne it selfe yeeldeth a most excellent prospect towards the Sea , and is incompassed ( in a manner ) round with the walls of the Castle : so as we may say , it is a City within a Castle , which taketh up the whole West-side of it : and great pity it is , that so famous a worke should not be perpetuous , or ever become the ruin of time , which is much feared , for the mercilesse underminings of the Sea , that with her daily and forcible irruptions never ceaseth to wash away the foundations of the key . The people of this Towne are well approved for courtesie , and also Civill Government , which is administred by the Constable of the Castle ( who is ever Major by Patent ) having the assistance of one Alderman , two Bailiffes , two Sergeants at Mace , and one Town-Clerke . The Townesmen doe not a little glory that King Edward the second was borne there , in a Tower of the Castle , called Eagle-Tower , and surnamed of Caer-nar-von , he being the first Prince of Wales of the English line . The site of this Towne according to Mathematicall observation is in the degree of Longitude 15. and 50. scruples from the first West-point , and the Pole elevated in Latitude 53. and 50. Bangor , the Bishops See , though it be now but a small Towne , yet was it in times past so large , that for the greatnesse therof it was called Banchor Vaur , that is , Great Banchor ; which Hugh Earle of Chester fortified with a Castle : But it hath been long since utterly ruinated and laid levell with the ground , insomuch as there is not any footing to be found , or other monuments left thereof , although they have been sought with all diligent enquiry . This Bishops See hath within the Dioces ninety six Parishes . But the ancient Church which was consecrated unto Daniel , sometime Bishop thereof , was defaced and set on fire by that notorious Rebell Owen Glendowerdwy , who had a purpose also to destroy all the Cities of Wales , for that they stood for the King of England . And though the same Church was since repaired about the time of King Henry the seventh , yet hath it scarce recovered the resemblance of her former dignity . The River Conwey ( which limiteth this Shire on the East-side ) is in Ptolemy by corruption or ignorance of Transcribers called Toisovius , in stead of Cononius , whence Canonium ( a Town mentioned by Antonine ) took name : and albeit both it , and its name be now utterly extinct , yet is there a covert remembrance thereof in the new name of a poore Village , standing among the rubbish thereof , called Caer-hean , ( that is ) The ancient City : Out of the spoyle whereof K. Edward the first , built a new Towne at the Rivers mouth , termed thereupon Aber-Conwey , ( that is ) the mouth of Conwey , which being formerly fortified by Hugh of Chester , and strongly situated and fenced both with wals and a faire Castle by the Rivers side , deserves rather the name of a City then a Town , if it were more populous and traffiqued with Inhabitants . Neither must I here forget Newin , though but a small Market-Towne , for that it pleased the English Nobles Anno 1284. to honour it and the memory of King Arthur , with triumphant celebrity , after they had subdued the rebellious Ring-leaders of Wales . ( 7 ) Other matters of memorable note this Countrey affordeth not much , unlesse perhaps this ; That just over against the River Conwey , where it issueth into the sea , there sometime stood an ancient City named Diganwey , which many yeares ago was consumed by lightning , and so made utterly desolate , as many other monuments have been , of ancient and worthy memory . As likewise that in the Poole Lin-Peris , there is a kind of Fish called there Torcoch , having a red belly , no where else seene . For touching these two other miracles famoused by Giraldus and Gervasius , that on those his high Hills there are two Pooles called the Meares , the one of which produceth great store of fish , but all having only one eye , and in the other there is a moveable iland , which as soone as a man treadeth on , it forthwith floateth a great way off , whereby the Welsh are said to have often scaped and deluded their enemies assailing them : these matters are out of my Creed , and yet I think the Reader had rather beleeve them , then to go to see whether it be so or no. It is traded with five Market-Towns fit for bargaining , buying & selling , fortified with four Castles , and hath sixty eight Parish-churches in it , where the Inhabitants concurre and meet together for the celebration of divine Service . map of Carnarvonshire CAERNARVON BOTH SHYRE AND Shire-towne with the ancient Citie BANGOR described . Anno Domini 16●0 ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes , Rivers and memorable places mentioned in Caernarvon-Shire . A ABERCONWY Abereach . Apennant . B BANGOR . Bardesey Iland . Bednell . Bedskrethlim . Bedsyllin . Bethkelert . Bettus Seyrionython . Bettus Garmon . Botunog . Bodvean . Bodverin Chappel . Braychypult point . Bryncrois . Brimmoyle . Brynyryn . C Caier Ierienrode . Caierhean . CARNARVAN . Carngugh Chappel . Carrog Flu. Carodinbill-rocke . Clenoguaure . Clenunay . Conwy Flu. Llyn Coulwyd , D Daren Flu. Castle Delbadern . Dinas Orveg . Dinas Dynlle . Llyn Dolathelan . Dolathelan Castle . Dolbemer . Dowye Gonulchy . E Earch Flu. Edarne . Eglos-rosse . Saint Elyn . F Funnon Llegoe . G Gastell Flu. Girch Flu. Guffin Flu. Guffin . Gwely Flu. Gwelyn Island . Gwider . K Saint Katherins . Kenhayerne Chappell . Kerig Chappell . Keveamulch . Kreky the Castle . Kydeo . L Llanaber . Llanarmon . Llanbeblin . Llanbedro . Llanbeder . Llanberis . Llyn Llanberis . Llancastyn . Llandaguinnim . Llandidno . Llandidwen . Llandigaio . Llandrighla . Llandurog . Llangeby . Llangedol Chappell , or Pentire . Llangenvill Chappell . Llanghennyn . Llangustennyn . Llanken . Llanlledhyd . Llanlleveny , Llannor . Llanpenmachno . Llanrughwen . Llannyhangle . Enreage . Llanihangle . Maghholet . Llannunda . Llanyngan . Llanstidwy . Llanthaniolen . Llanvaier vachan . Llanvaier Iskaer . Llanvaie Irise . Llanvaglan . Llanvylhayrne . Lledder Flu. Lleggy Flu. Llenony Flu. Lloinderis . Glyn Llynan . Llynan Flu. Llyndothadern . Llynhaladoylen . Llynkeggil . Llynmumber . Llyntrevennin . Llynnydulyn . Llynyga . M Madryn . Mapanab . May Flu. Mercrosse Island . Mildeyrne . Monithnuehill . N Nangunadle . Naulle . NEWIN . O Ogwen Chappell . Ormeshead point . P Penlleache . Penmen maur . Penmen bychan . Pen morvay . Penry . Penryn . Penvenkle point . Pistill . Porlerit Flu. Porthathuferye . PUL LHELY . R Rhiw . Ryvill Hill. S Saint Flu. Sinadon Castle . Snowdown Hill. Stidwell Island . T Teduelion . Thenuio . Traythe Maur. Trevelis . Tycomer point . ANGLESEY . CHAPTER XV. ANGLESEY was in the time of the Romanes called Mona , by the Britains Mon , and Tir-Mon ( that is ) the Land of Mon , of the ancient English Saxons Moneg : And at last , after the Englishmen had by their sharp and severall assaults brought it under their rule , and became Lords thereof , it was termed Anglesey , as one would say , The Englishmens Island . ( 2 ) For , an Island it is , albeit it be severed from the Continent of Britaine , but with a small and narrow straight of the River Menai , and on all other parts beaten upon with the surging and troublous Irish sea , in which it lieth somwhat square-wise , not much different in length and breadth ; being where it reacheth out in length , from Beau-marish East-ward to the utmost Promontorie West-ward , which we call Holy-head , twentie miles , and in bredth from Llanbaderik North-ward , to the point of Menai Southward , seventeen miles ; the whole circuit or circumference amounting towards seventie miles . ( 3 ) The aire is reasonable gratefull and healthfull , and not generally subject to diseases , excepting certain Agues at sometimes , which are occasioned by the fogs and mi●ty exhalations , which arise from the Sea , called Mare Virginium , with the which this Isle is encompassed . ( 4 ) The commodities that commend ( or rather beautifie ) this County , are in corne and cattle , wherewith it not only enricheth it self exceedingly , but sendeth out great provision thereof to others to supply their defects : and although the ground may seeme dry and stony , or unpleasant and nothing sightly , wherein for the outward quality it resembleth some other parts of Wales , that are not so fruitfull , yet for the inward bounties of nature , it is farre unlike : for above all the coasts of Wales it is most plentifull of Wheat , in so much as by Giraldus Cambrensis report , they are wont to say in Welsh , by way of a Proverbe , Mon Mam Cambry , which is to say , Mon is the mother of Wales ; for that when other Countries harvest fails round about , or their provision is exhaust and drawne dry , this alone , like a provident & full-brested mother , is able to sustain the rest . Whereunto Nature most povidently hath added another benefit serviceable and necessary to the former , in that the Countrey produceth also those kinde of stones which are called Molares , as of all other fittest to make Mill-stones or Grind-stones . In some places also it yeeldeth an earth of Aluminous qualitie , out of which some not long since began to make Alom and Coperose , who ( like unflesht souldiers ) gave over their enterprise without further hope , because at first they saw it not answer their over-hastie expectations . ( 5 ) The ancient Inhabitants of this Countrey were the Ordovices , mentioned before in the precedent Provinces of Denbigh-shire , Flint-shire , and Carnarvon-shire . And this very Island was that ancient , & so much enobled seat of the British Druids , who so amated the army of Romane invaders , as Tacitus reports , & as els-where we have related in the 6 t Book and 7th chapter of our ensuing History . ( 6 ) This Nation was attempted first by Paulinus Suetonius in the raigne of Nero , but brought under the Romane Empire by Iulius Agricola . When the Empire of the Romanes in Britaine began to decline and goe downe-ward , some out of Ireland entred into this Isle by stealth , and nestled themselves there , as may be gathered by certaine Mounts of earth entrenched about , and yet to be seene , which they call the Irish-mens Cottages : as also by a place named of the Irish-men , yn Hiericy Gwidil , who did there ( as is recorded ) put the Britains to flight under the leading of Sirigus . The Norwegians also were often infestuous to this Island , but K. Ethelreds Fleet , having in the yeere 1000. scoured the Seas round about this Isle , farre exceeded all both Irish and Norwegian depopulations , for they wasted the Countrey in all hostile manner . ( 7 ) After this , two Hughs , both Normans , did greatly afflict this Island . The one being Earle of Chester , and the other of Shrewesbury ; at which very time Maginus the Norwegian arriving there , shot Hugh Earle of Shrewesbury thorow with arrow , and departed after he had ransacked the Island . It was afterwards grievously infested by the Englishmen , who never gave over from time to time to invade it , untill in the raign of King Edward the first , it was wholly brought under his subjection . ( 8 ) The principall Towne in this Isle is Beaumarish , which the said King Edward the first built in the East side thereof , and for the faire situation , though in a Moorish place , gave it the name which it now beareth , whereas in times past it was called Bonover , which hee also fortified with a goodly Castle . ( 9 ) The Major is the chiefest Magistrate of the Towne , who is yearely chosen , and hath the assistance and help of two Bayliffes , two Sergeants at Mace , and one Towne-Clerke : by whose carefull diligence the affairs of this Towne are orderly managed and commanded : whose latitude is 54. and longitude 15.45 . minutes . ( 10 ) Not far from hence is Lhaanvais , in times past a faire Religious house of the Friers Minors , which although it be now in a manner razed out of memory , yet antiquity maketh mention that it hath beene of great regard among the Kings of England , who have shewed themselves very bountifull Patrons unto that Covent , both in respect of the sanctimonious life of such as conversed there , as also because there the bodies of very eminent persons ( as the daughter of K. Iohn , the son of a King of the Danes , as likewise of many great Lords , Knights and Squires ) were interred , that were slaine in the wars against the Welsh , in the times of many illustrious Kings of England . ( 11 ) This Isle is reckoned to have had anciently many Villages in it , even to the number of three hundred threescore and three ; and the same even at this day is very well peopled . The division of this Isle for disposition of affairs that belong either to the state of the Crowne , or to the condition of the countrey , is into six hundreds : in which are seated two Market-towns , and seventie-foure Parish-Churches for Gods divine honour and worship , as is Alphabetically gathered in the Table following . map of Anglesey ANGLESEY Antiently called MONA . Described 1680 ¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes , Rivers , and memorable places mentioned in Anglesey . HVNDREDS in Anglesey . 1. TAlibolion . 2. Twrkelyn . 3. Llyfon . 4. Malltraeth . 5. Meney . 6. Tyndaythwy . A Aberfro , Mall . Abermenai ferye , Meney . Alow Flu. Amlwoch , Twrk . B. BEWMARIS , Tyn. Boddon , Mall . Bodedrin , Llyf. Bodmon hill , Twrk . Bodowervcha , Meney . Bodowerissa , Meney . Bodwrog , Lly . Brant Flu. Brant Flu. C Caergiby , Taly . D Dinas wethon , Taly . Dulas Flu. G Gronait , Taly . Gweger Flu. Gynt Flu. H Hardravie , Meney . Henregadog , Men. Hillary point , Twrk . Holy-head , Taly . I Inys wealt , Llyf. Inys lygod , Twrk . Chappell Ithon , Twrk . K Saint Katherins , Tyn. Kevenye Flu. Kirghhiog , Llyf. L Llanallgo , Twrk . Llanarghymeath . T. Llanbabo , Taly . Llanbadrig , Taly . Llanbedor , Tyn. Llanbeullan , Llyf. Llanddniolvab , Mene. Llandegvayne , Tyn. Llandruum , Meney . Llandona , Tyn. Llandourodok Twrk . Llandisilio , Tyn. Llandrygarn , Llyf. Llandifrydog , Twrk . Llaneaston , Tyn. Llanedwen , Meney . Llaneigred , Twrk . Llaneleth frenyn , Twrk . Llanelian , Twrk . Llanfechel , Taly , Llhanfinan , Meney . Llanflewin , Taly . Llangaffo , Meney . Llangefin , Meney . Llangnewin , Meney . Llangriftioles , Mall . Llangourday , Tyn. Llangoyhlog , Mall . Llangwildog , Llyf. Llangwyfen , Mall . Llangyd , walader , Mall . Llangynwen , Mall . Llanheneglos , Mall . Llanllawen vawryn ros golyn , Mene. Llanllibio , Llyf. Llanridfel , Meney . Llanridlad , Taly . Llauroderis , Twrk . Llanrwydrys , Taly . Llansadurne , Tyn. Llansanfraid , Taly . Llanthowywer , Me. Llanthufuam , Tyn. Llanvachraith , Taly . Llanvaethly , Taly . Llanvaier , up wradige , Twr . Llanvaier , Taly . Llanvaiet eubroll , Llyf. Llanvaier Inhenering , sithay , Tyn. Llanvair ycromwd , Men. Llanvaiergwin pull gingill , Ty. Llanvair ynghowrnyw , Tal. Llanvailog , Llyf. Llanvais , Tyn. Llanverion , Mall . Lanvigail , Taly . Llanvihangle ymhemros , Twr . Llanvihangell , Llyf. Llanvihangle yskiwiog , Men. Llanvihangell tre●z bard , Tw . Llanuwrog , Taly . Llnwenllwife , Twrk . Llanyddeysant , Taly . Llanyughenell , Llyf. Llanyhangel , Tyn. Llany trysavit , Llyf. Llech ryd , Llyf. Llech-gyn farwy , Llyf. Llinon Flu. Lloydearth , Twrk . Lluidon , Meney . Llyn Corran , Mall . M Chappell Maier , Mall . Malltraeth Flu. Mathhanan Flu. Menai flu . N NEWBVRGH , M. Place Newith , Tyn. P Penmynid , Meney . Pentreath , Tyn. Pontrid pont , Taly . Pontourid , Tyn. Porthamble , Mene. Porthathuferye , Tyn. Preceadduet , Llyf. Prestholme Island , Tyn. The Priorye , Tyn. R Redgynt , Meney . Redigilio , Meney . Rosbeiro , Twrk . Rownd Table hill , Tyn. S Saint Sirian , Tyn. The Sound , Tyn. T Chappell Talallayn , Mall . Talyllin , Twrk . Tresdraeth , Mall . Tregavon , Mene. Trevarthin , Mene. Trewalchmay , Llyf. Trysylwin hils , Tw . Y Ycoedon , Twrk . Chappell Yloughroid . Taly . THE THIRD BOOKE : Containing , A GENERALL VIEVV OF THE KINGDOME OF SCOTLAND : THE COVNTIES DIVIDED , AND ILANDS THEREOF DESCRIBED , AS BY OTHERS HATH BEEN OBSERVED . WITH A BRIEFE RELATION OF SVNDRY MEMORABLE THINGS THEREIN CONTAINED . BY JOHN SPEED . LONDON , Printed by Iohn Legatt , for William Humble . 1646. Cum Privilegio . DIEV ET MON DROIT ✚ HONI ✚ SOIT ✚ QVI MAL ✚ Y ✚ PENSE The Divisions of SCOTLAND . THIS KINGDOM IS PRINCIPALLY DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS ; NORTH AND SOVTH OF THE RIVER TAYE . IN THE NORTH . COVNTRIES . 1 Loquabrea . Buquhan . 8 2 Braidalbin . Murray . 9 3 Perth . Rosse . 10 4 Athol . Sutherland . 11 5 Anguish . Cathanes . 12 6 Mern . Strathnavern . 13 7 Marr.   IN THE SOVTH . 1 Teifidale . Arran . 12 2 Merch. Cluydesdale . 13 3 Lauden . Lennox . 14 4 Liddesdale . Stirling . 15 5 Eskedale . Fife . 16 6 Annandale . Strathern . 17 7 Niddesdale . Menteith . 18 8 Galloway . Argile . 19 9 Carrick . Cantire . 20 10 Kyle . Lorn . 21 11 Cunningham .   SVBDIVIDED , ACCORDING TO THEIR CIVILL GOVERNMENT . COVNTRIES . OR SHERIFDOMES . Edenburgh . Perth . Linlythque . Clackmannan . Selkirk . Kinros . Roxburgh . Fife . Peblis . Kincardin . Berwick . Forfair . Lanark . Aberden . Renfrew . Bamff . Dunfreis . Elgin . Wighton . Forres . Ayre . Narne . Bute . Innernesse . Argyle . Cromartie . Tarbet . Orknay . Dunbarton . Shetland . STEVVARDIES . Menteith . Kircudbright . Strathern . Annandale .   BAILERIES . Kyle .   Carrick .   Cunningham .   CONSTABLERY . Hadington . ALL FOR THE BEST THE TYPE OF THE FAMOVS KINGDOM OF SCOTLAND , VVITH A GENERALL DESCRIPTION OF SVNDRY THINGS REMARKEABLE THEREIN . CHAPTER I. SCOTLAND , the second Kingdome of Great Britaine , and the North part of the Iland , hath on the East the Germane Ocean , on the North , the Orkneyes , and Deucalidon Sea , the West affronted with Ireland , and the South hath the River Tweed , the Cheviot Hils , and the adjacent Tract , reaching to the Sulway Sands , whereby it is separated from England . ( 2 ) This Kingdome is faire and spacious , and from these South-borders spreadeth it selfe wide into the East and West , till againe it contracts it selfe narrower unto the Northerne Promontories : furnished with all things befitting a famous Kingdome ; both for Aire and Soyle , Rivers , Woods , Mountaines , Fish , Fowle , and Cattle , and Corne so plenteous , that it supplyeth therewith other Countreys in their want . The people thereof are of good feature , ●●●ong of body , and of couragious minde , and in warres so venturous , that scarce any service of note hath been performed , but that they were with the first and last in the field . Their Nobilitie and Gentry are very studious of learning , and all civill knowledge ; for which end they not onely frequent the three Vniversities of their own Kingdom ( S. Andrews , Glasco , and Edenborough , the Nurseries of Pietie , and Mansions of the sacred Muses ) but also much addict themselves to travell into forein Countries . ( 3 ) The Counties contained in this Kingdome are many , and every where bestrewed with Cities , Townes , and Borrowes , as is that of England : and , as England , I entended to describe it , had I not been happily prevented by a learned Gentleman of that Nation , who hath most exactly begun , and gone through the greatest difficulties thereof ; to build upon whose foundations , I hold it injurious : and am so farre from any ambition to prevent his noble purposes , that I heartily wish all happy furtherances thereto , with a longing desire to see , by his industrious labours , another Scene added to the perfecting of the Theater of Britains Glory . ( 4 ) Yet , in the meane while , lest I should seeme too defective in my intendments , let me without offence ( in this third , though short Book ) give onely a generall view of that Kingdome , upon observations from others ; which to accomplish by mine own survey ( if others should hap to fayle , and my crazy aged body will give leave ) is my chiefe desire ; knowing the Iland furnished with many worthy remembrances appertaining both unto them and us , whom GOD now hath set under one Crowne : and the rather , for that their more Southerne people are from the same Originall with us the English , being both alike the Saxon branches : as also , that the Picts anciently inhabiting part of that Kingdome , were the inborne Britains , and such as thither sled to avoyd the Romane servitude : whose names began first to be distinguished under Dioclesian the Emperour , when they were termed Picti , for painting their bodies , like the Britains , as saith Flavius Vegetius : which is more strengthened , for that the Northerne Britains converted by Saint Columb , are called Britaine Picts . ( 5 ) But the Highland-men ( the naturall Scot indeed ) are supposed to descend from the Scythians , who with the Getes infesting Ireland , left both their Issue there , and their manners , apparent in the Wild Irish even to this day : And from Scythae ( as is thought ) the name of Scot grew ; for so the Netherlanders by Scutten expresse indifferently the Scythian or Scot : so Gildas calleth the Irish Britains , Scythians : so King Elfred in translating the History of Orosius , turneth Scotos into Scyttan : and so saith Walsingham , from one and the same originall Scythae , Scytici , Scotae , Scotici , take their names , as from Getae , Getici , Gothi , Gothici have done . ( 6 ) Their Manners were alike , saith Diodurus Siculus , and Strabo , and their garments not much differing , as by Sidonius Apollinaris may be gathered , where he seemeth rather to describe the moderne Wild Irish , then the antike Gete . Notwithstanding this Nations Originall by some hath been derived from Scota , the supposed Daughter of the Aegyptian King Pharaoh , that nourished Moses , afterwards married unto Gaithelus , the sonne of Cecrops , ( Founder of Athens ) who first seating in Spaine , passed thence into Ireland , and lastly into Scotland , where his wife Scota gave Name to the Nation ; if we beleeve that they hit the marke , who shoot at the Moone . ( 7 ) But that the Scythians came into Spain , ( besides the Promontory bearing their Name Scythicum ) Silius Italicus , a Spaniard born , doth shew , who bringeth the Concavi , a Nation therein seated , from the Massagetae , which were the Scythians ; and the Sarmatae , whom all confesse to have been Scythians , were the builders ( as he saith ) of the Citie Susanna in Spain . And how from Spain they possessed themselves of Ireland , ( at the time when the Kingdome of Iudah flourished ) Ni●ius the Disciple of Elvodugus doth tell , and their own Histories of Nemethus and Delas , besides Cisnerus and others , doe shew ; who were first knowne by the name of Scots , as is gathered out of Porphyry ( alledged by S. Ierome ) in the Raigne of Aurelianus the Emperour . Gildas calleth them the Irish Spoilers : Giraldus , A Scotish Nation , d●scended from Ireland : which in regard of them by Eginhardus is termed The Ile of Scots : by Beda , The I le inh●bited by the Scots ; and by other Historians , Scotland the great ; as their seat in Britaine was called Scotland the lesse . ( 8 ) These , when the Romane Empire was farre in the wane , burst into Britaine under Reuda their Captaine , who entring amitie with the Picts , possessed the North part of the Iland , and assisted them against the Britaines , then ready to fall , when the Romanes were gone . But these afterward entertaining dissensions amongst themselves , put the hazard of their estates on the tryall and chance of one dayes battell , fought betwixt them in the yeere of Salvation , 740. wherein the Picts not onely lost their lives , but soone after even their very name also , and Fortune crowning the Scots with victory , advanced their Kingdome unto such fame and strength , that the same hath long continued without any absolute Conquest or surprise , against the assaults of whatsoever enemies . ( 9 ) Scotlands South part in Galloway , washed with the water of Solway Bay , toucheth the degree 56. of Latitude , and thence inbosoming many Loughes and In-lets upon the East and West , extendeth it selfe unto the degree 60. and 30. minutes ; whose Longitude is likewise laid betwixt the degree 13. and 19. and the same growne very narrow , being so neere the North-Pole , as lying directly under the hindermost Stars of the Greater Beare . ( 10 ) The whole Kingdome is divided into two parts by the great River Tay ; the South whereof is the more populous , and more beautified in manners , riches , and civiliti●● the North more rude , retaining the customes of the Wild-Irish , the ancient Scot , in whose severall Territories these Counties ensuing are contained .   South .   North. Teifidale . Galloway . Stirling . Loqunbreo . Buquhan . Merch. Carricke . Fife . Braidalbin . Murrey . Laudien . Kyle . Strathern . Perth . Rosse . Liddesdale . Cunningham . Menteith . Athol . Sutherland Eskedale . Arran . Argile . Aug●is . Cathanes . Annandale Cluidesdale . Cantire . Merns . Strathnavern . Niddesdale Lennox . Lorne . Mar.   map of Scotland THE KINGDOME OF SCOTLAND Amongst the things worthy of note of Antiquitie in this Kingdome , most memorable was that Fortification drawn from Abercorne upon the Frith of Edenborough , unto Alcluyd , now Dunbritton , opening upon the West Sea , where Iulius Agricola set the limit of the Romane Empire ; past which , saith Tacitus , there was not other bounds of Britaine to be sought for : and that here the second Legion Augusta , and the twentieth Legion Victrix , built a part of the Wall , certaine Inscriptions there digged up , and reserved at Dunloyr and Cader , doe witnesse : as also an ancient coped Monument of an high and round compasse , which , as some thinke , was a Temple consecrated unto the god Terminus : others , a Trophey , raised by Carausius , who fortified this Wall with seven Castles , as Ninius doth declare . ( 12 ) At this place began the great and darke Wood Caledonia , famous for the wilde white Buls that therein were bred , whose Manes were Lion-like , thicke and curled , of nature fierce and cruell , and so hatefull to mankinde , that they abhorred whatsoever was by them handled or breathed upon : these Woods stretched farre and wide with many turnings , darke shades , and dreadfull dens , and so famous in the Romane Writers , that they often used that name for all Britaine ; whose inhabitants were the last in this Iland , that yeelded their necks to the yoake of subjection , as shall appeare in our following Story . ( 13 ) Ninius a Britaine is recorded to have converted the South-Picts unto the Faith of Christ , in the Raigne of Theodosius the younger , and the Church in Galloway bearing his name doth witnesse it : so likewise in the same age Palladius sent from Pope Coelestine , becam● an Apostle unto the Scots , whose reliques lay enshrined at Fordon in Mernis , as was verily supposed : but that Christianitie had been formerly planted in this uttermost Province , is testified by Tertullian , in saying the Britaines had embraced the faith further then the Romans had power to ●ollow or persecute them , whereupon Peter Monke of Clun in Spaine , concludeth their conversion to be more ancient then the Southern Britaines . ( 14 ) But touching things observable for the present , surely admirable is the report of the plentie of Cattle , Fish , and Fowle there abiding : their Neat but little , yet many in number : Fish so plentifull , that men in some places ( for delight ) on horse-backe hunt Salmons with Speares : and a certaine Fowle , which some call Soland Geese , spreading so thicke in the Aire , that they even darken the Sunnes light ; of whose flesh , feathers , and oyle , the Inhabitants in some parts make great use and gaine ; yea , and even of Fishes brought by them , abundant provision for dyet , as also of the sticks ( brought to make their nests ) plentifull provision for fewell . ( 15 ) With these , as of wonders , I might speake of the natures of those two famous Loughes , Lomund and Nessa , the latter whereof never freezeth in Winter , though never so extreame , and the waters of the other most raging in the fairest and calmest weather , wherein also floateth an Iland that removeth from place to place , as the winde forceth her spongeous and unfastened body . In Buquhan upon the banks of Ratra is a Well , whose trickling drops turne ( in Pyramidy-wise ) into hard stone , and another neere Edenborough that floateth with Bitumen . In Dee and Done , besides the admired plentie of Salmons , is found a Shell-fish , called the Horse-muskell , wherein Pearles are engendred , most precious for Physicke , and some of them so Orient , that they give not place to the choisest . ( 16 ) No lesse strange then any the fore-mentioned waters , but more lamentable is the remembrance of the great inundation , hapning by the sudden rising of Tay , which bare away the Walles and Towne of Berth , and with it the Cradle and young son of King William into the Sea , wherein the Royall Infant with many others perished , the King and his Courtiers hardly escaping the danger , with life . The ●uine of this Towne raised another more famous , and more commodiously seated , even Perth , since called Saint Iohns-Towne . ( 17 ) Ilands and Inlets yeelding both beautie and subjection to this Scottish Kingdome , are the Westerne , the Orknayes , and the Shetlands , reckoned to be above three hundred in number ; their Inhabitants for the most part using the frugalitie of the ancient Scot. ( 18 ) The Westerne lying scattered in the Deucalidonian Sea , were anciently ruled by a king of their owne , whose maintenance was out of their common Coffers , and the Regall authoritie never continued in Lineall succession , for ( to prevent that ) their Kings were not permitted to have wives of their owne , but might by their Lawes accompany with other mens : as the like * Law was in the other parts of Scotland , that the Virginitie of all new wives , should be the Land-lords prey , till King Malcolme enacted , that * half a marked should be paid for redemption . The residence of those fore-mentioned Kings , was chiefly in Ila , Bunals , and Iona , now Columbkill , where ( as Donald Munro , who travelled thorow these Ilands reporteth ) are three Tombes , having the severall Inscriptions of the Kings of Scotland , of Ireland , and of Norway . ( 19 ) Among these Westerne Ilands , the Hebrides , Skie , Mula , Ila , and Arran , are the greatest : All of them plentifull of Corne , Woods , Salmons , and Herrings , as others of Conies , Deere , Horses , and Sheepe , where in some they are wilde , and in others without any owners ; but the people uncivill , and lacking Religion , they rather live rudely in state of necessitie , then as Lords of these portions which God hath allotted them ; and with a sufferable ease , ignorant of ambition , enjoy those contentments , which some others ( though they no great summe ) doe more laboriously attaine unto by the Precepts of Philosophy : for , feeding themselves with competencie without any excesse , they returne all the overplus unto their Lords , as doe the Inhabitants of Hirta and Rona ; but alas , Religion not knowne among them , these penurious vertues are rather the curses of Cham , then the followings of Christ , who forbids us to be too carefull for the morrow . ( 20 ) The Iles of Orkenay upon the North of Scotland , lying in a most raging and tempestuous Sea , are about three and thirtie in number , whereof thirteene are inhabited , and the other replenished with Cattle : in these are no venemous Serpents , nor other ugly vermine ; the aire sharpe and healthfull , and the soyle apt to beare onely Oates and Barley , but not a sticke of wood : among these , Pomonia is the greatest , accounted and called the Maine-land , affording sixe Minerals of Lead and Tinne , and in her chiefe Towne a Bishops See : wherein are seated twelve Parish-Churches , one of them very Magnificent for so remote a Countrey . ( 21 ) Of all the Romanes , Iulius Agricola first discovered the Orkenayes ; yea , and subdued them , if we will beleeve Tacitus : but Pomponius Mela , that wrote thirtie yeers before him , doth mention them , and Invenal in Hadrians time after him , tels us the Romanes had wonne them ; and lastly , Claudian nameth Saxons that were slaine in them , and so doth Ninius name Octha and Ebissus , Saxon Commanders , who in their roving Pinnaces wasted the Orkenayes . These Ilands Donald Bune the usurper of the Scottish Crowne , gave to the King of Norway for his assistance , and by the Norwegians were they held the space of an hundred and sixtie yeers , untill that Alexander the third King of Scotland , with sword and composition got them from Magnus the fourth , King of Norway , which afterward King Haquin confirmed unto King Robert Bruce : but lastly , Christian the first , King of Norway and Denmarke , utterly renounced all his right to those Ilands , when he gave his Daughter in marriage unto King Iames the third , which deed was further ratified by the Pope , who openeth the way to the possession of Kingdoms with his own key . ( 22 ) More North , and further then this Chart could well expresse , lye the Isles of Shetland , of some thought to be Thule , and by the Commenter upon Horace , the Fortunate Iland , where as Tzetzes fabuleth , the souls of good men are ferryed into those Elizian fields that ever grow greene , and whence Iulius Caesar could hardly be drawne , as Muretus hath written : but their fictions intended onely that the vert●●●●s souls of the dead passed the uttermost bounds of earthly abode , and attained to an over-pleasing repose , and ever-flourishing happinesse ; which whether they borrowed from the description of Paradise , ( taken both for a faire Garden and the souls happie rest ) I cannot define ; but sure they would not have made those fields alwayes greene , if they had seene how they lye ever covered with Ice and Snow , being in the 36. degree of Latitude , as Ptolemie hath placed it , where ( for the most part ) is a continuall Winter : but for proofe that this was the Thule , besides Ptolemies Positure , Saxo Grammaticus betwixt Norway and Scotland hath placed it ; and Solinu● , two dayes sayling from the point of Caledonia : and Tacitus saith , that the Romanes kenned Thule afarre off , as they sayled about Britaine by the Orcades : and lastly , Mela maketh it to face Berge a Citie in Norway . THE FOVRTH BOOKE Containing , THE KINGDOME OF IRELAND . WITH AN EXACT CHOROGRAPHICALL DIMENSION OF THE PROVINCES THEREIN CONTAINED , AND THOSE AGAINE DIVIDED INTO THEIR SEVERALL COVNTIES . TOGETHER , With a compendious Description of that NATION , and ILANDS COMMODITIES . BY IOHN SPEED . LONDON , Printed by Iohn Legatt , for William Humble , 1646. Cum Privilegio . THE PARTICVLAR COVNTIES IN THE FOVRE SEVERALL PROVINCES OF IRELAND , AS NOW THEY ARE DIVIDED , AND LIMITED . MOVNSTER , Limmerick . Kery . Corke . Waterford . Desmond . Holy Crosse , in Typperary . LEINSTER , East Meath . West Meath . Kilkenny . Caterlough . Queenes Countie . Kings Countie . Kildare . Weshford . Dubline . CONNAVGHT , Clare , or , Towmund . Gallaway . Maio. Slego . Letrim . Roscoman . VLSTER , Dunghall , or , Tyr-connell . Tyrone-upper . Tyrone-nether . Farmanagh . Cavon . Monaghan . Colran . Antrim . Doun . Armagh . Lough . DIEV ET MON DROIT ✚ HONI ✚ SOIT ✚ QVI MAL ✚ Y ✚ PENSE ✚ IRELAND , AS IT VVAS , AND IS INHABITED , THE SITE AND COMMODITIES OF THE 1LAND DESCRIBED AND DECLARED . THE Traditions of time have delivered unto us divers names , whereby this famous Island is recorded to have been called : yet none of more faire probabilitie , then that of Orpheus , Aristotle , and Claudian , by whom it is named Ierna : by Iuvenall and Mela called Inverna : by Diodorus Siculus , Iris : by Martian of Heraclea , Ioyepnia : by Eustachius , Oyernia , and Bernia : by the native Inhabitants , Erya : by the Britaines , Yuerdon : the Welsh-bards in their Ballads , Triuolas Totidanan , and Banno : and by the English , Ireland . But from whence these diversities were derived , arise many opinions . Doubtlesse it is , that Hibernia , Inverna and Overnia , came from Ierna , spoken of by Orpheus and Aristotle ; and the same Ierna , as also Iris , Iuerdhon , and Ireland , and Erin , the terme that the Inhabitants now use . From this Erin therefore ( a word proper to the Nation ) the originall is most likely to be deduced . ( 2 ) Some derive Hibernia from Hiberno tempore , that is , from the Winter season ; some from Hiberus a Spaniard ; some from a Duke named Irnalph ; some againe from the ancient River Iberus , and some from Hiere , an Irish word , which signifieth the West , or a westerne coast , whence Erin may also seeme to fetch the derivation : for it lyeth furthest Westward of any Region in all Europe . As also for that the River running in the most remote West part of this Iland , is in Ptolemy called Iernus : like as the furthest western Promontory in Spaine , from whence our Irish men came , is by Strabo called Ierne , and the River next unto it , by Mela , Ierna : yea , and Spaine it selfe , for the Westerne situation , is called Hesperia : the West-Cape of Africke , Hesperium ; and in Germany , Westrich and Westphanlen from their position have their names . Postelius ( a man that rather followed his owne fancy , then the judgement of others ) fetcheth the originall of Ireland from the Hebrewes , as if Irin should be as much as Iurin , that is , the Iewes land : which opinion I hold no better , then those that would have it from the Winter-like stormes , although upon every winde the ayre is cold there . ( 3 ) Festus Avienus , in that little book which he intituled Orae maritimae , calleth Ireland , Sacram Insulam , that is , the holy Iland : to which opinion the people are soone drawne , by reason of the many Saints that the Iland is said to produce , and the blessed soyle that affords no venemous creatures to retaine life . It is thought that Plutarch meant Ireland by his Ogygia , for her great antiquitie ; and of latter times by Isidore and Bede it was called Scotia , of those Scots that inhabited it : and that thence the name of Scotland , together with the Scots themselves , came into Britaine . ( 4 ) For largenesse and circuit , in times past , this Iland challenged the third place in ranke of all the Iles of the then knowne world : for thus have Geographers left us , that the Indian Taproban for greatnesse was the first , the I le of Britaine the next , and this of Ireland the third : and for that cause doth Ptolemy call it the little Britaine . But howsoever Strabo hath extended the breadth , as broad as the length , and others have formed it in shape like an egge , yet latter dimensions have found it far otherwise , twice longer then broad , and may be compared to the forelegge of a Beare , if the Simile breed no offence . Whose East side hath on it that tempestuous Sea that cutteth her channell betwixt England and this Ireland : the West is washed with the westerne Ocean ; the North with the Deucaledonian ; and the South with the Verginian Sea. ( 5 ) The ayre of this Iland is delectable and wholesome , though neither so cleare nor subtile as is ours of England , which ( as Mela saith ) is nothing favourable for the ripening of Corne : but so gratefull to the ground , that it causeth grasse to grow abundantly , not onely fresh and long , but withall very sweet for all Cattle , and in winter is more subject to winde then snow : and that I may use the words of Giraldus , It is of all Countries most temperate , neither forcing the Inhabitants to seek shade from the frying heat of Cancer , nor the chilling cold of Capricorn to drive them to the fire , but at all seasons most milde , betwixt a sufferable cold , and gentle warme heat . ( 6 ) The soyle ( saith Cambreusis ) is uneven , wooddy , wilde , waterish and boggie , so full of Loghs and Meeres , that great ponds of water are found upon the high Mountaines . These indeed make the places somewhat dangerous unto all new commers , by breeding of rheums , dysenteries and fluxes , whose usuall remedie is Vskebah , a wholesome Aqua vitae , that drieth more , and enflameth lesse , then many other hot confections . ( 7 ) The commodities of this Kingdome chiefly consist in Cattle , whose feed is so sweet and so ranke , that they will soone graze to a surfeit , if they may be suffered to feed as they will. Their sheepe are many , but beare not the best wooll , which twice are shorne within one yeare . Of these they make Mantles , Caddowes , and Coverlets , vented from thence into forraine Countries . Their Hobbies likewise are of great esteeme , and are answerable to the Iennets of Spaine . Bees there are in such abundance , that hony is found in holes of old trees , and in re●ts of the rocks . No annoyance of hurtfull Snake or venemous creatures ; and to speake all in a word , nothing wanting for profit or pleasure : for so much doth Giraldus affirme , in saying , that Nature had cast into this Westerne Kingdome of Zephyrus a more gracious eye then was ordinary . ( 8 ) Touching the originall peopling of this faire Iland , if you will beleeve their records , they make Antiquitie it selfe but young unto themselves , affirming the damsell Caesarea , and niece unto Noah , to have found it out before the Floud ; and that three hundred yeares after ; when Iaphets posteritie tooke into these West-parts of the world , one Bartholanus of his Progeny , a Scythian by birth , encouraged by the late successe of Nimrod ( who now had intruded upon the Monarchy of Syria ) wandred so farre West , that Fortune at last cast him and his people upon the coast of Ireland . There he setled with his three sonnes , Languinna , Salanus , and Ruthurgus , who searching through every creeke and corner of the land , left their owne names by three notable places , Languini , Stragrus , and Mount Salanga , which the revolution of times hath since called by other names , as S. Domincke-hill , Ruthurgi , and Stagnum . Vnder the government of these three sonnes , and their off-spring , this Land was kept about three hundred yeares ; at which time there arrived also in Ireland a Giant-like kinde of people of Nimrods race , who in bodily shape exceeded the proportion of usuall men , using their strength to winne soveraignties , and to oppresse with rapine and violence . These growing to numbers , accounted it necessary to prevent dominion , lest the curse of slavery ( prophecied by Noah ) should light upon them : to prevent the which , they set up a King of their owne ; then quarrels bred daily , either parties purposing to hold their interest by their swords : against whom , lastly a battle was fought , and an infinite company of Giants slaine ; when also died most of those of the posteritie of Iapheth , leaving them of Cham Lords of the Iland . ( 9 ) Whereupon Nemethus a Scythian , with his foure sonnes , arrived in Ireland , and by strong hand seated themselves among these Giants ; where for two hundred and sixty yeares they kept , but then no longer able to hold out against them , they left their standings , and departed the Land. ( 10 ) Soone after , the five sonnes of Dela , descended from the said Nemethus , came into these coasts , and with manly prowesse drove these miscreants out of Ireland , whereby the seede of Cham was utterly expelled , and these of Iapheth divided the Land into five parts , whereof they became themselves Kings : but falling at variance , gave advantage unto others , among whom the Britaines set in a foote . map of Ireland THE KINGDOME OF IRLAND Devided into severall Provinces , and thē againe devided into Counties Newly described . ( 12 ) These , by the direction , sufferance , and assistance of Gurguntius , King of the Britaines , after that Ireland had beene very much dispeopled by a contagious Pestilence , seated themselves , and from the eldest , Hibernus , called the Island Hibernia , as some are of opinion : these divided the whole into five Provinces , famously known by the names of Mounster , Leinster , Connaught , Vlster , and Meath in their midst : and from these the present Irish repute themselves to come . Yet surely , as I make no question , but that this Island became inhabited even of old time , when mankind againe over-spread the face of the earth , so doubt I not , but that our Britains passed thereinto themselves , such infinite number of words in the Irish language yet in use , such ancient names of Waters , Isles , Mountaines , and Places , meerely British words , yet remaining , and the testimony of Tacitus , who saith , that their manners were fashioned to the Britaines , inforceth so much ; and Ptolemie before him , calleth that Island by the name of Little Britaine : all which shew a former interest for Ireland , then that which by conquest under Henry the second was made . ( 13 ) That it ever was subject to the Romanes , is doubtfull , though Agricola did wish it , and Tacitus held most necessary : yea , and in the division of their Empire , Ireland , with Britaine and Thule , fell unto Constantine the sonne of Constantine the great ; yet their manners unreclaimed , and barbarisme retained long after those dayes , doe witnesse no such civilitie sowne , to be in that plot . But when Romes great Empire beganne to grow lesse , the Scots or Scythians grew mighty in Ireland : and as Or●sius writeth , that Island was wholly inhabited by the Scottish Nation in the daies of Honorius and Arcadius , the Emperours : whose warres and slaughter , Claudian doth lightly touch in this his Verse . Scotorum cumulos flevit glacialis Ierne . The frozen Ireland wept to see , her Scots all slaine on heapes to be . ( 14 ) As these for the most part , by the testimonie of Ninius , were the ancient Inhabitants , so by other ancient Writers , their customes and manners are thus set forth : Strabo saith , The Inhabitants of Ireland are more rude then the Britaines , they feed upon the flesh of men , yea , and think it a point of worth to eat their dead parents : want ōly they accompany with Women , making no difference of other mens wives , their owne sisters , nor of their naturall mothers : but of these things ( saith he ) we have no certain witnesse of sufficient credit . Pomponius Mela recordeth , that the Irish are uncivill , ignorant of vertues , and void of Religion . And Solinus affirmeth , that after victory they drink the bloud of the slain , and be smeare their own faces therewith ; so given to warre , that the mother at the birth of a man-child , feedeth the first meat into her infants mouth , upon the point of her husbands sword , and with heathenish imprecations , wisheth that it may die no otherwise then in warre , or by sword . ( 15 ) But from these ancient and barbarous manners , let us come to the conditions of their middle time ; whom Giraldus Cambrensis describeth as followeth : The Irish ( saith he ) are a strong and bold people , martiall and prodigall in war , nimble stout , and haughtie of heart ; carelesse of life but greedy of glory ; courteous to strangers , constant in love , light of belief , impatient of iniury , given to fleshly lusts , and in enmity implacable . At the baptizing of their infants , their manner was , not to dip their right armes into the water , that so ( as they thought ) they might give a more deep and incurable blow ; never calling them by the names of their Parents whilest they lived together , but at their death took it upon them . Their women nursed not the children they bare ; and they that nursed others , did affect and love them much more then their owne . ( 16 ) So much were they given to fantasticall conceits , that they held it very ominous to give their neighbours fire upon May-day : to eat an odde egge , endangered the death of their horse : and before they cast in their seed , they send salt into the field : to hang up the shels in the roofe , was a preservative of the chickens from the kite : to set up greene boughes at their doores in the Moneth of May , increased their kines milke : and to spit upon Cattle , the held it good against Witchery , whereof Ireland was full . ( 17 ) Superstitious Idolatry among the wild Irish was common , yeelding divine honour unto the Moone after the change , unto whom they both bowed their knees , and made supplications ; and with a loud voice would thus speake unto that Planet : We pray thee leave us in as good estate as thou found'st us . Wolves they did make their Godsips , terming them Charl Christ , and so thought themselves preserved from their hurts : the hoofes of dead horses they accounted and held sacred : about childrens necks the hung the beginning of Saint Iohns Gospel , a crooked naile of an horse-shooe , or a peece of a Wolves skinne ; and both the sucking-child and nurse were girt with girdles finely platted of womens haire : so far they wandred into the wayes of errour , in making these armes the strength of their healths . ( 18 ) Their wives were many , by reason of divorcements , and their maids married at twelve yeares of age , whose customes were to send their lovers , bracelets platted , and curiously wrought of their owne haire , so farre following Venus in the knots of these allurements . The men wore linnen shirts exceeding large , stained with Saffron , the sleeves wide , and hanging to their knees , strait and short trusses plated thick in the skirts , their breeches close to the thighes , a short skeine hanging point downe before , and a mantle most times cast over their heads . The women wore their haire platted in curious manner , hanging downe their backs and shoulders , from under solden wreathes of sine linnen , rolled about their heads , rather loading the wearer then delighting the beholder : for as the one was most seemly , so the other was unsightly : their necks were hung with chains and carkaneths , their armes wreathed with many bracelets , and over their side-garments the shagge-rugge mantles purfled with a deepe Fringe of divers colour● : both sexes accounting idlenesse their onely libertie , and ease their greatest riches . ( 19 ) In warres they were forward , and fought with Battle-axes , whose bearers were called Galloglasses , the common souldier but lightly armed , who served with darts and sharpe skeines ; their Trumpet was a Bag-pipe , and word for encounter , Pharroh ; which at the first onset with great acclamation they uttered , and he that did not , was taken into the ayre , and carried into the vale of Kerry , where transformed ( as they did beleeve ) he remained untill he was hunted with hounds from thence to his home . ( 20 ) For the dying and dead they hired women to mourne , who expostulated with the sick , why he would die ; and dead , at his Funerall such outcries were made , such clapping of hands , such howlings and gestures , that one would thinke their sorrowes unrecoverable , holding the opinion of Pythagoras for the soules departed . ( 21 ) Their diet in necessitie was slender , feeding upon water-cresses roots , mushromes , shamrogh , butter tempered with oat-meale , milke , whey , yea , and raw flesh , the bloud being crushed out : their use was also to let their kine bloud , which standing a while , and coming to a jelly , with butter they did eate , as a very good dish . ( 22 ) That the Gospel of Christ should be preached in Ireland by Iames the Apostle , I will not affirme , though Vincentius hath said it : neither will I , with the Scots , bring the Islands conversion from a Christian woman , who ( as their Historians doe avouch ) first instructed the Queene , and the Queene her husband , and he againe his Subjects , till all became Christians . But most true it is that the Scots first received the doctrine of Christ in this Kingdom of Ireland ; for thus writeth Prosper : Coelestine Pope of Rome sent his Archdeacon Palladius into Britain to withstand the Pelagian heresie , who at one time did drive out these enemies of grace , and ordained a Bishop among the Scots , Wherby that barbarous Nation embraced Christianity . Yet Ninius reporteth , that Palladius did nothing in neither , being taken away by untimely death : but that S. Patricke , borne at Eiburne in Cluedsdale , the son of Calphurus , by the sister of S. Martin , was the first Apostle for Ireland , who sowed his heavenly seede with such plentifull increase , that the soyle it selfe shortly was called Sanctorum patria , the Country of Saints : for whose Sepulchre after his death rose as great variance , as was for Homer among them of Greece : they of Downe challenged his grave to be with them , upon certaine verses ▪ written on a Tombe , which ascribes Patricke , Briget and Columbe to be buried therein : they of Armagh lay claime by the warrant of S. Bernard , who saith , that Patricke in his life time there ruled , and after death there rested . Glascenbury in England by ancient records will have his body interred with them ; and Scotland avoucheth his birth to be at Glasco , and bones to rest at Kirk Patricke with them : of such reverend esteeme was this Irish Apostle . ( 23 ) This Patricke in his youth had been taken captive by the Irish Pirats , and for sixe years continuance served Macbuain as his slave , and keeper of his swine : in which dejected condition , so desirous he was of the Lands salvation : that in his dreames he thought the infants unborne cried unto him for Baptisme ; and redeeming himselfe thence for a piece of gold found in the field , which a swine had turned up , in his aged years came back againe into Ireland , preached the Gospel , converted the people , and lastly became Arch-bishop of Armagh . Of whose mi●●cles and Purgatorie , I leave others to speake ; that are m●re credulous in the one , and have better leisure to relate the other , and will shew thee Ireland as now it is , first in generall , and then in parts . THis Province , called in Irish , Mown ; in a more ordinary construction of speech , Wown ▪ in Latine , Momonis ; and in English , Mounster ; lyeth open South-ward to the Verg●vian Sea : North-ward , it affronteth part of Counaught : The East is neighboured by Leinster : and the West is altogether washed with the West Ocean . ( 2 ) The length thereof extended from Ballatimore Bay in her South , unto the Bay of Galway in her North , are about ninetie miles . Her broadest part from East to West , is from Waterford Haven to Feriter Haven , and containeth an hundred miles . The whole circumference , by following the prom●taries and indents , are above five hundred and fortie miles . ( 3 ) The forme thereof is quadrant or foure-square . The aire milde and temperate , neither too chilling cold , nor too scorching hot . The soyle in some parts is hilly , looking aloft with woody , wilde , and solitary mountaines : yet the vallies below are garnished with corne-fields . And generally , all , both pleasant for sight , and fertile for soyle . ( 4 ) This Province is at this day divided into two parts : that is , the West Mounster , and the South Mounster . The West Mounster was inhabited in old time by the Luccui , the Velabri , and the Vicrim : the South Mounster by the Oudiae or Vodiae , and the Coriondi . The Velabri and Luceni are said ( by Orosius ) to have dwelt in that part of the Countrey , where it lyeth outmost Westward , and passing towards the Cantabrian Ocean , looketh afarre off to Gallitia in Spaine The Luceni of Ireland ( who seeme to have derived their name and originall from the Lucensii of Gallitia , and of whom there still remaine some reliques in the Barony of Lyxnauw ) are supposed to have been seated in those parts that lie neighbouring upon the banke of the River Shennon . ( 5 ) The generall commodities of this Province are Corn● , Cattle , Wood , Wooll , and Fish. The last whereof , it affords in every place plentie and abundance of all sorts . But none so well knowne for the store of Herrings that are taken there , as is the Promontorie cal●ed Eraugh , that h● betweene Bantre and Ballatimore Bay , whereunto every yeare a great Fleet of Spaniards and Portugals resort ( even in the middest of Winter ) to fish also for Gods. ( 6 ) The principall Citie of the Province is Limericke , which the Irish call Lowneagh , compassed about with the famous River Shennon , by the parting of the Channell . This is a Bishops See , and the very Mart-Towne of Mounster . It was first wonne by Reymond le Grosse an Englishman , afterwards burnt by Dunewald an Irish petty King of Thuetmond . Then in processe of time , Philip Breos an Englishman was in●●offed in it , and King Iohn fortified it with a Castle , which he caused therein to be built . In this Castle certaine Hostages making their abode in the yeare 1332. grew ( as is reported ) so full of pride and insolencie , that they slew the Constable thereof , and seized the Castle into their own hands . But the resolute Citizens , that could neither brooke nor beare with such barbarous crueltie , did in revenge then shew such manly courage and vivacitie , as they soone after recovered the Castle againe , repaying the Hostages in such hostile manner , as that they put them all to the sword without partialitie . The position of this Towne is by Mercator placed for Latitude 53. degrees 20. minutes ; and for Longitude , 9. degrees and 34. minutes . Neere unto the River that Ptolemy calleth Daucona , and Giraldus Cambre●sis ( by the alteration of some few letters ) nameth Sauranus and Sauarenus , which issueth ●ut of Muskerey Mountaines , is seated the Citie Corke , graced also with another Episcopall dignitie ▪ ( and with the Bishops See of Clon annexed unto it ) which Giraldus calleth Corragia , the Englishmen Corke , and the native Inhabitants of the Countrey Corcach . This Towne is so beset on every side with neighbouring , mole●t●rs , as that they are still constrained to keep● watch and ward , as it there lay continuall siege against it . The Citizens of this place are all linkt together in some one or other degree of affinitie , for that they dare not match their daughters in marriage into the Countrey , but make contracts of matrimony one with another among themselves . In this place , that holy and religious man Briock is said to have his birth and breeding , who flourished among the Gaule , in that fruitfull age of Christianitie , and from whom the Diocesse of Sanbrioch in Britanie Armori●a , commonly called S. Brieu , had the denomination . ( 7 ) The Citie which the Irish and Britaines call Porthlargy , and the English , Waterford , though it be last in place , yet is it not least in account , as being the second Citie of all Ireland , as well for the convenience and commodiousnesse of the Haven , that affords such necessary aptitude for trade and tra●●ique , as also for the faithfull loyaltie which it hath alwayes shewed to the Imperiall Crowne of England : for ever since it was wonne by Richard Earle of Pembroke , it still performed the obedience and peaceable offices of dutie andervice unto the English , as they continued their course in the conquest of Ireland : whence it is that the Kings of England have from time to time endowed it with many large Franchises and l●berties , which King Henry the seventh did both augment and confirme . ( 8 ) Although since the time if S. Patricke , Christianitie was never extinct in this Countrey , yet the government being haled into contrary factions , the Nobilitie lawlesse , and the multitude wilfull , it hath come to passe , that Religion hath wa●ed ( with the temporall common sort ) more cold and feeble , being most of them very irreligious , and addicted wholly to superstitious observations : for in some parts of this Province , some are of opinion , that certaine men are yearely turned into Wolves , and made Wolfe-men . Though this hath been constantly affirmed by such as thinke their censures worthy to passe for currant and credible ; yet let us suppose that happily they be possessed with the disease and maladie that the Physitians call Lycanthropi , which begetteth and engendreth such like phantasies through the malicious humors of Melancholy : and so oftentimes men imagine themselves to be turned and transformed into formes which they are not . Some again embrace another ridiculous opinion , and perswade themselves , that he who in the barbarous acclamation and outc●y of the Souldiers , which they use with great forcing and straining of their voyces , when they joyne battell , doth not howte and make a noise as the rest doe , is suddenly caught from the ground , and carryed as it were flying in the aire , out of any Countrey of Ireland , into some desert vallies , where he feedeth upon grasse , drinketh water , hath some use of reason , but not of speech , is ignorant of the present condition he stands in , whether good or bad : yet at length shall be brought to his own home , being caught with the helpe of Hounds and Hunters . Great pitie that the soule fiend and father of darknesse should so grievously seduce this people with misbeliefe , and that these c●rrours be not chased away with the truth of Christian Religion , whereby as they carry much grace in their countenance● , they may also not be void of the inward grace of their soules and understanding . ( 9 ) This Province hath been sore wasted in the rebellions of Desmond , to whose aide Pope Gregory the thirteenth , and Philip K. of Spaine , sent certaine companies of Italians and Spaniards , who arrived not farre from Dingle , fortified themselves , and gave it the name of Fort de Ore , sounding loud threats against the whole Countrey . But Arthur Baron Grey , Lord Deputie of Ireland , at the first onset decided their quarrell , by sheathing his sword in their bowels ; and Desmond●earefully ●earefully flying into the Woods , was by a Souldier cut shorter by the head . And againe , when the Kingdome of Ireland lay bleeding , and put almost to the hazzard of the last cast , Don Iohn D' Aquila , with eight thousand Spaniards ( upon confidence of the excommunications of Pius the fift , Gregory the thirteenth , and Clement the eight , Popes , all of them discharging their curses like unto thunderbolts against Queene Elizabeth of blessed memory ) landed neere unto Kinsal● , presuming that the rebellions of Tyrone had turned the hearts of the Irish for Rome : Sir Charles Blunt Lord Montjoy , in the depth of Winter , and with his tired souldiers , so daunted their Spanish hearts , that with one victory he repressed their bragging boldnesse , and recovered the Irish that were ready to revolt . ( 10 ) God hath oftentimes shewed his tender love and affection to this people , in laying his fatherly chastisements and afflictions upon them , sometimes by windes , sometimes by famine and dearth , and sometimes againe by opening his hand of plentie into their laps to convert them to himselfe , and to divert their hearts from superstitions . In the yeare 1330. about the Feast of Saint Iohn Baptist , there began such a dearth of Corne in this Countrey , by the abundance of raine and the inundation of waters ( which continued untill Michacimas following ) that a Cranoc of Wheat was sold for twentie shillings , a Cranoc of Oates for eight shillings , a Cranoc of Pease , Beanes , and Barley for as much . The windes the same yeare were so mightie , that many were hurt , and many slaine ●ut-right by the fall of houses that was forced by the violence of the same . The like whereof were never seene in Ireland . In the yeare 1317. there was such a dearth of corne and other victuals , that a Cranoc of Wheat was sold for twentie three shillings . And many Housholders , that before time had sustained and relieved a great number , were this yeare driven to begge , and many famished . In the time of which famine , the mercy of God so disposed , that upon the 27. day of June , in the yeare 1331. there came to land such a mightie multitude of great Sea-fishes ( that is ) Thurs●eds , such as in many ages past had never been seene , that the people were much comforted in this distresse , and received great reliefe and sustenance by the same . ( 11 ) Places of Religion in this Countrey , were the two Abbies at Yoghall , called the North-Abbey and South-Abbey : The two Abbies at Limcricke , S. Francis Abbey , and S. Dominicke Abbey : The two Abbies at Corke , the Abbey of the I le , and S. Francis Abbey : and the famous Abbey ( in times past ) of the holy Crosse , which hath had many priviledges and liberties granted unto it , in honour of a peece of Christs Crosse , that was ( as they say ) sometimes preserved there . Thus were Christians perswaded in ancient times . And it is a wonder in what Troopes and Assemblies people doe ( even yet ) conflow thither upon devotion , as unto a place of holinesse and sanctitie : so firmely are they setled in the Religion of their Fore-fathers , which hath been increased beyond all measure by the negligent care of their Teachers , who should instruct their ignorance , and labour to reduce them from the errours they persevere in . This Province is governed by a Lord President , who hath one Assistant , two learned Lawyers , and a Secretary to keepe it in dutie and obedience . It was in times past divided into many parts ▪ as Towoun , that is North-Mounster ; Deswoun , that is , South Mounster ; Hierwoun , that is , West-Mounster ; Mean-Woun , that is , Middle-Mounster ; and Vrwoun , that is , the Front of Mounster . But at this day it is distinguished into these Counties ; Kerry , Desmond , Limericke , Tipperary , Holy-Crosse , Waterford , and Corke : which Countie in times past had been a Kingdome , containing with it Desmond also : for so in the Grant given by King Henry the second unto Robert Fitz-Stephen , and to Miles de Cogan , it is called in these words : Know ye that I have granted the whole Kingdome of Corke , excepting the Citie and Cantred of the Oustmans , to hold for them and their heires , of me and Iohn my sonne , by the service of sixtie Knights . The Countie of Waterford , King Henry the sixt gave unto Iohn Talbot Earle of Shrewsbury , with the name , stile , and title of Earle of Waterford , which was afterward againe assumed to the Crowne . Touching the Countie of Holy-Crosse , as the opinion of that much frequented Abbey is much lessened , so that Countie is swallowed up altogether in the Countie Tipperary . It is fortified with five strong Castles , traded with sixe Market-Townes , and divided as followeth . MOVNSTER . Limericke . MOVNSTER . Kery . MOVNSTER . Corke . MOVNSTER . Waterford . MOVNSTER . Desmond . MOVNSTER . Holy Crosse in Tipperary . map of the province of Munster THE PROVINCE OF MOUNSTER MOVNSTER DIVISION . 1. LImericke . 2. Kery . 3. Corke . 4. Waterford . 5. Desmond . 6. Holscrosse in Tipperary . Adam , Ker. B. Adam , Cor. C. Adare , Lim. Agamer , Cor. Agrum , Des. L. Annagh , Tip. Anuo , Wa. B. Ard Collum , Tip. Ardey , Des. Ardey-mount , Des. Ardmale , Tip. Ardmore bay , Wa. Ardmore , Wa. C. Arfsky , Lim. Armagh , Lim. Arne Cragh , Ker. Arpenes , Cor. C. M. Bryne Arra , Tip. Artenay , Des. Arthully , Des. Arundell , Cor. C. Asketon , Lim. B Ballatimore bay , Des. Ballatimore haven , Cor. Ballen , Cor. C. Balendred , Cor. M. Balley , Cor. C. Baloughmore , Tip. Baloughnan ▪ Cor. Ballylegban , Lim. Banday , Lim. Bande flu . Barony of Kellpellell , T Barremoore , cor . Barrecourt , cor . Barremore , cor . Barre-og , cor . Lord Barry Island , cor . Bautrey , Des. Bautrey flu . Bautry , Des. M. Bay , Lim. C. Bayle , Des. Beare-horne bay , Des. Bedechemen , ker . Bed , Lim. B. Beere haven , Des. Beg , flu . Beghes , Tip. B. Bein kirty , lim . Belilas , Tip. Bernogh , ker . Berwell , Cor. B. Bishops , Tip. Blackrock , cor . Blasquo sound , ker . Bockes , ker . Boer , lim . B. Boldauk flu . Borare , Tip. Botenant , cor . Vicount Botenant , cor . Boy ▪ Wa. C. Brarey , lim . Braver , lim . Braeykley ▪ lim . Breer , lim . B. Brid flu . Bridge , Wa. C. Britast , Tip. B. Broad I le , Des. Bronne ▪ lim . Bryne , lim . Buguin , Wa. B. S. Tilbot Butler , Tip. Buton , Wa. B. C Cadone , ker . Caer , Tip. Caer , Tip. Caer , Tip. M. Caere flu . Caere , ker . M. Caerdraken , cor . Caernonogher , Tip. Caherilon , ker . C. Calmyn , cor . C. Caloeghan , Des. O. Camyse , Tip. Canane , cor . C. Can Brow , Des. Can Brigh , ker . Can Trush , Des. Canerough , cor . Caniconill , Wa. Cankling , cor . Canre , cor . c. Cantorke , Des. c. Canum , lim . b. Cape knowne , Wa. Cape cleare , Des. Capell I le , cor . Capogh flu . Carbre Ca. ker . Caregan , cor . c. Carennow , cor . S. Peter Carew , Des. Carewmore , Wa. Cargonia , lim Carick-nifeild , ker . Carick necoshy , Des. Carick-phole , ker . Carienes , Des. Carigonia , Wa. Carigray , Tip. Carick , lim . Carick never , cor . Carick-capell , cor . Carick done , cor . Carickmona , Wa. Caricknogh . cor . Carybres , Des. Carychotar , cor . CARYCK , Tip. Cariconan flu . Caryk dred , cor . Cary krown , Wa. Carrowearbre , cor . Carta Rugh , cor . m. Carta Rough , c. m. Carta Rugh , cor . m. Cartomelone , cor . Cashell , Tip. Castelan , Tip. Castelan , cor . Castellan , Wa. L. Lough Castell , ker . Castelton , lim . Castelton , tip . Castilton , cor . Catherlough , ker . l. Catre , ker . l. The Catte , Des. Cats , ker . l. Cats , cor . Checo , Des. P. Chera , cor . B. Chergrave , cor . Church , Des. N ▪ Citie , ker . B. Citie , Des. Clancarby , lim . Clangryne , cor . Clankard , Tip. Clan Mores , ker . Clan Dormond , Des. Claragh , tip . Clegle , cor . B. Clensier , tip . B. Cloge , Wa. C. Clogh , cor . C. Cloghan , tip . B. Cloghen , Des. Cloghiaten , lim . Cloghlogan , cor . Cloney , Tip. Cloney , Wa. Cloney , cor . Clone Calker , wa . Clon kery , E. M. Clonemoghe , tip . Clonmell , tip . Clonmyne , cor . Clonomell , ker . Cods-head , des . Colyna , lim . Combut , des . Comyn Tolder , des . Comyn , cor . C. Cone , cor . C. Coner , des . O. Coner kerey , ker . O. Conick , lim . B. Coragh flu . Coragh , cor . M. Corbeg Iland , cor . Corck haven , cor . CORKE , Cor. Coridone , ker . Corkenny , tip . Cormog , cor . C. Corre , cor . B. Copingar , cor . C. Cosmay , lim . Cotton I le , cor . Craone , cor . c. Crock , wa . b. Crome , lim . Cromewell , ker . Crow , ker . Crow , Tip. C. Cray , cor . Cureney , ker . c. D S. Dermond M. teg . cor . Delees mountains , wa . Vicount Desees , wa . Earle of Desmond , ker . Earle of Desmond , lim . Diane , ker . c. DINGLE , ker . Dingle haven . ker . Dingle bay , ker . Dologh , cor . Dolos , ker . c. Donay , wa . c. Doncawin , cor . Dondanor , cor . Done , cor . c. Doneboy , cor . Donedody can , cor . Donegh , des . O. Done kyllyn , ker . Donekyne , des . Donell , wa . o. Donelow , ker . Donelough , cor . Donelre , wa . Donemay , des . Donemore , cor . c. Donemore , coo . Donenan , des . c. Donenant , des . o. I. M. Donell rimer , ker . Done Patrick , lim . Donesky , tip . Donin , cor . Donoghan , des . Donoghill , tip . Donogh-moore , des . m. Donyn , cor . c. Doreley , tip . Doren , cor . Dorses , tip . Dorses , tip . Dovaila , des . Dovegner , cor . Doule , tip . Down lough , des . Dran , cor . c. Drishall , cor . Droindone , cor . Droma M. cake , wa . Dromanny , ca. wa . Drombeny , lim . Dromboy , cor . Dromena , wa . Dromin , lim . Drouth , lim . b. Drynad , ker c. Dulegan flu . Dungarvan , wa . Dungarvan haven , wa . E Ecclys , ker . B. John Fitz-Edmond . cor . Eglohill Rahama , ker . Elogh , cor . b. Emeley lands , tip . English , lim . c. Enishone , cor . Eniskin , cor . Eragh , des . Erragh , ker . Eyrleyson . M. ker . F Farsehanet , tip . Fathleg , wa . Feriter , ker . b. Feriter haven , ker . I. Fermore , des . Fetherd , tip . Fiened , ker . Five Castles , cor . Flyx flu . Forrestrand , des . Fortune , cor . c. Foy flu . Foyne , lim . Fox , wa . c. Freer , ker . b. Fyn , tip . b. G Galbally , tip . Gally , ker . c. Galter , wa . b. Galter , wa . Galton , lim . m. Garan leghan , tip . Garne , lim . b. Garnis , des . Gart , lim . b. Garundie , tip . Gascon haven , cor . Gatten , flu . Ghedagh , des . Ghedy , lim . b. Gher lough , lim . Gheragh , wa . c. Earle of ●hyldare , lim . Earle of Ghlydare , ker . Ghylligray , Cor. M. Glan , lim . c. Glancarta , ker . Earle of Glancarta , ker . Earle of Glancarta or maccart more , ker . Glan flyx , des . Glancebone , wa . Glanguely , tip . Glore , tip . Gnyne , cor . b. Grace , wa . c. Graceden , wa . Grand , tip . b. Grange Gleboyne , tip . Gray , tip . b. Great Isle , des . Greconlogh condain , wa . Greeken , lim . Gregory , ker . c. Grenand , tip . Grenand , lim . c. Grenand , tip . Grenogh , lim . m. Goelen , tip . Gorgrey , lim . c. Goule , tip . m. Gule , tip . H Haghada , cor . Haghadow , ker . Haghea , tip . Haghwalla , ker . Halan , lim . b. Hallay , cor . Hell , des . Helonhen , des . Helwick point , wa . Helyn , ker . E. Herbert , tip . b. Hewart , lim . b. Heska , cor . Hilliobergians , des . Hoe , lim . b. Hogs , ker . Holay , lim . b. Hologh , cor . b. Holy crosse ▪ tip . Honnu flu . Horney , cor . b. Horpe , tip . Horses , ker . How , tip . b. Howen , tip . b. I Island , ker . c. Inche , ker . c. Inche , cor . c. Inche flu . Inchegrade , cor . Incheguin , cor . Inslonogh , tip . m. Irayle , ker . m. Iverick Isle , wa . K Kaer , cor . Kaer trent , ker . Kahadda , cor . Kan mary , des . Karikune , cor . Karne , cor . Kat●oll , tip . Keale , des . b. Keff , des . O. Kelden , lim . Kelkone , wa . Kellone , des . Kellpellel . See Barony . Kelrelsholl , tip . Keltenen , tip . Kelwear , lim . Kenedy fyn , tip . O. Kenedy Ormond Done , T. O. Kenedy Roe , tip . O. Kenishtuth , cor . Kerves , des . O. Kighlay , ker . Kilbare , wa . Kilberck , tip . Kildareth , cor . Kilfraer , lim . M. Kilgo , cor . Kilgobin , cor . Kilkenny , tip . Killare , cor . Kilmalck , lim . Kilmoghney , tip . Kilmoghney , tip . Kilmokwods , cor . Kilmore , des . Kilmure , des . Kilny Colle , des . Kinsaleheg , wa . Knaum , tip . Knight of the Valley , lim . Kno-Brandon , ker . Knochone , des . Knock-bernella , Tip. Knochorden , tip . Knock dromed , cor . Knock eroglo Skardy ▪ ker . Knockgraffon , tip . Knockhore , des . Knockhore , wa . Knock money , lim . Knocknur , des . Knock Patrick , lim . Knock Recket , wa . Knocksaloghil , tip . Knockshelbren , cor . Knock union , des . Knock weldon , wa . Knoclonio , lim . Korkbeg , cor . Kylbrytayn , cor . c. Kylcasse , tip . c. Kylhagha , ker . M. Kylharnon , ker . Kylhusteney , ker . Kylm Thomas , wa . Kylmayglin , cor . Kylne mannogh , tip . Kylnoglose , ker . M. Kylnolan , ker . Kylphell , tip . Kylyland , ker . Kyllygray , cor . c. Kyllynan , lim . KYNSALE , cor . Kyrnenan , ker . The Knight of Kyry , ker . L Lacrenon , ker . Laghera , lim . b. Lancan , cor . Lanras , des . c. Lany , des . E. Laternis , cor . c. Leaver , ker . L● Legh lough , des . Lemcon , des . Lemortkaol , ker . Lestsyn , cor . Letter , ker . c. Leughan , tip . b. Likodone , lim . LIMERICK , lim . Linde , ker . c. Lisegriffin , cor . Liskin , lim . b. Lismalin , tip . Lismolkey , tip . Lismore , wa . Lisronogh , tip . Lixnayo , ker . Loaghyne , cor . Lome flu . Longhill , lim . c. Lon mayne , ker . Lough , cor . c. Lough , cor . c. Lough , ker . Loughman , tip . Loughan , des . Lough Barnsey , des . Lough of Inets , tip . Lyn , lim . b. Lynyliro , cor . c. Lyons , cor . Lystoule , ker . Lystor , ker . b. Lyx flu . Baron of Lyxnay , lim . M Mac Owine , lim . Magonien , ker . Magriffin , tip . Magronne , cor . c. Mahund , des . Mac mahund , cor . Malhanna , cor . m. Malogh , cor . c. Manamore , des . m. Mang , ker . c. Mang flu . Manian , ker . c. Mare flu . Mare , cor . c. Mare , tip . b. Marow , ker . c. Martir , cor . Mayne flu . Michael , des . M. Michaen , ker . Miles lough , wa . Miner , ker . c. Mockarle , tip . Mockay , tip . b. Mocolagh , des . Moenter vary , des . Moghan flu . Mogholl , wa . M. Mogobert , tip . Mokella , cor . Moleshen , lim . Mollinax , tip . Mollochdeere , des . Mollogasshe , des . Molloghmona , wa . Mollogh flu . Molloghen , wa . Monegh , cor . m. Monhard , tip . Monks ▪ cor . b. More , des . c. More flu . Mores , ker . Moore , des . Moore flu . or Brodwater , des . Mountaines delees , wa . Muskere-Querk , tip . Muskere , cor . Muskery Gaghnogh , ker . Myles , cor . c. Mysker flu . Myslen head , des . N Narra , lim . c. Narrowater , cor . Nashe , lim . c. Nath , cor . b. Nay , tip . b. Neith , tip b. Never , cor . c. Newcastle , wa . Newcastell kenry , lim . Newcast , wa . Newchurch , wa . Newtowne , ker . Newtowne , lim . Newtowne , wa . Nicoll , tip . b. Nody , tip . c. Noght , tip . O. Non , ker . c. Now , tip . b. O Ogge , cor . Ogham , lim . S. Owin Oswiliant , des . Ottan , ker . m. P Palace , tip . Palace , lim . Palace , wa . Palace , ker . Palace-lough , tip . Passage , wa . Pelgoran , des . Perles , cor . c. The 12. great Hilles of Phelem Ghemadona , Tip. Phillips , cor . Piltowne , wa . C. Polloguere , Cor. Pollydragh , des . Pollyre , des . Lord Power , Wa. Pracok , Cor. Pracok , cor . Q Quella , cor . B. Point Bally Quella , Wa. Quella , Wa. B. R Rabbe , lim . Rabony , lim . Raffenin , cor . Raghanan , lim . Rahust , cor . Ranaker , tip . Raphone , cor . Rariglas , cor . Rathan , Cor. M. Raton , ker . M. Ray , cor . B. Ray , cor . C. Redman , cor . C. Renie , cor . B. Renlon , des . I. Rephnogh flu . Reseletan , cor . Rikard , cor . c. Rimbella flu . Ringer , cor . Ringrango , cor . c. Rishe Isle , ker . Robe , lim . c. Roch , cor . L. Roch , Tip. B. Rock glaskon , cor . Romore , lim . Roretogh flu . Rosbrenon , des . Rosse , cor . Rosthyche , cor . John Reynogh , Wa. The great Ryghes , ker . S Salmon Lp , des . Sanan , ker . c. Sartbeg , Tip. Saton , Lim. Seaven Castles , cor . Seale , des . Seron calp , cor . Sewer flu . Sewer flu . Sharen , cor . B. Sheappoly , cor . Shepes-head , des . Shroe , ker . E. Sibbell ▪ ker . c. Simon , Tip. B. The three Sisters , ker . Skryne , lim . Skryst , des . Greene Skyllyghe , ker . Skyrt , wa . c. Slew , wa . c. Slew Anerogh , ker . Slewbranogh ▪ Tip. Slewboyne , Wa. Slew dakean or Paps , des . Slew logher , ker . Slew malora , cor . Slew muskere , des . Slew niesk , des . Slew noman , Tip. Slowboy klan de Rough , des . Soronned , Tip. Speaking stone , Wa. Spred , cor . b. Stene , lim . c. Sterland , lim . Straghan , lim . Stramo , Wa. Stranmore bay , Wa. Carick Sulphyn , Tip. Swylyvant moore , Des. O. T Tagnelath , Des. Tammay , lim . Tarne , Tip. C. Tarsne , Tip. Tashell , Tip. Tebben , cor . B. Templehoran , Tip. Templemore , Tip. Terseney , lim . B. Thomas , lim . B. Traghware , des . M. Tranakan , cor . Tray , Wa. Tremayne , Wa. Trena , cor . Tollagh , cor . Tomalegh , cor . M. Tomelegh flu . Toragh flu . Torbet , lim . c. Torloboy , lim . Totes , cor . b. Towne , des . Typpelbragny , Tip. V Vakere , Wa. Valentia Island , ker . Ventray , ker . Vochbeg , Tip. Voch , cor . W WATERFORD , Wa. Waterford haven , Wa. Wenis , des . I. Westell , wa . B. Whitechurch , cor . White-knight , wa . White-knight , lim . Wilton , lim . B. Weday , des . E. Wodings , Tip. B. Y Yearow , Tip. Youghall , cor . Youghall , haven , Wa. THIS Countrey , the Natives call Leighnigh , the Britaines Lein ; in Latine Lagenia ; in the ancient lives of the Saints , Lagen ; and in English , Leinster . It lyeth Eastward along Hibernicunt Sea : on Connaught-side West-ward it is bounded with the River Shanon ; the North with the Territorie of Louth , and the South with part of the Province of Munster . This Countie butteth upon England , as Mounster and Connaught doe upon Spaine . ( 2 ) The forme thereof is triangle , and sides not much unequall , from her South-East unto the West-point about eightie miles , from thence to her North-West about seventie miles , and her East-Coast along the Irish Sea-shore , eightie : the circumference upon two hundred and seventie miles . ( 3 ) The Ayre is cleere and gentle , mixt with a temperate disposition , yeelding neither extremitie of heat or cold , according to the seasonable times of the yeere , and the naturall condition of the Continent . The Soile is generally fruitfull , plentifull both in Fish and Flesh , and in other victuals , as Butter , Cheese , and Milke . It is fertile in Corne , Cattle , and pasture grounds , and would be much more , if the husbandman did but apply his industrie , to which he is invited by the commodiousnesse of the Countrey . It is well watered with Rivers , and for the most part well wooded , except the Countie of Divelin , which complaines much of that want , being so destitute of wood , that they are compelled to use a clammy kinde of fat turfe for their fuell , or Sea-coale brought out of England . ( 4 ) The Inhabitants of these parts in Ptolemies dayes were the Brigantes , Menapii , Cauci , and Blani ; from which Blani may seeme to be derived and contracted the latter and moderne names of this Country , Lein , Leighnigh , and Leinster , The Menapii ( as the name doth after a sort imply ) came from the Menapians , a Nation in Low Germany , that dwelt by the Sea-Coasts . These Brigantes , called also Brigantes , Florianus del Campo ( a Spaniard ) labours to fetch from the Brigants of his owne Country , of whom an ancient Citie in Spaine ( called Brigantia ) tooke the name . But they may seeme rather to derive their denomination from the River Birgus , about which they inhabited ; for to this the very name is almost sufficient to perswade us . ( 5 ) The Commodities of this Countrey do chiefly consist in Cattle , Sea-fowle , and Fish. It breeds many excellent good horses , called Irish Hobbies , which have not the same pace that other horses have in their course , but a soft and round amble , setting very easily . ( 6 ) This Country hath in it three Rivers of note , termed in old time the three Sisters , Shour , Neor , and Barraeo , which issue out of the huge Mountaine ( called by Giraldus , Bladinae Montes ) as out of their mothers wombe , and from their rising tops descending with a down-fall into severall Channels , before they empty themselves into the Ocean , joyn hand in hand all together in a mutual league and combination . ( 7 ) Places very dangerous for shipping , are certaine slats and shallowes in the Sea , that lye over against Holy-point , which the Mariners call the Grounds . Also the shelves of sand that lye a great way in length opposite to Newcastle , which overlooketh them into the Sea from the top of an high hill adjoyning . ( 8 ) In this Province are placed many faire and wealthy Townes , as Kilkenny , which for a Burrough Towne excels all the midland Burroughs in this Iland ▪ Kildare , which is adorned with an Episcopall See , and much graced in the first infancie of the Irish Church , by reason of Saint Bridgid a venerable Virgin , had in great account and estimation for her virginitie and devotion , as who was the Disciple of Saint Patricke of so great fame , renowne , and antiquitie : also Weisford ( a name given unto it by these Germans , whom the Irish terme Oustmans ) a towne though inferiour to some , yet as memorable as any , for that it became the first Colony of the English , and did first submit it selfe unto their protection , being assaulted by Fitz-Stephen , a Captaine worthily made famous for his valour and magnanimitie . ( 9 ) But the Citie which fame may justly celebrate alone , beyond all the Cities or Townes in Ireland , is that which we call Divelin , Ptolemie Eblana , the Latinists Dublinium , and Dublinia ; the West-Britaines , Dinas Dulin ; the English-Saxons in times past . Duplin ; and the Irish , Balacleigh , that is , the Towne upon hurdles : for it is reported that the place being fennish and moorish , when it first began to be builded , the foundation was laid upon hurdles . ( 10 ) That it is ancient , is perswaded by the authoritie of Ptolemie . That it was grievously rent and dismembred in the tumultuous warres of the Danes , and brought afterwards under the subjection of Eadgar King of England , ( which his Charter also confirmeth , wherein he calleth it the noble Citie of Ireland ) is written by Saxo Grammaticus . That it was built by Harold of Norway , which may seeme to be Harold Harfager , when he had brought the greatest part of Ireland into an awfull obedience unto him , we reade in the life of Griffeth ap Sinan Prince of Wales . At length it yeelded unto the valour and protection of the English , at their first arrivall into Ireland , by whom it was manfully defended from the fierce assaults as well of Auscoulph Prince of the Dublinians , as afterwards of Gottard King of the Isles : since which time it hath still augmented her flourishing estate , and given approved testimony of her faith and loyaltie to the Crowne of England , in the times of any tumultuous straights and commotions . ( 11 ) This is the royall seat of Ireland , strong in her munition , beautifull in her buildings , and ( for the quantitie ) matchable to many other Cities , frequent for traffique and intercourse of Merchants . In the East Suburbs , Henry the second , King of England ( as Hoveden reporteth ) caused a royall Palace to be erected : and Henry Loundres , Archbishop of Divelin , built a store-house about the yeer of Christ 1220. Not farre from it is the beautifull Colledge consecrated unto the name of the holy Trinitie , which Queene Elizabeth of famous memorie , dignified with the priviledges of an Vniversitie . The Church of S. Patricke being much enlarged by King Iohn , was by Iohn Comin Arch-bishop of Dubline , borne at Euesham in England , first ordained to be a Church of Prebends in the yeere 1191. It doth at this day maintaine a Deane , a Chanter , a Chancellor , a Treasurer , two Arch-Deacons , and twenty-two Prebendaries . This Citie in times past , for the due administration of Civill Government , had a Provost for the chiefe Magistrate . But in the yeer of mans Redemption 1409. King Henry the fourth granted them libertie to choose every yeere a Maior and two Bailiffes , and that the Maior should have a guilt sword carried before him for ever . And King Edward the sixt ( to heape more honour upon this place ) changed the two Bailiffes afterwards into Sheriffes : so that there is not any thing here wanting that may serve to make the estate of a Citie most flourishing . ( 12 ) As the people of this Countie doe about the neighbouring parts of Divelin come neerest unto the civill conditions and orderly subjection of the English : so in places farther off they are more tumultuous , being at deadly feuds amongst themselves , committing oft-times Man-slaughters one upon another , and working their owne mischiefes by mutuall wrongs : for so the Irish of Leinster wasted Leinster with many Townes in the same Province in the yeere 1294. And in the yeere 1301. the men of Leinster in like manner raised a warre in the winter season , setting on fire the Town of Wykinlo , Rathdon , and others , working their owne plague and punishment by burning up their sustenance , and losing their Castle by depredation . ( 13 ) Matter of observation , and no lesse admiration among them , is the Giants dance , commonly so called , and so much talked of , which Merlin is said by Art Magick to have translated out of this . Territory unto Salisburie Plain : which how true it is , I leave to the vaine beleevers of miracles , and to the credulous observers of antiquitie . ( 14 ) In this County have beene erected many famous Monasteries , Abbies , and religious houses , consecrated to devout and holy purposes : as the Monasterie of Saint Maries of Oustmanby , founded for preaching Friers , unto which of late dayes the Iudiciall Courts of the Kingdome have beene translated : also the magnificent Abbey called S. Thomas Court at Dublin , builded and endowed in times past with many large priviledges and revenewes of King Henry the second , in expiation of the murther of Thomas Archbishop of Canterburie . Likewise Tinteru Monastery , or the notable Abbey which William Marshall Earle of Pembroke founded and called De voto , for that he had vowed to God ( being tossed at Sea with many a fore and dangerous tempest ) to erect an Abbey wheresoever he came to land , and being ( after shipwrack ) cast upon land in this place , he made performance of his vow accordingly . This Province containeth the Counties of Kilkenny , Caterloge , Queens County , Kings County , Kildare , East Meath , West Meath , Weisford , and Dublin ( to say nothing of Wicklo and Fernes , which either be already , or else are to be annexed unto it ) and subdivided into fifteene Market-Towns . It hath beene fortified with the strength of many Castles against the power of enemies , and is thus divided : Counties , East Meath . Caterlough . Kildare . West Meath . Queenes County . Weisford . Kilkenny . Kings County . Dublin . map of the county of Leinster THE COUNTIE OF LEINSTER with THE CITIE DUBLIN Described The Division of LE●NSTER . 1. East Meath . 2. West Meath . 3. Dublin . 4. Kildare . 5. Kings Countie . 6. Queenes Countie . 7. Ki-kenny . 8. Cateriagh . 9. Wexford . A Areden , East Meath . B Rock Abill . Dublin . ABOY , East Meath . Adama , Wexford . B Affalla , K. County . Agard , Dublin . Aggregate , Q County . Agra , East M. Akane , East M. Alen , East m. B Alice , Kild . B Knock Almasa , East m. Almush , East m. Anke● Cater . B Anley VVex. B Anna , Kild . B Anna hill , Dub. Annex , Kilk. Anney Flu , VVest m. Aran , VVest m. B Arbraken , East m. Arcanan , VVex● . Arch●r , VVest . m. B Archer , Kilk. B Archer hill , Kilk. Ardekell , Kilk. Ardgate , Q County . Ardragh , East m. AREKLO , Cater . Arga , Kilk. Argath , Dublin . Arklon , Q County . Armagh , East m. Artaraght , VVest m. Aspek , VVest m. B Astheton , Q County . Asse , East m. A the , Kild . Auley , Dublin . B Babell , VVexford . Bacon , East m. Bagand●●onne , VVexf. Baghill , Dublin . B Balamore , VVex. Balchare , K. County . Balliner , East m. Mac Ballinglas , Kild . Balougby , East m. Balrothery , Dublin . Balt Kilk. Bannogh . VVex. Bannough bay , VVex. Barbe , Kild . B Barde , Kild . B Batter , Kild . B Barnaby , K County . S. Barnaby ●itz Patrick , Queene County . Barnes , VVex. B Baron , Dublin . Barrets , VVex. Barrow Flu , Q County . Barrow flu , VVex. Barton , Kild . B Basky , VVest m. B Bedell , East m. Beg , VVex. B Beg Iland , VVex. Bego , Kild . B Beldengon , Dublin . Belgar , Dublin . Belgar , East m. Mac Belif , East m. Bellahon , East m. Bellak●n , K County . Bengue●e , Kilk. Benet , Kilk. Bernes , Cater . Berie , K County . B Betin , VVest m. B B●shops Court , Kilk. Blackhaule , East m. Blackhaule , Dublin . Blackm●rres , Dublin . B●acrath , Kild . Blackrock , VVex. Blakin , VVest m. Blaky , VVest m. Blewroe , Dublin . Bola , Kilk. B Bola , Kilk. B Bolto● , Kild . Bonney , VVex. B Bonand , Cater . Bonemane , Q County . C S. Benets I●le , Dub. Borace , Kilk. Bo●●o , VVest m. Boye● , Dublin . Boyne flu , Kild . Boyne flu , Q County . Boyne flu , East m. Boyne flu , East m. B●ackland K County . B●anock , VVest m. B B●auner , VVex. B B●ay flu , Dublin . ● . Bray , Dublin . B●ayne , VVest m. B●eack , East m. B●enne , VVest m. C B●enne , Dublin . O Brenno , VVex. B Brennog , VVest m. B Bremore , Dublin . Bretherton , East m. B●idge , Kilk. Browne , Kild . B Browne , Kilk. B Browne , VVexf. C Browne , VVexf. C Browne , VVexf. C Bryne , VVest m. O Bu●gage , Dublin . Bu●ley , K County . B Burne Church , Kilk. Burt Kilk. B Burwaine , Kild . Butler , VVex. B Burton , Dublin . C Cabelston , Dublin . Caden , D●blin . Cad●gh , Kilk. B Calen , VVex. Callan , Kilk. Camenth , Dublin . Canan , Dublin . Canenos , Cater . Cantwell , K●●k . C Cantwell , K●●k . C Cap , Wex. CARBRE , Kild . Careboy , VVe●● m. Mac Ca●eles , Kilk. S Peter Carew , Kilk. Carik , East m. Carik , VVex. Carikb●ak , Cater . Carikmorrow , Dublin . Carichu●k , Dublin . Carikok , Q County . Carne Wex. Carolus , K County . O Carow , VVest m. B Carth , Dublin . C Caryk new , VVex. Carykett , Kild . Carundine , Q County . Caseroge , East M. Casin , East M. B Milke Castle , Kilk. Castleton , Wex. Castleton , Q County . CATERLAGH , Kild . Caterlatth , Kilk. Cavan , Dublin . Caverno , Cater . Cayth ycam , Kilk. Ceralway , Kild . Church , East M. B Churley , East M. Claest , Wex. Clancolman , West M. Clandalke , Dublin . Clanebotane , Q County . Clanmore , Cater . Clan Iores alias Bremecham , Kild . Clanmore , Kild . Clanmore , Cater . C Clanmollen , Cater . Clan●af Dublin . Vper Claragh , Kilk. Claragh , Kil● . S. Clare , Dublin . Clarence , East M. Cloe , K County . Cloga●an , West M. Cloghan , VVest m. Cloghgreenand , Kilk. Cloghkendel , Kilk. Cloghmore , Kilk. Cloghnogh , West M. Cloglerish , Kilk. Clomoghan , K County . Clomolyn , VVest m. Clogran , East m. Clonbogh , Kilk. Clone , Q County . Clone , Kilk. Clone , Kilk. Clone , VVex. Clonebelek , K County . Clonebolk , K County . Clone de Cow , Q Coun. Clonedewey , K County . Clonedog-neckly , Wex. Clonegone , K County . Clonekene , Kild . Clonelin , K County . Clonelose , VVest M. Clonewel , West M. Clonemoney , Kilk. Clonmore , Kilk. Clonemore , K County . Clonemuse , Kilk. Clonemyn , Kilk. Clonemine , Kild . Clone mulend , K County . Clonen , VVest M. Clonenmore , Dublin Cloney , Kild . Cloney , VVest M. Clonogh , Kild . Clonogoskin , East M. Clon● , Wex. Coch , VVest M. B Coghan , K County . Coghan , Kild . Colcore , K County . Cole , East M. B Cole , West M. B Coledoghra , VVest m. Colma●han , Q County . Colmallen , East m. Cologh , Kilk. Coltame , Dublin Mac Colyn . K. County . Colynogh . Q County . Combres , VVest m. Conaugh , Dublin . Coneboy , VVest m. Rose Conel , Q County . Cone● , Wex. Consall , VVest m. Conogherbo , Kild . Consile , Kilk. Conycarum , Kilk. Corbell , East m. Mac Corbelyle , Q Co. Corbely , Dublin . Corkey , VVest m. Corlus , East m. B Coroghill , Kilk. S. Cort. Dublin . Courhonon , VVex. Coure , East M. Coupe , East M. Court , VVest m. B Coutton , Clay , Q Coun. Cotland . Kild . Coyne , K County . B Crabboy , East m. Cradok , Kild . Craghallillo , Dublin . Croghan hill , K County . Croghoven , VVest m. Cromlyn , Dublin . Crosekell , East m. Crossedre , VVest m. D Mac Damore , Wex. Daminkin , VVest M. Darro , Q County . Darses , VVest M. Darvers , VVest m. B Degan , VVex. Mac Dei , Dublin . Delvin , West m. C Denigary , Kild . Mac Dermond , Cater . Dese●● , Q County . Great Dingham , Kilk. Dodn Reghan , Q Coun. Dodingten , Kild . Doghill , K County . Dolar , East m. B Dolknew , Dublin . Domnany , Q County . Domin , Kild . C Donare , East M. Done , VVex. B Donne , K County . B Donne , Q County . O Donnebany , VVex. Donebat , Dublin . Donebet flu , Kilk. Donodtone , Dublin . Donefert , Kild . Donektle , VVest m. Donekey , Kilk. Donelaw , Kild . Donelbrody , VVex. Donomo●e , Kilk. Donosane , East m. Donesoghk , Dublin . Donoghmore , Q County . Dronogernogh , Wex. Donomo , VVex. Donsaghlin , East m. Dord , VVest m. B Dord , Dublin . B Doro flu , Dublin . Doro flu , Q County . Doth , East m. B Dovoghmore , East m. Drakeland , Kilk. Dramdore , Kilk. Drimnogh , VVex. Drokin , Kilk. Dromboy , East m. Dromeconrogh , Dub. Dromeketyn , Kilk. Dromrayne , VVest m. Dromrow , Kilk. Drone , Kilk. O Dronney , East m. B Drymneg , Dublin . Dublin haven , Dublin . DVBLIN , Dublin . Dulyek , East m. B Dumfert , Kilk. Dungarvan , Kilk. Dunlaglin , Kilk. Duren , East m. B Duve flu , Kild . E Edomana , Dublin . S. Edmond Batler , Cat. Edmunds , VVest m. B Enon , Kilk. Eny●eary , VVex. Mac Eren , Q. County . Esker flu , K County . F Facacrow , Dublin . Faltren , Dublin . Farleco , VVest m. B Farthing , VVest m. B Fedan , K County . Fedo●rogh Cater . Fe●herd , VVex. Field , Dublin . B Finart , VVest m. Fiuck● , Kild . B Forman , Dublin . B Foskin , Kild . B Fox , VVe●● m. O Frein , VVex. B Freers , Cater . B Frequens , East m. Frompul , Kild . Fronton , VVex. Fuller , Kild . B Fuller , Kil● . Fingall , Dublin . G Lease Gallen , Q County . Gallon flu , Kilk. Galt●e , East m. Galway , East m. Garehon , Dublin . Garland East m. B Garmarstou , East m. Garran , Kilk. Garston , East m. Gart , East m. Gerard , East m. B Geregh , VVex. B Ghelayt , VVex. B Gheragh . Cater . Ghesell , Q County . GHILDARE , Kild . Gibbes , East m. B Gilbert , VVest m. Glandelour , Dublin . Glarard , K County . Glare , VVest m. Mac Glarkarick , Wex. Glashere , Kilk. Glashere , Kild . Glashen , East m. Glaskar , VVest m. Glasnephin , Dublin . Glayderen , K. County . B Glogh , Kilk. Glorum , Kilk. Goely , VVex. B Gowne , East m. B Grace Castle . Q County . Grace dew , Dublin . Grace Court , Kilk. Grace Orchard , VVex. Garlough , Dublin . Mac Gray , Kilk. Gray , K County . C Grand , Q County . B Granedonkin , Dublin . Grange , Kilk. Grange , Q County . Grangefort , Cater . Grangeketh , East m. Grangencorne , Kild . Grany Ratole , Kild . Gregan VVest m. Gregh , VVest m. Grentho●d , VVex. Bay of Greenhord , VVex. Grenek , Dublin . Grenond , Kilk. Greward , East m. Grislin , Dublin . Groma , Kilk. Guenere , Dublin . Gurchens , VVex. H Hagha , Kilk. Haha dew , Cater . Haly , K County . Haly , K County . Halywood , Dublin . Hamond , Cater . C Hannacle , Q County . Hannacat Q County . Hannaynotlay , Kilk. Hantney , VVest m. Herbert , Kild . B Herbert , VVest m. B Hardley , Dublin . Hap Belgr●w , VVex. B Hastela , Q. County . B Haley , VVex. B Hathen , VVest m. B Haynes , VVest m. B Hearne , VVex. B Heper , East m. Helpa , VVex. Henogh , VVest m. B Henorclay , Dublin . C Herbert , VVest m. B Herell , Q County . Heren , East m. B Mac Heren , Q. County . Hesk●n , VVex. Hesterbeg , K. County . Hew , East m. B Heys , VVex. B H●ckens K●ld . B Hoke , VVex. Holiwood , Dublin . Hoson , VVest m. B Horsey , VVex. B Ho●h●●l , K County . Hotrogh , VVest m. Houth , Dublin . Howell , Kilk. C Hoyn , VVest m. B Hoyre , VVex. B Hugh , Kilk. B Hu●k , Kild . B I I Mac Idway , Dublin . Iefferey , Dublin . B Iefferey , VVest m. B Hugh mac Ihanc , Dublin . Ihan villa , Kilk. Ihane● , Q County . Ihon , Cater . B Inch Roure , Q County . Inch que●e , Kild . Ihon , VVest m. B Iordan , East m. Irish , VVest m. B Irlands eye , Dublin . Joh , Dublin . B Juhan , East m. Juhan , East m. B K Kaerdess , K●lk . Mac Kalraine , Dublin . Karaldgrange , Dublin . Karne , West m. Can Karn●al karone , Wex. Kathanghan , Kild . Katohome , Kild . Kayn donkin , Kilk. Kenynogh , Q. County . Ke●se , Kilk. B Kela , Kilk. B Kelkone , Wex. Kelkolen , Kild . Kellean , Wex. Kellean , East m. Kellegh , K County . Kellenem , Kild . Kelles , East m. Keile● , Kilk. Kell , Kild . B Kelhardseni , East m. Kelkenny , West m. Kelrue , Dublin . Kelkery , West m. Kenne , K County . Kettenen , Wex. Kevegade , West m. Kilbrakin , Q County . Kilbred , East m. Kilbrew , East m. Kilbery , East m. Kilbride , West m. Kilbrid , K County . Kileamfort , Q. County . Kilcohan , Wex. Kilcloc , Cater . Kilcock , Kild . Kilcomin , Dublin . Kilconin , K. County . Kilcoran , K County . Kildag , East m. Kildernam , Dublin . Kildowan , Kild . Kildrogh , Kild . Kiltone , Kilk. Kilfield , Kild . Kilgall , Kild . Kilgo , East m. Kilgober , Dublin . Kilgoghan , K County . Kilgormok , K. County . Kilhaste , Dublin . Kilhester , Dublin . Kilhill , K. County . Kilhobok , Wex. Kilhobok , K County . Kilicrosse , East m. Kilkan , Q. County . Killackan ▪ Kilk. Killank , Q. County . Killare , East m. Kilcore , Kild . Killegore , Q. Count. Killigult Cater . Killina , Q County . Killinan , West m. Killine , East m. Killinnen , West m. KILLKENNY , Kilk. Killoghan , Wex. Kill●ride , West m. Kilmacant , K. County . Kilmala●way , Dublin . Kilmacok , Kild . Kilmanan , Dublin . Kilma●og , East m. Kilmerin , Dublin . Kilmory , Kilk. Kilmonog , West m. Kilnock , Cater . Kilpatr●ck , Wex. Kilpavick , West m. Kilsaghlin , Dublin . Kilsaynen , Kilk. Kilshorn , Wex. Kiltober , K County . Kiltogh , Kilk. Kiltork , Wex. Kilvacock , Kilk. Mac Kilcore , K Coun King , East m. B KINGSTOWNE , K. Co. Kingstogher , Kilk. Kingsalough , Cater . Kitchin , Q County . B Knalmogh , West m. Knock Seon , K. County . Knockbourne , Kilk. Knockbrenack , Kilk. Knoger , East m. Knockarchall , Kild . Knocknee , Cater . Knockbebay , West m. Knock , Dublin . C Knockyn , Dublin . Kollogh , West m. Knoghall , Kilk. Kyne , Q County . O Kyfraen , Wex. Kyll●an , West m. Kyrock , Wex. L Lachash , Kild . Lackan , Wex. B Lackin , K. County . Lacy ▪ West m. B Ladarath , East m. Ladones , West m. B Lady , Kild . B Mac our Lady grace , Kilk. Lagen , East m. LAGHLYN Idogh , Kilk. Lahant , Kilk. Lambey , Dublin . Lemevannon , K County . Lassenhaul , Dublin . Lease , Q County . Le●●e flu , Kilk. Lench , Kilk. B Leniston , Dublin . S Leonard , Wex. Lever ▪ ● County . ● Lestee flu , Kild . Lewmanhan , K County . Lilmester , Q County . Lions , Kild . C Lismalin , West m. L●stouen , K●●● . Lockbay , West m. Locka● ▪ West m. B Logh Q County . C Loghten Dublin . C Lommash , K County . Long●●● , Dublin . Longwood , East m. Lo●d . Kild . B Loughmeskyn , Wex. Lowater , East m. B Lowater , Kilk. Lu●k Dublin . Lutcrell , Kild . B Lylin , Kild . Ly●ges , Wex. C Lysnall , West m. M O Magah , West m. O Mahogagan , West m. O Magohla , K. County . Malahedert , Dublin . O Malalaghlin , West m. Malcheal , Dublin . Malyn , Dublin . Mand , East M. B Marag , West m. Martin , West m. B Martin , East m. B Masse , East m. B Masse , West m. B I Mayle , Dublin . Megham , Kilk. O Meloy , K. County . Merewell , Kild . Merin , Dublin . Mermine , Wex. Mestall . Q County . C Minashell , West m. Mican , Kilk. B Miche●e , East m. Middle-grounds , Dub. Milag , West m. Great Milke Castle , Kilk. Miltowne , West m. Minoth , Kild . Mirath , East m. Molle , Kilk. Molle , Cater . Molen , West m. B Mologh , Dublin . MOLINGAR , West m. Mollita , K County . Mollosy , East m. C Mollogh , East m. O Mocrough , Wex. Monceton , East m. Moneton , Dublin . Moneyhone , Kilk. Montgaret , Wex. Lord Mountgaret , Wex. More , West m. C Mores , Q County . B Morisheller , Kild . Mublin haven , West m. Mac Multiforme , West m. N Nanney flu . East m. Naroghmere , Kild . Nash , Kild . C Nauant , East m. Nayle , Dublin . Negler , East m. Newton , Dublin . New , West m. B New , Wex. B New , West m. C New , Kilk. B New , East m. C New , West m. C New Abbey , Kild . Newbayne , Wex. Newcastle , Dublin . M Newna , East m. Newtowne , Cater . Newtowne , Cater . Mork Newton , East m. Neygate , Kilk. Northgrounds , Dublin . Nowall , West m. C Nure flu , Q County . Nur flu , Kilk. O Offere , Q County . Old court , Dublin Fort Onely , Cater . Earle of Ormond , Cater . Owin Mac Hugh , K. Co. P Palace , K County . Paltrangan , Wex. Park , Kilk. C Hole Patrick , Dublin . S Patricks land , Dub. S. Patrick , East m. Paine , Cater . B Paine , Kild . B Paine , East m. B Paynster , East m. B Peers , Dublin . B Pers , East m. B Petrick Island , Dublin . Mac Peyne , Q County . Phaloghbantre , Wex. Place , East m. Polford , Wex. Polilester , East m. Polmonton , Cater . Pol●ome K●●k . Pokin , Kild . B Potter , Dublin . B Potteragh , Kilk. S Poules , Kilk. Pou●es Court , Dublin . Prou● , East m. B Q QVEENS town , Q Cou. Quilibet , Kild . Qu●licum , Q County . Grang. Quimhert , Kild . R Rabelta , Kilk. Rabrody , Kild . Racarbo , Kilk. Rahannan Wex. Raheren , Dublin . Rahn , East m. Ra●o , Cater . Rakavan , Kilk. Raleath , East m. B Ramney , Wexford . The Ramme , Wex. Ramore , Dublin . Ram●grang , Wex. Rand●a , Cater . Loagh Ranmore , East m. Raphan , East m. Raphok , Kilk. Raaspek , West m. Rasalough , Kild . Raskoe , West m. Raspak , Wex. Rath patrick , Kilk. Rathalyn , Kilk. Ratoth , Dublin . Ravore , East m. Rawire , West m. Ray , K County . Raydon , Dublin . C Raygh , We●● m. B Ray●on , K. County . Raymanogh , Q County . Raymund Ogg , K ▪ Coun. Rayne , K County . O Reban , Q County . Recog , Kild . Recohel , West m. Rede , East m. B Ree , West m. B Rehela , Wex. Rehul , Dublin . Remyne , Dublin . Richard , Kild . B Riket , East m. C Rivers , East m. B Robin , West m. B Roch , Dublin . Roch , K●lk . C Roc. William , Wex. Rocfall , Kilk. Ro● , Kild . Ro●llyn , Kilk. Rogers , Dublin . Rogormley , East m. Rohewall , Dublin . Rokel● , Kilk. B Rokhel , Kilk. Roone , West m. B M Rosse , VVest m. ROSSE , VVex. Old Rosse , VVex. Rose , East m. B Rose brenno , Q County . Rose canon , K●●k . Rossec●ea , K County . Rose Garland , Wex. Rosse Laier , Wex. Rossenals , Q. County . Roseperot , Kild . Rostall , Kilk. Roy , K County . Royne , Q County . B Royne , Wex. B Roughlin , Kilk. Rou●e , Kilk. Ruder , Dublin . C The Rushe , Wex. Ruskey , East m. Knock Ruskey , East m. Ru●●ell , West m. B Ryne flu , East m. S Sagard , Dublin . Sanham , Kild . Sannogh , West m. Saret , Q County . Saule , East m. C Seaton , Dublin . Seden , East m. Selkillo , Kilk. Shelhela , Cater . Shemalyn , Wex. Shenkin , Dublin . She●ogray , Q County . Sherney , Dublin . B Shewleg , VVest m. B Shiphold , Wex. Shopland , Wex. Simylin , Cater . Si●y●k , Q County . Skagh , Kild . B Skare , VVex. Ska●lock , Kild . B Skark , Cater . Ski●es , Dublin . Skatlok , VVest m. B Sk●yne , East m. Skynik , Q County . Slane flu , Dublin . Slayne , East m. Slep●hill , Q County . Slewboy , Kild . Slewcotten , Wex. Slewmerger , Kilk. S Smyth , East m. So●ue● , East m. B So●k●n , Kilk. Southgrounds , Wex. Speia , K●lk . B Stamelyn , Dublin . Stancourt , Kilk. Stepleton , East m. Stevens , Kil● . B Steven , East m. S Stocknelost , Wex. Stokes , West m. B Stonehouse , Wex. Stonegrang , Dublin . Sutton , Kild . B Sword , Dublin . Knock Swissin , Cater . Symlyn , Cater . Synnor , Wex. Mac Syrie , K County . T Tabraken , Kilk. Ta●un hanc , Wex. Taght , East m. B Tagnam , Wex. B Talbot , Dublin . B Tank●rd , Q County . Tec●oghan , East m. Teg , VVex. B Temple , Kilk. Temple gall , VVex. Tenaghill ▪ Wex. Ten●kell , Q County . Tentarne , VVex. Terill , West m. B Ternes , Wex. Mac Terpon , Kilk. Old Terpon , Kilk. Terra viventium , K C● . Terragh , East m. C Thomas , K●ld . B Thomas Q County . B Owen Thomas , Kilk. Tho●dercourt , K●lk . Theord , W●x . Tho●le● , Q County . B Three Castles , D●b . C Tobe , Kilk. Tobbe , Dublin . Tobber daily , K. County . Togger , K County , Toghcoly cony , Cater . Toghcolinogh , Carter . Togher , East m. C Tollogh , Kilk. Tollogh , Kild . Tollogh Dublin . Tollogh , Dublin . Tollogh , East m. Tollogh , Cater . Tologhah , Kilk. Tolloghtoron , Kilk. Tolven , Kilk. B Tomond , Wex. Tonolla , West m. Tomegard , Wex. Tonmono , West m. Mac Tonsternog , VVest m. Torno , Dublin . Mac Toure , West M. Tou●e of the Hoke , VVex. Trever . East M. Trimbleston , East M. Trussan , Kild . TRYME , East M. Tully , Kild . Tuscard , Wex ▪ B Tute , VVest M. Tymolog , Dublin . V Mac Vadock , Cater . Mac Vala , Kild . C Vanney , K●ld . B Ve●a , VVest m. W C Walch , Kild . B Walter . VVest M. Wardhill , East M. C Warren , Kild . B Warren , East M. C Warren , Kilk. B Water , Kilk. Water Castle , Q County . B Water , East M. Waton Grove , Kilk. Wemed , East M. WEXFORD , Wex. Wexford Haven , VVex. B Wey , Q County . C White , Kl. Wickloe flu , Dublin . WICKLO , Dublin . B Wildock , East M. B William , East M. B William , East M. B William , Cater . William , West M. B Wincourt , East M. Wintered , Q County . B Woghan , Dublin . Wogher heart , Kild . Woodstock , Kild . Y B Yage , Kild . CHAPTER IIII. THis Province named by Giraldus Cambrensis Conachtia , and Conatia , by the Irish , Conaughty , and by Englishmen , Connaught : is bounded Eastward , with part of the Countie of Leinster ; Northward , with part of Vlster ; Westward , with the West maine Ocean ; and on the South , it is confined with a part of the Province of Mounster , closed in with the River Shennon , and butting against the Kingdom of Spain . ( 2 ) The forme thereof is long , and towards the North and South ends , thinne and narrow ; but as it grows towards the middle , from either part it waxeth still bigger and bigger : exceeding in length from the River Shennon in her South , to Enis Kelling in her North , 126. miles , and the broadest part is from Tromer in her East , to Barragh-Bay in her West , containing above fourescore . The whole in circuit and compasse is above foure hundred miles . ( 3 ) The ayre is not altogether so pure and cleare , as in the other Provinces of Ireland , by reason of certaine moist places ( covered over with grasse ) which of their softnesse are usually termed Boghes , both dangerous , and full of vaporous and foggy mists . ( 4 ) This Countie as it is divided into severall portions , so is every portion severally commended for the soyle , according to the seasonable times of the yeare . Twomond or the Countie Clare , is said to be a Countrey so conveniently situated , that either from the Sea or Soyle there can be nothing wisht for more , then what it doth naturally afford of it selfe , were but the industry of the Inhabitants answerable to the rest . Galway is a land very thankfull to the painefull husbandman , and no lesse commodious and profitable to the Shepheard . Maio , in the Roman Provinciall called Mageo , is replenished both with pleasure and fertilitie , abundantly rich in Cattell , Deere , Hawkes , and plentie of Honey . Slego ( coasting upon the Sea ) is a plenteous Countrey for feeding and raising of Cattell . Le-Trim ( a place rising up thorowout with hills ) is so full of ranke grasse and forrage , that ( as Solinus reporteth ) if cattell were not kept somtimes from grasing , their fulnesse would endanger them . And Roscomen is a Territorie , for the most part plaine and fruitfull , feeding many Herdes of cattell , and with meane husbandry and tillage , yeelding plenty of corne . As every particular part is thus severally profitable by in-bred commodities ; so is it no lesse commended ( in the generalitie ) for the many accommodate and fit Bayes , Creekes , and navigable Rivers , lying upon her Sea-coasts , that after a sort invite and provoke the inhabitants to Navigation . ( 5 ) Such as in ancient time made their abode and habitations in this Province , were the GANGANI , who were also called CONCANI , AVTERI , and NAGNATA● . As the Luceni ( that were next neighbours unto them ) came from the Lucensii , ( in Spaine ) so those Gangani and Concani may seeme also to have fetcht their derivation from the Concani ( a Nation of the self-same Countrey ) both by the affinitie of name , and vicinitie of place . In Strabo , according to the diversitie of reading , the same people are named Coniaci and Conisci : and Silius testifieth them at the first to have beene Scythians , and to have used ordinarily to drinke horses blood ( a thing nothing strange among the wilde Irish even of late dayes . ) And some may also happily suppose that the Irish name Conaughty , was compounded of Concani and Nagnatae : Howsoever , it is sure that these were the ancient Inhabitants of this Countrey , as is to be seen in Ptolemie . ( 6 ) The principall Citie of this Province , and which may worthily be accounted the third in Ireland , is Galway , in Irish , Gallive , built in manner much like to a Tower. It is dignified with a Bishops See , and is much frequented with Merchants , by reason whereof , and the benefit of the Road and Haven , it is gainefull to the Inhabitants through traffique and exchange of rich Commodities , both by Sea and Land. Not farre from which , neare the West-shoare that lies indented with small in-lets and out-lets , in a rew , are the Islands called Arran , of which many a foolish fable goes , as if they were the Islands of the living , wherein none dyed at any time , or were subject to mortalitie ; which is as superstitious an observation , as that used in some other corners of the Countrey , where the people leave the right armes of their Infants males unchristned ( as they terme it ) to the end that at any time afterwards , they may give a more deadly and ungracious blow when they strike : which things doe not onely shew how palpably they are carried away by traditious obscurities , but doe also intimate how full their hearts be of inveterate revenge . ( 7 ) This Province presents no matter more worthy of memorie , then the Battell of Knoc-toe ( that is ) The hill of axes , under which , the greatest rabble of Rebels , that were ever seene before in Ireland , ( raised and gathered together by the Arch-Rebels of that time , William Burk O-Brien , Mac-Nemare , and O-Carrol ) were after a bloody overthrow discomfited and put to flight by the noble service of Girald-Fitz Girald Earle of Gildare . And the suppression of certaine Irish ( the posteritie of Mac-William ) who usurping a tyranny in these parts , raged sometimes upon themselves , with mutuall injuries , and oppressed the poor people a long time with extorting , pilling , and spoiling ; so as they left scarce one house in the countrey unrifled , or unrased ; but were bridled and repressed ( even in our remembrance ) by the severitie and resolution of the Commissioner of those times , who in his wisedome and policie well understood that their excessive insolence , and those their unjust doings , would be a meanes to draw the people away from the due obedien● to their Prince : such therefore as refused to obey the Lawes , and sided with the tumultuous , with all care and diligence hee soone scattered , forcing their Forts , and driving them into woods and lurking-holes , ( for troubling the blessed estate of tranquillitie ) till the Lord Deputie , who tooke pitie of them , upon their humble supplication , commanded by his missives , that they should be received upon tearmes of peace . But they being a stiffenecked people , tooke Armes againe , entred afresh into actuall rebellion , drave away booties , made foule uprores , and upon faire promises procured the aide of the Scottish Ilanders , from out of the Hebrides : whereupon the Governour assembled an Armie , and pursued them with such powerfull violence through the Woods and Forrests , that after sixe or seven weekes , being grievously hunger-bitten , they submitted themselves in all humilitie . The Auxiliary Forces also of the Scots , he by day and night affronted so neere , and followed so hardly , that hee put them to flight , after he had killed and drowned about 3. thousand of them in the River Moin . ( 8 ) About the yeare 1316. there was such a great slaughter made of the Irish in this Province of Connaught , through a quarrell that arose there betweene two Lords or Princes , that there were slaine on both sides about 4000. men ; and so great a tribulation at that time came upon the people , that they did devoure and eat one another , so as of ten thousand there remained not above three hundred living . And it is reported for truth , that the people were then so hunger-starved , that in Church-yards they took the dead bodies out of their graves , and in their sculs boyled the flesh , and fed upon it : yea , and that women did eat their owne children . Thus appeared the ire and anger of God , in punishing their sins , and seeking their conversion . ( 9 ) Places memorable , are , Inis Ceath , well known by the Monasterie of Colman ( a devout Saint ) founded for Scots and Englishmen ; and Inis Bovind , which Bede calleth White Calfe Isle . Also Maio , a Monasterie built ( as Bede writeth ) for thirtie men of the English Nation . Likewise the Baronie of Boile , under Curlew hilles , where in times past was a famous Abbey built , together with the Abbey of Beatitude , in the yeare of Grace 1152. These Abbeyes and Monasteries erected at the first for religious services , and through ignorance and other obscurities diverted since unto superstitious uses , are now made the ruines of time . ( 10 ) The Province of Connaught is at this day strengthned with 14. Castles , traded with 9. Market-Townes , and divided as ensueth . Counties , Clare , Maio. or Slego . Twomond , Letrim . Galway . Rescomen . map of the province of Connaught THE PROVINCE OF CONNAUGH with the Citie of GALWAYE Described The Division of CONNAVGHT . 1. SLego . 2. Maio. 3. Roscomen . 4. Letrim . 5. Longford . 6. Galway . 7. Clare or Twomond A Agarro , Gal. Akill Island , Maio. Baron of Akill , Maio. Can Akill , Maio. Akill-beg , Maio. Alyne Lough , Letr . Anney Flu. Ara , Clar. Aran Isles , Gal. Ardelon , Gal. ARDRAGH , Long. Arne knock , Gal. ATLON , Rosc. Atlone Barony , Rosc. Aurork , Letr . O. B Barony of Balantaber , Rosc. Balantcourt , Gal. Balee Cloude , Clar. Balendock , Gal. Banrale , Clar. Banron , Clar. B. Barnary , Gal. Barrag . Long. Barrogh bay , Maio. Mac Bavy , Rosc. Beg , Gal. Beghan , Clar. B. Mac Belec , Sleg . Beltree , clar . Bellemore Baron , rosc. Ben , Gal. Benicolben mountaines . sleg. Benicolben , sleg. Biley , Maio. Bimpall , long . Black-rock , gal . Black-rock , Maio. Blough , long . Borace castle , maio . Borace Flu. Boure , long . Barony of Mac Boyle , rosc. Boyley , ros . M. Can Brain , clar . Bren , rosc. O. West Brenny , letr . S. Bride , gal . Le Broke long . Browater Flu. Bursse mountaines , long . Mack . W. Burck . maio . C Caherdon , gal . Caherdogh , clar . Caherdoghan , clar . Calbadei , gal . Can Calew , clar . Camagh , long . Camme , letr . L. Lough Cane , letr . Cang . maio . m. Lough Carble , gal . Caregoly , clar . Carew M. ville uterhday , maio . Carey , gal . Cariknew , clar . Carleby Ca. Clar. Carmin , clar . Carohesk , clar . Carowmore , gal . Cashell , clar . Caslelan , clar . b. Clanerok , M. Owe Fease . Rosc. Clan-hores , maio . Clanquistulo , maio . Earle of Clanricket , gal . Clare , gal . Barony of Clare , gal . CLARE , clar . Mac Clare , clar . Clare , gal . Ca. Clay , clar . Can Clegan , gal . Clenebo , gal . Ca. Cleray , clar . Enis Clere , maio . Clogh , rosc. c. Clombrok , gal . Clonebegin , rosc. Clonefort , gal . Cloneghisse , long . Cloney , long . Clonresh , rosc. Colman , clar . c. Ca. Colyn , clar . Comer Don , rosc. ● . Comer Roe , rosc. ● . Conogher Og , gal . Corbra , clar . Corkumo , clar . Corneguh , rosc. Cotrine , clar . Cow Bay , maio . Cragh , gal . b. Crenay , maio . Crobraken , clar . Croghnene , gal . Cronis , gal . Cuell , clar . c. Curlewes mountaines , letr . D Daghan , clar . Darra , gal . Darra lands , sleg. ● . Deane , clar . c. Mac Deran , rosc. Lough Derg , clar . Mac Dermont , rosc. Deser Calo● gal . Dingham , clar . Mac Dinhanbeg , clar . Doc , clar . c. The Dogge , gal . Dolphin , gal . Donasse , clar . Arras Dondenell , maio Dondey , maio . o. Ca. Done , clar . Donebeg , clar . Donegate , clar . Barony Donmore , maio . Hugh Mac Donel. O. kely , gal . Donel , clar . c. Donell M. Reugh , clar . Donnelleg Cast. gal . Donemany , rosc. Donemore , clar . Donen castle , maio . Donsanan , clar . Donoghan , clar . The two Mac Donoghes lands , sleg. Donolans , gal . ● . Donsand , gal . Dosleepe , maio . Ca. Downe , gal . Ca. Downe , clar . Drelome , long . Drogh , gal . Dromayne , long . Dunbroyle , sleg. Dundroes , sleg. Barony of Dunkelir , gal . E Enisky , clar . Enis Pyke , sleg. Ereconge , gal . Lough Esk , letr . F Fadda sleg. False Sound , Gal. Farolban , long . ● . Farset flu . Fartbeg , maio . Fartmore , maio . Feg Mac. mahound , clar . Fenna , long . Fergus flu . Fermore hills , maio . Feunon , clar . Flera , maio . G Gallough , gal . GALWAL , Gal. The Bay of Galway , gal . Gally , rosc. Garogh , maio . Ca. Mac Garret , maio . Gast , gal . b. Glaniog . Cast. clar . Glaine , clar . c. Glowen , maio . Gnoware Oslart , gal . B. M. Gogen . clar . Great Ca. clar . Great Island , gal . S. Gregories , Sound , gal . Grenan , clar . Grenam Cast. long . Gryne , clar . b. H Hanley , ros . ● . Harnalands , sleg. ● . Harra neirough lands , sleg. Hara Boylands , sleg. Enis Hodi , gal . Here , gal . Herekan , clar . Herk , maio . Hermough , clar . Hoghmo , gal . Homlyan , long . Huysk , clar . I Isor-Island , gal . Iohn Mac Teg , clar . Iohn Amoy , gal . Inchequhin , clar . Incherone , clar . Ioghint , gal . Iohn Og , gal . S. Iolines , rosc. Mac Iordan Baron , of Exeter , maio . Can Iores , maio . K Kaerdone , clar . Kark , gal . Kelban , gal . Kellegh , clar . Forrest of Kellelon , maio . Kelleneman , clar . Kellewhead , gal . Kellone , maio . Lough Kelley , gal . Eragh Kenally , gal . Enis Kerin , gal . Cast. Kette , clar . Enis Kery , clar . Kilbane , long . Kilbaron , gal . Kilfenneragh , clar . Kilgohan , gal . Kilhoran , gal . Killaboy , maio . Mac Killean , gal . Killenerough , gal . Killeroghan , maio . Killinard , maio . Kilmacullo , gal . Kilme , rosc. Kilmore , long . Killone , clar . Kilredon , clar . Kilsh , long . Barony of Kingstowne , gal . KINGSTOWNE , gal . Kirgh Cast. maio . Cast. Knock , rosc. Knolshehain , rosc. Cast. Knolles , clar . KILALOE , clar . L Lacan , clar . b. Lackfin , gal . Lackin , gal . Lacuath , gal . Lakaath , gal . Leak , rosc. b. Lekey , gal . Lelen , gal . Can Leame , gal . Can Lean , clar . Mac Leray , long . Lesalke , gal . Castle Letter , gal . Letrum , gal . Letrum , letr . Liscombe , gal . Liskeny , clar . Lislishen , clar . Logh flu . gal . LONGEFORD , long . Can Lotersk , gal . Barony of Lotrim , gal . Lough , Sleg . Lough , long . m. Fin Lough , maio . Lysnegyn , clar . M Barony of Macarne , rosc. Madloghony , clar . Magherladone , gal . Magone , clar Magraine , letr . o. Magustolo , maio . Maine , maio . Main , long . c. Male , maio , o. Marogh , gal . Maine Ca. long . Enis May , gal . Meliffi , rosc. b. Can Merin , gal . Lough Mesks , maio . Milagh , gal . Milech , gal . Milurge , rosc. Mologha , clar . Monena flu . maio . Montalan , clar . Montaghu Reagh , gal . m. Monterollies , letr . Morley , rosc. Ca. Moore , rusc . Moore-bay , clar . Moore Cast. rosc. Castle knock Morelen , gal . Morelon Cast. gal . Mornin , long . Moshnes Ca. clar . Moy castle , maio . Moy slu . sleg. Moy , clar . c. Can Moin , sleg. Ca. Mule , clar . N Naghlym , long . Port Nahaly , maio . Nelly , gal . b. Nemene , gal . Nenany , letr . Ca. Neregon , clar . Ca. Nerego , clar . Neukerk , letr . Lough Nenitie , letr . New , rosc. b. Newcastle , long . Newcastle , gal . Newcastle , sleg. Newcastle , gal . Mac Newmaris , clar . Newor , gal . c. Nono , clar . c. O Omacoglan , rosc. P Pengonell , maio . Phelim , clar . O Mac. Philpin , maio . Enis Pike , clar . Pontoy , gal . Portevade , maio . Q Quella , clar . Quint , clar . R Racone , long . Rafraine , maio . Rahone , clar . c. Ralugh , gal . Lough Rea , gal . Reall , gal . Redwater slu . maio . Renilira , maio . Can Renilira , maio . Enis Rophin , maio . Rosemonagher , clar . ROSECOMEN , rosc. Rosrial , gal . Ca. Roy , clar . Knock Roy , gal . Rudder , long . b. S Ile of all Saints , clar . The Sanctuary , maio . Scardies , gal . Serclaine , gal . Serne gal . Shaglin , clar . o. Shennon flu . clar . Shenny , rosc. Shog , Ca. rosc. Slego Flu. Sleg . Slew Neren , letr . Conner Slego , sleg. o. Slego Bay , sleg. SLEGO Bille , sleg. Slewcolon , clar . Slewkughty Mountaines , clar . Smale Iland , clar . Sormore , gal . North Sound , gal . South Sound , gal . Stakky , maio . Knock Stiffingen , gal . Bonow Swilly , gal . Lough Sylon , long . T Tabber , rosc. Talegh , clar . Castle Teg , gal . Temple-heran , rosc. Tenelight , long . Mac Teredah , clar . Terlough Bryne , clar . m. Terraner , maio . Mac Tibot , maio . Mac Thomas , gal . Thorn-mountaines , long . Tobercan , rosc. Tollagh , long . Tollegheain Cast. Gal. Tollogh , clar . Tomalyn , clar . Enis Torke , maio . Tromer , long . Tromro , clar . Ca. Trough , clar . Tuork , maio . V Vtragh , maio . W Bay Whalley , sleg. Slew Welnam , maio . Wreik , Sleg . THIS Province , called by our Welsh Britaines , Vltw , in Irish , Cui Guilly , in Latine , Vltonia , and Vlidia , in English Vlster , on the North is divided by a narrow Sea from Scotland ; Southwaad it extends it selfe to Connagh and Leinster ; the East part lyeth upon the Irish Sea ; and the West part is continually beaten with the boisterous rage of the maine West Ocean . This Province and furthest part of Ireland affronteth the Scotish Ilands , which are called the Hebrides , and are scattered in the Seas betweene both Kingdomes ; whose inhabitants at this day is the Irish Scot , successour of the old Scythian . ( 2 ) The forme thereof is round , reaching in length from Coldagh Haven in her North , to Kilmore in her South , neere an hundred miles ; and in bredth from Black-Abbey in her East , to Calebegh point in her West , one hundred thirty and odde miles : The whole in circumference , about foure hundred and twenty miles . ( 3 ) This Country seldome feeleth any unseasonable extremities , the quick and flexible winds cooling the heat of Summer , and soft and gentle showers mollifie the hardnesse of the Winter . Briefly , the frozen nor horrid Zone have not here any usurpation ; the clouds in the ayre very sweet and pleasant , yea , and when they are most impure , are not unwholesome , nor of long continuance , the rough winds holding them in continuall agitation . ( 4 ) This equall temperature causeth the ground to bring forth great store of severall Trees , both fit for building , and bearing of fruit ; plentifull of grasse for the breeding of Cattle , and is abundantly furnished with Horses , Sheepe , and Oxen ; the Rivers likewise pay double tribute , deep enough to carry Vessels either for pleasure or profit , and fish great store , both for their owne uses , and commodity of others . Salmons in some Rivers of this County abound more in number then in any River of Europe . To speak ( in generall ) though in some places it be some what barren , troubled with Loughs , Lakes , and thick Woods , yet is it every where fresh , and full of Cattle and forrage , ready at all times to answer the husbandmans paines . But Nature is there so little beholding to Art or Industry , that the various shew upon banks , the shadie groves , the greene meadowes , hanging hilles , and fields fit for Corne , ( if they were manured ) doe seeme to be angry with their Inhabitants for suffering all to grow wilde and barbarous , through their owne negligence . ( 5 ) This County in Ptolemies dayes was wholly possessed by the Voluntii , Darni , Robogdii , and Erdini , who branched and spred themselves into the severall parts of that Island . ( 6 ) The people of this Province were accustomed in controversies and solemne protestations , to sweare by S. Patrickes Staffe , which oath they feared more to break , then if they had sworne by the holy Evangelist . Their ancient custome in making their King , was this : A white Cow was taken , which the King must kill , and seethe the same in water whole , then must he bathe himselfe therein starke naked ; and sitting in the Cawdron wherin it was sod , accompanied with his people round about him , he and they used to eat the flesh and drinke the broath wherein he sate , without cup , or dish , or use of hand . How farre these prescriptions and customes were different from the conformities of other civill Monarchies , we may well perceive by these and other like observations of those grosse times , and as yet they are more barbarous then is any other part of the Island besides . ( 7 ) Historians relating of Ireland , tell of severall Islands in the severall Provinces : some full of Angels , some full of Devils ; some for male only , some for female ; some where none may live , some where none can dye ; and such effects of trees , stones , and waters , that a man ( but of easie conceit ) may well esteeme them as heedlesse as uncertaine . So also S. Patrickes Purgatory ( a thing of much note in the Tract of this Province ) is a vault or narrow cave in the ground , neere a Lake ( called Erne Lyffer ) much spoken of , by reason of ( I wot not what ) fearfull walking spirits , and dreadfull apparitions , ( or rather some religious horrour ) which ( as some ridiculously dreame ) was digged by Vlysses when hee went downe to parley with those in hell . This is the cave which the Inhabitants in these dayes call Ellan u ' Frugadory , that is , The Isle of Purgatory , and S. Patricks Purgatory : for some persons , lesse devout then credulous , affirme that S. Patricke ( or rather Patricius Secundus an holy Abbot of that name ) labouring the conversion of the people of this Province , and much inforcing the life to come , they replyed contemptuously unto him , that unlesse they saw proofes of those joyes and paines he preached , they would not lose the possession of their present pleasures , in hope or feare of things to come , they wist not when . Whereupon ( as they say ) he obtained at Gods hands by earnest prayer , that the punishments and torments which the godlesse are to suffer after this life , might be there presented to the eye , that so he might more easily root out the sins and heathenish errors , that stuck so fast in the hearts of the Irish. But touching the credit hereof ( although common fame , and some records do utter it ) I neither will urge the beliefe , nor regard , seeing it is no Article of our Creed . ( 8 ) Matters memorable within this Province are these : first , that the Bishops of Ireland were wont to be consecrated by the Arch-bishop of Canterbury , in regard of the Primacie which they had in this country ; untill such time as Iohn Papirio a Cardinall was sent thither from Pope Eugenius●he ●he fourth , to reform Ecclesiastical discipline in this Iland , which was then growne so loose , that there were translations , and pluralities of Bishops , according to the will and pleasure of the Metropolitane . Also that the Irish-men were accustomed to leave and forsake their wedded wives at their owne free-willes , whereof Lanfranck Arch-bishop of Canterbury complained unto Therdeluac , a King of Ireland . And had not this Nation been corrupted with this vice , even unto these our dayes ; both the right of lineall succession had been more certaine among them , and the Gentry and Comminalty had not in such cruelties imbrued themselves , with such effusion of their owne kindreds bloud , about their inheritances and legitimation . ( 9 ) The principall place in this Tract is Armagh neare unto the River Kalin , which ( albeit it maketh a poor shew ) is the Archiepiscopall See and Metropolitane of the whole Island . Before S. Patricke had built there a faire City , for site , forme , quantity , and compasse , modelled out ( as he saith ) by the appointment and direction of Angels , this place was named Drumsalich ; the Irish tel much that it received the name of Queene Armacha : but the better opinions are , that it is the same which Bed● calleth Dearmach , and out of the Scottish and Irish language interpreteth it , The Field of Oakes . Here ( as S. Bernard writeth ) S. Patricke the Apostle of Ireland ruled in his life-time , and rested after death : in honour of whom it was of such venerable estimation in old time , that not only Bishops and Priests , but Kings also and Princes were ( in general ) subject to the Metropolitane therof in all obedience , and to his government alone . Among the Arch-bishops of this Province , S. Malachy is famoused , who first prohibited Priests marriage in Ireland , and ( as S. Bernard saith , who wrote his life at large ) borrowed no more of the native barbarousnesse of that Country , then Sea-fishes do saltnesse of the Seas . Also Richard Fitz-Ralf ( commonly called Armachanus ) is of famous memory , who turning the edge of his stile , about the yeare 1355. began to oppose his opinion against the Order of Mendicant Fryers , as detesting in Christians such voluntary begging . The chiefe Fort in this Tract is Enis Kelling , defended by the Rebels in the yeare 1593. and won by Dowdall , a most valiant Captain : neere unto which is a great downfall of water , termed The Salmon-Leape : of which there is a common speech currant among the Inhabitants , that is was once firme ground , very populous , and well husbanded with tillage ; till it was suddenly over-flowne with waters , and turned into a Lake , for some filthy abominable acts of the people against Nature committed with beasts . ( 10 ) The places of Religion , sequestred from other worldly services , and consecrated to holy purposes , erected in this Province , were : The Abbey which sheweth it selfe at Donegal : The Monastery of Derie , where the Irish Rebell Shane O-Neal received such an overthrow ( by Edward Randolph , renowned for his service in the behalf of his Country ) that he could never after recover the losse he sustained at that time : The Monastery neere unto the River Liffer : The famous Monastery at the Bay of Knockfergus , of the same institution , name , and order , as was that ancient Abbey in England , neere unto Chester , called Banchor : Also Mellifont Abbey , founded by Donald a King of Vriel , and much commended by S. Bernard : And lastly , the most renowned Monastery , built as Armagh in the yeare of our Salvation 610. out of which very many Monasteries were afterwards propagate both in Britaine and Ireland . These places were farre and neere frequented and sought unto by great confluences of Pilgrims , till Time proved their devotions to be erronious , and the pure light of the Word revealed , opening the eyes of their understanding , hath taught them to shake oft the shame of such Superstitions . ( 11 ) That the people of this County might be kepth within the bounds of their duty , this Province hath been secured with fifty six Castles and Forts ; and for trade of commerce , nine Market-Townes appointed , being divided into these Counties ensuing : Counties , Dunghall , or Tyr connell . Nether Tyrone . Monaghan . Downe . Fermanagh . Colrane . Armagh . Vpper Tyrone . Cavan . Antrim . Lough . map of the province of Ulster THE PROVINCE ULSTER described . The Division of VLSTER . 1. DVnghall or Tyr connell . 2. Vpper Tyrone . 3. Nether Tyrone . 4. Fermanagh . 5. Cavan . 6. Mcnaghan . 7. Colrane . 8. Antrim . 9. Downe . 10 Armagh . 11. Lough . A Knock-Aboy , Vpper Tyrone . Aendone , Monag . The Aggnes , Antrim . Agher , Monag . Lough Aghre , Down . Aghren , Ant. Aghugh , Arm. Agnaderry , Down . Almore , Dun. Altyne ella , Col. Anaghalome , Down . Aneregan , Dun. Angwis rocke , Down . Anogh , Col. Castle Antrim , Ant. Aperby hill , Ant. ARDEE , Lough . Ardtra , Nether Tyr. Arglas , Down . Arglas haven , Down . Mac Argum , Down . Arkine Castle , Down . ARMAGH , Arm. Castle Arnish , Arm. The North Isles of Arran , Dun. Ashrow Mac , Dun. Audley , Down . Aurely , Cavan . O. B Bably , Vpper Tyr. Slew bagh , Ferm . Bagnall , Down . Castle Balan , Ant. Baleghan , Dun. Balemony , Ant. Baleshanan , Dun. The Bay of Balewilly , Dun. Castle Baltern Ant. Ballydaly . Vpper Tyr. Ban Flu , Down . Bancher , Col. Band Flu , Ant. Band haven , Col. Barnebal , arm . Mac Banger , Down . Bangidon , Col. Barnemore , Dun. Baythdone , Vpper Tyr. Lough Begna , Down . Lough Beg , Ant. Belfast , Ant. Belterbert , Ferm . Bencol , Ant. Benebroch , Nether Tyr. Benlintowne , Lough . Benmadigang , Ant. Bermeth , Lough . Bert , Dun. The Bishops seat , Down . Blacke Abbey , Down . Black-head , Ant. Black-water , Neth . Tyr. Black-water Fort , N. Tyr. Black-water Flu , N. Tyr. The great Black-water , Ferm . Blare , Down . Bonavarga , Ant. Bonodrium , Ant. Castle Boy , Down . Boyesse Flu , Ant. Boyle , Dun. O. Castle Boyle , Dun. O. Enis Boyle , Dun. O. Bow Flu , Lough . Terlogh Brassilogh , Arm. Lan Brassill , Arm. C. Breklin , Down . East Brennie , Cavan . Brian Carrogh , ant . Saint Brides , down . The Briall , down . Brian Carrogh , Ne. Tyr. Bundorlin Fort , arm . Buneranagh , dun . C Calebeg , dun . Calebeg haven , dun . Mac Camher , down . Camis , Vpper Tyr. Camon Flu , Vpper Tyr. Candan point , down . Cane , Col. O. Mac Cane , arm . Capagh , Epper Tyr. Carick , Monagh . Carlingford haven , Lou. CARLINGFORD , Lo Carmacon , down . Canantogher , Neth . Tyr. Caroan , dun . Carramore , Vpper Tyr. Knock Cary , ant . Mac Carten , down . Lough Carutell , Nesh . Tyr. Cavan , Cavan . Castle Cavah , Cavan . Charles Fort , Neth . Tyr. Church-land , Monagh . Cladagh Iland , dun . Cladagh-bay , dun . Clanagher , Neth . Tyr. Clandawell , arm . The nether Clandeboy , ant . Clantarrin , Cavan . Castle Cloghbally , down . Cloghan , Monogh . Clogher point , Lough . Cloghera Bishops See , Monagh . Cloghmahar Duory , ant . Clon , Neth Tyr. Closhagh , Ferm . Clunis Monast. Ferm . Clyffe , down . Clyton , Lough . Cociti Flu , down . Coldagh , dun . Coldagh haven , dun . Collumkill , down . Colraine mon , ant . Colraine Castle , co . Lough Cone , down . Conner , down . Conora Bishops See , ant . Copland Isles , down . Cook , Lough . Lough Coran , Nether Tyr. Coraine Flu , ant . Cow and Calfe , down . Cragan , arm . Cramfeild point , down . Cremourne , Monagh . Crog Castle , ant . Crosse Isle , down . Lough Cryse , Nether Tyr. Cumber Flu , Ferm . Cusher Flu , down . D Dalgan Flu , arm . Dendough Carrick , ant . Lough Der , down . Derrie , dun . Derrie Fort , dun . Desert , Neth . Tyr. Devenish , Ferm . Dirgh Castle , dun . Dirgh Flu , dun . Lough Dirgh , or Saint Patrickes Purgatory , dun . Dirrey , down . Lough Disart , Nether Tyrone . Disart Crygh , Nether Tyrone . Mac Dogevene , Col. Doh . Arnbery . an t . Dole , Neth . Tyr. Donanerony , ant . Donaneny Castle , ant . Fort Donat , Nether Tyr. O. Lough Donat , Nether Tyr. O. DONDALKE , Lough . Dondrom bay , down . Donegall Monast , dun . Kill Donel , dun . Donelong , Vpper Tyr. Donenany point , Lough . Doneregy , arm . Donglas , Nether Tyr. Donhalieing , ant . Donegalke , Lough . Temple Donocave , Vpper Tyr. Donohelon , down . Donogh , Upper Tyr. Donoghiddy , Vpper Tyr. Slu Donogh , Col. Donoghs inragh , Nether Tyrone . Donogmore , down . Donomaw , down . Donomore , dun . Donmory , ant . Donomurke , Neth . Tyr. Knock Donoshery , Col. Temple Donrath , Vpper Tyr. Donroe , ant . Dony , Monagh . Dony , down . Dornous , arm . The Dorterey , Cavan . Dougharty , dun . O. Downoman , down . Mac Sul Downe , down . Droghdagh haven , Long. DROGHDAGH , Lou. Dromebaly , down . Dromemarke , ant . Dromore , down . Dromshallen , Lough . Dronecan , Lough . Drumboe , Neth . Tyr. Drumboe , Neth . Tyr. Dundalke haven , Lough . DVNGAL , dun . Dungall haven , dun . Dungannon , Neth . Tyr. Dunluce Castle , ant . Dunmore , Lough . Dunseeke , ant . Lough Dunuare , ant . E Earne Lough , Ferm . Bishops Egges , Monagh . Lough Egges , Monagh . Elowh , dun . Enesse , down . Enis Garden , down . Can Enis , dun . Enis Macky , Vpper Tyr. Enisken , Monagh . Enis forsed Logan , Col. Enys Pyke , Ferm . Lough Eske , dun . Eske Flu , dun . Knock Evah , down . F Faire forland , ant . Fawne Cast. Dun. Fenlogh , Mon. Fentenagh , Vpper Tyr. Finne Flu , dun . Lough Finne , dun . Castle Finne , dun . Foghan Flu , Col. Iland Fongren , Vpper Tyr. An old Fort , Nether Tyr. Forway , Lough . Lough Foyle , Vp. Tyr. Lough Foyle haven , dung . Freerston , ant . G Slew Gallon , Nether Tyr. Garland , Lough . Garstaune , Lough . Lough Gel , ant . Knock Glad , ant . Glanarme Castle , ant . Glanarme bay , ant . Glandagh , dun . South Glan de boy , down . Glanharky , ant Glankankyne , Nether Tyr. Glanraven Flu , ant . Glaspestell , Lough . Glastalagne , ant . The Glinnes , ant . Slew Gore , Monagh . Gormeley , Ferm . O. Grange , Lough . Grange , ant . Gray Abbey , down . Greene Castle , dun . Greene Castle , down . Gudorra Flu , dun . Mac Guere , Ferm . Guherra Flu. Mac Guilly , ant . H Haghnie Mullen , Mon. Hanaloe Flu , down . Lough Hardwarns , ant . Haukes rocke , dun . Haygardes , Lough . Hellaine Ha●rone , down . S. Helena , dun . S. Helens Haven , dun . Henry , Lough . Hernoh , down . Naghr Hollogh , Cau. Hollywood Abbey , down . Horrehead , dun . Hugh Mac. Duffe , dun . I Inchah , down . Ide , down . Igangoh , down . Ilanay , ant . Inis Castle , dun . S. Johns point , down . Lough Knock Iormy , down . K Karne Lough , down . Kasin Flu , arm . Lough Kasin , arm . Karreene , dun . Kelles Mac , ant . The Kelles Duffree , down . Mac Kenan , Monagh . Kilcorwan , down . Kill-Cliffe , down . Killeagh , down . Kille-cony , down . Killetra , Neth . Tyr. Killetro , Neth . Tyr. Enis Killing Fort , Ferm . Mac Killoran , Arm. Killoughter , Cavan . Killultagh , down . Kilmacrenan , dun . Kilmack , dun . Kilmana , Neth . Tyr. Kilmore , Monagh . Kilmore , Cavan . Kilrough , Col. Kilrout , Ant. Kilwarlin , Down . Kite Ba , Dun. Kne Iland , ant . Castle Knock , Vpper Tyr. Knock Crag , Nether . Tyr. Knockerunollogh , dow . KNOCKFERGUS , ant . Knomanage , Neth . Tyr. Kolmologcrogh , Cavan . The Kow , ant . Kullemeor , dun . Lough Kurkan , down . L Lambes Iland , ant . The Largy , Nether Tyr. Laurie , down . Lecale Fort , down . Leinwady Castle , Col. Leiston Flu , down . Leyseynnes , Monagh . Lumnart , Lough . Lough Luske , Nether Tyr. Liffer , dun . Lisemucke , Monagh . Lisekilogham , Ferm . Lisgold , Ferm . Lisham , Neth . Tyr. Lishanaham , Monagh . Lisnafa , down . Dogan Flu , down . Castle Lough , down . Lough Swilly , dun . Lough Foyle , dun . Lough , Lough . LOVTH , Lough . Lumnart , Lough . Louth Luske , Nether Tyr. M Mac Macomer , ant . Madarge point , dow . Mages Isle , ant . Magroittree , dun . Castle Maing , Monagh . Mahaline , ant . Mahamley , down . Mahara Ferkin , ant . Maharla , down . Maharlef gall , Nether Tyr. Maharles , Arm. Maharry , Neth . Tyr. Mahone gall , down . Mahtra , down . Malin , dun . Markinton bay , ant . Marshals , ant . Skir Martin , down . Mac Masarmah , ant . The Maidnes , ant . Mehaterry , down . Melogh Flu , down . Mellogh Carne , Vpper Tyr. Mere , Lough . Slew Meser , ant . Six Milebridge , dow . Miskigh mewgh , dun . Moan Flu , dun . All Mollallan , dun . Mollogh gora Fort , Vpper Tyr. Monaghan Fort , Mon. Montjoy Fort , Nether Tyr. Monuell Abbey , down . Mourne , down . The mountaine of Mourne , down . Mounterburne , Nether Tyr. Lough Muckne , Mon. Muckne , Mon. Knock Mullagh , ant . Castle Mille , Lough . N Castle Narrow-water , Lo. Narrow-water , Dow. Lough Neaugh , Nether Tyr. Mac Negosarahan , Col. Newcastle , Lough . Newcastle , down . NEWRY , down . Newton , Vpper Tyr. Newtowne , Vpper Tyr. Newtowne Abbey , down . Mount Norris , Arm. North-rocke , down . O Odonel , Dun. Henry Ogge , Arm. Olderflet , ant . Olderfleet haven , An. The stone where male is chosen , Nether Tyr. Omey Castle , Vpper Tyr. Mac Omey , Vpper Tyr. Onealand , arm . Slugart Oneale , Dun. Slut Mac Oneale , Down . Orraine , arm . Ousher flu , dun . Owen Duffe , Nether Tyr. Owen Maugh the ancient seat of the Kings of Vlster , arms . Roc Owen . Col. Roc Owen flu . Nether Tyr. Inis Owen , Dun. Owindirgh ant . Oxlogh , Mon. P The Passe , Down . The Passe , Lough . Lough Patelegan , arm . Patrik , Down . S. Patriks rock , dow . Peremucke , ant . Permeferry , down . Bishop Philip , down . Pisneracregan , Cavan . Plelim , down . Polly , down . Promontary , ant . R Ragh Iland , down . Ragha Iland , Nether Tyr. Raghin , Mon. The Raghlins , ant . Ramultan Castle , dun . Rane-had , down . Raynold , down . Bishop Reagh , ant . Reagh , down . Red bay Castle , ant . Red Castle , dun . Red-bay , ant . Red-haven , dun . Relly , down . Richard , Lough . Rinor , Neth . Tyr. Rock flu , Col. Lough Rosse , Monagh . Castle Rosse , Monagh . Lough Rose , Monagh . Rosse , dun . The Rowte , ant . Lough Rush , Col. Lough Ryle , down . S Lough Sade-fold , Mon. Sarard , Lough . Salmon-leape , ant . The Salmon Fishing , dun . Savage , down . Sawell pit a Mew , Col. Scatericke , Down . Scottes , ant . Mount Sendall , ant . Knock Serabah , Do. Sergeants towne , Ar. Sidney Iland , Nether Tyr. Silver hill , dun . Shanan , Lough . Lough Shanahan , down . Sheap flu down . Sheepe haven , dun . Shelton , Lough . Skee , Ferm . Skinne flu , Col. Skirres Portrush , Col. Skirris , ant . Skrine , Neth . Tyr. Smiths Castle , down . Sok-le-boy , An. South-rock , down . Stokan , Neth . Tyr. Stone-over , ant . Strangford , down . Strangford haven , dow . Temple Stanhurst land , down . Streband , Vpper Tyr. Lough Swilly haven , dun . Mac Swinne dogh , dun . Mac Swinne Banogh , dun . Mac Swinne Fannought , dun . Castle Swinne Ado , dun . T Tadog , ant . Talbot , down . Tallah , Neth . Tyr. Tallowen flu , Nether Tyr. Tehevet , ant . Telyn , dun . Tenan , arm . Bay Teraine , ant . Terim flu , Neth . Tyr. Termon , Vpper Tyr. Slue Tgore , Col. Lough Tinan , Monagh . Bishop Togher , down . Toghraby , Monagh . Tallagh Corbet , Mon. Tollogh Cast , Lough . Tolloghnest , Ne. Tyr. Tome Fort , Neth . Tyr. Tome lagh , dun . Tor , ant . Tor Island , ant . Torre Island , dun . Toughagh , arm . Toune , Lough . Toune Castle , ant . Trigall , Net. Tyr. Slew Trim , Vpper Tyr. Troghenghtro , Mon. Owen ne Trough , Nether Tyr. Trowis flu . Tullagh , Neth . Tyr. Tullash , down . V Uragh flu . W Wall , Mon. Walley Bay , dun . Warren Castle , Lough . Warren flu . Welsh Castle , down . Whithead bay , ant . Whithead Castle , ant . White Castle , dun . White Abbey , ant . White Land , ant . Whites Castle , down . White Island , down . Bishop Willy Castle , dun . THE FIRST INDEX OR ALPHABETICALL TABLE , containing the principall matters in the Maps both of ENGLAND and IRELAND , the first number noting the Page , and the second the Section . A Fol. Sect. ABer-Conwey Towne like a Citie , 123 6 Aberfrawe the Prince of Wales his Court , 99 8 Adelme founder of Malmesbury Monastery , 25.8 Adulph reedisieth Peterborow Monastery , upon what ocsion , 55.7 Iul : Agricola his Trench or Fortification , limiting the Romane Province , 6.9 Saint Albanes Isle , 94.8 Saint Albanes Towne and Monastery , 39.5 Alcluid , i. Dunbritton , 132.12 Alesbury wherefore much frequented , 43.7 . Alexander King of Scots , King of the Western Ilands , and of Man , 92.16 Alfred ( or Elfred ) restoreth the Vniversitie of Oxford , 45.7 Buildeth Colledges , and placeth Readers there , ibid. Almanac of Harvest men in Denbigh shire , 119.3 Alney Iland , 47.10 Amble-side or Amboglana , 85 10 Ambresbury Abbey , 17.6 & 25.9 . Ancalites where seated , 45.4 Anderida Citie , 9.4 Andradswald , 9.4 S. Annes-well at Buxstones , 67.8 Anglesey Isle how confined , 99.8 What Cantreds and Commots it hath , 99.8 How named , and why , 125.1 The forme and dimension of it , 2 The Aire and Commodities thereof , 3 The seat of the Druids , 5 How divided , Ibid. By whom infested and subdued , 9 Hundreds and Townes thereof 126 Antimonium . See Stibium . Antiquities in West Riding , 79.7 Anwicke field , 89.10 Appleby Towne and Castle in Westmoreland . 85.8 Aquila prophsieth , 17.6 Arch-bishops Sees in Britain three , 2.14 Armagh an Archiepiscopall and Metropolitane See in Ireland , 145.9 Arran Ilands neere Galway , 143.6 Arthurs chair an high mountaine , 109.4 . King Arthurs round Table at Llansanan in Denbighshire , 119.6 Prince Arthur keepeth his Court at Ludlow , 71.7 Prince Arthur his Monumēt or Sepulchre , 51.5 & 23.10 Arvon , i. Cair-Narvon , 99.7 . Ashes making ground fruitfull , 119.4 Ashbridge much renowned for a feigned Miracle , 43.7 Saint Assaph in North-Wales an Episcopall See , 99.11 & 121.9 Astroits the precious stone found at Slugbury in Warwick shire , 53.7 Alsoneere Bever , 61.3 Attrebatii where planted , 27 5 Saint Andree foundresse of Ely. 37.5 Saint Andrees Liberties , Ibid. Angustine first Archbishop of Canterbury , 6.5 Angustines Oke in Worcestershire , 51.6 Anteri , what people in Ireland , 143.5 . B Badbury the West-Saxon Kings Court , 17.6 Brinbrig an ancient place , 79.7 Bala Curi , the Bishops Palace of the Isle of Man , 91.5 Baldwine the great Forrester of Flaunders . 57.2 Banchor or Bangor a Citie , and the first Monasterie , 121 9 The ruines thereof , Ibid. A Bishops See , 99.9 Brakley Castle where King Edward the 2. was murdered , 47.10 Braklow hils in Essex , 31.5 Bark-shire whence it tooke ram● , 27.1 How it is bounded , 27.1 The forme , measure , and ayre thereof , 27.2.3.4 What cōmodities it yeeldeth , 27.4 By whom anciently inhabited , 27.5 What Religious houses it had , 27.10 Hundreds and Townes in Barke-shire , 28 Barnet field , 29.9 Bartholanus & his three sons planted in Ireland . 137 8 Barwick 89.9 How governed , Ibid. The graduation of it , Ibid. Battle-bridge , 81.7 Battaile-field , 9.7 Battaile of Standard , 81.7 Bathe in Sommerset-shire , what names it had , and why so called , 23.7 Beault in Brecknock-shire , 109 5. Beau-marish , why so named , See Bonover , 125.8 . Thomas Becket his Tombe , 7.8 Bede a Monke of Weremouth , where borne , 83 6 Bedford-shire how bounded , 41.1 The forme and dimension of it , 41.2 The air , soile , and commodities of Bedford-shire , 41.3 . The ancient Inhabitants thereof , 41.4 Hundreds and Townes therein , 42 Bedford Towne and Castle , 41.6.7 How described , and how governed , 41.7 The graduation of it , 41 10 Of Beeston Castle a Prophesie , 73.9 Belga , where seated , 13.6 . & 15 6 & 23.5 . & 25.5 Bellona's Temple in York 78 9 Bennones . See Cleicester . Benonium . See Binchester . Berinus the first Archbishop of Dorchester , 6.8 His circuit , Ibid. The Apostle and Bishop of the West-Saxons , Ibid. Preacheth and baptizeth at Oxford , 45.4 The Apostle also of the South-Saxons , Ibid. Berry , sometimes a famous Citie in Shrop-shire , 71.9 Berth a Towne in Scotland destroyed by the inundation of Tai , 132.16 Y. Bervedhwald the fourth part of North-Wales : the bounds , commodities , cantreds and commots in it , 99.11 Bever in Tivi River described , 113.3 . Beverley a Sanctuary , 81.5 Saint Iohn of Beverley , Ibid. Bibroces what people , 25 5 Binbridge Isle , 15.4 Binchester , sometimes Benonium , 83.9 Sir Richard Bingham his valour and wisedome in repressing Mac-Williams posteritie , 143.7 Bishoprickes how many in England and Wales , 6.4 Blany people in Ireland , 141 4 Blond-raine , 15.8 . & 78.9 Charles Blunt , Lord Mount-Ioy quenched the rebellion of Tirone , 139.9 Bedman , the middle Towne of Cornwall , 21.8 the climate thereof , Ibid. A Bishops See removed to Excester , 21.10 . Queene Boduo razeth Maldon , 31.8 Bone-well in Herefordshire , 49 6 Benover now Beau-marish , 129 The government and graduation of it , Ibid. Borders betweene Scotland and England , 6.11 Now the middest of the Empire , Ibid. Borow , what it signifieth , 3.6 Bors-holder or Tithingman , 3.6 Bosham in Sussex , 9.8 Boskenna Monument or Trophee , 21.9 Bovata . See Oxgang . Bovium . See Ban●hor . Bowes an ancient Towne in West-riding , 79.7 Brasen armour digged up in Cornwall , 21.9 Brasen nose Colledge in Stanford , 59.8 Breake-speare . See Hadrian the fourth . Breertous death in Cheshire presignified , 73.9 Brecknock-shire , the nature of it , 100.21 What Cantreves and Commots it hath , ibid. Brecknock-shire how bounded , 109.1 Why so named , ibid. The dimension of it , 109 2 The nature of the soyle , 3 By whom inhabited in old time , 4 In Brecknock-shire what Hundreds , Townes , and memorable places , 110 Brecknocke Towne and Castle how seated , 109.6 The graduation of it , Ibid . How governed , Ibid. Brigantes in England where seated , 75.5 & 79.4 . & 87.5 . & 83.5 . & 85.5 . Brigantes or Birgantes in Ireland , whence they tooke name , 141.4 Saint Brigid much esteemed in Kildare , 141.8 Saint Brioch , or Brien , a Town in Britain Armorica whence it had denomination , 139.6 Saint Briochus where borne and bred , 139.6 Bristow a beautifull Citie , 23.7 & 47.8 A County by it selfe , 23.7 & 47.8 How governed , 23.7 Great Britaine how far it extends , 1.2 The greatest Island of the Roman world , ibid. What Countries abut upon it , 1.3 Her Eulogies , 1.3 . & 4 The site thereof , 1.2 Sometime no Island , 1.6 Slenderly known to Iulius Caesar , 2.8 Divided into Kingdoms in Caesars time , 2.9 The supposed divisiō thereof to Brutus three sonnes , 2.10 Britaine into three parts divided , 99.1 Britaine the lesse in Ptolemy is Ireland , 2.11 Britaine great and lesse how to be taken , 2.12 Britaine the higher , what it is in Dio , 2.13 Britaine the lower , what it is in Dio , ibid. Britaine divided by Severus into two Provinces , higher and lower , 2.13 Divided into three parts , 2 14 Britannia prima , secunda , maxima Caesariensis , 2.14 Britaine divided into five parts , 2.15 Prima , how limited , 2.15 15 Secunda , how bounded , ibid. Maxima Caesariensis , how limited , 2.15 Britaine for greatnesse the second Island in the world , 137.4 Britaines Conquest highly respected of the Romanes , 2 17 Britaines triumph magnificent , 2.17 Brittish Brickes , 77.6 Brittish Islands which they be , 1.3 Buckingham-shire , why so called , 43.1 How bounded , 43.2 The dimension of it , ibid. The aire and soile , 43.3 The Commodities , ibid. By whom in old time inhabited , 43.4 Places of Religion therein , 43.7 Hundreds & Towns therein , 44 Buckingham Town how seated , 43.5 How governed , ibid. The graduation of it , ibid. Buleum Silurum , 109.5 Bullingbroke the birth-place of King Henry the fourth , 63 7 Bur● a River in Norfolke , 35 3 Burgheses , 4.7 Burgh under Stanemore , 85.8 The same that Vertera , ibid. Busie-gap , 89.13 Buxston Wells , 67.8 C Caer-Caradoc , why so called , 71.5 Caer-diff , the fairest Towne of all South-Wales , 105.4 How governed , ibid. The site thereof , ibid. Caer-diff Castle , where Robert Curthose was kept prisoner , 105.4 Caer-digan shire how bounded , 100.16 . & 113.1 Townes , Castles , Cantreves and Commots therein , 100.16 The County given to Gilbert de Clare , 113.5 The forme and dimension thereof , 113.2 Commodities thereof , 113 4 Hundreds , Townes , Rivers , &c. in it , 114 Caer-digan Towne upon Tivi , 100.16 How seated and by whom fortified . 113.7 The graduation thereof , ibid. Caer-legion is Westchester , 73 7 Caer-leon an Arch-bishops See , 6 Caer-lheon upon Vske , 110 20 Caer-marden shire how divided into Cantreves & Commots , 100.18 How it is bounded , 103 1 The forme and aire of it , 103.2 . & 3 By whom in old time possessed , 103 4 The Commodities it yeeldeth , ibid. 5 Hundreds , Townes , &c. in it , 104 Roman Coyns there found , 103.4 Carmarden town , what names it hath , 103.6 How governed , 103.6 The position thereof , ibid. Caernarvon-shire how bounded , 99.9 . & 123.1 What names it hath , 123 1 The forme and dimension of it , ibid. 2 The aire and soile , ibid. 3 & 4 In it Pearls engendred , 123 5 Cantreves and Commots in it , 99.9 By what people in old time inhabited , 123.5 Townes , Rivers , and memorable places , 124. Caernarvon Towne or Citie within a Castle , 123.6 The civilitie and government thereof , 123.6 The position , ibid. 99.9 Caer-Segont , i. Carnarvon . 99.9 Caesaria . See Iersey . Caledonia Wood in Scotland , 123.12 Caledonium or Deucaledonium Sea , 99.1 Caledonii , 2.12 . Calphurnius Father of Saint Patricke , 101.7 Camalet Hill in Sommersetshire , 23.10 Camalodunum . See Malden . Cambria . Cambri . Cambraoc . 99.2 Cambridge-shire how named by the Saxons , 37.1 How bounded , ibid. The length , bredth , and circumference of it , 37.2 Whence it came to be so called , 37.4 What Religious houses therein , 37.3 Commodities thereof , 37 6 Hundreds and Townes therein , 38 Cambridge towne and graduation , 37.4 Made an Vniversitie , ibid. Came a River in Cambridge-shire , 37.3 Candal . See Kendal . Cangi , where they inhabited , 37.5 Canterbury a very ancient Citie , 7.8 The glory and graduation of it . 7. ● Canterburie Arch-bishop , Primate of all England , 6.7 Metropolitane , and his jurisdiction , 5.4 King Canute with his Danes overthrowne , 17.4 Canutus Delfe . See Swords Delfe . 57.1 Caractacus a valiant British Prince , 71.5 Caresbrooke Castle in the Isle of Wight , 15.7 The position or graduation of it , ibid. At Carleton in Leicester-shire they wharle in their speech , 61.2 Carlilo Citie how seated , 87 7 An Episcopall See , 87.7 What names it had , 87.7 A Colony of Flemmings , ibid. The Castle built , ibid. The position thereof , ibid. Carreg Castle , 103.7 Caruca and Carucata what it is , 57.3 Casquets what rockes , 94.3 Casterford , 78.10 Called Legeolium , ibid. Cassii what people and where planted , 39.4 . Castle Cornet in Garnsey , 94.8 Castor in Norfolke , sometime Venta Icenorum , 35.5 Catarick , or Cattrick bridge an ancient place , 79 7 Cattieuchlani where seated , 39.4 & 41.4 & 43.4 Catigern slaine in Battle , 7 11 A Cave or Chinke yeelding a strange noise , 105.6 Cauci people in Ireland , 104 4 Ceangi . See Cangi , Ceaulin defeated by the Britaines dieth in exile , 25 6 Robert Cecil , the worthy Earle of Salisbury , 25.7 Centuriatae , or Hundreds why so called , 57.3 Ceorle or Churle , 4.7 Chamber in the Forrest , 73 7 Charlos Duke of Orleance taken prisoner , 9.8 Chersey in Buckingham-shire , 43.4 Cheese in Essex . 31 6 Cheese in Suffolke , 33.5 Cheshire how bounded , 73 1 The forme , ayre , and Climate , 73.2 . & 3 The soyle , ibid. 4 Cheese there the best , 73 4 The men described , ibid. 5 Chiefe for men and women , ibid. Alwayes true and loyall to their Soveraigne , ibid. Their Gentry , ibid. Made a Principalitie , ibid. A Countie Palatine , ibid. The Commodities thereof , 73.7 Hundreds and Townes therein , 74 Chester Citie , alias West Chester , 73.7 The Minster or Cathedrall Church by whom built , 73.7 A Corporation of it selfe , 73.7 The position thereof , 73.7 Chester Earledome , 73.8 Chester in the Street , sometime Condercum , 83.9 Chichester Citie , 9.6 Chichester the Cathedrall Church built and twice burnt , ibid. Chichester hath borne the title of an Earledome , ibid. The position thereof , ibid. Chiltern-hills . 43.3 Chirke Castle in Chirkeland , 100.12 Chorographicall Tombe of this worke , 1.1 Christ his Passion cut in stone by David 2. King of Scots , prisoner , 65.7 Cidre . See Sidre . Cimenshore in Sussex , why so called , 9.7 Cinque Ports , 7.5 Circester why called Passerum Vrbi , 47.9 How named in old time , ibid. Of what circuit in times past , ibid. Cites or Kitescote the Monument of Catigern , 7.11 Citie built Saint Cuthbert in Farne Isle , 93 Clare County . See Twomund . Clawdh Offa. See Offa ditch . Clausentium , now Southampton , 13.10 Cleicester where it stood . 61.7 Cley , a part of Nottinghamshire , 65.7 Coccles on the top of Mountaines , 79.6 Coinage in old time , 57.5 Cole in pits of what substance , 83.4 Cole-pits in the Bishopricke of Durham , 83.4 Cole in pits at Cole-Overton in Leicester-shire , 61.1 Colchester by whom built , 31 7 In Colchester Constantine the great borne , 31.7 Colchester how fortified , 31.7 whereof it taketh name , 31 7 The civill government and graduation of Colchester , ibid. Colledges which were first endowed with lands in all Christendome , 45.7 Columbkill where the Kings of Scotland , Ireland , and Norway were entombed , 132.18 Combat betweene Edmond Ironside and Canutus , 47.10 Comius Attrebas or of Arras , 27.5 Commodus the Emperour his Hercules-like Statue , 79.7 Concani . See Gangani . Concha mother to Saint Patricke , 101.7 . & 132.12 Condercum . See Chester in the Street . Coning . i. King why so called , 4.7 Connaught Province how it is bounded , 143.1 The forme and dimension thereof , 143.2 The Aire and Bogghes , ibid. 3 By whom inhabited in old time , 143.5 Extream famine there , 143.8 What religious houses there , 143.9 Counties and Townes there , 144 Constantius Chlorus the Emperour died at Yorke , 78.9 His Sepulcher , 78.11 Conwy river how named in old time , 123.6 Iohn Cobland a famous and valiant Esquire , In the Map of Durham Bishopricke , Cobland a part of Cumberland , 87.2 Copper-Mine at Wenlocke in Shropshire , 71.9 In Cumberland , 87.4 Corinaeus , 22 Coritani where they inhabited , 55.4 . & 59.6 & 61.4 . & 67.4 Corham or Coverham Abbey , 79.8 Corke Countie in Ireland sometime a Kingdome , 139 Corke Citie in Mounster , how seated , 139.6 An Episcopall See , ibid. The marriage of the Citizens , ibid. Cornavii what countries they held , 51.4 . & 53.4 . & 69.5 . & 71.5 . & 73.5 . Cornwall why so called , 3.2 & 21.1 Of what temperature for aire it is , 21.2 Almost an Isle , 21.4 The soile , 21.3 The dimension thereof , 21.3 The ancient and moderne Inhabitants , 21.5 It giveth title of Earle and Duke , 21.6 What commodities it yeeldeth , 21.7 Religious houses therein , 21.10 Hundreds and Townes therein , 22 Cottons Family of Coningham in Huntingtonshire , 58.8 Coventry a well walled Citie , 53.5 A Corporation and Countie by it selfe , 53.5 Counsell of the Marches of Wales ordained , 71.7 Counsell at Yorke erected , 78 9 Courts of Iustice altered by King William Conquerour , 5.3 . Caway Stakes , 29.6 Crediton or Kirton a Bishops See translated to Excester , 19.6 Cretingsbury , 58.10 Sir Adam de Cretings , ibid. Robert Bossu Crouch-backe Earle of Leicester rebelleth , 61.6 Buildeth the Abbey of St Maries de Pratls neere Leicester , 61.6 Hee becommeth a Canon Regular , 61.6 Cuba an Island , 1.2 Cumberland how bounded , 87.1 The form and aire of it , 87 & 2.3 Whence it tooke name , 87.5 Commodities thereof , 87.4 The ancient Inhabitants , 87.5 A Kingdome , ibid. Antiquities therein , 87.6 Townes therein , 88 Cumri , 99.2 Custodes . See Lieutenants . Cuthbert Bishop of Lind●ssarne , 93 The tutelar Patron of Northerne English-men against the Scots , 83.6 A Saint and much adored , 83.6 His Tombe much visited by Kings in Pilgrimage , ibid. D Lord Dalbney or Daubney with Cornish Rebels overthrown upon Black-heath , 7.10 Danelage , 5.3 Danish Law , 4.8 Danmonii , where placed Danewort hearb , why so called , 31.5 Darby-shire how bounded , 67.1 The forme and dimension of it , 67.2 The aire and soile thereof , ibid. 3 The Inhabitants of it in old time , 67.4 Commodities thereof , 67 5 What Religious Houses therein , 67.9 Hundreds & Towns thereof , 68 Darby Towne how named in times past , 67.6 Alhallowes Steeple there by whom built , ibid. The government and graduation thereof , ibid. Darnii , people of Ireland , 145.5 David Disciple of Dubricius , uncle to King Arthur Arch-bishop of Menevia , 6.6 David 2. King of Scots prisosoner in Nottingham castle , 65.6 Saint Davids Citie , 101.7 A Nurcerie of holy men , ibid. An Archiepiscopall See , 101.6 The Cathedrall Church thereof , ibid , Saint David Bishop refuteth the Pelagians , 113.7 Dee River glideth through Pimple meere without mixture , 117.5 Deemsters in the Isle of Man , 91.5 Deheubarth , i. South Wales , 110.15 Deirwand , 81.8 Dela his five sonnes seated in Ireland , 137.10 Demetia or Dimetia . i. South-Wales , 100.15 Demetiae , what Nation , and where planted , 101.4 & 103.4 Or Dimetae , 113.5 Denbigh Towne and Castle in North wales , 99.11 & 119.7 An Earth-quake there without harme , 119.7 How governed , ibid. The graduation of it , ibid. Denbigh-shire how limited , 119.1 The forme and dimension thereof , 119.2 The aire and soile thereof , 119. & 3.4 By whom inhabited in old time , 119.5 The Commodities thereof , 119.6 Hundreds and Townes thereof , 120 Depopulation in England complained of , 4.10 Derwent River , 67.3 Earle of Desmonds Rebellion suppressed , 139.9 Himselfe beheaded by a Souldier , ibid. Deucalidonian sea , 99.1 Devils arse in the Peake , 67.8 Devils ditch , 33.7 . & 37.7 Devon-shire name whence derived , 91.1 How bounded 91 1 The dimension thereof , 19.2 The aire and soile of it 19.3 What Ports and Havens it hath , 19.4 What commodities it yeeldeth , 19.5 It giveth titles of Duke and Earle , 19.8 What Religious houses in it , 19.9 Hundreds & Towns therein , 20 Diamonds gotten in Cornewall , 21.7 In Somerset-shire , 23.6 Dyffrin Cluid . 119.6 The fairest valley within Wales , 99.11 Divelin or Dublin Countie destitute of wood , 141.3 Divelin Citie the chief in Ireland , why called in Irish Bala Cleigh , 141.6 Loyall to the Crowne of England . 141.10 How adorned , ibid. 11 How governed , ibid. Divet . i. Pembroke-shire , 100 17 Division of this whole worke or Theatre , 1.1 A division of England fourefold in Canute his days , 4.11 Division of England according to Iurisdiction Archiepiscopall , 5.4 Dobuni where seated , 45.4 & 47.4 Domesday booke , why so called , 5.8 Dopnald King of Man tyrannizeth , and flieth into Ireland , 92.5 Dorchester ( by Oxford ) an Episcopall See , 45.4 Removed to Lincolne , 6.9 Had Archiepiscopall jurisdiction , 6.8 How seated , 17.5 The civill government thereof , 17.5 The graduation of it , 17.6 Dorcester-shire whence it took name , 17.1 How bounded , ibid. The forme and measure of it , 17.2 The aire and soile thereof , 17.3 . By whom possessed in old time , 17.4 The commodities it yeeldeth , 17.5 What memorable places there , 17.6 What religious houses , 17 7.8 What Castles , 17.9 Divisions , Hundreds and Townes therein , 18 Dover the Locke and Key to England , 7.5 Downes in Sussex , 9.4 Sir Francis Drake compassed the Globe of the earth by Sea , 19.4 Drax an Abbey , 77.7 Dropping Well , 78.11 Dubricius Arch-bishop of Caerlion , 6.6 Dunstan , against Priests marriage , his supposed Stratagem , 2● . 6 Duwich an Episcopall See , 339 Durol rivae , 58.8 Duro sipont . See God-Manchester . Durotriges where seated , 17.4 Durham Bishopricke how bounded , 83.1 The forme and dimension of it , 83.2 The aire and soile , 83.3 & 4 The ancient Inhabitants of it , 83.5 Townes in the Bishopricke , 84 Bishops their Royalties , 83.6 Durham Citie a Bishops See , Ibid. A Countie Palatine , Ibid E Eadesburg , where now the Chamber in the Forrest , 73.7 King Eadgars triumph at Chester , ibid. Ealdermen who in times past , 4.7 East-England , 4.11 East-Riding how bounded , 81 East-Riding how seated , 77.4 The aire , soile , and commodities , 81.2 . & 3 In East-Riding what Hundreds and Townes , 82 Edel●fleda built Glocester Church , 47.7 Edel-fleda beneficiall to Leicester , 61.6 Edith a Saint , 45.7 Edmund Earle of Richmond father to King Henry the seaventh , 101.7 His tomb , ibid. Saint Edmunds bury how named in the Saxons time , 33.6 Saint Edmunds-Bury Abbey and Towne praised , ibid. King Edward the second , first of the English Race , Prince of Wales , 123.6 Murdered by the meanes of Isabel his wife , 47.7 Enterred in Glocest. Church , where his Monument remaineth , ibid. Einesbury , alias Arnulphsbury , 58.10 Elden hole , 67.8 Eleanor wife to King Edward the first commended , 63.7 Eleanor widow to King Henry the third becommeth a Nunne , 25.9 Elfred ( or Alfred ) the first that divided his Kingdomes into Shires , 3 4. & 5 His noble care in restoring the Vniversitie of Oxford , 45 7 Elie , 37.5 Ella King of Northumberland slaine , 78.9 Elmet , 78.10 Elmham a Bishops See , 35.8 Emerill stone found in Garnsey , 94.6 England on this side Humber how divided into Hides , 3.3 . Little England beyond Wales , 101.4 England shared into Principalities by whom , and to what purpose , 57.30 Enis-Kelling a strong Fort in Vlster , 145.9 Eorles , i. Earles , 4.7 . & 11 Erdini , people in Ireland , 145 5 Erminstreet , 37.7 Essex , why so named , 31.1 The forme and dimension , 1.2 How bounded , ibid. 3 The aire and soile , 31.4 The ancient Inhabitants , 31.5 What commodities it yeeldeth , 31.6 What religious houses therein , 31.9 Hundreds and townes therein , 32 Excester Citie whence it named that name , 19 6 It was a Dukedom , Marquisate , and Earledome , 19 8 The description thereof , 19 6 Her magnificent Cathedrall Church by whom built , ibid. The Bishops See , ibid. It withstood the Saxons 465 yeares , ibid. How valiant against all her Sieges , ibid. VVhat losses it hath felt , ibid. Resisted William Conquerour till the walles fell downe , ibid. How loyall to King Edward the sixt , ibid. The Climate thereof , ibid. How governed , ibid. The birth-place of the matchlesse Poet Iosephus Isanus , ibid. Exchequer Court first erected , 5.3 Exmore Monuments in Devon-shire , 19.7 F Falmouth Haven commended 21.7 Farne Isle how bounded , 93 The form , aire , soile , and commodities , ibid. Feldon or Felden a part of Warwick-shire , 53.3 Finborow a Citie , where now the Chamber in the Forrest , 73.7 Fingall King of Man. 9.2 Rich. Fitz-Ralph against Mendicant Friers , 145.9 Flamins and Arch-Flamins , 6.5 Their places converted into Bishops Sees , ibid. Flavia Caesariensis , a part of Britaine , why so called , 2.15 How limited , 2.16 Fleg , a part of Norfolke , 35.1 Flemins inhabiting Rosse in Wales , 101.4 Flint-shire how bounded , and of what form , 121.1 The dimension , ibid. 2 The aire and Climate , 121 3. & 4 The commodities , 121.5 The ancient Inhabitants , 121.6 Hundreds and Townes there , 122 Flint castle by whom founded and finished , 121.7 The graduation thereof , ibid. Flodden-field , 89 ▪ 10 Foelix , Bishop of Dunwich , 35.8 A Font of solide brasse , 39.5 Forrest both name and thing whence it came , 57.2 Forrest justice , 57. ● Forresters office , ibid. Fotheriaghay Castle and Collegiate Church , 55.8 Fouldage in Norfolke what it is , 35.2 Fountain ebbing and slowing , 85.9 Fountaines Abbey , 77.7 Freshwater Isle , 15.14 Friburgi , 57.4 G Gallena See Wallingford . Galloglasses what they are , 138.19 Galloway County how commodious , 143.4 Galway the third City in Ireland , and an Episcopall See ▪ 143.6 Gangani a people in Ireland , 143.5 Gaothel with his wife Scota come into Ireland , 137 11 Garnsay Island how it is situate , 94.1 The dimension thereof , ibid. The forme of it , 942. Sometime called Sarnia , 94.1 The government , originall , and language of the Inhabitants , 94 5 & 8 Market-Townes , Castles , and Parishes therein , 94 8 No Toade , Snake , or venomous creature there , 94.3 Order of the Garter , 27.8 Gateshed , 89.8 Pierce Gaveston beheaded , 53.4 Gessrey ap Arthur of Monmouth why so called , 107.4 Geese where they sail as they slie . 81.6 Saint Germane confuteth the Pelagian Heresie , 77.7 H● sin●ieth at Oxford , 45.7 Giants teeth and bones digged up , 31.8 Giants dance , translated out of Leinster to Salisbury Plaine by Merlin , 141.14 Gildas the old Britaine , Student in Oxford , 45.7 Gilling Monastery , 79.5 Gisburg Abbey , 81.8 Glamorgan-shire how limited , 100.19 . & 109.1 What Cantreves and Commots it hath , 100 19 The forme and measure of i● , 105.2 The aire and soile thereof , 105.3 The Commodities it standeth upon , 10● . 3 Castles and religious houses in it , 105.8 Hundreds , Townes , and memorable places therein , 106 Glastenbury Abbey first begunne by Ioseph of Arimathea , 23.9 Glocester-shire how it is bounded , 47.1 The dimension of it , 47.2 The forme , aire , and soile , 47.3 The commodities thereof , 47.3 . & 5 By whom in ancient time inhabited , 47.4 Hundreds and Towns therein , 48 Glocester Citie how called in old time , 47.6 A Cathedrall See , 47.7 The graduation of it , ibid That Dukedome fatall ever to her Dukes , 47 11 Godiva Earle Leofrikes wife , released Coventry of Tributes by riding naked thorow it , 53.5 Godmanchester or Gormanchester , 107.4 Godred the sonne of Syrricke King of Man , 92.1 His death , 92.2 Godred Crovan warreth upon the Manksmen , 92.3 Conquereth the Isle of Man , and is King , 92.3 Buried in Ila an Island , ibid. Godred sonne of Olave King of Man , 92.7 King of Dublin , 92.7 He vanquished and slew Osibeley , 92.7 Hee tyrannizeth in Man , ibid. Put to slight by Summerled , 92.7 King of the Isles also , 92.9 His death , buriall and issue , ibid. Godred Don , sonne of Reginald King of the Islands slaine , 92.10 Goodwin Sands dangerous shelves , 7.6 Gog-Magog , 21.1 Gog-Magog hilles , 37.7 Grantbridge , 37.4 Grantcester an ancient Citie , 37.4 Arthur Baron Grey suppresseth Desmonds Rebellion , 139.9 Gromebridge in Sussex , 9.8 Grounds in the Irish Sea what they be , 141.7 Grounds made fruitfull with burning ashes , 119 4 Guartiger Maur , 111.5 Gwent a part of South-Wales , now Monmouth-shire , how confined , 100.20 How it is divided into Cantreves and Commots , ibid. Guith , i. the Isle of Wight , 15.7 Guy of Warwicke beheadeth Piers of Gaveston , 53.4 Guy-Cliffe , 53.7 Guorong the Lieutenant of Kent , 7.11 H Hadrians Wall limiting the Romane Province in England , 6.9 Hadria● 4. Pope , where borne and his death , 36.6 Hales Monastery , 47.11 Blood of Hales , ibid. Halifa● a great Parish , why so called , 77.8 Halifas Law , ibid. Haly-werke folke , 83.6 Hant-shire how bordered upon , 13.1 The dimension thereof , 13 2 The aire and soil thereof , 13.3 . & 4 What Havens , Creekes and Cas●les it hath , 13.5 By what people inhabited in old time , 13.6 What commodities it yeeldeth , 13.8 What Religious Houses , Hundreds and Townes therein , 13.11 Hardy-Canute his death , 11.6 Lord ●ohn Harrington Baron of Exton , 59.5 His draught of Rutland-shi●● , ibid. Harb●h a great towne in Merio●th-shire , 99.10 Harb●h towne & castle , 117.6 The position thereof , 117.7 Harod Godwins sonne , King of England , vanquisheth Harold Harfager King of Norway , 92.1 Harold Olaves sonne King of Man , drowned in a tempest , 92.12 Havering how it tooke name , 31.9 Hawad●n Castle , 121.7 Hegl●andmen , 2.12 Heil Saxon Idol , 17.6 Helb●ks , 79.3 Hell●ettles , 83.7 Hel●et of gold digged up in Li●oln-shire , 63.6 Hen●st beheaded , 78.10 Hen● Prince of Wales , Duke of ●ornwall , Englands great ho● , 21.6 Hen● Prince of Scotland ha●y escapeth death at the sie● of Ludlow , 71.6 He● the 4. Emperour of Amaine buried in Saint W●burgs Church at Cheste● 73.7 Phil Herbert first Earle of Motgomery , 115.5 Her●rd-shire how bounded , 49.1 T●e climate of what temp●rature , 49.2 Hu●dreds and townes th●rein , 50 Heref●rd Citie and Bishopric●e , 49.5 Th● circuit and graduation th●reof , ibid. Th●●ivill Magistracy thereof . ibid. Herbe●t Losinga B. of Norwi● what Churches and Monasteries he built , 35.8 Herefordshire how bounded , 39.1 The forme and dimension of it , ibid. The ayre , soyle , and commodities , 39.3 The ancient Inhabitants , 39.4 H●●dreds and Townes , ●erein , 40 Her●rd towne , 39.6 The ●●aduation thereof , 49.8 Hib●ia , whence it tooke man , 138.12 Hidosland what it signifieth , 3.3 . & 57.3 . Hig●andmen , naturall Scots , 11.4 . See Heghlandmen . Hill●ie Isle , 9● . 8 Sain● Hilda his miracle , 81.6 Himinbrooke Nuunery , 57.6 Histricall Tome of this Vorke , 1.1 Hobies Irish in Leinster , 141.5 Ho Island . See Lindisferne . Ho well . See Winifrids well . Ho crosse in Tipperary within Mounster , 139.11 Ho●nd a third part of Linc●n-shire , 63.10 Hlanders fishing by license ●on the North-East coasts England , 81.3 H●ry Holland his high desent and calamitie , 19.8 H● Castle in Bromfield , 100 12 Horse Muscles full of good earle , 132.15 Horse-shooe in the Shire-Hall at Oak●ham , 59.7 ●orsa slaine in battell , 7.11 At Horsted his Monument , ibid. ●orton . See Halifax . ●ospitall at Leicester with a Collegiate Church built , 61.6 Charles Howard defeated the the Spanish Armada at Sea , 19.4 Hubblestone in Devon-shire whence it tooke name , 19.7 Humber as arme of the Sea , 79.3 Hundreds what they are 3.4 Hunting●on-shire how it is bounded , 57.1 How ●ivided , 57.3 What manner of Iurisdiction therein at first , 57.4 Hundreds , townes , and memorable places therein , 58 10 Huntingdon town why so named , and how seated , 57.5 Their Common-seale , ibid. Their Priory of Black-Canon , ibid. The Castle , ibid. The River there sometime Navigable , 57.6 Hurles in Cornewall what they be , 21.9 I Iames●he ●he fourth King of Scots slain , 89 10. Iames 5. King of Scots dyeth for griefe of heart , 87.5 Iceni , ●hat people , and where seated , 33.4 . & 35.3 Icat or black Amber , 81.6 Iersey Island how seated , 94 The form and dimension of it , 94.2 . The ayre and soyle , 94.3.4 Stockings there made , 94.4 The originall and language of the Inhabitants , 94.5 The Commodities , 94.6 How governed , 94.7 An Island floating , 132.15 . Ilchester in Somerset-shire , 23.10 Kingdome of the Islands divided , 92.17 Iohannes de sacro Bosco borne at Halifax , 77.8 King Iohn his Monument and Portraiture . 51.5 Saint Iohns Tombe in Scotland , 132.6 Iona , i. Columkil , 132.18 Iosephus of Exceter ( or Iscanus ) his praise , 19.6 Ipswich commended , 33.6 The dimension and site of Ipswich , ibid. How governed , ibid. Ireland how divided into Provinces and Countries , 135 What names it hath , 137 ▪ 1 The name whence derived , 137.2 The most Westerne Island , 137.2 Why called the holy Island , 137.3 Thought to bee Ogygia in Plutarch , 137.3 Called also Scotia , ibid. The third Island for bignesse in the known world , 137.4 When and how it received Christianitie , 135.22 Christianity there much decayed , 139.8 Ireland of what forme it is 137.4 How bounded , ibid. The aire and temperature , 137.5 The soile , 137.6 The Commodities , 137.7 The ancient and originall Inhabitants , 137.8 By whom divided into five Provinces , 138.12 . Called little Britaine , ibid. Irish-mens Cottages in Anglesey , 125 The manners & customes of the Irish in old time , 138.14 The manner of Baptizing , 138.15 Their Children how nurced , ibid. Their fantasticall conceits , 138.16 Addicted much to Witchcraft , ibid. Their Idolatry , ibid. Their attire , 138.18 They forsake their wives at their pleasure , 145.8 Their manner of Warre , 138.19 Their mourning for the dead , 138.20 Irish BB. Consecrated by the Arch-Bishop of Canterburie , 145.8 Isca Silurum , i. Caer-lion , 107.4 Ithancester . See St Peters upon the wall , ibid. S. Ivo a Persian Bishop , 15.7 S. Ivoes Priory , a Cell to Ramsey Abbey , ibid. K Katherine Dowager of Spain● where interred , 55.7 Keyes of the Isle of Man , 91.5 Kendale or Candale whence it taketh name , 85.4 Kendale Towne , 85.7 How governed , ibid. Graduation of it , , ibid. Kendale Earles , 85.7 Kent , how it is bounded , 7.1 . The length , breadth , and circumference of it , ibid. The forme , site , and position of it , 7.2.3 The soile and Commodities , 7.4 Rivers navigable therein , 7 5 Kent unconquered , 7.7 Receiveth Christianitie first in this Isle , ibid. Troubled with civill dissentions , 7.10 How governed , 7.11 Made a Kingdome , ibid. Made an Earledome , ibid. Earles thereof with the Armes of their severall families , ibid. How divided into Hundreds and Parishes , 7.8 Kesteven a third part of Lincolne-shire , 63.10 Kildare adorned with an Episcopall See , 141.8 Kilkenny a faire Burrough-town in Leinster , 141.8 Kimbolton Mannour , 58.9 Kings-delfe . See Swords-delfe . Kingstone upon Hull , 81 4 When built , ibid. How governed , ibid. The graduation of it , ibid. Kirkstall Monastery , 77.7 Kirkstall battell , 78.10 Knights-fees how many in England in William the Conquerours dayes , 4.10 Knocktoe battell , 143.7 L Henry Lacy Earle of Lincolne , his onely sonne drowned in a Well , 119.7 Lactorodum . See Stonystratford , Laford , i. Lord , what it importeth , 47 Lagetium . See Casterford . Lagman King of Man , 92.4 He taketh the badge of the Crosse of Ierusalem , 92.4 In his journey dieth , ibid. His crueltie to his brother Harold . 92.4 Lambeth commended , 11.7 Lampe burning many ages , 78.11 Llanbadarn vaur an Episcopall See , 113.7 Lancaster Countie Palatine , 7● . 1 How confined , ibid. The forme and dimension of it , 75.2 The soile and commodities thereof , 75.4 Hundreds and Townes therein , 76 By whom anciently inhabited , 75.5 Lancaster Towne , 75.6 The position of it , ibid. How governed , ibid. Lancaster House and Yorke conjoyned , 75.9 Lancastrians put to flight , 78.10 Llandaff city how sited , 105.5 An Episcopall See , ibid. Llandevi breve , why so called , 113.7 Langley in Hertford-shire . 39.6 Lath what it is , 4.6 Lawes , i. great stones , 89.13 Lawes of three sorts in England , 4.8 . & 5.3 . Law-troubles none in the Isle of Man , 91.5 . Lawes ought to bee written and certaine , 5.3 Law-land men , 2.12 Lavatrae . See Levatre , Saint Laurence Island , 1.2 Lead-Mines in Darby-shire , 67.5 Lead-blacke in Cumberland , 87.4 Leet whence it tooke name , 4.6 Legeolium . See Casterford . Leicester-shire how bounded , 61.1 The Commodities and aire thereof , 61.2 . & 3 What Religious Houses therein , 61.8 Hundreds and Townes therein , 62 By whom inhabited in old time , 61.4 Leicester Citie or Towne the Center of the Shire , 61.5 The position of it , ibid. What names it had beside , 61.1 An Episcopall See , ibid. Built long before Christs Nativitie , ibid. Well traded , and as well walled in times past , ibid. The graduation thereof , 61 5 Destruction thereof , 61.6 Leinster Province in Ireland , how called , 141.1 How bounded , ibid. The forme and dimension thereof , 141.2 The ayre , soyle , and Commodities , 141.3 . & 5 By whom inhabited in old time , 141.4 Religious Houses therein , 141.14 Irish therein mischievous one to another , 141.2 Countries and Townes therein , 142 Lonn or Linn an ancient Borrough , 35.6 Made a Corporation , ibid. Lenn Episcopi , 35.6 Lenn Regis , ibid. Laeth what it is , 4.6 Lettustan Hundred in Huntingdon-shire , 58.9 Le-trim Countie , plentifull of grasse , 143.4 Levatrae . See Bowes . Lewes Battell in Sussex , 9.7 Llewellin Prince of Wales , where slaine and beheaded , 111.5 Lichfield Citie , why so called , 69.8 Lichfield Armes , ibid. An Archiepiscopall See. ibid. 6.8 What Bishops subject to it , 6.8 The Minster built and new reared by whom , ibid. Limericke the principall Citie in Mounster , 139.6 An Episcopall See. ibid. By whom possessed , ibid. Fortified by whom , ibid. The position thereof , ibid. Lieutenant in every Countie called Custos or Earle , 4.11 Lin. See Lenn . Lincoln-shire , how bounded , 63.1 The dimension and ayre of it , 63.2 Forme thereof , 63.4 Full of Fish and Fowle , 63.5 Other commodities thereof , 63.6 Hundreds , Wapentakes , and Townes therein , 64 Lincolne Citie what names it hath , 63.8 How ancient and populous , ibid. How governed , ibid. The position and situation of it , ibid. Full of Religious Houses , 63.9 How divided , 63.10 Lindisfarne Island , why called the Holy Island , 93.1 How it is situate , ibid. The forme and dimension thereof , 93.2 The Ayre and soyle of it , 93.3 . & 4 In it an Episcopall See , 93.6 Lindsey a third part of Lincolne shire . 63.10 Llinsavathan a strange Meere neere to Brecknock towne . 109.4 Supposed to be Loventrium , ibid. Liquorice growing at Workesop , 65.4 . Lithancraces , 89.6 Little - Chester in Darby-shire , a Colony of Romans , 67.6 Load-stone in Devon-shire , 195 Longovicum . See Lancaster . Loughburrough , 61.7 Lough-Lomund , in Scotland , most raging in calmest weather , 132.15 . Lhoyger , i. England , how it is bounded , 99.1 Luceni , ancient people in Ireland , where planted , 139 4 Lutterworth , 61.7 London , what names it had , 29.7 Walled by Constantine , the great , ibid. London-stone , a Mile-mark , ibid. Churches therein , ibid. Wards thereof , ibid. How governed , ibid. An Arch-bishops See , 6.5 Made subject to Canterbury , ibid. In what graduation , 29 8 London-Bridge . ibid. M Madagascar an Island , 12 Madning-Money whence so called , 41.8 Magi. See Radnor Towne , 111.6 Magintum , now Dunstable , a Roman Station , 41.4 Magnus sonne of Olave , King of Man , 92.14 His death and buriall , 92 15 Maiatae , 2.12 Maiden Castle neere Dorcester , 17.5 Maiden Castle . 79.7 Main-Amber , a strange rock , 21.9 Maio Countie what Commodities it yeeldeth 143 4 Malden in Essex the byall seat of King Kunobelin 31 8 Malmesburie Monast●e whence it tooke name 25 8 William of Malmesburi● Chronicler , ●bid . Malverne hills , and the amirable ditch there , 1.6 Man Isle granted to Fury Percy Earle of Northunerland , 9●7 . Granted to the Stanlei and Earles of Darby , I●id . What names it hath , 91 1 How bounded , ●●id . The forme and dimen●●on , 9.2 The ayre , 9.3 The soile , 9.4 The Commodities , 94 & 5 How it is fortified , ib●d . The Inhabitants Religiou● 9●6 Malefactors there how excuted , ib●● . Castles , Townes , Parishe , and Villages there , 9 ● Chronicles of the Isle , 9 Manchester in Lanca-shire 75. ● Mancunium . See Manchester . Manures where they inhabited , 13. ● March Crosse upon Stanemoore , 6 . 1● March stone-Crosse upon Frith-bridge , 6 ● March , what Countrey , 9● Markeley Hill removed , 4●● Marquesite stones where found , 81.6 Marsland , part of Norfolke 35.2 Mary Queene of Scotland where enterred , 55.7 Mathravall , i. Powis land , 99 ●2 Maudbury a Trench , 17.5 Meden and Medena , 15.7 Medway , a famous River in Kent , 7 5 Melburne in Darby-s●ire famous for the Captiv●tie of Iohn Duke of Burbo● , 67 7 Melitus Bishop of London , 6 5 Men●pii people of Ireland , 141.4 Menevia an Archbishops See , 6.6 Called now Saint Davids , ibid. What Suffragan Bishops it had , ibid. Made subject to Canterbury , ibid. Merchenlage , 5.3 Merchet of Women , 132 18 Mercia , 4.11 Mercian Law , 48 Merioneth-shire how ●ounded , 99.10 . & 117.1 Cantreves and Commots therein , 99.10 The forme , aire , and soile of it , 117.2 Full of spired and clustred hills , 117.2 Hundreds and Townes in it , 118 Merlin Silvester a Wizard , 193.6 Borne in Caermarden , Ibid . His Prophecy of the Welshmens subjection , 107 4 Merton in Surrey where King Kenulphe dyed , 11.6 Metheglin , what drinke , 121 5 Metropolitanes in England two , 5.4 In ancient time three , 6 5 Mice in Essex spoile cattell and grasse , 3.6 Saint Michaell in the ●ale , 94 7 Michaell Ioseph overthrowne upon black-heath , 7 10 Middlesex why so called , and how it is bounded , 29 1 The measure of it , 29.2 The forme , aire , and soile thereof , 29.3 The situation of it , 29.4 What ancient Inhabitants , 29 5 Hundreds and Townes , 30 Middleton Monastery built in Dorset shire , 17.7 Milesius his foure son come into Ireland , 138.11 Milford haven , 101.5 Milfrid a petty King b●lt Hereford Cathedrall Chu●ch , 49 5 Mill-stones and Grin●-stones in Anglesey , 125 Mindip-hills in Summ●rset-shire , 23.6 Why so called , ibid. Minyd Morgan Mon●ment , ●05 . 8 Moillenlly hill , 19.6 Mon , i. Anglesey , 99.7 Mon , Man , Cy , what i● signifieth , 125 Mona Caesaris , i. the ●●e of Man. See Map of M●n . Monkes swarmed in Es●●x , 31 9 Monmouthshire part of ●ales , now laid to England , 100 2 How it is bound , 107 1 The forme , ayre and 〈◊〉 of it , 107. & 3 By whom inhabited i● old time , ●07 4 Hundreds , Townes , a●d Rivers , therein , 108 Monmouth Towne wereof it tooke name , 107.1 Their Castle the Bir●●place of King Henry th● fifth , 107.4 The Towne how sea●ed , Ibid . How governed , ibid. The position thereof , ibid. Religious houses the●ein , Ibid . William Montacute Earle of Salisbury wrestet● Man-Isle out of the Scots hand , 92.17 Selleth it and the Crowne thereof to William Scroop , ibid. Montgomery-shire how bounded , 115.1 The forme and soile of it , 115.2 Their horses , 115.4 Ancient Inhabitants , 115.5 Mountgomery towne and Castle , 115.5 The position of it , ibid. It giveth title of an Earldome , ibid. Hundreds and Townes there , 116 Moores in Westmoreland , 85 4 Mortimers hole , 65.6 Motingham in Kent , where the ground sunke , 7.6 Mounster , what names it beareth , 139.1 How it is bounded , ibid. The dimension thereof , 139 2 The forme , aire and soile , 139.3 How divided , 139.4 & 11 West-Mounster and South-Mounster how in old time inhabited , 139.4 The Commodities of Mounster , 139.5 Mounster addicted to superstitious vanities , 139.8 Much wasted by Rebellions , 139.9 Visited with sundry calamities of dearth , 139 10 What Religious places there , 139.11 How governed , ibid. Murchard O Brien King of Ireland , 92.2 Mussold or Mossewold heath 35.5 N Nagnatae what people in Ireland , 143.5 Needles , certaine Rocks , 15 9 Nemethus and his four sonnes arrive in Ireland , 137 9 Saint Neotus , a Monke of Glastenbury , 58.10 Saint Neots or Needes Priorie , 58.10 Nessa a Lough in Scotland never freezeth in Winter , 132 15 Nevils Crosse battell , In the Map of Durham Bishop-ricke . New-castle upon Tine , 89.7 . Whence so named , 89.8 Called Monke-chester , 89 7 A Countie and Corporation of it selfe , 89.8 The graduation thereof , ibid. New-forrest in Hant-shire fatall to William the Conquerour his Progenie , 13.7 New-Market-heath , 37.7 Newnham Regis medicinable waters , 53 Newport in the Isle of Wight , 15.7 Made a Corporation , and Maior-towne ibid. Ninian converted the South-Picts to Christianitie , 132 13 Normans-Crosse Hundred in Huntingdon-shire whence it tooke name , 58.8 Northampton-shire , how bounded , 55.1 The forme and dimension thereof , 55.2 By whom inhabited in old time , 55.4 The commodities of it , 55 5 Hundreds and Townes therein , 56 Northampton Towne described , 55.6 The dimension thereof , ibid. How governed , ibid. Norfolke an Island , 35.1 How bounded and of what forme , ibid. The measure and name , ibid. The position , soyle , and ayre , ibid. Commodities thereof , 35 2. & 8 Commodious Rivers there , 35.3 Families of Gentlemen there , and their loyaltie , 35.3 How Norfolk is governed , ibid. By whom inhabited in old time , ibid. Replenished with Churches and Monasteries , 35 3 The first Earle of Northfolke , 35.4 Hundreds and Townes in Northfolke , 36 North-Riding in Yorke-shire , how it lieth , 77.4 How bounded , 81.1 The aire , soile , and commodities , 81.2 . & 3 Hundreds and Townes therein , 82 Northumbre , 4.11 Northumberland how it is bounded , 89.1 The forme , aire , and soyle of it , 89.2 . & 3. & 4 The ancient inhabitants , 89 5 The Commodities thereof , 89.6 Battels there , 89.10 Antiquities there , 89.12 Townes & Parishes therein , 90 North-Wales how bounded , 99.6 Divided into four parts , 99 7 What Shires it containeth , 115.5 Norwich whence so called , 35.5 How afflicted with Pestilence and other calamities , ibid. A Bishops See , 35.8 Nottingham-shire why so named , 65.1 . How bounded , ibid. The forme and dimension thereof , 65.2 The aire and commodities , 65.3 Hundreds , Wapentakes , and Townes therein , 66 Nottingham towne commended , 65.6 How governed , 65.7 The position thereof , ibid. O Oaten bread , 91.4 Odiam Castle in Hant-shire , of what strength , 13.5 Offaes dike , 3.2 How it runneth , 99.3 & 111.6 Offchurch , the Palace of King Offa , 53.7 Oisters of Essex the best , 31 6 Oister-hills in Hertford shire , 39.7 Okam , where borne , 11.7 Okham alias Oukham Royaltie , 59.5 The seat in times past of the Ferrars , 59.7 Okham or Oukham Castle , 59 9 Okenyate , 71.9 Olave son of Godred Crovan King of Ireland , 92.6 His wife , concubines , and issue , ibid. Olave the second King of Man , 92.10 King of the Isles , ibid. His death and buriall , ibid. Ordovices a puissant Nation , 115.5 Where planted , 71.5 & 115.5 . & 117.4 . & 119.5 . & 121.6 . & 123.5 . & 125. Orewood a weed of the Sea , 21.3 Orkenary Islands how many , 132.20 By whom discovered and subdued , 132.21 How they descended to the Kings of Scotland , 132 21 Osbright King of Northumberland slaine , 178.9 Oswestry Lordship , 100.12 Otho Bishop of Bareux , first 〈◊〉 of Kent , 7.11 〈…〉 where 〈◊〉 89.5 Otter●●●●e battell , 89.12 Ounsb●ry hill fore-sheweth 〈◊〉 and raine , 181 Ou●● River greater and lesse , 35.3 . 〈◊〉 in Hertford-shire stayeth h●s course , 41.5 ●wen Glendower his rebellion and death , 117.4 Oxford and Oxford-shire whence so named , 45.1 How bounded , ibid. The aire and soile , 45.2 Rivers thereof , ibid. The dimension of it , 45 3 The ancient inhabitants , 45 4 Hundreds and Parishes there , 46 Oxford how ancient an Academie , 45.7 The prerogative thereof , by generall Councell , ibid. The second schoole of Christendome , and pillar of the Church , ibid. The generall Vniversitie for all England , Wales , Scotland , and Ireland . In Oxford thirtie thousand Students , 45.7 An Episcopall See , ibid. The site of it , 45.8 Ox-gauge what it is , 57.3 P Palladius , Apostle to the Scots , 132.13 Palme-Sunday Battell , 78 10 Parishes in England divided by Honorius Arch-Bishop of Canterburie , 5.4 In England how many ibid. How many in the Conquerours time , 4.10 Passerumurbs , See Circester . Patricke , the first Apostle for Ireland , 158.22 His life , 138.23 His Purgatorie , 145 7 Where he lived , died , and was buried , 145.9 Strife about his Sepulchre , 13● . 22 Paulinus Arch-Bishop of Yorke baptized in one day ten thousand , 79 6 Peaceable and safe travelling over all England in King Elfreds dayes , 3.4 Pembroke-shire how limited , 107. & 101.1 What Townes , Cantreves , and Commots therein , 101.2 How neere it is adjoyning to Ireland , 101.3 The ancient Inhabitants , 101.4 The Commodities thereof , 101.5 What Religious houses dissolved , 101.8 Castles therein , ibid. Hundreds and Townes there , 102 Pembroke Towne , 100.17 The site of Pembroke , ibid. Pearles in Cumberland , 87.4 Engendred in Caernarvon-shire , 123.5 Perry a drinke in Worcester-shire , 51.3 Perth . See Saint Iohns Towne . Saint Peters in Cornehill an Arch-Bishops Cathedrall Church , 6.5 . & 29.7 Saint Peters Port , 94 Saint Peters upon the wall , 31.8 Peter-house in Cambridge built , 37.4 Peterborow Towne and Monasterie , 55.7 Peterborow the Cathedrall Church , ibid. Pichford famous for a Well of Bitumen , 71.9 Picts Wall , 3.2 It was the Romanes onely Partition North-ward , ibid. Picts the in-borne and naturall Britaines , 131.4 Why so called , ibid. Pimble-Mere in Merioneth-shire of what nature it is , 117.5 Plaister of Lincoln-shire harder then that of Paris , 65.4 Plantius first Romane Prefect in Britaine , 2 Plimmouth famous wherefore , 19.4 Plimlimmon Hill , 113.3 Plough-land what it is , 57 3 Pomona an Iland of the Orcades , an Episcopall See , 132.20 What commodities it yeeldeth , ibid. Pontfret plentifull of Liquorice and Skirworts 78 8 Port , the Saxon , 17.4 Port-land in Dorset-shire , ibid. Port-greeves , 4.7 Pondbery a Trench , 17.5 Powis-land how divided , 99 12 Powis Vadoc , ibid. Powis between Wye and Severne , 100.13 Powis Wenwinwyn , 100 14 Powis Vadoc what Cantreves and Commots it hath , 100 12 Powis betweene Wye and S●verne what Townes and Castles it hath , 100 13 Powis Wenwinwyn what towns Cantreves and Commots it hath , 100 14 Prestaine a Towne of Commerce in Radnor-shire , 111 6 Processe and pleading in the French tongue , 5.3 R Radnor-shire how it bordereth , 111.1 The forme and circuit of it , 111.2 The aire and soile thereof , 111.3 & 4 The ancient Inhabitants , 111.5 Rivers there , 111.7 Hundreds , Townes , &c. there , 102 Radnor Towne the seat and graduation thereof , 111 6 Radulph Earle of Norfolke , 35.5 Ramsey Abbey , 57.6 Called Ramsey the rich and why , ibid. Reading alias Redding in Bark-shire , beautified with an Abbey by King Henry the first , 27.6 The Castle rased by King Henry the second , ibid. The graduation of it , Ibid . Reafen the Danes banner , 19 7 Redhorse Vale , 53.8 Redmore , where King Richard the third was slaine , 61 7 Regni , what people , and where seated , 9.5 & 11.4 Reignald sonne of Olave , usurpeth the Kingdome of Man , 92.9 Deprived of his eyes and genitories by his brother Godred , ibid. Reignald son of Godred King of Man. 92.9 Slaine , ibid. His body where interred , 92.9 Reignald or Reignald the second , son of Olave , King of Man , 92.13 Slaine by Yvas , ibid. His buriall , ibid. Repandunum . See R●pton . Repton , 67.7 Rere-crosse or Rey-Crosse upon Stanemore , 6.10 Restitutus Bishop of London in Constantine the great his time , 29.7 Ribble-Chester , ancient and sometime very rich , 75 6 Richard Lord Arch-Bishop of Canterbury commended , 11 7 Richard Earle of Cambridge beheaded at Southampton , 13.1 Richard Earl of Cornewall enriched by Tin-mines in Cornwall , 21.3 King Richard the third slaine and buried , 61.6 King Richard the second taken prisoner by Henry of Bullingbrooke , 121.7 Richmond , chiefe Towne of North-Riding , 79.4 How imployed , ibid. By whom built and so named , 79.6 How governed , ibid. The position thereof , ibid. Ringwood in Hantshire whence so named , 13.6 Riplay the Alchymist , 11 7 Robogdii people in Ireland , 145.5 Rochester , by whom built , 7.9 Rodericke the great King of Wales , 99.5 His division thereof , ibid. Rollericke stones , 43 5 Rosamund Clifford poisoned by Queene Eleanor , King Henry the second his wife , 45.8 Roscaman a commodious Territorie in Connought , 143 4 Rugemont Castle , a Kings Palace , 19.6 Saint Rumalds Well , 43.5 Ruthlan Towne and Castle in North-Wales , 99.11 Rutland-shire how bounded , 59.1 Why so named , 59.2 The form of it , ibid. The dimension thereof , 59.3 The ayre and soyle , 59.4 & 5 The commodities it yeeldeth , ibid. The ancient Inhabitants , and possessours thereof , 59.6 . & 7 Hundreds and Parishes therein , 60 S Sabbath day Market , 111 6 Saffran a Commoditie of Essex : 31.6 Salisbury plaine , 25.4 Salisbury Citie , 25.7 The Cathedrall Church , ibid. Earles thereof , ibid. The situation there , 25 8 Old Salisbury , 25.8 Salmons great and plentifull in Scotland , 103.5 & 132.14 Salmons leape , 113.3 & 145.9 Salt , how made in Lancashire , 75.7 Salt comming from stones , 83.8 Saltry Iudeth why so called , 52.8 Saltry Monastery , ibid. Sand a part of Nottingham-shire . 65.7 Sangue lac in Sussex , 9.7 Sarnia . See Garnsey , Saxons Heptarchie whence it first began , 3.1 The seven severall Kingdomes how named , 3.1 The Heptarchies Northern limit , 3.2 Saxons states severally how at first divided in England , 3 3 Saxons government in England how long it continued , 4.11 Saxons first seaven Kings Pagan , 4.12 Saxons first seaven Kings Christian , ibid. Sceafull Mountaine in the Isle of Man , 91.7 Scope of the Authour in this Worke or Theatre , 1.1 Scotland how bounded , 99.1 & 131.4 How divided , 129 The forme of it , 131.2 The Commodities thereof , ibid. & 131.14 The feature and nature of The Scots , ibid. Scotland adorned with three Vniversities , ibid. The position of Scotland , 131.9 Scotland how divided into Countries or Sheriffedoms , Stewardships , and Bailiwickes , 191.10 In Scotland Arch-bishops Metropolitan , 2. & 132.11 Scots Southerne of one originall with the English , 131 4 Scots naturall whence descended and named , 131 5 Scots vanquish the Picts , and raise their name , 131 8 Scythians come into Spaine , 138.7 Sea-coales , 89.6 A Sea-man taken , 33.7 Sea-sand making the soil fruitfull , 21.3 Seffrid Bishop reedefied Chichester Cathedrall Church , 9.6 Segontium , now Caernarvon , 123.6 Segontians where they inhabited , 13.6 Selby the birth-place of King Henry the first , 63.7 Selby Abbey , 77.7 Selonae , now Sandie , 41.4 Sessions foure times in the yeare ordained , 5.3 Severne a noble River , 47 3. The head thereof , 115.2 Whence it tooke name , 115.3 Severus the Emperour died at Yorke , ibid. The manner of his funerall , ibid. Sexwolfe Bishop of Leicester , 61.6 Shaftesbury , 6 Sheriffes whence they came , 4.6 Shatland Isle , 132.22 Shirburne a Bishops See , 17 7 Translated to Salisbury , 27 8 Shire whence it cometh , 3 4 Shires how many in England at sundry times , 4.8 & 9 Shrewsbury chiefe Towne of Shrop-shire , 71.8 The building , site , trade , and strength thereof , 71 8 How governed , ibid. Shrop-shire how limited , 71 1 The forme , soile , and ayre thereof , 71.2.3.4 Castles 32. therein , 71 Hundreds and towns thereof , 72 Sicicle why so called , 15.1 Sidre in Garnsey what drinke , 94.4 Sigebert King of South-Saxons skin , 9.4 Silcester , sometimes Caer-Segonte , 13.6 How ancient , 13.10 Destroyed , 13.10 Silures where they inhabited , 47.4 . & 493. & 107.4 & 109 4. & 111.5 Described , 49.3 Their valour , ibid. 63.7 Subdued by Vespasian , 49 3 Simon a Monke of Swinstead poysoneth King Iohn . Sisters three , what Rivers in Leinster , 141.6 Slege County in Ireland what Commodities it yeeldeth , 143.4 Smyris . See Emeryll . Snowd●n Hill , 123.4 Soland Geese their use , 132.14 Solemne-Mosse field , 87.5 Somerset-shire how bounded , 23.1 Whence it tooke name , ibid. The forme and dimension of it , 23.2 The ayre and soile , 23 , 3 & 4 The ancient Inhabitants , 23.5 The profit it affordeth , 23 6 Memorable for sundry Events , 23.8 Religious houses , 23 9 Hundreds and Townes thereof , 24 Somersham annexed to the Crown , 57.7 Southampton described , 13.10 South-Wales divided into sixe parts , 100.16 Spring of Salt-water at Leamington in Warwick-shire , 53.7 Springs that ebbe and flow , 78.11 Stafford shire how bounded , 69.1 The forme and dimension of it , 69.2 By whom anciently inhabited , 69.5 Commodities thereof , 69.6 What houses of Religion it had , 69.9 Hundreds and Townes therein , 70 Stafford Town described , 69.7 How governed , Ibid. The site or positure of it , Ibid. Sir Hubert Saint Clare his death to save King Henry the second , 7.6 Stamford sometime an Vniversitie , 59.8 Stamford bridge Battaile , 92.1 Stanneries or Stanniers , 21.3 Stibium in Darby-shire g●tten , 67.5 Stock-Chappell in Norfolke why so called , 35.8 Stock-fish gainfull to Kingstone men upon Hull , 81.4 Stones like Serpents , 81.6 Stony Serpents found within round stones , 81.6 Stoney-Stredford , 4.3 6 The Crosse there , Ibid. Stones resembling Shell-fishes , 47.10 Stoneheng● described in the Mappe of Wilt-shire . Stoneley Priory in Huntingdon-shire , 58.9 Suffolke how bounded , 33.1 The ayre thereof , 33.2 The forme of it , Ibid. The dimension thereof , 33.3 By whom possessed in old time , 33 , 4 What Commodities it yeeldeth , 33.5 How divided , 33.9 Hundreds and Townes therein , 34 Sumatra thought to be the Isle Taprobana , 1.2 Summerled , Prince of Herergaidel slaine , 92.6.8 Sunning , an Episcopall See , translated to Shirburne , 27.8 Surrey or Suthrey how it is bounded , 11.1 . Whence it took name , 11.4 The forme of it , 11.2 The length thereof , Ibid. The breadth of it , Ibid. The circumference thereof , ibid. By whom inhabited in old time , 11.4 Principall places in it , 11.5 & 6.8 The graduation of it , 11.6 Religious Houses in it , 11.9 What Castles are in it , 11.10 How divided , ibid. Hundreds and Townes in it , 12 Sussex what memorable places it hath , 9.8 What commodities it yeildeth , 9.9 Religious Houses built and suppressed , 9.10 How bounded , 9.1 How divided , 9.10 Rapes , hundreds , & towns in it , 10 Why so named , 9.1 The forme of it , 9.2 The length thereof , Ibid . The breadth thereof , Ibid . The ayre of it , 9.3 Havens in it uncertain and dangerous , 9.3 Nature of the soyle , 9.4 . Swale River , 79.3 Swale dale , ibid. Swords Delfe why so called , 58.8 Synode at Colne about Priests Marriage , 25.6 T Tamar River boundeth the Britaines , by King Athelstanes device , 3.2 Tameworth , sometimes the Mercian Kings Courts , 69.5 Taprobane the greatest Iland , 137.4 Tave-River , 105.3 Teigne-Mouth the landing place of the Danes , at their first Invasion , 19 4 Saint Telean Bishop of Llandaffe , 105 ▪ 2 Temple to God Terminus , 132.11 Tetnall , alias Theotnall , what it signifieth , 69 5 Teukesbury Field fatall to the Lancastrians , 47.10 Thane or Thean , 4.7 Vnder - Thean , ibid. Theodore a Grecian , Bishop of Canterbury , 7.8 Theon first Arch-Bishop of London . 6.5 Thetforl a Bishops See. Thrihings and Thrihingreves , 4.6 Thule where it is seated , 132 22 Thule . See Shetland . Sr. Richard Thumbleby Knight where buried , 117 6 Thurle-head● , Fishes of the Sea , comming to Land in Munster , 132.10 Tinne-Mines in Cornewall , 21.3 Tinne-Lawes therein , Ibid . Tinne-Workes in it , Ibid . Earle of Tyrone his rebellion extinguished , 139.9 Tithings what they be , 3 4.6 Tithing-man or Borsholder , 3.6 Titus grasped by an Adder , without any harme , 13.6 . Torcoch a rare fish , 123.7 . Totnesse the landing place of supposed Brute , 19.4 Toulesland Hundred in Huntingdon-shire , 58.10 . Townes of Britaine were Woods , &c. 58.9 Townes how many in England in William the Conquerour his time , 4 10 Trees floating in Bagmere , 73.9 Trinobantes what people , and where they inhabited , 29.5 & 31.5 & 39.4 Turkill the Dane , Earle of the East-Angles . 58.8 Twomon● or County Clare conveniently seated , 143 4 V Valentia , a part of Britaine , why so called , 2.15 How limited , ● . 16 Vel●●●● , ancient people in Ireland , where placed , 139 4 Venedotia , i. North-Wales . Venta Belgarum , i. Winchester , 13.9 Venta Icenorum , i. Castor , 35 5 Venta Silurum , i. Monmouth , 107.4 Robert de Vere , Earle of Oxford , Marquesse of Dublin , and Duke of Ireland , 45 5 Verolanium or Verolamium in Hertford-shire . 39.5 . Sacked by Queene Boduo , 39 5 Verterae , a place in Westmorland , 85.8 Vffines whence so called , 35 3 Vidoms what they were , 4 6 Saint Vincents Rocke , 23.6 Virgata , or Yardland , what it is , 57.3 Vlster Province how bounded , 145.1 The forme thereof , 145 2 The dimension of it , Ibid . The ayre of it , 145.3 The soyle and commodities hereof , 145.4 By whom possessed in old time , 145 5.6 Their ancient custome of making a King , 145.6 Religious houses in it , 145 10 Counties and Townes in it , 146 Vodia or Vdiae an ancient Nation in Ireland , where planted , 139.4 Vodius , Arch-Bishop of London slaine by Vortigerne , 6 5 Voluntii , 145.5 Vortigerne where consumed by lightning , 111.5 Vortimer slew in Battell Horsa brother to Hengist , 7 11 Vpton in Worcester-shire a Station of the Romanes , 51 6 Vriconium . See VVroxce●ster . Vsoconia . See Okenyate . Vrsula , the Duke of Cornwals daughter , with her Virgin-Saints , 21.5 Vske-bah , an wholesome Aquavitae in Ireland , 137.6 Vterini , ancient people in Ireland where they dwelt , 139.4 VV A Wall in Scotland from Abercorne or Abercurving unto Dunbritton 132 11 Wall-towne , 89.12 Wales how confined , 99.1 The dimension thereof , 99 4 Wales and Welsh , what it signifieth , 99.1.2 Counties of Wales twelve , 98. & 100.22 Divided into three Regions or Kingdomes , 99 5 Divided into South-Wales , 100.22 Divided into North-wales , ibid. West-Wales , ibid. Wales , why void of woods , 121.5 Princes of Wales sprung from the bloud Royall of English Kings , 97 Wallingford Castle & Town , 27.7 . Wansdike in Wilt-shire , 25.6 Wantage the birth-place of King Elfred , 27.9 Wapentach or Wapentake , what it is , 3.6 Warre Civill of Yorke and Lancaster , 75.9 Warwick-shire how bounded , 53.1 How divided , 53.3 The forme of it 53.2 The Compasse thereof , Ibid . Commodities , ibid. Who inhabited it in old time , 55.4 Hundreds and Townes , 54 Warwick Towne by whom built , 53.6 What names it had in old time , ibid. The position thereof , Ibid . The civill government thereof , 53.6 Washes in Lincoln-shire hurtfull to King Iohn , 63.4 Wat Tyler an Arch-Rebell slaine , 7.10 Waterfals or Catadupa , 85.10 Waterford the second Citie in Ireland , 139.7 Ever loyall to the Crowne of England since the first Conquest of it , Ibid . Watling-street , 43.6 Waveney River , 35.3 Wedon in the street sometime Bannavenna , 55.7 Weisford in Ireland , the first English Colony , 141.8 Whence it took name , Ibid . A Well boyling up with streames of bloud , 27.9 Ebbing and flowing accor-to the Sea , 103.7 & 111.8 Ebbing and flowing contrary to the Sea-tydes , 105.7 A Well , the droppings whereof turne into hard stone , 132.15 A Well floating with Bitumen , 132.15 Welles a Citie in Somerset-shire , why so called , 23.7 By what civill Magistracie governed , ibid. The position or graduation thereof , ibid. Wentsdale , 79.3 Saint Werburgs Church in Chester , 73.7 Westerne Ilands subject to Scotland how many , 132 17 How ruled in ancient time 132.18 Their Commodities , 132 19 Westminster a Bishops See , 29 7 Westmerland how bounded , 85.1 The measure thereof , 85 2 The forme and ayre , 85.3 The ancient Inhabitants , 85.5 Places of chief note therein , 85.8 Townes in it , 86 West-Saxon Lage , 5.3 West-Saxon Law , 4.8 West Sox , 4.11 Whitby Abbey founded , 77.7 Whitgar the Saxon , 15.7 VVhittington Castle , 100.12 Whorwell Monastery built , 17 6 VViscii , what people 51.4 Wiches , i. Salt pits , ibid. Iohn Wickliffe , Englands morning starre , 61.7 VVight Iland described , 15 What names it had in old time , 15.1 The forme and dimension of it , 15.2 The aire and soile thereof , 15.4 The commodities of it , 15 4.5 By whom first inhabited , 15.6 By whom subdued 15.10 How fortified , 15.9 What Towns , Rivers , and memorable places are in it , 15.10 How divided , 15.7 & 16 VVike . See Kingstone upon Hull . Saint VVilfreds Needle 78 11 Wilfrids Bishop , reduced the Ilanders of Wight to Christianity , 15.10 William the bastard Conquered England , 92.2 & 5.1 William now Bishop of Excester repaireth the Cathedrall Church there , 19 6 William King of Scots taken prisoner , 89.10 His sonne drowned with his Cradle , 132.16 Wilt-shire how bounded , 25 1 The forme and dimension of it , 25.2 The ayre and soyle , 25 3.4 By whom inhabited in old time , 25.5 Religious houses in it , 25.9 Hundreds and Townes therein , 26 Winander Mere , 57.7 Winburne Minster , 17.7 Winchester Citie by whom built , 13.9 What name it had in old time , 13.9 . How traded , and how o●t burnt , 13.9 Situation thereof , 13.9 Graduation thereof , Ibid. Fired by the French , 13 10 What Fortunes it hath been exposed unto , Ibid. Cathedrall Church thereof , 13.9 Windesor Castle , 27.7 The Chappell there the Sepulchre of what Kings , 27 8 Winifride of Devon-shire , the Apostle of the Hessians , &c. 19.6 Winifrides Well , 121.8 Winwid field , 78.10 Woodland a part of Warwickshire , 53.3 Woods spared and preserved in Lancashire , 75.4 Wolsey Cardinall where buried , 61.6 Wolves paid yearly for a tribute , 117.3 Women in the Isle of Man girt ordinarily with their winding-sheets , 91.7 Worcester-shire how bounded , 51.1 The forme and dimension of it , 51.2 The aire and commodities , 51.5 Hundreds and Townes , 52 Worcester Citie how named in old time , 51.3 What calamities it hath sustained , ibid. The Cathedrall Church built by Sexwolfe Bishop , ibid. The Civill Magistracie , ibid. The Geographicall position of it , ibid. Wring-cheese Rocks 21.9 Wroxcester an ancient Citie in Shrop-shire . 71.9 Y Yanesbury Trench , 25.5 Yardland . See Virgate . Yeoman and Yeomanry , 4.7 Yere River , 35.3 Yeremouth , or Yarmouth , whence so named , and how seated , 35.7 Made a Corporation , ibid. A Towne very hospitable and famous for Herring , ibid. Yorks an Arch-Bishops See , 6.5 What Suffragane Bishops it had , and now hath , 6.7 Yorke Metropolitane and Primate , 6.7 . & 78.9 His Iurisdiction , ibid. Yorke Citie what names it had , 78.9 How Yorke is governed , ibid. The positure of it , ibid. Library thereof , ibid. Yorke-shire how otherwise called , 77.2 What battels there fought , 78.10 The soyle of it , 77.2 & 5 How bounded , 77.3 Divided into East-Riding , 77.4 North-Riding , ibid. West-Riding , ibid. The dimension of it , 77 4 Yorke Manner-house sometime the Abbey of Saint Maries , by whom built , 77.7 Z Zelanders their fishing upon our North-East Sea with licence , 81.3 FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A61053-e55170 a There is in the Sommer Ilands ( as I have seene , to the West-ward of Port-royall ) such a kind of fish yeelding a purple Iuice● but I do not so well remember it as to set down certainly whether it be the purple fish be here speakes of . b This seemeth to be of a kind of Palme , but much different from the Palmetoes that are in the Som●er Ilands . c He meanes not Cutchene●e which is a flye brought from the Indies , without heads ; but little wormes , breeding on the roote of a Plant called Bibenella . d This is that we call the prickled peare . * There are only of these two last 〈◊〉 in the Sommer Ilands . * You must understand it to be meant whilst the Figs are on the trees . Notes for div A61053-e57780 The principall motives of Writing . Eccles. 1.9 . Exod. 31. Exod. 25. Mark. 12.42 . Exod. 34. Things described upon a personall survey of all England and Wales . Amos 2.13 . What is performed in this Worke. Cities and Shire-townes . Shire-divisions . Tables to finde all names in the Maps . Armes of the titular Nobles . Places of great Battels . Micah 4.3 . The benefit made of this labour . Notes for div A61053-e58860 * Travell . * Adulation . Notes for div A61053-e70190 The scope of this Worke. The distribution of the wh●le Work. The first Tome Chorographicall . The second Tome Historicall . * For some Ilands as Gersey , and Gernsey we have left to their proper places . Britaine the greatest Iland . * Lib. de Cons●an . The Site of Britaine . * Dere●●a . l. 6. * Buchanus so noteth against Humph. Lloyd . The degrees of Britaines Site . The Countries abutting upon Britaine . All the Ilands about Britain counted British . * Cambdens Britannia . Britaines Eulogies . * Lib. 18. c. 7. Psal. 16. * Spen●ers Fairie Queen , l. 2. Can. 10. Stan 5. Britaine once no Isle . * Or half Isle . * Twine . Verste●an . Aeneid lib. 8. * Extremique huminum Morini . * D. Cockes Epist . l. 3 Report . * Ca●● . Iuda . M. S. * Italie . Britaine but slenderly knowne to Caesar. Epit. Liv l. 105. * Rebquam I●silae partem in potestatem sub●g●t . * Epod. 7. Britaine had Kings in it in Caesars time . * In Cambdens B●itannia . Britaines supposed divisi●n 〈◊〉 Brutes three 〈◊〉 . * England . * Wales . * Scotland . G●ff , of Monmouth father to Brutes three sonnes . Britaine the Great and Lesse . * Appiau . Britaine the Higher and Lower . Her●dian . Britaine divided into three parts . * Camb. p. 111. Sexius Rusus Dist. 80. cap. 1. Britannia prima . Britannia secunda . Maxima Caesariensis . Britaine divided into five parts . Valentia why called . Amianus . l. 28. Flavia why called . The bounds of Britaines five parts ▪ 1 Britannia prima . 2 Britannia secunda . 3 Flavia Caesa. 4 Max. Caesar. 5 Valentia . Lib 5 cap. 5. and 6. The Emperours respect of Britaines Conquest . Their surnames hence . Their residence here . Their favours . Their Triumphs . Scotland vide lib. 3. Ireland vide lib. 4. How the Saxon H●ptarchie began . The seven Kingdomes of the Saxon Heptarchie . The most Northerne limit of the H●p●archie . The Picts wal , the Romanes onely partition Northward . * A River in Cumberland . The Saxons added two other bounds in the West . 1 Offa-Dyke . Io. Sarisbu ▪ in Poly●rat . 2 The River Tamar . * Marianus cals them Occidentales Britanes , as Saxo victor , ƿest ƿeales . The Saxons domini●●ns divid●d into Hid●s . * M. Ta●● . * M. Clarenc . p. 114. K. Elfred first divided the Land into Shires , and why . Ingulphus . Malmesbury . Tacitus . Ingu●phus . Aldermen . Earles . * Cam. p. 20. but Lambert thinks it a Saxon title , Peramb . p. 502 Portgreves . Burgesses . Thean . Vnderthaine . * Lamb. p. 502. but Cam. p. 121. ●●inkes it Danish . Churle . Y●omanry . The number of the Shires , 32. Malmes . Polyc. li. 1. c. 19 A three-fold ●●stibution . Three sorts of Lawes , and Shires subject to them . In Wil Conq. time Shires 34. and more . Shires 39. Shires 52. Polyclnon . Shires 36. Towns in the Conqu●rours time . Parish-Churches . Knights Fees. Lieutenants . Camd. Higdon . A foure-fold division ●●der Canutus the● Dane . * Lib. 2. The continuance of the Saxons governement . The compartments of the Map unfolded . The first seven Kings . The first seven Christian Kings . 1 Lib. 7. c. 18. 2 Lib. 7. c. 8. §. 3 3 Li. 7. c. 11. §. 3. 4 Lib. 7. c. 9. §. 8. & ib. c. 20. 5 Lib. 7. c. 7. §. 7. 6 Lib. 7. c. 10. § 5. 7 Lib. 7. c. ● . §. 3. * In Io. Hondius his Map of Gallia . * L. 15. c. 14. he lived An. 1330 his Author perchance much ancienter . * 〈◊〉 , some read , not so well : because sertilus followeth . * This verse Hondius inserts as peculiar to France . * This verse Hondius inserts as peculiar to France . Deut. 6. v. 10 , 11. Deut. 11. v. 11 , 12. Deut. 8. v. 7 , 9. Florentius Wigor . p. 449. Gervas . Tilb. Ingu●phus . Camb. in Norm . Mat. West . lib. 2. &c. Gervas . Tilb. de Scaccar . Hoveden p. 243. where they are set downe . Ibid p. 347. Ingulphus . Lamberts Archaion . Gervas . Regis Caria in qua i●s● in propria persone jura die●●●t . H●st . Derob . Polyd. Hist. A●g . lib. 1. * This David was the Vncl● of Arthu● , and son of Princ X●●thus , bego● on M●lea●ia a Nunne . Beda Hist●● . Angli● lib. 1. cap. 2● . * Ha●●s●ald . Linda●●rn , &c. An. Iom . 765. Chron. Winton Ho●lienshed . ● scrip . Brit. p. 12 * In the Nort Riding of Yo●kshire . M. Lamb. peramb . The length of Kent . The bredth . The forme . The name . As M. William Lambard conjectureth . The site of Kent . The Soile . The commodities . Wil. Lambard , fol. 248. Rivers of Kent . The Cinque Ports . Peramb . of Kent , fol. 148. Goodwin-sands . Silvest . Giraldus in his Itinerary of Wales Lamb. fol. 105. Hector Boetius . Iohn Stowe . The Inhabitants of Kent . Caesar. Com. lib. 5. fol. 52. Lam. Peram . in description of Dover , fol. 158. Canterbury by King Rudhudibras . Lam. Peram . in description of Canterbury , fol. 292. Ethelbert . Edbald . Lotharius . Withred . Edelbert . 1 Sam 5.4 . Herein King Iohn and his Queene were Crowned . Rochester . Civill dissentions in Kent . The government of Kent . Caes. Comment . The Earles of Kent . The division of Kent . The name of SVSSEX . The forme , length and bredth . The Ayre . The Soile . An. 478. The ancient Inhabitants , of Sussex . Sussex subdued to the Romans . Chiefe places in Sussex . Lewes . An. 1263. A battell at Lewes battle . Wil Newbery . Bas●●● . Pensey . Cimenshore . Gromebridge . Commodities . Religious houses built and suppressed . The Shires division . The bounds of Surrey . The forme . The length . The circumference . The Ayre and Soyle . The ancient Inhabitants . Principall places in Surrey . King Henry the sixth buried at Chertsey . Cambden . Battles before the Conquest in Surrey . Some say this Victory was obtained at Fernham in Kent . Iohn Stow. Religious houses erected and suppressed in Surrey . The divisions of Surrey . The length and bredth of Hampshire . The ayre of Hampshire . The soile . Havens . Creekes . Castles . Ninius in Catalog . Civit. Doomsdayes booke . Beda bist . lib. 4. cap. 13. New Forrest . Gualter Maps . The City Winchester . Lib. Notitiae . Zosimus . Wil. Malms . Henry Hunting . The Staple . Kings buried in Winchester . The situation of Winchester . South-hampton . Clausentium . Silcester . Ninius . Ger. Can●u . The chiefe religious houses in this County . The ancient Name . Ninius . The occasion of naming it Guyth . The length . Bredth . Ayre . The Soyle . The delectablenesse of it . The commodities . Ancient Inhabitants . Richard Ridvers . Newport the chiefe towne . A showre of blood . The strength of this Iland . The Romane Governours . The Mercian King. Wilfrid . Bishop of Winchester their Diocesan . The ancient name of this Shire . The bounds of limits . The forme and measure of it . The Aire . The ancient inhabitants . An. D. 1016. At Penham King Canute overthrowne . The Commodities . P●i●ie . Dorchester the chiefe Citie . Fosse-way . Maudbury and Poundbury . Maiden Castle . The Magistracie of the City of Dorchester . The graduation of it . Other places memorable . Badbury . Cerne . Shafie●bury . Corfe . Middleton . Winburn . Sherburn . An. D. 860. An. D. 866. Religious houses . Castles in this Shire . Market towns . The names of Devon-shire . The bounds of Devon-shire . The length and bredth . The Aire . The Soyle . Ports and Havens about Devon-shire . Brutes reported entrance . The Danes first entrance . An. D. 787. Sir Fra. Drake his Voyage . The Spanish Fleet , Anno Dom. 1588. The Commodities . Cloth. Kersies . Lead . Silver . Load-stone . The Citie Excester . Rugemount a Kings Palace . Excester withstood the Saxons 465. yeares . Hugh Courtney . A. D. 1497. Perkin Warbeck A. D. 1549. The Cities Climate . Crediton . Exmore . Hublestowe . A. D. 878. Asserius Menevensis . Dukes and Larles . Philip Commin . cap. 50. Religious Houses . Hundreds and Churches . Flores Histor. Geffry Monmo . Richard Carew . The Aire . The Soyle . Lib. 6 cap. 8. Tinne-Mines . Priviledges of Tinne-works . The Borders of Cornwall . The Forms and Length . Lib. 5. cap. 8. Michael Cornw. The ancient people and now Inhabitants . Bale Cent. Lib. 1. Wil. Malmes . The Earles of Cornwall . The commodities . Diamonds gotten in Cornwall . Market-towns . Memorable things . Brasen swords found by digging . The other halfe Stone . Wring-cheese . Main-Amber . The bounds of Sommerset-shire . The length . The breadth . The Ayre . The Soyle . The Inhabitants . Commodities . Lead . Diamonds . The chiefe Cities . Bath once called Akemancester . Wels , once called Theodo●od●num . The Magistracy of Web. Bristow . Porlocks . Battels . Ealstane Bish. of Sherbourne . Arthur . Godrus . Religious places . Barelinch . Muchelney . Witham . Hinton . Glastenbury Abbey . Camalet . Ilchester . Dunstere . The Counties division . Market Townes . The ancient name of this Shire . The forme . The Ayre . In his Polcraticon . North-Wilt-shire . Salesburie Plaines . The ancient people . Vespasian Lieutenant under Claudius . Yanesbury Trench . West-Saxons poss●ssors of this Shir● . Wansdike . Wodensburg . King Ceaulin . King Ina. King Elfred . Calne . A Synod about the marriages of the Clergie . A pitifull mishap . Dunstan President Salesburie the chiefe Town . The Cathedrall Church . The Earle of Salesburie . Old Salesbury Ann. 553. Ann. 1003. Lecham . Brokenbridge . Cosham . Maidulph a learned man. Adelme . William of Malmesburie . Ambresburie . Qu. Eleanor . Places of Religion . Castles . 1. Malmesbury . 2. Castle-combe . 3. Lacock . 4. The devizes . 5. Lurgishall . 6. Wardar cast . 7. Salesburie . 8. Marlingsborow . The ancient name . The bounds . The forme . The measure . The Ayre . The ancient Inhabitants . Frontinus . Caes. Commens . lib. 5. * The Inhabitants of Braye Hundred in the East of this Shire . An. D. 866. Asserius . Redding the chiefe Town . Henry the first built Redding . Henry the second razed Redding . The Graduation . Wallingford . Windsor . William the Conquerour comp●●nded for Windsor . An. D. 1312. The Institution of the most honourable Order of the Garter . Henry the sixt . Edward the Fourth . Hen. the Eight . Sinodum . Watham . Sunning . Shirburne . Wantage . Finchamsted . Iohn St●w . The commodities of this Shire . The devotions of the people . The division of this Sh●re . The length . The forme . Gen. 14.10 . The ancient Inhabitants . Caesars Com. Fiue princely houses in this Shire . Beda hist Aug. lib. 8. cap. 2. LONDON . The names of London . Simon of Durham . An. 306. London walled by Constantine the Great . London-Stone a mile-marke . S. Peters in Cornehill the Cathedrall Church . S. Paul. The number of Churches in London . The Wards of London . London Bridge . * Westminster . Westminster a Bishops Sec. Zach. 2.4 . Isay 23.3 . Ezekiel 27.12 The trade of London . The Thamesis . London inuaded . An. 1216. An. 1380. Battles in Middlesex . The 14. of Aprill , An 1471 and eleuenth of ●d . 6. The Shires diuision . Margaret wife to Edward 1. Isabel wife to Edward 2 Ioane Queene of Scot● , all buryed at Gray-Fryers . The name of ESSEX . The forme of Essex . The length and bredth . The borders of Essex . The Ayre . The Soile . The Inhabitants . Caesar. Commen . lib. 5. Annals of the English Saxons . Danes-blood . The Normans . The Commodities . Saffron in Essex . Oysters . Mice devoure some part of Essex . Iohn Stowe . Colchester the chiefe Citie . Constantine borne at Colchester . The fortification of it . Commerce . Magistracie . Graduation . Maldon . K. Cunobelin . Queen Boduo . S. Peters . A Pilgrims Message . Religious houses . Castles . Colchester . Plesys . Hangham . Augre . Waleden . Hemingham . Market towns . The name of Suffolke . The bounds of Suffolke . The Aire . The forme . The old Inhabitants . Tacitus . Agricola . The Commodities . Pantaleon . Ipswich the chiefe Citie . The length and breadth of Ipswich . The Governors of Ipswich S. Edmundsbury . For King Edmunds Martyrdome see more in the Historie . Leyland his commendation of S. Edmunds-bury . Iohn Textor . An. 1173. Exning . Rendlisham . Hadley . Nubrigensis . Wulpet . Orford and Aldebrough . Religious houses built and suppressed . Ann. 636. The division of the Shire . The Market Towns. Content . Name . Ayre . Soyle . At Ranworth . Aethol . 833. Hunting . lib. 2. Norwich . Lenn . Yarmouth . Thetford . Becan G●● H●vend 129. Mal●a . sol . 104. Alex. Nevil . Mussold . Lenn . Yarmouth . Go●am M. de Patishulll Wade Everwicke . &c. The Bishopricke . The ancient Saxons name of this S●ire . The bounds of it . The length , ●redth , and ●cumference . The Soyl● . Cambridge the Vniversitie . Ex historia Cantabrig . manuscript . Sigebert . 2 King. 6.1 . Cambridge how it came to be called Grant-bridge . Peter-house the fi●st Colledge built . The gradu●tion of the Citie . The Citie of Ely. Saint Audrey . The religious houses in this Province . The Commodities of this C●untie . Places of ancient note . Erminstreet . Divels Ditch . Gogm●gog hils . Henry Hunt. The division of this Shire . Market towns . Castles . Parish Chur●hes . The bounds of Hertford-shire . The form . The length . The bredth . The Ayre . The Soyle . The ancient Inhabitants . Ptol. Caesar. Tacitus . Asserius . The War●es . S. Albans . A Towne indowed with the Priviledges of Rome . Tacit. Annal. lib. 14. cap. 10. Market towns . Hertford . Hemsted . Langley . Civill Battles in this S●●●e . Religious houses erected and suppressed . The site of Hertford . The Earles . The Shires division . The bounds of Bedfordshire . The Forme . The Length and Breadth . The Ayre . The Soile . The ancient Inhabitants . Caesar. Com. li. 5. MAGINTVM a Romane Station . The River O●se stayed her course . Civill warres in this Countie . Bedford . Churches and religious houses in Bedford . Flo●ilegus . King Offa●s Tombe . Iohn R●sse . Dunstable . Castles and Houses of the Kings . Religious houses suppressed . The Dukes and Earles . The name of this Shire . The forme . The limits . Length . Bredth . Circumference . Ayre . Chilterne hils . Leostan Abbot of S. Albans . Plenty of sheepe . The ancient Inhabitants . Cherdike the West-●axon . Cuthwulfe . The Danes . Brenwood . Edward Confessor . Buckingham the chiefe Towne . S. Rumalds Well . The Magistracy of Buckingham . Stony Stretford . Watling-street . K. Edward in memory of his wife Queene Eleanor . Places of Religion . Ashbridge a fained miracle . Bishop of Rochester . Alesburie . S. Edith . The Shipwracke of Super●tition . Castles , Newport . Buckingham . Lounden . Hanshope . Market towns . The name of this Shire . The borders of Oxford-shire . The Aire and temperature . The Soile . The Rivers . The length , breadth , and circumference . The ancient Inhabitants . Caesar. Com. l 5. Historia domus S. S wythini Winton . Simon Dunelm . A Battle . OXFORD . Merlin Vaticin . Necham de Na. ●erum , lib. 2. ●u●laeus in Prod●mata Arist. Will. Malmes . Annales of the Abbey of Winchester . Clementin . 5. See the Disceptation in the Councell printed a● Loran , 1517. Armachan . 5. Wil. R●shing . M.S. Wadham Colledge newly builded . The bounds of Glocester-shire . The Length . The Bredth . The Forme . Wil. Malmes . The Soyle . The Inhabitants . The Commodities . Market-towns . Glocester City . The Graduation . Bristow . Circester . Alexander Necham . Marianus . Memorable places . Barkley . Tewkesbury . Shel-fish congealed into stones . Religious places . Dukes and Earles of Glocester . The Shires division . The m●a●ure and cir●u●f●rence of this Shire . The Climate . The ancient Inhabitants . Tacitus in vita Agricolae . Sutton the Court of King Offa. Her●ford the chiefe Citie . An. Dom. 1055. Bone-well . Marcley Hill. Iob 28 ▪ 9. Esay 40.12 . Religious Houses . The number of Castles in this S●●●e . Market-towns . The anci●nt Sax●n name . The bounds . The forme . The length , b●edth , ●n● circumference . The Aire . Aboundant in fruits . Corn●lius Ta● . in his description of Germany . The ancient Inhabitants . Worcester the chiefe Citie . Can●t● . D●●m●sdayes Bo●ke . King Steph●n . King Iohn . Prince Arthur . The Magistracie of the Citie . Vpton . Malverne Hils . No certaine place is reccided of this Oke , but held to be in this Shire . Many Townes in other Shires belonging to this County . Religious Houses . Castles . The Shires division and Market Townes . The bounds of VVarwicke-shire . The forme of the Shire . The Length . The Aire . The Feldon . Gen. 12.10 . The Woodland . The ancient Inhabitants . The Battles . * Or rather of an Elephant , being not so little as a yard in length . Iohn Rosse . The name of Northampton-shire . The forme . The length . The bredth . The circumference . Sir Tho. Mores ●topia . Tacit. Annal. lib. 12. cap. 8. The Commodities of it . Northampton the chiefe Towne . Hen. Huntingd. King Iohn . King Henry the sixt . Ann. 1460. A.D. 1261. Peterborow . An D. 546. An. D. 960. Katharine Dowager of Spaine . Queene Mary . Religious Houses . King Edward the sixth . Edward . Richard. Castles . 1. Maxey . 2. Fothringhay . 3. B●rnwels . 4. Rockingham . 5. Goddington . 6. Brabroke . 7. Heigham . 8. Northampton . 9. Benifeild . 10 Alderingham . Market towns ; Ptolem. Chro. Sax●nica . Iugulph . Crouland● gist Abbat de Chertsey , Malmes●●● Teg. Alfred . Registrum S. Albam . 12. Hen. 7.17 . Flucux . Leg. Cama . Sax. Lect. divers . saper Stat. de Foresta . Lib. Domesday . Rot. Forest. in 〈◊〉 . de Comit. Rutl●nd . 33. Hen. 3. Ger●●s . Tilb. de n●cess . obs . 〈◊〉 . Liber Niger in 〈◊〉 Iob. 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 Itine . & Foresiae . Histor. Iornalensis . Mat. West . Hist. Dor. ●aus . A. 7. E● . 1. R●t . Car. A. 28. & 29. Ed. primi in arch . Tur. L●nd . Placit . in Bane . Reg. Hil. 33. Eliz. Liber Niger in 〈◊〉 . 33. Lib. Domesday pro Comita● . Hunt. S●ras●am . Reg. M●●●●t . S. Petri de Bargo . 〈◊〉 in 〈…〉 . Epi. 〈◊〉 . Domes . Ex Heji Elicus . cap. 13. & 42. Et pia . a st apud . Cant. 14. Ed. 1. Ex R 4. in arch . T●r. Lon● . de Ha●● . in 〈◊〉 . Hund. Ex Regi● Rom. vocat . Dearslether in Sca●●ar . 13. Edw. 3. f. Br●●f . 241. Ex lib. rub . in S●●c . & in quo volunt . H. 2. Ex lib. Domes . Ex Rot. comp . in Scac. Tacitus de mor●●● Germ. Leg. S. Ed. c 7.19 . Leg. H. pri . c. 22. Ex Car● . Hen. primi de liberta●ibus . Leg H pri . c. 10. Regist. Elieud . 2 Leg. Her. primi Ex Cart. Regis W●ll . primi Remigio Ep. Lincoln . Leg. Hen. 1. Gi●al . 〈◊〉 in Simb . Elect. Domesday in sine in com . Hun. Marian Scotus . Hen. Hunting . Regist. Prior de Hun. Domesday . Ex num . 〈◊〉 antiquae . Ex. cit . Waltheoph . & com . Hunt. Ex Benedicto Monacho in vita Hen. 2. Ex inquisit . de Feod●● milit . Ex carta original● Da●id Comitis . Ex cartis amiquis in Tur. Lond. Ex Rot cur . augment . Ex cart . amiquis & Itiner . Iob. ●eland● Ex●ct . de Quo Warranto temp . Edw. primi . & Parliam . 50. Edw. 3. Excart . Reg. Iob. in Arch. Tur. Lond. Ramsey , insula arictis . Ex Regist. Ram. E●●lesiae . Ex vita Abbat . Rams . Matth. Paris . Hist. Major . Chron. Ioh. de Walingford . Monach. S. Albani . Ex lib. de translat . S. Iuonis . Ex Regist. tertarium Monast. Ram. Cart. Hen. 3. & Rot. de Quo Warrant . Edw. Primi . Broughton . Ex protest . Original . sub sigil . Convent . Gocclinus in vita S. Iuonis . Capgrave Leg. Sanct. Angliae . Ex Lib. transla . S. Iuonis . Hist Elicus . l. 2. Ex vita Episco . Elicus . E●●● . Lib. Domes . Regist. Priorat . de Bernwell . Ex Inquis . in Arch. Tur. Lond. Ex Evident . Familiae . Domesday . Cart. Hen. 8. Ex Certificat . Com. temp . H.S. Domesday . Cart. Regis Iob. Ex Chron. Ab bat . de Lecest. Ex Regist. S. Mar. de Lincoln . Rot. Hundred . de Leightoni● . E. 1. Cart. Reg. Iohn Rot. Hun. Ed. 1. Ex vita S. Neai . Ex Regist. Priorat . S. N●ott . Lib. Domesd. Eschet . temp . dr●ers . R●g . R●● . H●nd . temp . Ed 1. Fr●sard . Domesday . Rot. Hund. d●●ous●and . Chron. Saxon. Domesday . Cart. Reg. I●hn Rot. de Quo Warranto Ed● . primi . Vi●a S. Ma●●u● . * Ca●●ide● . The bounds of this Shire . The forme , and occasion of the name . Many places named from the nature of their soyle . The dimension of it . Ayre . Soyle . The Lord Harrington . Okham Royaltie . Homigers to the Lord Harrington . The Earle of Lincolne . The ancient people . Romanes . Saxons . Normans . King William the C●●q●●rour . The 〈◊〉 of the F●rr●●s . Stanford not s●●ted in this S●ire . * Stanford an Vniversitie untill Augustines time . Brasen-nose Colledge in Stanford . Two Market-townes onely in this Shi●e . The S●i●es partition . At Cole Overton in Gas co●e hundred . The Aire . The Soyle . Commodities . Leicester Citie the Center of the Shire . The names of Leicester . Geffrey Mon● . Leicester a Bishops See. An. D. 914. Leicester destroyed through the Rebellion of Robert Crouch-backe . Camden . The Citizens grievously used . King Richard the third . A drinking for horses made of his stone Coffin . Places of note . Camden . Maria. Scotus . Bosworth-field in Anno 1485. August 22. Religious houses built and suppressed . The Shires division . The length of this Shir● . The Ayre . The Forme . The Soyle . Commodities . Plin. Nat. Hist. Greg. Agric. Mineral l●b . Market-Townes . Lincolne the chiefe Towne . An. D. 516. An. D. 940. An. D. 1140. An. D. 1217. An. D. 1123. An. 1186. Wil. Malmes . Ann. 1536. Ann. 1549. Castles . 1. Nicole . 2. Clifford . 3. Brum●e . 4. Stanford . 5. B●●am 6. Swin●shead The name of Nottingham . The Borders . The Forme . The Ayre . Commodities . Battels . Nottingham . R●g . Hoved. Asserius I●gul●his . Hen ▪ Hunting . Places of Religion erected and suppressed . The Shires division . The bounds of Darby-scire . The forme . The Length . The Bredth . The Circumference . The Aire . The Soyle . The ancient people . Tacit. An. l. 12. cap 8. The Commodities . Pliny . Darby . Athelward . Saint Maries Bridge . Little-Chester . Repton . Melborne . Buxton Well . Elden-hole . Devils Arse in the Peake . Religious houses . The division of Darby-shire . The ancient name of this Shire . The confine● of it . The forme and dim●nsitude . The Aire . The Soyle . * Cornavii . the ancient people of it . Tamworth . An. D. 911. Beda . The commodities of it . Ten Rivers . Stafford the chief Towne . Iohn Capgrave . King Iohn . King Edward the sixt . Dukes of Buckingham Recorders of Stafford Thomas Werswick . Leichfield . Iohn Rosse . An. D. 606. An. D. 676. An. D. 718. An. 1148. Houses of Religion . Castles . Alton . Carswall . Chesterton . Madeley . Chatley . Stafford . Leichfield . Tamworth . Hely . Newcastle . Duddeley . Tutbury . Eccleshall . The Saxonish names of this Shire . The limits . The forme . Aire . Soyle . Severne . Severne once the bounds of the North-Britaines . Ordovices . Caractacus . Caer-Caradoc . Cornavii . This Shire a part of the Mercian Kingdome . Henry the second . Sir Hubert S. Clerc . Henry Prince of Scotland . King Stephen . Shrop-shire the Marches of England and Wales . King Henry the seaventh . Prince Arthur . King Henry the eight . Shrewsbury the chiefe Towne . Commodities . Strength for warlike defence . Magistracie . Graduation . Roxalter . * Berry a Citie famous in Arthur dayes . Castles . 1. Whittenton . 2. Ellismere , 3. Oswestree . 4. Wem . 5. Red-castle . 6. Morton-Corbeti . 7. Knockin . 8. Shrawerdon . 9. Watlesburgh 10. Rowton . 11. Brocard . 12. Cause . 13. Ponderbach . 14. Atton-Burnell . 15. Carleton . 16. Dalaley . 17. Tong. 18. Bridgnorth . 19. Howgate . 20. Bramcroft . 21. Corsham . 22. Clebery . 23. Ludlow . 24. Shipton . 25. Hopton . 26. Cl●n . 27 Newcastle . 28. Bishopscastle 29. Bruges . 30. Shrewesbury . 31. Holgod . 32. Lavemuste . The borders of Chesse-shire . The forme . The Ayre and Climate . The Soyle . The ancient Inhabitants . CORNAVII ▪ CANGI . Tacit. Annal. lib. 12. cap. 8. * Chester . Romans . Saxons . Annal. Britan. Cheshire made a Principality . Nic. Trevet . A. D. 1255. The Gentility of Chesse-shire . Cheshire chiefe of men . Cheshire women very faire . Ranulph . Cest. lib. 1. cap. 48. An. Do. 70. Hen. Bradshaw . Chester described . The Minster built . Henry the 4. Emperour of Almaine , buried in S. Wereburgs , Eadesburg . Finborow . Eadgar ▪ triumph . Marianu● Scot●● . Ioh Fik. Wil Malmes . Ran. Higden . Roger Hoven . Alfrid . Beverid . Flores Hist. The Causey . The Earles . The confines . Forme . Dimensitie . Ayre . Soyle . Commodities . Woods carefully preserved in this Shire . The old Inhabitant● . Roman . Saxon. Dane . Norman . Manchester . Riblechester . Lancaster more pleasant then full of people . The grant of King Edward the third unto the Towne of Lancaster . It is severed in some places by the force of the Sea. Winander-mere . It was last made subject to the West-Saxon Monarchy . Arthur put to flight the Saxons . Duke Wade put to the worst . The civil wars of Yorke and Lancaster . Their happy conjunction . Castles . Hundreds . Market towns . Parishes . The benefits of Antiquitie . Yorkeshire a great Province . Mens affections most set to moderne matters . Yorkeshire how bounded . Full of Trees . How bounded North. East . West . South . Humber . Yorkeshire divided . West-Riding . East-Riding . North-Riding . The Soile . The Antiquities . Columnes . Altars . Bric●es . Abbeys . Whitby . Bolton . Kirkstall . S. Maries in Yorke . Fountaines . Monast. Saint Wilfrid . Drax. Selby . Causes of diminishing Church-livings . Memorable places . Halifax . Pomfret . Yorke Citie . Yorke a pleasant Citie . Egbert Arch-●ishop of York . Rich. the third . Hen the eight . Severus Empe●our . Goddesse Bellona . Constantius , surnamed Chlorus . Osbright and Ella . Ath●lstan . The Citizens cost since Will. Conquerour . The Magistracie of Yorke Citie . The Battles . Conisborough . Aurelius Ambrosius . Kirkstall . Casterford . Palme-Sunday Battle . Lancastrians put to flight . Places of other note . Giggleswicke . S. Wilfrids Needle . Constantius Sepulchre . An ancient Romane custome . York●shire delightfull . The bounds of the West-Riding . The Ayre . The S●yle . Copper . Lead . Stone-Coale . Lead-Oare . Inhabitants . Richmond the c●iefe towne . The occasion of building it . Oswy King of Northumberland . The M●gi●tr●cie of Richmond . The graduation . Matters memorabl● . A Copper Mine . Cockles on the top of the Mountaines . Swale River . Paulinus Archbishop of York . Places of Antiquitie . Bayntbridge . Bowes or Levatrae . A Thracian Cohort there . Exploratores band there . Spittle . Maiden Castle . Burgh . Aurelius Commodus Statue . Catarick . Religious Houses . Richmond . Cover●ham . Fois . Ignorance . F●ith . Castles . Market towns . The bounds of the North and East-Ridings . The Aire . The Soile and other Commodities . H●rrings . Kingstone upon Hull . Stock-fish . Beverly a Sanctuary . Places where are stones found like Serpents . Where Geese fall . Where a Sea-man was c●ught . Water for diseased eyes . Black Amber or Jette . Round stones with stone-Serpents in them . The Battle of Battlebridge . The Battle of the Standard . David King of Scots . Mowbray . King Henry the second . Religious houses . Dunsley . Gisburgh . Kirkham . Deirwa●d . Market-Townes . The bounds of this Province . The Forme . The Dimensitude . The Ayre . The Soyle . Coale-pits . Cambden . The ancient Inhabitants . The priviledge of this people . S. Cuthbert . The devotion of divers kings to S. Cuthbert . Beda his tomb . The Monks idlenesse the cause of their overthrow . Hell-kettles . A salt proceeding of stones . Binchester . Condercum . Castles . Hilton . Bransp●th . Ra●ye ▪ Durham . Luml●y . Wa●ton . Ba●nard . The bounds of Westmorland . The Length . The Bredth . The Forme . The Soyle . Inhabitants . Commodities . Kendale the chiefe Town . Earles of Kendale . The Magistracy of Kendale . Graduation of it . Places of chief 〈◊〉 verterae . Apelby . Roman Coyns here sound . Sessions at Apelby Castle . A Romane Station at 〈◊〉 King Iohn . One House of Religion . Notes of Anquitie Amble side The River Ca● . The Commodities of it . Market towns . Cumberlands bounds . The forme . The Ayre . The Commodities . The ancient Inhabitants . Marian Scotus . King Edmund . King Stephens gift to the Scots . Henry the Second . Oliver S. Clere. Iames the sixt , King of Scotland . Carlile the chiefe Citie . Edward the First . Castles . 1. B●w . 2. Askirton . 3 Scal●y 4. Nowath . 5. Castlesteed . 6. Castle-carock . 7 Corhy . 8 Lyndstok . 9. Rawcliffe . 10 Drumbugh . 11. A●●allwat . 12. The Roseca . 13 High●ate . 14 Wulsly . 15. Clad●k . 16. Haton . 17 Grastok . 18. Pemeth . 19 Daker . 20. Pape Cast. 21. Cokermouth . 22. Werkinton . 23 Hay . 24 Egremand . 25. Millum . The bounds of Northumberland . The Forme . The Aire . The Soyle . Inhabitants . Commodities . New-castle . A rich towne . The occasion of naming it New-castle . Richard the second . Henry the sixt . Barwick . The situation of Barwick . The Governour . Battels in this Country . Battels at Otterburne . Anwick . Brumridge . Flodden-field . Hexam . Dilston . Antiquities . Halyston . Busy-gap . Light Horsemen . A Martiall kinde of men . Morpeth . Market-towns . Diversitie of names . Forme . Dimensitie . Aire . Soile . Oaten-bread . Commodities . Freedom from vexation in Lawing . The Magistrates manner of warrant for summoning a partie before him . Bala-Curi the Bishops palace . Religiousnesse of the people . Matters worthy of note . The womens girdles when they go abroad The manner of death for Malefactors . The partition of this Isle . 1 Syrric King of Man. 2 Fingall . 3 Godred Crovan . King. 4 Lagman King. 5 Dopnald King. 6 Olave King. 7 Godred the second King. 8 Raignald King of Man. 9 Olave the second King. 10 Harrold King of Man. 11 Raignald the second King. 12 Magnus King of Man. Beda in the life of Cuthbert . Notes for div A61053-e592200 Verstegan lib. Rest●s . cap. 5. Offa made M●ar between his Kingdome and Wales . The breadth and length of Wales . Rodericus Magnus divided it into three Regions , Ann. Christ. 870. * Shrewsbury . * D. Powel . Gwyneth or North-wales . * Anglesey . * Caernarvon . * M. Tate . * Hist. of Wales . Mon or Anglesey the first part of North-wales . Beau-marish the chiefe towne of Anglesey . Arvon or Caernarvon the second part of North-wales . Caernarvon the Shire-towne of the Countie of Carnarvon . Merioneth the third part of North-wales . Y Bervedhwlad the fourth part of North-wales . * D. Pow. Hist. of Wales . Powys between Wye and Severne , the second part belonging to Mathraval . Powys Wenwynwyn the third part of Mathraval . South-wales the third Kingdome . Cardigan the first part of South-wales . The towne of Caerdigan . Dyvet or Pembroke the second part of South-wales . Caermarden-shire the third part of South-wales . Glamorgan-shire the fourth part of South-wales . Gwent the fifth part of South-wales . Brecknock-shire the sixt part of South-wales . * An. 35. c. 25. * An. 27. c. 27. Pembroke-shire bounds . The Forme . The Ayre . Giral . Cambden . The ancient Inhabitants . Henry the first planted Netherlanders in this Shire . W. Malm. lib. 5. The Commodities . Pembroke the chiefe Town . S. Davids . Edmund Earle of Richmond . Castles . 1. Kilgarren . 2. Newport . 3. Marberbury . 4. Walwin cast . 5. Roch cast . 6. The Block-house . 7. Haverford . 8. Benton . 9. Carew cast . 10. Red castle . 11. Narbarth . 12. Pickton . 13. Rise cast . 14. Castle Bigh . 15. Castle Male. 16. Hayes . The name of this Shire . The Forme . The Aire . The ancient Inhabitants of this Shire . Tacitus in vita Agricol● . Cambden . The commodities . The chiefe Town . Me●lin a phantasti●all Wizard . Carreg-Castle . The Rivers and Market-Towns . How this Shire took his name . The Forme of it and measure . The Aire . Tave the chief River . Caerdif the chiefe Towne of all South-Wales . Beauclark . Curthose . The graduation of Ca●dif Landaffe . Giraldus . Things of strange note . Clemens Alex. Stromat . ●● . 7. A strange Well . ●olybius . Minyd-Ma●●●● . The number of Castles in this Shire . Religious Houses . The division of this Shire . The name of Monmouth-shire . The borders of Monmouth-shire . The Forme . The Ayre . The Soyle . The ancient Inhabitants . In the life of Tathie . In Itinerar . Cambr. Giral . Monmouth Towre . King Henry the fifth borne in Monmouth . Religious houses suppressed . Castles . Market-towns . The Shires division . Girald . Cambr. The bounds of Breknock-shire . The length and breadth . Girald . in lib. ●iuer . Camb. The nature of the Soile . The ancient Inhabitants . Tacitus in vita Agricola . Arthurs Chaire . Llynsauathans Meere . Girald . Cambr. The Market Townes . Breknock . The divisions . The bounds of Radnor-shire . The forme . The Circuit . The Ayre . The Soyle . The ancient people . Tacitus in vita Agricola . Polychron . Anno 1282. Radnor . In the Book of Notices . Cambden . Prestayn . Knighton . In his Polycraton Iohn Salub●●y . Raihader Gowy . The ancient name . Limi●● . The Forme . Dimensitie . Aire . Soyle . The Beaver in former time found here . The Salmon . The Salmons Leape . The commodities of this Shire . The ancient people . Iuli. Frontinus . King Rufus . King Henry the first . Cardigan the chiefe Towne . The wals of it . The Castle . The graduation . Market Townes . Religious houses . Hoveden . Llan-Deui-breui . The Pelagian heresie refuted . The Shires division . The bounds of Mountgomery-shire The forme . Severne . The Inhabitants . Market-Townes . The Earle . The Shires division . The borders of Merioneth Sbire . The forme . Giraldus . Wil. Mal. The Inhabitants . Anno D 1282. The Townes . Pimble-meare . d ee . Harloch . The limits . The forme and Dimensitude . The Ayre . The harvest-mans Almanack . The Soyle . Good husbandry . The ancient Inhabitants . King Edward the first . The Commodities . Moillenlly hill . King Arthurs round Table . Denbigh the chiefe Towne . The fairest of all North-Wales . An Earthquake . The Magistracie of Denbigh . Graduation of it . This Shire and others not divided in the Map. The Shire , division . Market-towns . Castles . Parishes . The limits of it . The circumference . The Ayre . The climate . Soyle . d ee River . Commodities . Inhabitants . Castles . Fl●nt●astle ●astle the chiefest . Henry 2. Edward 1. Richard 2. Hawarden Castle . Coles-hill . Fons Sacer. A Spring arising miraculously . A Chappell built over it . The strange opinion held of this Spring . Kilken . Banchor . Bedaes report of Banchor Monastery . Port Hogham , and Port Cleis . Varis Vale. Llan-Elwy , or Asaph . Kentigern , Bishop of Glasco . His Monastery . The Governour of it . Basingwarke . Offae● Ditch . The Shires division . The divers names of this Shire . The Welsh turn M into V or F. So Caer-merdhin , Caer-Frydhin , Luid Breu. of Brit. The measure . The Ayre . The Soyle . Very unpasseable . British Alpes . Snowdon Hills . The People . Pearles . Places of note . Seioni . Ninnius . Mat. Westminst . Caernarvon . Caernarvon in danger of the Sea. The Government of it . King Edward the second borne at Caernarvon . Ban●hor . Owen Glendowerdwy . Conwey River . Caer-hean . Aber-Conwey . Florilegus . The Fish Torcoch . Market-towns The first name . The forme . Length . Bredth , Aire . Commodities . A Welsh Proverbe . Grindstones . Alome . Inhabitants . Roman Governour . Jnvaded by the Irish. Edward the first . Beau-mariso chiefe town . The Government of Beau-marish . Antique Religious houses . Many English Nobilitie there buried . The partition of this Shire . Notes for div A61053-e661590 M. Timothy Ponn . Cambde . Brit●in d●script . Pict . English Annals . Beda lib. 1. c. 1. * Hect. Boet. lib. cap. 12. That Law was made by King Edwin the 3. * Which is yet called the Merchets of women . Notes for div A61053-e666040 How Ireland hath been named in times past . The divers names of Ireland . Orpheus . Aristotle . Eulogi●m . Ptol Geogr. c. 1. Ireland a Westerne Island . In his publike readings in Paris upon Pomponius Mela. Vaine conjectures . Festus Avienus , in his Orae maritimae . No ven●mous Beasts in Ireland . Ireland called Scotia . Ireland the third Iland for largenesse in the world . The forme of Ireland . The bounds . The ayre . Pompon . Mela. The plenty . Giral . Cambre . The soyle . The danger . Commodities . Pompon . Mela. Mantles . Horses . Bees . The ancient Inhabitants . Bartholanus one of Noahs progenie . His three sons , Languinna , Salanus , Ruthurgus . Giants of the stock of Nimrod . Starius . Garbancles . Anuinus . Fergusius . Gandius . Geuandius . S●gandus . Rutheranius . Slanius . Ireland divided into five Provinces . Irish & British word● agree . Tacit. in vita Agricolae . Ireland never subject to the Romanes . Or●sius . The manners and customes of the wilde Irish. Strabo . Mela lib. 3. Soli. cap. 24. Giraldus Cam. The mortall disposition of the Irish. The fantasticall conceits of the Irish. Superstitious of the Irish. Their grosse Idolatry . Many wives . The attire of the men . The attire of the women . Their manner in Warre . Their ridiculous conceits . Their excessive mourning for their dead . Their diet . Christianitie in Ireland . Vincentius li. 3. cap. 7. Pro. Aquitanus . An. D. 431. Ninius . Henricus Antisiodorenfis . Strife for Patrickes bones . The life of S. Patricke . The Bounds . South . North. East . West . The length from South to North. The bredth from East to West . The Forme . Ayre . Soyle . Good and commodious . Ancient Inhabitants . Luceni . West . Velabri . West . Vicermi . West . Oudiae . South . or Vodiae . South . Coriondi . South . A supposall touching the Luceni . The ri●h commodities of Mounster . Spaniards and Portugals make here a good profit by fishing . Limericke the chie●e of this Province . Fortified by King Iohn Ann. 1332. What happened in this City : by Insolencie , by Valour . The graduation of it . Corke Citie . Encompass●d with wi●d Irish that often infest it . The Irish Marriages . Waterford the second Citie in Ireland . Alwayes loyall to the English Crowne . King Henry the s●venth his bountie to it . Christianitie in Ireland how it decayed . Men turned into Wolfe-men . The effects of Melancholy . A ridiculous opinion . Of mute souldiers in battell . A good motive for the converting of the Irish to Christ. The Pope and King of Spains bad dealings . Desmonds rebellion suppressed by the Lord Gray , 8000. Spaniards landed in Ireland . Tyrones rebellion extinguished by the Lord Montioy . Windes . Dearth . Famine . Ann. 1330. what hapned . More the same yeare . Ann. 1317. the effects of it . Ann. 1331. a miraculous reliefe . Religious places . An unprobable opinion of the Crosse of Christ. The Irish misled by fault of their teachers . The government of this Province . The old division of it . The new at this day . King Henry the seconds grant . King Henry the sixts grant . Market towns ▪ Castles . At Dunkeran . At Dungarvan . At Limericke . Shandon Castle . Cahir Castle . The bounds . The forme . The Aire . The Soile . Divelin destitute of word . Inhabitants . Commodities . The three Sisters . The Grounds Kilkenny . Kildare . Wexford . Divelin . The antiquitie . Divelin 〈◊〉 by Ha●●●● K. of England . Divelin is the Royall seat of Ireland . Henry the second . Henry Loundres . Iohn Comin Arch-bishop of Divel●● . Henry the fourth . Edward the sixt . The Irish mischievous one against another . The Irish wast Leinster . The Irish of Leinster raise warre . The Giants Dance . The Religious places . Market Townes . The bounds . The forme . Ayre . Soyle . Twomond Galway . Maio. Slego . Le-Trim . Roscomen . The ancient Inhabitants . The Citie of Galway . The Ilands called Arran . A superstitious observation . The battell of Knoc-toe , An. D. 1516. The rebellion of the posteritie of Mac-William . Sir Richard Bingham . The Rebels scattered . They submitted themselves . They entred into rebellion afresh . They yeelded againe and were received . Three thousand Scots drowned at Moin . A slaughter of the Irish of Connaught . Places memorable . Inis Ceath . Inis Bovind . A Monastery at Maio. Beda lib. 4. c. 4. Curlew hills . The Abbey of Beatitude . Castles . Market towns . The bounds of Vlster . The forme . The ayre . The soile . Plenty of Salmons . Negligence of husbandmen . The ancient Inhabitants . Their custome to sweare by S. Patrickes Staffe . Their custome to chuse their King. S. Patrickes Purgatory . Ellan u'Frugadoric . Matters memorable . The Arch-bishop , of Canterbury wont to consecrate the Bishops of Ireland . Irishmen wont to forsake their wives at their pleasure . Armagh . Vita Patricii . Marian Scotus . S. Patricke lived and died here . S. Malachy . Rich Fitz-Ralf . Enis Kelling . The Salmons Leape . Places of Religion . Market-towns , Castles . The division of Vlster .